the limnophorini are a tribe of flies , belonging to the family muscidae .

although the name-giving genus is limnophora , this was actually described only after the more characteristic and easily recognized lispe .

limnophorini

no one has contributed data records for limnophorini yet . learn how to contribute .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
contributed by john f . carr on 20 june , 2011 - 1 : 02pm
a revision of the north american species belonging to the genus coenosia meigen and related genera ( diptera : muscidae ) . part i . the subgenera neodexiopsis , coenosia , hoplogaster and related genera allognota , bithoracochaeta and schoenomyza
, transactions of the american entomological society 60 : 57 - 119 ( march 1934 ) ( jstor )
a revision of the north american species belonging to the genus coenosia meigen and related genera ( diptera : muscidae ) . part ii . the subgenus limosia ( coenosia of authors )
, transactions of the american entomological society 60 : 133 - 198 ( june 1934 ) , ( jstor )
contributed by john f . carr on 20 may , 2011 - 5 : 10pm
dna barcoding of northern nearctic muscidae ( diptera ) reveals high correspondence between morphological and molecular species . . .
by renaud , a . k . , j . savage , and s . j . adamowicz
full title :
dna barcoding of northern nearctic muscidae ( diptera ) reveals high correspondence between morphological and molecular species limits
available online here .
transactions of the american entomological society , vol . 46 , no . 2 , pp . 133 - 196 , 1920
contributed by john f . carr on 3 july , 2011 - 4 : 31pm
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
valter jacinto marked
mosca da família muscidae / / face fly ( lispe sp . )
as trusted on the
lispe
page .
sarah gregg changed the thumbnail image of
lispe tentaculata tfj806 - c44f kq57k
.
valter jacinto marked
mosca da família muscidae / / face fly ( limnophora sp . ) , female
as trusted on the
limnophora
page .
valter jacinto marked
mosca / / fly ( lispe tentaculata ) , male
as trusted on the
lispe tentaculata
page .
valter jacinto marked
mosca / / fly ( lispe tentaculata ) , female
as trusted on the
lispe tentaculata
page .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
biostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .
enter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .
we are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .
museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken
this translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations .
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
1 department of entomology , museu nacional , quinta da boa vista , são cristóvão , rio de janeiro , 20 . 940–040 , rj , brazil
this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license 3 . 0 ( cc - by ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
palpilongus gen . n . is herein described for one species – palpilongus bifurcus sp . n . , from costa rica , based on male and females . the striking morphological characters of the species – palpus very long , about as long as prementum ; upper calypter truncate and very short and setae of male sternite 5 bifurcated , confirm that this new species is also a new genus in the tribe coenosiini . male and female terminalia were dissected and illustrated .
morphology , neotropical region , palpilongus gen . n . , palpilongus bifurcus sp . n . , taxonomy
most of the species are known as predators of other insects and some play an important role as potential biocontrol agents , as , for instance , coenosia attenuata stein ( couri and salas 2010 ) .
coenosiini is the largest tribe of coenosiinae , with 29 genera in the world , 15 in the neotropical region . four are currently known from costa rica : bithoracochaeta stein , 1911 , cordiluroides albuquerque , 1954 , neodexiopsis malloch , 1920 and schoenomyza haliday , 1833 ( de carvalho et al . 2005 ; couri et al . 2006 ) .
the aim of the present contribution is to describe a new coenosiinae species from costa rica , and to ascribe it to a new genus based on unique combination of characters .
this study was based on one male and eight females specimens from costa rica in the collection of the instituto nacional de biodiversidad ( inbio instituto nacional de biodiversidad , costa rica ) . two female paratypes ( one each ) will be deposited at the museu nacional , universidade federal do rio de janeiro ( mnrj museu nacional , universidade federal do rio de janeiro ) and at the department of zoology of the universidade federal do paraná ( dzup department of zoology of the universidade federal do paraná ) . holotype and the remaining paratypes remain at inbio . terminology follows mcalpine ( 1981 ) except for postpedicel instead of antennal flagellomere , as we followed stuckenberg ( 1999 ) .
the terminalia were macerated in a 10 % potassium hydroxide solution at room temperature for 24 hours . they were then dissected in glycerol and stored in a microtube with the specimen . color photos were taken with syncroscopy , jvc auto - montage with a leica mz 16 optical microscope .
) ; proepimeral seta oriented downwards ; notum and pleurae with very few setulae ; presutural acrostichal setae developed ; dorsocentral setae 1 + 3 ; katepisternals 1 + 1 + 1 forming an equilateral triangle ; upper calypter truncate and very short ; wing veins bare ; male hind tibia with many rows of fine and long anterodorsal , dorsal and posterodorsal setae ; sternite 1 bare ; setae on sternite 5 bifurcated ; hypandrium tubular in male ; ovipositor long in female .
palpilongus bifurcus gen . n . et sp . n . ( holotype ) , habitus in lateral view .
palpilongus bifurcus gen . n . et sp . n . ( holotype ) , mouthparts and palpus in lateral view .
derived from the latin words palpus and longus , the genus name refers to the long palpus .
in the current classification of muscidae , the new genus falls in the tribe coenosiini of the coenosiinae . in both keys to muscid genera identification of de carvalho and couri ( 2002 ) for the neotropical region and savage and vockeroth ( 2010 ) for central america , the new genus approaches neodexiopsis and can be separated by the following couplet :
the new genus was added to the cladistic analysis of the world coenosiini ( couri and pont 2000 ) . the analysis positioned palpilongus in the same clade of cordiluroides + neodexiopsis + haroldopsis albuquerque ( synonymyzed with neodexiopsis in the referred cladistic analysis ) , based on one synapomorphy - presence of three preapical setae on mid femur . the new genus was supported by the following synapomorphies : hairs on arista at most equal to basal width of arista ; fronto - orbital plate with no setulae ; colour of thorax and abdomen shinning undusted ; notum almost bare , with very few ground setulae ; lateral seta on scutellum present and hind tibia with a preapical posterodorsal seta at apical fourth .
neodexiopsis and cordiluroides are differently represented in the neotropical region . neodexiopsis is a speciose muscid genus , with about hundred described species found throughout the region , while cordiluroides have a more restricted geographic distribution ( mexico , costa rica and brazil ) and is known by 6 species .
cordiluroides species can be recognized by the very high insertion of the antenna ( very above the mid level of the eye ) , palpus short and slender , presence of only one pair of postsutural intra - alar seta , upper calypter transverse , hind tibia with one median anterodorsal , one posterior submedian and one posterodorsal supramedian setae and setae on sternite 5 not bifurcated . the genus was recently recorded from costa rica , on the base of three species ( couri et al . 2006 ) .
palpilongus bifurcus gen . n . et sp . n . ( female paratype ) , ovipositor 8 dorsal view and spermathecae 9 ventral view .
holotype male : costa rica : prov . guana [ guanacaste ] , estation pitilla 9 km . s . de santa cecilia , 700m , dic 1994 , p . rios , ln 329950 380450 # 4372 [ inbio code collection number ] ( deposited at inbio ) . paratypes : same locality as holotype , ix . 1994 , ln 330200 _ 380200 # 3206 , 1 female ( inbio ) , # 3294 , 1 female ( inbio ) ; prov . alajuela , upala , bijagua , alb . heliconias , 700m , 11–26 . i . 2000 , j . d . gutiérrez , agua miel , l _ n _ 299800 _ 43800 # 56263 , 1 female ( mnrj ) , # 56263 , 1 female ( inbio ) ; prov . guanacaste , rio san lorenzo , tierras morenas , 1050m , x . 1995 , g . rodriguez , l _ n _ 287800 _ 427600 # 6405 , 1 female ( dzup ) , # 6405 , 1 female ( inbio ) ; prov . punta [ puntarenas ] , est la casona , r . b . monteverde , a . c . arenal , 1520m , i . 1994 , n . g . obando , ln 253250 _ 449700 # 2606 , 1 female ( inbio ) ; n . p . heredia prov . , transecto , braulio carrillo , x . 1989 , 1500 , r . aguillar & m . zumbado , 1 female ( inbio ) .
head . dichoptic . ground - color yellow . eye bare . fronto - orbital plate , parafacial , face and gena golden pruinose . frons brown - reddish about 1 / 3 of head width . three pairs of frontal setae intercalated with shorter setae , the upper frontal setae oriented backwards . ocellar setae strong . antenna with pedicel yellow and postpedicel brownish , about 3 . 8 times the length of the pedicel . arista with very short setulae . gena thin . palpus yellow , very long , as long as proboscis , enlarged toward apex . labellum not reduced , developed and without teeth .
) , one long and strong anterodorsal seta on apical third and long apical setae on each , the anterior , anteroventral and ventral , the last of which the longest and strongest . hind femur with 2–3 fine anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae on apical third and with 3 preapical setae ( anterodorsal , dorsal and posterodorsal ) . hind tibia with many series of fine and long anterodorsal , dorsal and posterodorsal setae and with a long and strong apical ventral seta . wing slightly infuscated . vein m straight . calypters yellow . knob of halter yellow .
palpilongus bifurcus gen . n . et sp . n . ( holotype ) , mid tibia .
. elongate - cylindrical . ground - color yellow with black round lateral marks on tergites 3–5 . sternite 1 bare . sternite 5 with setae on apical third , the marginal ones bifurcated (
palpilongus bifurcus gen . n . et sp . n . ( holotype ) , sternite 5 with bifurcate setae in detail .
palpilongus bifurcus gen . n . et sp . n . ( holotype ) , cercal plate and surstyli 5 dorsal view 6 lateral view .
. length of body : 4 . 5–5 . 3 mm . length of wing , 4 . 8–5 . 5 mm . differs from male as follows : proboscis with reduced labellum and strong teeth (
) . mid femur has a median anterior seta . mid tibia with one seta anterior to anterodorsal sub - basal seta and one supramedian posterior seta ; hind femur with an anterodorsal and an anteroventral row of scattered setae and two long and thin ventral setae on the middle third . hind tibia without the long setae as in male and with two anterodorsal setae at the limit of the median 1 / 3 and one submedian posterodorsal seta .
palpilongus bifurcus gen . n . et sp . n . ( female paratype ) , head in lateral view .
the male and the female have some marked differences , mostly in mid and hind leg chaetotaxy , in which only the male has mid tibia with four long dorsal setae on apical half and hind tibia with many series of fine and long anterodorsal , dorsal and posterodorsal setae . the different shape of the proboscis suggests that feeding habits differs between males and females : the female certainly is predator as most species of coenosiini with reduced labellum and developed teeth , while the male posses another kind of habit , unknown as far we know .
the specific epithet is latin and refers to the bifurcate setae of sternite 5 of the male .
the authors are grateful to dr . manuel zumbado for the opportunity to study this material . to conselho nacional de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico ( cnpq ) by the fellowship and grant to msc ( process number 300382 / 2010–3 ) and cjbc ( process number 304713 / 2011–2 ) . to luis antonio alves da costa ( mnrj ) for the final art of the drawings . thanks to james j . roper for the english revision . we are very greatful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions .
in : de carvalho cjb , editor . ( ed ) . muscidae ( diptera ) of the neotropical region : taxonomy .
de carvalho cjb , couri ms , pont ac , pamplona d , lopes sm . ( 2005 )
cordiluroides albuquerque from costa rica : first records , descriptions and taxonomic changes ( diptera , muscidae , coenosiinae ) .
first record of coenosia attenuata stein ( diptera , muscidae ) from chile with biological notes .
in : diptera de patagonia e south chile . london , part 7 : 171 - 346 .
in : mcalpine jf , peterson bv , shewell ge , teskey hj , vockeroth jr , wood dm , editors . ( eds ) . manual of nearctic diptera , volume 1 .
in : brown bv , borkent a , cumming jm , wood dm , woodley ne , zumbado ma , editors . ( eds ) . manual of central american diptera : volume 2 .
antennal evolution in the brachycera ( diptera ) , with a reassessment of terminology relating to the flagellum .
copyright © 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved
enter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user
for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .
. . . thus , the reduction of the median process supported the clade ( ( helicobia + sarcophaga ) + lipoptilocnema ) + peckia ) ) , while the elongation of the capitis supported ( ( helicobia + sarcophaga ) + lipoptilocnema ) , and the expansion of the base of the lateral styli supported engelimyia . similar findings of male genitalic characters that support phylogenies at various levels have been observed in other groups of insects , such as the muscid tribe coenosiini ( couri and pont 2000 ) , tabanomorpha ( zloty et al . 2005 ) , in the planthoppers ( hemiptera : cixiidae ) ( hoch 2006 ) , and in microgastrine braconid wasps ( whitfield et al . 2002 ) . . . .
. . . e new genus was added to the cladistic analysis of the world coenosiini ( couri and pont 2000 ) . e analysis positioned palpilongus in the same clade of cordiluroides . . .
two new species of the genus coenosia ( diptera : muscidae ) from mt . fanjing of guizhou , china
fauna europaea brings together the scientific names of all european land and freshwater animals in one authoritative database ( http : / / www . faunaeur . org ) .
the phylogenetic relationships among world genera of coenosiini ( diptera : muscidae : coenosiinae ) were investigated using parsimony . the analysis involved forty - six ingroup terminal taxa , representing 100 % of the genera currently assigned to this tribe , three outgroups and sixty - seven adult male and female morphological characters . the monophyly of coenosiini is confirmed by the position of the . . . [ show full abstract ]
the morphology of the male terminalia of fourteen african species of helina robineau - desvoidy , 1830 ( diptera , muscidae ) is described and illustrated : h . dorsalis ( stein , 1914 ) ; h . emdeni pont , 1980 , h . fuscibasis emden , 1951 ; h . gracilior emden , 1951 ; h . hirtipes metatarsalis emden , 1951 , h . juxtamedialis emden , 1951 ; h . lasiopa emden , 1951 ; h . mollis ( stein , 1906 ) ; h . naivashensis emden , . . . [ show full abstract ]
the study of recently collected afrotropical muscidae ( diptera ) from burundi , democratic republic of the congo , kenya and south africa has revealed ten new species which are described herein : coenosia duomaculata sp . nov . , c . nigromaculata sp . nov . , c . fragilis sp . nov . , helina harrisorum sp . nov . , h . ferfriniorum sp . nov . , hydrotaea tantula sp . nov . , limnophora diminuta sp . nov . , l . . . . [ show full abstract ]


nerice bidentata , the base-streaked prominent moth or double-toothed prominent moth , is a moth of the family notodontidae .

it is found in from nova scotia to florida , west to texas and north to saskatchewan .

the wingspan is 30 – 40 mm .

adults have a two-coloured forewing .

the lower half is greyish brown and the upper half is light to dark brown .

these are separated by a doubly toothed blackish band with a variable white edging .

the hindwings are brown , although somewhat darker toward the margin .

they are on wing from april to september and again from may to august in one generation per year in the north .

the larvae feed on the leaves of ulmus species .

they are chalky-green and are similar to the leaf edges of the host plant .

larvae can be found from june to october .

nerice bidentata

species nerice bidentata - double - toothed prominent - hodges # 7929 - bugguide . net
not surprisingly , double - toothed prominents are a favorite around here . we love how accurately their double - toothed backs imitate the double - toothed elm leaves on which they live and feed . we love searching for them on little sunburnt elm trees along roadsides . we love their scientific name , nerice bidentata , which has inspired us to nickname them “crazy old nerice , ” a deeply obscure reference to disney’s beauty and the beast .
today , we discovered another reason to love the double - toothed prominent : a delightful old article describing the species . in june 1892 , caroline g . soule’s “the early stages of nerice bidentata” was published in the cambride entomological club journal , psyche . in her nine succinct paragraphs , soule made me feel as if i’d never really even looked at the double - toothed prominent . she’s meticulously descriptive :
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
: fw grayish with black double - toothed bar running from the base to mid outer margin , fading to brown at the costa . sub - apical dash shaded with white . hw brown , darker toward margin .
caterpillars of eastern north america david l . wagner . 2005 . princeton university press .
check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . hodges , et al . ( editors ) . 1983 . e . w . classey , london . 284 pp .
peterson field guide to moths of northeastern north america david beadle and seabrooke leckie . 2012 . houghton mifflin .
peterson field guides : eastern moths charles v . covell . 1984 . houghton mifflin company .
caterpillars of eastern forests david l . wagner , valerie giles , richard c . reardon , michael l . mcmanus . 1998 . u . s . dept of agriculture , forest health technology enterprise team .
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
easily recognized by the doubly toothed blackish band that separates grayish brown lower half of forewing from light to dark brown upper half . note variable white edging along toothed band . hindwing brown , darker toward margin .
the caterpillar lab fosters greater appreciation and care for the complexity and beauty of our local natural history through live caterpillar educational programs , research initiatives , and photography and film projects . we believe that an increased awareness of one’s local environment is the foundation on which healthy and responsible attitudes towards the broader natural systems of this world is built .
“aug . 23 . 3d moult . 5 / 8in . long . head large , round , bilobed , smooth , green with dark face lines… 4th segment had a double dorsal hump , tipped with brown ; 5th , a much larger double hump , yellow green , tipped with brown , the brown extending down the front and back like a dorsal line lifted by the hump ! 6th to 10th segments had similar humps , but smaller , like that on 4th… spiracles , heretofore unnoticeable , green with a brown line on each side , and from them spread white lines like veins , distinct on the green sides of the larva . ”
“sept . 8th . … the pupa was very active , rolling a foot or more at a time . “
interestingly , caroline soule lived in brookline , massachusetts , just a few miles from where our executive director sam jaffe was born and raised . caterpillar love and keen observation skills must be in the water down there !
psyche is an open - access journal that’s been in publication since 1874 . you can read caroline soule’s full article on pysche’s website here : urltoken ( just click “full - text pdf
on the right ) .
each week ( or at least some weeks ! ) the caterpillar lab features a
caterpillar of the week .
each featured caterpillar is a species we ' ve raised at our lab in keene , nh . we hope you enjoy meeting the caterpillars of new england !
80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
biokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright © 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .
a double - toothed prominent moth in anne arundel co . , maryland ( 6 / 9 / 2016 ) . identification verified by roger downer / bamona . photo by timothy reichard . ( mbp list )
a double - toothed prominent moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 5 / 28 / 2014 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a double - toothed prominent moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 6 / 13 / 2017 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a double - toothed prominent moth in baltimore co . , maryland ( 6 / 2 / 2017 ) . determined by john s . ascher / bugguide . photo by emily stanley . ( mbp list )
a double - toothed prominent moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 5 / 12 / 2004 ) . specimen provided by bob patterson . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )
a double - toothed prominent moth in howard co . , maryland ( 5 / 19 / 2005 ) . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )
a double - toothed prominent moth collected in frederick co . , maryland ( 8 / 7 / 2003 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a double - toothed prominent moth caterpillar in baltimore co . , maryland ( 9 / 1 / 2013 ) . photo by bob cammarata . ( mbp list )
a double - toothed prominent moth in howard co . , maryland ( 9 / 7 / 2015 ) . verified by brandon woo / bugguide . photo by bonnie ott . ( mbp list )
a double - toothed prominent moth larva in frederick co . , maryland ( 8 / 31 / 2016 ) . photo by bob cammarata . ( mbp list )
a double - toothed prominent moth caterpillar in calvert co . , maryland ( 8 / 29 / 2003 ) . photo by arlene ripley . ( mbp list )
use of images featured on maryland biodiversity project is only permitted with express permission of the photographer .


the yellow-vented bulbul ( pycnonotus goiavier ) , or eastern yellow-vented bulbul , is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds .

it is resident breeder in southeastern asia from indochina to the philippines .

it is found in a wide variety of open habitats , but not deep forest .

it is one of the most common birds in cultivated areas .

they appear to be nomadic , roaming from place to place regularly .

yellow - vented bulbul

juvenile yellow - vented bulbul at hindhede nature park . photo credit : francis yap
english : yellow - vented bulbul , dark - capped bulbul , black - eyed bulbul , white - eared bulbul , garden bulbul ; french : bulbul commun , bulbul des jardins ; german : graubülbül ; spanish : bulbul naranjero .
yellow - vented bulbul ( pycnonotus goiavier ) is a species of bird in the pycnonotidae family .
english : madagascar bulbul , madagascar black bulbul , comoro bulbul , comoro black bulbul ; french : bulbul malgache , bulbul des comores ; german : madagaskarfluchtvogel , rotschnabel - fluchtvogel ; spanish : bulbul negro .
english : ashy bulbul , brown - eared bulbul , chestnut bulbul ; french : bulbul à ailes vertes ; german : braunohrbülbül ; spanish : bulbul ahumado .
english : yellow - whiskered bulbul ; french : bulbul à moustaches jaunes ; german : gelbbartbülbül ; spanish : bulbul de bigotes amarillos .
observations of the behaviour of the yellow - vented bulbul , pycnonotus goiavier ( scopoli ) in two instances of failed nesting .
the diet of yellow - vented bulbul ( pycnonotus goiavier ) in durafarm oil palm plantation , sarawak , mal . . .
english : joyful bulbul ; french : bulbul joyeux ; german : dotterbülbül ; spanish : bulbul feliz .
english : crested bulbul , red - eared bulbul ; french : bulbul orphée ; german : rotohrbülbül ; spanish : bulbul de bigotes rojos .
english : lesser icterine bulbul ; french : bulbul ictérin ; german : zeisigbülbül ; spanish : bulbul icterino .
english : straw - crowned bulbul ; french : bulbul á tête jaune ; german : gelbscheitelbülbül ; spanish : bulbul bigotudo .
the first time ck kim had a pair of yellow - vented bulbuls ( pycnonotus goiavier ) nesting in . . .
french : bulbul à ventre rouge ; german : russbülbül ; spanish : bulbul ventrirrojo .
english : shelley ' s bulbul ; french : bulbul des monts masukus ; german : shelleybülbül ; spanish : bulbul de shelley .
english : red - tailed bulbul ; french : bulbul à barbe blanche ; german : swainsonbülbül ; spanish : bulbul de cola roja .
english : ashy - fronted bearded bulbul ; french : bulbul flavéole ; german : weisskehlbülbül ; spanish : bulbul barbudo de frente ahumado .
french : bulbul d ' arabie ; german : gelbsteißbülbül ; spanish : bulbul capirotado ; .
french : bulbul crinon oriental ; german : haarbülbül ; spanish : bulbul de lomo verde .
french : bulbul à collier noir ; german : rüttelbülbül ; spanish : bulbul de collar negro .
french : bulbul à gorge jaune ; german : gelbkehlnicator ; spanish : bulbul de garganta amarilla .
the plain dark - and - white patterns on yellow - vented bulbul and on white - eared bulbul are relieved by conspicuous yellow undertail coverts ( neither is shown in these particular poses ) ; red - whiskered has a prominent red spot ( ear - tuft ) behind the eye . other fairly similar species ( e . g . , red - vented bulbul p . cafer in india , sooty - headed bulbul p . aurigaster in southeast asia ) have bright red undertail coverts .
“the yellow - vented bulbul ( pycnonotus goiavier analis ) is a common bird and a delight to watch . been seeing numerous nests in recent weeks and occasionally had an opportunity to watch feeding behaviour .
on 14th june 2008 , a pair of yellow - vented bulbul ( pycnonotus goiavier ) suddenly arrived in my garden and perched on the branches of a tree . the vocalisation of the pair was unfamiliar .
heather goessel’s image of the yellow - vented bulbul below shows the bird eating the flowers of the starfruit ( averrhoa carambola ) . according to heather this bulbul loves the starfruit flowers and appears several times a day to snack on them . obviously the … continued
5 . 5 in ( 14 cm ) ; 0 . 88 oz ( 25 g ) . upperparts dark green , head tinged gray . short yellow stripe above the eye , bordered on top with a black line , cheeks grayish . yellow throat , undertail greenish yellow , yellow tip on tail . conspicuous yellow wing spots . sexes alike . juvenile resembles adult , but greener fore - head and less yellow on throat .
the black bulbul ( hypsipetes leucocephalus ) , also known as the himalayan black bulbul or asian black bulbul , is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds . it is found in southern asia from india east to southern china .
photos © don roberson , except the yellow - wattled bulbul © blake t . matheson and used with permission ; all rights reserved .
the yellow - vented bulbul is one of the most familiar birds in the parks and gardens . it can often be seen feeding on small flowering shrubs such as the sendudok ( melastoma malabaricum ) and simpoh air ( dillenia suffructicosa ) .
hypsipetes flavala blyth , 1845 . some authors consider races of chestnut bulbul ( hemixos castanonotus ) as races of the ashy bulbul .
138 - yellow - billed chough pyrrhocorax graculus ( resident in the valley ) .
islam , k . , and r . n . williams .
red - vented bulbul ( pycnonotus cafer ) , red - whiskered bulbul ( pycnonotus jocosus ) .
in the birds of north america . 520 ( 2000 ) .
english : finch - billed bulbul ; french : bulbul á gros bec ; german : fimkenbülbül ; spanish : pico de pinzón copetón .
whenever i am in my garden and hear this somewhat gurgling call , i know that the yellow - vented bulbuls ( pycnonotus goiavier ) are nesting in a tree nearby ( video above ) . the bulbul would initially be somewhere among the branches of the wayside … continued
birds in the park are - - himalayan griffon vulture , laggar falcon , peregrine falcon , kestrel , indian sparrow hawk , egyptian vulture , white cheeked bulbul , yellow vented bulbul , paradise flycatcher , black partridge , cheer pheasant , khalij pheasant , golden oriole , spotted dove , collared dove , larks , shrikes , wheatears and buntings .
olive - yellow patch on wings . sexes alike . juvenile similar , but browner upperparts .
from
black - crested bulbul
to
black - capped bulbul , with split of multiple species . ( rasmussen & anderton 2005 , fishpool & tobias 2005 )
moments with a ' himalayan black bulbul ' . . . explored ! by rohit .
a pair of yellow - vented bulbuls ( pycnonotus goiavier ) built their nest in a hanging pot of orchid . the birds were extremely shy so it was difficult to capture their activities on camera . feeding behavior indicated that there were hungry chicks in … continued
7 . 8 in ( 20 cm ) ; 1 . 5–1 . 9 oz ( 43–55 g ) . one of the most brightly colored bulbuls , yellow - green upperparts , bright yellow chin and throat , golden - green underparts . olive tail edged with yellow . sexes alike . juvenile washed - out brown , greenish under - parts .
the characteristic distraction call of the yellow - vented bulbuls ( pycnonotus goiavier ) in my garden has been going on for more than a week now link . the eggs must have hatched as the adults were seen bringing food to the nest ( above , … continued
as only my second ever species of bulbul , the yellow - vented came as a bit of a contrast to the brown - eared ones of japan . while certainly one of the top ten most common birds i saw on the trip , it wasn ' t ubiquitous in the same way the brown - eared is and certainly considerably quieter . unlike in japan though , there are a number of species of bulbul present which makes identification slightly more effort , especially as there are a few similar looking species - the yellow rump but otherwise fairly drab colouration is distinctive here .
“i have shared on birds feeding on the nectar of the african tulip tree ( spathodea campanulata ) in the past link . “the brown - throated sunbirds and yellow vented bulbuls ( pycnonotus goiavier analis ) are regulars . but i have also seen little spiderhunters ( arachnothera … continued
“some time ago i posted on my long standing observations of the difference in social behaviour / organisation of yellow - vented bulbuls ( pycnonotus goiavier analis ) that dwell in cities and those in ‘rural’ environment . see : here . “wells 2007 states that ‘typical day - time social … continued
62 - himalayan bulbul pycnonotus leucoenys ( regularly encountered throughput the year in lower reached of palas ) .
this bulbul eat insects and other small invertebrates , and berries , fruits , seeds , buds and nectar .
the yellow - vented bulbul is one of the more common resident birds in singapore . found in most habitats except dense forest , it is now slowly getting less common in urban areas . a rather dull bird , the splash of yellow undertail coverts brings some colour to its brown plumage . its rich bubbling song is often heard in the early morning and late evening in urban gardens and parks , the bulbul builds its cup - shaped nest in the most surprising locations , often close to human habitation - garden shrubs , potted plants , artificial plants and baskets hung in garages and balconies . it does not recycle its nest or reuse the old materials .
english : leaflove ; french : bulbul à queue rousse ; german : uferbülbül ; spanish : amante de hojas .
the himalayan bulbul ( pycnonotus leucogenys ) , or white - cheeked bulbul , is a species of songbird in the bulbul family found in central asia . the himalayan bulbul is about 18 cm in length , with a wingspan of 25 . 5 - 28 cm and an average weight of 30 g . its head , throat , and crest are black and white . the back , side , and lengthy tail are brown , the underside is pale yellow . sexes have similar plumage . the song is a beautiful 4 - piece whistle , which resembles an accelerated oriole whistle . ( from wikipedia )
fishpool , l . , tobias , j . & de juana , e . ( 2018 ) . yellow - vented bulbul ( pycnonotus goiavier ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
identification : adult has brown upperparts , dark crown and loral stripe , broad white supercilium , white throat , whitish underparts with vague streaks and yellow vent .
11 . 5 in ( 29 cm ) . large bulbul with orange - yellow crown and cheek , white throat lined with black on top , and large bill . whitish belly and orange rump , olive - green back and wings . sexes alike . juvenile duller with brownish head .
8 . 6 in ( 22 cm ) . large , olive - green bulbul with prominent blackish crest and stout , pale - yellow , finchlike bill . gray fore - head , blackish throat , broad blackish green tail . sexes alike . juvenile resembles adult , but browner head and throat .
brosset , a .
the social life of the african forest yellow - whiskered greenbull andropadus latirostris .
z . tierpsychol . 60 ( 1981 ) : 239–255 .
bulbuls ( p . cafer ) , were introduced to the hawaiian island of o ' ahu in the late 1960s . populations of both birds have dramatically increased . red - vented bulbuls are now found across the island , while the red - whiskered bulbul is found throughout southeastern areas . these birds are considered serious pests and threats to native bird populations .
the rare blue - wattled bulbul may be a hybrid ( williams 2002 ) , but more evidence needed ( dickinson and dekker 2002 ) .
156 - black and yellow grosbeak mycerobas icterioides ( the most common grosbeak recorded in the valley , occasionally observed as a winter resident as well as breeding in the valley ) .
5 . 9 in ( 15 cm ) ; 0 . 5–0 . 8 oz ( 15–25 g ) . top of head and upper - parts olive green , uppertail rusty , rump feathers long and fluffy . chin and throat sulfur yellow , breast and belly yellow washed with green . reddish tail . sexes alike . juvenile resembles adult but upperparts greener and washed brownish breast and throat .
bulbuls can be quite aggressive towards members of their own species , and other species as well . some , such as the puff - throated bulbul ( criniger pallidus ) and the mountain bulbul ( hypsipetes mcclellandii ) will aggressively mob birds of prey . if the face - off is against a bulbul of the same species , the threat display may be different than against other birds . among pycnonotus , there are roughly three to seven threat displays . these include tail - flicking , tail - spreading , crest - raising , undertail - covert spreading , wing - flicking - and - spreading , and crouch display ( the latter may also be an appeasement display ) . the red - vented bulbul has been observed attacking birds by poking with its bill . the red - tailed greenbul ( criniger calurus ) and other criniger bulbuls will puff out their fluffy beard - like throat feathers , both as a preening gesture and as an aggressive display .
this bulbul is found in broad - leaved forests , cultivation and gardens mainly in hilly areas , but himalayan populations are known to sometimes descend into the adjoining plains in winter .
7 . 5–8 . 3 in ( 19–21 cm ) ; 1 . 3–1 . 5 oz ( 38–45 g ) . large bulbul ; breast and head gray , few black bristles on hindneck and mantle . mantle , rump , and wings yellow - green olive . tail bright rust - maroon . chin and throat white , appears puffy and beard - like , creamy belly . sexes alike . juvenile resembles adult .
zuccon , d . , and p . g . p . ericson . 2010 . the phylogenetic position of the black - collared bulbul neolestes torquatus . ibis 152 : 386 - 392 .
19–20·5 cm ; 24–37 g . medium - sized , noisy , conspicuous bulbul with stubby , erectile crest . nominate race has broad supercilium , crown side , cheeks and throat white . . .
himalayan bulbul length is about 18 cm , wingspan of 25 . 5 to 28 cm and the weight of an average of about 30 g . bird ' s head , throat , and crest are black and white . the back side , and a lengthy tail are brown , the underside and pale yellow . both sexes have the same color . the song is a beautiful 4 - piece whistle , which resembles an accelerated oriole whistle .
although most bulbuls prefer areas with lots of green vegetation , a small number are found in drier scrub habitats , especially pycnonotus . the african red - eyed bulbul ( pycnonotus nigricans ) occupies drier areas , including savanna , semiarid scrub , and bushy hillsides . the northern brownbul ( phyllastrephus strepitans ) also prefers scrub , and is often the only bulbul present in the driest parts of its range .
it was recently learned , however , that the enigmatic black - collared bulbul neolestes torquatus of central africa — which some had proposed might be a shrike — is in fact within the bulbul lineage ( zuccon & ericson 2010 ) . its origin goes back to the base of that lineage , and there is more to learn about its affinities , but it is not a shrike and is , for now , a bulbul . on the other hand , five species of assumed
greenbuls
in madagascar , now known as tetrakas ( genus bernieria , xanthornixis ) , are in a new family , the bernieridae .
a black bulbul ( hypsipetes leucocephalus ) was inspecting the right choice fruits for the taking under afternoon sunshine from a twig . the sweet colour tones of the bird specially the beak was just looking gorgeous against that beautiful yellow - green bokeh backdrop . i liked the way the bird posed with the leaves standing in symmetry with perfect distances . it seems like a painting with sweet lighting . pics was taken from great himalayan national park under tirthan range , himachal pradesh , india .
8 . 6 in ( 22 cm ) . brownish crest , back olive - brown , lemon - yellow breast and belly , white fluffy throat . wings and tail have rusty tinge . sexes alike . juvenile resembles adult but crest not as prominent and browner belly .
my macarthur palm ( ptychosperma macarthurii ) is fruiting again . i only noticed it during the late evening of 5th march 2018 . the palm was bearing long bunches of ripening yellow and orange fruits ( below ) . on that evening , i only managed to … continued
there are at least 50 species of african greenbuls in the
african clade
that evolved in sub saharan africa . most are hard - to - see forest birds . some are canopy species , such as slender - billed greenbul ( left ) , but others are undergrowth skulkers and some bear names like brownbuls or bristlebills . some join mixed species flocks , including the brown - bodied gray - capped leaf - love phyllastrephus scandens , and the very green - and - yellow yellow - bellied greenbul ( below ) . many are birds of lowland forests , including leaf - love and yellow - bellied greenbul , but there is a set of montane species also ( roy 1997 ) . johansson et al . ( 2007 ) proposed a new phylogeny for the african greenbuls , dramatically shifting the species sequence into 13 genera .
apparently monogamous ; holds same breeding territory for several years . nest often exposed , two grayish eggs spotted with yellow , red , and gray ; spots form
cap
on end . incubation by female , while male stays nearby and sings . young fed by both parents .
sadly , the species with the most celebrated song , the straw - headed bulbul ( pycnonotus zeylanicus ) is now threatened as a result of being highly prized and traded for its voice . described as
a prolonged series of magnificently warbled notes , richer and more powerful by far than the songs of such celebrated performers as the nightingale and the blackbird ,
the song of the straw - headed bulbul is by no means typical of the pycnonotidae .
typically found singly or in pairs , may forage in larger groups . unusually silent for a bulbul , has soft song of
chip , wa - da - tee , chee - tu , ti - wew .
nonmigratory .
only the atriceps race of black - headed bulbul pycnonotus atriceps ( left ) is not well - differentiated from bornean populations , as it is from the most recent invasion . but whether borneo - palawan populations of black - headed bulbul should be split from mainland asian populations is not yet known . given the general molecular diversity between island populations and the asian mainland , i suspect that there will be evidence to support another split sometime ' down the road . '
this bulbul is found in broad - leaved forests , cultivation and gardens mainly in hilly areas , but himalayan populations are known to sometimes descend into the adjoining plains in winter . the western ghats birds may make movements related to rain .
7 . 4 in ( 19 cm ) , 1 . 2–1 . 6 oz ( 35–46 g ) . black head with white eye - ring . brownish underparts , white in center of belly . conspicuous yellow undertail ( vent ) . sexes alike . juvenile resembles adult , but head brown .
although bulbuls are a morphologically and ecologically homogenous group , they evolved into two lineages eons ago : an asian clade and an african clade ( pasquet et al . 2001 , moyle & marks 2006 ) . it makes logical sense to call those in the asian clade
bulbuls ,
and those in the african clade
greenbuls
( johansson et al . 2007 ) . the brown - breasted bulbul of china ( right ) is a pycnonotus bulbul within that asian clade , but so is the black - fronted bulbul of southern africa shown above . rather , the asian clade arose in asia and then expanded westward , bring some
asian bulbuls
to africa , where there are now three common species of pycnonotus . bulbuls in the asian clade are often gray and white , or brown and white — as is brown - breasted bulbul — while the vast majority of the
greenbuls
in africa are primarily green or olive in color .
dowsett , r . j . , s . l . olson , m . s . roy , and f . dowsett - lemaire .
systematic status of the black - collared bulbul neolestes torquatus .
ibis 141 ( 1999 ) : 22–28 .
in 1960 a population of red - whiskered bulbuls ( pycnonotus jocosus ) became established in florida when a few birds escaped while being transported from one aviary to another . this population had increased to 500 birds by 1973 , at which time it was still expanding in a southerly direction . redwhiskered bulbuls also became established in los angeles county , california , in 1968 . both the red - whiskered and red - vented
the black bulbul is 24–25 cm in length , with a long tail . the body plumage ranges from slate grey to shimmering black , depending on the race . the beak , legs , and feet are all red and the head has a black fluffy crest .
7 . 1 in ( 18 cm ) ; 0 . 7–1 . 2 oz ( 22–35 g ) . head and hindneck olive brown , long black bristles on hindneck . bright yellow under - parts contrast with olive flanks . white conspicuous
beard ,
often puffed out . sexes alike . juvenile resembles adult but is dull cinnamon on wings .
several bulbuls show a preference for water and are found alongside rivers and forest streams . the gray - olive bulbul ( phyllastrephus cerviniventris ) is one such bird . infrequently entering the forest , this smallish bulbul frequently inhabits streamside thickets . primarily an insect eater in zambia , it is especially fond of feeding on logs that have fallen across streams or ravines . the swamp greenbul ( thescelocichla leucopleura ) and the leaf - love ( pyrrhurus scandens ) are also partial to water , both prefer swampy areas with luxuriant vegetation and palm trees , especially raphia and the oil palm elaeis .
6 . 3–7 . 5 in ( 16–19 cm ) ; 0 . 6–1 . 1 oz ( 19–32 g ) . upperparts and head sooty olive , rump with rufous tinge , back and wings brownish , tail dark reddish brown . bright yellow moustache stripes on sides of throat . sexes alike . juvenile resembles adult , but more dingy brown , no moustache .
6 . 3 in ( 16 cm ) , 0 . 7–1 oz ( 19–27 g ) . distinctive , forehead to hindneck gray , black mask continues down neck to form a broad black band across the white breast . back and tail olive - greenish brown , wings with yellow stripe . sexes alike . juvenile resembles adult but duller , crown and neck greenish .
himalayan bulbul habitat are at the and forests , and in the rich shrub layer . he also appear gardens and roadsides . sometimes you can also find him in the gardens and parks where human visitors , who would leave food . this invites flies and other insects that are its main food .
3 . 6–4 . 2 in ( 93–107 mm ) , 0 . 8–2 . 1 oz ( 23–60 g ) . thrush - sized with dark , slightly crested head , dark eye - ring and black bill . grayish brown upperparts and breast , white belly and white or yellow undertail . sexes alike , female slightly smaller . juvenile duller than adult with rusty tones .
the author has tried to study the food and feeding habits of bulbul . good . however , the classification of prey items is confusing . because the order hemiptera is divided into two sub divisions such as homoptera and heteroptera . hence when you are discussing about homoptera , you can not say again as hemiptera .
5 . 9 in ( 15 cm ) ; 1 . 1–1 . 9 oz ( 33–53 g ) . gray head , back gray - olive , bright , rusty tail , feathers of tail and rump fluffy . some black bristles on nape of neck and near bill . belly creamy whitish yellow . sexes alike . juvenile mostly olive - gray with rusty wash , chin and underparts white , undertail pale rust .
red - vented bulbuls feed on fruits , petals of flowers , nectar , insects and occasionally geckos . they build their nests in bushes at a height of around 2–3 m ( 6 . 6–9 . 8 ft ) two or three eggs is a typical clutch . nests are occasionally built inside houses or in a hole in a mud bank . in one instance , a nest was found on a floating mat of water hyacinth leaves and another observer noted a pair nesting inside a regularly used bus . nests in tree cavities have also been noted .
mammals in the park include - - asiatic leopard ( t ) , wild boar ( c ) , golden jackal ( c ) , rhesus macaque ( v ) , leopard cat ( r ) , gray goral sheep ( v ) , barking deer ( v ) , chinkara gazelle ( r ) , red fox ( c ) , pangolin ( r ) , porcupine ( c ) , yellow throated marten ( r ) and fruit bats ( c ) .
most insect - eating bulbuls forage on and among vegetation , but will also sally for insects in the air and hunt along the ground on fallen logs and branches . many favor caterpillars and dragonflies , and several species have been found attending swarms of army ants . the yellow - bellied greenbul ( chlorocichla flaviventris ) frequently forages on antelopes , landing on the animal and grooming its head , ears , and even eyes , presumably searching for small insects in the antelope ' s coat .
the straw - headed bulbul ( pycnonotus zeylanicus ) is now threatened as a result of being highly prized for its voice and hence traded as a caged bird . listed on appendix ii of cites , some measures have been taken to protect this bird , but it is still widely traded , and captive - breeding programs are subject to theft . habitat protection might also help as long as areas are guarded .
the outward radiation of asian bulbuls includes the dispersal of bulbuls to islands in the indian ocean . one of those is madagascar bulbul ( right ) , which is a sooty color with a black cap and red bill . endemic bulbuls on madagascar , the seychelles ( hypsipetes crassirostris ) , réunion ( h . borbonicus ) , mauritius ( h . olivaceus ) and the comoros ( h . parvirostris ; probably two species here ) are all most closely related to other sooty bulbuls in india and asia . although the indian ocean islands are much closer to africa today than they are to india , all appear to be evolved from asian ancestors ( warren et al . 2005 ) . all are fairly similar , differing in eye color ( the reunion bulbul is white - eyed ) or belly color , and in vocalizations .
most bulbuls are found in pairs , or in small groups that tend to be family parties and often include juveniles . mostly monogamous and territorial , except for the yellow - whiskered greenbul ( pycnonotus latirostris ) , a lekking species , some bulbuls will form groups that defend a large home range together . both the leaf - love and the swamp greenbul will gather and chorus to defend communal territory . in the case of the swamp greenbul , the loud vocalizations are accompanied by displays of spread wings and tail .
many other species occur in abundance , including : rhesus macaque red fox , jackal , himalayan ibex , grey goral , stone marten , yellow - throated pine - marten , stoat , white - footed weasel , weasel , small kashmir flying squirrel , giant - red flying - squirrel , royle’s pika , indian crested porcupine , long - tailed marmot , black rat , turkestan rat , house mouse , wood mouse , birch mouse , burrowing vole and shrew , vole and at least two species of bat pipistrellus .
the himalayan bulbul ( pycnonotus leucogenys ) is a species of songbird in the pycnonotidae family . if they are mixed with humans from a young age , they will become friendly to humans . it is found in the northern regions of the indian subcontinent as well as some adjoining areas . it is found in afghanistan , bhutan , india , nepal , pakistan and tajikistan . it is the national bird of bahrain .
the majority of the pycnonotidae are nonmigratory , either sedentary or only locally nomadic . banding and recapture records from asia indicate that some bulbuls remain in the same few hundred yard area for several years . a handful of the cooler - climate , temperate - zone species , such as the black bulbul ( hypsipetes madagascariensis ) , are partly migratory . flocks of several hundred of these birds move to southern china in winter .
this bulbul is preparing a small cup - shaped nest , made of herbs , roots and twigs . the nest is usually built in the bush or low tree branch . the female lays usually three eggs , which are incubated for 12 days . the chicks leave the nest 9–11 days old . flips are evaluated as two or three during the summer . during the breeding of this bird is very combative towards other birds
this bulbul is preparing a small cup - shaped nest , made of herbs , roots and twigs . the nest is usually built in the bush or low tree branch . the female lays usually three eggs , which are incubated for 12 days . the chicks leave the nest 9–11 days old . flips are evaluated as two or three during the summer . during the breeding of this bird is very combative towards other birds .
the taxonomy is complex with this and several other currently recognized species earlier treated as subspecies of hypsipetes madagascariensis . within asia , ganeesa has often been considered as a subspecies of h . leucocephalus , but is here treated as a separate species restricted to the western ghats ( south of somewhere near bombay ) and sri lanka , the square - tailed black bulbul . the subspecies from sri lanka humii is then placed under this species .
forest , open woodland , gardens , and cultivated areas all constitute bulbul habitat . essentially arboreal birds , the majority of pycnonotids live in or next to forested areas , but many are well adapted to human - made habitats . many bulbuls show a preference for a particular level of the forest canopy . so as long as there is enough fruit and insects , a relatively small area of forest may support a large number of birds .
the taxonomy is complex with this and several other currently recognized species earlier treated as subspecies of hypsipetes madagascariensis . within asia , h . ganeesa has often been listed as a subspecies of h . leucocephalus , but is increasingly treated as a separate species restricted to the western ghats ( south of somewhere near bombay ) and sri lanka , the square - tailed black bulbul . the subspecies from sri lanka humii is then placed under this species .
the black bulbul is 24–25 cm in length , with a long tail . the body plumage ranges from slate grey to shimmering black , depending on the race . the beak , legs , and feet are all red and the head has a black fluffy crest . sexes are similar in plumage , but young birds lack the crest , have whitish underparts with a grey breast band , and have a brown tint to the upperparts . they have a black streak behind the eye and on the ear coverts .
the black bulbul is 24–25 cm in length , with a long tail . the body plumage ranges from slate grey to shimmering black , depending on the race . the beak , legs , and feet are all orange and the head has a black fluffy crest . sexes are similar in plumage , but young birds lack the crest , have whitish underparts with a grey breast band , and have a brown tint to the upperparts . they have a black streak behind the eye and on the ear coverts .
some bulbuls are common and easily seen , making them very familiar to old world birders in either asia or africa . an african example is black - fronted bulbul ( left ) , widespread in southern africa . it is in the genus pycnonotus , which has more than 40 species spread from south africa to japan . it is curious and conspicuous and , like most bulbuls , is a generalist forager . it is equally adept at eating insect and small vertebrates as it is in finding fruit , berries , or pollen .
also controversial is the placement of two of the endemic african genera neolestes and nicator . the striking plumage of the black - collared bulbul ( neolestes torquatus ) allies it with the shrikes ( malaconotidae , laniidae , or prionopidae ) , dna data ally it with other bulbuls . similarly , nicator has also been allied with the shrikes , but feather protein and dna evidence suggest the birds are bulbuls . because the three nicator species and neolestes lack a thin sheet of nostril - covering bone that is present in the rest of the bulbuls , they are sometimes placed elsewhere .
taxonomy aside , bulbuls are an interesting component of the old world avifauna . many are skulkers in lowland forests . others , such as mountain bulbul ( left , in china ) are found only in the highlands . many others , as we have seen , are island endemics . although almost all bulbuls are now considered
resident ,
they have obviously shown the potential to evolve and to disperse over long distances , including over substantial oceanic barriers . the sheer number of species is staggering and can be daunting for the traveling birder . and we are just now finding out that we know very little about them at all .
the bulbul diet spans the range of fruits and berries to insects and other arthropods , as well as small vertebrates such as frogs , snakes , and lizards . a few eat nectar and pollen . the jaw apparatus of pycnonotids is rather generalized compared to other passeriform birds , and while some pycnonotids eat mainly fruit or insects , most can and do have a mixed diet . this flexibility may be critical during the dry season : since most bulbuls are non - migratory , they must take advantage of the food sources available within in their range , which can mean shifting to feeding on more plant matter when insects are not as abundant .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
ioc _ names _ file _ plus - 8 . 2g : 8 . 2
is a recently described species ( woxvold et al . 2009 ) . it is sister to
is in prevailing usage . based on
turdoïde de gourdin
of homblon & jacquinot , 1844 referenced in gray , 1847 . see mayr & greenway , 1960 ( peters checklist , ix )
nigeria to s sudan , w kenya . s drcongo , nw zambia and n angola
now considered to be a plumage variant of icterine greenbul ( collinson et al . 2017 )
rwenzori mts , itombwe and mt . kabobo ( e drcongo ) , w uganda , w rwanda and n burundi
montane tiny greenbul is split from { lowland ] tiny greenbul [ fuchs et al . 2011a ]
based on genetic studies . but genetic divergence may support species status . manawatthana et al . 2017
as a junior synonym . fishpool & tobias , 2005 . the population from sabah is vocally and genetically distinct and likely represents an unnamed taxon . the subspecies epithet
( type speciemen from e kalimantan ) has been erroneously applied to this population . eaton et al 2016 , rheindt in . litt . ( see manawatthana et al . 2017 ) .
kuroda , 1922 as a synonym . permanently invalid . dickinson & christidis , 2014 .
dalupiri , calayan and fuga is . ( n of luzon in n philippines )
is a member of the afrotropical clade of bulbuls ( pycnonotidae ( johansson et al . 2008 , zuccon & ericson 2010 )
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as common throughout its range and abundant in lowland and mid - altitude areas of borneo ( del hoyo et al . 2005 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be increasing rapidly as this species benefits from deforestation and the creation of artificial habitats ( del hoyo et al . 2005 ) .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
se asian–sundaic subspecies and philippine subspecies form two distinct groups on basis of genetic studies # r # r , which reveal deep mtdna divergence , combined with clear differences in dawn song # r ; may be better treated as two separate species , but further study needed . proposed race personatus ( sumatra ) indistinguishable from analis ; similarly , karimuniensis ( karimunjawa i , n of java ) merged with gourdini . spelling gourdini is a justified emendation of original yourdini . six subspecies provisionally recognized .
deignan , 1955 – s myanmar ( tenasserim s from 12 . 5° n ) , c & s thailand , laos ( expanding n along the mekong and its major tributaries
– peninsular malaysia , sumatra ( including riau and lingga archipelagos , bangka , belitung ) , java ( including kangean is ) , bali , lombok and sumbawa .
g . r . gray , 1847 – borneo ( including maratua i , off e coast ) and karimunjawa i ( n of java ) .
– n & c philippines from luzon , polillo is and mindoro s , including most smaller islands , to panay , guimaras , negros and masbate .
rand & rabor , 1960 – c philippines ( ticao , samar , biliran , buad , cebu , olango , camotes , leyte , bohol ) .
mearns , 1909 – s philippines , from dinagat , nipa and camiguin sur s to mindanao ( including several offshire islets ) , basilan and sulu archipelago ( east bolod and west bolod s to sanga - sanga and bongao ) .
introduced in s sulawesi around ujung pandang ( analis ) and , recently , on buton i ( presumed same race ) .
song a choppy musical stream of notes , varied and difficult to transcribe . dawn song relatively . . .
coastal scrub , pioneer sea - dune scrub , semi - open banks and shoals of large rivers , scattered bushes . . .
an opportunist and generalist , with very broad foraging niche . diet primarily fruits , also seeds and nectar ; also large quantities of . . .
dec–oct ; nests found in all months in tropical regions ; multi - brooded . nest a deep cup , typically of dry grass stems and blades , . . .
resident , subject to some dispersive movements . non - breeding aggregations form , including large . . .
not globally threatened . common in se asia ; first recorded in c laos , along r mekong , in 1966 , and has since then rapidly spread north , along r mekong and some major . . .
only subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !
g . r . gray , the author of this name ( gen . birds 1 p . [ 237 ] ) spells this
the basis for and validity of the altered spelling
gourdini
, as employed here and elsewhere , is unknown to me .
the original description in this case amounts merely to gray ' s introduction of the name , as
p . yourdini
, together with his reference to hombron & jacquinot ( voyage au pole sud et dans l ' océanie sur les corvettes l ' astrolabe et la zélée : pendant les années 1837–1838–1839–1840 . plate 14 , fig 1 of their atlas ) .
as gray ' s name lacks any sort of description , it would be unavailable but for art . 12 . 2 . 7 , which for names published before 1931 permits their availability if presented
. . . in association with an illustration . . . or with a bibliographic reference to such an illustration . . .
( art . 12 . 2 . 7 ) . gray does indeed refer to such an illustration , namely the one noted above , where the figure is labelled :
the plate therefore becomes an intrinsic part of the od , as it is required in order to enable availability .
our opinion is that the use of the spelling
gourdin
on the plate , with an indisputable link to the species , amounts to
. . . clear evidence of an inadvertent error . . .
and as such requires that the spelling be corrected ( art . 32 . 5 . 1 ) . thus we agree with peters ( 9 : 247 ) in using the emended form . the use of
yourdini
in cbbm 6 : 140 does not come into play , as it unquestionably forms no part of the od .
only members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !
as currently constituted probably polyphyletic ; in - depth analysis of morphology , voice , behaviour and genetics required to redefine its limits . in past , included numerous other genera .
get access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 € ( instead of 59 . 90 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 € ( instead of 89 . 85 € )
supporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .
view more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 € ( instead of 89 . 9 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 € ( instead of 134 . 85 € )
there is a registration fee of 20€ . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won’t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .
if you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .
this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
no flash player has been set up . please select a player to play flash videos .
an individual in a tree , preening , eating insects in spiderwebs , and flying away .
this is one of the more common bulbuls on bali and i found it nesting in the garden of the palm garden hotel in sanur .
josep del hoyo , philip griffin , pieter de groot boersma , green3birdy , juan sanabria , mkennewell , nick talbot , keith blomerley , desmond allen , rusli , joe angseesing , yoël jimenez .
lukasz michal pulawski , marcos wei , lmarce , gerrit alink , luke matam , bent . ronsholdt , paul van giersbergen , brunojadurand , bluesrock , nick talbot , ian barker , gerard visser , ken havard , arodris , marco valentini , jacob . wijpkema , djop tabaranza , guy poisson , sammy paran , lars petersson , tomas grim , manakincarmelo , mehdhalaouate , subirshakya , chairunas adha putra , pablopg , billonneau jean claude , nimali digo and thilanka edirisinghe , christophe gouraud , khaleb yordan , frédéric pelsy , dannie polley , lousca , william ip , bruce ramsay , colintrainor , rose69 , holger teichmann .
all ranks domain kingdom subkingdom phylum subphylum superclass class subclass infraclass superorder order suborder infraorder superfamily family subfamily tribe subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety group ( polytypic ) group ( monotypic ) species split life sp . ssp . intra - specific hybrid interspecific hybrid intergeneric hybrid species pair
all records ( accepted , rejected , pending ) . to filter / search please enter a phrase . e . g . to filter rejected records , type rejected into the search box , all columns can be filtered .
have you seen something interesting ? click submit to share your rare bird sightings via our simple form .
© 2018 birdguides , warners group publications plc . all rights reserved . company registered in england no . 2572212 | vat registration no . gb 638 3492 15
this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : pycnonotus goiavier . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
this species ranges from indochina , thailand , peninsular malaysia , singapore to sumatra , borneo , java , bali , lombok and the philippines .
when not foraging , it spends most of the time in comfort behaviour like bathing , followed by preening .
the call has been documented on video : adult here and juvenile here . .
the nest is a cup - shaped structure of plant materials , sometimes incorporated with used used plastic bag and tissue paper .
an adult was found entangled in a large spider ' s web but after much struggling , managed to free itself . a chick fell or was pushed from its nest and rescued - see here . it was cared for until fully recovered - see here .
4 . insects that include ants , alate termites , grasshoppers , beetles , caterpliiars , etc . much of these are taken from the air , especially alate ants and termites ,
snatched by rocketing up vertically from an exposed perch into swarms passing overhead…” according to wells ( 2007 ) .
breeds all year round . the nest is cup - shaped , composing of dried plant matter like leaves , slender stems of creepers , fibres , twigs and even tissue paper . the clutch of 2 - 4 eggs takes 12 - 13 days to hatch and the chicks need 10 - 14 days to fledge . both adults help in incubating , leaving the nest regularly during the day to forage for food . only at night will one adult broods the chicks throughout the night . the first - hatched chick in a brood of two may indulge in sibilicide , kicking the younger out of the nest ( wee , 2003 ) . the fledglings are cared by both adults . although able to feed independently after four days or more , the adults remain caring for them for about a month ,
raffles museum of biodiversity research rmbr has its origins in the raffles museum which was founded in 1849 . established on…
developed by moving mouse © 2018 lee kong chian natural history museum . all rights reserved . terms of use .
it was recorded early in the morning . unfortunately , i was not able to get the image .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more
black bulbuls feed mainly on seeds and insects , and they are often seen in small groups , either roosting or flying about in search of food . they are particularly fond of berries . they are known to feed on a wide range of berries including celtis , rosa , melia and ehretia in the himalayas . the feed on the nectar of salmalia , erythrina , rhododendron and other species . they make aerial sallies for insects . they can be quite noisy , making various loud cheeping , mewing and grating calls . the himalayan form has been reported to make a call resembling a goat kid , throwing back its neck when calling .
it builds its nest in a tree or bush ; the nest is a cup placed in a fork and made from grasses , dry leaves , mosses , lichens and cobwebs . the lining is made up of ferns , rootlets and other soft material . both sexes participate in nest construction . two or three eggs form the usual clutch . in southern india , nesting activity begins from february and rises to a peak in may . the eggs hatch after an incubation period of 12 to 13 days and the chicks fledge after about 11 or 12 days . nest predators include birds of prey ( black - winged kite ) , snakes ( ptyas mucosus ) . adults of h . ganeesa have been known to be preyed on by the crested goshawk .
this article uses material from the wikipedia released under the creative commons attribution - share - alike licence 3 . 0 . please see license details for photos in photo by - lines .


cymbium marmoratum , commonly known as the marble cymbium volute , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family volutidae , the volutes .

cymbium marmoratum

bail p . & poppe g . t . 2001 . a conchological iconography : a taxonomic introduction of the recent volutidae . conchbooks , hackenheim . 30 pp , 5 pl . ( updated october 2008 for worms ) [ details ]
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
using cookies on urltoken shellauction uses cookies only for technical reasons and to facilitate and speed up your site navigation . by continuing to browse , you accept the use of cookies ; if you do not wish to receive them please disable them or not navigate this website further . more info cookies on urltoken
utilizzo dei cookies su urltoken shellauction utilizza i cookies esclusivamente per ragioni tecniche e per facilitare e velocizzare la navigazione del sito . continuando a navigare accetti l ' utilizzo dei cookies , se non desideri riceverli ti invitiamo a disabilitarli oppure a non navigare questo sito ulteriormente . altre informazioni sui cookies di urltoken
trawled at 30 - 40m . 1995 . gem - . from old collection . really top quality ! wonderful specimen . ( un )
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken