anacampsis tephriasella is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it was described by chambers in 1872 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from illinois , kentucky and maine .

the forewings are pale grey , about equally intermixed with white , becoming gradually darker grey and fuscous towards the tip , each of the darker scales tipped with white .

there is a small , very oblique white streak or spot on the costa , just behind the middle , and at the beginning of the costal ciliae the wing is crossed by a narrow white fascia .

an indistinct fuscous hinder marginal line or row of spots is found at the base of the ciliae .

anacampsis tephriasella

gelechia tephriasella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 4 ) : 68 ; tl : kentucky
anacampsis malella amsel , 1959 ; bull . soc . ent . egypt . 43 : 65
anacampsis sacramenta keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 362
gelechia ( anacampsis ) tristrigella walsingham , 1882 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 10 : 181
anacampsis languens meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 142 ; tl : ecuador , duran
anacampsis aedificata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; tl : brazil , para
anacampsis diplodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 76 ; tl : brazil , parintins
anacampsis embrocha meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 192 ; tl : new hanover
anacampsis flexiloqua meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : peru , iquitos
anacampsis idiocentra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , santarem
anacampsis nonstrigella busck , 1906 ; can . ent . 38 ( 4 ) : 121 ; tl : oak station , pennsylvania
anacampsis parviocellatella bruand , 1850 ; mém . soc . doubs 3 ( 3 , livr . 5 - 6 ) : 40
anacampsis petrographa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 79 ; tl : brazil , obidos
anacampsis poliombra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : brazil , parintins
anacampsis cosmia meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 77 ; tl : natal , durban
anacampsis lapidella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , grenada
anacampsis quinquepunctella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 80 ; tl : west indies , grenada
anacampsis conistica walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , sonora
anacampsis lithodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas , iquitos
anacampsis lupinella busck , 1901 ; can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 14 ; tl : high park , toronto , canada
anacampsis perquisita meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , para , teffé
anacampsis insularis walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , st . thomas
anacampsis solemnella ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; [ nhm card ]
anacampsis capyrodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins , teffé
anacampsis rivalis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : s . india , shevaroys ; ceylon , kandy
anacampsis ursula walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , morelos , cuernavaca
anacampsis fragariella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 760 ; tl : pullman , washington
anacampsis argyrothamniella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231 ; tl : palm beach , florida
anacampsis primigenia meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : colombia , cali , 500ft ; ecuador , huigra , 4500ft
anacampsis cornifer walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 79 ; tl : west indies , st . croix ; st . thomas
anacampsis paltodoriella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 848 ; tl : mesilla park , new mexico
anacampsis triangularis braun , 1923 ; proc . calif . acad . sci . ( 4 ) 12 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : angeles bay , lower california
anacampsis considerata meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos , teffé ; peru , jurimaguas , iquitos
anacampsis phytomiella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 8 ; tl : alhajuela , cabima and porto bello , panama
anacampsis coverdalella kearfott , 1903 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 11 : 162 , pl . 9 , f . 13 ; tl : natchitoches parish , louisiana
anacampsis rhabdodes walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 36 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
anacampsis lagunculariella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 230 , pl . 1 , f . 6 ; tl : palm beach , florida
anacampsis primigenia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list )
anacampsis psoraliella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 226 , pl . 28 , f . 10 ; tl : iowa , sioux city
anacampsis meibomiella forbes , 1931 ; j . agric . porto rico 15 ( 4 ) : 376 , pl . 42 , f . 16 ; tl : puerto rico ,
e . e . a . de cuba
anacampsis populella ; [ nacl ] , # 2246 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31 ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 173 ; [ fe ]
anacampsis niveopulvella ; busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761 ; [ nacl ] , # 2243 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31
anacampsis ( anacampsini ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list ) ; [ fe ]
anacampsis quinquepunctella ; walsingham , 1910 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; meyrick , 1929 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
anacampsis lagunculariella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 78 ; busck , 1914 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 2240 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31
820x623 ( ~ 87kb ) russia , moscow area , 14 . 8 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov
the exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .
compsolechia anisogramma meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353 ; tl : china , shanghai
larva on argyrothamnia blodgettii busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231
untomia cenelpis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 77 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
chlorodecta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197
compsolechia comparanda meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 506 ; tl : arizona , palmerlee ; texas , alpine
crypticopa ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( gelechia ) ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 384
larva on fragaria busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761
= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 14 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30
lita fuscella eversmann , 1844 ; fauna lep . volgo - uralensis . . . : 581
tachyptilia hirsutella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 256 , pl . 10 , f . 17 ; tl : alpes - maritimes
homoplasta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197
gelechia ( tachyptilia ) innocuella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 249 ; tl : texas
agriastis inquieta meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 253 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
aproaerema kearfottella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 842 ; tl : new jersey
compsolechia lacteochrella [ = lacteusochrella ] meyrick , 1925 ; in wytsman , genera insectorum 184 : 123 ( emend . )
larva on laguncularia racemosa busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231
strobisia levipedella clemens , 1863 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 : 4
compsolechia lignaria meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 292 ; tl : e . siberia , khaborowsk
larva on lupinus perennis busck , 1901 , can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 15
maculatella ( lucas , 1956 ) ( tachyptilia ) ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 256
gelechia multinotata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 134 ; tl : british guiana , bartica , mallali
gelechia niveopulvella chambers , 1875 ; can . ent . 7 ( 11 ) : 210 ; tl : canada
agriastis nocturna meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 252 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
tachyptilia panormitella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 106
agriastis peloptila meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
gelechia pomaceella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 620 ; tl : ega
= ; park , 2001 , insecta koreana . 18 ( 1 ) : ( 87 - 90 )
larva on populus tremula , salix caprea , s . alba , s . spp .
agriastis prasina meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
larva on croton scouleri , exedeconus miersii landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 737
larva on prunus salicina park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121
gelechia subactella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 30 : 1026 ; tl : australia ?
larva on salix phylicifolia , s . caprea , s . lapponum , s . repens
cathegesis tridentella walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 28 , pl . 1 , f . 24 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
tachyptila trifoliella constant , 1890 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1889 : cxxv
gelechia ( teleia ) viretella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 340 , pl . 4 , f . 110
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
expedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths
icones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )
the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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regions of the russian federation : gorno - altai , transbaikalia , lower amur , prealtay , of baikal , pribaikalskiy , seaside , mid - amur , south kuril .
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species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
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colias gigantea , the giant sulphur or giant northern sulfur , is a butterfly in the family pieridae found in north america .

its range includes alaska across canada to the east coast and wyoming , montana , and oregon .

flight period is from june until early august .

wingspan is from 37 to 55 mm .

larvae feed on salix spp .

colias gigantea

dana campbell set
image of colias gigantea
as an exemplar on
colias gigantea strecker 1900
.
giant sulphur ( colias gigantea gigantea ) . churchill , man . j . t . troubridge
colias gigantea mayi f . chermock and r . chermock , 1940 ( tsn 778499 )
for now pelham ( 2008 ) is followed and colias gigantea and c . scudderi are retained as separate species . hammond and mccorkle ( 2008 ) treat c . gigantea ( and its subspecies ) as subspecies of colias scudderi .
for now pelham ( 2008 ) is followed and colias gigantea and c . scudder i are retained as separate species . hammond and mccorkle ( 2008 ) treat c . gigantea ( and its subspecies ) as subspecies of colias scudderi .
b . c . conservation data centre . species summary : colias gigantea gigantea . b . c . minist . of environment . available : urltoken ( accessed jul 9 , 2018 ) .
there are three subspecies of colias gigantea recognized : c . g . gigantea , c . g . mayi and c . g . harroweri ( guppy and shepard 2001 ) . layberry et al . ( 1998 ) state
some authors treat gigantea as a subspecies of the western u . s . mountain species scudder ' s sulphur
. c . g . gigantea and c . g . mayi are documented in british columbia . c . c . gigantea is documented only from the extreme northwestern region of bc .
remarks : some authors treat gigantea as a subspecies of the western u . s . mountain species scudder ' s sulphur ( c . scudderi reakirt , 1865 ) .
the northwestern bc populations are the nominate subspecies c . g . gigantea strecker , 1900 ( tl :
west coast of hudson bay above fort york , [ manitoba ]
) . females are usually white ( occasionally yellow ) and males are a cold yellow with a narrow black wing border . atlin populations have been called c . pelidne or c . interior by some authors . the northeastern bc populations are subspecies mayi f . & r . chermock , 1940 ( tl : riding mountains , mb ) , with females usually yellow ( occasionally white ) and males a warmer yellow than the nominate subspecies . adults of subspecies mayi are much larger than those of subspecies gigantea .
c . g . gigantea are an overall yellowish colour , brighter in males and paler yellow to white in females . the males have a black border to both the fore and hind wing dorsal surfaces . there is a pinkish fringe outlining both the extreme wing edges . within the centre of the hindwing there is an obvious white spot . the wingspan ranges from 37 - 55 mm .
subspecies : the nominate subspecies gigantea occurs in most of the canadian range . subspecies harroweri , which is smaller , occurs from wyoming into southwestern alberta north to crowsnest pass . some authors believe that the larger form from southern manitoba , mayi f . & r . chermock , should be recognized as a separate subspecies ( klassen et al . , 1989 ) , but the differences are slight .
resident in northern north america and intermountain west ( scott 1986 ) . habitats are willow bogs . host plants are usually shrubs with hosts restricted to a few species mostly in one genus ( salix ) of family salicaceae . eggs are laid on the host plant singly . individuals overwinter as 2nd , 3rd or 4th instar larvae . there is one flight each year with the approximate flight time jun15 - jul15 ( scott 1986 ) . sometimes listed as a subspecies of colias scudderi ( scott 1986 ) .
diagnosis : this is one of the largest ( wingspan : 37 to 55 mm ) sulphurs found in canada . it is bright , lemon yellow above with a narrow black border on the upperside in the male . the dark border is largely absent in the female ; some females are white . there is a yellow spot in the centre of the hindwing and a bright pink fringe on the wings . the yellow underside has almost no dark shading and a silver , brown - rimmed spot in the middle of the hindwing .
range : a widespread western species , it is found from the arctic ocean in yukon , east along the northern limit of the boreal forest to the western shores of hudson bay and james bay , and southward into the western u . s . it is absent from open prairie habitats and from most of southern british columbia , except for a small area around jesmond and 100 mile house .
similar species : queen alexandra ' s sulphur ( c . alexandra ) lacks the pink fringe on the wings . the pink - edged sulphur ( c . interior ) is smaller , with more rounded wings , and has an orange spot in the middle of the hindwing above . the pelidne sulphur ( c . pelidne ) is smaller , and has dusky shading on the underside of the hindwing , often with pink shading over the white spot . [ compare images ]
early stages : the larvae feed on a variety of willows ( salix spp . ) .
abundance : the giant sulphur is localized to willow bogs , but is widespread in western canada . it is described as common in northern manitoba ( klassen et al . , 1989 ) .
habits : in the northern boreal forests and southern tundra , the giant sulphur is found in moist areas with willows . farther south it is restricted to willow bogs and their immediate surroundings . it is an active species that flies swiftly around its chosen territory , stopping to feed on a variety of flowers , including asters .
© 2002 . this material is reproduced with permission from the butterflies of canada by ross a . layberry , peter w . hall , and j . donald lafontaine . university of toronto press ; 1998 . specimen photos courtesy of john t . fowler .
upper surface of male yellow with narrow black borders ; lower surface without submarginal black spots . female with 2 forms , yellow or white ; both may have black border reduced or lacking .
g4 - apparently secure globally , though it might be quite rare in parts of its range , especially at the periphery .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
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naba checklist of north american butterflies occurring north of mexico - edition 2 . 3
[ cite : 1318989 this link is a list of just the names including typo corrections , additions and updates to the following checklist : cassie , b . , j . glassberg , a . swengel & g . tudor . 2001 . north american butterfly association ( naba ) checklist & english names of north american butterflies . second edition . north american butterfly association , morristown , nj .
the second edition of the checklist includes all 722 species of butterflies that have been recorded in north american , north of mexico and in hawaii , giving both english and scientific names .
a catalogue of the butterflies of the united states and canada - - by jonathan p . pelham
taxonomic checklist used on bugguide for butterflies - - does not seem to have a link , so here it is . link updated 16 october 2016 as per comments .
a downloadable pdf file with extensive data on habitats , hostplants , flight dates , and range in the carolinas . you must give an e - mail address to reach the download - - the authors want to inform you of updates . ( this is produced by the north carolina wildlife resources commission , a state agency . ) ( i thought i had posted this before , but cannot find it . )
sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , errichtet von jacob hübner in augsburg ( 1793–1841 ) : updated plates legend .
seachable database with information on the general classification and the diet and feeding behaviour of the orders of insects and arachnids found in canada’s forest environments . cite : 1463600
an invaluable site for synonyms , links to original descriptions , literature , and other information . covers the entire world , but tends to have more complete information for european and north american species . a great place to begin literature searches . cite : 1329955
the best online resource for moths of great britain and ireland . cite : 1329952
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
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photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
species account authors : crispin guppy and jon shepard . extracted from butterflies of british columbia
giant sulphurs , the largest sulphur in bc , have yellow males and pale yellow to white females . the hindwing discal cell spot is very large on both the upper and lower hindwing , and usually has a satellite spot on the underside . there are no submarginal spots on the underside of the wings . unlike in most sulphurs , on the upperside of the wings there is very little dark scaling at the wing bases .
giant sulphurs are univoltine , and fly from late june through july . near nordegg , ab , oviposition occurred on several varieties of dwarf willows on hillocks in muskeg . the eggs hatched after 10 days and larval growth was slow , suggesting that the larvae hibernate ( mcdunnough 1922 ) . in the peace river region of alberta , they are universally restricted to wet willow fens and catchment marshes with willows ( kondla et al . 1994 ) . the larval foodplants are various species of willow ( mcdunnough 1922 ) . oviposition on salix reticulata at churchill , mb , was observed by klots ( 1975 ) , who reared the resulting larvae to the third instar .
giant sulphurs inhabit boreal willow fens in northern bc and in the cariboo region .
giant sulphurs occur from northern ak and yt , across southwestern nt and central and northern bc , to hudson bay and on .
bc ministry of environment : bc species and ecosystems explorer - - the authoritative source for conservation information in british columbia .
recommended citation : author , date . page title . in klinkenberg , brian . ( editor ) 2017 .
[ efauna . bc . ca ] . lab for advanced spatial analysis , department of geography , university of british columbia , vancouver . [ accessed :
disclaimer : the information contained in an e - fauna bc atlas pages is derived from expert sources as cited ( with permission ) in each section . this information is scientifically based . e - fauna bc also acts as a portal to other sites via deep links . as always , users should refer to the original sources for complete information . e - fauna bc is not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of the original information .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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layberry , r . a . , p . w . hall , and j . d . lafontaine . 1998 . the butterflies of canada . university of toronto press : toronto , canada . 280 pp . + color plates .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
distribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
pelham , j . p . 2008 . a catalogue of the butterflies of the united states and canada with a complete bibliography of the descriptive and systematic literature . the journal of research on the lepidoptera . volume 40 . 658 pp .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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iucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .
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guppy , c . s . and j . h . shepard . 2001 . butterflies of british columbia . ubc press and royal british columbia museum : victoria , british columbia . 414 pp .
miller , l . d . and f . m . brown . 1981 . a catalogue / checklist of the butterflies of america north of mexico . the lepidopterists ' society memoir no . 2 , sarasota , florida . 280 pp .
considered an ' active ' species that flies swiftly ( layberry et al . 1998 ) .
documented in moist boreal forests and bogs with abundant willow . larvae are thought to feed upon various species of willows ( salix spp . ) ( layberry et al . 1998 ) .
there are no specific subnational food habits for this subspecies . the larval foodplants are various species of willow ( salix spp . ) ( layberry et al . 1998 ; guppy and shepard 2001 ) .
one generation per year . records for this species are from june through july ( guppy and shepard 2001 ) . information on the life history of this subspecies is not available .
this is not a range map . this species is known to occur somewhere in the shaded regional district ( s ) . the actual range of the species within each regional district may be much smaller .
guppy , c . s . , and j . h . shepard . 2001 . butterflies of british columbia . ubc press in collaboration with royal b . c . mus . 414pp .
layberry , r . a . , p . w . hall , and j . d . lafontaine . 1998 . the butterflies of canada . university of toronto press . 280pp . + color plates .


paralepetopsis ferrugivora is a species of sea snail , a true limpet , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family neolepetopsidae , one of the families of true limpets .

paralepetopsis ferrugivora

paralepetopsis mclean 1990 : 510 . type species ( od ) : paralepetopsis floridensis mclean 1990 . type locality : florida escarpment seeps ( 26 [ degrees ] 03 ' n , 84 [ degrees ] 54 ' w ) , 3270 m .
here i take the opportunity to describe three additional northeastern pacific species of the family neolepetopsidae , including two species of the genus paralepetopsis and one new species of neolepetopsis . one of the species , a new paralepetopsis , is from the hydrothermal vent habitat ; another new paralepetopsis and a new neolepetopsis are from whale bone , which is an hitherto unknown habitat for the family , although the whale bone habitat is known for the cocculiniform families pyropeltidae , cocculinidae ( see mclean 1992 ) , and osteopeltidae ( see marshall 1994 ) . only the family pyropeltidae has previously been known from both the vent / seep and whale bone habitat .
the undifferentiated shafts of the marginals are unique in the genus . however , this could mean that the tooth rows examined came from the developing end of the ribbon . the cusps have a rounded edge , unlike the square rachidian of paralepetopsis floridensis and the acutely pointed outline of the other cusps of p . floridensis .
shells of the new species were photographed with three views . the radula from the single specimen of paralepetopsis tunnicliffae was mounted for sem ; radulae of the two other new species were whole - mounted in stain - suffused , nonresinous mounting medium . for these two new species , the entire radular ribbon was digitally photographed through a light microscope , which enabled a count of the tooth rows and , at higher resolution enabled confirmation of the generic identification indicated by the shell morphology .
radula prepared for sem ( fig . 3f ) . the radular sem shows two pairs of lateral teeth and the broad overhanging cusps expected in paralepetopsis . the shafts of the rachidian and inner pair of lateral are narrow ; the cusp of the second pair is larger than that of the first pair ; the shaft of the second pair is hidden behind the larger pluricuspid . the shafts of the marginals are not differentiated from the base of the ribbon , but the cusps are in their expected positions and may be distinguished from debris on the outer edge of the ribbon that shows in figure 3d .
after more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .
last week - on may 30 and 31st – 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .
on 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .
the 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to françois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .
in 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .
the scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .
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warén a . & bouchet p . ( 2001 ) . gastropoda and monoplacophora from hydrothermal vents and seeps new taxa and records . the veliger , 44 ( 2 ) : 116 - 231 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 120 - 125 ; 142 [ details ]
note mid atlantic ridge ( 37°17 . 50 ' n , 32°17 ' w , . . .
type locality mid atlantic ridge ( 37°17 . 50 ' n , 32°17 ' w , 1665 - 1728 m ) [ details ]
warén & bouchet , 2001 . accessed through : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) european register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 180859 on 2018 - 07 - 09
costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) . european register of marine species .
intergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
warén a . & bouchet p . ( 2001 ) . gastropoda and monoplacophora from hydrothermal vents and seeps new taxa and records .
warén a . & bouchet p . ( 2001 ) . gastropoda and monoplacophora from hydrothermal vents and seeps new taxa and records . the veliger , 44 ( 2 ) : 116 - 231
warén & bouchet , 2001 . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license
pesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi
photographer : r . von cosel , a . le goff , p . briand & a . warén . publisher : allen , chris .
r . von cosel , a . le goff , p . briand & a . warén
edited by norman h . sleep , stanford university , stanford , ca , and approved march 24 , 2011 ( received for review june 30 , 2010 )
eight carbonate blocks were dredged during the momardream cruise ( momar 08 leg 2 , august–september 2008 ) from the northwestern flank of the rainbow massif , which is situated on a nontransform offset at 36°14 . 15n , 33°53 . 50w (
) . this site , which we name ghost city , is 1 , 200 m northeast of the rainbow vent field at around 2 , 100 m water depth . the dredge from which the carbonates were collected sampled a transect around 800 m long on the seafloor and recovered , in addition to the carbonates , three shells of thyasirid bivalves , numerous pieces of serpentinized peridodite , and some troctolites and gabbros . the carbonates are white to ivory in color , ranging from 750 to 25 cm
c values of 4 . 88 ± 0 . 19‰ and - 0 . 66 ± 1 . 18‰ , respectively (
) . isotopic measurements of a series of subsamples from one authigenic carbonate crust gave u / th ages ranging from 46 ± 0 . 3 kyr to 193 ± 11 kyr (
) close to the modern seawater signature ( 146 . 6 ± 2 . 6‰ ) (
) , which suggests that its u / th ratio may be considered as the most representative of the formation age of ghost city carbonates . the corresponding u / th age ( 110 ± 0 . 9 kyr ) lies in the same range as the older chimneys from lost city ( 122 ± 12 kyr ) (
) and suggests that ghost city carbonate formation is significantly older than the first evidence of rainbow vent activity ( 23 ± 1 . 5 kyr ) (
sr ) of 0 . 70916 ± 0 . 00006 , close to seawater ratios .
location of the ghost city fossil hydrothermal field at different scales . ( a ) large scale map showing hydrothermal vents hosted by volcanic rocks ( red dots ) and gabbros and peridotites ( green dots ) ; ghost city is in the vicinity of the rainbow hydrothermal field . ( b ) standard multibeam bathymetrical map of three mar segments between 36°00 and 36°20n . these segments show a typical slow - spreading axial valley offset by two nontransform discontinuities . both rainbow and ghost city are located at the northern end of the segment centered on 36°10n . ( c ) high resolution multibeam bathymetric map acquired at low ship speed during the flores cruise of the r / v l’atalante showing the rainbow vent field on the western flank of the rainbow massif ; the ghost city fossil site is located on the northwestern flank of this gabbroic and peridotitic structure approximately 1 , 200 m northeast of the rainbow vent field , at a depth of 2 , 100 m .
oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of ghost city carbonates and bathymodiolus shells and living bathymodiolus shells from the rainbow hydrothermal vent field . domains limited by lines represent the scatterplot of canonical scores obtained by applying discriminant functions to the data .
the oxygen and carbon isotope values of the ghost city authigenic carbonates are consistent with those observed in serpentinization contexts . the
) and an isotopically lighter - dic source . owing to the very low concentration of inorganic carbon in serpentinization fluids , the most likely origin for this
c depleted dic is the oxidation of methane . methane in serpentinization fluids are characterized by light carbon isotopic signatures ( e . g . ,
in the zambales ophiolite , - 10 . 3‰ at logatchev , - 16 . 7‰ at rainbow , and - 11 . 9‰ at lost city ) (
) , which can be further fractionated by methanotrophic microbes converting methane into inorganic carbon . while abiotic methane oxidation is kinetically inhibited at low temperature (
) , microbial oxidation of methane can occur in subseafloor habitats with various electron acceptors ( e . g . , oxygen and sulfate ) during the mixing of seawater with end - member fluids (
) , the fractionation factor resulting of anaerobic or aerobic methane oxidation can be as high as 1 . 039 (
) and will result in further depletion of the initial carbon isotopic ratio by at least - 13‰ . only a small fraction ( approximately 5 % ) of this
c depleted methane is thus sufficient to explain the slightly negative carbon isotopic signature of some ghost city carbonates . an additional contribution from biogenic methane formed during the subseafloor mixing of seawater and the end - member fluid , as described in proskurowski et al . (
) , cannot be ruled out . this assumption is supported by the identification of both methanogenic and anaerobic methane - oxidizing archaea at lost city , particularly in the less active chimneys where seawater mixing is occurring (
, and mixing is required to compensate the poor supply of this ion from the fluid . as a consequence , the substantial isotopic fractionation resulting of biogenic methane formation that was observed at basalt - hosted diffuse vents (
) may not be achieved due to limiting inorganic carbon conditions . the relative importance of biogenic methane is therefore difficult to estimate from ghost city samples’ isotopic ratios .
the geological context , as well as petrographic and isotopic data , provides supporting evidence that the ghost city carbonates were formed 110 , 000 years ago from venting of metal - poor fluids . despite the proximity with the rainbow high - temperature vents field , the lack of polymetallic sulfide precipitates in the ghost city carbonate samples precludes a high - temperature metal - rich hydrothermal fluid contribution in their formation . more likely , these fluids were formed from low - temperature hydrothermal circulation related to serpentinization and were probably close in composition to those currently venting at lost city .
analyses of carbonate matrix , oxide crust , and mussel shells were made at the istep laboratory ( upmc univ paris 06 ) on a siemens d501 . bathymodiolus aff . azoricus mussel shells were scrubbed in distilled water with a toothbrush immediately upon collection to remove loosely attached biogenic and inorganic particles . sample powders of original calcitic outer layer and aragonitic inner layer of the shells were drilled from a depth of approximately 0 . 1 mm .
polished thin sections of carbonates were observed using a stereomicroscope zeiss stereo discovery v20 ( fig . 2 and fig . s1 ) porosity measurements were made using jmicrovision software ( urltoken ) .
analyses were made in the pôle spectrométrie océan ( brest ) on a neptune mc - icpms . for uranium and thorium isotope measurements , about 2 mg of carbonate sample was dissolved in 7 . 5m hno 3 and spiked with a mixed 236 u / 229 th spike ( 66 ) . u and th were separated chemically using conventional anion exchange techniques adapted from previous studies ( 67 ) . u and th concentrations and isotope ratios were then measured in the mc - icpms . the carbonate age was corrected for detrital contamination ( inherited 230 th ) using measured 232 th concentrations and assuming a typical 232 th / 230 th ratio ( 150 , 000 ) for the contaminant detrital phase , but this correction was insignificant on the calculated age ( about 1 % ) ( 68 ) . strontium was isolated using sr resin and the isotope ratios were measured using the mc - icpms . isotope ratios were normalized to 86 sr / 88 sr = 0 . 1194 and corrected from 87 rb and 86 kr interferences on the 87 sr and 86 sr signal , respectively .
author contributions : f . l . , m . d . r . , j . d . , b . i . , y . f . , f . g . , and n . l . b . designed research ; f . l . , c . t . l . , m . d . r . , g . b . , and v . g . performed research ; f . l . , c . t . l . , m . d . r . , g . b . , and n . l . b . analyzed data ; and f . l . , c . t . l . , and n . l . b . wrote the paper .
stable isotope evidence for a putative endosymbiont - based lithotrophic bathymodiolus sp . mussel community atop a serpentine seamount
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researchers used field data from 2012 to 2015 to study mortality and allele frequency changes in the sea star pisaster ochraceus during a mass mortality event in northcentral california , and found that surviving adult and juvenile sea stars experienced 81 % mortality and allele shifts , according to the authors .
a survey of more than 4 , 600 american adults conducted in 1995 - 1996 and in 2011 - 2014 suggests that among individuals of low socioeconomic status , negative affect increased significantly between the two survey waves , whereas life satisfaction and psychological well - being decreased .
a study of cognitive ability in norwegian males born from 1962 to 1991 suggests that environmental factors rather than changing genetic composition of families likely account for most of the change in norwegian population iq .
the mathematical tools behind recent gerrymandering cases have brought a modicum of precision into the political arena—but this rigor hasn’t always been enough to spur policy changes .
three new species of the family neolepetopsidae ( patellogastropoda ) from hydrothermal vents and whale falls in the northeastern pacific . - free online library
three new species of the family neolepetopsidae ( patellogastropoda ) from hydrothermal vents and whale falls in the northeastern pacific .
mla style :
three new species of the family neolepetopsidae ( patellogastropoda ) from hydrothermal vents and whale falls in the northeastern pacific . .
the free library . 2008 national shellfisheries association , inc . 09 jul . 2018 urltoken
chicago style : the free library . s . v . three new species of the family neolepetopsidae ( patellogastropoda ) from hydrothermal vents and whale falls in the northeastern pacific . .
retrieved jul 09 2018 from urltoken
apa style : three new species of the family neolepetopsidae ( patellogastropoda ) from hydrothermal vents and whale falls in the northeastern pacific . . ( n . d . ) > the free library . ( 2014 ) . retrieved jul 09 2018 from urltoken
specimens are deposited in the type collection of the natural history museum of los angeles county ( lacm ) .
neolepetopsis mclean , 1990 : 492 . type species ( od ) : neolepetopsis gordensis mclean , 1990 . type locality : escanaba trough , gorda ridge , off northern california ( 41 [ degrees ] 29 ' n , 128 [ degrees ] 29 ' w ) , 3 , 271 m .
shell sculpture coarsely clathrate , shell interior with transparent zones . radula with well - formed rachidian , two pairs of laterals , paired pluricuspid teeth , and two pairs of marginals .
four species , all from abyssal depths at hydrothermal vents , were originally described by mclean ( 1990 ) . two of these species , n . verruca from the east pacific rise at 21 [ degrees ] n , and n . occulta from the green seamount at 21 [ degrees ] n have not been subsequently reported . the species n . densata from the east pacific rise at 12 [ degrees ] n was reported by gustafson & lutz ( 1994 ) from the galapagos rift ; waren & bouchet ( 2001 ) illustrated the shell and radula of n . densata , with figures that closely matched my original figures .
the new species of neolepetopsis described here was collected from whale bone , in contrast to the original records of other species from hydrothermal vents . neolepetopsis remains known only from abyssal depths in the eastern pacific , as yet unreported from other vent / seep sites elsewhere .
neolepetopsis nicolasensis mclean , new species ( figs . 1c , 3a , 3c )
holotype lacm 3089 , paratype lacm 3 , 090 , 960 m on whale skeleton , nw of san nicolas island , ca ( 33 [ degrees ] 20 . 35 ' n , 119 [ degrees ] 58 . 85 ' w ) , collected by craig smith ( atv 113 ) , april 30 , 1995 . two specimens . for further information on the habitat and collecting records , see smith & baco ( 2003 ) and baco & smith ( 2003 ) .
shell ( fig . 1c ) : sturdy , oval to oblong , slightly narrower anteriorly , profile low , highest elevation at apex ; shell margin in same plane ( ends not raised ) . apex on midline , nearly central but slightly closer to anterior end . apex eroded , lacking protoconch ; periostracum lacking . sculpture reticulate , concentric ridges well - defined , about equal in strength to radial ribs , producing nodes on crossing radial ribs ; radial and concentric sculpture diminishing in strength near margin ; radial ribs not projecting at margin . shell interior opaque white in area corresponding to apex ; outline of muscle scar not well marked , sides of interior translucent , revealing concentric sculpture of exterior ; shell margin translucent , with dark line at 0 . 4 mm from edge marking transition to thicker inner layer . length 7 . 5 mm , width 5 . 7 mm , height 2 . 1 mm ( holotype ) , length 6 . 6 mm , width 4 . 6 mm , height 1 . 9 mm ( paratype ) .
the shell of n . nicolasensis is not like that of n . gordensis , because the radial sculpture does not have the sharp projections of the radial ribs at the margin , showing in both forms , the regular ( fig . 1b ) and the laterally compressed ( fig . 1a ) . the shell is not comparable to that of n . densata , which has a much lower profile and fully transparent interior . the shell interior is most like that of n . verruca in having a dark band along the margin in interior view , but the band is a line , rather than the broader band of n . verruca . the concentric sculpture of n . verruca is much more pronounced in lateral view . there was no original radular preparation for n . verruca . the shell interior is not like that of n . occulta , which is fully transparent except in the central area .
shell sculpture of radial ribs and concentric growth lines weak , shell interior fully opaque . radula with rachidian and two pairs of laterals with straight shafts , cusps usually broad .
the weak radial and concentric sculpture differs from the strongly clathrate sculpture of neolepetopsis ; the shell interior is opaque , rather than partially transparent .
holotype lacm 3 , 091 ; 2 , 145 m , clam bed , chowder hill , middle valley segment , juan de fuca ridge west of juan de fuca strait ( 48 [ degrees ] 27 . 5 ' n , 128 [ degrees ] 42 . 5 ' w ) ( station hs 192 ) , collected by verena tunnicliffe , june 26 , 1992 . single specimen . for collection details see juniper et al . ( 1992 ) .
shell ( fig . 2a ) : elliptical in outline , anterior end slightly narrower , profile moderately high , highest elevation of shell at apex ; shell margin in same plane . apex on midline , closer to anterior edge . apex eroded , protoconch missing . periostracum thin , light tan . all slopes moderately convex . sculpture of fine radial striae and concentric growth irregularities . shell interior with thickened opaque area at apex , slopes of interior translucent , revealing faint indications of radial and concentric irregularities of exterior ; inner margin of lip 0 . 5 mm broad , thinner and more translucent than thicker part of interior slope . muscle scar not well marked , but faintly indicated if the shell is tilted for viewing . length 10 . 6 mm , width 8 . 2 mm , and height 3 . 6 mm ( holotype ) .
the shell profile is lower than that of the type species p . floridensis . shell sculpture is similar , but the interior differs in having the muscle scar weakly indicated .
holotype , lacm 3092 , paratype lacm 3093 , 1 , 800 m , on whale skeleton , san clemente seep , sw of san diego , ca ( 32 [ degrees ] 12 ' n , 117 [ degrees ] 44 ' w ) , collected by craig r . smith , alvin dive 3534 , march 29 , 2000 . two specimens . for further information on the habitat and collecting records , see smith & baco ( 2003 ) and baco & smith ( 2003 ) .
it is clear that the radula differs from the more northern p . tunnicliffae because the pluricuspid has a narrower base and the marginal teeth are well marked , quite unlike the condition in p . tunnicliffae , in which only the tips are revealed .
the whale - fall habitat in the eastern pacific has been known for at least 15 years , and has been reported on by smith et al . ( 1989 ) , smith ( 1992 ) , smith & baco ( 1998 ) , baco & smith ( 2003 ) , smith & baco ( 2003 ) , bennett et al . ( 1994 ) . elsewhere , whale - bone associated molluscs have been reported from new zealand ( marshall 1987 , marshall 1994 ) , from japan by okutani et al . ( 2003 ) , and by fujiwara et al . ( 2007 ) . the mytilid mussel ides washingtonia is the most abundant northeastern pacific molluscan species known from whale bone , sunken wood , and seeps . the whale - fall habitat has also been reported from oligocene deposits ( squires , et al . 1991 , goedert et al . 1995 ) , and widely from cenozoic fossil deposits ( kiel & goedert 2006 ) . kiel & goedert considered the modern whale fall species community to have arisen in the early miocene .
cocculiniform limpets associated with the whale - fall habitat in southern california have previously been described ( mclean 1992 ) . it is noteworthy that only two of the vent - limpet families , the pyropeltidae and the neolepetopsidae are now known to occur in the hydrothermal vent habitat and the whale - fall habitat . the whale bone oil and the ubiquitous chemosynthetic bacterial mats are not the same , but two species of pyropelta have colonized both habitats , as reported by mclean ( 1992 ) .
baco , a . r . & c . r . smith . 2003 . high species richness in deep - sea chemoautotrophic whale skeleton communities . mar . ecol . prog . ser . 260 : 109 - 114 .
beck , l . 1996 . morphology and anatomy of new species of neolepetopsid , acmaeid , fissurellid and pyropeltid limpets from edison seamount off lihir islands ( west pacific ) . arehiv fur molluskenkunde 125 : 87 - 103 .
bennett , b . a . , c . r . smith , b . glaser & h . l . maybaum . 1994 . faunal community structure of a chemoautotrophic assemblage on whale bones in the deep northeast pacific ocean . mar . ecol . prog . ser . 108 : 205 - 223 .
bouchet , p . & j - p . rocroi . 2005 . classification and nomenclator of gastropod families . malacologia , 47 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 397 [ part 1 . nomenclator of family - group names ( bouchet & rocroi ) . part 2 . working classification of the gastropoda ( modern
archaeogastropods
by waren & bouchet ) ] .
cruz , r . & m . farina . 2005 . mineralization of major lateral teeth in the radula of a deep - sea hydrothermal vent limpet ( gastropoda : neolepetopsidae ) . mar . biol . ( berlin ) 147 : 163 - 168 .
fretter , v . 1990 . the anatomy of some new archaeogastropod limpets ( order patellogastropoda , suborder lepetopsina ) from hydrothermal vents . j . zool . 222 : 529 - 526 .
fujiwara , y . , m . kawato , t . yamamoto , t . yamanaka , w . sato - okoshi , c . noda , s . tsuchida , t . komai , s . s . cubelio , t . sasaki , k . jacobsen , k . kubokawa , k . fujikura , t . maruyama , y . furushima , k . okoshi , h . miyake , m . miyazaki , y . noqi , a . yatabe & t . okutani . 2007 . three - year investigations into sperm whale - fall ecosystems in japan . mar . ecol . 28 : 219 - 232 .
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life in extreme environments : a tribute to melbourne r . carriker , gentleman malacologist .
taxonomic review of the hydrothermal vent shrimp genera rimicaris williams & rona and chorocaris martin & hessler ( crustacea : decapoda : caridea : . . .
interactions of deep - sea vent invertebrates with their environment : the case of rimicaris exoculata .
the morphology of bacterial symbioses in the gills of mussels of the genera adipicola and idas ( bivalvia : mytilidae ) .
variation in sulfur speciation with shellfish presence at a lau basin diffuse flow vent site .
hydrothermal vent mussel habitat chemistry , pre - and post - eruption at 9 [ degrees ] 50 ' north on the east pacific rise .
interrelationships between vent fluid chemistry , temperature , seismic activity , and biological community structure at a mussel - dominated , deep - sea . . .
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