leucanopsis nubilosus is a moth of the family erebidae .

it was described by rothschild in 1909 .

it is found in peru and bolivia .

leucanopsis nubilosus

leucanopsis nubilosus ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
halisidota nubilosus rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 222 ; tl : peru , santo domingo , oconeque , la oroya , rio inambari , carabaya
leucanopsis oruba ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ]
leucanopsis loisona ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis curta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis pseudofalacra ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis dallipa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis dinellii ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis nimbiscripta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis democrata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis contempta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis setosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis calvona ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis notodontina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis lacteogrisea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis huaco ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis terranea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis subterranea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis sthenia ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis liparoides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis hoffmannsi ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis huacina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis mancina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis cirphis ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis leucanina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis tanamo ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis rufoochracea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis truncata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis louella ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis dissimilis ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis ochracea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis squalida ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis rhomboidea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis strigulosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis malodonta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis suavina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis nonagrioides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 259
leucanopsis ephrem ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis polyodonta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis joasa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis pseudomanda ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis chesteria ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis flavorufa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis stipulata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis taperana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis aurantiaca ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis pohli ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis pulverea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis stipulatoides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis pulverulenta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis boliviana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis coniota ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis ishima ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis tabernilla ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis perdita ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis zozinna ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis bipartita ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis pseudoconiata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis oblonga ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis biedala ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis subnebulosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis mandus ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis stuarti ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis suffusa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis quanta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis jonesi ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis cirphoides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis aurata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis orooca ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis pterostomoides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis lineata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis rosetta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis manada ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis nebulosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis oruboides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis similis ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis toledana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis obvia ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis ahysa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis batesi ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis misona ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis sporina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis vangetta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis apicepunctata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis siegruna ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis austina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis soldina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis racema ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis angulata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis azadina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis turrialba ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis quadrata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis valentina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis venezuelensis ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis cedon ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis nayapana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis bactris ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis luridioides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis cloisa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis athor ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis marimba ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis falacra ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis affinella ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis cuneipuncta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis guascana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis sablona ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis falacroides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis zacualpana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis hadenoides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis acuta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis maccessoya ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis lomara ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis fuscosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis perirrorata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis umbrosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis violascens ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis umbrina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis potamia ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis longa ; [ nacl ] , # 8217 ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; schmidt & opler , 2008 , zootaxa 1677 : 16
leucanopsis terola ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2013 , zoosystema 35 ( 3 ) : 444 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis lurida ; [ nacl ] , # 8217 . 2 ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; schmidt & opler , 2008 , zootaxa 1677 : 16 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis perdentata ; [ nacl ] , # 8217 . 1 ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; schmidt & opler , 2008 , zootaxa 1677 : 16 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
= ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
halisidota curta rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 67 ; tl : fonte boa , upper amazons
= halisidota nimbiscripta ; hampson , 1920 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 2 : 297
halisidota dallipa jones , 1908 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1908 ( 1 ) : 149 ; tl : paraná , castro
halisidota nimbiscripta dyar , 1912 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 42 ( 1885 ) : 51 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , iguala
halisidota democrata schaus , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2307 ) : 119 ; tl : guatemala , cayuga
halisidota contempta rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 288 ; tl : amazonas , fonte boa
halisidota setosa rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 218 ; tl : la oroya , rio inambari , peru , 3100ft
halisidota calvona schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 508 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota notodontina rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 2 ) : 188 , pl . 14 , f . 28 ; tl : huancabamba , e . peru
halisidota lacteogrisea rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 288 ; tl : la vuelta , caura river
halisidota huaco schaus , 1901 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 7 ( 39 ) : 266 ; tl : brazil , rio janeiro , castro paraña
halisidota terranea rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 218 ; tl : fonte boa , upper amazon
halisidota subterranea rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 281 ; tl : santo domingo , oconeque , la oroya , rio inambari , carabaya
halisidota sthenia hampson , 1901 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 155 , pl . 40 , f . 6 ; tl : bolivia , rio songo
halisidota liparoides rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 287 ; tl : aroewarwa creek , maroewym valley , surinam ; . . .
halisidota hoffmannsi rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 222 ; tl : pozuzo , dept . huanuco , peru
halisidota huacina schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 577 ; tl : peru , chaquimayao
halisidota mancina schaus , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2307 ) : 120 ; tl : guatemala , cayuga
halisidota cirphis schaus , 1911 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 7 ( 38 ) : 185 ; tl : juan viñas , volcano turrialba
euphalisidota longa grote , 1880 ; can . ent . 12 ( 10 ) : 213 ; tl : florida , enterprise
colombia , ecuador , brazil ( rio de janeiro ) . see [ maps ]
halisidota tanamo schaus , 1904 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 30 : 138 ; tl : cuba , tanamo
halisidota rufoochracea rothschild , 1922 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 9 ( 53 ) : 483 ; tl : [ pará ]
halisidota truncata rothschild , 1922 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 9 ( 53 ) : 491 ; tl : pernambuco
halisidota louella schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 502 ; tl : brazil , espirito santo
halisidota dissimilis reich , 1935 ; int . ent . zeit . 29 : 278 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina , jaraguá do sul
halisidota ochracea möschler , 1883 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 32 : 337 , pl . 18 , f . 28 ; tl : surinam
phegoptera squalida herrich - schäffer , [ 1855 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( i ) 1 ( 13 - 17 ) : pl . 52 , f . 288
mexico , guatemala , panama , ecuador , bolivia , peru , surinam , brazil . see [ maps ]
? halesidota ? citrina walker , [ 1865 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 31 : 314
larva on paspalum indicum hampson , 1901 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 165
halisidota strigulosa walker , 1855 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 3 : 737 ; tl : brazil , para
halesidota malodonta dyar , 1914 ; insecutor inscit . menstr . 2 : 161 ; tl : peru , huadquina
halisidota suavina schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 510 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
venezuela , peru , brazil ( são paulo , minas gerais ) , paraguay . see [ maps ]
halisidota nonagrioides rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 64 , 17 ( 4 ) pl . 13 , f . 19 ; tl : venezuela ; são paulo ; minas geraes ; peru
halisidota ephrem schaus , 1905 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 29 ( 1420 ) : 223 ; tl : bolivia , rurrenabaque
halisidota polyodonta hampson , 1901 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 166 , pl . 41 , f . 2 ; tl : amazons , parintins
halisidota joasa schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 504 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota pseudomanda rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 65 , 17 ( 4 ) pl . 14 , f . 2 ; tl : la oroya , carabaya ; santo doming ; tinguri ; surinam
halisidota chesteria schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 511 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota flavorufa rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 66 , 17 ( 4 ) pl . 13 , f . 31 ; tl : potaro , brit . guiana ; carondelet , ecuador
halisidota daltona schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 503 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota stipulata rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 288 ; tl : peru , la orotya , rio inambari
halisidota taperana schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 580 ; tl : brazil , paraná
halisidota aurantiaca rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 287 ; tl : allianca , below san antonio , rio madeira
halisidota pohli schaus , 1927 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 29 ( 4 ) : 75 ; tl : brazil , alto da serra
halisidota pulverea schaus , 1896 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 4 : 138 ; tl : brazil , são paulo
halisidota stipulatoides rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 64 ; tl : venezuela ; british guiana ; . . .
halisidota pulverulenta dognin , 1923 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 23 : 8 ; tl : brazil , amazonas , rio tapajoz
halisidota boliviana dognin , 1922 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 20 : 2 ; tl : bolivia , rio songo
halisidota loisona schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 503 ; tl : brazil , espirito santo
ecuador , bolivia , surinam , brazil ( rio de janeiro ) . see [ maps ]
halisidota coniota hampson , 1901 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 164 , pl . 41 , f . 1 ; tl : brazil , rio de janeiro
halisidota ishima schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 503 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota tabernilla schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 581 ; tl : panama , canal zone
halisidota perdita schaus , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2307 ) : 120 ; tl : guatemala , cayugua
halisidota zozinna schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 580 ; tl : colombia , muzo
halisidota bipartita dognin , 1912 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 6 : 6 ; tl : colombia , monte tolima
halisidota pseudoconiata rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 286 ; tl : limbani , carabaya , 900ft ; agualani , carabaya , 9000ft
halisidota oblonga rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 218 ; tl : santo doming , carabaya , 6000ft
halisidota biedala schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 502 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
phegoptera mandus herrich - schäffer , [ 1855 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( i ) 1 ( 13 - 17 ) : pl . 52 , f . 286 ( boisduval ) ; tl : brazil
halisidota stuarti rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 287 ; tl : reyes , amazons
aemilia suffusa jones , 1908 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1908 ( 1 ) : 149 ; tl : paraná , castro
halisidota quanta schaus , 1896 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 4 : 139 ; tl : paraná , castro
halisidota jonesi rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 286 ; tl : castro , parana
halisidota dogniniana strand , 1919 ; lepid . cat . 22 : 75 ( repl . halisidota fassli dognin , 1911 ) ; tl : colombia , paramo del quindin
halisidota cirphoides rothschild , 1916 ; novit . zool . 23 : 271 ; tl : colombia , monte tolima
halisidota aurata jones , 1908 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1908 ( 1 ) : 148 ; tl : paraná , castro
halisidota orooca schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 36 ; tl : argentina , tucumán
= halisidota oruboides ; hampson , 1920 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 2 : 289
halisidota lineata schaus , 1894 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1894 : 230 ; tl : paraná , castro
halisidota rosetta schaus , 1896 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 4 : 139 ; tl : brazil , são paulo
halisidota manada schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 509 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota nebulosa rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 288 ; tl : amazonas , fonte boa
halisidota oruboides rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 219 ; tl : santo domingo , carabaya , 6500ft
halisidota similis rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 219 ; tl : fonte boa , upper amazon
halisidota toledana schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 507 ; tl : bolivia , rio sargo [ songo ]
halisidota obvia dognin , 1909 ; ann . soc . ent . belg . 53 : 221 ; tl : french guiana , saint laurent du maroni
halisidota ahysa schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 579 ; tl : rio de janeiro
halisidota batesi rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 286 ; tl : teffe , amazons
halisidota misona schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 508 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota sporina schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 510 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halesidota vangetta dyar , 1910 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 38 ( 1742 ) : 235 ; tl : mexico , misantla
halisidota apicepunctata schaus , 1905 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 29 ( 1420 ) : 223 ; tl : carabaya , peru
halisidota siegruna schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 509 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
= ; vincent & laguerre , 2010 , bull . soc . ent . fr . 115 ( 2 ) : 182 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
halisidota soldina schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 504 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota racema schaus , 1905 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 29 ( 1420 ) : 223 ; tl : french guiana , saint jean , maroni river
halisidota angulata rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 65 ; tl : santo domingo , carabaya ; la oroya
halisidota oruba schaus , 1892 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1892 : 280 ; tl : brazil , petropolis
halisidota azadina schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 505 ; tl : brazil , são paulo
halisidota turrialba schaus , 1911 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 7 ( 38 ) : 185 ; tl : turrialba
halisidota quadrata rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 65 ; tl : oconeque , carabaya ; limbani
halisidota valentina schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 35 ; tl : oconeque , carabaya , limbani
= halisidota cedon ; hampson , 1920 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 2 : 292
halisidota cedon druce , 1897 ; biol . cent . - am . , lepid . - heter . 2 : 372 , pl . 74 , f . 11 ; tl : panama , chiriqui
halisidota nayapana schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 506 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
noctua bactris sepp , [ 1852 ] ; surinaam . vlinders 2 ( 25 ) : 223 ; tl : surinam
larva on bactris acanthocarpa hampson , 1901 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 155
= halisidota bactris ; hampson , 1920 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 2 : 277
halisidota cloisa schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 505 ; tl : brazil , espirito santo
halisidota athor schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 576 ; tl : brazil , rio , campo bello
halisidota marimba schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 577 ; tl : venezuela , merida
= halisidota bactris ; hampson , 1901 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 155
halisidota cuneipuncta rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 287 ; tl : mexico , veracruz
halisidota perdentata schaus , 1901 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 7 ( 39 ) : 266 ; tl : mexico , oribaza
halisidota guascana schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 505 ; tl : colombia , pueblo guasca
euhalisidota sablona schaus , 1896 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 4 : 140 ; tl : brazil , castro paraña
halisidota falacroides rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 281 ; tl : huancabamba , cerro de pasco
halisidota zacualpana schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 501 ; tl : mexico , zacualpan
halisidota hadenoides rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 289 ; tl : iquitos ; amazonas , codaja , fonte boa ; allianca , below san antonio , rio madeira
= ; vincent & laguerre , 2010 , bull . soc . ent . fr . 115 ( 2 ) : 182 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
halisidota maccessoya schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 578 ; tl : amazons , amaturá
halisidota lomara schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 508 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota ? fuscosa jones , 1908 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1908 ( 1 ) : 149 ; tl : paraná , castro
halisidota perirrorata reich , 1935 ; int . ent . zeit . 29 : 279 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina , nova teutonia
halisidota umbrosa hampson , 1901 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 163 , pl . 40 , f . 14 ; tl : brazil , rio janeiro
halisidota violascens reich , 1933 ; int . ent . zs . 27 : 366 ; tl : argentina
halisidota umbrina rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 68 ; tl : fonte boa , upper amazons
halisidota potamia schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 510 ; tl : antioquia , mesopatamia , colombia , 5000ft
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
biologia centrali - americana ; or contributions to the knowledge of the fauna of mexico and central america . zoology . lepidoptera . heterocera
catalogue of the arctiadae ( arctianae ) and agaristidae in the collection of the british museum ( nat . hist . )
descriptions of new species of lepidoptera heterocera from brazil , mexico , and peru . part i & ii
natuurlijke historie van surinaamsche vlinders , naar het leven geteekend . papillons de surinam dessinés d ' après nature
( 13 ) : i - viii , 105 - 108 , pl . 49 - 50 ( [ 1843 ] ) ,
( 25 ) : i - iv , 217 - 224 , pl . 97 - 100 ( [ 1847 ] ) ,
( 38 ) : i - viii , 321 - 328 , pl . 149 - 152 ( [ 1852 ] )
watson & goodger , 1986 catalogue of the neotropical tigermoths occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 1 - 71
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word notodontina . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word notodontina and , of course , notodontina synonyms and on the right images related to the word notodontina .
this is the place for notodontina definition . you find here notodontina meaning , synonyms of notodontina and images for notodontina copyright 2017 © urltoken


the bocaccio , sebastes paucispinis , is a northeast pacific species in the sebastidae ( rockfish ) family .

other names for this species include salmon grouper , grouper , tom cod ( juveniles ) , and slimy .

in greek , sebastes means “ magnificent , ” and paucispinis is latin for “ few spines ” .

bocaccio rockfish

information on the bocaccio rockfish is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
the reported catch of bocaccio rockfish in the bc bottom trawl fishery by trawl management area is shown below .
the seasonal depth distribution of bocaccio rockfish catch in the bc bottom trawl fishery from 1996 to 2003 is shown below .
diet juvenile bocaccio feed on larvae , euphausiids , young rockfish , surf perch , mackerel and numerous small inshore fishes . adults feed on other rockfish , sablefish , anchovies , lanternfish and squid .
this is an adult bocaccio off photographed off southern california by remotely operated vehicle .
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- body dark gray dorsally , light ventrally ; gill rakers 33 - 36 ( 28 - 31 in bocaccio ) ; dorsal rays typically 15 - 17 ( 13 - 15 in bocaccio ) ; scales below lateral line 58 - 70 ( 72 - 90 in bocaccio ) .
bocaccio also benefitted from several good year classes , when survival rates for young fish improved .
stocks of bocaccio and the darkblotched rockfish have been rebuilt after years of conservation restrictions to protect populations knocked down by a combination of poor ocean conditions and overfishing .
bocaccio is one of at least 35 species of rockfish ( sebastes spp . ) found in british columbia . adults can be olive - orange to brown in colour . when less than 25 centimetres in length , young bocaccio are light bronze with small brown spots on their sides . their colour darkens and their spots disappear as they grow . these fish can be distinguished from other rockfish by their long lower jaw . bocaccio is one of the largest rockfish species and can reach almost one metre in length . other common names for bocaccio include : rock salmon , salmon rockfish , pacific red snapper , pacific snapper , oregon red snapper , oregon snapper , and longjaw .
commercial groundfish fisheries are the largest known threat to bocaccio . like other rockfish species , bocaccio have swim bladders which cannot adjust to the sudden changes in pressure that occur when fishing gear brings them to the surface . bocaccio accidentally caught in fisheries die when they are brought up from depths greater than about 25 to 30 metres . other research suggests that bocaccio are also potentially threatened with habitat destruction caused by the long - term use of fishing gear on the ocean floor .
noaa fisheries and the council also developed rebuilding plans for lingcod , canary rockfish , cowcod , pacific ocean perch , widow rockfish , and yelloweye rockfish . the plans required sharp reductions in commercial and recreational groundfish fisheries , which included widespread fishing closures through the establishment of rockfish conservation areas off the west coast .
seven of the 10 west coast groundfish species found to be overfished since about 2000 are now rebuilt , with noaa fisheries declaring bocaccio and darkblotched rockfish rebuilt ahead of schedule earlier this month .
interannual variation in pelagic juvenile rockfish ( sebastes spp . ) abundance—going with the flow
for fishermen and seafood lovers , there is good news about two species of rockfish .
a management plan based on individual vessel quotas ( ivqs ) was introduced for the bc trawl fishery in 1997 . bocaccio catches are not limited by ivqs but are constrained by a 15 , 000 lb trip limit for all non - quota rockfish combined . the 2004 / 05 landed value of the bocaccio fishery is $ 230 , 000 .
the bocaccio , a rockfish that can grow up to 3 feet in length and live for a half century , was declared to be overfished in the 200 - mile federally managed zone back in 1999 . the smaller darkblotched rockfish , which can live for more than a century , got the designation in 2000 .
bocaccio have a long lifespan , with a maximum age of at least 57 years and an average generation time is 20 years .
range bocaccio is found throughout the coastal waters of the eastern pacific ocean from the gulf of alaska south to baja california mexico .
tiger rockfish ( sebastes nigrocinctus ) . photo by chad king of the sanctuary integrated monitoring program .
status of bocaccio , sebastes paucispinis , in the conception , monterey and eureka inpfc areas for 2015 . portland , or : pacific fishery management council
in 2004 , fisheries and oceans canada worked with the commercial fishing industry to develop a conservation program for bocaccio . this program required that all the profits earned from catching bocaccio be directed to programs that support recovery of the species , and began trawl surveys to improve knowledge of bocaccio and other pacific groundfish . it also implemented measures to manage fishery impacts such as setting a total allowable catch and specific fishery limits for bocaccio caught and through restricting the number of groundfish trawl licences . recovery of the species is also assisted through monitoring of groundfish fisheries which maintains accountability and monitoring for bycatch species .
an evaluation of the effectiveness of rockfish conservation areas in british columbia , canada . the university of british columbia
mitigation of impacts caused by bottom - contact fishing through management tools may also provide some support for bocaccio recovery . for example , fisheries act closures to protect sensitive benthic areas , marine protected areas , and rockfish conservation areas enable management of bottom - contact fishing to protect groundfish and marine habitat . it is unclear if these areas will benefit bocaccio recovery , but they may provide some protection for the species and its habitat .
2001 . california department of fish and wildlife marine region gis lab . this polygon shapefile contains the entire distribution for adult bocaccio rockfish ( sebastes paucispinis ) . the process of creating this shapefile . . . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region .
“by working together , we’ve brought bocaccio and darkblotched rockfish back to where they will again be part of a sustainable west coast groundfish fishery” said barry thom , regional administrator of the national oceanic and atmospheric administration ( noaa ) fisheries west coast region , in a statement .
wdfw . 2009 . draft puget sound rockfish conservation plan . washington department of fish and wildlife , olympia , wa .
after years of conservation efforts , populations of two long - lived species of west coast rockfish have rebounded from overharvesting .
predators the main predators of juvenile bocaccio are seabirds including the least tern . the main predators of adults are marine mammals such as harbour seals and northern elephant seals .
stanley , r . d . , starr , p . and n . olsen 2004 bocaccio update . dfo science advisory secretariat research document 2004 / 027 . 64 pp .
a severe decline in the commercial passenger fishing vessel rockfish ( sebastes spp . ) catch in the southern california bight , 1980–1996
of the more than 70 species of rockfish living off the united states ' west coast , the bocaccio rockfish is one of the most endangered . while this 3 - foot fish reaches reproductive age sooner than many overfished species - - as early as four to five years - - its larvae have a very low survival rate . changes in ocean currents and temperature since the 1970s mean that large numbers of bocaccio larvae live to become juveniles only once every 20 years . in response to their dwindling numbers , the united states closed several fisheries along the west coast in 2002 . but even without trawling in these areas , scientists believe it could take 100 years for bocaccio populations to recover . with such significant challenges to recovery , the iucn has listed the species as critically endangered .
there are dozens of species of rockfish and other fish harvested in the west coast groundfish harvests managed through the pacific fishery management council and noaa fisheries . ten species were declared overharvested under federal definitions . with the latest two darkblotched and bocaccio , seven of these fish populations are now considered to be rebuilt .
table 1 . summary of the status of rockfish stocks in puget sound ( wdfw ) ( palsson et al . 2009 ) .
cosewic . 2013 . cosewic assessment and status report on the bocaccio sebastes paucispinis in canada . committee on the status of endangered wildlife in canada . ottawa . xi + 49 pp .
the rebuilding successes continued . in 2012 a new stock assessment found that widow rockfish was rebuilt , which allowed for additional harvest and helped increase the fleet’s access to other healthy groundfish species . further assessments led to a declaration in 2015 that petrale sole and canary rockfish were rebuilt . that was particularly significant because limitations on canary rockfish also restricted access to other more abundant and healthy groundfish stocks .
bocaccio are found in the northeastern pacific ocean , occurring from the gulf of alaska to central baja california in mexico . in canada , bocaccio are found mainly offshore although they have occasionally been found closer to inshore waters such as the strait of georgia , juan de fuca strait , and queen charlotte strait . bocaccio in canada have experienced a sharp decline over the last 60 years , and has declined by 28 % in the 10 - year period since it was first assessed by cosewic . the current population is estimated to be over 400 , 000 individuals .
stout , h . a . , b . b . mccain , r . d . vetter , t . l . builder , w . h . lenarz , l . l . johnson , and r . d . methot . 2001 . status review of copper rockfish , quillback rockfish and brown rockfish in puget sound , washington . noaa technical memo , u . s . department of commerce .
harvey , c . j . , k . gross , v . h . simon , and j . hastie . 2008 . trophic and fishery interactions between pacific hake and rockfish : effect on rockfish population rebuilding times . marine ecology progress series 365 : 165 - 176 .
rockfish form a diverse assemblage of fish in puget sound and throughout their range . in puget sound , rockfish have abundances decreased substantially since quantitative monitoring began in the 1970s . these declines have resulted in the federal listing of three species under the endangered species act . because of their diversity in habitat use , ecology and life history , single - species approaches to rockfish management in puget sound are currently being considered .
table 2 . proposed species of interest , habitats and reason for their selections in the draft puget sound rockfish management plant ( wdfw ) .
life history aspects of 19 rockfish species ( scorpaenidae : sebastes ) from the southern california bight . noaa technical report national marine fisheries service 87
rebuilding plans remain in place for the three remaining overfished species : cowcod , pacific ocean perch , and yelloweye rockfish . all three are on track with their plans , with cowcod estimated to be rebuilt by 2020 , pacific ocean perch by 2051 , and yelloweye rockfish by 2074 .
a new management plan has recently been proposed by wdfw which outlines several possible management options for rockfish in puget sound and is currently under review ( wdfw 2009 ) . one of the key components of this plan is the recommendation that quillback , copper , black , yelloweye , bocaccio , canary and puget sound rockfish be managed as individual species due to their importance to recreational fisheries , conservation concerns , or ecological importance ( wdfw 2009 ) ( table 2 ) . in addition to these proposed changes in management , there are currently 16 marine reserves throughout puget sound that include the rocky habitat thought to be beneficial for rockfish .
although rockfish larvae are pelagic , there is genetic evidence for limited dispersal within puget sound for the quillback ( s . maliger ) and copper ( s . caurinus ) rockfish ( seeb 1998 ) as well as for differentiation from coastal populations of brown rockfish ( s . auriculatus ) ( buonaccorsi et al . 2002 ) . this degree of population structure is consistent with other genetic and otolith studies from coastal pacific rockfish populations ( cope 2004 , miller et al . 2005 , burford 2009 ) . because of these findings , populations of each species of rockfish in the northern and southern portions of puget sound are recognized by wdfw to be separate stocks ( palsson et al . 2009 ) ( figure 1 ) .
bocaccio are more susceptible to overfishing because of the species’ life history characteristics , such as late maturity and variable recruitment . as with most other rockfish , offspring survival is variable from year to year . it is dependent on density of adults and ideal environmental conditions . life history characteristics such as these reduce the species’ ability to recover from decline .
krieger kj ( 1993 ) distribution and abundance of rockfish determined from a submersible and by bottom trawling . fish bull 91 ( 1 ) : 87–96 .
the study used calcofi data to examine larval numbers of 15 rockfish species inside and outside two large protected areas southwest of los angeles called cowcod conservation areas ( ccas ) , designated by noaa fisheries in 2001 at the recommendation of the pacific fishery management council . the ccas prohibit fishing deeper than 110 feet , since many adult rockfish species live at such depths . therefore , the 4 , 300 - square - mile areas protect numerous species of rockfish in addition to cowcod .
scientists found that larvae of most of the rockfish species historically targeted by fishing increased throughout southern california waters , but especially within the protected conservation areas . species that were not historically fished increased at about the same rate both inside and outside the protected areas , indicating that rockfish spawning was high within the protected areas .
green km , starr rm ( 2011 ) movements of small adult black rockfish : implications for the design of mpas . mar ecol prog ser 436 : 219–230 .
description : bocaccio have an elongate body type and are laterally compressed . they have a head that is pointed , a large mouth , and a lower jaw with a knob on the end ( symphyseal knob ) that greatly protrudes beyond the upper jaw . underwater , adult color varies from shades of pink to pink - brown , grey or red that extends down over the belly . after capture the colors are brighter , usually reddish brown . young fish are generally light bronze with speckling over the sides and back . as bocaccio age , their color generally becomes darker and the speckling fades . this is a large rockfish species .
figure 1 . map of puget sound showing north sound and south sound designations relevant to rockfish management ( reprinted from palsson et al . 2009 with permission from . )
williams gd , levin ps , palsson wa ( 2010 ) rockfish in puget sound : an ecological history of exploitation . mar policy 34 ( 5 ) : 1010–1020 .
the research published in royal society open science shows that protecting important ocean habitat promotes the long - term recovery of rockfish such as cowcod and bocaccio that have long been a staple of west coast fishermen . favorable ocean conditions also played a role , according to the study by scientists from noaa fisheries ' southwest fisheries science center ( swfsc ) , university of san diego , and the university of massachusetts amherst .
berkeley , s . a . 2006 . pacific rockfish management : are we circling the wagons around the wrong paradigm ? bulletin of marine science 78 : 655 - 667 .
boccaccio larvae and young - of - the - year ( age 0 fish ) live in the upper layers of the ocean for several months . they then settle to bottom habitats in nearshore areas where they form schools . as juveniles mature into adults ( around 7 years ) , they move offshore to greater depths . adult bocaccio are usually found above rocky bottoms between 60 to 340 metres deep . recent science has found that adult bocaccio may also prefer coral and sponge reefs as habitat .
using the abundances and trends from all available fishery - independent data , palsson et al . ( 2009 ) classified each rockfish species as healthy , precautionary , vulnerable or depleted . these status categories are based on those used by the american fisheries society ( musick 1999 ) . for the two rockfish species for which demographic data were most available ( quillback and copper rockfish ) , designations were made based on current spawners per recruit ( spr ) relative to 1970s spr ( proxy for an unfished population ) and 1999 spr ( palsson et al . 2009 ) .
researchers examined trends from 1998 to 2013 in eight species that were historically fished and seven that were not . the same period brought largely cool ocean conditions , which support increased rockfish reproduction .
longevity and mortality bocaccio are difficult to age and thus the maximum age of bocaccio is unknown but radiometric dating of the ear bones has suggested a maximum of 50 years . little is known about the mortality of younger ages . estimates of the natural mortality rate vary between 14 - 22 % per year . this implies that it would take between 12 – 20 years for 95 % of fish of the same age to die of natural causes . age - at - maturity and maximum age imply a generation time of about 10 years .
both cowcod and bocaccio are overfished stocks that are being rebuilt under the federal west coast groundfish fishery management plan that is administered by the pacific fishery management council . in fact , the cowcod conservation areas where no fishing can occur deeper than 20 fathoms ( ~ 37 meters ) , was created to help recover cowcod populations , which are found from about 70 - 350 meters in depth , primarily in the southern california bight . bocaccio are found coast - wide , from british columbia into mexico , from 20 - 250 meters in depth .
parker sj , berkeley sa , golden jt , gunderson dr , heifetz j , hixon ma , et al . ( 2000 ) management of pacific rockfish . fisheries 25 ( 3 ) : 22–30 .
although this was the first study to examine rockfish dynamics in association with the ccas , short - term studies also suggest that the ccas benefit rockfish populations . a larval survey in 2005 using the same techniques as the current work but with finer - scale sampling showed that species richness and the abundance of targeted rockfishes was higher within than outside of the ccas [ 26 ] . similarly , submersible surveys in 2012 encountered cowcod with greater frequency within than outside of the ccas [ 25 ] . in addition , abundances of recently hatched , but not older , larval bocaccio were concentrated around the relatively shallow banks within the eastern cca [ 24 ] . although we did not detect an interaction between year and cca for bocaccio , abundances were higher within than outside of paired cca stations in all but two years . these studies and ours indicate that the ccas were positioned in locations that are well suited to protect and facilitate the recovery of many rockfishes in southern california .
cope , j . m . 2004 . population genetics and phylogeography of the blue rockfish ( sebastes mystinus ) from washington to california . canadian journal of fisheries & aquatic sciences 61 : 332 - 342 .
mitamura h , uchida k , miyamoto y , arai n , kakihara t , yokota t , et al . ( 2009 ) preliminary study on homing , site fidelity , and diel movement of black rockfish
this video shows a large school of cowcod and bocaccio rockfish found at 89 meters . the footage was taken using a remotely operated vehicle ( rov ) at forty - three fathom bank in the cowcod conservation area off of san diego , ca , by scientists at the southwest fisheries science center . the red dots in the video are produced by two parallel lasers attached to the rov . the lasers are exactly 10 cm apart , and the scientists use them to help estimate the size of fish underwater .
both bocaccio and darkblotched give live birth to their young , rather than lay eggs . year to year , there are huge swings in the number of young that survive to become part of the fishery . and , researchers initially underestimated the extent to which populations could rebound from low levels , according to hastie .
lucero , y . 2009 . a multivariate stock - recruitment function for cohorts with sympatric subclasses : application to maternal effects in rockfish ( genus sebastes ) . canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 66 : 557 - 564 .
hannah rw , rankin ps ( 2011 ) site fidelity and movement of eight species of pacific rockfish at a high - relief rocky reef on the oregon coast . n am j fish manage 31 ( 3 ) : 483–494 .
west coast rockfish species in deep collapse only 20 years ago have multiplied rapidly in large marine protected areas off southern california , likely seeding surrounding waters with enough offspring to offer promise of renewed fishing , a new study has found .
gary greene h , o’connell vm and brylinsky ck ( 2011 ) tectonic and glacial related seafloor geomorphology as possible demersal shelf rockfish habitat surrogates—examples along the alaskan convergent transform plate boundary . cont shelf res 31 ( 2 ) : s39–s53 .
three years ago , for example , was a great year for survival rates of young darkblotched rockfish . “the current model says 2013 was twice as big as anything we have seen in the past 30 years , ” hastie said .
caught commercially off the outer washington coast with otter - trawls , longline , and jig handline gear . rarely caught by recreational harvesters off the outer washington coast . the puget sound and georgia basin populations of bocaccio are listed as endangered under the endangered species act and recreational retention in all puget sound waters is prohibited . see : urltoken
population trends the abundance of bocaccio in bc waters is unknown . there is little directed research because of its lack of commercial importance . the population as a whole is present in all coastal waters along the edge of the continental shelf . the abundance in the outer north coast is unknown but it appears to be stable in the central coast .
burford , m . o . 2009 . demographic history , geographical distribution and reproductive isolation of distinct lineages of blue rockfish ( sebastes mystinus ) , a marine fish with a high dispersal potential . journal of evolutionary biology 22 : 1471 - 1486 .
reynolds bf , powers sp , bishop ma ( 2010 ) application of acoustic telemetry to assess residency and movements of rockfish and lingcod at created and natural habitats in prince william sound . plos one 5 ( 8 ) : e12130 . pmid : 20730090
habitat and distribution in bc , bocaccio are mainly caught along the outer pacific coast near the edge of the continental shelf , with largest catches from the northwest end of vancouver island and queen charlotte sound . they are sometimes reported from mainland inlets as well as the strait of georgia . the depth of catch is slightly shallower during summer than winter , with median depth of catch in the trawl fishery of 110 m in summer to 180 m in winter . two tagging studies conducted off the coast of california suggest that bocaccio move more during the first few years of life , and become more sedentary as they age . the amount of movement appears to drop off after they reach a length of 47 cm .
the us national marine fisheries service ( nmfs ) conducts triennial surveys and operated 7 times in canadian waters between 1980 - 2001 . these surveys led to conclusions that bocaccio biomass has declined in the vancouver inpfc region although there have been some problems using this biomass index to determine trends in abundance . another index is derived from the wcvi shrimp trawl survey that has been carried out every year since 1973 and has recorded rockfish catches since 1975 . this survey represents the longest series of biomass estimates for bocaccio in canadian waters and has shown that there was relatively low biomass in the 1970s , increasing in the mid 1980s and declining by the late 1980s , a trend that has continued to the present . again , like the nmfs survey estimates , these estimates have low precision . however , there does appear overall to be some evidence of a decline over the last two decades in southern offshore waters , and there is strong evidence for a similar decline in us waters further south .
2001 . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region . this polygon shapefile contains the entire distribution for adult black rockfish ( sebastes melanops ) . the process of creating this shapefile includ . . . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region .
2001 . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region . this polygon shapefile contains the most common distribution for adult brown rockfish ( sebastes auriculatus ) . the process of creating this shapefil . . . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region .
2001 . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region . this polygon shapefile contains the entire distribution for adult calico rockfish ( sebastes dalli ) . the process of creating this shapefile included . . . california . department of fish and game . marine resources region .
fishery in bc , bocaccio are commonly caught along with several other groundfish species including pacific ocean perch , yellowtail rockfish and canary rockfish . in recent years , their occurrence appeared to be relatively predictable in both time and space . current commercial catches are low , as are the sport and first nations catches . they currently make up less than 1 % of the commercial trawl landings , but there is a small amount of targeting for boccacio . commercial trawl catch is almost zero in the strait of georgia . there is a small hook - and - line catch as well as discarding in the commercial hook - and - line fisheries for halibut , zn and schedule ii . the population s in bc are contiguous with those in washington state ; therefore it is possible that catches in the us may impact the bc population s . at this time however , this is unlikely to be an issue as us landings are very low due to restrictive trip limits .
the results on the water column use indicate that s . schlegelii are mainly found at an average depth of 20 . 90 m ( ranging from 16 m to 31 m ) . s . schlegelii is a demersal rockfish and remained closer to the bottom for a large portion of the tracking period in our study ( table 4 ) . in another study , the black rockfish sebastes melanops also remained close to the bottom ; the proposed explanation for this behavior was that it enabled fish to avoid the water turbulence from wave action and storm activity [ 41 ] .
both commercial and recreational catches of rockfishes have substantially declined since the mid 1980s and 1990s in both the north and south puget sound ( palsson et al . 2009 ) ( figure 2 ) . bottom trawl survey data also show declines in the harvested species of rockfishes ; the two species that have increased over time ( redstripe rockfish , s . proriger and puget sound rockfish , s . emphaeus ) are smaller - bodied fish that are not harvested ( palsson et al . 2009 ) ( figure 3 ) . the estimated spr ratios for copper and quillback rockfish in the north and south sound have also declined dramatically from 1970s to 1999 in both the north and south sounds ( palsson et al . 2009 ) ( figure 4 ) . this metric is important because it reflects the effect of fishing pressure on the reproductive capacity of a harvested population .
boccacio are caught at depths between 60 - 340 m during bottom trawling while midwater trawl catches tend to occur over bottom depths of 60 - 200 m . incidental catches in midwater trawling occur when yellowtail ( sebastes flavidus ) and widow rockfish ( s . entomelas ) are targeted in the fishery .
citation : zhang y , xu q , alós j , liu h , xu q , yang h ( 2015 ) short - term fidelity , habitat use and vertical movement behavior of the black rockfish sebastes schlegelii as determined by acoustic telemetry . plos one 10 ( 8 ) : e0134381 . urltoken
buonaccorsi , v . p . , c . a . kimbrell , e . a . lynn , and r . d . vetter . 2002 . population structure of copper rockfish ( sebastes caurinus ) reflects postglacial colonization and contemporary patterns of larval dispersal . canadian journal of fisheries & aquatic sciences 59 : 1375 .
range / habitat : bocaccio are found from stepovak bay , alaska peninsula , to punta blanca , baja california . this species was once common on steep walls in portions of puget sound , now they are very rare . they have been found at water depths ranging from 12 to 478 m ( 40 - 1 , 578 ft ) , but tend to be most abundant from 50 to 250 m ( 165 - 825 ft ) in depth .
miller , j . a . , m . a . banks , d . gomez - uchida , and a . l . shanks . 2005 . a comparison of population structure in black rockfish ( sebastes melanops ) as determined with otolith microchemistry and microsatellite dna . canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 62 : 2189 - 2198 .
our work strongly indicates that the ccas have been effective in facilitating the recovery of multiple targeted rockfish species and supports the effectiveness of establishing and regularly monitoring long - term mpas . given that augmenting larval output is the primary mechanism by which mpas can benefit fisheries , this study provides an example of how larval monitoring can be used to assess mpa efficacy .
habitat enhancement via the deployment of ars has been a widely used management and conservation tool worldwide [ 86 , 87 ] . there is strong evidence that the implementation of ars increases the local abundance of fishes by various mechanisms , creating a mating / spawning area , increasing fish growth and survival of juveniles , and attracting fish from outside the area [ 88 – 90 ] . ar restoration has been shown to mitigate rockfish population loss in many studies [ 91 – 93 ] and , in general , rockfish habitat utilization is closely linked to habitat complexity [ 81 ] . in fact , rockfish exhibit a strong affinity for rugged geomorphological features [ 38 , 94 , 95 ] and the heterogeneous and structured habitat of rocky substrates [ 39 , 96 , 97 ] . reynolds et al . [ 81 ] demonstrated the potential of ars to provide quality habitat for s . caurinus along the alaskan convergent transform plate boundary . the results of our study agree with these previous findings for other species , and we suggest that ars create quality habitat and serve as attractants for s . schlegelii .
this is the first research we know of to demonstrate that marine protected areas are producing high abundances of fish larvae that can seed surrounding areas ,
thompson said .
that was an important part of the vision for these areas when they were established , and it ' s rewarding that management actions are contributing to the recovery of rockfish in southern california .
from 1999 to 2002 , scientific stock surveys documented declining numbers of west coast groundfish , and the council and noaa fisheries took action by declaring them overfished and reducing commercial harvests . while the reductions represented sharp blows to coastal economies , fishing communities and the fishing industry recognized the importance of maintaining sustainable groundfish stocks for the long term . bocaccio , for example , was declared overfished in 1999 , but strong reproduction and recruitment combined with the fishing cutbacks helped rebuild the species five years ahead of the original target of 2022 .
many aspects of the ecology and biology of rockfish germane to their management in puget sound are not well understood . for example , ecological interactions such as predation may play important roles in determining the success of management strategies ( e . g . , beaudreau and essington 2007 , harvey et al . 2008 ) , while demographic parameters such as age structure of populations ( berkeley et al . 2004 , berkeley 2006 , lucero 2009 ) or variability in the factors that drive recruitment rates are also likely to be quite important in driving the potential for rockfish recovery . furthermore , while targeted exploitation of rockfishes in puget sound has diminished in recent years , the influence of continued threats such as pollution , altered food webs , incidental catch in recreational fisheries are not known .
the larvae of several species of rockfish that were once heavily fished increased in number within protected areas over the past decade ,
said andrew thompson , a research scientist at the swfsc in la jolla , calif .
the larvae have the potential to drift outside the protected region . that ' s good for fisheries because it can build populations beyond the protected waters too .
we processed 6717 larvae and identified 39 rockfish species throughout the time - series ( electronic supplementary material , table s1 ) . two non - targeted species , squarespot and shortbelly , were especially common , comprising over 50 % of the combined larvae ( table 1 ) . the next most abundant non - targeted species were pygmy , halfbanded , stripetail , swordspine and whitespeckled ( table 1 ) . the most abundant targeted species were bocaccio , blue , bank , speckled , olive , widow , chilipepper and copper ( table 1 ) . conversely , some species were extremely rare . for example , we detected only one individual ( not adjusting for shf ) for greenspotted ( s . chlorostictus ) , greenblotched ( s . rosenblatti ) and flag ( s . rubrivinctus ) , two individuals for calico ( s . dalli ) and yelloweye ( s . ruberrimus ) , and three for mexican ( s . macdonaldi ) ( electronic supplementary material , table s1 ) .
we would have never known this if not for the trove of data we get from those ships out on the water regularly looking at everything from temperature to , in this case , numbers of larval rockfish ,
said kristen koch , acting director of the swfsc .
we ' ve discovered this conservation success story thanks to long - term monitoring that gives us new insight into how the ocean works and changes .
we found that larval abundances of the majority of targeted rockfishes increased throughout southern california between 1998 and 2013 . the rates of increase , however , were much higher within than outside of the ccas for most of the targeted but none of the untargeted species ( figure 5 ; electronic supplementary material , table s4 ) . this indicates that the presence of the ccas is facilitating the recovery of rockfish species that were historically targeted by fishers .
six of the eight ( excluding cowcod which were quite rare ) most abundant targeted species ( copper , widow , blue , speckled , bocaccio and olive ) showed significant increases in their mean abundances across the entire region over time ( figure 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s2 ) . interestingly , although cowcod abundances were below the threshold for formal analysis , this species did significantly increase during the study ( figure 2 ) . four of the seven ( squarespot , whitespeckled and pygmy ) most abundant non - targeted species significantly or nearly significantly ( stripetail ) increased during the study ( figure 3 ; electronic supplementary material , table s2 ) .
in addition to management actions that allowed more individuals to reach maturity , environmental conditions probably contributed to the proliferation of rockfish larvae . rockfish spawning output is affected by the environment as female reproduction is reduced when food is scarce and adult energy reserves are low [ 19 ] . low spawning years typically occur during el niños when water temperature is high and primary productivity is low [ 51 , 52 ] . our logistic regression models support the idea that reproduction is higher when the water is cool as the presence of most species correlated negatively with temperature . further , we found that the water was cooler than the 30 - year average in most years between 1998 and 2013 , and it has been speculated that 1999 marked the beginning of an oceanographic shift from warm conditions that characterized the region between 1977 and 1998 [ 53 ] . therefore , environmental conditions appeared to have been generally conducive for high larval production and recruitment throughout much of the study .
parker , s . j . , s . a . berkeley , j . t . golden , d . r . gunderson , j . heifetz , m . a . hixon , r . larson , b . m . leaman , m . s . love , j . a . musick , v . m . o ' connell , s . ralston , h . j . weeks , and m . m . yoklavich . 2000 . management of pacific rockfish . fisheries 25 : 22 - 30 .
a common feature of the spatial and temporal behavior of rockfishes of the genus sebastes is that their behaviors differ between day and night [ 83 , 84 ] . this divergent behavioral pattern suggests that rockfish activity is closely related to ambient light intensity and that sunset and sunrise determine changes in behavioral state [ 38 ] . however , this pattern is not consistent among sebastes species ; some species are more active during the day , others during the night , and some exhibit no diel behavioral patterns . for example , the rosethorn rockfish sebastes helvomaculatus exhibits a clear diurnal activity pattern ( active during the day and inactive at night ) [ 85 ] . similarly , s . mystinus is more active during the day than at night , as indicated by a steep decrease in detection rates at dusk and resuming to the high level at dawn [ 38 ] . by contrast , s . inermis remains buried in rock crevices during the day but ranges between the surface and very deep depths at night [ 42 ] . in the present study , s . schlegelii was more frequently detected during the day than night , which is interpreted as a day active behavior [ 70 ] .
the probability of presence of six of the eight most abundant targeted species ( copper , widow , blue , speckled , bocaccio and olive ) correlated negatively with temperature ( table 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s3 a ) . two of the seven most abundant non - targeted species ( whitespeckled and pygmy ) also had negative relationships with temperature ( table 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s3 b ) . there were also significant positive relationships with chlorophyll a for copper , squarespot , shortbelly , whitespeckled and halfbanded ( table 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s3 ) . trend direction with salinity and oxygen were inconsistent as the presence of chilipepper decreased but swordspine increased with salinity ( table 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s3 ) . similarly , trends were positive with oxygen for blue but negative for shortbelly and halfbanded ( table 2 ; electronic supplementary material , table s3 ) .
reproduction bocaccio bear live young and produce between 20 , 000 and 230 , 000 eggs . fecundity tends to increase with increasing size of a female . copulation occurs early in the fall and larval release occurs over the winter . the larvae are 4 - 5 mm in length at parturition and metamorphose into pelagic juvenile s at 19 - 40 mm over a period of several months . the growth of juvenile s is rapid at around 0 . 56 - 0 . 97 mm per day . they can reach 24 cm in length by the end of the first year . the juvenile s settle into littoral and demersal habitat from late spring throughout the summer . young - of - the - year live near the surface for a few months and then settle in nearshore areas where they form schools over bottom depths of 30 - 120 m . adults may be semi - pelagic and are found over a variety of bottom types between bottom depths of 60 - 300 m .
adults found over rocky reefs , but also common on open bottoms to about 320 m ( ref . 2850 ) . juveniles are pelagic and settle in near shore nursery areas , then move to deeper habitats ( ref . 36715 ) . young form schools ( ref . 2850 ) . feed mainly on fishes , including other rockfishes ( ref . 2850 ) . ovoviviparous , with planktonic larvae ( ref . 36715 , 6885 , 34817 ) . validated age by radiometry is 37 yrs ( ref . 75794 ) . a famous sport fish throughout its range ( ref . 2850 ) . flesh is of excellent quality when kept chilled ( ref . 27436 ) . sold with other rockfish species ( ref . 27436 ) .
dorsal spines ( total ) : 13 - 15 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 13 - 16 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 8 - 10 ; vertebrae : 26 . a large rockfish with weak head spines - nasal and parietal spines usually absent , preocular , supraocular , postocular , tympanic , coronal and nuchal spines absent ( ref . 27437 ) . lower jaw long , thickened , with no real symphyseal knob and projects past upper jaw ; maxillary extends to behind the eye ; parietal ridges parallel ( ref . 27437 ) . caudal slightly indented ( ref . 6885 ) . olive orange to burnt orange or brown in color ( ref . 27437 ) . branchiostegal rays : 7 ( ref . 36715 ) .
in response to the decline in populations of rockfishes in southern california , ( particularly cowcod , which was formally declared overfished in 1999 [ 22 ] ) , the pacific fishery management council established two cowcod conservation areas ( ccas ) in 2001 . the ccas comprise a western and eastern area in the scb ( encompassing 10 878 km 2 and 260 km 2 , respectively ; figure 1 ) where cowcod were historically caught at high rates [ 22 ] . bottom - fishing deeper than 36 m is prohibited within the ccas as larger , targeted rockfishes typically reside below this depth . these areas are several times larger than most marine mpas that have been comprehensively studied thus far ( but see [ 23 ] ) and are the largest rockfish conservation areas in the world .
one difficulty in evaluating mpa effects has been a lack of robust sampling designs [ 15 , 16 ] . mpa impacts may be masked or misinterpreted if , for example , samples are collected only within mpa bounds without outside control locations . furthermore , inside and outside locations should be paired such that habitat conditions are similar inside and outside of mpas [ 5 ] . an ideal set - up will monitor both before and after mpa establishment to determine if sample ( e . g . fish abundances ) trajectories diverge inside and outside following placement of mpas [ 15 ] . finally , data should be collected on species that are and are not targeted by fishing to assess if mpas are affecting population dynamics of protected species [ 17 ] . we use a before - - after , control - impact paired series design [ 18 ] to quantify mpa effects on larval abundances of 15 rockfish species that were and were not historically targeted by fishing .
relatively large rockfish conservation areas ( rcas ) have also been established along the western us coast , as well as further north in canadian waters with the goal of facilitating recovery of overfished stocks . us rcas north of southern california appear to be benefitting rockfishes in addition to other demersal species as both bottom trawl [ 58 ] and hook and line surveys [ 59 ] detected significant increases in abundances since the beginning of the millennium . however , studies in canada obtained mixed results . whereas surveys in the strait of georgia indicated that these rcas positively impacted rockfishes [ 60 ] , a more comprehensive study suggested that canadian rcas have not facilitated recovery of demersal fish populations [ 61 ] . lack of compliance was a potential explanation for the canadian mpa ineffectiveness as there was no difference in fishing activity before and after establishment in most of these rcas [ 62 ] . indeed , a recent global survey found that many mpas were inadequately managed and these performed almost three times worse than equitably governed mpas [ 63 ] . it is likely that differences in management efficacy explain performance variation between the us and canadian rcas .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
baja california ( mx ) to kodiak , alaska ( us ) 20 - 500m .
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species of concern are those species about which we have some concerns regarding status and threats , but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the endangered species act ( esa ) . we wish to draw proactive attention and conservation action to these species .
species of concern
status does not carry any procedural or substantive protections under the esa .
fact sheets for each species are provided on the links below . note : species of concern can also be
candidate species
.
atlantic - cape breton , nova scotia , to st . john ' s river , fl ( not warranted for listing 12 - month finding , aug 2013 , 78 fr 48943 )
indo - pacific - red sea and east africa to the line islands and samoa ; north to yaeyama , south to the great barrier reef and new caledonia ; paulau , caroline , mariana in micronesia ; in u . s . it occurs in guam , american samoa , cnmi and the pacific remote island areas ( wake islands ) . ( not warranted for listing 12 - month finding , nov 2012 , 77 fr 66799 ) .
indo - pacific - red sea to the tuamotus , north to the ryukyus , east to wake islands , south to new caledonia , throughout micronesia ; includes u . s . territories of guam and american samoa ( not warranted for listing 12 - month finding , sept 2014 , 79 fr 57875 )
pacific - sitka island , alaska to baja california , mexico . ( not warranted for listing 12 - month finding , dec 2014 , 79 fr 77998 ) .
* nmfs reviewed the status of this species as a result of a petition to list it under the endangered species act . while esa listing was determined to not be warranted , nmfs retained this species on the species of concern list .
the following species were removed from species of concern list because they were either listed under the endangered species act ( esa ) or concerned about their status were removed because of new information and completion of a species of concern status report .
the proactive species conservation grant program supports voluntary conservation efforts designed to conserve marine and anadromous species before listing under the endangered species act ( esa ) becomes necessary . through this grant program , nmfs will provide federal assistance , in the form of grants or cooperative agreements , to support conservation efforts for species it has identified as species of concern ( soc ) .
a list of previously funded projects can be found in the proactive species conservation grants archive .
information on other grant opportunities offered by office of protected resources is also available .
body color : olive - brown dorsally becoming pink to red ventrally ; specimens less than 10 inches ( 25 cm ) w / small brown spots on sides .
- anus midway between pelvic - fin base and anal - fin origin ; maxilla extends to midorbit ; head spine count differs ; maximum length 32 cm .
- maxilla extends to midorbit , symphyseal knob present ; body red w / whitish belly ; head spine count differs .
this species is under consideration for listing as endangered under the federal species at risk act ( sara ) . more information about sara , including how it protects individual species , is available on the species at risk public registry . additionally , fisheries protection and pollution prevention provisions of the fisheries act provide protection to this species .


nessaea batesii , the bates olivewing , is a species of butterfly of the family nymphalidae .

the length of the wings is 29 – 36 mm for males and 32 – 40 mm for females .

the upperside of adult males is dark brown , with bright sky-blue diagonal bands on the forewings and orange patches on the hindwings .

the females have plain brown hindwings , blue diagonal bands across the forewings , and elongated reddish spots within the discal cell of the forewings .

nessaea batesii

nessaea obrinus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) = papilio obrinus linnaeus , 1758 = nessaea ancaeus = nessaea obrina = nessaea lesoudieri le moult 1933 .
nessaea batesii ( c . felder & r . felder , 1860 ) - bates ' olivewing
nessaea , namely aglaura , batesii , hewitsonii and obrinus , all of which are confined to the neotropical region .
the bates olivewing ( nessaea batesii ) is a species of butterfly of the nymphalidae family . it is found in eastern venezuela , the guianas and the lower amazon in brazil .
nessaea hewitsoni is found throughout eastern andes from colombia and venezuela to bolivia , and across the western amazonas of brazil .
all of the species have similar undersides . the uppersides of nessaea males are very dark brown , with bright sky blue diagonal bands on the forewings . the male of hewitsonii also has blue markings on the hindwings , but the remaining species including batesii have orange patches on the hindwings instead . the females of all species have plain brown hindwings , blue diagonal bands across the forewings , and elongated reddish spots within the discal cell of the forewings .
are usually seen singly , and breed in wet primary rainforest at altitudes between 0 - 800m . they are not usually encountered in secondary forest , and it is very unusual for them to be seen in open sunny areas , although i have observed males of nessaea aglaura in forest edge habitats and degraded forest in ecuador .
id : 11901 original name : nessaea ancaeus 01 ( c ) v . motyčka . jpg size 750x566 - 73759 bytes image manager : vladimír motyčka directory : 2135 created : 2005 - 12 - 16 18 : 45 : 10 - user ondřej zicha last change : 2015 - 07 - 18 11 : 01 : 20 - user francesco vitali url : urltoken text function : [ [ i : 11901 ; image ] ] , [ [ it : 11901 ] ] ( thumbnail )
all nessaea species are fast flyers . when at rest they are very alert to movement . if alarmed they fly off very rapidly and with great agility . they usually resettle a short distance away but invariably return to the original spot within a few minutes . normally they settle on foliage about 1 - 3m above the ground , and close their wings immediately upon landing . they then wait motionless for a few minutes , and if undisturbed they will slowly open their wings to bask .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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a small neotropical forest genus . the green ventral color of the wings is quite unusual among nymphalidae .
lamas , g . ( ed . ) 2004 atlas of neotropical lepidoptera . checklist : part 4a hesperioidea - papiionoidea . gainesville : scientific publishers / association of tropical lepidoptera .
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the larva when fully grown is jade green . each body segment adorned with enormous whorled spikes which are amber in colour . the head is bluish and armed with a pair of long head horns . the larva adopts the usual biblidini resting posture with it ' s body arched and it ' s face appressed to the substrate so that the spines are directed upward . if it is molested the larva twitches violently , swinging it ' s head from side to side . the pupa is dark green , and is attached by the cremaster from the upperside of a leaf , projecting horizontally .
the butterflies are usually found as singletons , but it is not unusual to see several males and one or two females during an hour long walk along a narrow forest track in suitable habitat .
feed at fallen fruit , and can be baited with plantain . they are also attracted to mammal dung and urine on forest tracks , but unlike many other members of the biblidini they are not attracted to sunny river beaches or other open areas .
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species catonephele salambria ( c . felder & r . felder , 1861 ) - salambria banner