pseudodromia is a genus of crabs in the family dromiidae , often referred to as sponge crabs .

they are small or medium-sized crabs which get their name from the ability to shape a living sponge into a portable shelter for themselves .

a sponge crab cuts out a fragment from a sponge and trims it to its own shape using its claws .

the last two pairs of legs are shorter than other legs and bend upward over the crab 's carapace , to hold the sponge in place .

the sponge grows along with the crab , providing a consistent shelter .

pseudodromia

guinot , d . ( 1967 ) . la faune carcinologique ( crustacea brachyura ) de l ' ocean indien occidental et de la mer rouge . catalogue , remarques bibliographiques et biobliographie . bull . inst . fondamental d ' afrique noire ( ifan ) . 237 - 252 . [ details ]
lewinsohn , c . ( 1977 ) . die dromiidae des roten meeres ( crustacea decapoda : brachyura ) . zoologische verhandelingen ( rijksmuseum van natuurlijke historie , leiden ) 151 . 41 pp . [ details ]
database contains : 10 . 643 species ( 763 with photo ) , 1 . 682 genera , 124 families
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bidentate , no median tooth , two prominent lobes , each of which is broadly bifid . female
, little more massive than first two pairs of legs . none of those limbs verrucose or dilated . first two pairs of legs without podobranchs . inner margins of
of first two pairs of legs armed with several small spines . last two pairs of legs very unequal . third pair of leg shortest . fourth pair almost as long as either of first two pairs , no spine on outer margin of fourth leg
alcock , a . w . , 1900a . materials for a carcinological fauna of india . no . 5 . brachyura primigenia or dromiacea . journal of the asiatic society of bengal , calcutta , 68 , part 2 ( 3 ) : 123 - 169 , pls 3 - 5 .
alcock , a . w . , 1901 . catalogue of the indian decapod crustacea in the collection of the indian museum . part i . brachyura . fasc . 1 . introduction and dromides or dromiacea ( brachyura primigenia ) . trustees of the indian museum , calcutta , i - viii , 1 - 80 , pls a & 1 - 7 .
ihle , j . e . w . , 1913 . die decapoda brachyura der siboga - expedition i . dromiacea . siboga expeditie monografie , 39 ( b ) : 1 - 96 , 38 figs , pls 1 - 4 .
mclay , c . l . , 1993 . crustacea decapoda : the sponge crabs ( dromiidae ) of new caledonia and the philippines with a review of the genera . in : a . crosnier ( ed . ) , résultats des campagnes musorstom , volume 10 . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , 156 : 111 - 251 , figs 1 - 19 , tabl . 1 - 8 .
miers , e . j . , 1884b . crustacea ( brachyura ) . in : report on the zoological collections made in the indo - pacific ocean during the voyage of h . m . s . alert 1881 - 1882 . part i . the collections from melanesia . part ii . the collections from the western indian ocean . british museum ( natural history ) , london , 8 ( 2 ) : 513 - 575 , pls 46 - 52 .
sakai , t . , 1976a . crabs of japan and the adjacent seas . ( in 3 volumes : ( 1 ) english text : i - xxix , 1 - 773 , figs 1 - 379 , ( 2 ) plates volume : 1 - 16 , pls 1 - 251 , ( 3 ) japanese text : 1 - 461 , figs 1 - 2 , 3 maps . ) kodansha ltd , tokyo .
wada , k . , 1995 . brachyura . in : s . nishimura , guide to seashore animals of japan with color pictures and keys . vol . 2 : 379 - 418 , pls 101 - 118 . ( in japanese )
sorry , there are no images or audio / video clips available for this taxon .
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urltoken
though they are an important source of food , little is known about crabs on the west coast of india . information on the diversity of these fascinating creatures is confined to crabs collected from sandy beaches , rocky foreshores , mud flats , marshes and mangrove swamps .
altogether 83 species of the crabs have been reported along the west coast of india . of these , 37 species are marine , 40 estuarine , and six live in freshwater .
crabs are an inexpensive source of protein . they fetch a good price during the monsoon or off - season . crab fishing provides livelihood for a large number of people in coastal villages .
due to limited yield and great local demand , there is no export potential for crabs . large annual fluctuations occur in the numbers caught . soylla serrata is the most common edible crab of india . portunus pelagious , charybdis cruciata and portunus sanguinoleutus are other commercially important crabs ; they are caught throughout the year and support a minor but regular fishery along the goa coast .
the gear and methods for catching crabs are not highly specialized . most are caught during the daytime using various types of conventional nets , traps , lines , bait and hand picking during low tide . the crabs are kept in baskets with wet weeds to reduce mortality , and are marketed live .
crabs play an important role in recycling nutrients in mangrove ecosystems . they are a prime source of food for various fish , ( including stingrays ) , frogs , crocodiles , swimming and wading birds , jackals and other carnivores . they are important scavengers of the seashore , making up in numbers what they lack in size .
despite their ecological importance , crabs are often treated as a nuisance . they burrow actively , causing considerable damage to canal and river banks and pond bunds . this can cause heavy losses to commercial aquaculture .
the lunar cycle is thought to influence the occurrence and body composition of crabs . the highest numbers of crabs are found during the full moon , while the weight of the crabs is highest during a new moon .
people believe that during a new or full moon , the texture and taste of crab meat changes considerably . this is due to moulting of the shell and seasonal variations in the chemical composition of the meat .
there is no regular culture in india specifically for crabs . though scylla serrata and portunus spp . are suitable for culture due to their high growth rate , adaptability to brackish water , voracious feeding and early attainment of sexual maturity , no attempt has been made to raise them commercially . the coastal and brackish water farms of goa could be used to culture these species .
the best way to conserve crabs is to protect their habitat . some commercially important species inhabit mudflats and sandy beaches . these and related habitats such as mangroves can be protected by minimizing erosion , planting casuarina trees and protecting sand dunes .


thectophila is a genus of moths in the cosmopterigidae family , although some sources place it in the blastodacnidae family .

the genus contains only one species , thectophila acmotypa .

it is endemic to new zealand , where it is only known from the arthur 's pass .

the wingspan is about 12.5 mm .

all wings are lanceolate , with acutely pointed apices .

the forewings are creamy white , narrowly edged with ochreous , a black streak at the apex terminates in a tuft of black cilia .

the remaining cilia are whitish .

the adults appear in february and can be found amongst rough herbage on mountainsides .

nothing is known about its biology or host plant .

thectophila

thectophila meyrick , 1927 ; trans . n . z . inst . 57 : 701 ; ts : thectophila acmotypa meyrick
thectophila acmotypa meyrick , 1927 ; trans . n . z . inst . 57 : 701
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meyrick , 1927 descriptions of new zealand lepidoptera trans . n . z . inst . 57 : 697 - 702
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apocorophium lacustre is a species of amphipod crustacean .

it lives in nearly fresh water ; it is white and up to 6 mm long .

apocorophium lacustre

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
polyyppikatka
to
apocorophium lacustre ( vanhoffen , 1911 )
.
benson , a . j . , 2018 , apocorophium lacustre vanhoffen , 1911 : u . s . geological survey , nonindigenous aquatic species database , gainesville , fl , urltoken revision date : 3 / 7 / 2018 , access date : 7 / 9 / 2018
table 1 . states with nonindigenous occurrences , the earliest and latest observations in each state , and the tally and names of hucs with observations† . names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records . the list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of apocorophium lacustre are found here .
( of corophium lacustre vanhöffen , 1911 ) integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
wilson , e . 2002 . apocorophium lacustre a mud shrimp . in tyler - walters h . and hiscock k . ( eds ) marine life information network : biology and sensitivity key information reviews , [ on - line ] . plymouth : marine biological association of the united kingdom . [ cited 09 - 07 - 2018 ] . available from : urltoken
m . j . de kluijver & s . s . ingalsuo ( 1999 ) .
corophium lacustre
. macrobenthos of the north sea .
( of corophium lacustre vanhöffen , 1911 ) bousfield , e . l . ( 1973 ) . shallow - water gammaridean amphipoda of new england . cornell university press , ithaca . 312 pp . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of corophium lacustre vanhöffen , 1911 ) lincoln , r . j . ( 1979 ) . british marine amphipoda : gammaridea . british museum ( natural history ) : london , uk . isbn 0 - 565 - 00818 - 8 . vi , 658 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of corophium lacustre vanhöffen , 1911 ) bellan - santini , d . ; costello , m . j . ( 2001 ) . amphipoda . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels 50 : pp . 295 - 308 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
horton , t . ; lowry , j . ; de broyer , c . ; bellan - santini , d . ; coleman , c . o . ; corbari , l . ; daneliya , m . ; dauvin , j - c . ; fišer , c . ; gasca , r . ; grabowski , m . ; guerra - garcía , j . m . ; hendrycks , e . ; hughes , l . ; jaume , d . ; jazdzewski , k . ; kim , y . - h . ; king , r . ; krapp - schickel , t . ; lecroy , s . ; lörz , a . - n . ; mamos , t . ; senna , a . r . ; serejo , c . ; sket , b . ; souza - filho , j . f . ; tandberg , a . h . ; thomas , j . ; thurston , m . ; vader , w . ; väinölä , r . ; vonk , r . ; white , k . ; zeidler , w . ( 2018 ) . world amphipoda database .
lecroy , s . e . ; gasca , r . ; winfield , i . ; ortiz , m . ; escobar - briones , e . ( 2009 ) . amphipoda ( crustacea ) of the gulf of mexico . in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college . pp . 941–972 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
maris , t . ; beauchard , o . ; van damme , s . ; van den bergh , e . ; wijnhoven , s . ; meire , p . ( 2013 ) . referentiematrices en ecotoopoppervlaktes annex bij de evaluatiemethodiek schelde - estuarium studie naar “ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index” . monitor taskforce publication series , 2013 - 01 . nioz : yerseke . 35 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
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urltoken
grigorovich , i . a . , t . r . angradi , e . b . emery , and m . s . wooten . 2008 . invasion of the upper mississippi river system by saltwater amphipods . fundamental and applied limnology 173 ( 1 ) : 67 - 77 .
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the data represented on this site vary in accuracy , scale , completeness , extent of coverage and origin . it is the user ' s responsibility to use these data consistent with their intended purpose and within stated limitations . we highly recommend reviewing metadata files prior to interpreting these data .
citation information : u . s . geological survey . [ 2018 ] . nonindigenous aquatic species database . gainesville , florida . accessed [ 7 / 9 / 2018 ] .
contact us if you are using data from this site for a publication to make sure the data are being used appropriately and for potential co - authorship if warranted . for queries involving fish , please contact pam fuller . for queries involving invertebrates , contact amy benson .
a small amphipod that grows up to 6 mm . the body is subcylindrical and depressed . it has small eyes that are situated on extensions of the head .
constructs mud tubes on hydroids , submerged vegetation and other surfaces in fresh or slightly brackish waters .
urosome segments fused ; lateral ridge distinct , uropods 1 and 2 inserted ventrally .
uropod 1 peduncle outer margin with 7 - 8 spines , inner margin with 1 distal spine ; uropod 2 peduncle inner margin with 1 distal spine , outer margin with 3 - 5 setae .
barnes , r . s . k . , 1994 . the brackish - water fauna of northwestern europe . cambridge : cambridge university press .
bratton , j . h . ( ed . ) , 1991 . british red data books : 3 . invertebrates other than insects . peterborough : joint nature conservation committee .
howson , c . m . & picton , b . e . , 1997 . the species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the british isles and surrounding seas . belfast : ulster museum . [ ulster museum publication , no . 276 . ]
lincoln , r . j . , 1979 . british marine amphipoda : gammaridea . london : british museum ( natural history ) .
marine life information network ( marlin ) , the marine biological association of the uk ( see contact us ) © 2018 the marine biological association of the uk , all rights reserved .
the information ( text only ) provided by the marine life information network ( marlin ) is licensed under a creative commons attribution - non - commercial - share alike 2 . 0 uk : england & wales license . note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse . permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here . based on a work at urltoken
mclaughlin et al . 2005 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : crustaceans . american fisheries society special publication 31
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
depth range based on 231 specimens in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : - 99 - 23 . 39 temperature range ( °c ) : 23 . 731 - 23 . 731 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 327 - 0 . 327 salinity ( pps ) : 35 . 209 - 35 . 209 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 4 . 870 - 4 . 870 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 133 - 0 . 133 silicate ( umol / l ) : 1 . 081 - 1 . 081 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : - 99 - 23 . 39 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
and up to 6 mm long . it occurs mainly on the atlantic coast of north america , the north sea and the baltic .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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faasse , m . ; van moorsel , g . ( 2003 ) . the north - american amphipods , melita nitida smith , 1873 and incisocalliope aestuarius ( watling and maurer , 1973 ) ( crustacea : amphipoda : gammaridea ) , introduced to the western scheldt estuary ( the netherlands ) . < em > aquatic ecology . < / em > 37 ( 1 ) : 13 - 22 .
lecroy , s . e . ; gasca , r . ; winfield , i . ; ortiz , m . ; escobar - briones , e . ( 2009 ) . amphipoda ( crustacea ) of the gulf of mexico . < em > in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m press , college . < / em > pp . 941–972 .


the yellow-billed babbler or white-headed babbler ( turdoides affinis ) is a member of the leiothrichidae family endemic to southern india and sri lanka .

the yellow-billed babbler is a common resident breeding bird in sri lanka and southern india .

its habitat is scrub , cultivation and garden land .

this species , like most babblers , is not migratory , and has short rounded wings and a weak flight and is usually seen calling and foraging in groups .

it is often mistaken for the jungle babbler , whose range overlaps in parts of southern india , although it has a distinctive call and tends to be found in more vegetated habitats .

its name is also confused with t. leucocephala , which is also known as white-headed babbler .

yellow - billed babbler

yellow - billed babbler | for details check my blog www . drkris… | flickr
english : yellow - billed scimitar babbler ; french : moineau friquet ; german : rotrückensäbler .
yellow - billed babbler ( turdoides affinis ) is a species of bird in the leiothrichidae family .
the orange - billed babbler ( turdoides rufescens ) also known as ceylon rufous babbler or sri lankan rufous babbler is a member of the leiothrichidae family .
a portion of the mural
from so simple a beginning
focusing on the yellow - billed magpie .
once a pied cuckoo lays its egg in a yellow - billed babbler’s nest , the latter has no way of telling the difference . the cuckoo eggs are turquoise blue like the poor babbler’s .
english : yellow - naped yuhina , yellow - collared ixulus ; french : yuhina à cou roux ; german : gelbnackenyuhina .
page 31 , yellow - billed pintail ( south georgia ) anas georgica georgica add a missing range statement : “south georgia i . ”
the orange - billed babbler is a resident breeding bird endemic to sri lanka . in the past , it was considered to be a race of jungle babbler , turdoides striatus .
page 640 , yellow warbler dendroica petechia ruficapilla this subspecies is moved from the yellow warbler ( mangrove ) group dendroica petechia [ erithachorides group ] to the yellow warbler ( golden ) group dendroica petechia [ petechia group ] .
i saw two birds ( yellow billed babbler ) frequenting a small tree in our garden . this tree is located almost in front of our main door . so we can observe them very easily from our living room .
throat , olive back , orange and yellow wings , and uniquely forked tail .
other synonyms catalan : tordenc de bec groc czech : timálie žlutozobá danish : lyshovedet larmdrossel german : gelbschnabeldrossling , gelbschnabel - drossling , gelbschnabel - schwatzhäherling english : white - billed babbler , white - headed babbler , yellow billed babbler , yellow - billed babbler , yellow - billed chatterer spanish : turdoide piquigualdo spanish ( spain ) : turdoide piquigualdo finnish : valkopäätimali french : cratérope à bec jaune , cratérope affin italian : garrulo beccogiallo , garrulo testabianca japanese : kibashiyabuchimedori japanese : キバシヤブチメドリ latin : m [ alacocircus ] . affinis , turdoides affinis , turdoides affinis affinis lithuanian : geltonsnapė strazdinė timalija malayalam : പൂത്താങ്കീരി , പൂത്താങ്കീരി dutch : geelsnavelbabbelaar norwegian : gulnebbskriketrost polish : dżunglotymal żółtodzioby , tymal zóltodzioby , tymal żółtodzioby russian : желтоклювая дроздовая тимелия , желтоклювая дроздовидная тимелия slovak : timáliovec žltozobý swedish : ljushuvad skriktrast tamil : venthalai silamban chinese : 印度白头鸫鹛 , 白头鸫鹛 chinese ( traditional ) : 印度白頭鶇鶥
jamie , g . a . & de silva wijeyeratne , g . ( 2014 ) similarity of the calls of juvenile pied cuckoo clamator jacobinus and its sri lankan host species , yellow - billed babbler turdoides affinis . forktail 30 : 133 - 134
the backwaters waterbirds including cinnamon and yellow bitterns , bronze - winged and pheasant - tailed jacanas , and stork - billed kingfisher . also a chance of black - capped kingfisher .
all day birding mang den where the primary target bird is the recently discovered and seldom seen endemic chestnut - eared laughingthrush . our guide has had very good success getting this species . other target birds are stripe - breasted woodpecker and black - hooded laughingthrush . other notable birds of the area are the scarce pale - capped pigeon , brown hornbill , yellow - billed nuthatch , rufous - faced warbler , red - billed scimitar - babbler , and short - billed scimitar - babbler . night at tba in mang den .
english : yellow - bellied laughing thrush ; french : garrulaxe à gorge jaune ; german : gelbbauchhäherling .
english : pekin robin , red - billed hill tit ; french : léiothrix jaune ; german : sonnenvogel .
mudumalai np ( adjoining bandipur np ) including jungle hut cabins yellow - wattled lapwing , blue - faced malkoha , blue - bearded bee - eater , grey - headed and white - browed bulbuls , yellow - billed babbler and gold - fronted leafbird . also a chance of brown fish owl , jerdon ' s nightjar , white - naped woodpecker , indian pitta , white - bellied minivet and orange - headed thrush .
babbler with dark brown upperside , narrowly streaked pale underside , and variably whitish . . .
blue - rumped & bar - bellied pitta , germain’s peacock - pheasant , green peafowl , orange - necked partridge , great slaty woodpecker , lesser adjutant , grey - faced tit - babbler , collared , black - hooded , white - cheeked & orange - breasted laughingthrush , collared babbler , yellow - billed nuthatch , grey - crowned crocias , hume’s treecreeper , grey - crowned tit , vietnamese cutia , indochinese cuckooshrike , slender - billed oriole , burmese shrike , vietnamese greenfinch , black - crowned fulvetta , black - crowned parrotbill , green peafowl , great slaty woodpecker , austen’s brown hornbill , chestnut - eared , black - hooded & white - cheeked laughingthrush , yellow - billed nuthatch , pale - capped pigeon , coral - billed scimitar - babbler , white - winged magpie , grey - crowned crocias , golden - winged , red - tailed , black - hooded & white - cheeked laughingthrush , indochinese fulvetta , black - crowned barwing , annam partridge , blue - rumped & bar - bellied pitta , short - tailed scimitar babbler , austen’s brown hornbill .
as a result of these revisions , pomatorhinus erythrocnemis becomes a monotypic species , and the english name is changed to black - necklaced scimitar - babbler . the sequence of these species is : rusty - cheeked scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus erythrogenys spot - breasted scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus mcclellandi black - streaked scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus gravivox gray - sided scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus swinhoei black - necklaced scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus erythrocnemis reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
page 136 , yellow rosella platycercus flaveolus adelaide rosella platycercus adelaidae in accord with raou , yellow rosella and adelaide rosella are lumped into a single species under the name crimson rosella ( platycercus elegans ) . the two former species continue to be recognized as groups : crimson rosella ( yellow ) platycercus elegans flaveolus crimson rosella ( adelaide ) platycercus elegans adelaidae / subadelaidae
page 497 , long - billed wren - babbler rimator malacoptilus in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , this species is split into three species : — subspecies rimator malacoptilus pasquieri is elevated to species rank , with english name white - throated wren - babbler . — subspecies rimator malacoptilus albostriatus is elevated to species rank , with english name sumatran wren - babbler . rimator malacoptilus becomes monotypic , and retains the english name long - billed wren - babbler . the range statement for long - billed wren - babbler – e himalayas ( sikkim to e assam and ne myanmar ) – inadvertently was omitted from the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will reinstate the range statement in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
4 . 3 in ( 11 cm ) . the most brilliantly colored member of a large genus of mostly brown birds . chest orange or yellow ; head black , with gray throat and whitish cheeks and crown . wings black with brilliant orange and yellow highlights . tail black , edged with orange or yellow . mantle grayish and rump yellow . sexes similar . shape typical of genus : rounded , like a titmouse or kinglet , with a short , sharp bill , and tail of moderate length .
page 499 , wedge - billed wren - babbler sphenocichla humei in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies sphenocichla humei roberti is elevated to species rank , with english name chevron - breasted babbler . sphenocichla hume i becomes monotypic , and the english name is changed to blackish - breasted babbler . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
species shared only with sri lanka painted francolin , crested ( changeable ) hawk eagle , blue - faced malkoha , sri lanka frogmouth , jerdon’s nightjar , indian swiftlet , malabar trogon , malabar pied hornbill , crimson - fronted barbet , orange ( scarlet ) minivet , jerdon’s ( rufous - winged ) bush lark , hill ( pacific ) swallow , square - tailed black , white - browed and yellow - browed bulbuls , indian blackbird , indian ( white - browed ) scimitar babbler , dark - fronted and yellow - billed babblers , lesser hill myna , jerdon’s ( blue - winged ) leafbird and long - billed ( loten’s ) sunbird .
morning have the park ranger drive us up the mountain road on lang bien . key target birds there are black - throated tit , yellow - billed nuthatch , hume ' s treecreeper , black - crowned fulvetta , and vietnamese cutia . other interesting possibilities include mountain hawk - eagle , hodgson ' s hawk - cuckoo , dalat shrike - babbler , clicking shrike - babbler , bianchi ' s warbler , rufous - capped babbler , collared laughingthrush , and orange - bellied leafbird . afternoon return to the lake area to look for birds missed the previous day . night at dreams hotel .
an additional aspect of my research involves understanding interspecific interactions and communication . originally i started investigating these interactions between pied babblers and fork - tailed drongos . more recently , i have begun investigating interspecific interactions in scimitar - bills , yellow - billed hornbills and wattled starlings .
english : rough - templed tree - babbler ; french : lobélia spéciosa ; german : goldstirn - buschtimalie .
english : mount omei babbler ; french : garrulaxe de l ' omei ; german : omei - haeherling .
english : golden - breasted tit babbler ; french : alcippe à poitrine dorée ; german : gold - alcippe .
this is a reupload - initially i had mistaken the turdoides affinis for turdoides striata , the jungle babblers , but a good youtube friend explained that it must be a yellow - billed babbler , so i had to change the title ; - ) well , whatever seven sisters they are - they are always noisy and funny , and come usually together with a gang of palm squirrels ( funambulus palmarum ) .
english : lesser scaly - breasted wren - babbler , brown wrenbabbler ; french : turdinule mailée ; german : moostimalie .
5 . 25 in ( 13 . 2 cm ) . unique , rather bizarre appearance : black head with golden yellow forehead , lores , eye ring , and chin ; bright reddish orange tufts on side of head . streaked olive mantle with brown wings and tail . breast yellow with black spots .
page 499 , long - tailed wren - babbler spelaeornis chocolatinus in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , the long - tailed wren - babbler is split into four species . — subspecies spelaeornis chocolatinus oatesi is elevated to species rank , with english name chin hills wren - babbler . — subspecies spelaeornis chocolatinus reptatus is elevated to species rank , with english name gray - bellied wren - babbler . — subspecies spelaeornis chocolatinus kinneari is elevated to species rank , with english name pale - throated wren - babbler . — spelaeornis chocolatinus becomes monotypic , and retains the english name long - tailed wren - babbler . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
kukri belur ( kokkare bellur ) spot - billed pelican and painted stork nesting colony in village . also a chance of red - naped ibis and painted stork .
page 496 , spot - breasted scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus erythrocnemis in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , this highly polytypic species is split into four species : — subspecies pomatorhinus erythrocnemis mcclellandi is elevated to species rank , with english name spot - breasted scimitar - babbler . — subspecies pomatorhinus erythrocnemis gravivox is elevated to species rank , with english name black - streaked scimitar - babbler . subspecies odicus , decarlei , dedekensi , and cowensae also now are transferred to black - streaked scimitar - babbler . — subspecies pomatorhinus erythrocnemis swinhoei is elevated to species rank , with english name gray - sided scimitar - babbler ; subspecies abbreviatus also is included in gray - sided scimitar - babbler . in addition , subspecies ferrugilatus and haringtoni are transferred from pomatorhinus erythrocnemis to the rusty - cheeked scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus erythrogenys . we also add the two following subspecies of rusty - cheeked scimitar - babbler , both of which inadvertently had been omitted from previous editions of clements checklist : pomatorhinus erythrogenys imberbis karenni , e myanmar pomatorhinus erythrogenys celatus shan states , e myanmar and nw thailand
5 in ( 12 cm ) . tiny , long - tailed , brownish bird with rufous accents , finch - like yellow bill , and dark eyes . sexes similar .
english : white - necked bald crow , yellow - headed rockfowl , guinea picathartes ; french : picatharte de guinée ; german : weisshals stelzenkraehe ; spanish : picatartes cuelliblanco .
page 500 , pygmy babbler stachyris plateni in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies stachyris plateni pygmaea is elevated to species rank , with english name visayan pygmy - babbler . stachyris plateni becomes monotypic , and the english name changes to mindanao pygmy - babbler . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
page 499 , pygmy wren - babbler pnoepyga pusilla in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies pnoepyga pusilla formosana is elevated to species rank , with english name taiwan wren - babbler ; it also is repositioned to follow scaly - breasted wren - babbler pnoepyga albiventer . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
page 494 , puff - throated babbler pellorneum ruficeps indictinctum correct a typographical error in the scientific name : change “indictinctum ” to “ indistinctum . ”
page 498 , large wren - babbler napothera macrodactyla rusty - breasted wren - babbler napothera rufipectus black - throated wren - babbler napothera atrigularis marbled wren - babbler napothera marmorata in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , these four species all are transferred to the genus turdinus . please note that for one of these species we failed to change the spelling of the species name : turdinus macrodactyla should be turdinus macrodactylus . we will correct this oversight in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
ranganathitu bs mugger crocodile , waterbirds including a chance of spot - billed pelican , painted stork , great thick - knee and river tern , and raptors including a chance of indian spotted eagle .
page 496 , indian scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus horsfieldii in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies pomatorhinus horsfieldii melanurus is elevated to species rank , with english name sri lanka scimitar - babbler . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
page 497 , streak - breasted scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus ruficollis in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies pomatorhinus ruficollis musicus is elevated to species rank , with english name taiwan scimitar - babbler . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
liocichla omeiensis riley , 1926 , mt . emei , sichuan . only recently recognized as full species , distinct from taiwanese endemic steere ' s babbler ( l . steerii ) .
day 11 : yok don national park to mang den early morning birding at yok don before the scenic drive north to mang den in kontum province with a lunch stop en route . arrive in time for some late afternoon birding around mang den . overnight at mang den . day 12 : mang den a full day’s birding at mang den where the recently - discovered and seldom - seen endemic , chestnut - eared laughingthrush , is the main target . other specialities of the mang den area include the scarce pale - capped pigeon , yellow - billed nuthatch , black - hooded laughingthrush and indochinese wren - babbler . overnight at mang den .
preventing a nest parasite such as the pied cuckoo from laying eggs in its nest should be the first line of babbler defence . but babblers don’t chase anything , let alone cuckoos .
page 136 , bluebonnet ( yellow - vented ) northiella haematogaster / pallescens the scientific name of this new group is incorrect ; the name should be northiella haematogaster haematogaster / pallescens . we will correct this error in the next edition .
the pied cuckoo chick was a giant amongst its foster family of yellow - billed babblers . every morning for a few days , we watched the flock of dowdy brown birds frantically stuff leftover dog food , insects , and other tidbits from the garden into the gaping maw of the ever - hungry monster chick . the family must have been blind to think the fledgling with a pointed crest , prominent black and white plumage , and a long tail was its own .
11 in ( 28 cm ) . slender grayish brown , long - tailed bird , which may remind americans of thrashers ( mimidae ) . plumage identical in both sexes , but male ' s eyes pale yellow , female ' s brown .
for the first picture common babbler ( turdoides caudatus ) might be a good place to start . i ' m not familiar with the group and there may be other species that look similar .
page 289 , greater scythebill campylorhamphus pucherani in accord with sacc , the greater scythebill is transferred to the new genus drymotoxeres , and placed in a new position in the linear sequence of genera , immediately following the wedge - billed woodcreeper glyphorynchus spirurus .
page 502 , miniature tit - babbler micromacronus leytensis in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , elevate subspecies micromacronus leytensis sordidus to species rank , with english name mindanao miniature - babbler . micromacronus leytensis becomes monotypic , and the english name changes to visayan miniature - babbler . we inadvertently used a different name , visayan tit - babbl er , in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will correct this error in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
9 . 1 in ( 23 cm ) ; 1 . 75 oz ( 50 g ) . elegant thrush - shaped bird with brown mantle , black mask , and yellow throat and underparts . sexes monomorphic . nominate subspecies , from the western part of the range , has an olive green nape and crown , while the two isolated eastern subspecies have brilliant dark blue napes and crowns instead . jiangxi population has a clear , brilliant yellow chest , while birds from yunan have yellowish gray chests .
page 506 , white - hooded babbler gampsorhynchus rufulus torquatus in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies gampsorhynchus rufulus torquatus is elevated to species rank , with english name collared babbler . subspecies gampsorhynchus rufulus saturatior also should be transferred to gampsorhynchus torquatus ( thus leaving white - hooded babbler gampsorhynchus rufulus as monotypic ) , but we failed to implement this change in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will correct this mistake in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
the orange - billed babbler lives in flocks of seven to ten or more . it is a noisy bird , and the presence of a flock may generally be known at some distance by the continual chattering , squeaking and chirping produced by its members . it is usually the first sign that a mixed - species feeding flock , so characteristic of asian wet forests , is in the vicinity . it feeds mainly on insects , but also eats jungle berries .
page 30 , anas flavirostris altipetens anas flavirostris andium we announced in the updates and corrections of clements 6 . 4 that subspecies altipetens and andium were split from yellow - billed teal ( anas flavirostris ) to form a new species , andean teal ( anas andium ) . in the clements checklist 6 . 4 spreadsheet , we erected andean teal ( anas andium ) as a species , but we failed to change the species name of the two subspecies . this oversight is corrected in clements checklist 6 . 5 : andean teal anas andium altipetens anas andium andium
parus fasciatus gambel , 1845 , monterey , california . six subspecies . while delacour long ago considered this species a babbler , many authorities have persisted in assigning it its own family or subfamily . however , the dna hybridization research
clear distinguishable patterns are observed to be emerging in the responses of avian community structure to habitat characteristics in study , and undoubtedly this variation resulted in avian assemblages specific to the degree of anthropogenic distribution along the elevational gradient of the forest [ 8 ] . at forest edge and the juxtaposition of the edge support higher number of avian species than the other interior habitat . despite the anthropophilic species such as brown - headed barbet , red - vented bulbul , and yellow - billed babbler [ 26 , 31 ] some forest loving birds such as sri lanka wood pigeon and emerald - collared parakeet [ 21 ] were observed to actively utilize resources available in these habitats . although these observations are from our area of study , avian assemblages were typical to other neighborhood study systems available in literature [ 15 , 32 , 33 ] .
page 480 , scarlet robin petroica multicolor in accord with raou , scarlet robin is split into two species : pacific robin ( petroica multicolor ) , including subspecies pusilla , feminina , similis , cognata , ambrynensis , soror , kleinschmidti , taveunensis , becki , polymorpha , septentrionalis , kulambangrae , dennisi , and multicolor ; and scarlet robin ( petrioca boodang ) , including subspecies campbelli , leggii , and boodang . page 481 , yellow robin eopsaltria australis in accord with raou , the english name is changed to eastern yellow robin . page 481 , gray - breasted robin eopsaltria griseogularis in accord with raou , the english name is changed to western yellow robin . page 481 , white - browed robin poecilodryas superciliosa in accord with raou , the two subspecies of white - browed robin are elevated to species rank : white - browed robin ( poecilodryas superciliosa ) and buff - sided robin ( poecilodyas cerviniventris ) .
following this , i worked as a research assistant for dr mandy ridley at the pied babbler project ( 2011 - 2013 ) . i carried out playback experiments and collected and analysed sound data from individuals and groups , throughout the breeding seasons .
ootacamund , nilgiri hills black - and - orange and nilgiri flycatchers , indian and nilgiri blue robins , black - chinned laughingthrush , indian scimitar babbler and nilgiri langur . also a chance of painted bush quail , nilgiri wood pigeon and forest wagtail .
of sibley and ahlquist suggests the wrentit is the only new world babbler , whose ancestors crossed the bering land bridge in the mid - miocene ( 15–20 million years ago ) . sibley and ahlquist do place it in its own tribe , chamaeini .
16 in ( 40 cm ) , 7 oz ( 200 g ) . elegantly proportioned bird of unmistakable appearance . head unfeathered , with unique black and orange - yellow skin pattern . eyes and powerful bill dark . mantle , wings , and tail black , or nearly so . neck and under - parts creamy white .
all five endangered babblers are primarily threatened by habitat loss . all are forest birds . two are philippine endemics : the flame - templed babbler ( stachyris speciosa ) occurs only on negros and panay , while the negros striped - babbler ( s . negrorum ) is entirely restricted to that severely deforested island . the remaining three depend on high - elevation forests : the nilgiri laughing thrush ( garrulax cachinnnans ) , one of many imperiled inhabitants of india ' s nilgiri hills , the white - throated mountain babbler ( kupeornis gilberti ) , known to science only since 1949 , restricted to several places in nigeria and cameroon , and the gray - crowned crocias ( crocias lang - bianis ) , rediscovered in 1994 after 56 years of no records , from a few locations in vietnam .
page 270 , straight - billed reedhaunter limnoctites rectirostris this species was placed in the genus limnornis in earlier editions of clements checklist . it was transferred to the genus limnotictes in the clements checklist 6 . 4 spreadsheet , in accord with sacc , but we did not acknowledge this change in taxonomy in the accompanying updates and corrections ( december 2009 ) .
page 502 , striped tit - babbler macronous gularis in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , elevate the bornensis group of subspecies ( zopherus , zaperissus , everetti , ruficoma , javanicus , montanus , bornensis , argenteus , and cagayanensis ) to species rank , as bold - striped tit - babbler macronous bornensis . the remaining subspecies are retained in macronous gularis , but the english name changes to pin - striped tit - babbler . subspecies macronous bornensis javanicus , which previously did not exist in the clements checklist in the gularis / bornensis complex , is a new addition ; but we later realized that macronous flavicollis javanicus surely represents the same taxon . we will resolve this discrepancy in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
early morning birding at cat tien . then transfer to di linh area , a fairly short drive away . the main birding site is the forested mountain pass known as deo suoi lanh . it ' s an excellent site for several specialties of the dalat highlands , notably white - crested laughingthrush , black - hooded laughingthrush , orange - breasted laughingthrush , and the near endemic black - crowned parrotbill . the first two laughingthrushes often travel in mixed flocks and are reliably seen . the orange - breasted laughingthrush is much more difficult . groups sometimes spend days looking along the road for it without success , as it is quite secretive and hard to find . our guide knows an out of the way locale not known to other guides where the bird is more possible . other birds of the di linh area include pin - tailed pigeon , silver - backed needletail , red - headed trogon , golden - throated barbet , indochinese green - magpie , black - throated tit , gray - faced tit - babbler , red - billed scimitar - babbler , and spot - necked babbler . it can also be good for raptors such as black eagle and rufous - winged buzzard . night at mai khanh hotel in di linh .
page 499 , mishmi wren - babbler spelaeornis badeigularis in accord with inskipp et al . ( 1996 ) , rasmussen and atherton ( 2005 ) , collar ( 2006a ) , and many other sources , the english name is changed from mishmi wren - babbler to rusty - throated wren - babbler . references : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 . inskipp , t . , n . lindsey , and w . duckworth . 1996 . an annotated checklist of the birds of the oriental region . oriental bird club , sandy , united kingdom . rasmussen , p . c . , and j . c . atherton . 2005 . birds of south asia : the ripley guide . smithsonian institution and lynx edicions , washington d . c . and barcelona , spain .
page 147 , dusky - billed parrotlet forpus sclateri in accord with sacc , change the scientific name of dusky - billed parrotlet from forpus sclateri to forpus modestus . the respective subspecies name changes are : forpus sclateri eidos becomes forpus modestus modestus forpus sclateri sclateri becomes forpus modestus sclateri page 147 , orange - chinned parakeet brotogeris jugularis in accord with sacc , the orange - chinned parakeet should be moved to a new position in the linear sequence of species of brotogeris parakeets . we intended to position orange - chinned parakeet immediately following gray - cheeked parakeet brotogeris pyrrhoptera , but we failed to implement this change in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet . we will correct this oversight in the next round of revisions to clements checklist .
all day birding limestone forest . key target species include brown hornbill , red - collared woodpecker , limestone leaf warbler , and sooty babbler . also possible is tonkin partridge . there is a good chance of seeing the endangered ha tinh langur as well . night at accommodations in the park .
page 498 , limestone wren - babbler napothera crispifrons in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , napothera crispifrons is transferred to the genus gypsophila . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
paleontology has , thus far , not served to clarify the origins and relationships of babblers , the only fossils being a middle pleistocene example of the modern species , the arabian babbler ( turdoides squamiceps ) . dna research seems to support asian origins in the oligocene , about 40 million years ago .
nearly a century ago , ernst hartert , curator of the incredible rothschild collection of preserved birds , observed :
what can ' t be classified is regarded as a babbling thrush .
in the opinions of many of today ' s ornithologists , hartert then proceeded to confuse matters further . the convoluted history of babbler classification is well treated in sibley and ahlquist ' s phylogeny and classification of birds , and the reader is best referred to that book . suffice it to say that exactly what a babbler is , and how it should be classified , has been , and remains , a controversy among ornithologists .
page 318 , thrush - like schiffornis ( southern ) schiffornis turdina [ turdina group ] with the recognition of a number of new groups within thrush - like schiffornis , the “southern” group now is restricted to include just three subspecies : steinbachi , intermedia , and turdina . page 586 , tooth - billed catbird ailuroedus dentirostris in accord with raou , this species is transferred to the genus scenopoeetes .
page 498 , luzon wren - babbler napothera rabori in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies napothera rabori sorsogonensis is elevated to species rank , with english name gray - banded babbler . subspecies napothera rabori mesoluzonica also should be transferred to napothera sorsogonensis , but we failed to implement this change in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will correct this mistake in the next edition . additionally , in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , the two philippine species of napothera are transferred to a newly - described genus , robsonius . finally , collar also recommended changing the english name of robsonius rabori to “ rusty - faced babbler . ” we failed to implement this change to the english name in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will correct this oversight in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
page 700 , slender - billed white - eye zosterops tenuirostris stenurus in accord with raou , subspecies zosterops tenuirostris strenuus is elevated to species rank , with english name robust white - eye . this species is extinct ; the year of extinction is 1923 . also note that the spelling of the species name is “ strenuus , ” not “ stenurus ; ” we will correct this error in the next edition .
8 in ( 20 cm ) . striking bird reminiscent of new world thrashers ( mimidae ) . bright chestnut mantle , flanks , and vent . brownish primaries and tail . white chest and throat . remainder of head black , except for well - defined white eyebrow . long curving bill bright yellow , with black at rear of upper mandible , extending along part of culmen . legs gray . melodious voice .
my research interests are centred on avian social and breeding behaviour , and during the course of my phd ( supervised by dr . matt bell & dr . per smiseth ) i hope to investigate intra - and interspecific signalling and communication in the southern pied babbler . utilising playback and feeding experiments i aim to ascertain the amount of information use by babblers in a social context .
insects are the core of babbler diets . some species appear to feed exclusively on them , while many also eat fruit , other invertebrates , and small frogs and reptiles . as with any huge family , there have evolved some peculiar specialists . while the bearded reedling feeds vigorously on insects for most of the year , and rears its young entirely on them , it subsists on seeds during the winter , its digestive tract making remarkable adjustments to this change in diet . as one might expect , the desert - adapted arabian babbler will eat practically anything . on the other hand , the fire - tailed myzornis ( myzornis pyyrhoura ) has come to resemble a hummingbird or sunbird , consuming nectar with its insects , and becoming a pollinator in the process .
14 in ( 35 cm ) , 7 . 7 oz ( 220 g ) . appears obviously related to preceding species , but markedly distinct . uniquely beautiful blue , black , and red pattern of bare skin on head , blue extending to base of bill . neck , mantle , back , and tail gray . a patch of black bristles on crown , and short ruff at base of bald head , can be erected when bird is excited . primaries black ; underparts pale yellow .
delacour ' s description fits most of the forest - dwelling babblers fairly well . it is in other sorts of habitat that particularly interesting variations have evolved . the arabian babbler ( turdoides squamiceps ) , of the semi - desert , with its highly developed
tribal
social system , and the semi - aquatic bearded reedling ( panurus biarmicus ) of the marshes , are two striking examples .
morning back at ta nung valley . afternoon birding higher elevation roadside near lake area of hotuyen lam . this site features birds such as red - vented barbet , gray - capped woodpecker , sooty - headed bulbul , black bulbul , chestnut - capped babbler , mountain fulvetta , snowy - browed flycatcher , gray bushchat , fire - breasted flowerpecker , and gould ' s sunbird . night at dreams hotel .
collar , n . & robson , c . ( 2018 ) . spiny babbler ( acanthoptila nipalensis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
morning birding in bach ma national park looking for the endemic annam partridge and the near endemic short - tailed scimitar - babbler . also possible are brown hornbill , silver - breasted broadbill , blue - rumped pitta , bar - bellied pitta , indochinese green - magpie , and black - browed fulvetta . after lunch transfer to phong nha - ke bang national park , arriving by dark . night at accommodations in the park .
at the moment i am a second - year phd candidate in a joint supervision program ( cotutelle ) between tel aviv university , israel and macquarie university , sydney , australia , and i also work as the director of the arava birding center in the dead sea & arava science centre . my thesis title is
the effect of group size and composition on individual behaviour , group dynamics and population regulation in the arabian babbler (
) . to explore these relationships i conduct field experiments and observations on individual foraging success , foraging strategies and self versus social learning . together with this fieldwork i use the uniquely detailed 40 - year arabian babbler database to analyze long - term demographic effects . this database work involves finding what social or environmental factors promote group growth or extinction , and identifying critical group size effects in relation to eviction , dispersal and reproductive conflict behaviour .
page 490 , yellow - throated laughingthrush garrulax galbanus courtoisi in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies garrulax galbanus courtoisi is elevated to species rank , with english name blue - crowned laughingthrush . subspecies garrulax galbanus simaoensis also should be transferred to garrula courtoisi , but we failed to implement this change in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will correct this mistake in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
day 15 : bach ma national park to ho chi minh city via hue a full morning for birding at bach ma national park . target species here include the near - endemic indochinese wren - babbler , silver pheasant , long - tailed & silver - breasted broadbills , indochinese green magpie , ratchet - tailed treepie , masked , lesser - necklaced & black - throated laughingthrushes . in the afternoon transfer to hue airport for the short flight to ho chi minh city to connect with international flight to europe .
periyar np nilgiri langur , oriental darter , black baza , malabar trogon , great and malabar grey hornbills , white - bellied treepie , asian fairy bluebird and indian scimitar babbler , as well as nilgiri langur . also a chance of heart - spotted woodpecker , indian pitta , orange - headed thrush , wynaad laughingthrush , forest wagtail , asian elephant , gaur , leopard and rusty - spotted cats , sloth bear , dhole , indian crested porcupine , and oriental small - clawed and smooth - coated otters .
the indian subcontinent , including sri lanka , is another babbler stronghold , and 131 species are recorded there . the majority are birds of the himalayas , shared with china , but a number are endemic to peninsular india or sri lanka . in the middle east , babblers are represented by three species of turdoides . europe , including the united kingdom , share the bearded reedling ( panurus biarmicus ) with temperate asia . finally , on the pacific coast of north america is the wrentit ( chamaea fasciata ) .
i possess a great passion for scientific research and conservation . having interned at the pied babbler research project in 2009 , i jumped at the opportunity to study the behavioural and physiological effects of temperature on pied babblers for my master’s degree . this research was especially fascinating as it combined components of multiple disciplines ( climate change , avian biology , behavioural ecology , physiology , and conservation biology ) to answer conservation questions . my supervisors on this project included : amanda ridley , rowan martin , susan cunningham , and phil hockey .
after arrival transfer to cat tien national park , about 3 hours drive on somewhat congested roads . then birding near the park headquarters and accommodations , where coppersmith barbet , lesser yellownape , red - breasted parakeet , common woodshrike , ashy woodswallow , common iora , greater racket - tailed drongo , buff - breasted babbler , tickell ' s blue flycatcher , and common hill myna are possible . the trees behind the park buildings harbor a local group of endangered black - shanked douc langurs . night in accomodations within the park near park entrance .
page 369 , yellow - eyed cuckoo - shrike coracina lineata in accord with raou , change the english name to barred cuckoo - shrike . page 372 , white - shouldered triller lalage sueurii white - winged triller lalage tricolor in accord with raou , white - winged and white - shouldered trillers are lumped into a single species , white - winged triller lalage sueurii . both former species still maintain an identity as groups : white - winged triller ( white - shouldered ) lalage sueurii sueurii white - winged triller ( white - winged ) lalage sueurii tricolor page 375 , gray - chinned minivet pericrocotus solaris deignani correct a typographic error in the range statement : change “a vietnam” to “s vietnam . ”
early morning drive out to grasslands area where green peafowl commonly forage in the open . bird along the jeep track looking for other species such as red junglefowl , oriental darter , red - wattled lapwing , oriental pratincole , red - collared dove , barred cuckoo - dove , lesser coucal , white - throated kingfisher , chestnut - headed bee - eater , indian roller , black - and - buff woodpecker , collared falconet , thick - billed flycatcher , and scarlet - backed flowerpecker . there ' s a good chance of seeing woolly - necked storks flying overhad and some chance of seeing the rare lesser adjutant . at dusk look for great - eared nightjar and large - tailed nightjar . night at accommodations near park entrance .
pages 269 - 270 , cinclodes cinclodes in accord with sacc , the sequence of species in the genus cinclodes is rearranged . the new sequence of species is as follows : long - tailed cinclodes cinclodes pabsti blackish cinclodes cinclodes antarcticus buff - winged cinclodes cinclodes fuscus chestnut - winged cinclodes cinclodes albidiventris cordoba cinclodes cinclodes comechingonus cream - winged cinclodes cinclodes albiventris olrog’s cinclodes cinclodes olrogi stout - billed cinclodes cinclodes excelsior royal cinclodes cinclodes aricomae white - winged cinclodes cinclodes atacamensis white - bellied cinclodes cinclodes palliatus gray - flanked cinclodes cinclodes oustaleti dark - bellied cinclodes cinclodes patagonicus surf cinclodes cinclodes taczanowskii seaside cinclodes cinclodes nigrofumosus we failed to implement this change in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet , however , but we will correct this oversight in the next revision .
using the sentinel system of the babblers i will investigate whether they make adjustments to personal contributions this public good given the state of others , and also investigate whether alarm caller reliability is monitored by other group members . additionally i intend to explore the role of vocalisations in the context of nestling provisioning , investigating whether nestling provisioners transfer information from the nest site to the foraging group , which may be several hundred metres away . finally , i will be undertaking observational work to see which other bird species may be found around babbler groups , and exploring whether the babblers utilise information from heterospecific sources when making foraging decisions using playback experiments .
morning back at deo suoi lanh looking for species listed above . mid - day transfer to dalat , a tourist mecca with numerous western style hotels and restaurants . afternoon birding ta tung valley outside dalat . this valley is mostly an open area down a gravel road adjacent to a local farm . the main target bird there is gray - crowned crocias , which is sometimes easily seen and sometimes quite challenging to find . other interesting birds there include green - billed malkoha , greater coucal , indochinese barbet , green - backed tit , chestnut - vented nuthatch , hill prinia , black - crowned parrotbill , black - headed sibia , rufous - backed sibia , asian fairy - bluebird , verditer flycatcher , blue - winged leafbird , black - throated sunbird , and vietnamese greenfinch . night at dreams hotel in dalat .
fourteen island endemics , seven restricted to the philippines , are included among the 39 near threatened species , and of the remainder , nine occur only in the malay peninsula , sumatra , and borneo . again , loss of habitat , in often restricted ranges , is the cause for their designation . finally , there is one categorized as data deficient , the miniature titbabbler ( micromacronus leytensis ) , at 3 in ( 7 . 6 cm ) , the smallest babbler . restricted to the philippine islands of leyte , samar , and mindanao , it is a forest - dependent species in a land of increasing deforestation , and has remained rare , and little known since its discovery in 1961 .
i am now a phd student at macquarie university , sydney , under the supervision of dr amanda ridley , dr matt bell and a / prof simon griffith . my current work on the southern pied babbler is looking at how group members recognise one another and the implications this has for their social behaviour . using a series of playback experiments i am investigating whether they are able to individually recognise each other’s vocalisation . i also look at when group member recognition develops in young birds , a factor which may be crucial in explaining life history events such as kidnapping . in addition i look at how responses to the vocalisations of previously familiar individuals change over varying periods of continued separation . this may help to explain observations of prospecting and dispersal in this species . other work includes looking at whether the pied babblers are able to recognise kin and how this is affecting their social interactions with neighbouring groups .
cat tien national park features a variety of habitats including primary and secondary lowland tropical forest , wetlands , lakes , and open grassland . the first day will focus on forest birds along the track leading to crocodile lake . the primary target birds are scaly - breasted partridge and germain ' s peacock - pheasant . the former is especially secretive , while the latter is most easily seen when calling . other key species orange - breasted trogon , great hornbill , blue - eared barbet , blue - rumped pitta , bar - bellied pitta , ashy minivet , blyth ' s paradise - flycatcher , black - headed bulbul , ochraceous bulbul , gray - faced tit - babbler , and blue - winged leafbird . a dozen woodpeckers are possible including laced woodpecker , heart - spotted woodpecker , and great slaty woodpecker , and three broadbills are possible , namely black - and - red broadbill , long - tailed broadbill , and silver - breasted broadbill . night at accommodations near park entrance .
southern india endemics grey junglefowl , grey - fronted ( pompadour ) green pigeon , nilgiri wood pigeon , malabar parakeet , malabar grey hornbill , malabar ( crimson - fronted ) and white - cheeked barbets , white - bellied treepie , malabar ( large ) woodshrike , malabar lark , white - spotted ( white - throated ) fantail , indian ( chestnut - bellied ) nuthatch , flame - throated ( black - crested ) and grey - headed bulbuls , black - and - orange and nilgiri flycatchers , white - bellied blue flycatcher , nilgiri blue and white - bellied blue robins ( both formerly white - bellied shortwing ) , malabar whistling thrush , black - chinned ( nilgiri ) and grey - breasted ( kerala ) laughingthrushes , ( indian ) rufous babbler , malabar white - headed ( chestnut - tailed ) starling , nilgiri ( plain ) flowerpecker , crimson - backed sunbird , nilgiri pipit and rufous - bellied ( black - throated ) munia . also a chance of broad - tailed grassbird and wynaad laughingthrush .
for so diverse a group of birds , generalizations are difficult . as did bertram smythies in the first edition of this encyclopedia , one cannot do better than to quote jean delacour , from his monumental 1946 monograph of the babblers :
they move restlessly among twigs and on the ground ; they hop about and dig among fallen leaves . usually they live in the undergrowth , sometimes on the ground among dense plant growth , fallen branches , climbers and evergreen trees , where they can be observed searching for berries and insects . while doing so , they move busily , flutter the wings a great deal , wag their tails and utter noisy calls . as rule , they are loud and varied vocally , hence the name babbler , for they are virtually never quiet . some sing very well and their full melodies ring out far . outside the breeding season , they move about in small troops . often they join with other birds into the mixed flocks characteristic of tropical forest , all seeking food together .
the first online digital theses library covering more than 1000 theses in sanskrit , malayalam , hindi and english the digitilization project done for the mahatma gandhi university , kerala , india commemorating 25 year of achievement . website © copyright mahatma gandhi university and beehive digital concepts
natural vocalization ; song from a pair of birds ( part of a larger flock of the species ) moving low through small trees at the edge of hotel grounds near second growth forest .
this bird is moving all the time ! l ' oiseau change souvent de place .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : turdoides affinis . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be locally common ( grewal et al . 2002 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any current declines or substantial threats .
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song complex , varied , rich and full of mimicry , consisting of series of alternating , quickly . . .
mainly insects . in one long - term study , 2295 food items ( from 316 birds ) consisted of 86 % invertebrates and 14 % fruit and seeds ; beetles ( . . .
apr–jun . nest a deep cup of grass , placed in small bush or built into sturdy grass clump . clutch 3–4 eggs , pale blue ; nestlings . . .
not globally threatened . restricted - range species : present in central himalayas eba . frequent and locally fairly common within patchy range ; possibly extends at w of range . . .
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recently split from a broader timaliidae . to date , traditionally recognized genera cutia , kupeornis , phyllanthus , turdoides , garrulax , babax ( now in garrulax ) , heterophasia , leiothrix , minla , liocichla and actinodura have been recovered as members of a clade separate from those now placed in timaliidae or pellorneidae ; however , garrulax , actinodura , minla , heterophasia and turdoides , as typically circumscribed , have also been discovered to be polyphyletic . as a result , genetic data available to date # r # r # r # r # r ( many species have not been screened ) can be interpreted in various ways , permitting for a smaller number of larger genera , or many more genera characterized by fewer species , so listing presented here is provisional and dependent on additional molecular data for most of the as yet untested taxa . family name has been spelt in variety of different ways ; above is the original spelling , which is correctly formed and so must be used # r .


cotinis aliena ( also keys green june beetle ) is a species of cotinis found in the florida keys .

this species is considered to be critically imperiled because it is only known from three localities in the florida keys and one locality in southern peninsular florida .

development and pesticides are the most likely threats to its survival .

cotinis aliena

no one has contributed data records for cotinis ( cotinis ) burmeister , 1842 yet . learn how to contribute .
in the eastern united states , the genus cotinis burmeister previously contained only c . nitida ( l . ) , the common economic pest known as the
green june beetle
. a new species from the florida keys , cotinis aliena , is here described and illustrated . a checklist is provided for the genus , which includes 27 valid new world species , and 44 synonyms .
jennifer hammock split the classifications by nmnh entomology resource from cotinis nitida ( linnaeus , 1764 ) to their own page .
apologies for the white debris that made its way into this photo . i will try to take photos later on but wanted to post asap as bugguide did not yet have an image for this neat species from the florida keys . for more information on c . aliena ( pp . 4 - 7 ) as well as other neat cotinis spp . feel free to check out the following resource : woodruff , r . ( 2008 ) . the genus cotinis burmeister in the eastern united states , with description of a new species from the florida keys , including a checklist of the genus ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae : cetoniinae ) . insecta mundi , 584 .
woodruff , r . e . 2008 . the genus cotinis burmeister in the eastern united states with description of a new species from the florida keys , including a checklist of the genus ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae : cetoniinae ) . insecta mundi 0051 : 1 - 13 .
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it is possible that this species was introduced , but there is no definite evidence of this .
this species is only known from three localities in the florida keys and one locality in extreme southern peninsular florida , usa . no specimens have been found since 1998 .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
this species is only known from three localities in the florida keys and one locality in extreme southern peninsular florida .
survey the florida keys and southern peninsular florida , usa for presence of this species .
distribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
deyrup , m . and r . franz . 1994 . rare and endangered biota of florida , volume iv . invertebrates . university press of florida : gainesville , florida . 798 pp .
natureserve . unpublished . concept reference for taxa which have not yet been described ; to be used as a placeholder until a citation is available which describes the circumscription of the taxon .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
iucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .
data developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
key largo , monroe county , florida , usa june 24 , 2016 size : ~ 2 . 4 cm
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published in insecta mundi : a journal of world insect systematics , # 0051 ( 2008 ) . published by the center for systematic entomology , inc . , gainseville , fl . urltoken copyright © 2008 by the authors .
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smith , a . b . t . 2009 . checklist and nomenclatural authority file of the scarabaeoidea of the nearctic realm . version 4 . electronically published , ottawa , canada . 97 pp . , available online at urltoken
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .