adelaide 's warbler ( setophaga adelaidae ) is a bird endemic to the archipelago of puerto rico belonging to the setophaga genus of the parulidae family .

the species is named after adelaide swift , daughter of robert swift , the person who captured the first specimen .

adelaide ' s warbler

adelaide’s warbler is currently classified as “least concern” in the iucn red data list .
adelaide ' s warbler ( dendroica adelaidae ) was named after adelaide swift , daughter of robert swift - the person who captured the first specimen .
this theory is consistent with research regarding adelaide’s warbler . once considered a single species , the american ornithologists’ union split then - existing subspecies into three full species in 2000 : barbuda warbler ( setophaga subita ) , st . lucia warbler ( setophaga delicata ) , and adelaide’s warbler . genetic analysis suggests that adelaide’s warbler expanded from west to east and two isolated populations ultimately developed into the recently recognized species .
real - time colonization : puerto rican warbler expands to u . s . virgin islands
adelaide’s warbler ( eng . ) , reinita mariposera ( sp . ) , dendroica adelaidae ( sci . ) , endemic species – puerto rico and vieques islands .
unlike the other endemic warbler — the threatened elfin - woods warbler — the population of adelaide’s warbler on puerto rico appears to be stable . the bird is common in its preferred habitat , including guánica commonwealth forest and cabo rojo national wildlife refuge . — jason a . crotty
real - time colonization : puerto rican warbler expands to u . s . virgin islands - birdwatching
individual adelaide’s warblers have also been occasionally sighted by scientists in the luquillo experimental forest , a section of the el yunque national forest .
adelaide’s warbler is found only on the main island of puerto rico and on the offshore island of vieques . it occurs primarily in the dry forests of the southern region , although it has been seen to occur in moist forests that include tangled vines and thickets along the cordillera central ( central mountain range ) and in the north and northeast sectors of the island . adelaide’s warbler was formerly “lumped” with related species on the caribbean islands of barbuda and st . lucia – taxonomists have recently split them into three separate species based on variations in plumage and song . the puerto rico species retained the adelaide’s warbler name , while the other species were renamed barbuda warbler ( d . subita ) and st . lucia warbler ( d . delicate ) .
adelaide’s warbler has long been considered non - migratory and endemic to puerto rico . in his guide to the birds of puerto rico and the virgin islands in 1989 , herbert raffaele stated that it is “unknown from the virgin islands . ” now , however , it appears that several groups have flown more than 30 miles to st . thomas and st . john , two of the u . s . virgin islands . both have suitable habitat for adelaide’s warbler .
episode 1 : adelaide ' s warbler ( reinta mariposera ) this is just a hobby and is what i got until now . hope you like it . music by toe - path graphic artist : nidza burgos castellanos produced by living wolf studios and edit with cyberlink powerdirector 9
range : adelaïde warbler lives in porto rico , but also in st lucia , and barbuda .
reproduction : adelaïde warbler’s nest is located at up to 3 to 20 feet above the ground , in a tree . female lays 2 to 4 white eggs , spotted with brown .
) helps to place information for grace ' s warbler into a larger and historical context . some gaps are filled by unpublished information , but there is still much to learn about the species , especially those populations breeding south of the u . s . border .
adelaide’s warbler ( setophaga adelaidae ) is a small predominantly gray and yellow insectivore most frequently found in the dry lowlands and scrub of southern puerto rico . however , it is a habitat generalist and can be found in other areas . it is less common on the eastern side of puerto rico , which is closest to the virgin islands .
rosenstock , s . s . 1996 . habitat relationships of breeding birds in northern arizona ponderosa pine and pine - oak forests . phoenix : arizona game fish dep . close
staicer , c . a . 1989 . characteristics , use , and significance of two singing behaviors in grace ' s warbler ( dendroica graciae ) . auk no . 106 : 49 - 63 . close
adelaide’s warblers have been spotted ( flocking with other avian species ) in guama trees on the el portal nature trail and near the palo colorado interpretive site . the flowering guama seems to be a very popular assembly point for flocking and gleaning birds .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto adelaïde warbler’s call is a sharp “chick” . song is variable with ascending and descending trill . it sings at any time of year , but it sings strongly into late morning .
formerly considered conspecific with s . subita and s . delicata , but the three have recently been shown to have a level of genetic differentiation similar to that of some continental american species . monotypic .
curson , j . ( 2018 ) . adelaide ' s warbler ( setophaga adelaidae ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
not aware of these sightings , a team of researchers led by richard r . veit of the college of staten island had been surveying birds near lameshur bay since 2011 , and they discovered two adelaide’s warblers in january 2015 . further surveys that year found three singing males that appeared to be defending territories . they enthusiastically responded to recordings of male birds from puerto rico . researchers also observed two probable females . photos , vocalizations , and subsequent comparisons with specimens confirmed them as adelaide’s warblers . in 2016 , they found eight birds with six males defending territories .
) . these studies have documented the range of habitats occupied , microhabitats used for foraging , and densities of some populations . the only studies to date solely on grace ' s warbler focused on the singing behavior of individuals in northern arizona (
distribution and habits make grace ' s warbler one of the least known north american passerines . its territories tend to be large , its nests well hidden , and individuals a challenge to follow . no comprehensive studies exist , and much basic information is lacking . few nests have been found , few individuals have been collected or measured , and no studies have thoroughly documented basic information such as molt , migration , or population dynamics . only 59 individual grace ' s warblers have ever been banded , far fewer than any other north american wood - warbler .
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behaviour : adelaïde warbler feeds on insects , and gleans them at middle and higher elevations in trees . it travels with other species such as puerto rican todies , vireos and other warblers .
diet : adelaïde warbler feeds mainly on insects , such as lantern flies , grasshoppers , caterpillars , bugs , flies , weevils , beetles , and spiders . it may eat small frogs , but rarely .
) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .
) , geographic variation in songs of the northern subspecies ( cas ) , and nesting behavior of a few pairs in southwestern colorado ( s . hutchings unpubl . ) .
previously restricted to a single species ( s . ruticilla ) ; but comprehensive molecular phylogeny reveals that this species is deeply embedded within large clade that includes two species formerly in parula ( s . americana and s . pitiayumi ) and another ( s . citrina ) traditionally in wilsonia , as well as all species previously treated in dendroica # r ; catharopeza might also be subsumed into this genus # r , but better maintained as a separate monospecific genus , in view of unusual morphology and behaviour , as well as its basal position in the clade . as type species of parula , wilsonia and dendroica are all included in present grouping , these names become synonyms of oldest available name for this clade , setophaga .
in march 2012 , sean m . rune and leann m . conlon of the university of maine observed four adelaide’s warblers near santa maria bay on st . thomas , the first known observations outside puerto rico . the birds were identified by field marks and song and were later photographed . additional surveys found at least six birds that appeared to be permanently occupying the location , with at least one probable breeding pair . this location is secluded and infrequently visited by birders , so this group may have been there for some time .
habitat : adelaïde warbler lives in dry forests , lowlands , and moist forest areas . they like tangles of vines and thickets . it is common in dry scrublands on south coast , and in thickets on north coast . we can found a small number of birds in mountains .
block , w . m . and d . m . finch . 1997 . songbird ecology in southwestern ponderosa pine forests : a literature review . fort collins , co : u . s . dep . agric . close
bird ranges are dynamic , and we may be seeing the early stages of expansion by a species in the caribbean . two groups of researchers have found evidence of possible colonization of the virgin islands by an endemic puerto rican warbler . they report their findings in two forthcoming papers in the journal of caribbean ornithology .
block , w . m . , j . l . ganey , k . e . severson and m . l . morrison . 1992 . use of oaks by neotropical migratory birds in the southwest . in general technical report rm : u . s . forest service . close
nocedal , j . 1995 .
seasonal dynamics of foliage - gleaning insectivorous birds in southern durango , mexico .
in conservation of neotropical migratory birds in mexico . , edited by m . h . wilson and s . a . sader , 81 - 97 . misc . publ . 727 : maine agric . for . exp . stn . close
editor ' s note : phylogenetic analyses of sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear dna indicate that all species formerly placed in dendroica , one species formerly placed in wilsonia ( citrina ) , and two species formerly placed in parula ( americana and pitiayumi ) form a clade with the single species traditionally placed in setophaga ( ruticilla ) . the generic name setophaga has priority for this clade . see the 52nd supplement to the aou checklist of north american birds for details . future revisions of this account will reflect these changes .
the introduction article is just the first of 11 articles in each species account that provide life history information for the species . the remaining articles provide detailed information regarding distribution , migration , habitat , diet , sounds , behavior , breeding , current population status and conservation . each species account also includes a multimedia section that displays the latest photos , audio selections and videos from macaulay library’s extensive galleries . written and continually updated by acknowledged experts on each species , birds of north america accounts include a comprehensive bibliography of published research on the species .
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, or “little queen” , is the general term for warblers ) . at times , they appear to be perpetually in motion , actively searching twigs and leaves for arthropods , or squabbling with their neighbors . they are not shy of humans , and their striking colors and frequently repeated sweet song make them relatively easy to locate .
are particularly common in the dry forests of southern puerto rico and vieques , but are also found in wet limestone forests and secondary forests on the northern coast of puerto rico . however , they are absent from higher elevations and the eastern end of the island . otherwise , they seem to be generalists both in terms of habitats used , and in the types of vegetation used within a habitat type . their populations appear to be stable over the long term , although strong fluctuations can be seen over shorter periods of time . although some aspects of their biology ( e . g . vocalizations ) have been well studied , many aspects of their behavior and ecology are not yet well known .
only one individual , jumping in the middle - upper strata of a bamboo patch , close to the wetland . id confirmed by david hollie .
primary song given low in tree near roadside . signal amplified several db . habitat is dry tropical forest .
bird located up a hillside from trail , through dense under - and midstory . 5 strophes . habitat is tropical moist forest .
two birds on either side of the trail , seemingly countersinging . signal amplified several db . habitat is tropical moist forest .
unseen bird singing up hillsides above trail in thick understory . silence gap spans about 40 seconds . signal amplified several db . habitat is tropical moist forest .
natural song of a bird in canopy of semi - humid forest , with a second in background . this species has rather variable songs , but unfortunately , i only managed to record one individual .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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an adult singing on the tree branch . adulto vocalizando desde la rama de un árbol .
kristof zyskowski , frédéric pelsy , luis r figueroa , mikko pyhälä , bob thompson , dubi shapiro , paul a guris , guy poisson .
12–13·5 cm ; 5·3–10 g . crown grey , forecrown laterally edged black , short yellow supercilium becoming white behind eye , black lores , broken . . .
two song types . type 1 song a variable trill , often ascending or descending in pitch , and type 2 . . .
lowland dry scrub forest and forest edge ; replaced , with some overlap , in humid montane forest by . . .
feeds mainly on insects and other arthropods . forages by gleaning , mainly high in canopy . pairs apparently remain together on territory . . .
eggs laid in mar–jul and nestlings observed in mid - may . nest a cup placed 1–2·5 m up in shrub or tree ; clutch 2–3 . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . restricted - range species : present in puerto rico and the virgin islands eba . not uncommon . population thought to number more than 10 , . . .
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it has grey upperparts . underparts are bright yellow on throat and breast . belly is white . wings show two white wing bars . it has a yellow and white eyebrow , and a white or yellow crescent below eye . the bill is blackish - brown . eyes are dark brown . legs and feet are brown .
in addition of nominate race dendroica adelaidae living on puerto rico and vieques islands , there are two subspecies . race subita which lives in barbados resembles nominate , but its upperparts are more brownish - grey . it lacks the black stripe on the hood side , and its double wing bar is duller . it has less white on the tail . wings and tail have the same size that nominate race . race delicata which lives in st lucia is larger . its upperparts are darker and brighter bluish - grey . the head pattern is more conspicuous : broader and more conspicuous lateral black stripe on the hood , entirely yellow eyebrow , and yellow patch below the eye . we can see sometimes some fine black streaks on back and hood .
combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : setophaga adelaidae . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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photo © 2008 , william hull . information compiled by alan mowbray , interpretive media writer , eynf / lef
d . adelaidae has a gray upper body and yellow breast . it has a yellow and white line above each eye with a white or yellow “half - moon” crescent below the eye . average bill to tail length is 4 . 7 inches ( 12 centimeters ) – typical weight is 0 . 25 ounces ( 7 grams ) .
in december 2012 during a christmas bird count , rune found two birds near lameshur bay , on the southern coast of st . john .
it is unlikely that these birds were involuntarily “wind drifted” or caught up in storms , as the prevailing easterly trade winds would have pushed them away from the virgin islands . it is more likely that they were pioneering vagrants that arrived via active dispersal , with at least two colonizing groups , one into st . thomas and one into st . john .
the group on st . john appears to have taken up permanent residence within virgin islands national park . according to laurel brannick , a ranger with the national park service , they continue to be regularly seen near the lameshur bay trail on the southern part of the island . the current status of the st . thomas population is unknown .
fewer migrants are overwintering on puerto rico , puzzling researchers ( june 2016 ) .
read about birding at el yunque national forest , hotspot near you no . 247 .
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© luis villanueva ( licence : creativecommons attribution - noncommercial 3 . 0 ) bosque estatal de guánica
it is endemic to the archipelago of puerto rico , where it is found on the main island of puerto rico and in the island municipality of vieques .
they inhabit dry forests in the southern region of puerto rico such as the guánica state forest . although some have been sighted in the northern moist forests and the central mountain range , cordillera central .
they usually travel in mixed flocks , which may include puerto rican todies , vireos and other new world warblers .
there is a yellow line above the eye , with a white half - moon below it .
they mainly feed on insects , as well as spiders and small amphibians such as coquís .
the average clutch consists of 2 to 4 eggs , which are white but typically with small brown spots . the nest is usually located at heights of 1 to 7 m in .
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throughout history , crows , ravens and other black birds were feared as symbols of evil or death . …
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sounds provided by macaulay library . listen to more sounds of this species from the ml archive .
males sing a sweet series of 6–10 whistled notes that accelerate over the course of the roughly 1 - second song and often end on a rising note . the tone is so sweet that people often remember it with the mnemonic sweet sweet sweet i’m so sweet . the songs are a common sound of spring and early summer mornings and may be repeated as often as 10 times per minute .
yellow warblers use a variety of short chip notes , some with a metallic sound and some with a lisping or buzzing quality . males sometimes alternate chip notes with their songs , and females may answer a song with a high - pitched chip . both sexes use a high , hissing note in territorial defense , and may confront cowbirds with a seet call .
great diversity of habitats : lagoons , coastal forests , karst forests , rain forests , cliffs , ponds , coast , marsh and grassland . between 9 - 13 endemics . depending of the time we can try the yellow - breasted crake . pr screech owl on tj ranch . on the 2nd day will end on southwest and try the pr screech - owl and pr nightjar .
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this pine specialist breeds from mountains of the southwestern united states to the caribbean coast of northern nicaragua . one of the smallest warblers , it is an active forager , hopping and flitting rapidly among the outer foliage of high branches , perching on twigs and needles in search of insects and spiders , and occasionally fly - catching or hovering to obtain its prey . northernmost populations , from northern mexico and the united states , are migratory , whereas populations from central mexico south to nicaragua are only partially migratory or resident . the species prefers parklike stands of mature pines , a habitat that has declined over time through forestry practices of logging and fire suppression , at least in the northern parts of its range . little is known about mexican and central american breeding populations .
marshall , jr . , j . t . ( 1957 ) . birds of pine - oak woodland in southern arizona and adjacent mexico . pac . coast avifauna no . 32 . close
balda , r . p . 1969 . foliage use by birds of the oak - juniper woodland and ponderosa pine forest in southeastern arizona . condor no . 71 : 399 - 412 . close
szaro , r . c . and r . p . balda . 1979a . bird community dynamics in a ponderosa pine forest . stud . avian biol . no . 3 . close
brawn , j . d . , w . j . boecklen and r . p . balda . 1987 . investigations of density interactions among breeding birds in ponderosa pine forests : correlative and experimental evidence . oecologia no . 72 : 348 - 357 . close
nocedal , j . 1994b . local migrations of insectivorous birds in western mexico : implications for the protection and conservation of their habitats . bird conserv . int . no . 4 : 129 - 142 . close
nocedal , j . 1994a . foraging ecology of foliage - gleaning insectivorous birds of an oak - pine woodland of southern durango , mexico . phd thesis , new mexico state univ . , las cruces . close
howell , t . r . 1971b . an ecological study of birds of the lowland pine savanna and adjacent rain forest in northeastern nicaragua . living bird no . 10 : 185 - 242 . close
howell , t . r . 1972 . birds of the lowland pine savanna of northeastern nicaragua . condor no . 74 : 316 - 340 . close
this account compiles information from the studies mentioned above , from various regional compendiums and atlases , and the breeding bird surveys and christmas bird counts . a synthesis of the ecology and dynamics of southwestern pine forests (
) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( a . f . poole and f . b . gill , editors ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .


the grey-eyed greenlet ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) is a species of bird in the family vireonidae .

it is found in bolivia and brazil .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests , subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical dry shrubland , and heavily degraded former forest .

grey - eyed greenlet

gray - eyed greenlet ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) , photographed in afonso cláudio , espírito santo - southeast of brazil . atlantic forest biome .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' common ' ( stotz et al . ( 1996 ) .
map edited : shaded the two disyunct populations in beni ( bolivia ) and w mato grosso ( brazil ) . eoo updated .
( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t22705276a118694105 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : hylophilus amaurocephalus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
english spanish online dictionary term bank , where you can search in more than 2 million words in categories and different pronunciation options .
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' vite - vite - de - olho - cinza ( hylophilus amaurocephalus ) fotografado em afonso claudio , espírito santo - sudeste do brasil . bioma mata atlântica . registr


the siberian crane ( leucogeranus leucogeranus ) , also known as the siberian white crane or the snow crane , is a bird of the family gruidae , the cranes .

they are distinctive among the cranes , adults are nearly all snowy white , except for their black primary feathers that are visible in flight and with two breeding populations in the arctic tundra of western and eastern russia .

the eastern populations migrate during winter to china while the western population winters in iran and formerly , in india and nepal .

among the cranes , they make the longest distance migrations .

their populations , particularly those in the western range , have declined drastically in the 20th century due to hunting along their migration routes and habitat degradation .

the world population was estimated in 2010 at about 3,200 birds , mostly belonging to the eastern population with about 95 % of them wintering in the poyang lake basin in china , a habitat that may be altered by the three gorges dam .

in western siberia there are only around ten of these cranes in the wild .

siberian crane

international crane foundation ( icf ) . 2007 . siberian crane . retrieved july 28 , 2007 .
kashentseva , tatiana . 2008 . siberian crane propagation in oka crane breeding center in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 11 ( in russian and english ) .
the crane to live the longest was a siberian crane with the name wolf . it lived for 83 years .
kashentseva , tatiana . 2008 . siberian crane propagation in oka crane breeding center , russia , in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 23 ( in russian and english ) .
english : great white crane , siberian white crane , asiatic white crane ; french : grue de sibérie ; german : schneekranich ; spanish : grulla siberiana .
the oldest documented crane in the world was a siberian crane named wolf , who died at the age of 83 at the international crane center in wisconsin .
belyalova , l . , and s . fundikchiev . 2007 . siberian crane sighting in samarkand region , uzbekistan . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 6
fazeli , azin . 2007 . siberian crane national stamp published in iran . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 14 ( in russian and english ) .
tseveenmydag , n . 2007 . siberian crane records in mongolia in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 4 ( in russian and english ) .
tseveenmydag , n . 2008 . siberian crane records in mongolia in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 10 ( in russian and english ) .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 1989 . migratory behavior of the siberian crane in iran . – the palearctic crane workshop .
markin , yuri . 2008 . the siberian crane banding in yakutia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 16 - 17 ( in russian and english ) .
the range , status and winter ecology of the siberian crane ( gus leucogenanus ) .
shilina , a . p . 2001 . siberian crane 2001 . siberian crane release in armizon , south of the western siberia . crane working group of eurasia newsletter 3 : 30 ( in russian and english . )
burnham , james , and li fengshan . 2009 . the siberian crane capture in china . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 22 ( in russian and english )
hornskov , jesper . 2008 . sighting of the siberian crane near beijing , china . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 12 ( in russian and english ) .
parmasto , e . 1989 . palearctic crane workshop . – palearctic crane workshop .
for many years a single siberian crane has returned to its wintering grounds in . . .
rusanov , german . 2002 . siberian crane wintering and spring migration . western population . russia . siberian crane flyway news . no 2 : 5 ( in russian and english ) .
shilina , anastasia . 2008 . sightings of the siberian crane in west siberia in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 10 ( in russian and english ) .
some breeding observations on the siberian white crane grus leucogeranus in the kolyma lowlands . bird conserv
the siberian crane makes more musical sounds than other cranes , mostly flute - like calls .
prentice , crawford . 2007 . siberian crane wetland project steering committee meeting , bangkok , thailand . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 19 ( in russian and english ) .
markin , yu . 2001 . siberian crane 2001 . siberian crane release in astrakhan reserve , south of the european part of russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 3 : 30 ( in russian and english ) .
sebastian , sunny . 1993 . the crane saga – experiments with siberian visitors . – conservation .
vardhan , harsh . 2002a . siberian crane wintering and spring migration . central population . india . – siberian crane flyway news . no 2 : 5 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .
vladimirtseva , m . 2008 . the siberian crane fall migration in okhotsky perevoz , yakutia , russia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 13 . ( in russian and english ) .
burnham , james , andjeb barzen . 2007 . siberian crane wetland project : regional programme report . internatioanl crane foundation . baraboo , 42 p .
landfried , s . e . 1984 . saving the siberian crane . –lawrencetoday : 4 - 9 .
osipov , igor . 2007 . spring migration of the siberian crane in northeast yakutia , russia , in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 7 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan , sadegh . 2007 . siberian crane release on the wintering grounds in iran in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 11 - 12 ( in russian and english ) .
leo shapiro selected
siberian crane
to show in overview on
grus leucogeranus pallas 1773
.
kruskal - wallis test of the effects of development stage and habitat type on siberian crane activity time .
thus , the eastern population of the siberian crane is not specialized for foraging in the taiga wetlands .
mian , afsar . 1989 . crane migration through western baluchistan . – asia crane congress .
shilina , anastasia . 2007 . sightings of the siberian crane in west siberia , russia , during fall migration 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 5 ( in russian and english ) .
panchenko , v . g . 1996 . international studbook : siberian crane . oka biosphere state nature reserve .
rusanov , german . 2007 . sighting of the siberian crane in astrakhannature reserve , russia , in the fall of 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 7 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan , sadegh , and yuri markin . 2002 . siberian crane wintering and spring migration . western population . iran . – siberian crane flyway news . no 2 : 4 ( in russian and english ) .
semenov a . , and e . kolodeznykh . 2008 . siberian crane sightings in the lena river lowland in yakutia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 9 . ( in russian and english ) .
strelnikova , olga . 2008 . sightings of the siberian crane in khanty - mansi autonomous region , west siberia , russia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 11 ( in russian and english ) .
summary of the collected time budget data ( mean ) of siberian crane in different habitats by development stages .
the oldest documented crane was a siberian crane named wolf , who died at the age of 83 . wolf is in the guinness book of world records .
moore , sara gavney . 2009 . siberian crane migration study . – china crane news . vol . 13 : 1 ( in chinese and english ) .
upon confirmation of the fact of the nesting of siberian cranes in the delta of the ob river , 7 eggs of the wild siberian crane were taken and transferred from that area into the oka breeding center from 1981 to 1996 . in total , the “siberian crane” project used 43 siberian crane eggs and 36 eurasian crane eggs from nature . forty siberian crane eggs were transported from icf – they were laid by the first yakutian birds which started breeding in the usa . most of the birds raised from those eggs were released back into nature .
international crane foundation . 2002 . siberian crane news updates . hang - glider assisted migration takes off . – cms bulletin . no 16 : 16 - 17 .
ensure healthy populations of siberian crane populations in the amur - heilong basin of russia and china . we are :
recording contain 5 chirp calls of 30 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( male ) .
recording contain 4 chirp calls of 164 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( female ) .
recording contain 5 chirp calls of 37 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( female ) .
recording contain 4 chirp calls of 145 - days - old human - raised siberian crane chick ( male ) .
anonymous . 1993 . siberian crane reintroduction attempt unsuccessful . – oriental bird club bulletin . no 17 : 12 .
sprouts were the primary forage for siberian crane at salt lick stopovers because they were readily extracted from the substratum .
qian fawen . 2003 . wintering siberian crane counted atpoyanglakein 2003 . – crane working group ofeurasianewsletter . no 6 : 6 - 7 ( in russian and english ) .
stishov , mikhail , and iinga bysykatova . 2008 . monitoring of the siberian crane breeding sites in kytalyk , yakutia , russia . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 4 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .
anonymous . 1976 . siberian crane season . – the brolga bugle . vol . 3 ( 1 ) : 1 .
davis , malcolm . 1969 . siberian crane longevity . – auk . vol . 86 ( 2 ) : 347 .
jiang hongxing , and qian fawen . 2007 . summary of the meeting on monitoring the migration of the siberian crane in chinain 2006 / 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 21 ( in russian and english ) .
research on optimal nesting sites of the eastern population of siberian crane in the tundra ( the indigirka river basin ) .
dense siberian crane and elk footprints , while fragments of green sprouts were observed on the exposed peat and peat mud .
degtyaryev , andrey , and maria vladimirtseva . 2007 . crane art in yakutsk . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 15 ( in russian and english ) .
li fengshan . 2003 . siberian crane gef project . – china crane news . vol . 7 ( 1 ) : 6 - 7 ( in chinese and english ) .
kashentseva , t . a . 2002 . success of siberian crane breeding in captivity . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century : abstracts of international crane workshop . – china crane news . vol . 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 19 - 20 .
of the 15 species of cranes , only the sandhill crane ( grus canadensis ) , brolga crane ( grus rubicunda ) , demoiselle crane ( anthropoides virgo ) , eurasia crane or common crane ( grus grus ) , and gray crowned crane ( balearica regulorum ) are not listed as vulnerable , endangered , or critically endangered .
harris , james . 2009 . safe flyways for the siberian crane . a flyway approach conserves some of asia’s most beautiful wetands and waterbirds . international crane foundation . 99 p .
liu z , chen b ( 1991 ) the wintering ecology of the siberian crane . proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . beijing : china forestry press . pp . 109–112 .
markin , yuri , and sergei sleptsov . 2008 . survey of the siberian crane breeding area in kytalyk , yakutia , russia , in 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 8 - 9 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan , sadegh , and azin fazeli . 2008 . the siberian crane wintering in iran in winter 2007 / 2008 and 2008 / 2009 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 14 - 15 ( in russian and english ) .
vinogradov , v . v . 1982 . siberian white crane . – boolket . astrakhan . p . 1 - 6 .
shilina , a . p . 2003 . release of isolation reared siberian crane chicks at common crane staging areas . – acten - proceedings 4th european crane workshop 2000 . ed . alain salvi . fenetrange - france . p . 250 .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 1991 . the siberian crane in iran . – proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 341 - 347 .
markin , yu . m . , and a . a . kashin . 2001 . siberian crane . release of siberian cranes in astrakhannature reserve . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 3 : 30 ( in russian and english ) .
prentice , crawford , and milhail stishov . 2007 . avisit to the siberian crane staging areas in the aldan and maya river valleys of southern yakutiain 2006 . siberian crane flyway news . no 8 : 17 - 18 ( in russian and english ) .
devarshi , dhirendra . 2002 . siberian crane . central flyway . india . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 3 : 31 ( in russian and english ) .
kashentseva , t . a . , and r . belterman . 2001 . international studbook : siberian crane grus leucogeranus . russia : oka crane breeding center . p . 1 - 37
moermond t . 2007 . sixth meeting of range states to siberian crane mou . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter 10 : 106 - 108 ( in russian and english ) .
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osipova , m . a . 1996 . the siberian crane in the eastern part of the range . – third european crane workshop : european crane working group at “projekt kranichschutz deutschland” . straslund : wwf / / nabu . p . 42 .
goroshko , oleg . 2007 . sightings of siberian cranes on the daurian steppe , russia , in 2007 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 5 ( in russian and english ) .
hykle , douglas . 1993 . bonn convention actions for the siberian crane . – iwrb news . vol . 10 : 13 .
kumar , p . 1994a . vanishing visitors : the great white siberian crane . – frontline . p . 63 - 74 .
markin , yuri , svetlana bobkova , pavel rozhkov , vladimir drobyshevsky , and yuri zatsepin . 2005 . siberian crane reintroduction at belozersky wildlife refuge in 2004 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 6 : 5 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .
since its first epic flight for warmer climes , the male siberian crane has clocked up enough miles to circumnavigate the earth twice .
lanovenko , e . 2002 . siberian crane spring migration 2002 . central flyway . uzbekistan . crane working group of eurasianewsletter , 4 - 5 : 27 ( in russian and english ) .
markin , yu . , a . kovshar , and a . shilina . 2001 . a record of a common crane pair with siberian crane chick . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . no 2 : 32 ( in russian and english ) .
tian xiuhua , and zhao guangying . 1997 . preliminary study on hematological indices of the hooded crane , red - crowned crane and siberian crane . – journal of bird world . vol . 23 : 38 - 41 . ( in chinese ) .
sadeghi zadegan , sadegh , azin fazeli , and kirill postelnykh . 2008 . release of the siberian crane on the wintering grounds in iran in autumn of 2008 . – siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 23 - 24 ( in russian and english ) .
pokrovskaya , i . 2007 . the first finding of the siberian crane breeding site in west siberia . crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 10 : 84 ( in russian and english ) .
vuasalo - tavakoli , e . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 29 ( in russian and english ) .
anonymous . 1980 . wwf supports siberian crane at icf . – the brolga bugle . vol . 6 ( 2 ) : 4 .
archibald , george w . 1993b . the siberian crane : a status report . – cms bulletin no . 4 ( unpaginated ) .
landfried , s . e . 1982 . pakistan : new siberian crane data . – iucn bulletin . july / august / september .
sackl , peter . 2003 . siberian white crane . – british birds . vol . 96 ( 9 ) : 449 - 453 .
sinha , vivek . 2000 . unusual behaviour of a siberian crane . – hornbill ( july - september ) : 28 - 29 .
sudilovskaya , a . m . 1948 . siberian crane and its distribution . – nature protection . no 13 ( in russian ) .
will the three gorges dam affect the underwater light climate of vallisneria spiralis l . and food habitat of siberian crane in poyang lake ?
gree , n . gist , lacy i . moffett , and g . d . wilder . 1926 . atentative list of chinese birds . part 1 . bulletin no . 1 of the peking society of natural history . p . 1 - 370 . ( distribution of eurasian crane , red - crowned crane , hooded crane , black - necked crane , white - naped crane , siberian crane and demoiselle crane in china , see pp . 62 - 64 ) ( in english and chinese ) .
horwich , robert h . 1992 . isolated - rearing of siberian crane chicks in the international crane foundation . – proceedings , 1988 north american crane workshop , 22 - 24 february 1988 . eds : don a . wood . p . 244 - 248 .
bragin , e . a . 2001 . siberian crane - 2001 . kazakhstan . observations of the siberian cranes ( grus leucogeranus pall . ) at naurzum in 2001 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 3 : 27 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .
belterman , r . 2005 . siberian crane propagation in western europein 2004 and 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 9 : 69 - 70 ( in russian and english ) .
bragin , e . a . siberian crane records in kazakhstan from 2007 to 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 50 - 51 ( in russian and english ) .
rozenfeld , s . b . a siberian crane sighting in azerbaijan in january 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 74 ( in russian and english ) .
shevchenko , e . p . 2011 . siberian crane record in chaunskaya gulf , chukotka . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 53 . ( in russian and english ) .
tseveenmyadag , n . 2011 . siberian crane records in mongolia from 2007 to 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 53 - 55 ( in russian and english ) .
zou changlin . 2009 . migration status of siberian crane in momoge nr in spring 2009 . – china crane news . vol . 13 ( 1 ) : 3 ( in chinese and english ) .
the united nations environment program ( unep ) and the international crane foundation conducted the unep / gef siberian crane wetland project from 2003 to 2009 to protect and manage a network of sites across asia .
siberian cranes are the only crane species with serrated edges on their beaks . the serrations make gripping slippery prey , such as fish and frogs , much easier . siberian cranes also eat roots , berries and seeds .
english : japanese crane , manchurian crane ; french : grue du japon ; german : mandschurenkranich ; spanish : grulla manchü .
dong lingli . 2003 . siberian white crane studbook ( grus leucogeranus ) 2002 . beijing , china : beijing zoological gardens . 34 pp .
freeman , scott . 1984 . chinaestablishes refuge for siberian crane . – the icf bugle . vol . 10 ( 1 ) : 1 .
futehally , z . 1992 . the siberian crane . – newsletter for birdwatchers . vol . 32 ( 9 & 10 ) : 2 .
unep , and cms , ed . 1996 . siberian crane memorandum of understanding . – cms bulletin . no 5 , 6 : 5 .
unep , and cms , ed . 2001 . siberian crane wetlands gef meeting . – cms bulletin . no 13 . p . 18 .
davidson , neil . a possible hybrid common crane ( gg ) x siberian white crane ( gl ) inturkey . – bulletin ornithological society , middle east . vol . 15 ( 1 ) : 3 .
kashentseva , t . , and r . belterman . 2007 . the international siberian crane studbook . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 10 : 51 - 53 ( in russian and english ) .
qian fawen . 2004 . the 2nd guilding committee meeting of “siberian crane gef project” was held inbeijing . china crane news . vol . 8 ( 1 ) : 39 ( in chinese and english ) .
tseveenmydag , n . 2005 . summer sightings of the siberian crane in mongolia in 2004 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 9 : 22 - 23 ( in russian and english ) .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 2011 . siberian crane wintering in iran in 2010 / 11 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 11 : 74 - 75 ( in russian and english ) .
zhou jingying . 2003 . spring migration of siberian crane at tumuji national nature reserve , 2003 . – china crane news . vol . 7 ( 2 ) : 9 ( in chinese and english ) .
the international crane foundation ( icf ) is a cms partner organization that provides the technical coordination of the mou through the position of the siberian crane flyway coordinator , which is co - funded by cms .
shaw tsen - hwang . 1936 . the birds of hopei province . – zoologia sinica . series b . the vertebrates of china . vol . 15 . fan memorial institute of biology , peiping ( peking ) china . p . 1 - 974 . ( description and distribution of common crane , hooded crane , red - crowned crane , white - naped crane , siberian crane and demoiselle crane in china – see pp . 319 - 328 . ) .
bysykatova i . p . , m . v . vladimirtseva , and s . m . sleptsov . 2010 . spring migrations of the siberian crane in yakutia . – siberian ecological journal . novosibirsk ( in russian ) .
smirenski , sergei . 2008 . the sightings of siberian cranes in muraviovka park , amur region , during spring migration 2008 . siberian crane flyway news . no 10 : 12 - 13 ( in russian and english ) .
these crane species occur as two distinct populations , arctic east siberian ( between the yana and the alazeya rivers in yakutia ) group and west siberian ( the river basins of the ob , konda and sossva ) group .
liu zhiyong , and chen bin . 1991 . the wintering ecology of the siberian crane . – proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . ( chapter 3 ) : 109 - 112 .
english : little brown crane , canadian crane ; french : grue du canada ; german : kanadakranich ; spanish : grulla canadiense .
tokarskaya , olga n . , et al . 1996 . analysis of relatedness and genetic diversity in the siberian crane by dna fingerprinting . – 3rd european crane workshop : european crane working group at “project kranichschutz deutschland” . stralsund : wwf / / nabu . p . 52 .
wu zhigang , han xiaodong , and wang li . 1987 . observations of migratory siberian crane at momoge nature reserve . – proceedings 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 135 - 138 .
archibald , george w . 1996 . conservation of siberian cranes inwest asia . – 3rd european crane workshop : european crane working group at “projekt kranichschutz deutschland” . stralsund : wwf / nabu . p . 19 .
goroshko , o . s . 2002 . siberian crane . eastern flyway . russia . dauria . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 3 : 31 ( in russian and english ) .
ilyashenko , e . i . 2003 . siberian crane migration according to ptt data . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no . 6 : 14 - 15 ( in russian and english ) .
smirenski , s . 2007 . sighting of the siberian crane in amur region in 2006 . - crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no . 10 : 38 ( in russian and english ) .
wang hui . 2007 . sighting of the siberian crane in yancheng nnr , china , in 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia . moscow . no 10 : 44 ( in russian and english ) .
yang zhaofeng ( translator ) . 1999 . research information of central population of siberian crane . – china crane news . vol . 3 ( 2 ) : 22 - 23 ( in chinese and english ) .
yang zhaofeng ( translator ) . 2002 . results of the 4th meeting of siberian crane range states . – china crane news . vol . 6 ( 1 ) : 41 ( in chinese and english ) .
nagendran , meenakshi . 1995 . crane conservation efforts : siberian , sandhill and whooping cranes , with emphasis on the siberian crane . – the proceedings of the fourth annual international crane symposium : “people , water and wildlife : human population impacts on cranes” . ed . tim wohlgenant . boulder , colorado : national audubon society . p . 11 - 15 .
bhatnagar , r . 1980 . acase of tumour in siberian crane . – newsletter for birdwatchers . vol . 20 ( 4 ) : 16 .
brar , arvinder s . 1994 . land of the siberian crane . – sanctuary . vol . 14 ( 4 ) : 14 - 21 .
sauey , ronald t . 1981 . saving the siberian crane . an international effort . – span , 22 ( 5 ) : 21 - 25
vorobjev , k . a . 1965 . siberian crane in yakutia . – nature . no 4 : 88 - 90 ( in russian ) .
calls and songs : sounds by xeno - canto the siberian crane utters more musical sounds than the other cranes , usually flute - like calls .
) . siberian cranes were observed foraging in the shallow water during the whole winter , and we did not find a single crane on grasslands .
proceedings of the project completion workshop of the unep / gef siberian crane wetland project , 14 - 15 october , 2009 , harbin , china .
one of these was reportedly a regular stopover location for several hundred siberian cranes .
in the early 1970s , there were fewer than 10 siberian cranes in captivity worldwide . they had never reproduced in captivity . adopting a different approach , captive populations of siberian cranes were established from eggs collected from wild siberian cranes in eastern siberia through collaboration between the international crane foundation ( icf ) in the usa and oka state nature reserve in russia . the first captive breeding was achieved at icf in 1981 with the birth of siberian crane , «dushenka» .
germogenov , nikolai , sergei sleptsov , inga bysykatova , and maria vladimirtseva . 2007 . russian - chinese joint field work on research of the siberian crane eastern population in momoge nnr , china . – siberian crane flyway news . no 9 : 8 - 9 ( in russian and english ) .
naumov , p . p . 1979 . siberian crane in kirenga . – migration and ecology of birds in siberia . yakutsk : yakutian branch of siberian division , ussracademyof sciences . p . 97 . ( in russian ) . .
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bragin , e . a . 2007 . the siberian crane sightings in kazakhstanduring migrations 2006 and 2007 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 10 : 26 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .
parilov , m . 2007 . the siberian crane sighting in ganukan wildlife refuge in 2007 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 38 - 39 ( in russian and english ) .
prentice , crawford . 2003 . unep / gef siberian crane wetlands project meeting in moscowand tehran . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 6 : 33 - 34 ( in russian and english ) .
su liying . 2011 . some stopover records for the siberian crane in 2010 and 2011 in china . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 60 - 62 ( in russian and english ) .
archibald , george w . 1981c . a siberian crane chick ! – the brolga bugle . vol . 7 ( 3 ) : 1 , 3 .
landfried , s . e . 1983 . saving the siberian crane : another step . – wwf - pakistan newsletter . vol . 2 ( 1 )
maguire , kelly . 1999 . project sterkh : summary of siberian crane reintroduction program 1983 - 1998 . – conservation measures for the siberian crane : cms technical series publication no . 1 . eds . unep / cms . bonn , germany : unep / cms secretariat . p . 153 - 173 .
scheiffer , h . 1985 . to siberian crane protection . – unsere jagd . vol . 35 ( 2 ) : 62 ( in german ) .
the iucn ( international union for conservation of nature ) has categorized and evaluated these siberian crane species and has listed them as
critically endangered
.
the historic breeding area of the siberian crane extended from the ural mountains south to the ishim and tobol rivers , and east to the kolyma region .
potapov e ( 1992 ) some breeding observations on the siberian white crane grus leucogeranus in the kolyma lowlands . bird conserv . internatn 2 : 149–156 .
elk activity led to areas of peat exposure in bogs where the availability of edible grass rhizomes and readily extractable sprouts were increased for the siberian crane .
soviet working group for crane research . 1995 . siberian crane project : a five - year plan . - crane research and protection in europe . a . proceedings of the palaearctic crane workshop in tallinn , estonia , 1989 . ed . hartwig prange . halle - wittenberg : martin - luther - universitaat / / lufthansa . p . 305 - 307 .
andronov , v . a . 2002 . siberian crane . eastern flyway . russia . jewish autonomous region . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 3 : 31 ( in russian and english ) .
ilyashenko , e . ( author - compiler ) . 2010 . atlas for the siberian crane and other waterbirds in western / central asia . international crane foundation , baraboo , usa , 130 p . ( russian version )
lanovenko , e . 2004 . geography and phenology of siberian crane sightings in uzbekistan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 66 - 68 ( in russian and english ) .
majin , ch . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . azerbaijan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 7 - 8 : 61 , 63 ( in russian and english ) .
qian fawen . 2005 . report on monitoring the migration of siberian crane inchina , 2004 - 2005 . – china crane news . vol . 9 ( 2 ) : 24 - 25 ( in chinese and english ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2003 . siberian crane spring migration 2003 . western flyway . russia . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 6 : 12 - 13 ( in russian and english ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2011 . sighting of the siberian crane in astrakhannature reserve in the fall of 2007 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 52 ( in russian and english ) .
maksudov , g . , and t . kashentseva . 2002 . sperm storage and sperm competition in artificially inseminated siberian cranes . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century . abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 20 - 21 .
sorokin , a . g . , a . p . shilina , yu . m . markin . 2002 . ten years of siberian crane introduction in west siberia : results and perspectives . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century , abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol . 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 38 - 39 .
siberian cranes sometimes cause root damage to crops as they feed on roots and shoots .
siberian cranes migrate to the arctic tundra to breed in late april and early may .
this is exemplified by data obtained on the fat reserves of three migrating siberian cranes .
the siberian crane flyway coordination enhances communication among the large network of scientists , governmental agencies , biologists , private organizations , and citizens involved with siberian crane conservation . since 2002 , dr . george archibald has traveled yearly to afghanistan and pakistan to augment awareness programs that contribute to safer migrations for siberian cranes . he also works with the united arab emirates to support migration corridor conservation in western asia .
archibald , george w . 1981a . last call for the siberian crane . – natural history . vol . 90 ( 3 ) : 58 - 61 .
archibald , george w . 1983 . siberian crane eggs fly east . – the brolga bugle . vol . 9 ( 3 ) : 1 , 3 .
harrap , s . 1987 . comments on historical records of the siberian white crane in turkey . – ocme bull . no 19 : 18 - 19 .
landfried , s . e . 1982 . siberian crane stamp soon a reality . – the icf bugle . vol . 8 ( 4 ) : 4 .
mirande , claire m . 2003 . my life with siberian crane . – the icf bugle . vol . 29 ( 3 ) : 6 - 7 .
shiirevdamba , ts . , ed . 1997 . siberian crane . – mongolian red book . ulaanbaatar . p . 115 ( in mongolian and russian ) .
sinha , v . r . 1991 . arequiem for the siberian crane . – sanctuary asia . vol . xi ( 1 ) : 26 - 35 .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 1989 . conservation policy for siberian cranes in iran . – asia crane congress . typescript . p . 1 - 7 .
bragin , e . a . 2003 . the siberian crane spring migration 2003 . western flyway . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 6 : 12 - 13 ( in russian and english ) .
lanovenko , e . 2005 . winter ecology of the eurasian cranein uzbekistan : existing conditions for the siberian crane reintroduction . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 9 : 52 - 54 ( in russian and english ) .
liu yunzheng , and jia daojing . 2004 . observation on the feeding behavior of wintering siberian crane inpoyanglake . – china crane news . vol . 8 ( 1 ) : 7 - 8 ( in chinese and english ) .
markin , yuri , and sadegh sadeghi zadegan . 2007 . the siberian crane release in iranin winter 2006 / 2007 . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 10 : 54 ( in russian and english ) .
qian fawen , and simba chan . 2007 . sighting of a banded siberian crane in yellow river delta , china . – crane working group of eurasia . moscow . no 10 : 61 ( in russian and english ) .
tseveenmyadag , n . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . eastern flyway . mongolia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 29 - 30 ( in russian and english ) .
vardhan , harsh . 2002b . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . central flyway . india . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 29 - 30 ( in russian and english ) .
vladimirtseva , m . v . 2011 . the siberian crane fall migration in okhotsky perevoz , yakutia , in 2008 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 58 . ( in russian and english ) .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 2003 . siberian crane spring migration 2003 . western flyway . iran . crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 6 : 12 , 13 . ( in russian and english ) .
zhang enquan , and zhang jing . 2005 . siberian crane propagation at beijing zoo , china , in 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 71 ( in russian and english ) .
ashtiani , mohammad ali . 1987 . siberian crane as a wintering bird iniran . – proceedings of the 1983 international crane workshop , bharatpur , india . eds . george w . archibald and r . f . pasquier . baraboo , wisconsin : international crane foundation . p . 135 - 137 .
english : blue - necked crane , royal crane ; french : grue royale ; german : südafrikanischer kronenkranich ; spanish : grulla coronada cuelligrís .
science expeditions sponsored by the all - russia research institute for nature protection and preserves in 1977 - 1978 collected 12 eggs of siberian crane of the eastern population and sent them to the international crane foundation . in 1979 17 more eggs were transported from yakutia to the ocbc and the bird park walsrode in germany . such was the beginning of the first population of siberian crane in captivity .
wu jiandong . 2002 . study on the behavior of siberian cranes in wintering period . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century , abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol . 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 69 , 29 - 30 ( in chinese and english ) .
rustamov , a . k . 1999 . white crane , or siberian crane . – red data book of turkmenistan . vol . 1 . invertebrate and vertebrate animals . ashgabat , turkmenistan , 256 - 257 ( in russian ) .
sleptsov , s . 2007 . siberian crane breeding in kytalyk resource reserve , yakutia , russia , in 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow , 10 : 16 - 17 ( in russian and english ) .
strelnikova , o . g . 2011 . siberian crane sightings in khanty - mansi autonomous region in 2008 and 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 47 - 49 ( in russian and english ) .
archibald , george w . 1994 . the fading call of the siberian crane . – national geographic . vol . 185 ( 5 ) : 125 - 136 .
kashkarov , d . yu . 1988 . siberian crane . – red data book of the uzbekskaya ssr . p . 92 - 93 ( in russian ) .
landfried , s . e . 1981 . first rare siberian crane hatches in captivity . – wwf news . vol . 13 . july / aug : 3 .
mirande , claire m . 2003 . siberian crane wetlands project : on the staging ground and ready to fly . – cms bulletin . no 18 : 16 .
tarunin , m . 1928 . on siberian crane in tobolsk region . – “ural’skiy okhotnik” ( ural hunter ) . vol . 5 ( 3 ) : 5 .
xu jie , and jiang zingzing . 1985 . endangered species – siberian crane . – chinese wildlife . vol . 3 : 30 - 40 ( in chinese )
the main breeding grounds cover 82 , 000 km2 in the yakutia region of northeastern siberia , south of the east siberian sea between the yana and kolyma rivers . kytalyk republic resource reserve is a site of breeding grounds with the highest siberian crane densities .
bragin , e . a . 2002 . endangered species - 2001 . the siberian crane - 2001 . western flyway . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 3 : 30 ( in russian and english ) .
bragin , e . a . 2002 . the siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 26 , 27 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .
chan , simba . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . eastern flyway . hong - kong . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 28 , 30 ( in russian and english ) .
goroshko , o . a . 2011 . siberian crane sightings in dauria ( transbaikalia ) from 2007 to 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 56 - 57 ( in russian and english ) .
kashentseva , t . a . , and r . belterman . 2002 . siberian crane in captivity . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 52 - 53 ( in russian and english ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2002 . siberian crane spring migration 2002 . western flyway . russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 25 , 26 ( in russian and english ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2002 . siberian crane autumn migration 2002 . western flyway . russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 26 - 28 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan s . 2005 . the siberian crane wintering in iran in 2004 / 2005 and 2005 / 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 50 - 51 ( in russian and english ) .
sun xiaowei , zhen haishen , yu baijiang . 2002 . migration trend of siberian crane at momoge in spring 2002 . – china crane news . vol . 6 ( 2 ) : 17 - 18 ( in chinese and english ) .
tseveenmyadag , n . 2001 . endangered species - 2001 . siberian crane - 2001 . eastern flyway . mongolia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 3 : 29 , 31 ( in russian and english ) .
vuosalo - tavakoli , ellen . 2002 . siberian crane spring migration 2002 . western flyway . iran . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 25 , 26 ( in russian and english ) .
yang yan . 2007 . record number of the siberian crane in liaoning province , china , in autumn 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 41 - 42 ( in russian and english ) .
zhou haixiang . 2006 . the finding and protection of siberian crane and other waterfowls in key migratory sites in liaoning . – china crane news . vol . 10 ( 1 ) : 32 - 34 ( in chinese and english ) .
anonymous . 1996 . sos for siberian cranes . – hornbill . no 3 : 27 .
adequate forage for siberian cranes in the marshes included the roots of hydrophilic sedges and horsetails .
kashentseva , t . a . 2007 . crane propagation at oka crane breeding center in 2006 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 45 - 48 ( in russian and english ) .
kashentseva , t . a . 2011 . crane propagation in oka crane breeding center in 2010 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 82 - 86 ( in russian and english ) .
according to the iucn red list , the total population size of the siberian crane is 3 , 500 - 4 , 000 individuals . siberian cranes’ numbers are decreasing today and they are classified as critically endangered ( cr ) on the list of threatened species .
the following habitats are found across the siberian crane distribution range . find out more about these environments , what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them .
dessauer hc , gee gf , rogers js ( 1992 ) allozyme evidence for crane systematics and polymorphisms within populations of sandhill , sarus , siberian , and whooping cranes .
anonymous . 1975 . the siberian crane icf’s target species for 1975 - 76 . – the brolga bugle . vol . 2 ( 1 ) : 1 , 3 .
babenko , v . g . 2000 . siberian crane . – birds of lower priamuriye . moscow : “prometei” publishing house . p . 204 ( in russian ) .
dey , s . c . 1993 . siberian crane – status report and indian situation . indian forester . vol . 119 ( 10 ) : 783 - 792 .
malik , d . 1991a . the siberian crane in the littlerann of kutch . – newsletter for birdwatchers . vol . 31 ( 1 / 2 ) : 13 .
moriguchi , kazuaki . 1978 . arecord of the siberian white crane grus leucogeranus found in hokkaido , japan . – tori . vol . 27 : 37 - 38 .
rogacheva , e . v . 1980 . siberian crane . – animals of krasnoyarsk territory . krasnoyarsk : krasnoyarsk book publishers . p . 90 ( in russian ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2007 . siberian crane ( grus leucogeranus ) . – astrakhan encyclopaedia . astrakhan . p . 377 - 378 ( in russian ) .
sharma , v . d . , and s . sharma . 1991 . the vanishing siberian crane . – indian forester . vol . 117 : 850 - 855 .
vinogradov , v . v . 1977 . protect the siberian crane . – “okhota i okhotnichiye khozyaistvo” ( hunting and hunting economy ) . no . 7 : 5 .
the siberian crane mou was the first one to be developed under the auspices of cms . it was concluded on 1 july 1993 and revised on 1 january 1999 .
bragin , e . a . 2002 . the siberian crane spring migration 2002 . western flyway . kazakhstan . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 25 , 26 ( in russian and english ) .
kashentseva , t . , and r . belterman . 2011 . the fifth issue of the international siberian crane studbook . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 89 - 92 ( in russian and english ) .
markin , yu . m . , sleptsov , s . m . the siberian crane banding in yakutia in 2008 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 11 : 106 - 107 ( in russian and english ) .
mirande , claire . 2007 . safeguarding a chain of important wetlands – the midterm review for our siberian crane wetland project . – china crane news . vol . 11 ( 1 ) : 21 - 22 ( in chinese and english ) .
prentice , crawford . 2007 . the unep / gef siberian crane wetlands project – status at the end of phase 1 . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 10 : 63 - 66 ( in russian and english ) .
qian fawen , and jiang hongxing . 2006 . summery of monitoring the migration of siberian crane in chinain 2005 - 2006 . – china crane news . vol . 10 ( 1 ) : 35 - 36 ( in chinese and english ) .
though it is easy to distinguish this species of crane from others , it is really difficult to distinguish a male from a female siberian crane . both are of almost the same size and have similar features ; it is just that the female crane is a little smaller in size and has a little shorter beak .
chan , simba . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . eastern flyway . japan . – crane working group of eurasia . moscow . no 4 - 5 : 62 , 64 ( in russian and english ) .
ilyashenko , v . yu . 2005 . on the history of discovery and origination of name “sterkh” ( siberian crane ) . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no . 9 : 122 - 125 ( in russian and english ) .
liu yunzheng , and jia daojing . 2000 . report on the distribution of siberian crane at poyang lake in november , 1999 . – china crane news . vol . 4 ( 2 ) : 4 - 5 ( in chinese and english ) .
markin , yu . , and s . sadeghi zadegan . 2004 . siberian crane reintroduction in islamic republic of iran . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 36 - 37 ( in russian and english ) .
sorokin , a . g . 2003 . the siberian crane in the european part of russia . historical and recent data . – acten - proceedings 4th european crane workshop 2000 . ed . alain salvi . fenetrange - france . p . 249 .
vladimirtseva , m . , and s . sleptsov . 2005 . observation on nest building activity of the siberian crane . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 29 - 31 . ( in russian and english ) .
birdlife international . 2003 .
siberian crane
( on - line ) . red data book : threatened birds of asia . accessed october 31 , 2005 at urltoken .
dey , s . c . 1994 . siberian crane : status report and indian situation . – environ magazine . vol . 11 ( 1 ) : 57 - 61 .
maranko , m . 1989 . wintering behaviour of the siberian crane in keoladeo national park , bharatpur during 1988 - 89 . m . phil . thesis , bharathidasan university .
mercier , mary . 2007 . siberian crane range states meet to protect the “lily of birds” . – the icf bugle . vol . 33 ( 3 ) : 4 .
ostapenko , m . m . 1987 . gruiformes . siberian crane . – the birds of uzbekistan . tashkent : “fan” publ . house . p . 274 - 275 .
sludski , a . a . 1959 . siberian crane distribution and biology . – ornithology . moscow . vol . 2 : 159 - 162 . ( in russian ) .
unep , and cms , ed . 2001 . results of the fourth meeting of the siberian crane range states . – cms bulletin . no 14 : 8 - 9 .
ushakov , v . e . 1925 . about siberian white crane and owls . – “ural’skiy okhotnik” ( ural hunter ) . vol . 2 ( 3 ) : 39 .
simple procedures aimed at exposing peat formation in bogs along the siberian crane migration routes might facilitate the passage for weaker cranes ( in the worst - case conservation scenario ) .
the last remaining western siberian crane has returned to its winter home in iran for the seventh consecutive year - having clocked up an incredible 78 , 000km in the process .
kashentseva , t . a . 2005 . crane propagation at oka crane breeding center in 2004 and 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 60 - 64 ( in russian and english ) .
wu zhigang , han xiaodong , and wang li . 1987 . observations of the siberian white crane ( grus leucogeranus ) migrating to the momoge nature reserve . – abstracts 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 38 ( in chinese abstracts ) .
these siberian cranes were frightened off three times by motorboats passing at 15 to 20 min intervals .
consequently , siberian cranes did not encounter their habitual foraging conditions while migrating across the taiga zone .
markin , yu . m . , and s . sadeghi zadegan . 2003 . siberian crane wintering in iranin 2002 / 03 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 6 : 4 - 6 ( in russian and english ) .
wang qishan , and james t . harris , eds . 2002 . crane research : status and direction for the 21st century , abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol 6 ( supplement ) . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 1 - 80 .
the siberian crane can be found in a number of locations including : arctic , asia , china , russia . find out more about these places and what else lives there .
bragin , e . a . 2002 . red data book . the siberian crane . – kazakhstan ornithological newsletter . almaty : “tethys” . p . 73 ( in russian ) .
roschevsky , yu . k . 1973 . on breeding of siberian crane in priyanskaya tundra . – animals of volgariver basin . p . 34 - 38 ( in russian ) .
bog areas that were difficult for humans to access tended to retain a high local density of elk , which had very important effects on the foraging conditions for the siberian crane .
li jinlu , and feng kemin . 1991 . overwintering of red - crowned and siberian cranes in china . – proceedings of 1987 international crane workshop . ed . james t . harris . baraboo , wis . : international crane foundation . p . 191 .
markin , yu . , a . ermakov , and yu . zatsepin . 2004 . siberian crane reintroduction in kunovatriver basinin 2003 . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 33 - 36 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan , s . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . the western flyway . i . r . iran . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter , 7 - 8 : 63 ( in russian and english ) .
sadeghi zadegan , s . and a . fazeli . 2011 . the siberian crane wintering in iran in 2007 / 2008 and 2008 / 2009 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . no 11 : 72 - 73 ( in russian and english ) .
chan , simba . 2005 . data on crane sightings . japan . – crane working group of eurasia , 9 : 49 ( in russian and english ) .
nesterenko , o . n . 2002 . use of genetic methods for sexing cranes captive breeding programs . – crane research : status and direction for the 21st century . abstracts of international crane workshop . china crane news . vol 6 supplement . beijing , china : china ornithological society , international crane foundation . p . 43
nagendran , meenakshi , and robert h . horwich . 1992 . isolation - rearing of siberian crane chicks at the international crane foundation . – proceedings , 1988 north american crane workshop : nongame wildlife program technical report . don a . wood . [ tallahassee , florida ] : floridagame and fresh water fish commission . p . 245 - 248 .
jiang hongxing , and qian fawen . 2007 . summary of the meeting on monitoring the migration of the siberian crane in chinain 2006 / 2007 . – china crane news . vol . 11 ( 1 ) : 21 - 23 ( in chinese and english ) .
markin , yuri , and sadegh sadeghi zadegan . 2004 . search for alternative siberian crane wintering grounds in i . r . iran . – crane working group of eurasianewsletter . moscow . no 7 - 8 : 68 - 69 ( in russian and english ) .
markin , yu . , g . rusanov , and a . kashin . 2005 . siberian crane reintroduction in astrakhan nature reserve in 2004 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 76 - 79 ( in russian and english ) .
rusanov , g . m . 2004 . brief information on the fall migration of the siberian crane . the western flyway . russia . – newsletter of the crane working group of eurasia . moscow . vol . 7 - 8 : 63 ( in russian ) .
sadeghi zadegan , s . , and g . archibald . 2005 . the siberian crane reintroduction in fereydoon kenar , iran , in 2005 . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 9 : 80 - 81 ( in russian and english ) .
vladimirtseva , m . , and e . ilyashenko e . 2007 . the siberian crane migration in indigirka river valley , yakutia , russia . – crane working group of eurasia newsletter . moscow . no 10 : 29 - 31 ( in russian and english ) .
che guicui , and ben yahua . 2000 . cure of fracture of a siberian crane . –heilongjiang animal science and veterinary medicine . vol . 1 : 27 ( in chinese ) .
friedman , judy . 1992 . operation siberian crane : the story behind the international effort to save an amazing bird . new york : dillon press . p . 1 - 96 .
germogenov , n . i . ( ed . ) . 1999 . siberian crane ecology and migration . research report . yakutsk . p . 1 - 25 ( in russian ) .
kasparek , max . 1987 . historical records of the siberian white crane in turkey . – bull . ornithol . soc . middle east . vol . 18 : 4 - 6 .
lanovenko , eugenia . 2003 . summering and autumn migration 2003 . central population . uzbekistan . – siberian crane flyway news . no 5 : 10 ( in russian and english ) .


laurasiformes ( meaning " laurasian forms " ) is an extinct clade of sauropod dinosaurs from the late early cretaceous of europe , north and south america .

defined in 2009 by the spanish paleontologist rafael royo-torres as a clade containing sauropods more closely related to tastavinsaurus than to saltasaurus .

genera purported to form part of this clade include aragosaurus , galvesaurus , phuwiangosaurus , venenosaurus , cedarosaurus , tehuelchesaurus , sonorasaurus and tastavinsaurus .

its exact position and validity is uncertain and varies between authors .

a cladistics analysis found a similar grouping outside titanosauriformes , while others have placed them inside somphospondyli or brachiosauridae , consequently , it has been suggested that tehuelchesaurus along with others of the previously mentioned genera , form two different clades outside titanosaurimorfes ( carbadillo et al. , 2011 ) while a more recent cladistics analysis found no support for the existence of the clade , with a revision of its supporting features finding them problematic due to being poorly defined , not present on most of the " laurasiforms " or being features present in many sauropods of other clades .

laurasiformes

here is a list of species found with the tag
laurasiformes
. click here for a full listing of all species in the paleodex .
► description of a new specimen of the sauropod tastavinsaurus sanzi . ► the newly elements confirm the inclusion of this taxon in the clade titanosauriformes . ► laurasiformes is a clade inside of titanosauriformes which containing tastavinsaurus , cedarosaurus and venenosaurus .
r . royo - torres and l . alcalá . 2012 . a new specimen of the cretaceous sauropod tastavinsaurus sanzi from el castellar ( teruel , spain ) , and a phylogenetic analysis of the laurasiformes . cretaceous research 34 ( 1 ) : 61 - 83
. . . alamosaurus was recovered as a member of the saltasaurinae rather than the sister taxon of opisthocoelicaudia as in wilson ( 2002 ) and gonzález riga et al . ( 2009 ) , or the outgroup to saltasauridae as in upchurch et al . ( 2004 ) and carballido et al . ( 2011a ) . ' laurasiformes ' several authors have found support for a clade of mostly early cretaceous laurasian sauropods , termed ' laurasiformes ' ( canudo et al . , 2008 ; barco , 2009 ; royo - torres , 2009 ; royo - torres et al . , 2012 ) . ' laurasiformes ' was defined by royo - torres ( 2009 ) as a stem - based clade containing sauropods more closely related to tastavinsaurus than saltasaurus , and has been found to include laurasian taxa such as galvesaurus , aragosaurus , tastavinsaurus , phuwiangosaurus , cedarosaurus , sonorasaurus , venenosaurus , and a single gondwanan genus , tehuelchesaurus ( carballido et al . , 2011b ) . . . .
laurasiformes ( meaning ` laurasian forms ` ) is an extinct clade of sauropod dinosaurs from the late early cretaceous of europe , north and south america . defined in 2009 by the spanish paleontologist rafael royo - torres as a clade containing sauropods more closely related to tastavinsaurus than to saltasaurus . genera purported to form part of this c . . . . .
this work describes a new specimen of the sauropod tastavinsaurus sanzi , the second of this species recovered . found at the la canaleta site ( ct - 19 ) at el castellar ( teruel , spain ) , this new specimen is partially articulated . the site lies at the base of the forcall formation ( early aptian in age ) , which is composed of clays and sand , suggesting the area to have been a very shallow , tidal , coastal environment before becoming deeper at the margin of the maestrazgo basin . the anatomical elements of t . sanzi recovered include 16 dorsal ribs , some remains of the pelvic girdle , a radius , and a complete hindlimb . the original diagnosis of t . sanzi is revised . the characters of this new specimen confirm it to be a taxon of titanosauriformes , and allow its inclusion within the clade laurasiformes , which currently has three taxa : tastavinsaurus , cedarosaurus and venenosaurus . laurasiformes might have its origin in the late jurassic of laurasia and a radiation that occurred in the early cretaceous .
this work describes a new specimen of the sauropod tastavinsaurus sanzi , the second of this species recovered . found at the la canaleta site ( ct - 19 ) at el castellar ( teruel , spain ) , this new specimen is partially articulated . the site lies at the base of the forcall formation ( early aptian in age ) , which is composed of clays and sand , suggesting the area to have been a very shallow , tidal , coastal environment before becoming deeper at the margin of the maestrazgo basin . the anatomical elements of t . sanzi recovered include 16 dorsal ribs , some remains of the pelvic girdle , a radius , and a complete hindlimb . the original diagnosis of t . sanzi is revised . the characters of this new specimen confirm it to be a taxon of titanosauriformes , and allow its inclusion within the clade laurasiformes , which currently has three taxa : tastavinsaurus , cedarosaurus and venenosaurus . laurasiformes might have its origin in the late jurassic of laurasia and a radiation that occurred in the early cretaceous .
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parent taxon : titanosauriformes according to r . royo - torres et al . 2012
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. . . there are many recent phylogenetic analyses of sauropoda , which vary greatly in number of terminal taxa and examined characters and have produced conflicting results ( curry rogers and forster , 2001 ; wilson , 2002 ; upchurch et al . , 2004 ; curry rogers , 2005 ; bonaparte et al . , 2006 ; rose , 2007 ; canudo et al . , 2008 ; gonzá lez riga et al . , 2009chure et al . , 2010 ; ksepka and norell , 2010 ; carballido et al . , 2011acarballido et al . , , 2011bsantucci and de arruda - campos , 2011 ; whitlock , 2011 ; zaher et al . , 2011 ; royo - torres et al . , 2012 ; mannion et al . , 2013mannion et al . , , 2017carballido and sander , 2014 ; gorscak et al . , 2014 ; lacovara et al . , table 1 measurements ( in mm ) of vertebrae of sibirotitan astrosacralis nov . gen . , nov . . . .
. . . the discovery of more material and an accurate systematic revision will be important to obtain a more precise phylogenetic approach for this taxon . more recently , the presence of more turiasaurian occurrences in spain , portugal , france , the uk , tanzania and morocco has been suggested ( mateus 2009 ; royo - torres et al . 2009 ; royo - torres and cobos 2009 ; santos et al . 2009 ; ortega et al . 2010 ; cobos et al . 2011 ; mocho et al . 2012 ; royo - torres and upchurch 2012 ; mateus et al . 2014 ; royo - torres , cobos , et al . 2014 ; suñer et al . 2014 ; xing et al . 2015 ) . from spain , an unnamed specimen from . . .
. . . comparisons of aragosaurus with other sauropods result in the recognition of several new autapomorphies for the las zabacheras taxon . we analyse the phylogenetic relationships of aragosaurus using revised versions of the ' traditional ' data sets presented by wilson ( 2002 ) and ) that include improved sampling of iberian sauropods ( torres & upchurch , 2012 ; royo - torres , alcalá & cobos , 2012 ) . we also discuss its position based on a recent analysis of titanosauriform interrelationships ( ) . . . .
. . . neural spines project posterodorsally in the anteriormost caudal vertebrae , and are strongly directed posteriorly in middle caudal vertebrae . these caudal neural spine orientations represent the plesiomorphic condition , and thus differ from the derived anterodorsal orientation of the neural spines in some basal titanosauriforms such as tastavinsaurus , cedarosaurus , and venenosaurus ( d ' emic , 2012 ; royo - torres , alcalá & cobos , 2012 ) . the ratio of the height of the neural spine to centrum height is 1 . 25 in anterior caudal vertebrae . . . .
. . . the geographical and biochronological extension of this initial project arose in the project dinosaragón ( 2010–2012 ) , from which we can highlight advances in the research on european stegosaurs in general and their new ichnospecies deltapodus ibericus in particular ( cobos et al . 2010 ) . dinosaur remains have been documented by the dinópolis team in the tithonian–berriasian ( jurassic–cretaceous boundary ; cobos et al . 2010 ; cobos 2011 ; gascó et al . 2012 ) , upper hauterivian–barremian ( luque et al . 2006luque et al . –2007 aberasturi et al . 2009 ; royotorres et al . 2011 ; cobos and gascó 2012 ; cobos et al . 2012 ) and aptian ( royo - torres 2009 ; royo - torres et al . 2012 ) , and research interest has now moved forward to the poorly known albian age . this decision took into account the fact that valanginian and lower hauterivian sediments have never been recorded in this region because of a stratigraphical hiatus due to palaeogeographical factors . . . .
paleogeography and evolution of coastal systems of se and nw of the iberian basin ( spain ) during the latest jurassic - lower cretaceous and its relation with the record of dinosaur remains .
our research during the last 20 years has been chiefly concerned with aspects of the evolution of miocene - pliocene carnivora . areas of particular interest include the functional anatomy and systema…
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impact of the number of lymph nodes retrieved on outcome in patients with muscle invasive bladder ca . . .
purpose : we postulate that the number of lymph nodes examined in cystectomy specimens can have an impact on the outcome of patients with bladder cancer . materials and methods : we analyzed data on 322 patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy . we evaluated the associations of the number of lymph nodes identified by the . . . [ show full abstract ]
the cranial anatomy of the sauropod turiasaurus riodevensis and implications for its phylogenetic re . . .
the skull of turiasaurus is known from a nearly complete posterior section ( e . g . braincase , skull roof , quadrates and left mandible ) and fragments of the snout ( e . g . portions of premaxilla , maxilla , nasal and lacrimal ) . skull material of the holotypic individual was discovered in close association . comparisons with other sauropods suggest that the turiasaurus skull most closely resembled those . . . [ show full abstract ]
fossils of a giant sauropod dinosaur , turiasaurus riodevensis , have been recovered from terrestrial deposits of the villar del arzobispo formation ( jurassic - cretaceous boundary ) of riodeva ( teruel province , spain ) . its humerus length ( 1790 millimeters ) and estimated mass ( 40 to 48 metric tons ) indicate that it may have been the most massive terrestrial animal in europe and one of the largest . . . [ show full abstract ]
a new sauropod : tastavinsaurus sanzi gen . et sp . nov . from the early cretaceous ( aptian ) of spain
the new sauropod dinosaur tastavinsaurus sanzi , gen . et sp . nov . , from the early aptian of spain is described . the holotype is a partially articulated skeleton of an adult individual recovered from the arsis - 1 site in peñarroya de tastavins ( teruel ) at the base of the marine xert formation . it is one of the most complete and best - preserved sauropod dinosaur skeletons from the european early . . . [ show full abstract ]
a new sauropod : tastavinsaurus sanzi gen . et sp . nov . from the early cretaceous ( aptian ) of spain
the new sauropod dinosaur tastavinsaurus sanzi , gen . et sp . nov . , from the early aptian of spain is described . the holotype is a partially articulated skeleton of an adult individual recovered from the arsis - 1 site in peñarroya de tastavins ( teruel ) at the base of the marine xert formation . it is one of the most complete and bestpreserved sauropod dinosaur skeletons from the european early . . . [ show full abstract ]
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tastavinsaurus was a herbivore . it lived in the cretaceous period and inhabited europe . its fossils have been found in places such as valencian community ( spain ) .
g . cuenca - bescós and o . amo . 1999 . dinosaurios de aragón [ dinosaurs of aragon ] . zubía 17 : 235 - 257
macronaria is a clade of sauropod dinosaurs from the middle jurassic ( bathonian ) to late cretaceous periods of what are now north america , south america , europe , asia , africa and australia . the name means ' large nostrils ' ( from scientists ' reinterpretation of greek makros , ' long , ' as ' big , ' and latin nares , ' nostrils ' ) , in reference to the large nasal openings high on the head that probably supported fleshy resonating chambers . macronaria consists of a single main group , titanosauriformes , along with several more basal taxa . titanosauriformes in turn contains the brachiosaurids and the titanosaurians and is one of the largest sauropod groups , which also contains some of the longest , tallest and most massive dinosaurs of all time .
the cladogram below follows josé l . carballido , oliver w . m . rauhut , diego pol and leonardo salgado ( 2011 ) .
p . d . mannion , p . upchurch , r . n . barnes and o . mateus . 2013 . osteology of the late jurassic portuguese sauropod dinosaur lusotitan atalaiensis ( macronaria ) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms . zoological journal of the linnean society 168 : 98 - 206
p . upchurch , p . m . barrett , and p . dodson . 2004 . sauropoda . in d . b . weishampel , h . osmolska , and p . dodson ( eds . ) , the dinosauria ( 2nd edition ) . university of california press , berkeley 259 - 322
mocho , p . , royo‐torres , r . , & ortega , f . ( 2014 ) . phylogenetic reassessment of lourinhasaurus alenquerensis , a basal macronaria ( sauropoda ) from the upper jurassic of portugal . zoological journal of the linnean society , 170 ( 4 ) , 875 - 916 .
paul m . barrett , roger b . j . benson and paul upchurch ( 2010 ) .
dinosaurs of dorset : part ii , the sauropod dinosaurs ( saurischia , sauropoda ) with additional comments on the theropods
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p . d . mannion . 2010 . a revision of the sauropod dinosaur genus ' bothriospondylus ' with a redescription of the type material of the middle jurassic form ' b . madagascariensis . palaeontology 53 ( 2 ) : 277 - 296
josé l . carballido , oliver w . m . rauhut , diego pol and leonardo salgado ( 2011 ) .
mateus , o . , jacobs , l . l . , schulp , a . s . , polcyn , m . j . , tavares , t . s . , buta neto , a . , . . . & antunes , m . t . ( 2011 ) . angolatitan adamastor , a new sauropod dinosaur and the first record from angola . anais da academia brasileira de ciências , 83 ( 1 ) , 221 - 233 .
mannion , p . d . , upchurch , p . , barnes , r . n . , & mateus , o . ( 2013 ) . osteology of the late jurassic portuguese sauropod dinosaur lusotitan atalaiensis ( macronaria ) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms . zoological journal of the linnean society , 168 ( 1 ) , 98 - 206 .
upchurch , p . ( 1998 ) .
the phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs
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