elimia tenera , formerly known as goniobasis tenera , is an extinct species of freshwater snail with an operculum , in the aquatic gastropod mollusk family pleuroceridae .

this species flourished during the eocene and is now known only from the fossil record .

the genus name elimia was restored to this species in 1975 ; formerly it was placed in goniobasis .

elimia tenera

aquamarine | elimia tenera fossil | raw aquamarine & elimia tenera mismatched earring studs . mermaid earrings . boho jewelry .
turritella agate slab , elimia agate slice for cabbing or display , fossilized elimia tenera , 91x64x6 . 7mm
paleo & geo topics : comments by r . l . squires : elimia tenera : a commonly misidentified eocene freshwater snail
elimia tenera , green river formation , usa , eocene era ( 45 mya ) - 18 . 8g | fossils | pinterest | green river
elimia tenera , green river formation , usa , eocene era ( 45 mya ) - 15 . 4g | fossils | pinterest | green river
click the button below to add the turritella ( elimia tenera ) fossil - 34 to 56 mya - actual authentic fossil to your wish list .
this rock ( 77 mm width ) is fully packed with specimens of e . tenera .
elimia tenera : specimen on the left ( 19 mm height ) shows the spiral ribs , and the specimen on the right ( 14 mm height ) shows both spiral and radial ribs .
turritella agate , elimia tenera fossil shell , 6mm ( 6 . 4mm ) round beads , 16 inch , full strand , approx 65 beads , hole 1mm , a + quality ( 421054002 )
named
turritella
in error decades ago . the correct name is
elimia agate .
this polished slab ( 37 mm width ) shows only the cross section of shells of e . tenera .
so , next time you visit your favorite rock and fossil shop or show , ask for an agatized elimia tenera cabechon . it is very likely no one will know what you are talking about . but you will !
rather , the green river formation fresh water snail species is elimia tenera , and is a member of the pleuroteridae family of gastropods . the best preserved specimens are found in the laney member of the green river formation in sweetwater county , wyoming . elimia tenera are prolifically preserved in regions of southern wyoming , northern colorado and northeastern utah where near shore lake beds were silicified during burial . intermittent volcanic eruptions likely provided the hot silica - rich ground waters responsible for shallow formation of chalcedony in a subtropical environment where the gastropods thrived .
elimia tenera , which used to be ( and incorrectly ) called goniobasis tenera , is a freshwater snail that lived in shallow subtropical lakes with intermittent volcanic eruptions nearby . this gastropod is of eocene age and is commonly found in the laney member of the green river formation in utah . this is the same formation that famously has many very well preserved fish , insect , leaf , and other fossils .
over the years , as i have viewed various collections of fossils , i have come across specimens of a small fossil gastropod that occur in great abundance . rocks containing these shells can be found for sale in rock shops or online , and the shells are commonly and incorrectly called “ turritella agate . ” these rocks do not consist of turritella ; rather they consists of specimens of the freshwater gastropod elimia tenera ( hall , 1845 ) , which have been preserved in chalcedony . actual specimens of turritella can be much larger , possess only spiral ribs , and are known only from shallow - marine deposits . elimia tenera has both radial and spiral ribs , and the aperture of elimia is quite unlike that of turritella .
abundant plants and algae grew on the margins of these lakes , providing a perfect habitat and food source for elimia tenera , the freshwater snail . when the snails died , their shells sank to the bottom of the lake . the snails were so prolific that entire lenses of sediment were composed almost entirely of their shells .
this organic gem material was incorrectly named decades ago when the christener thought that the spectacular spiral - shaped gastropod ( snail ) fossils entombed within the stone were members of the marine turritella genus . that was a mistake . instead , the fossils are of the freshwater snail , elimia tenera , a member of the pleuroceridae family .
if you want to learn more about elimia tenera and the best name for turritella agate , we recommend a visit to the paleontological research institution - people who know what they are talking about when it comes to fossils . their article on turritella agate was authored by dr . warren d . allmon , director of the institution .
the rock shown above is lacustrine fossiliferous chert packed with fossil snails . this material is popular with rockhounds and lapidarists , who call it
turritella agate
. well , it ' s not agate - it ' s fossiliferous chert . and the snails aren ' t turritella , they are elimia tenera ( animalia , mollusca , gastropoda , cerithioidea , pleuroceridae ) .
turritella agate is a type of chalcedony rich sedimentary rock from wyoming usa . it is characterized by the distinct snail shell - like creamy coloured markings within a mainly dark brown / black base . the creamy patterns are created by , and composed of , the silicated fossilized remains of an extinct type of freshwater snail , namely elimia tenera , from the turritella genus .
these three specimens of e . tenera are internal casts ( i . e . , each one shows only the interior of a shell , which was filled with chalcedony ) . the largest specimen is 14 mm height .
there has been considerable disagreement in blogs and websites as to whether or not the e . tenera specimens , found in rock shops , have been replaced by chalcedony or agate . technically speaking , chalcedony is the “culprit . ” it is a microcrystalline form of silica , and chalcedony has many varieties , including agate , which commonly has multi - colored curved or angular banding . the specimens of e . tenera that i have seen were replaced by a fairly uniform brown or gray color of “ordinary” chalcedony and not replaced by the more eye - catching , beautiful colors typically associated with agate .
turritella agate / elimia agate : a close - up photo of a sawn surface of turritella agate showing numerous spiral - shaped snail shells . this type of view shows how the internal cavities of the shells and the voids between the shells have all been infilled with the translucent - to - transparent agate . this view is about two inches across .
if you go into a rock shop or a gem , mineral , and fossil show and ask for
elimia agate ,
a lot of people will say that they have never heard of it . but , if you ask for turritella , almost everyone around you will know what it is . the incorrect name is that well - entrenched in the lapidary trade .
before the correct name was realized and widely published , the gem material became quite popular and the name
turritella
went wild in lapidary magazines , gem , mineral , and fossil books , catalogs , and exhibits . today it is typically seen without corrective note in all of those sources , along with websites , online auctions , and computer software . only a fraction of the people who have collected the material , cut it into cabochons , sold it , bought it , or worn it in jewelry have any knowledge that elimia is a more appropriate name .
molluscan taxa and their paleoecological associations appear to remain uniform throughout deposition of the formation , except for the large planorbid biomphalaria pseudoammonius , which occurs only in the bridgerian - aged rocks of the formation . living forms of the most common freshwater taxa elimia , viviparus , and the unionids ) do not now naturally occur in the rocky mountains , but occur in two separated regions : one in the eastern mississippi river drainages , the other in the pacific northwest . this distribution reflects the shift from perennial warm waters in the eocene to cooler , largely intermittent waters in the post - eocene .
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : north american freshwater snails author : j b burch publisher : hamburg , mich . : malacological publications , ©1989 . oclc : 20559611
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online version : burch , j . b . ( john bayard ) , 1929 - north american freshwater snails . hamburg , mich . : malacological publications , ©1989 ( ocolc ) 767787615
preface v i . introduction 1 ii . systematics , nomenclature , indentification and morphology 7 - systematics 7 - nomenclature 18 - identification and morphology 25 iii . habitats and distribution 74 - habitats 74 - distribution 76 iv . species list , ranges and illustrations 81 - family neritinidae [ neritidae ] 81 - family valvatidae 81 - family viviparidae 84 - family ampullariidae [ pilidae ] 90 - family bithyniidae 92 - family micromelaniidae 92 - family hydrobiidae 92 - family pomatiopsidae 130 - family thiaridae 130 - family pleuroceridae 131 - family acroloxidae 170 - family lymnaeidae 170 - family physidae 182 - family planorbidae 194 - family ancylidae 212 v . identification keys to the freshwater gastropods of north america 217 - families and higher taxa 217 - family neritidae [ neritinidae ] 223 - family valvatidae 223 - family viviparidae 227 - family ampullariidae [ pilidae ] 230 - family bithyniidae 230 - family micromelaniidae 231 - family hydrobiidae 231 - family pomatiopsidae 239 - family thiaridae 240 - family pleuroceridae 241 - family acroloxidae 247 - family lymnaeidae 247 - family physidae 253 - family planorbidae 254 - family ancylidae 261 vi . generic synonymy 264 vii . supplemental notes 268 viii . glossary 285 ix . references 77 , 293 x . index 338 corrigenda 80 , 283
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north american freshwater snails / j b burch ; hamburg , mich . : malacological publications , ©1989 .
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author : hobart m . king , ph . d . , gia graduate gemologist
turritella agate is the popular name used for a brown , translucent , fossiliferous agate found in the green river formation of wyoming . it is very easy to recognize because it contains large fossil snails that stand out in a white - to - tan color that contrasts with the brownish agate .
it is possible that the misnamed turritella is the best - known fossil from the green river formation .
turritella agate cabochon : a cabochon cut from turritella agate that features one of the spiral - shaped snail shells . this cab is about 1 1 / 2 by 1 inch in size .
about 50 million years ago , during the eocene epoch , the young rocky mountains were almost finished growing , and the landscape of what is now parts of colorado , utah , and wyoming consisted of rugged mountains separated by broad intermountain basins . rains falling on the slopes of these mountains ran off of the land and collected into streams that carried sand , silt , mud , and dissolved materials down into the lakes that occupied the intermountain basins . over time , these sediments began filling the lakes , and many types of fossils were preserved within them .
after these layers were buried , groundwater moved through the sediments . small amounts of dissolved microcrystalline silica in the groundwater began to precipitate , possibly in the form of a gel , within the cavities of the snail shells and the empty spaces between them . over time , the entire mass of fossils was silicified , forming the brown fossiliferous agate ( also known as chalcedony ) that we know today as turritella agate .
the green river formation is one of the best - known rock units in the world for its fossils . some geologists call it a
lagerst├ątte ,
a name given to a rock unit that is exceptionally rich in fossils . spectacular fish , plant , insect , and animal fossils have been found in the green river formation .
turritella slab : a slab of turritella agate about six inches in width and 3 / 8 inch thick . slabs like this are used to cut cabochons . the lapidary selects a nice scene in the slab , saws a rough outline , and grinds the material into a cab .
for at least the past fifty years , turritella agate has been prized as a unique and beautiful gem material . when it is completely silicified , it can be sawn into slabs that are polished and used for bookends , desk sets , clock faces , and other lapidary craft items .
many lapidaries mark ovals , circles , squares and other shapes on the slabs and cut them into cabochons . these make great pendants , belt buckles , bolos , ring stones , and earrings . scraps and pieces too small to slab or make other items with can be placed in a rock tumbler to produce some of the most interesting tumbled stones .
people who see these beautiful projects marvel that so many spectacular fossils are preserved in the rock . they are also surprised by the cross - sections of the fossils that are visible in great detail on the slabs , cabs , and tumbled stones . turritella is one of the most fascinating gem materials and a lesson in snail anatomy .
the rock material that contains the fossil snails ranges from a shale to a sandstone . some of it has been silicified into a dense agate that is free of voids and serves as an excellent gem material . however , most of the material is only somewhat silicified , or unsilicified .
when purchasing or collecting material for lapidary work , it must be carefully inspected to be sure that it is fully silicified and that the fossils are firmly cemented into the rock . some of the vendors who sell it do not know the qualities that are needed for lapidary work . incompletely silicified material is a waste of money and time . it is frustrating to cut , yields a low - quality product , and doesn ' t even make nice tumbled stones .
turritella agate rough : another close - up photo of turritella agate . the width of this view is about two inches .
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dr . squires shares his enthusiasm for interesting paleontologic and geologic topics with the general public .
today is confined entirely to north american fresh waters : the eastern united states and into texas and from southern canada to florida . pleurocerids might be relicts ( “living fossils” ) from earlier geologic times ( paleozoic ? ) in eastern north america .
i taught paleontology for 40 years at california state university northridge . my on - going research concerns fossil mollusks ( i . e . , snails and clams ) that can be found in cretaceous and cenozoic rocks along the west coast of north america .
all images and text are copyrighted by r . squires , unless otherwise noted . . simple theme . powered by blogger .
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, department of geology and geological engineering , univ of north dakota , box 8358 , grand forks , nd 58202 , joseph _ hartman @ und . nodak . edu , hanley , john h , u . s . geol survey , denver federal center , box 25046 , denver , co 80225 , good , steven c . , department of geology & astronomy , west chester univ , west chester , pa 19383 , and evanoff , emmett , university of colorado museum , univ colorado - boulder , campus box 265 , boulder , co 80309 - 0265
the shells of freshwater and terrestrial mollusks occur in all facies of the wasatchian and bridgerian - age green river formation and can be so abundant as to form coquinas . fossil assemblages include freshwater gastropods , terrestrial ( subaerial ) gastropods , freshwater mussels , and fingernail clams .
. these two gill - bearing snails are most abundant in the high - energy shore facies of the formation . other gastropods include species of
( heterostropha ) . the latter are typically the only gastropods that occur in the sublittoral oil shales . freshwater pulmonate gastropods are numerically rare in the formation but include species of
. the pulmonate gastropods typically occur in near - shore facies and in pond deposits in the wasatch and bridger formations lateral to the green river formation .
is most abundant in the near - shore facies . the highly alkaline chemistries of the green river lakes allowed for the preservation of the glochidium on adult shells of
is most abundant in the sublittoral facies and can occur in the oil shales .
© copyright 2002 the geological society of america ( gsa ) , all rights reserved . permission is hereby granted to the author ( s ) of this abstract to reproduce and distribute it freely , for noncommercial purposes . permission is hereby granted to any individual scientist to download a single copy of this electronic file and reproduce up to 20 paper copies for noncommercial purposes advancing science and education , including classroom use , providing all reproductions include the complete content shown here , including the author information . all other forms of reproduction and / or transmittal are prohibited without written permission from gsa copyright permissions .
we interpret the lower laclede bed to record deposition in a balanced - fill lake basin , in which lakes of varying salinity expanded and contracted across a low - relief basin floor . the preservation of shoreline and alluvial facies in the northeastern part of the transect suggest maximum lake depths of ~ 50 m or less , based on analogy to the modern bear river delta in utah . we interpret the upper laclede bed to record deposition in an overfilled lake basin , that was continuously occupied by a relatively stable , freshwater lake with an outlet to the south .
previous studies concluded that the transition to overfilled conditions resulted from capture of the idaho river . the results of this study suggest a more complex process of continuous watershed expansion that occurred throughout laney member deposition . based on 87s r / 86 sr ratios , the base of the laney member in the bridger basin appears to be slightly older than in the washakie basin . capture of the idaho river did trigger the shift to overfilled conditions however , and southward spillage of lake gosiute caused lakes in the piceance creek and uinta basins to merge and deposit the highly organic - rich mahogany zone . detritus from the challis volcanic field eventually filled in lake gosiute , and was then carried downstream to partly fill lake uinta .
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we thank b . l . beard , k . m . bohacs , h . p . buchheim , g . grabowski , c . m . johnson , j . t . pietras , and m . e . smith for their helpful assistance , advice , and discussions concerning the laney member . e . drew , e . parcher - wartes , and j . van alstine served as tireless field assistants during this project , and a . devaughn assisted with laboratory analyses . we are grateful for funding received from conoco , texaco , the u . s . national science foundation ( ear - 9406684 and ear - 9628549 to c . m . johnson ) , the donors of the petroleum research fund of the american chemical society , the j . david love wyoming field geology fellowship , and the university of wisconsin - madison department of geoscience , and the morgridge distinguished graduate fellowship . we also thank m . e . smith for thoughtfully reviewing the manuscript .
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winland hd , matthews rk ( 1974 ) origin and significance of grapestone , bahama islands . j sediment petrol 44 : 921–927
wolfbauer ca , surdam rc ( 1974 ) origin of nonmarine dolomite in eocene lake gosiute , green river basin , wyoming . geol soc am bull 85 : 1733–1740
rhodes m . k . , carroll a . r . ( 2015 ) lake type transition from balanced - fill to overfilled : laney member , green river formation , washakie basin , wyoming . in : smith m . , carroll a . ( eds ) stratigraphy and paleolimnology of the green river formation , western usa . syntheses in limnogeology , vol 1 . springer , dordrecht
green river fossil bat : this 5 . 5 inch long bat is the most primitive bat known . claws on each finger of its wings indicate it was probably an agile climber and crawled along and under tree branches searching for insects . national park service photo . enlarge image .
the green river formation has yielded some of the best - preserved and oldest fossil bats ever found . it has also produced a variety of other unusual fossils such as turtles , crayfish , and horses . the photos shown below are by the national park service - fossil butte national monument .
green river fossil turtle : this 1 . 7 meter ( 5 foot 6 inch ) softshell turtle is one of the largest turtles from fossil lake . during the eocene , trionychid turtles reached maximum size . today , north america ' s largest softshell turtles reach 51 cm ( 20 inches ) in length . national park service photo . enlarge image .
green river fossil turtle : this ten - inch - long turtle belongs to the baenidae family , an extinct north american group . shell characteristics , a very long tail and recurved claws suggest they were strong bottom - walking turtles . national park service photo . enlarge image .
green river fossil horse : most mammal fossils consist of teeth and bone fragments . this fully - articulated early horse is an extremely rare find and to date , the only horse found in the green river formation . national park service photo . enlarge image .
green river fossil crayfish : crayfish lived in the shallow , near - shore water of fossil lake . procambarus is known only from the eocene deposits of fossil lake . its closest living relative , austrocambarus , is found in mexico . national park service photo . enlarge image .
green river fossil stingray : heliobatis radians had small teeth for crushing snails and other mollusks and barbed spines on the tail for defense . national park service photo . enlarge image .
dacite - a light - colored extrusive igneous rock intermediate between rhyolite and andesite .
kick ' em jenny is a submarine volcano and one of the most active on the caribbean plate .
ash plume at kilauea caused by explosions in the summit crater rise high into the atmosphere .
minerals : information about ore minerals , gem materials and rock - forming minerals .
plate tectonics - articles and maps about plate tectonics and the interior of earth .
cleoniceras ammonite fossil , middle cretaceous ( 110 mya ) , tulear , madagascar - 13 . 8g | fossils | pinterest | ammonite
polished horn coral fossil , western sahara , morocco , devonian ( 380 mya ) - 7 . 1g | fossils | pinterest | western sahara
turritella agate
from the eocene of wyoming , usa . ( 5 . 7 cm across along the base )
of all the molluscs , the gastropods ( snails ) have made the most ecological adaptations . they can be found in almost all fundamental environments : marine , freshwater , terrestrial . most gastropods live in the ocean , and have a single , asymmetrically coiled , external shell of calcium carbonate ( caco3 - usually aragonite ) . the hard calcareous shell is the most easily fossilized part of the gastropod . the soft parts of a snail ( the “slug” portion ) include a well developed head having eyes , tentacles , and a mouth , and a well developed , strong , muscular foot used principally for locomotion . the shell is carried upright on the snail’s back , or is partially dragged behind . when threatened by a predator , many snails can retract their soft parts into the shell’s interior for protection .
many fossil snails in the paleozoic rock record are often not well preserved , or are preserved as internal molds . the original aragonite of many gastropod shells is not stable on geologic time scales , and often recrystallizes or dissolves completely away . fossil snail shells in mesozoic and cenozoic rocks are usually better preserved .
sometimes things get named too fast and once labeled incorrect associations are very difficult to rectify . have you ever seen “ turritella agate” at your favorite fossil dealer’s table ? it has often been polished into cabochons designed to display the whorls of the spiral shaped shell and the agate that has filled the apertures . raw specimens are attractive as well .
the cabachon on the left is 1 . 5” high and is from utah . the raw hand sample on the left is from south central wyoming . both are incorrectly labeled turritella agate in their internet source .
the pieces will probably come with the label “green river formation” and it might be from wyoming , utah or colorado . the location is likely correct , but the fossil identification is not .
have lived since the cretaceous period , thriving during the upper paleocene epoch ( 56 - 60 million years ago ) , just a few million years before “turritella agate” from the green river formation was deposited . however , they were not living in the
this is a fossil turritella mortoni from the paleocene epoch . it was found in the silty shales of the marine aquia formation in king george county , virginia .
the stamps depicted above both correctly depict recent turritella species that are clearly of marine origin . the el salvador stamp issued in 1980 depicts a turritella leucostoma , a species found along the pacific coast from mexico to peru . the 2008 stamp from bosnia and herzegovina features a turritella turris fossil common in the marine miocene rocks of southeast europe .
wonderful article ! we will be linking to this particularly great post on our website . keep up the good writing .
the frequency of turritella agate connects to the base chakra , so that one feels supported , safe , secure and protected in the third dimensional reality , and that one actually creates one’ own reality .
turritella agate can help to opens one’s consciousness so that one is able to connect to the natural spirits of plant and mineral forms and to aid in earth healing .
we have two very comprehensive search facilities , crystals a to z and search for crystals . please explore . . .
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potamocypris is a genus of ostracod crustaceans in the family cyprididae .

there are currently 42 extant species of potamocypris .

the majority of the species occur in freshwater habitats ; only a few species of the genus ( e.g. , potamocypris steueri ) colonize marine brackish coastal waters .

potamocypris

a bisexual population of potamocypris villosa , found in lago de encina , a mesotrophic lake in the cantabrian mountains , nw spain , is the first certain record of the male of this species . valves and soft parts are described . males of potamocypris - species lack a furca although a rudimentary furca is always present in females . the same applies to species of related genera , such as tanganyikacypridopsis and plesiocypridopsis . some remarks on the position of the genus potamocypris in the cyprinopsinae are presented .
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brandão , s . n . ; angel , m . v . ; karanovic , i . ; perrier , v . & meidla , t . ( 2018 ) . world ostracoda database .
martens , k . ; savatenalinton , s . ( 2011 ) . a subjective checklist of the recent , free - living , non - marine ostracoda ( crustacea ) . zootaxa . 2855 : 1 - 79 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
maddocks , r . f . , m . l . machain - castillo , and f . r . gío - argáez . 2009 . podocopan ostracoda ( crustacea ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 877–894 in felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college [ details ]
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mclaughlin et al . 2005 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : crustaceans . american fisheries society special publication 31
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
blanchard , r . , 1891 . résultats d ' une excursion zoologique en algérie . mém . soc . zool . fr . 4 : 208–245 .
broodbakker , n . , 1982 . amsterdam expeditions to the west - indian islands , rep . 20 . the genus
( crustacea , ostracoda ) in the west indies . part 1 : taxonomic characters . bijdr . dierk . 52 : 207–227 .
broodbakker , n . & d . danielopol , 1982 . the chaetotaxy of cypridacea ( crustacea , ostracoda ) limbs : proposals for a descriptive model . bijdr . dierk . 52 : 103–120 .
danielopol , d . , 1982 . nouvelles données sur les candoninae ( ostracoda ) hypogés de roumanie et yougoslavie . bull . mus . natn . hist . nat . , paris , ser . 4 , 4 : 369–396 .
de deckker , p . , 1979 . comparative morphology and review of australian notodromatinae . senckenberg . biol . 59 : 417–463 .
gauthier , h . , 1928a . recherches sur la faune des eaux continentales de l ' algérie et de la tunisie . lechevallier , paris , 420 pp .
gauthier , h . , 1928b . ostracodes et cladocères de l ' afrique du nord ( re note ) . bull . soc . hist . nat . afr . n . 19 : 10–19 .
gauthier , h . , 1931 . faune aquatique du sahara central — récoltes de mlg seurat au hoggar en 1928 . bull . soc . hist . nat . afr . n . 22 : 350–400 .
gauthier , h . , 1937 . ostracodes et cladocères de l ' afrique du nord ( 4e note ) . bull . soc . hist . nat . afr . n . 28 : 147–155 .
klie , w . , 1938 . ostracoda , muschelkrebse . in f . dahl ( ed . ) , die tierwelt deutschlands und der angrenzenden meeresteile , 34 . krebstiere oder crustacea . gustav fischer . jena , 230 pp .
martens , k . , 1984 . annotated checklist of non - marine ostracods ( crustacea , ostracoda ) from african inland waters . zool . dok . , k . mus . mid . afr . 20 , 51 pp .
n . gen . ( crustacea , ostracoda ) from lake tanganyika . zool . scr . 14 ( in press ) .
( crustacea , ostracoda ) . part 2 . species with long swimming setae on the second antennae . trav . sci . mus . hist . nat . luxembg . 6 , 95 pp .
moniez , r . , 1891a . faune des lacs salés d ' algérie . mém . soc . zool . fr . 4 : 246–257 .
moniez , r . , 1891b . les mles chez les ostracodes d ' eau douce . revue biol . n . fr . 3 : 354–356 .
petkovski , t . k . , 1963 . über süsswasser - ostracoden der azoren . bol . mus . municip . funchal 17 : 49–65 .
petkovski , t . k . , 1966 . ostracoden aus einiger quellen der slowakei . acta mus . mazed . sci . nat . 10 : 91–107 .
richard , j . , 1896 . sur lá faune des eaux douces des açores . bull . soc . zool . fr . 21 : 171–178 .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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corresponds to a report on the basis of at least one observation proved within a period of 10 years ( 20 years for little - known invertebrates ) preceding the year and no presumption of extinction since obtaining the last data nor doubt on reproductive and implemented nature of this population . for migratory species , the presence indicated concerns areas of reproduction .
the last reliable sighting is older than 10 years compared to the reference date , no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [ vertebrates , invertebrates and plants well studied ( rhopalocera , grasshoppers , dragonflies . . . ) ] ;
the last reliable observation being older than 20 years , no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [ poorly known taxa : fungus , many invertebrates . . . ] .
this point covers the absence , more difficult by nature to demonstrate than presence . this status is based on one or more of the following criteria :
this status must be assigned to a department in which the presence of the species is casual .
particular case of absence due to a proven extinction less than a half century ago ( older disappearances are treated as
no probable or definite
) .
in the state of knowledge , we can not comment on the presence or absence in the current department . this is the default status when not comprised in one of the previous categories or whenever there is doubt .
warning : the data available reflects the progression status of knowledge or the availability of the inventories . it should never be considered as comprehensive .
national inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .


p. tihoni has a body plan that is intermediate to the generalized , fusiform ( torpedo-shaped ) type such as clarias species and the anguilliform ( eel-shaped ) type such as gymnallabes .

this species is known to grow up to 52.8 centimetres ( 20.8 in ) tl .

platyallabes tihoni

platyallabes tihoni is the only species in the genus platyallabes of catfishes of the family clariidae .
platyallabes tihoni is the only species in the genus platyallabes of catfishes ( order siluriformes ) of the family clariidae . this species is found in the malebo pool . p . more
platyallabes tihoni ( poll , 1944 ) - add this species to your
my cats
page . common name ( s ) none type locality kinshasa , zaire . more
food and agriculture organization of the united nations . fishstat . platyallabes tihoni ( dimensionmember ) . ( latest update : 27 nov 2013 ) accessed ( 9 jul 2018 ) . uri : urltoken
clariids , it is not as large as in platyallabes tihoni , where it is one of the diagnostic features for the genus and species ( devaere et al . , 2005a ) . although , figs 3 & 4 show two clear groups , which were tested significantly different , no new species is currently recognized . more
greek , platys = flat + greek , allabes , - etos = a fish of the nile , a kind of lamprey ( ref . 45335 )
africa : lower congo river basin and pool malebo ( stanley - pool ) ( ref . 78218 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 52 . 8 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 3820 )
no real information available on the biology of this species . apparently live in crevices between stones and rocks where they burry themselves in the substrate ( ref . 78218 ) .
teugels , g . g . , 1986 . clariidae . p . 66 - 101 . in j . daget , j . - p . gosse and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde ( eds . ) check - list of the freshwater fishes of africa ( cloffa ) . isnb , brussels , mrac , tervuren ; and orstom , paris . vol . 2 . ( ref . 3820 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00244 - 0 . 04107 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 5 ±0 . 5 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate vulnerability ( 35 of 100 ) .
528mm or 20 . 8
sl . find near , nearer or same sized spp .
unpaired fins continuous , head very broad , paired fins well developed . color is blackish olve - grey , noticeably lighter and sometimes pink on the belly . the caudal fin is light red in color .
in ventral view especially , females are much broader in the body than males of equal age and rearing practices .
revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines v . 38 ( no . 1 ) , p 79 .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
brummett , r . , mbe tawe , a . n . , dening touokong , c . , reid , g . m . , snoeks , j . staissny , m . , moelants , t . , mamonekene , v . , ndodet , b . , ifuta , s . n . b . , chilala , a . , monsembula , r . , ibala zamba , a . , opoye itoua , o . , pouomogne , v . , darwall , w . & smith , k .
justification : there are currently no threats to the species known , and it is assessed as least concern . if the construction of inga 3 and grand inga , and the luozi mining project will be executed , the status of this species needs to be reassessed .
there are currently no threats to the species known . inga 1 and 2 are existing dams with a minimal impact . the possible future elaboration of the dam complex with inga 3 and later possibly grand inga will pose a great threat to the species that has a limited distribution to this region . given the restricted mainstream habitat and mainstream impacts such as pollution , it can be threatened in the future by mining in the luozi region . the key component of concrete is found in this region , and there is potential for mining in the area .
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the urltoken website brings together statistics , maps , pictures , and documents on food and agriculture from throughout the fao organization in one convenient location . this means that instead of searching multiple sites and sources , you will be able to go to one central place in order to collect or view the data that interests you . to assist in data retrieval , the site provides an efficient search engine as well as easy - to - use navigation menus .
heads up ! we will have a convenient download format available for this resource soon .
food and agriculture organization of the united nations . ( 2012 ) . fishstat . rome , italy : fao .
food and agriculture organization of the united nations . 2012 . fishstat . rome , italy : fao .
food and agriculture organization of the united nations . ( 2012 ) . fishstat . rome , italy , fao .


tyrrhenaria ceratina is a species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family helicidae , the typical snails .

this species is endemic to corsica .

tyrrhenaria ceratina

have a fact about tyrrhenaria ceratina ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a definition for tyrrhenaria ceratina ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
m . charrier * , a . nicolai * . ( in review ) plan national d’actions de tyrrhenaria ceratina , escargot terrestre endémique de corse . national recovery plan , ed . ministry of ecology , of energy , of sustainable development and of the ocean
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
critically endangered b1ab ( i , ii , iii ) + 2ab ( i , ii , iii ) ver 3 . 1
falkner , m . , falkner , g . , von proschwitz , t . & charrier , m .
worldwide . it is today restricted to a very narrow distribution area which is highly fragmented , suggesting a genetic impoverishment and unforeseeable events . moreover , 40 % of the population is located on a 0 . 0051 km² area surrounded by the airport and the beach . these facts justify the maintenance of the species in the category critically endangered ( cr b1ab ( i , ii , iii ) + 2ab ( i , ii , iii ) ) .
the corsican snail is only found near ajaccio , in a biotope restricted to a small geographic area named
campo dell ' oro
( which really occupies only 0 . 02 km² ) , located near the airport , delimited at the east side by the joint delta of the two rivers gravona and prunelli and at the west side by a marina .
thanks to human assistance and biotope management ( natura 2000 site ) providing protected areas appropriate for snail colonization , the population is considered to be stable . the population size is estimated to be between 7 , 500 and 10 , 000 individuals among which 3 , 800–5 , 200 are mature individuals ( estimated information from samplings made in 2009–2010 , m . charrier , pers . comm . , 2011 )
the main threats to this species are urbanisation and land use around the town of ajaccio , leading to habitat fragmentation and habitat loss , as well as leisure activities on the sand beach .
falkner , m . , falkner , g . , von proschwitz , t . & charrier , m . 2011 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
shuttleworth , r . j . 1843 . über die land - und süsswasser - mollusken von corsica . - mittheilungen der naturforschenden gesellschaft in bern 1843 ( 2 / 3 ) : 9 - 21 .
shell looks like helix , yellowish brown with 4 - 5 reddish brown bands , irregularly striated and weakly reticulated , 3 . 5 - 4 convex whorls , last whorl slightly descending , aperture inside shiny and with distinct bands , margin straight and sharp , parietal side sometimes with a weak whitish layer , usually no umbilicus .
sandy and periodically flooded habitats in the coastal plain , in a broken masaic terrain of isolated shrubs of genista salzman - nii , avoids too densely vegetated areas and open areas devoid of genista spots . the snails bury inside the soft and sandy soil ( up to 60 cm deep ) in periods of heat and appear usually only at night and during rainfall , unable to survive in compact soils . reproduction from end of august to mid - october , up to 20 eggs are laid inside a cavity in the sand , covered by mucus , juveniles hatch after 15 - 16 days and 2 - 3 weeks later appear at the surface . maturity is reached after 2 - 4 years , life span 6 - 10 years .
references : moquin - tandon 1855 : 184 , westerlund 1889 : 449 ( h . tristis ) , germain 1930 : 188 , falkner et al . 2001 : 65 , charrier et al . 2005 , gargominy et al . 1999 in urltoken ( 02 . 2011 ) , urltoken ( 2010 ) , welter - schultes 2012 : 628 ( range map ) .
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license
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a . nicolai , p . vernon , r . lenz , j . le lannic , v . briand , m . charrier . ( in press ) well wrapped eggs : effects of egg shell structure on heat resistance and hatchling mass in the invasive land snail cornu aspersum . journal of experimental zoology a , n° : jez - a - 2012 - 03 - 0030
a . nicolai , j . filser , r . lenz , v . briand , m . charrier . ( 2012 ) the composition of body storage compounds influences egg quality and the reproductive investment in the land snail cornu aspersum . canadian journal of zoology 90 ( 9 ) : 1161 - 1170
a . nicolai , j . filser , r . lenz , c . bertrand , m . charrier . ( 2012 ) quantitative assessment of haemolymph metabolites in respect to the physiological state in two populations of the land snail helix pomatia . physiological and biochemical zoology 83 ( 3 ) : 274 - 284
a . nicolai , j . filser , r . lenz , c . bertrand , m . charrier . ( 2011 ) adjustment of metabolite composition in the haemolymph to seasonal variations in the land snail helix pomatia . journal of comparative physiology b 181 : 457 - 466
a . nicolai , j . filser , v . briand , m . charrier . ( 2010 ) seasonally contrasting life history strategies in the land snail cornu aspersum : physiological and ecological implications . canadian journal of zoology 88 : 995 - 1002
a . ansart , a . nicolai , p . vernon and l . madec . ( 2010 ) do ice nucleating agents limit the supercooling ability of the land snail cornu aspersum ? cryoletters 31 ( 4 ) : 329 - 340
a . nicolai , p . vernon , m . lee , a . ansart and m . charrier . ( 2005 ) supercooling ability in two populations of the land snail helix pomatia ( gastropoda : helicidae ) and ice - nucleating activity of gut bacteria . cryobiology 50 : 48 - 57
a . nicolai . ( 2010 ) the impact of diet treatment on reproduction and thermo - physiological processes in the land snails cornu aspersum and helix pomatia . joint - supervision phd thesis university rennes 1 , france / university bremen , germany , urltoken
a . nicolai , r . lenz . roman . ( 2007 ) weinbergschneckenzucht auf der schwäbischen alb – ein beitrag zur regionalentwicklung . horizonte 30 : 3 - 4
a . nicolai , r . lenz . ( 2006 ) die “albschneck®” - zucht auf der schwäbischen alb . ©interessengemeinschaft albschneck , snail farming instruction manual , ed . region aktiv , baden - württemberg , germany
l . williams * , a . nicolai * . ( 2005 ) monitoring of rare species 2005 and study of tourism impact in the nalychevo nature reserve . research report , wwf russia ( * contributed equally )
a . nicolai , j . filser , r . lenz , c . bertrand , m . charrier . ( 2011 ) adjustment of metabolite composition in the haemolymph to seasonal variations in the land snail helix pomatia . 4th international symposium on the environmental physiology of ectotherms & plants at rennes , france ; society for experimental biology annual main meeting at glasgow , united kingdom
a . nicolai . cold and heat resistance in cornu aspersum . ( 2009 ) national congress of snail farming at ile de ré , france
a . nicolai . ( 2006 , 2008 , 2009 ) the impact of diet treatment on reproduction and thermo - physiological processes in the land snails cornu aspersum and helix pomatia . scholarship seminar series , federal foundation for environment of germany
r . lenz , a . nicolai . the roman snail as a member of the ark of taste of slow food . ( 2006 , 2008 ) terra madre , international congress at turin , italy
r . lenz , a . nicolai . ( 2007 ) albschneck® - roman snail farming in the svabian alps . regional agriculture exposition , münsingen , slow food exposition , stuttgart , germany
r . lenz , a . nicolai . ( 2006 , 2007 ) ecology of the roman snail and its farming in the svabian alps . ark of taste market , slow food , beurren , germany
a . nicolai . ( 2006 ) the impact of diet treatment on reproduction in the land snail helix pomatia and roman snail farming as contribution to regional sustainable development in the svabian alps . umr - cnrs 6553 ecology / biology , university rennes 1 , france
a . nicolai . ( 2006 ) roman snail population management in the svabian alps – a contribution to regional sustainable development . uft , university bremen , germany
a . nicolai , p . vernon , a . ansart , m . lee , m . charrier . ( 2003 ) eco - physiological research in helix pomatia : supercooling capacity and potential role of intestinal bacteria as ice - nucleating agents . 3rd international congress of european societies of malacology at la rochelle , france poster presentation a . nicolai , s . fournier , v . briand and m . charrier . ( 2007 ) allocation of energy to reproductive success in cornu aspersum before and after hibernation . international congress of malacology at antwerp , belgium
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scyllarides squammosus is a species of slipper lobster known as the ' blunt slipper lobster .

it is found throughout the indo-west pacific region .

specifically its range is from australia ( queensland , new south wales , west australia ) , japan , hawaii , melanesia , new caledonia to east africa .

scyllarides squammosus has been found at depths from 7.5 m to 71 m.

scyllarides squammosus

worms - world register of marine species - scyllarides squammosus ( h . milne edwards , 1837 )
scyllarides squammosus ( h . milne edwards , 1837 ) – blunt slipper lobster , ula - päpapa
status in world register of marine species accepted name : scyllarides squammosus ( h . milne edwards , 1837 )
justification : scyllarides squammosus is listed as least concern . this species has a broad distribution and is harvested in only small parts of its range . ongoing fisheries in australia have stringent management controls in place .
fischer , w . & g . bianchi ( eds . ) ( 1984 ) . fao species identification sheets for fisheries purposes : western indian ocean . fao , rome . [ details ]
holthuis , l . b . 1991 . fao species catalogue . vol 13 . marine lobsters of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date . fao fisheries synopsis . 125 ( 13 ) : 292 p . [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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batchelor , a . , de silva , r . , dyer , e . , kasthala , g . , lutz , m . l . , mcguinness , s . , milligan , h . t . , soulsby , a . - m . & whitton , f .
this species is distributed throughout the indo - west pacific region from east africa to japan , hawaii , melanesia , new caledonia and australia ( queensland , new south wales , west australia ) ( holthuis 1991 , dewha 2009 ) . it is likely that this species has a wider distribution than is currently known . the type locality of this species is mauritius ( holthuis 1991 ) .
australia ( new south wales , queensland , western australia ) ; fiji ; indonesia ; japan ; kenya ; madagascar ; marshall islands ; mauritius ( mauritius ( main island ) ) ; mozambique ; new caledonia ; oman ; papua new guinea ( bismarck archipelago , north solomons , papua new guinea ( main island group ) ) ; seychelles ; solomon islands ; somalia ; taiwan , province of china ; tanzania , united republic of ; tuvalu ; united arab emirates ; united states ( hawaiian is . ) ; vanuatu ; wallis and futuna
there is insufficient population data available for this species . however , chan ( 1998 ) described it as ' apparently nowhere abundant in the western central pacific ' . comparatively , dinardo and moffitt ( 2007 ) state that it is currently the dominant lobster species in the northwestern hawaiian islands . the northwestern hawaiian islands populations of this species should be treated as one metapopulation ( dinardo and moffitt 2007 ) .
this nocturnal species inhabits reefs and rocky areas ( holthuis 1991 ) . it shelters during the day , and forages at night where it feeds mainly on bivalves ( chan 1998 , lavalli
2007 ) . it has a maximum total length of 40 cm , although usually only reaches 20 cm ( holthuis 1991 , chan 1998 ) . there are conflicting reports of the depth preferences of this species : dinardo and moffit ( 2007 ) suggest between 30 - 120 m , whereas holthuis ( 1991 ) and chan ( 1998 ) suggest a shallower range of 5 - 80 m . this is also reflected in the ' most common ' ranges , with 50 - 70 m and 20 - 50m , respectively .
this gregarious species attains sexual maturity at a carapace length of 6 . 6 - 6 . 7 cm , although variation was found between reefs ( hearn et al . 2007 , lavalli et al . 2007 ) . ovigerous females occur throughout the year with peak abundance between may and july , and their fecundity ranges from 54 , 000 - 227 , 000 eggs per female ( dinardo and moffitt 2007 , sekiguchi et al . 2007 ) . the phyllosoma of this species remain pelagic for 3 - 6 months prior to transforming into benthic juveniles ( dinardo and moffitt 2007 ) .
its large size and well developed fleshy tail make this species , like other species of the genus , a sought - after delicacy ( holthuis 1991 ) . below is a breakdown of use and trade within distinct parts of this species ' range .
in hawaii there has been a commercial lobster fishery in operation in the northwestern hawaiian islands ( nwhi ) for 20 years . the fishery has been primarily targeting this species and the spiny lobster (
) . landings of all species were showing reductions , and in 2000 the nwhi fishery was closed as a precautionary measure due to increasing uncertainty of the population models used to assess stock status . later on that year , the northwestern hawaiian islands coral reef ecosystem reserve was established . this may prohibit commercial lobster fishing in the nwhi indefinitely ( dinardo and moffitt 2007 ) . for catch data from the nwhi fishery whilst it was in operation see dinardo and moffitt ( 2007 ) .
in 1997 , the queensland fisheries service ( qfs ) , authorised a developmental trap fishery in southeast queensland . the fishery was specifically targeting this species and
spp . ) resource existed in the waters to the south of the great barrier reef marine park ( gbrmp ) . prior to that time these species were landed only as a minor by - catch of prawn and scallop trawl fisheries ( these species have now been removed from the
permitted trawl species
able to be retained by trawl fishers ) ( sumpton
development of this trap fishery began in july 1999 , and was monitored for an initial period ending june 2003 . participants in the fishery required a permit that was renewed annually ( subject to satisfactory performance by the permit holders ) . however , by 2004 there were no active harvesting permits and further development of the fishery was awaiting discussions between fisheries managers and stakeholders ( sumpton
spp . have been caught . to some extent this was a result of the fishery ' s limitations to trawl relatively shallow depths < 200 m , which is not the preferred habitat of many of the species capable of entering baited traps ( sumpton
, coutures and chauvet 2003 ) . this is achieved by diving with a water torch over the reefs ( coutures and chauvet 2003 ) . the catch - per - unit - effort ( cpue ) data for these fishermen was found to be 1 . 32 kg / fisherman / night , although this increased to 2 . 16 kg kg / fisherman / night for more efficient fishermen ( coutures and chauvet 2003 ) .
the queensland fisheries service ( qfs ) considers that the fishery does not pose a significant threat to the sustainability of this species . the fishery landed less than 5 tonnes of slipper lobster each year between 1998 and 2001 , and in 2002 / 2003 no slipper lobsters were landed ( sumpton et al . 2004 ) .
the northwestern hawaiian islands ( nwhi ) coral reef ecosystem reserve was established in 2000 which may prohibit commercial lobster fishing in the nwhi indefinitely , therefore this fishery does not pose a continuing threat to this species ( dinardo and moffitt 2007 ) .
a decline in global captures of scyllaridae has been documented , although information on specific species is lacking ( spanier and lavalli 2007 ) .
the management plan of the hawaiian fishery incorporated closed seasons , minimum size limits , no retention of egg bearing females , the incorporation of escape vents in pots , accurate recording of log data , and revised yearly quotas ( pooley and kawamoto 1998 , sumpton et al . 2004 ) .
in the event that the trap fishery in southeast queensland progresses beyond developmental status , a formal process would be undertaken to develop appropriate management strategies . within the area of the fishery , a number of closed waters have been declared under the fisheries regulations 1995 , and no fishing is allowed in the great barrier reef marine park ( gbrmp ) . all commercial fishers in queensland have a legal obligation to provide information about their fishing activity via daily logbook reporting ( sumpton et al . 2004 ) .
it is prohibited to take berried females or setose females ( sumpton et al . 2004 ) .
as the queensland trap fishery is only operated on a very limited developmental scale ( a time frame of only four years ) , the lobster stocks are not likely to have been seriously affected . the current permit conditions provide the queensland fisheries service ( qfs ) with extensive powers to ensure the sustainable management of the fishery . it allows them to suspend or cancel permits if a deleterious effect on stocks of slipper and spiny lobster , or any other fish species ( including bycatch and byproduct ) has been caused , or is imminent , or may reasonably be expected due to activities under the permit ' ( sumpton et al . 2004 ) . for a comprehensive report on the queensland developmental trap fishery , see sumpton et al . ( 2004 ) .
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with three red spots , one rather ill - defined in the middle , and two more distinct laterally ; seldom the three are fused to a single broad spot . outline of posterior margin of the
habite l ' île - de - france
( = mauritius ) . type in
habitat in oceano australiori . mus . dom . banks
. type lost .
indo - west pacific region : from east africa to japan , hawaii , melanesia , new caledonia and australia .
in depths of
a few fathoms
to about 80 m , most common between 20 and 50 m . on reefs and rocky areas . nocturnal .
make this species , like other species of the genus , a sought - after delicacy . it is scarce and lives in inaccessible places and therefore is not commercially fished . the animals are mostly taken by hand usually at night , but also wire traps are used . they are sold fresh on the local markets .
fischer , w . and g . bianchi ( eds ) , 1984 . fao species identification sheets for fishery purposes . western indian ocean ( fishing area 51 ) , vol . 5 : pag . var .
holthuis , l . b . and t . sakai . 1970 . ph . f . von siebold and fauna japonica . a history of early japanese zoology : 18 pp , 1 - 323 , pls 1 - 32 , 7 unnumbered pls , 1 map
milne edwards , h . , 1837 . histoire naturelle des crustacés , comprenant l ' anatomie , la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux , 2 : 1 - 532 , atl . pl . 1 - 42 , 1 - 32 .
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mclaughlin et al . 2005 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : crustaceans . american fisheries society special publication 31
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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holthuis , l . b . 1991 ,
fao species catalogue . vol . 13 . marine lobsters of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date
, fao fisheries synopsis , vol . no . 125 , 13 , pp . i - viii , 1 - 292
miers , e . j . 1882 ,
on some crustaceans collected at mauritius
, proceedings of the zoological society of london , vol . 1882 , pp . 339 - 342 pl . 20 , 538 - 543 pl . 36
milne edwards , h . 1837 , vol . 2 , pp . 532 pp . , atlas 32 pp . , 42 pls , libraire encyclopedique de roret , paris
de haan , w . 1841 ,
crustacea
, ed . von siebold , p . f . ( ed . ) , fauna japonica sive descriptio animalium , quae in itinere per japoniam , jussu et auspiciis superiorum , qui summum in india batava imperium tenent , suscepto , annis 1823–1830 collegit , notis , observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit , pp . 1 - 243 pls a - j , l - q , 1 - 55 , circ . tab . 2 , lugundi - batavorum , leiden
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 3df778c7 - 7be1 - 4299 - 9cbc - 1863a7282399
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 6c1c4fe3 - 6de0 - 452b - 9df8 - 729b5b0b004f
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : d70af230 - ed62 - 49ed - 80ea - 471d9a5747f8
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 2d6b407b - 388d - 4ab1 - 84f8 - 9e52de5199e5
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 417880
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