tusoteuthis is a genus of cretaceous cephalopod molluscs .

one species , t. longa , has been identified so far , and examination of gladius remains has yielded an estimated mantle length close to or equal to that of the modern giant squid .

recent studies suggest a closer relationship to the vampire squid than the modern-day giant squid .

tusoteuthis is assumed to have preyed on other cephalopods , fish , and possibly even small marine reptiles .

despite its size , which was around 20 to 35 feet ( 6 to 11 metres ) long with tentacles fully outstretched , tusoteuthis was still preyed on by other animals , especially the many , various predatory fish of the western interior seaway .

a fossil of the predatory aulopiform , cimolichthys nepaholica , was found with the gladius of t. longa in its gullet .

the back portion of the gladius was in the stomach region , while the mouth of c. nepaholica had remained opened , suggesting that the fish had died in the middle of swallowing the squid , tail first .

researchers strongly suspect that as the fish was swallowing tusoteuthis , the head and/or tentacles remained outside the mouth , thus blocking the gills of the fish , and suffocating it as it swallowed its prey .

tusoteuthis

admincheat spawndino
blueprint ' / game / primalearth / dinos / tusoteuthis / tusoteuthis _ character _ bp . tusoteuthis _ character _ bp '
500 0 0 35
similar to mosasaurus , the tusoteuthis dislikes shallow water and will de - aggro .
unlike other passive tames , taming affinity is not reset when the tusoteuthis takes damage .
ark insight ! - = - which is better ? mosasaurus v . s tusoteuthis !
the tusoteuthis is a massive , aggressive squid found in the depths of the oceans . in battle , the tusoteuthis can grab its prey and knock it unconcious , siphoning its blood to gain health . once tamed , the ink from a tusoteuthis can be used as a constant oil source . some survivors choose to hunt the tusoteuthis for its oil .
using the ( pc ) , ( ps4 ) , ( xbox one ) , the tusoteuthis can pick up another creature with its tentacles . while holding a non - friendly target , the tusoteuthis will constantly inflict torpor until the target is unconscious . note that the tusoteuthis cannot hold an unconscious target .
the tusoteuthis ' s taming method differs from most creatures . please ignore its interval and time calculations .
the tusoteuthis ( too - so - too thiss ) is an aquatic creature in ark : survival evolved .
one of the major benefits of taming tusoteuthis is harvesting its ink . unlike normal ink , tusoteuthis ' ink is very oily , and can even be refined into fuels such as gasoline . between that and tusoteuthis ' distinctive capability to grab & carry large creatures underwater , it makes for an excellent aquatic tame , despite its slower speed .
the tusoteuthis
does not want to be tamed right now
unless it has a creature within its clutches .
tusoteuthis attack can reach far onto the shore and decimate penguin populations in seconds . gathering large amounts of polymer .
tusoteuthis cannot sprint while holding another creature , keep this in mind when using it to transport other friendly tames .
left : a painting of tusoteuthis in a diorama at the sternberg museum of natural history in hays , kansas .
this section displays the tusoteuthis ' s natural colors and regions . for demonstration , the regions below are colored red over an albino tusoteuthis . the colored squares shown underneath each region ' s description are the colors that the tusoteuthis will randomly spawn with to provide an overall range of its natural color scheme . hover your cursor over a color to display its name and id .
with a high armor saddle . stimulants may also be required for taming higher level tusoteuthis , as an unconscious carbonemys is of no interest to the tusoteuthis . the lower the durability of the carbonemys and the higher the dps of the tusoteuthis : the more carbonemys that may be required or sacrificed . other high durability tames also work , but anything that requires oxygen is not recommended .
however , tusoteuthis will now eat regular meat and raw fish meat . it does not require black pearls for food when domesticated .
using the ( pc ) , ( ps4 ) , ( xbox one ) , the tusoteuthis swipes its massive tentacles at the target .
tusoteuthis vampyrus is a very aggressive water predator . approximately 30 feet long , tusoteuthis is a terror of the deep . once it grabs its prey , it slowly crushes it into submission while using the talons on its tentacles to siphon and drink the victim ' s blood !
* rank of the base stat of the tusoteuthis vs . all other creatures . ( rank # 1 in health = highest health creature . )
a monstrous relative of the vampire squid , tusoteuthis bears a closer resemblance to giant squids , but is much more terrifying than its timid kin . tusoteuthis has powerful tentacles with hooked suckers , capable of drawing blood and keeping even a megalodon from escaping a horrible fate . a parrot - like beak hides in the center of the writhing mass , ripping flesh , shell , and bone into easy - to - swallow bits . tusoteuthis also possesses the ability to spray an oily ink if it is in danger . fearing only the mosasaurus , tusoteuthis is a true terror of the deep .
when possible , try to steer the tusoteuthis away from terrain - it is currently possible for its grab to release creatures / players under the ground .
on the center , tusoteuthis can rarely spawn in the pool at the bottom of the waterfall under the land bridge connecting redwoods to the snowy grasslands .
the tusoteuthis on release was originally supposed to be much smaller , but on a last minute change was changed to be the size it is today .
while holding a target , the tusoteuthis will constantly inflict torpor , until the target is unconscious , making it the most efficient knock - out aquatic taming mount . note that the tusoteuthis cannot hold an unconscious target , so the mount will let go of the tame as soon as it ' s tranquilized .
similar to polymer farming , the tusoteuthis ' reach and aoe allows it to harvest cnidaria with impunity , making it a good bulk harvester of bio toxin .
using c ( pc ) , ( ps4 ) , ( xbox one ) , the tusoteuthis releases a large ink cloud to completely obscure vision for a limited time .
tusoteuthis is found only in very deep water , where it swims about at a slow pace . if it spots the player or a tamed creature , it will begin to move itself towards the player or said creature and attack it . because of the unique body plan of cephalopods , a tusoteuthis must turn itself around to strike with its tentacles .
while carrying a creature with its tentacles and using the ( pc ) , ( ps4 ) , ( xbox one ) , the tusoteuthis will crush the target for considerable damage .
right : a field shot of a partial squid pen of tusoteuthis longa that i collected in may , 2010 . a fragment of a inoceramid shell was laying across the gladius .
this section describes how to fight against the tusoteuthis . generally the squid is a very strong enemy , a confrontation should be avoided if you ' re not sure you can win .
tusoteuthis is a terrifying opponent for several reasons . firstly , its grab slowly renders its victim unconscious , so death isn ' t the only concern . secondly , its vampiric blood drain instantly revitalizes it , even during combat . finally , if tusoteuthis is losing the fight , it sprays a cloud of ink into the surrounding water , blinding its attackers to cover a sneaky escape .
you can also use another tusoteuthis to fight it . focus mainly on melee damage , with a little health . swim up to the tusoteuthis and start attacking it . it will try to grab you , but it is not able to . keep attacking it until it tries to flee . because the tusoteuthis has a wide turning radius , you can keep hitting it as it tries to turn . if it is a lower level , you should be able to kill it before it gets away . if it gets away , follow it . tamed tusoteuthis have double the movement speed of wild ones , so you should be able to catch it . as long as the wild squid is near the ground , it will probably run into rocks , where you can kill it .
server admins can use this region information in the console command
cheat settargetdinocolor < colorregion > < colorid >
. for example ,
cheat settargetdinocolor 0 6
would color the tusoteuthis ' s
body highlights
magenta .
in ark : survival evolved , the tusoteuthis eats 50 black pearls , 30 cooked prime meat , 20 raw meat , 30 cooked prime fish meat , 30 cooked meat , 20 raw fish meat , and 30 cooked fish meat .
tusoteuthis was a cretaceous relative of the modern vampire squid - which is likely the inspiration for its blood - sucking tendencies described in the dossier ( although it ' s worth noting that vampire squids don ' t actually drink blood . )
tusoteuthis was native to the western interior seaway , an ocean that split north america in half during the late cretaceous . despite being comparable in size to modern giant squid , it was still far from the top of the local food chain .
fast forward to 2012 . . . . trish and dan came back to kansas to see if we could repeat our earlier success . . . first day , no luck but by noon of the second day , we had another nice specimen of tusoteuthis longa .
right : an artist ' s reconstruction showing the location of the squid pen within the body of the squid , and an artist ' s conception of what the late cretaceous squid , tusoteuthis longa logan may have looked like ( exhibits - sternberg museum of natural history ) .
nicholls , e . l . and isaak , h . 1987 . stratigraphic and taxonomic significance of tusoteuthis longa logan ( coleoidea , teuthida ) from the pembina member , pierre shale ( campanian ) , of manitoba . journal of paleontology 61 ( 4 ) : 727 - 737 , 5 figs .
the evidence of bite marks in some squid pens shows that squid were eaten by many predators including fish and mosasaurs ( stewart and carpenter 1990 ) . click here for a picture of a very large tusoteuthis longa fossil from the pierre shale in the museum of natural history at the university of kansas .
left : a specimen of large ( 1 . 5 m ) cimolichthys nepaholica ( ucm 29556 ) from the redbird shale of wyoming that died trying to swallow a tusoteuthis longa squid . the rachis of the squid is plainly visible inside the ribs of the fish . photo copyright © 2012 by trish weaver . scale = 30 cm .
left : tusoteuthis , a ' giant ' squid that lived in the western interior sea , may have been as long as 25 ft . ( 7 . 5 m ) , although there is little or no proof of their size because so little of their body is preserved . in any case , it probably wasn ' t nearly as large as shown in this dramatic painting in the university of kansas museum of natural history .
while riderless , the tusoteuthis will not wait long to let go of your creature - making a team of two the safest option , as the distraction ' s rider can remain mounted until the creature is fed and then dismount themselves and swim up . if you do attempt to solo tame , flippers are recommended for speedy getaways . make sure your tame is on passive and set to follow , and if it survives the feeding it will swim up to safety the moment the squid lets go .
name : tusoteuthis . phonetic : too - so - te - ew - fiss . named by : logan  -  1898 . classification : mollusca ,  cephalopoda ,  cephalopoda ,  coleoidea ,  vampyromorphida ? species : t .  longa ( type )  . diet : carnivore . size : estimates vary and range from about 6 to 11 meters long ( based upon giant squid and if measured from the mantle to the tips of the tentacles )  . known locations : canada ,  manitoba  -  pierre shale formation . time period : campanian of the cretaceous . fossil representation : several specimens of the gladius ( shell inside of the mantle )  .
further reading -  statigraphic and taxonomic significance of tusoteuthis longa logan ( coleoida ,  teuthida ) from the pembina member ,  pierre shale ( campanian )  ,  of manitoba .  journal of palaeontology ,  61 ( 4 ) 727 - 737  -  e .  l .  nicholls & h .  isaak  -  1987 . -  cretaceous fish predation on a large squid .   -  evolutionary paleobiology of behaviour and coevolution ,  195 - 197 .   -  e .  g .  kaufman  -  1990 . -  examples of vertebrate predation on cephalopods in the late cretaceous of the western interior .   -  evolutionary paleobiology of behaviour and coevolution ,  203 - 207 .   -  j .  d .  stewart & k .  carpenter  -  1990 .
keeping cephalopods in captivity ceph care equipment list before you get an octopus as a pet . . . octopus basics - keeping an octopus as a pet keeping an octopus octopus bimaculoides care sheet ceph care , past and future ink ' s story ( o . bimaculoides ) before you buy a cuttlefish . . . . cuttlefish basics - keeping a cuttlefish as a pet keeping and breeding dwarf cuttlefish sepia bandensis : husbandry and breeding tankmates : it works until it doesn ' t o . chierchiae babies ( lpso ) packing and shipping cephalopods diy skimmer
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by phil eyden - 2003 note : phil welcomes discussion on this article in the cephalopod fossils forum . introduction
, the giant and colossal squid , are enigmatic and awe inspiring animals . very little is known about the lifestyle of these spectacular animals , despite the examination of numerous corpses of
, much of what we know about the animals ' behaviour and lifestyle boils down to educated speculation . what is not so well known is that these modern squid were not the first giant squid in the earths
, giant turtles and plesiosaurs about 80 million years ago during the late cretaceous period . imagine the difficulties of reconstructing these ancient animals when all we have to go on are fragmentary fossilised remains of the pens , or
providing strengthening and support for the mantle , the main body of the squid .
alopods ; soft bodied parts , in those rare cases of exceptional preservation , are not generally diagnostic or much use in determining species interrelationships . unfortunately the
alopods to imagine how much we have lost and will never be able to reconstruct with these ancient animals .
is the most common specimen and this is known from just 25 examples ( 1987 figure ) . prehistoric giant squid remains are known purely from the shallow western interior seaway , which was a vast sea that bisected
the early cretaceous following a period of rapid global warming , sea floor spreading and rise .
this seaway is thought to have been very shallow , generally less than 600 feet deep , with a flat muddy bottom .
each of these species was described on the basis of a single specimen . all these animals are known from remains of the
alone , the stiffening rod running the length of the mantle , the different species were known from variations in the size and form of this cuttlebone until recent revisions grouped all these animals together under one genus .
member of the pierre shale that lies immediately above the chalk at a date of 79 million years old .
was described by h . w . miller in 1957 on the basis of three specimens found in the late thirties in the
1977 by r . g . green on the basis of one very badly crushed specimen .
and lacked a prominent keel . however , it may be misleading to identify these large squid as separate animals ; a 1987 paper by
the differences in morphology noted above could be explained as artifacts of preservation , deformations caused by crushing during the process of fossilization and misinterpretation of dorsal and ventral surfaces . the sole specimen of the
to be so badly broken and crushed that any attempt at reconstruction would be largely hypothetical . this theory has now achieved general acceptance ; all recorded examples of
giant prehistoric squid are also known from other parts of the world . at richmond , in queensland , australia a 100 million year old 1 . 3 metre
in her honour . this is currently on display at the richmond marine fossil museum . students in queensland located a contemporary second gladius in 1998 that measured over a meter in length and possibly shows evidence of predation by
taxonomy is still being compiled . the evolutionary history of the orders of squid and other non -
, or pen , and even that is very rarely preserved due to its delicate nature . much of what is currently understood about evolutionary relationships of these animals has not been agreed upon ; there are two or three differing models of the
tree , each new discovery may call for the models to be reworked . the only really well preserved
, and a handful of other lesser known localities . these represent snapshots of biodiversity ; what happened in between them is tantamount to educated guesswork with rare and isolated specimens providing evolutionary clues . most collections in museums are labelled simply as
fossil
a little of the evolutionary history has been determined , even if it is somewhat speculative . it is currently thought that these ancient giant squid were members of the
, the vampire squid . this is in common with many of the jurassic
group that failed to survive the mass extinction at the end of the cretaceous . these palaeololiginidae are well documented in
and was working from a description ; nichols and isaac revised the family to the kelaenidae in 1987 . ( miller had also assigned
lived in the devonian period , possibly over 380 million years ago . as these giants are not believed to be ancestral to
' immediate ancestors makes it impossible to determine when the recent giants arose . the difference between
of preservation and the animals may , in fact be one and the same . the radically different shape of the
may indicate that these western interior seaway squid had a differing external appearance in the shape of the mantle , perhaps broader at posterior end of the animal .
of the six manitoba specimens measures at just over 1 . 2m in length but the sixth and most recently recovered specimen is larger but incomplete , and would have belonged to an animal which was a third larger again ; it is unknown what the maximum size adult animal would have been . if one assumes a consistent growth rate maintaining the same proportions and ratios , then this sixth
would have been approximately in the order of 1 . 8m if complete , and there is no evidence to suggest that this was fully grown . at the time of writing ( may 2004 ) , another
measuring six foot ( 1 . 8m ) is being prepared for display at the north dakota heritage centre at
can be taken to be 2 . 15m ( one specimen had a mantle length of 2 . 25m and the
was of comparable size , if a little shorter . with so few specimens to work from we cannot be sure what was the maximum size attained by
, but the standard length ( tip of arms to tip of mantle ) may have been of a similar size . we may be looking at an adult
have this feature . arm hooks are likely , but suckers do not fossilise and their presence cannot be determined .
and the ancient giants is that of lifestyle as they lived in very different environments .
as it lived in shallower conditions with more available light . there is some indirect evidence that these
, an important marine predator in the seaway , and not likely to have been a deep diving animal .
probably would have constituted a major dietary component for fish and marine reptiles throughout the western interior seaway . the evidence for this comes from coprolites ( fossilised faeces ) , damaged
a total of five specimens of coprolites have been collected from separate locations ( 1987 figure ) . two of these coprolites were collected from a
, one of which also contains fish teeth and vertebrae . from the coprolites alone it is difficult to determine what animal was eating
but from the small size of these coprolites researchers have concluded that this was probably some form of large predatory fish ( largest is 4 . 78cm x 3 . 82cm ) .
, it is believed that this is probably the stomach contents of a large carnivore of indeterminate origin . this specimen measures 26 . 7cm x 16 . 5cm x 4 . 4cm is currently held at
, the predators are identifiable . a spectacular discovery of a partial specimen of the predatory fish
that had been swallowed whole , and was so large it had probably choked the fish to death .
probably related to the salmon and resembling a barracuda in form with conical and widely spaced teeth suitable for puncturing flesh . it is believed to have been an open water predator adapted for sustained swimming and rapid bursts of speed and was a long - ranging and common species in the western interior seaway . this particular specimen of the fish is incomplete , the preserved section measures 152cm in length but it contains a nearly complete 66cm
stuck in the ribcage in the area of the shoulder of the fish . the
projects towards the mouth where it appears to be broken below the left gill cover . it seems likely that
ripping through the skin of the squid and causing interior gill damage or the size of the body of the squid forcing the gullet to remain open . this amazing specimen is currently held at the university
is composed to splay apart and cause some severe twisting to the structure . the punctures are widely spaced , the distance of 31cm between two of the punctures has been interpreted as an oblique angle of attack by the
and mantle to sink to the sea floor . this specimen was collected from the sharon springs member of the pierre shale , and it is thought that the predator was probably
potentially the largest fossil coleoid to be discovered to date was published in january 2006 by kazaushiga tanabe , yoshinori hikida and yasuhiro iba . it consisted of one half of an enormous set of jaws discovered in late cretaceous campanian ( 83 - 71 mya ) sediments at wakkaweenbetsu creek , nakagawa town , hokkaido , japan . the fossil was composed of a black phosphatic material and was contained inside a calcareous nodule . included with the specimen were numerous bivalves and specimens of the heteromorphic ammonite
. the fossil came from the upper yezo group of mudstones , ' yezo ' being an old name for hokkaido . the fossil is an upper jaw that measures 97mm in length and is 22 . 5mm wide at its maximum point . it has a very sharply pointed rostrum that is angled acutely , and both the inner and outer lamellae are present .
. as a result of this and from a physical comparison of the shape of the rostrum and wings , the authors determined that the specimen is closest to the sub - order oegopsina . the authors then attempted to estimate a total size for the animal , by examining the ratio of the maximum length of the upper jaw ( luj ) to total mantle length ( ml ) in eight extant coleoid species . applying these derived ratios to the fossil jaw and plotting it along with these other specimens , it was concluded that the mantle length was probably akin to
not only in overall size , but in shape , and structure . it differs in that the crest margin is more convex in shape and has more prominent growth lines on the inner lamella .
, that would have been present in late cretaceous northwest pacific along with many small ammonoid and nautiloid shelled cephalopods . the jaw is currently housed at the nakagawa museum of natural history .
was probably a major component of the ecosystem of the western interior seaway and a favoured prey item of assorted marine predators . it probably lived in shallow depths and would have been a fast moving muscular squid as demonstrated by its robust
, it would have thrived in a very different and extremely biologically active environment .
2 ) north dakota heritage centre at bismarck ( expected late 2004 ? ) .
3 ) natural history museum of los angeles county , california as part of the
savage ancient seas
exhibit .
fuchs , d . , keupp , h . , and engeser , t . , new records of soft parts of
kauffman , e . g . , cretaceous fish predation on a large squid .
tanabe , k . , hikida , y . , and iba , y . , two coleoid jaws from the upper cretaceous of hokkaido , japan . journal of paleontology 80 ( 1 ) 138 - 145 , 2006 .
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these values may differ with what you see in - game or written elsewhere . but that is what the dossier says .
this dossier section is intended to be an exact copy of what the survivor helena , the author of the dossiers has written . there may be some discrepancies between this text and the in - game creatures .
1 percentages are based on the value of the stat the moment the creature was tamed ( after taming effectiveness ) 2 the absolute base damage is shown here instead of the percentage . 3 wild creatures do not level up movement speed 4 torpidity increases every level on wild creatures , but can not be increased once they are tamed .
for a comparison of the stats of all creatures , see base creature statistics .
for an explanation of exactly how the levelup calculation works , see creature stats calculation .
type in values of a wild creature to see on which stats it ' s emphasized . green values on a high - level creature are very good for breeding . if you have already tamed your creature you can try to recover the breeding - stats with an external tool . [ 1 ]
note that after the creature is tamed it gets bonuses on some stats depending on the taming effectiveness . this makes it hard to retrieve the levels on a tamed creature , so this tool is only for wild ones , but gives a first impression , how well the stats are distributed .
it will eat up to 50 of an individual food item in a single consumption . taming effectiveness is lost per consumption not per item , and is at a reduced rate compared to other tames in any case .
it can eat at 90 % of its maximum food , regardless of how much food what it ' s being fed will restore ( factoring the above ) .
the taming affinity ( progress ) gained for food types other than black pearls is only 10 % of the value derived by other tames ( e . g . 15 from prime meat instead of 150 ) , and so at least 10 should be fed at a time to have a comparable taming time to other creatures . due to the exceptionally low affinity from individual items , they have been omitted from the table below , which consequently omits raw prime meat and raw prime fish meat entirely .
please ignore the feeding interval and taming time data ( below ) . due to being able to eat when at 90 % of its maximum food , the minimum feeding interval is 177 . 5 seconds [ 2 ] plus 14 seconds per food level . [ 3 ]
remember that a passive tame ' s first feeding interval is always slightly longer than this value .
this cannot be known until after taming , but adding 14 % of the creature ' s level would produce average results .
note that the values are for optimal cases , always bring extra supplies ! for a level - dependent count of resources needed , try an external taming calculator .
note that 50 black pearls will still restore up to 1500 food regardless of the creature ' s current food when fed , and so starve taming will actually take longer as the full 1500 food will need to deplete per required consumption ( compared to allowing 10 % to deplete each time ) .
dismount then approach the creature ' s beak with 50 black pearls within your last inventory slot . be aware of the weight of black pearls .
swim directly up and out of the deep - water zone . you are not able to re - mount while the squid has your creature held .
after taming , its diet remains the same ( black pearls , meat and fish ) .
a low - level tuso is no match for a mid - to - strong tamed plesio or mosa . a high level one will need a very strong mount with a good saddle or a group of powerful sea dinos to be defeated . remember that a ridden tame cannot retaliate when within tuso ' s tentacles . if you ' re going for a pack attack , let the squid grab the dino you ' re riding , as you will be able to watch out for the health and the torpor of your mount and you ' ll have one more source of damage . when it will spray the ink and try to run away get out of the ink cloud , wait for the blinding effect to end and then easily chase your prey .
another method to kill a tuso is luring it into underwater canyon and shoot it from above using crossbow , it will try to attack you but his large hitbox doesn ' t allow it to turn effectively and it will start to turn around randomly , unable to hit you .
ranged weapons can work if used while riding a high - level dino . due to the fast rising of tuso ' s health pool , it ' s advised to use this tactic only on low - level ones .
its high health , good dps , life - draining attacks and grab mechanics make the tuso a deadly enemy . living only in the deepest seas , other animals can join the fight and turn the battle into carnage . try to stay away from the bottom of the sea as the tuso may drop its prey under the ground , thus killing it .
the tuso is vulnerable to packs of dinos due to its aoe , that resembles a long cylinder . this means that it can ' t attack many enemies at once .
using , , , it is usable as an aquatic carrier ( like the megalosaurus and kapro ) for anything up to the size of a rex and mosa , use left click to munch the captured dino or player to death . it cannot grab birds . ( it can grab pelagornis , but it can ' t pull them under the water , not tested with other fliers . )
italics denote creatures that have not yet been released ! see also gallery of dino dossiers .
this page was last edited on 24 june 2018 , at 15 : 36 .
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make sure when encountering this creature , to make sure you ' re tribe member is japanese . he or she would gladly volunteer to be grabbed by the tentacles .
please tell me why it says non - violent . . . because when it grabs u and eats u alive it ' s not very non - violent . . .
they are easier to find while riding a raft , having a monkey on your shoulder , and having a beard . it is recommended to have a big raft that looks like a pirate ship . the ship must have cannons .
just tamed a 150 on an official server . building a trap high off the ocean floor works great just trap it and rotate out 150 tamed turtles hp pumped . took about 2 hours with pearls for the tame . took 50 pearls every 5 - 10 min . happy taming !
basilosaurus ( whale dino ) is immune to the squids grabs . its also immune to jellyfish stings . : )
ok so for those of you actually looking for tips . 1 : it can eat 50 at a time so take 50 with you each time . 2 : it hold mounts only for a little bit so if you can , just hop back on the turtle quickly and swim away till the next feeding 3 : once you tame it beware manta s and anglers as the tuso cannot hit them while they glitch into the head of the squid . it ' s not that hard if you prepare to lose everything and keep trying . it ' s worth it once you do but you will need escorts to help with mantis and anglers such as megaladons .
dododex is an ark taming calculator app for ark : survival evolved ( pc , xbox , ps4 ) . a project by dan leveille .
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giant squid found ! ( 50 - foot - long , washed - up on beach , punakaiki , new zealand , march 1st 2015 . )
squid ( teuthids ) : squid are soft bodied invertebrates ( cephalopods ) that probably occurred in great abundance in the warm oceans during the mesozoic . occasionally , the internal structure ( gladius or pen ) of the squid is preserved . the fossil remains of squid are characterized by long , straight fibers or strands that often appear to be iridescent . squid remains are sometimes mistaken for an unusual fish bone . click here for more information
williston ( 1897 , p . 242 ) was puzzled by fragments found occasionally in the chalk that were of a
glistening fibrous nature .
a specimen collected by h . t . martin ( below ) solved the mystery when it became apparent that the fragments represented a
large cuttlefish , apparently different from any described species . the specimen was about 6 inches wide and a foot long , and preserved a small
sepia bag
( ink sac ) below it .
logan 1898 ( ku 4208 / 113463 ; plate cx , figure 2 ) . note that the species name was corrected for gender to
from the hesperornis beds of the niobrara cretaceous on the smoky hill river by mr . martin .
logan , w . n . 1898 . the invertebrates of the benton , niobrara and fort pierre groups . the university geological survey of kansas , part viii , 4 : 432 - 518 , pl . lxxxvi - cxx .
miller , h . w . , jr . 1968 . invertebrate fauna and environment of deposition of the niobrara ( cretaceous ) of kansas . fort hays studies , science series no . 8 , i - vi , 90 pp .
( fhsm ip - 710 ) in the exhibit at the sternberg museum of natural history . this specimen was collected by marion bonner in logan county . squid pens ( rachis ) are made up of chitin , not bone or cartilage . it is also considered to be the type specimen of
right : the gladius of the type specimen of
enchoteuthis melanae
( fhsm ip - 13049 ) discovered by and named for melanie bonner . this specimen appears to preserve much of the original chitin .
squid pen collected by scott garrett from trego county in 2009 . note that the missing pieces looks suspiciously like the bite marks left by a small shark .
left : four views of a squid pen ( rachis ) that was bitten through by an unknown predator .
early in 2011 , i was contacted by trish weaver , the collections manager of the north carolina museum of natural sciences . she was doing research on fossil squid trying to determine what fossil squid pens were composed of ( chitin , chitinous or what ? ) and was looking for a sample to test . she also wanted to spend some time in the smoky hill chalk , so we made arrangements to spend a day in the chalk and search for a specimen that she could use in her research . neither of us really expected to find a specimen
on demand
but i thought there was a good chance of finding at least a fragment at the site where i had collected a specimen in may , 2011 ( above ) . with that realistic goal in mind , we drove out to the locality early in the morning on july 8 . the weather was actually unseasonably cool and cloudy for kansas in july . . . . a great day to be in the field .
our group included dan lawver , a montana state graduate student , who was also from north carolina . neither of them had ever worked in the smoky hill chalk , so i expected we would spend quite a lot of time just getting used to the chalk and all the inoceramid shell fragments at this locality . about half an hour into our search , dan called me over and said he had found something . as i got closer , he said it was probably a root , but i was still hopeful . as it turned out , he ' d nailed some squid remains almost as soon as he started looking . . .
left : this is the view from where i parked the van on the edge of the exposure . . . . we were in southeastern gove county , about a half mile south of the smoky hill river . the place where the squid remains were found is shown at the upper right of the photograph . the canyon is about half a mile wide at this point and is mostly between hattin ' s marker units 2 and 3 stratigraphically ( late coniacian in age ) .
right : here is what dan saw coming out of the side of a gully . . . not much to look at but definitely part of the rachis of a squid . i noted that it appeared to be expanded where it had been broken ( bitten ? ) off and assumed that the expanded portion ( gladius ) was already gone . i ' d soon find out otherwise .
left : i loaned dan my big estwing gp100 pick and let him take the matrix off the the fossil . the chalk was fractured and this part of the job didn ' t take long . . . .
right : once we had most of the overburden off , i got down for a closer look ( actually blowing chalk off the specimen in this photo ) . . . . then i got up on top the exposure and started removing the remaining layers of chalk over the fossil .
left : the first layer came off easily and cleanly . . . i was well off to the side when i started to remove the next layer . . . . and then
oops !
. . . . a big chunk came off with parts of the specimen in it . . . that was when i realized that the fossil was sitting in fractured chalk on a layer of bentonite / volcanic ash . . . bad mistake , but on the good side , it revealed that the gladius was still there , apparently folded over in some way , and it showed us where to dig and not to dig . after kicking myself for a while , i went back to work . . . .
right : here ' s the chunk that came up . . . . the area inside the white oval shows where the remains broke off the main specimen . . . . clean breaks . . . no major damage . i applied some preservative to hold everything in place . . . the other material under the ruler is the pile of bentonite / volcanic ash that created the problem .
left : once we knew where the fossil was in the chalk , we began to cut the size of the block down to reduce the weight . that was when we noticed that the block was fractured and that the squid pen was supported by two different layers of chalk . . . both of which were loose .
right : we decided that the jacket would have to include both layers in order to keep from fracturing the rachis . . . in this photo the exposed portion of the specimen is under the pink cloth . . . note the shattered condition of the chalk at the top of the picture . the blocks holding the specimen were only slightly more solid .
left : once the block was cut down to a minimal size ( using a hand saw ) , it was necessary to clean everything up to prepare it for jacketing .
left : well , maybe one more picture to include dan , the proud discoverer of this specimen . . .
right : after packing the specimen with dampened paper towels for cushioning , trish and dan applied several layers of tin foil to help hold things together . . . .
left : then we proceeded to
get plastered
in the hot afternoon kansas sun . in this case , we used plaster bandages to build up the jacket around the specimen . once the plaster had dried , we slipped a piece of plywood under the jacket . i did not want to turn the jacket over in the field because the chalk around it was unpredictable and the squid pen was really fragile . . .
right : here dan ( right ) and i carry the jacket up the hill to the van .
the specimen will not be prepared for a while , but i will post new photos when they become available . i expect that this specimen would rate with some of the better specimens collected from the chalk in the last 120 years . . . there just aren ' t that many of them around .
right : not much to see while still contained in the matrix . . . just a bit of the gladius .
left : fortunately , we were able to park on the prairie just about the dig site . minimal distance to carry the block of chalk up the hill .
right : the chalk block containing the squid remains , just prior to removal . although we jacketed our specimen in 2011 , the chalk was solid around this one , and did not require the extra effort .
the project has proceeded to the point of submitting an abstract for the 2012 meeting of the geological society of america .
everhart , m . j . 2005 . oceans of kansas - a natural history of the western interior sea . indiana university press , 322 pp .
green , r . g . 1977 . niobrarateuthis walkeri , a new species of teuthid from the upper cretaceous niobrara formation of kansas . journal of paleontology 51 ( 5 ) : 992 - 995 .
hoganson , w . 2006 . dinosaurs , sharks , and woolly mammoths : glimpses of life in north dakota ' s prehistoric past . journal of the northern plains 73 ( 1 - 2 ) : 60 pp .
larson , n . l . 2010 . fossil coleoids from the late cretaceous ( campanian and maastrichtian ) of the western interior . ferrantia 59 : 78 - 113 .
miller , h . w . , jr . 1957 . niobrarateuthis bonneri , a new genus and species of squid from the niobrara formation of kansas . journal paleontology 31 ( 5 ) : 809 - 811 .
miller , h . w . , jr . 1968 . invertebrate fauna and environment of deposition of the niobrara ( cretaceous ) of kansas . fort hays studies , n . s . , science series no . 8 , i - vi , 90 pp .
stewart , j . d . 1976 . teuthids of the north american late cretaceous . kansas academy of science , transactions 79 ( 3 - 4 ) : 74 ( abstract ) .
williston , s . w . 1897 . niobrara cretaceous . the university geological survey of kansas 2 : 237 - 246 .
stewart , j . d . and carpenter , k . 1990 . examples of vertebrate predation on cephalopods in the late cretaceous of the western interior . pp . 203 - 208 in boucout , a . j . ( ed . ) , evolutionary paleobiology of behavior and coevolution . elsevier , new york .
williston , s . w . 1897 . the kansas niobrara cretaceous , the university geological survey of kansas , 2 : 237 - 246 .


macrodactylus subspinosus is a north american beetle of the family scarabaeidae .

it is one of at least two beetles in this family known as the " rose chafer " , the other being the european cetonia aurata .

m. subspinosus occurs from eastern canada to colorado and is considered a pest of many crops and flowers .

it is given its common name of rose chafer because it eats the leaves of roses , although it also feeds on many other plants .

macrodactylus subspinosus

development of an attractant for the scarab pest macrodactylus subspinosus ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) .
the rose chafer ( macrodactylus subspinosus ) is a common pest in vineyards in the northeastern united states .
development of an attractant for the scarab pest macrodactylus subspinosus ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi
the rose chafer ( macrodactylus subspinosus ) is commonly found in many areas of minnesota , particularly areas with sandy soil .
rose chafer ( macrodactylus subspinosus fabricius ) adults emerge at bloom and immediately attack grape blossoms and skeletonize leaves , eating all the tissue around large veins . they can cause extensive damage to foliage and completely destroy blossom buds and / or developing berries , resulting in reduced grape yields . damage can be severe in vineyards with sandy soils , the preferred habitat for these beetles .
in identifying the rose chafer ( macrodactylus subspinosus syn . cetonia aurata ) , one will note that it is a tan , long - legged , slender beetle from 5 / 16 to 15 / 32 inches long ( 8 - 12 mm ) . as you can see , this beetle is smaller than the japanese beetle and does differ in appearance . they are , however , alike in the appetite and the damage they do .
in the past few years , populations of the rose chafer beetle , macrodactylus subspinosus , have been abundant in some regions of southwest michigan . these beetles can be found in grape growing regions across michigan and beyond ; however , outbreaks in the lawton , mich . , region in recent years have been causing some high levels of damage to clusters during the bloom period . with this recent history , it is a good time to review the biology and lifecycle of this pest and review the available options for control .
we analyzed the flight of the rose chafer macrodactylus subspinosus ( f . ) ( melolonthinae : scarabaeidae ) and the japanese beetle popillia japonica newman ( rutelinae : scarabaeidae ) in a wind tunnel with controlled humidity , temperature , light , and airflow . the data indicate that an optimum combination of light and temperature dramatically improves their response to lures . both species took off upwind , oriented to , and contacted the odor source well ( 40–60 % ) when light intensity was > 50 % of a clear day , temperature was 26–27°c , and relative humidity was 65–75 % .
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nc state extension is the largest outreach program at nc state university . based in the college of agriculture and life sciences , we reach millions of north carolina citizens each year through local centers in the state ' s 100 counties and with the eastern band of cherokee indians .
we have several topic based e - mail newsletters that are sent out periodically when we have new information to share . want to see which lists are available ?
integrated pest management ( ipm ) is a sustainable approach to managing pests that combines multiple approaches including prevention , avoidance , pest monitoring and suppression in a manner that minimizes public health , economic , and environmental risk . ipm serves as a framework to provide an effective , comprehensive , low - risk approach to protect people and resources from pests .
ultimately , the goal with an ipm program is to help stakeholders deal with pests—insects , plant diseases , weeds , and more—with methods that reduce risks to public health and the environmental while saving money .
the north carolina extension ipm program serves as a focal point for team building , communication and stakeholder participation in integrated pest management ( ipm ) within the state . program goals include promoting effective and economical management of pests , reducing risks to human health from pests and pest management practices , and minimizing environmental effects through the adoption of ipm on a variety of crops and settings in north carolina . these goals are achieved by the timely delivery of ipm technology and research information to stakeholders in all regions of the state .
leadership of the extension ipm program in north carolina is provided by an ipm coordinator ( designated by the director of the north carolina cooperative extension service ) , an established advisory board , and working groups . dr . danesha seth carley , the current ipm coordinator , accepted the nc ipm coordinator position in 2013 .
the extension ipm coordinator involves faculty and staff from north carolina state university and north carolina a & t state university in ipm activities across the state , communicates program successes , and maintains stakeholder input via the advisory board and the ipm portal , as well as multiple training sessions and meetings .
the advisory board provides advice to the extension ipm coordinator regarding the direction of the ipm program in the state . it is composed of a wide variety of ipm stakeholders , including north carolina state university and north carolina a & t state university faculty , non - governmental agencies , environmentalists , north carolina department of agriculture & consumer services personnel , farmers and agricultural consultants .
the north carolina extension ipm program focuses on delivering ipm content to our stakeholders and community members through a variety of activities . the primary activities include information delivery , pest monitoring and data managment , evaluation and needs assessment tools development , and programs to magnify statewide ipm impacts .
the extension ipm program is a cooperative effort of the usda nifa , north carolina cooperative extension service , north carolina state university , and north carolina a & t state university . it also works in partnership with the southern ipm center , located at north carolina state university in raleigh , and acts to promote ipm in north carolina and the southern united states .
funding for the north carolina extension ipm program is provided by competitive grants from the u . s . department of agriculture’s national institute of food and agriculture ( nifa ) .
nc state university and n . c . a & t state university work in tandem , along with federal , state and local governments , to form a strategic partnership called n . c . cooperative extension , which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the eastern band of cherokee indians .
nc state university and n . c . a & t state university are collectively committed to positive action to secure equal opportunity and prohibit discrimination and harassment regardless of race , color , national origin , religion , political beliefs , family and marital status , sex , age , veteran status , sexual identity , sexual orientation , genetic information , or disability .
adult rose chafers feed primarily on flower blossoms , especially roses and peonies , causing large , irregular holes .
rose chafers also feed on the foliage of many trees , shrubs and other plants , such as rose , grape , apple , cherry and birch .
they damage leaves by eating the leaf tissue between the large veins , a type of injury known as skeletonizing .
it has short antennae that have a series of flat plate - or page - like segments .
adult beetles are seen coming out of the ground in late may and early june .
they feed on plants for three or four weeks , generally until late june .
two to three weeks later , the eggs hatch into small , white grub‑like larvae which feed on the roots of grasses and weeds .
plants located on sandy sites are have more chances of being attacked as rose chafers prefer sandy soil to lay eggs .
adult beetles damage leaves and the larvae feed on the roots of grasses and non - crop plants .
rose chafers contain a toxin and can be deadly to birds ( including chickens and small animals ) when they eat these beetles .
protecting plants from rose chafers can be challenging , especially when large numbers are present .
check for rose chafers in your garden starting in late may , especially if you have a history of rose chafer infestations .
when small numbers are present , pick rose chafers from plants and drop into pails of soapy water to kill them .
you can also use a physical barrier , like a cheesecloth or floating row cover .
place the barriers around the plants just as rose chafers become active and take them down after the rose chafers are done feeding ( after june ) .
if large numbers of rose chafers are present , you can treat plants with a garden pesticide . you may need to treat plants more than once when rose chafers are numerous .
you can find the common name for a pesticide by looking under active ingredients . look closely as this is usually in small print .
examples of common names of active ingredients include : bifenthrin , esfenvalerate , cyfluthrin , imidacloprid , permethrin and carbaryl .
caution : mention of a pesticide or use of a pesticide label is for educational purposes only . always follow the pesticide label directions attached to the pesticide container you are using . remember , the label is the law .
be sure that the fruit / vegetable you wish to treat is listed on the label of the pesticide you intend to use . also be sure to observe the number of days between pesticide application and when you can harvest your crop .
these diagnostic tools will guide you step - by - step through diagnosing a plant problem or identifying a weed or insect .
university of minnesota extension discovers science - based solutions , delivers practical education , and engages minnesotans to build a better future .
regents of the university of minnesota . all rights reserved . the university of minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer .
( fabricius ) and is found from eastern canada south to colorado . the second species is the western rose chafer ,
horn and it occurs in arizona , new mexico , texas and south into central mexico . both species are very similar in size , body shape , and habits . control measures for one species should also apply to the other .
( fabricius ) , is a tan , long - legged slender beetle from 8 - 12 mm long . the rose chafers damage plants by feeding on the flowers , newly set fruit and foliage . on roses it skeletonizes the leaves in the same way as other scarab beetles like the japanese beetle , chinese rose beetle , and the serica garden beetle . it feeds on on the foliage of many different plants and it is greatly attracted by flowers . on june 27 , 1997 i observed numerous beetles on milkweed flowers in an area near galesville , wi . i also swept this beetle from the blooms and foliage of several plants in the area . the rose chafer is native to the northeast from eastern canada south to colorado . i have seen samples from fenton , mi and galesville , wi .
adult beetles emerge from the soil in late may through early june and and they live for about one month . mating occurs soon after emergence and the females lays her 24 - 36 eggs continuoulsy for about two weeks in the soil in grassy sandy areas . upon hatching the larvae burrow in the soil and feed on the roots of grasses and weeds . the overwinter as a larvae and continues development in the spring . the full grown larva or grub is white and measures up to 18 mm in length . pupation occurs in the spring . the rose chafer has only one generation per year .
scouting or monitoring for the presence of rose chafers is very important for adequate control . rose chafers are most prevalent in areas with sandy soil . adults readily attracted to many types of flowers and feed on the foliage many plants . the larvae or white grubs feed on the roots of grasses and many cultivated and wild plants . from late may through july , the foliage should be inspected for skeletonized leaves and the presence of adult beetles on the leaves and flowers .
rose chafers can be handpicked and destroyed if the infestations are light . rose chafers can be very numerous especially in areas with sandy soils . in these cases insecticides may not give satisfactory control as rose chafers can move in from surrounding untreated areas or the insecticides do not seem to prevent feeding activity for very long . however , after about 2 - 3 weeks of heavy damage the beetle numbers appear to subside . insecticides used in the control of rose chafers include carbaryl ( sevin ) , acephate ( orthene ) , diazinon , and chlorpyrifos ( dursban ) , tempo , talstar , mavrik , rotenone , etc .
it was interesting to read that birds sometimes die from eating adult rose chafers . the beetles apparently have a chemical that affects the heart of small , warm - blooded animals .
horn occurs primarily in arizona and new mexico south into mexico . it resembles the rose chafer and its damage is similar . it is 10mm long and the body is rather slender , long - legged , and yellowish brown in color . its pubescence is longer and denser than that of the rose chafer . i have collected numerous beetles in southern arizona and central mexico feeding on many kinds of plants .
essig , e . o . 1926 . insects of western north america . the macmillan company , ny , p . 445 .
johnson , warren t . and howard h . lyon . 1988 . insects that feed on trees and shrubs , 2nd edition , cornell university press , ithaca , ny . , pp . 236 - 37 .
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these systems aim to suppress pest populations below a predetermined economic injury level ( eil ) .
ipm extends the concept of integrated control to all classes of pests including plant pathogens , insects , and weeds .
it also allows for safer pest control and is expanded to include all control tactics such as pesticides , host - plant resistance , and cultural manipulations .
the ohio grape ipm program will provide information and resources for managing diseases , insects , and weeds . it is a comprehensive program designed to encourage collaboration among ohio agricultural research and development center ( oardc ) scientists with different specializations to better address the pest management needs of the grape industry .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
very similar to and hard to distinguish from m . angustatus , with which it used to be considered synonymous
suspect ( art evans , pers . comm . to = v = 5 . iv . 2011 )
adults emerge in early summer and feed on flowers , some leaves . they live for up to 6 weeks . mating occurs on food sources . eggs are laid deep ( 13 - 15 cm ! ) in soil and hatch in one to three weeks . larvae feed on roots and overwinter deep in soil . pupation in early spring in the soil , just under the surface .
the beetles of northeastern north america , vol . 1 and 2 . downie , n . m . , and r . h . arnett . 1996 . the sandhill crane press , gainesville , fl .
scarab beetles ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) of south carolina phillip j . harpootlian . 2001 . clemson university public service .
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
n common north american beetle : larvae feed on roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e . g . rose bushes or apple trees or grape vines
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- common north american beetle : larvae feed on roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e . g . rose bushes or apple trees or grape vines
all content on this website , including dictionary , thesaurus , literature , geography , and other reference data is for informational purposes only . this information should not be considered complete , up to date , and is not intended to be used in place of a visit , consultation , or advice of a legal , medical , or any other professional .
detailing the physical features , habits , territorial reach and other identifying qualities of the rose chafer .
rose chafers love to congregate on their namesake and chip away at a rose bush ' s health , eating its blooms and leaves . .
antennae : beetles have a pair of antennae on the head used as sensors .
head : the head is home to the insect ' s eyes , antennae , and mandibles ( jaws ) .
thorax : holds the three pairs of legs as well as vital internal organs .
elytron : one of two wing cases on a beetle that protects its wings ( plural : elytra ) .
legs : beetles have three pairs of legs located at the thorax , numbering six legs in all .
an insect ' s reach is not limited by lines drawn on a map and therefore species may appear in areas , regions and / or states beyond those listed below as they are driven by environmental factors ( such as climate change ) , available food supplies and mating patterns . grayed - out selections below indicate that the subject in question has not been reported in that particular territory . u . s . states and canadian provinces / territories are clickable to their respective bug listings .
the map below showcases ( in red ) the states and territories of north america where the rose chafer may be found ( but is not limited to ) . this sort of data can be useful in seeing concentrations of a particular species over the continent as well as revealing possible migratory patterns over a species ' given lifespan . some species are naturally confined by environment , weather , mating habits , food resources and the like while others see widespread expansion across most , or all , of north america .
it is important to identify the type of grub in your lawn before treating . it is usually necessary to consult an expect for grub identification . adults are pictured to help with beetle identification . keep in mind , however , that adults do not always stay in the same area as the larvae .
early indications of grub infestation are irregular patches of dry grass , flocking birds , or areas of turf being torn up by raccoons , possums and skunks looking for a tasty treat .
if grubs have been eating the root system , patches of turf will come up easily from the soil surface , like pulling up a corner of carpeting , and the soil will be full of grubs .
it is important to identify the type of grub in your lawn . above , left to right : japanese beetle , european chafer and june beetle larvae .
japanese beetle larvae are typical white grubs that are c - shaped when disturbed . first instar larvae are about 1 / 16 inch long while the mature third instars are about 1 - 1 / 4 inch long .
adult japanese beetles are 7 / 16 - inch long metallic green beetles with copper - brown wing covers . a row of white tufts ( spots ) of hair project from under the wing covers on each side of the body .
effective biocontrol of japanese beetles includes winsome fly istocheta ( = hyperecteina ) aldrichi . adult beetles with eggs on the pronotum , like the one pictured , should not be destroyed .
european chafer larvae are typical c - shaped white grubs , reaching a maximum size of 1 / 4 inch wide and 1 inch long .
european chafer adults are 1 / 2 inch long . males and females are a uniform tan or light brown color .
grubs are whitish with brown heads and range from 1 / 2 to 1 inch in length . these are the largest grubs found in turf .
all species of phyllophaga are called may or june beetles . adults are about 1 inch long and a chestnut brown color and fly to lights in the early summer .
oriental beetle grubs cause considerable damage to turf grasses and nursery plants . they eat and destroy the roots of the grass and are found in nursery stock , strawberry beds and some outside potted plants .
oriental beetle adults are about 7 / 16 inch . they vary in color from light brown to black , often with darker mottling on the wing covers .
rose chafer larvae have a brown head and conspicuous legs . fully grown , a rose chafer larva is about 3 / 4 - inch long . the larvae feed on the roots of grasses and non - crop plants . they do not cause damage to home lawns or landscape plants .
rose chafers are scarab beetles approximately 3 / 8 inch long , slender , and light tan in color . they contain a toxin that can be deadly to birds , including chickens , and small animals .
rose chafers are generally found in areas with sandy soil . adults feed on rose flowers and foliage , skeletonizing leaves .
asiatic garden beetle larvae has a brown head capsule and six legs . it has three instars .
asiatic garden beetles are less than one - half inch long . they are cinnamon in color and have an iridescent sheen in the sunlight . they are attracted to porch lights on summer nights and feed at night , chewing irregular holes in many different plants . during the day , they rest in the soil .
( japanese beetle larvae ) jim baker , north carolina state university , bugwood . org ;
clemson university - usda cooperative extension slide series , bugwood . org ; ( rose chafer adults on leaf ) university of wisconsin entomology ; ( asiatic garden beetle larvae ) msu ipm resources ; ( asiatic garden beetle adult )
it is the policy of the state of maine to minimize reliance on pesticides . the maine department of agriculture and the maine ipm council encourage everyone to practice integrated pest management and to use pesticides only as a last resort . the mention of pesticides in the fact sheets linked to these pages does not imply an endorsement of any product . be sure that any product used is currently registered and follow all label directions .
adult rose chafers feed primarily on flower blossoms , especially roses and peonies , causing large , irregular holes . they damage fruits , particularly grape , raspberry , and strawberry . they also feed on the foliage of many trees , shrubs and other plants , such as rose , grape , apple , cherry , and birch , typically damaging leaves by eating the leaf tissue between the large veins , a type of injury known as skeletonizing .
they contain a toxin that can be deadly to birds , including chickens , and small animals . the larvae feed on the roots of grasses and non - crop plants ; they do not cause damage to home lawns or landscape plants .
rose chafer larvae have a brown head and conspicuous legs . fully grown , a rose chafer larvae is about 3 / 4 - inch long .
rose chafers are scarab beetles approximately 3 / 8 inch long , slender , and light tan in color .
clemson university - usda cooperative extension slide series , bugwood . org ; ( rose chafer adults on leaf ) university of wisconsin entomology
h . e . hummel and t . a . miller ( eds . ) . techniques in pheromone research . springer - verlag , new york .
, jr . 1984 . wind tunnels in pheromone research , pp . 75 - 110 ,
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( l . ) ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) to female volatiles in a flight tunnel .
1994 . sex pheromone responses of the oriental beetle ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) .
1990 . effect of light exposure and carbohydrate content of snap bean leaves on chinese rose beetle ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) feeding .
( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) : response to synthetic sex attractant plus phenethy proprionate : eugenol .
1994 . the influence of climatic factors on the flight activity of the japanese beetle ( coleoptera : scarabaeidae ) : implications for use of a microbial control agent .
: a superior attractant , phenylethyl propionate + eugenol + geraniol , 3 : 7 : 3 .
1978 . sustained - flight tunnel for measuring insect responses to wind - borne sex pheromones .
1995 . bioassay approaches to assessing behavioral responses of plum curculio adults ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) to host fruit odor .
( coleoptera : chrysomelidae ) to corn silks and analysis of the host - finding response .
1977 . identification of the female japanese beetle sex pheromone : inhibition of male response by an enantiomer .
1999 . turfgrass insects of the united states and canada . comstock pub . associates , ithaca , new york .
1990 . tansley review no . 27 . the control of carbon partitioning in plants .
1989 . systat : the system for statistics . systat , evanston , illinois .
( f . ) , containing alpha - ionone . united states department of agriculture , patent 5 , 202 , 124 ; april 13 .
heath , j . j . , williams , r . n . & phelan , p . l . j chem ecol ( 2001 ) 27 : 419 . urltoken
michigan state university extension helps people improve their lives by bringing the vast knowledge resources of msu directly to individuals , communities and businesses .
rose chafers can quickly damage vines . to better manage this pest , know the biology and lifecycle , and available options for control .
the rose chafer is a light - tan beetle with a darker - brown head and long , spiny legs . it is about 0 . 5 inches long . the adult beetles have only one generation per season with emergence from the soil starting in late may and june , and with the beetles living for up to a month . while grapes are a preferred host , there are also many other plants it will feed on including roses , strawberries , peaches , cherries , apples , raspberries , blackberries , clovers , hollyhocks , corn , beans , beet , peppers , cabbage , peonies and many more plants , trees and shrubs .
this vineyard pest is distributed throughout the eastern united states with greatest abundance in areas with sandy soils and grass . this is because the female beetle , once mated , selects grassy and sandy areas for laying her eggs . those eggs hatch into larvae that feed on grass roots through the summer , moving down away from the frost line during the winter . in spring they feed again , pupate , and then emerge in late may and june . emergence of adult beetles typically coincides with bloom of grapevines . the beetle’s ability to skeletonize leaves until only the midribs are left , and consume the young tender clusters , makes it an economically - significant pest of grape production
as mentioned above , rose chafer beetles are attracted to sandy and grassy areas during their egglaying period . it may not be feasible , but if areas that are obvious sources of the beetle can be changed into a non - grass cover crop or can be fallow for the period of late may until early june , this might force the beetles to seek egglaying sites elsewhere . small numbers of beetles can also be hand - removed and placed into soapy water if you have a small enough vineyard that this manual control is possible .
for chemical control , there are a number of options to consider . assail , sevin and danitol are all ranked as providing excellent control of this pest . these have some different properties with the neonicotinoid insecticide assail providing protection due to it knocking down the beetles and also because it is a systemic insecticide that is taken into the vine making it resistant to wash - off and providing good residual activity .
in a 2003 msu research trial in leelanau county , we found that assail provided longer control than sevin . the carbamate insecticide sevin and the pyrethroid insecticide danitol both have contact activity against rose chafers , providing knockdown of the beetles on contact and with sevin also having some activity as a stomach poison after being eaten by the beetles .
additional broad spectrum insecticides such as the pyrethroids baythroid and mustang max are expected to also have good activity , as is the organophosphate imidan . under the high spring temperatures we have been having recently , the residual control of pyrethroids is expected to be shorter than under cool conditions . however , we also expect there to be a shorter period of rose chafer activity during hot conditions , allowing for a shorter period needed for vine protection against this pest .
the timing of rose chafer activity also can overlap with early season grape berry moth activity and early potato leafhopper infestation . the insecticides mentioned above will also provide some control of these other insect pests at the same time .
this article was published by michigan state university extension . for more information , visit urltoken . to have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox , visit urltoken / newsletters . to contact an expert in your area , visit urltoken , or call 888 - msue4mi ( 888 - 678 - 3464 ) .
june 7 , 2018 | john wise | precipitation can impact the performance of insecticides on fruit crops , but some compounds resist wash - off .
may 8 , 2018 | heidi lindberg | the new respirator requirements for the updated worker protection standard requires growers complete a respirator fit test annually .
may 8 , 2018 | heidi lindberg | as of january 2018 , three requirements were added to the worker protection standard .
may 1 , 2018 | rufus isaacs | with fruit crop bloom season kicking in , it’s a good time to review these recommendations .
april 30 , 2018 | john wise | there are many options available for mite control in fruit crops in this 2018 update .
physical removal and destruction of this insect pest can manage the population when only a few beetles are present ; however , when greater than two beetles per vine are seen during vineyard monitoring , a chemical spray is recommended . intensive baited trapping of the beetles over multiple years has shown to reduce populations to below threshold levels . an insecticide application in addition to trapping may be needed when populations are high . chemical applications should continue through the first or second post - bloom spray when pressure is severe . refer to a grape pest management guide ( see recommended links ) for insecticide specifics and efficacies . cultivation between rows to destroy the larvae may reduce the population but will not provide sufficient control of the pest . rose chafers contain a toxin that can be deadly to birds ( including chickens ) and small animals if the beetle is ingested .
the rose chafer is a light tan beetle with a dark brown head , about 12 mm ( ½ inch ) long and has one generation a year . larvae ( c - shaped grubs ) overwinter underground in the soil . they move closer to the surface and begin to feed on grass roots until they pupate in the spring . adults emerge during late may or june in most areas , around grape bloom , and congregate on plants to mate and feed . the females lay eggs just below the ground surface . they prefer grassy areas of sandy , well - drained soil . the adults live for three to four weeks after emergence . the eggs hatch into small , white grub - like larvae , which feed on roots of grass , weeds , grains , and other plants throughout the summer . they move down in the soil as the temperatures decline , where they will overwinter until the next growing season .
eviticulture and the grape community of practice are funded by the nifa - usda specialty crops research initiative ( scri ) and extension .
this work is supported by the usda national institute of food and agriculture , new technologies for ag extension project .
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rose chafers are commonly found in many areas , particularly those with sandy soil . they are pests on many different types of flowers , fruits , trees and shrubs but they are especially damaging to young , developing rosebuds , grapes and cherries .
an adult rose chafer is a moderate - sized beetle , 1 / 3 to 3 / 4 - inch ( 8 to 19 mm ) long , with wing covers having small yellowish hairs . it ' s slender and can be pale green to tan in color with reddish - brown or orangish spiny legs , and the body is black on the underside . larvae are small white grubs with a brown head that are found in the soil .
rose chafer larvae overwinter in the soil and pupate in the spring . adults emerge in late may to early june . because the rose chafer prefers sandy soil to lay eggs , plants located on sandy sites are most likely to be attacked . adult beetles feed on plants for three or four weeks , generally until late june . females lay eggs in groups of 6 to 25 in the soil among the weeds and grasses until early july , and then die shortly afterwards . eggs hatch in about two weeks , and larvae feed on the roots until fall , then burrow deeper into the soil to spend the winter in the soil below the frost line . they pupate the following spring and then emerge as adults . there is one generation a year .
rose chafer feed on the foliage of many trees , shrubs , also blackberry , grape , raspberry , strawberry , and tree fruit such as apple , and cherry . also garden vegetables , and ornamentals : birch , dahlia , hollyhock , iris , peony , poppy and rose .
adult rose chafers chew on flowers , especially roses and peonies , causing large , irregular holes by eating the leaf tissue between the large veins , a type of injury known as skeletonizing . they also chew on leaves , and fruits , but are usually damaging only when exceptionally numerous . damage is more severe in areas with sandy soil . larvae feed on roots of grass and weeds doing little noticeable damage .
prevention : gardeners should regularly monitor their gardens starting in late may , especially if you have a history of rose chafer infestations . cover smaller plants with floating row covers until july control : 1 . cultivation destroys eggs and pupae in the soil . it is especially effective against pupae if cultivating is continued into early june 2 . if large numbers of chafers are around , drench the soil with insect parasitic nematodes to kill the larvae . 2 . when small numbers are present , hand pick to remove rose chafers . put them into pails of soapy water to kill them . because rose chafers are good fliers , more can fly into your garden and you will need to check your plants routinely for any additional rose chafers .
if you love fruit tress like apples , peaches , pears and plums , but don ' t have the room , plant a dwarf variety . most grow from 3 feet to 8 feet . they product tons of fruit and are easier to harvest because they are low to the ground .
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and the life cycle is similar . rose chafer was first reported as a grape pest as early as 1810 , later extending its host range to include a wide assortment of host plants . grape remains among the most severely injured crops . larvae overwinter in soil , resuming development in the spring . adults emerge in late may or early june , near the time of grape bloom . these are tan , long - legged beetles about 12 mm long . mating and egg laying occur continuously for about two weeks with each female depositing 24 to 36 eggs . the average life span of the adult is about three weeks , when they feed on blossoms , newly set fruit and leaves . in about two weeks , eggs hatch and larvae begin feeding on grass roots . this pest is more common in areas with light sandy soils . there is one generation per year .
control is seldom needed for this pest , but vigilance should be maintained early in the season in case of high numbers . in severe cases , blossom buds are often completely destroyed , resulting in little or no grape production . population levels vary from year to year . petal - fall sprays for grape berry moth will also control rose chafers .
this is taken primarily from an extension bulletin by d . g . pfeiffer & p . b . schultz , entitled
major insect and mite pests of grape in virginia
( va . coop . ext . serv . 444 - 567 ( 1986 ) )
rose chafer adults attack grapes at bloom as they emerge from the soil . not only do they destroy the fruit at blossom , in addition , they frequently skeletonize the leaves , leaving only the large veins intact ( see figure 22 . 21 ) .
females deposit eggs below the soil surface and soon after hatch into tiny , white , grubs . the larvae feed on the roots of grasses and weeds throughout the summer becoming fully developed by fall .
scouting for rose chafer within the vineyard should begin when newly emerged adults may be found feeding primarily on newly formed blossom buds .
cultivating between rows may be effective in destroying a good number of chafers since the pupal stage is extremely vulnerable to disturbance .
assail ( acetamiprid ) , sevin ( carbaryl ) , imidan ( phosmet ) , and danitol ( fenpropathrin ) are all ranked as providing excellent control of this pest .
treatment with an insecticide should be when the first newly emerged beetles are detected in adequate numbers .
click on the following topics for more information on managing vineyard insect and mite pests .
no part of this content or the data or information included therein may be reproduced , republished or redistributed without the prior written consent of apex publishers . use of this site is governed by our copyright policy , terms of use agreement and privacy policy .
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thrips ( several species including the flower thrips , western flower thrips ) ( univ . of california site )
root weevils ( otiorhynchus spp . , polydrusus spp . ) ( univ . of california site )
kovach , j . , w . wilcox , a . agnello an m . pritts . 1993 . strawberry ipm scouting procedures . cornell univ . n . y . state ipm program . publ . no . 203b . 33p .
a . refer to refer to handout on
insects and mites associated with small fruits in the u . s .
anon . 1972 . strawberry insects : how to control them . usda farm . bull . 2184 . 17 p .
butcher , m . r . , d . r . penman & r . r . scott . 1987a . a binomial sequential decision plan for control of two - spotted spider mite on strawberries in canterbury . n . z . j . exp . agric . 15 : 371 - 374 .
butcher , m . r . , d . r . penman & r . r . scott . 1987b . population dynamics of two - spotted spider mites in multiple year strawberry crops in canterbury . n . z . j . zool . 14 : 509 - 517 .
butcher , m . r . , d . r . penman & r . r . scott . 1987c . the relationship between two - spotted spider mite and strawberry yield in canterbury . n . z . j . exp . agric . 15 : 367 - 370 .
chagnon , m . , j . gingras & d . deoliveira . 1991 . honey bee ( hymenoptera : apidae ) foraging behavior and raspberry pollination . j . econ . entomol . 84 : 457 - 460 .
cooley , d . r . & s . g . schloemann . 1990 . development and implementation of a strawberry ipm program . 1990 reg . ext . fruit school . middleway wv . oct . 30 - nov . 1 .
davidson , r . h . & w . f . lyon . 1979 . insect pests of farm , garden , and orchard . wiley , n . y . 596 p .
english - loeb , g . , m . pritts , j . kovach , r . rieckenberg and m . j . kelly . 1999 . compensatory ability of strawberries to bud and flower removal : implications for managing the strawberry bud weevil . j . econ . entomol . 92 : 915 - 921 .
hansen , r . w . & e . a . osgood . 1983 . insects visiting flowers of wild red raspberry in spruce - fir forested areas of eastern maine . entomol . news 94 : 147 - 151 .
johnson , d . t . & r . l mayes . 1986 . biology and control of the rednecked cane borer . arkansas farm res . 35 ( 3 ) : 6 .
mailloux , g . & n . j . bostanian . 1988 . economic injury level model for tarnished plant bug , lygus lineolaris ( palisot de beauvois ) ( hemiptera : mirideae ) , in strawberry fields . environ . entomol . 17 : 581 - 586 .
mcgregor , s . e . 1976 . insect pollination of cultivated crop plants . usda - ars agric . handbk . 496 . 411 p . miller , j . c . , p . e . hanson & r . v . dowell . 1987 . the potential of gypsy moth as a pest of fruit and nut crops . calif . agric . nov . - dec . 87 : 10 - 12 .
pennsylvania . 1991 . small fruit and pest management guide 1991 - 1992 . penn . state coll . agric .
price , j . f . & j . b . kring . 1991 . response of twospotted spider mite , tetranychus urticae koch , and fruit yield to new miticides and their use patterns in strawberries . j . agric . entomol . 8 : 83 - 91 .
raine , j . 1962 . life history and behaviour of the raspberry crown borer bembecia marginata ( harr . ) ( lepidoptera : aegeriidae ) . can . entomol . 94 : 1212 - 1222 .
schaefers , g . a . 1964 . control of the strawberry leaf roller , ancylis comptana fragariae ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . j . econ . entomol . 57 : 983 - 986 .
schaefers , g . a . 1981 . pest management systems for strawberry insects . p . 377 - 393 . in : d . pimentel ( ed . ) . crc handbook of pest management in agriculutre . vol . iii . crc press , boca raton fl . 656 p .
schloemann , s . g . & d . r . cooley . 1988 . the initiation of a new ipm program in strawberries in massachusetts . p . 67 - 81 . in : proc . new engladnd small fruit school . jan . 5 , 1988 .
stuart , l . c . , b . a . butt & f . takeda . 1986 . leaf curl of eastern thornless blackberry caused by blackberry psyllid , trioza tripunctata fitch . proc . 62nd cumberland - shenandoah fruit workers conf . , harpers ferry wv . nov . 20 - 21 .
waite , g . k . 1988 . integrated control of tetranychus urticae in strawberries in south - east queensland . exp . appl . acarol . 5 : 23 - 32 .
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by : stan v . griep , american rose society consulting master rosarian – rocky mountain district
the rose chafer and the japanese beetle are both true villains of the rose bed . both appear to have the same habits and life cycles , going from eggs laid in the ground by the mature female beetles , hatching out to larvae / grubs in the ground and maturing to beetles that attack plants and blooms without mercy . read on for more rose chafer facts and control info .
the adult rose chafer’s main diet is flower blossoms , especially those of peonies and roses . the damage they do to the blooms can be devastating . rose chafer damage can be recognized by the large irregularly shaped holes all over the flowers , ruining the beauty of the blooms completely .
these bad guy beetles also include some fruits in their diet , seeming to prefer the raspberry , grape and strawberry . they will also feed upon the foliage of many trees and shrubs , such as apple trees , cherry trees and birch trees . this rose chafer damage is created by eating the leaf tissue between the large veins and results in what is known as “skeletonizing” of the leaves .
treating rose chafers is important , not only for the health of your rose and other susceptible ornamentals , but for wildlife too . the rose chafer contains a toxin within its body chemistry that can be deadly to birds , including chickens . the same toxin can be deadly to other small animals when they eat these beetles .
as a part of keeping an eye on things in our gardens and rose beds , we need to keep an eye out for the rose chafers starting around late may ( early spring ) , especially if there is a history of having rose chafer problems in the area or in our own gardens and rose beds . many gardeners feel there is little difference between the rose chafer and the japanese beetle , as attempting to protect our plants and rose bushes from them is a daunting task , especially when there are large numbers of them !


microplophorus is a genus of beetles in the family cerambycidae , containing the following species : microplophorus calverti philippi in germain , 1897 microplophorus magellanicus blanchard in gay , 1851 microplophorus penai galileo , 1987

microplophorus

blanchard in gay , 1851 . accessed at : urltoken ; = 989604 on 2018 - 07 - 09
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the longhorn beetle has been found eating dead trees at hill cove and teal inlet . it has been accidentally introduced to the islands from southern chile or argentina .
luckily for us , this species prefers to eat dead trees but some species can be serious pests , causing severe damage to living trees or timbers used in construction . the asian long - horned beetle is one of the most destructive non - native insects in the united states .