comber ( / ˈkɒmbər / ) ( serranus cabrilla ) , is a species of fish in the family serranidae .

it lives in the mediterranean sea , the black sea and the atlantic coast from the british isles to the cape of good hope , including the azores , madeira and the canary islands .

the habitat are rocky or sandy sounding-deeps at depths of 0 – 200 metres ( 0 – 656 ft ) .

size can vary from 5 – 25 centimetres ( 2.0 – 9.8 in ) in normal individual to up to 40 cm ( 16 in ) .

the comber feeds on other fish , cephalopods and crustaceans .

comber ( fish )

beach comber star fish earring with worn gold plating and faux fresh water pearl .
comber , serranus cabrilla . lateral view on ship wreck . azores , portugal .
green wrasse & comber . labrus viridis , serranus cabrilla . couch , print 1862
comber gaper ( serranus cabrilla ) swimming through water , callelongue creek , marseille , france .
comber ( serranus cabrilla ) swimming in the waters of riou island , moyades , marseille , france .
also known as rockcods , cods , hinds , trouts , pointed comber , redfish , lettered perch .
quinn ' s fish cafe is a locally owned fish & chip sit - in and takeaway . our ethos is to provide you with the highest quality food at it ' s freshest .
latin , serran , serranus , saw and a fish of genus serranus ( ref . 45335 )
description : quinn ' s fish cafe is a locally owned fish & chip sit - in and takeaway . our ethos is to provide you with the highest quality food at it ' s freshest .
these fish are hermaphrodites and can fertilize themselves . spawning is seasonal and controlled by the moon’s phase .
created to help individuals around the world identify tropical fish found during their scuba dive and snorkelling excursions .
lovely crisp battered fish and freshly cooked chips . the helpings are huge and served by pleasant staff .
serranus scriba , the painted comber , is a subtropical marine fish found in the eastern atlantic ocean , the mediterranean sea , and the black sea . confusingly , a synonym of this species is perca marina , but that name ( as sebastes marinus ) has incorrectly been used for a separate species , the rose fish .
a fresh catch of various fish species laying on the bottom of a plastic bucket . lemnos island , greece
comber ( serranus cabrilla ) with sea louse ( anilocra sp . ) , cala montgó , costa brava , catalonia , spain
my family and i got lovely fish and chips out of here , great chip shop , lovely batter and chips where also very nice , came with mushy peas which was a nice extra and offered tartar sauce . good addition to comber take outs .
squirrelfish , holocentrus adscensionis , comber , serranus cabrilla , and redcoat , sargocentron rubrum . handcoloured copperplate engraving after an illustration by jean - gabriel pretre from bernard germain de lacepede ' s natural history of oviparous quadrupeds , snakes , fish and cetaceans , eymery , paris , 1825 .
comber , serranus cabrilla . swimming in front of diver . is widely distributed in the eastern atlantic and is known from the straits of gibraltar to an
i have seen lots of this fish almost under every rock along turkey ' s mediterrenean coast . they are so friendly and curious : )
i had wanted to try quinn ' s for sometime . my grandfathers were both north sea fishermen and i love great fish and chips . when in london i like to go to the north sea fish restaurant near st . pancras which is wonderful but when i am . . .
my daughter suggested we try quinn ' s the next time we were in comber . we arrived around 6 . 00 and while the carry out was very busy there were many tables available in the sit - in section . the staff were friendly and attentive . we order two fish and . . .
the painted comber spends much of its time in rocky caves . it is usually solitary or in small groups . it comes out of hiding around dusk to feed on various crustaceans , fishes , and worms . indeed , this fish tends to give away a well hidden octopus nest , since it lies in waiting outside the octopus nest to feed on the left - over bits of shellfish .
the photo of this painted comber was taken at a depth of 30m outside of the blue hole , a natural feature at dwejra , not far from the famous azure window , on gozo ’s west coast .
comber , serranus cabrilla ( greenish holocentrus , holocentrus virescens ) . illustration drawn and engraved by richard polydore nodder . handcoloured copperplate engraving from george shaw and frederick nodder ' s the naturalist ' s miscellany , london , 1806 .
my wife and i always go here for chips in comber . we make it in at least once a fortnight . great fish , great chicken goujons and brilliant chips ! big portions , too . the beef and bird burger was a force to be reckoned with when i got it . staff are friendly and everything is cooked in front of you - can ; t get fresher than that . see you tomorrow night . . .
also known as rockcods , cods , hinds , trouts , pointed comber , redfish and lettered perch . found in murky waters of lagoons and seaward reefs , on rocky bottoms and in seagrass beds . colour varies . they feed on small fish and invertebrates . length - 30cm depth - 5 - 150m widespread eastern atlantic , mediterranean & black sea . sea bass are solitary carnivores that hunt near the bottom usually at dusk . food is drawn into their mouths by a powerful suction when they open their overly large mouths and then swallowed whole . spawning is seasonal and controlled by the moons phase .
hi ken , many thanks for your review and i ' m glad you enjoyed your fish . i was however disappointed that you found the chips to be poor . i can assure you that we do cook all our food fresh and that the chips you had were . . .
very pleasant couple serving excellent fare . fish and mushrooms battered before my eyes , then cooked before being nicely presented on white square plates , with the nice touch of fake newspaper on top . this was actually greaseproof , and had
headlines
about the café . sadly , deserted at . . .
is widely distributed in the eastern atlantic and is known from the straits of gibraltar to angola , madeira and canary and cape verde isalnds , sao tome and prncipe . it also inhabits the mediterranean and black seas , eastern atlantic to british isles , azores , and the red sea . this fish is common and abundant .
got a carry out of fish , pastie & chips along with a portion of gravy . the produce was good quality but very greasy , so much so we didn ' t finish what we got and the gravy was really lumpy . if they could sort the grease problem out i think it would be very good . disappointed .
serranus cabrilla inhabits rocky and soft bottoms from shore to 450 m depth . it feeds on cephalopods , crustaceans and fish ( heemstra and anderson in prep ) . this species is a synchronous hermaphrodite . the spawning season ranges from february to july with a peak in may . it matures at 152 mm ( garcia - diaz et al . 1997 ) .
serranus scriba grows to a length of 28 centimetres . this grouper has a squat body , a large head and a mouth very large in proportion to the body size . jaws are filled with sharp teeth . the painted comber is orange to red in colour , with bluish to dark brown vertical stripes that are wider and darker towards the tail . the caudal fin is dark yellow to orange , the dorsal fins are yellow with orange dots and lines . the pelvic fins and pectoral fins are usually monochromatic light yellow . the head shows many reddish - brown lines that resemble arabic writing ( hence the latin name of the species ) . on both sides of the abdomen there is a large , bright blue area .
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inhabits rocky and soft bottoms from shore to 450 m depth . this species is caught on hand lines and bottoms trawls . it is used for human consumption as well as fishmeal . there are no major threats at present time and no indication of population declines at either global or regional scales . no species - specific measures are currently in place , however , several marine protected areas are found within its range . it is therefore listed as least concern .
serranus cabrilla ranges from the straits of gibraltar to angola , madeira and canary and cape verde islands , sao tome and principe . it also inhabits the mediterranean and black seas , eastern atlantic to british isles including the azores and is also know to occur off south africa . possible occurrences in the red sea are mediterranean sea immigrants . this species can be found in waters up to 450 m deep ( heemstra and anderson in press ) and has been recorded from ~ 40 m ( t . iwamoto pers . comm . 2013 ) .
albania ; algeria ; angola ; benin ; bosnia and herzegovina ; bulgaria ; cameroon ; cape verde ; congo ; congo , the democratic republic of the ; côte d ' ivoire ; croatia ; cyprus ; egypt ; equatorial guinea ; france ( corsica , france ( mainland ) ) ; gabon ; gambia ; georgia ; ghana ; greece ; guernsey ; guinea ; guinea - bissau ; israel ; italy ; jersey ; lebanon ; liberia ; libya ; malta ; mauritania ; monaco ; montenegro ; morocco ; nigeria ; portugal ( azores , madeira , portugal ( mainland ) , selvagens ) ; romania ; russian federation ; sao tomé and principe ; senegal ; sierra leone ; slovenia ; south africa ; spain ( baleares , canary is . , spain ( mainland ) , spanish north african territories ) ; syrian arab republic ; togo ; tunisia ; turkey ; ukraine ; united kingdom ; western sahara
is common and abundant . there are 136 museum records found with a maximum count of 21 individuals in a single lot ( fishnet2 2013 ) .
serranus cabrilla is caught on handlines and bottoms trawls . it is used for human consumption as well as fishmeal ( heemstra and anderson in press ) . this species is a component of small scale fisheries in parts of its range .
there are no major threats at present time and no indication of population declines at either global or regional scales .
no species specific measures are currently in place , however , several marine protected areas are found within its range ( world database on protected areas 2010 ) .
smith - vaniz , w . f . & iwamoto , t . 2015 .
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marine ; demersal ; depth range 5 - 500 m ( ref . 5506 ) . deep - water ; 57°n - 35°s , 32°w - 36°e
eastern atlantic : english channel southward round the cape of good hope to natal , south africa ( ref . 4319 ) , including azores , madeira and the canary islands ( ref . 5506 ) . also in the mediterranean and western black sea and possibly in the red sea ( ref . 5506 ) .
maturity : l m 17 . 5 range ? - ? cm max length : 40 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5506 ) ; common length : 25 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 36731 )
found on the shelf and upper slope on rocks , posidonia beds , sand and mud bottoms ( ref . 5506 ) . feed on fishes , cephalopods and crustaceans ( ref . 27121 ) .
tortonese , e . , 1986 . serranidae . p . 780 - 792 . in p . j . p . whitehead , m . - l . bauchot , j . - c . hureau , j . nielsen and e . tortonese ( eds . ) fishes of the north - eastern atlantic and the mediterranean . unesco , paris . vol . 2 . ( ref . 5506 )
) : 11 . 2 - 18 , mean 14 . 4 ( based on 327 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00933 ( 0 . 00811 - 0 . 01073 ) , b = 2 . 98 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 02 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 ±0 . 3 se ; based on diet studies .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( k = 0 . 1 - 0 . 3 ; tmax = 6 ) .
prior r = 0 . 93 , 2 sd range = 0 . 49 - 1 . 77 , log ( r ) = - 0 . 07 , sd log ( r ) = 0 . 32 , based on : 1 m , 15 k , 3 tmax , records
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate vulnerability ( 36 of 100 ) .
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the genus serranus belongs to the family serranidae ( the family of groupers and sea basses ) , order perciformes , class actinopterygii , phylum chordata and kingdom animalia .
elysia timida , the green elysia , is a species of sacoglossan sea slug , a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk endemic to the . . .
bothus podas , the wide - eyed flounder , is a type of flatfish and is native to the mediterranean sea and the eastern . . .
astropecten aranciacus , the red comb starfish , is a type of sea star and is native to the mediterranean sea and . . .
die gruppe um stephania und brian ist echt super . wir hatten eine woche mit höhen und tiefen aber waren hier echt super gut aufgehoben und betreut . ich komme gerne wieder . super gutes team und echt schöne tauchplätze .
professional , attention to every detail , friendly , helpful where needed . thank you for the 2 amazing dives guys at the blue hole and the reqqa point . special thanks to dennis , dennis - dennis , georgia & stephania !
i was there a couple of years ago . diving with brian was just like diving with a good friend .
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october 06 , 2014 at 06 : 18 am - 1 person found this useful .
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quinn ' s is a real treat . the shop is always immaculate , the staff are friendly and welcoming , and the food is always of the highest quality .
we had the cod and chips . great service , friendly staff and lovely food , what more do you want from a chip shop .
friendly and fast service . . . portion size large and could be shared easily . . . would recommend this for a tasty treat . and try the fried mars bars . . .
love this very clean professional restaurant . the staff are very friendly and the service is excellent . love the pasties they are fantastic and the chips the best . we love sitting in as a family such a treat !
friendly staff and warm welcome . order was taken quickly . food was lovely and would come back here anytime .
had never eaten here but this will be our first choice for a chippy tea from now on . we sat in . the food was cooked to order so we expected a bit of a wait and didn ' t mind . the service was good and the . . .
many thanks for your review ! we ' re glad you enjoyed your meal . look forward to seeing you again soon ! stuart
after a long saterday working decided i wanted a chippy . called in here for the 1st time in a while . shop was busy , service was with a smile and the guy working the fryer ' s went out of his way to do me exactly what i . . .
hi glenn , many thanks for your review . i ' m glad you enjoyed your kebab ! hope to see you again soon ! thanks again stuart ( the guy working the fryer ' s )
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i have got a take away a few times from here . the food is nice and reasonable . the few times i have been in have waiting abit long especially when ur the only one else in
hi , thank you for taking the time to send us a review . i am really sorry that your visit didn ' t quite match your expectations . we appreciate your comments and have taken everything on board . we pride ourselves on the quality of our food and value every customer ' s feedback . if you could contact me on 02891874557 i would like to discuss your concerns with you and rectify them . ( sorry this reply has taken a while , i didn ' t know we were on tripadvisor ) . regards , stuart
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the atlantic weasel shark ( paragaleus pectoralis ) is a weasel shark of the family hemigaleidae , found in the eastern atlantic ocean , from the surface to a depth of 100 m .

it can reach a length of 1.4 m.

atlantic weasel shark

a ) atlantic weasel shark dentition , b ) atlantic weasel shark denticles . image courtesy fao
the little - known atlantic weasel shark . . . - dyer island conservation trust | facebook
predators potential predators of the atlantic weasel shark are marine mammals and large fish including other sharks .
parasites parasites of the atlantic weasel shark include copepods as documented from a specimen captured off the coast of senegal .
the atlantic weasel shark is found in the tropical eastern atlantic ocean from cape verde and mauritania to northern namibia and possibly north to morocco . there exists a record of this shark in the northwestern atlantic ocean off the coast of new england ( us ) .
food habits as a specialist feeder , the atlantic weasel shark has a strong preference for cephalopods including squid and octopi . this shark will also feed on small bony fishes .
there have been no documented attacks on humans by the atlantic weasel sharks . most weasel sharks are considered harmless to humans with the exception of the snaggletooth shark ( hemipristis elongatus ) which is large enough to be considered potentially dangerous .
denticles the dermal denticles of the atlantic weasel shark are closely spaced and partially overlap . the blades are located on short pedicels and are nearly horizontal with five longitudinal ridges .
commonly found inshore to offshore of the continental shelf , the atlantic weasel shark ranges from depths of a few feet ( meters ) down to more than 328 feet ( 100m ) .
my topic is the conservation ecology of north atlantic shark populations . i am also the principal investigator of this project .
reproduction the atlantic weasel shark is a viviparous shark giving birth to 1 - 4 young per litter . the young measure approximately 18 . 5 inches ( 47 cm ) in length at birth . off the coast of senegal , most of the young are born during the months of may and june .
atlantic weasel sharks are caught on longlines , hook and line , bottom set gillnets , and bottom trawls . this shark is commercially important and is utilized fresh and dried salted for human consumption . it is also used in the processing of fishmeal .
we believe that the fact that atlantic weasel sharks occur nowhere else will have an important effect on how the local community will think about this species . therefore , the weasel shark could be used as an umbrella species to create awareness for sharks in general in this region . for example , other data deficient species with limited movements , such as the nurse shark , share the same habitats . finally , in our last expedition we not only caught juvenile weasel sharks , but various juvenile shark species - meaning one of these sites could be a multi - species nursery .
the enigmatic weasel shark , will it disappear before we know it ? dureuil , manuel . . dalhousie university , 30 may 2016 . experiment . doi : 10 . 18258 / 7199
the maximum total length of the atlantic weasel shark is 54 . 3 inches ( 138 cm ) . sexual maturity is obtained at total lengths of 31 . 5 inches ( 80 cm ) for males and 29 . 5 - 35 . 4 inches ( 75 - 90 cm ) for females .
garman originally described the atlantic weasel shark in 1906 as hemigaleus pectoralis . this name was later changed to the currently valid name of paragaleus pectoralis . the genus name , paragaleus , is derived from the greek
para
meaning the side of , and
galeos
meaning a kind of shark . synonyms referring to this species in past scientific literature include paragaleus gruveli ( budker 1935 ) .
the little - known atlantic weasel shark only occurs in west africa , an area which is most acutely threatened by illegal and unregulated overfishing . in 2015 , we found a previously unknown aggregation of weasel sharks in the remote island nation of cabo verde , which could be the last stronghold of this rare and enigmatic species . we will launch a second expedition in 2016 to study the species’ biology , threatened status and potential tools for its protection .
the primary goal of this project is to scientifically investigate the habitat use of the atlantic weasel shark at different life stages ( juveniles and adults ) , to increase the scientific knowledge about the biology of this species and to investigate opportunities for its protection . using the weasel shark as an umbrella species we hope to create awareness for sharks in this region in general , on a national and international level . this project also aims to train local researchers , to provide a better scientific infrastructure and to promote non - lethal catch and minimally invasive research methods for sharks .
eastern atlantic : cape verde and mauritania to northern namibia ( ref . 244 , 5578 ) ; possibly extending north to morocco . record from the northwest atlantic , specifically in new england , has not been verified even after an extensive survey of the area has been conducted .
the atlantic weasel shark is a demersal species inhabiting both inshore and offshore waters around the continental shelf in tropical to warm - temperate waters . the species occurs in shallow waters up to 100 m , and can be found quite close to land in the surf zone . common within its area of occurrence , little is known about the biology of this species ( compagno in prep . ) .
coloration the dorsal surface of this weasel shark is light gray to bronze , with yellow stripes running down the length of the body while the ventral surface is white . the yellow stripes are not prominent in preserved specimens . the fins have no distinguishing marks .
the english language common name is the atlantic weasel shark . other common names include atlantiese weselhaai ( afrikaans ) , atlantische wezelhaai ( dutch ) , atlantisk væselhaj ( danish ) , ehoushouinon ( fon gbe ) , marajo ( spanish ) , milandre jaune ( french ) , requin ( french ) , taess ( arabic ) , tiburón comadiza ( spanish ) , tiburón comadreja ( spanish ) and tubarão - doninha ( portuguese ) .
on our last expedition to cabo verde in 2015 , we installed acoustic underwater receivers in each a bay of the two islands were we found adult and juvenile atlantic weasel sharks . acoustic transmitter tags can communicate with these receivers , recording the presence of tagged individuals even in months where weather makes it impossible to be physically present .
greek , para = the side of + greek , galeos = a kind of shark ( ref . 45335 )
distributed throughout the east atlantic around the cape verde islands , and from mauritania down to angola ( compagno et al . 2005 ) . possibly occurs as far north as morocco ( compagno et al . 2005 ) and as far south as namibia ( bianchi et al . 1999 , carpenter 2008 ) . one northwest atlantic record from 1906 ( compagno et al . 2005 ) . there are no further records from the tropical atlantic , possible that the locality data from this specimen was erroneous ( compagno in prep . ) .
the atlantic weasel shark has a slender body and moderately long snout . the broad oval eyes are large and possess internal nictitating eyelids . the mouth is rounded and moderately long . the first dorsal fin is located in front of the pelvic fins and is larger than the second dorsal fin . the second dorsal fin is approximately two thirds the size of the first dorsal and originates slightly anterior of the anal fin origin . there are no spines on either dorsal fin . the pectoral fins are elongate and pointed . the anal fin is smaller than the second dorsal fin . the pelvic and dorsal fins as well as the ventral caudal lobe is not falcate , a character used to distinguish this shark from other weasel sharks . the caudal peduncle is slender and lacks lateral ridges . this shark also has an asymmetric caudal fin with a strong ventral lobe as well as precaudal pits . the caudal fin terminates in a narrowly rounded tip .
i have been researching sharks since 2009 , ranging from the conservation of white sharks in south africa to shark conservation and life history studies in the north atlantic . i have a bsc in biology from the university of marburg and an msc in biological oceanography from the university of kiel . i have extensive training in working with sharks and i am holding a certificate on the care and use of fish , was trained by our university veterinarian and conducted external passive tagging , satellite tagging and surgically implanted acoustic transmitters in several shark species .
are limited . another possibility is that the locality data for the specimen as obtained by garman is erroneous . it seems unlikely that the shark was transported alive from the eastern
this researcher has identified a valuable enclave of special interest in a possible weasel shark refuge and breeding area . the project goals are clearly stated and the study is very modest in the resources needed while the results will be important to move forward the agenda of achieving some protected status for some of this habitat if it in fact is a nursery area / critical habitat for this species . a lot of bang for the buck in research terms .
dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 0 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 0 . a slender weasel shark with a moderately long snout , large eyes , and a short , small mouth with small , serrated upper teeth and erect - cusped lower teeth ( ref . 5578 ) . light grey or bronze with longitudinal yellow stripes , fins plain ; white below ( ref . 5578 ) .
in our lab a study was conducted which found that globally almost half of scientifically assessed shark populations are exploited above their rebound potential . this trend is triggered by an increasing demand for shark products and unwanted bycatch in fisheries targeting other marine life . sharks have long lifespans , late maturity and slow growth , which make them extremely vulnerable to even mild exploitation rates . scientists have become concerned about declines in sharks as their depletion may have serious consequences for the structure , function and stability of marine ecosystems . indeed , sharks belong to the most threatened of all vertebrates , making adequate shark protection essential to safeguard important ecosystem services .
for donations of $ 250 usd and more : you can give the shark a name . we will provide you with information on this individual and its whereabouts . we will also try to send you a picture . if you like this project please help us and share it .
what got me in particular is that sharks , which have been on this planet for more than 400 million years and survived several mass extinctions , can become threatened in only a few decades , by us . i therefore decided to make scientific shark research that aids their understanding and protection my priority .
this shark is viviparous , bearing 1 - 4 pups per litter ( mostly two ) , each about 47 cm in length . off senegal most young are born between may to june . this species reaches a maximum size of 138 cm in length , with males maturing at about 80cm and females maturing between 75 and 90 cm ( compagno
compagno , l . j . v . , 1984 . fao species catalogue . vol . 4 . sharks of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date . part 2 - carcharhiniformes . fao fish . synop . 125 ( 4 / 2 ) : 251 - 655 . rome : fao . ( ref . 244 )
habitat protection is a very important tool in conservation , especially in areas where assessments are lacking and caches are not regulated . for example , temporal area closures for fishing fleets in important habitat areas can reduce the mortality on important life stages and therefore aid in stock rebuilding . pupping grounds , nursery areas and spawning grounds are critical for recruitment success and adequate protection of these sites could increase survival and the species’ capacity to withstand fishing pressure . on the other hand , intensive fishing in such areas is likely to make species more vulnerable to overexploitation . there is increasing evidence that a number of different shark species utilize the same critical habitat areas in consecutive years . identifying important habitat areas is therefore critical to aid effective shark protection .
a very common inshore to offshore shark of the continental shelf occurring at depths of a few meters to slightly over 100 m ( ref . 244 ) . a specialist feeder that prefers cephalopods , also feeds on small bony fishes ( ref . 244 ) . viviparous ( ref . 50449 ) . utilized fresh and dried salted for human consumption , and processed into fishmeal ( ref . 244 ) .
a very common inshore to offshore shark of the continental shelf occurring at depths of a few meters to slightly over 100 m ( ref . 244 ) . a specialist feeder that prefers cephalopods , also feeds on small bony fishes ( ref . 244 ) . viviparous ( ref . 50449 ) . utilized fresh and dried salted for human consumption , and processed into fishmeal ( ref . 244 ) .
this is a very timely and well articulated project . chondrichthyan research is challenging and notoriously difficult to secure funding for . in african waters extensive unregulated fishing occurs and studies such as this are crucial to understand the ecological composition in such threatened marine regions . manuel dureuil is one of the most driven and dedicated shark scientists i have met and i look forward to seeing the outputs of this study from his team !
this small shark has a slender body , long snout , and large oval eyes . the fins are somewhat small except for the elongated , pointed pectoral fins , and it has an asymmetric caudal ( tail ) fin . this specialized feeder preys mostly on cephalopods like squid and octopus , but will sometimes eat small fish . because of its size , usually no bigger than 4 . 5 feet long , and its specialized diet , it is considered little to no harm to humans .
marine ; demersal ; depth range ? - 100 m ( ref . 5578 ) , usually 30 - 70 m ( ref . 10730 ) . tropical ; 30°n -
maturity : l m ? , range 75 - 90 cm max length : 140 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5578 ) ; common length : 100 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 26999 )
viviparous ( with a yolk - sac placenta ) , with 1 to 4 young per litter . size at birth about 47 cm ( ref . 244 ) . distinct pairing with embrace ( ref . 205 ) .
) : 17 . 7 - 25 . 9 , mean 19 . 9 ( based on 45 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5664 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00347 ( 0 . 00150 - 0 . 00799 ) , b = 3 . 09 ( 2 . 88 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 3 ±0 . 64 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : very low , minimum population doubling time more than 14 years ( fec = 1 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : high vulnerability ( 63 of 100 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
p . gruveli is considered a synonym of p . pectoralis , following krefft ( 1968 ) , compagno ( 1979 , 1984 , 1988 ) , and cadenat and blache ( 1982 ) .
it is a specialist feeder , primarily feeding on cephalopods , including squid and octopi . occasionally preys on small bony fishes such as soles and sardines to make up its diet ( compagno in prep . ) .
the meat is utilised fresh and dried - salted for human consumption and processed into fishmeal ( compagno in prep . ) .
no conservation measures are in place . catch levels need to be quantified and monitored .
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the iucn is a global union of states , governmental agencies , and non - governmental organizations in a partnership that assesses the conservation status of species .
the small mouth contains compressed teeth with distal cusplets and broad bases in the upper jaw and moderately long teeth with nearly straight smooth - edged cusps in the lower jaw . there are 26 - 30 rows of teeth in the upper jaw and 27 - 33 rows in the lower jaw with three of these rows located at the symphysis of the jaw .
: cape verde islands and mauritania to angola , possibly northward to morocco . ? western north
1 to 4 but mostly ( 60 % of 77 individuals ) 2 . off senegal most young are born in may and june .
in their stomachs ( cadenat and blache , l9b2 ) . the remainder of this
females reported from 83 to 117 cm ; size at birth about 47 cm .
- and - line , gillnets , and bottom trawls ; its meat is used fresh and dried salted for human consumption , and it is processed into fishmeal .
following krefft ( 1968 ) , compagno ( 1979 ) , and cadenat and blache ( 1982 ) . the record of the
by human agency to the
aquarial gardens
, because of the slow transportation ( steamships ) and limited aquarial technology available at the turn of the century .
locality :
. . . from the ' aquarial gardens ' , for which the collections were made off the coasts of massachusetts and rhode island .
(
cadenat , j . , 1950 . remarques biologiques sur leptocharias smithii müller et henle . bull . inst . fr . afr . noire , 12 ( 2 ) : 1950 408 - 11
cadenat , j . , 1957 . notes d ' ichtyologie ouest - africaine . 17 . biologie , régime alimentaire . bull . inst . fond . afr . noire ( a . sci . nat . ) , 19 ( 1 ) : 274 - 94
krefft , g . , 1968 . knorpelfische ( chondrichthyes ) aus dem tropischen ostatlantik . atlantide rep . , ( 10 ) : 33 - 76
compagno , l . j . v . , 1979 . carcharhinoid sharks : morphology , systematics and phylogeny . unpublished ph . d . thesis , stanford university , 932 p . available from university microfilms international , ann arbor , michigan
cadenat , j . and j . blache , 1981 . requins de mediterranee et d ' atlantique . faune trop . orstom , 21 : 330 p .
this experiment is part of the sharks , skates , and rays challenge grant .
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the 10 acoustic transmitter tags will allow us to start a detailed investigation of the habitat use over 2 to 3 years . animals tagged with these transmitters can be located continuously by already installed underwater receivers , giving us information on when an individual is present in these bays . implanting these tags requires a small surgery with sterile tools . the about 200 external marker tags are particularly critical to study the body growth rate of this species , which is important for fisheries assessment and a good indicator of species’ vulnerability to fishing . the last bit we need is the tagging equipment , such as a tagging pole .
our field work is accompanied by a veterinarian and an experienced specialists for catch and live release and safe handling of sharks , both working for decades with these animals . in this project we are also working together with the ocean tracking network urltoken local ngo’s ( biosfera i and fundacao maio biodiversidade ) , the national institute for fisheries development ( indp ) and of course local students , local communities and local fishing charters
i am currently a phd candidate of dalhousie university and the transatlantic ocean system science and technology ( tosst ) school , under the supervision of dr . boris worm . boris is a full professor at dalhousie university , focusing on the conservation of marine biodiversity worldwide . he has authored over 100 publications on these topics , many with a focus on large marine predators , specifically sharks , tuna and billfish . our scientific papers can be found here .
i love nature and my life passion is to help conserve sharks worldwide . i am convinced that protecting nature is one of the most critical challenges we have . growing up far away from the sea , observations of birds and the local fauna in my childhood had to replace sharks . although i was always fascinated by sharks , at the time i was doing my undergraduate in biology , things became more concrete . i read boris’s first articles showing that sharks might be in deep trouble .
increasing the biological knowledge and uncovering habitat use is important for our understanding and protection of sharks worldwide .
acoustic tagging is ideal to provide information on presence or absence of individuals in a specific area over time . this allows us to investigate for example ‘site fidelity’ , a behavior where individuals return to key aggregation sites repeatedly over time . this is crucial information in determining if a species will benefit from habitat protection .
passive tagging , where species are equipped with an external marker tag carrying a unique identification number , can further provide general information on species movement and densities . it is a relatively inexpensive method , independent from battery life , and therefore allows to study more individuals over longer time periods . in addition , this method allows to investigate body growth from tagged and recaptured animals . body growth of individuals is an important piece of knowledge for fisheries science .
furthermore , the access to the animals while tagging enable us to record all kind of biological data , such as sex , genetic samples , blood and size measurements , as well as investigating environmental preferences of animals . this can provide important information to help us understand how vulnerable the species might be to disturbances , such as fishing pressure or climate change .
this research is part of a greater project , the cabo verde elasmobranch research and conservation project . this project aims to support the development of comprehensive , long - term and effective science based protections measures for cabo verde elasmobranchs ( sharks , skates and rays ) , through scientific research , governmental , ngo and community based conservation projects and education . therefore , an innovative coalition of researchers , industry , local communities , governmental and non - governmental organizations has been established . the project also strives to promote and utilize only non - lethal research methods and to be as minimally invasive as possible .
the acoustic underwater receivers that have already been installed can also be used by other scientists doing research on other marine species , from fish to sea turtles . this means our project can help others happen in the future and may even allow to study the interaction among different marine species
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
atlantinkärppähai
to
paragaleus pectoralis ( garman , 1906 )
.
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elachista saccharella , the sugarcane leafminer moth , is a moth of the elachistidae family .

it is found in florida , and louisiana in the united states and in cuba .

the larvae feed on saccharum species .

they mine the leaves of their host plant .

elachista saccharella

elachista saccharella ( busck , 1934 ) is now recognized within the north american fauna .
kaila , lauri . 1999 . a revision of the nearctic species of the genus elachista s . l . iii . the bifasciella , praelineata , saccharella and freyerella groups ( lepidoptera , elachistidae ) . acta zoologica fennica 211 : 1 - 235 .
kaila , l . , 1999a . a revision of the nearctic species of elachista s . l . iii . the bifasciella , praelineata , saccharella and freyerella groups ( lepidoptera elachistidae ) . acta zool . fenn . 211 , 1 - 235 . [ links ]
a revision of the nearctic species of elachista s . 1 ii . , the argentella group ( lepidoptera : elachistidae )
elachista synethes meyrick , 1897 . 26 , pupa in dorsal , 27 , ventral and 28 , lateral views , respectively . scale bar = 300 μm .
kaila , l . , varalda , p . g . , 2004 . the elachista juliensis complex revisited ( elachistidae ) . nota lepidopterol . 27 , 217 - 237 . [ links ]
baran , t . , 2002 . elachista nolckeni šulcs , 1992 : morphology and bionomics of immature stages ( gelechioidea : elachistidae ) . nota lepidopterol . 25 , 97 - 107 . [ links ]
baran , t . , 2009 . the immature stages of elachista zonulae ( sruoga , 1992 ) ( lepidoptera : elachistidae ) . entomol . fenn . 20 , 239 - 244 . [ links ]
kaila , l . , 2011b . on species related to elachista pollutella duponchel ( lepidoptera , elachistidae ) , with descriptions of four new palaearctic species . entomol . fenn . 22 , 129 - 139 . [ links ]
kaila , l . , 2011a . a review of species related to elachista catalana parenti ( lepidoptera , elachistidae : elachistinae ) , with descriptions of two new species . entomol . fenn . 22 , 85 - 96 . [ links ]
sugisima , k . , kaila , l . , 2005 . japanese elachista mining on the leaf of woody poaceae ( lepidoptera : elachistidae s . str . ) . entomol . fenn . 16 , 83 - 102 . [ links ]
kaila , l . , sippola , l . , 2010 . elachista saarelai sp . n . ( lepidoptera elachistidae : elachistinae ) , a new species from southern finland . entomol . fenn . 21 , 129 - 138 . [ links ]
kaila , l . , sruoga , v . , 2014 . definition of the elachista puplesisi sruoga complex ( lepidoptera , gelechioidea , elachistidae ) , with description of a new species . zootaxa . 3821 , 583 - 589 . [ links ]
kaila , l . , ståhls , g . , 2006 . dna barcodes : evaluating the potential of coi to differentiate closely related species of elachista ( lepidoptera : gelechioidea : elachistidae ) from australia . zootaxa . 1170 , 1 - 26 . [ links ]
baran , t . , buszko , j . , 2005 . elachista baltica hering 1891 sp . rev . – a valid species of elachistidae from the baltic shore ( lepidoptera : gelechioidea ) . entomol . fenn . 16 , 9 - 18 . [ links ]
parenti , u . , 2005 . elachistid moths of the collection antonio curó and the pre - imaginal stages of elachista adscitella stainton and e . pollinariella zeller . riv . mus . civ . sc . nat . e . caffi . 24 , 3 - 9 . [ links ]
baran , t . , buszko , j . , 2010 . preimaginal stages and life history of elachista irenae buszko , 1989 ( insecta : lepidoptera : elachistidae ) – a local montane moth from central europe . ital . j . zool . 77 , 323 - 330 . [ links ]
elachista synethes meyrick , 1897 . first larval instar : 5 , general , dorsal view ; 6 , head , ventral ; 7 , mouth parts , ventral ; 8 , antenna , laterodorsal ; 9 , prothoracic spiracle , anterolateral . scale bars = 100 , 25 , 5 , 5 and 2 μm , respectively .
elachista synethes meyrick , 1897 . last larval instar : 10 , head chaetotaxy , frontal view ; 11 , thoracic and abdominal chaetotaxy , lateral view ; 12–13 , head and prothorax , dorsal and ventral views , respectively ( open arrows indicate prothoracic legs ) . scale bars = 150 , 300 , 200 and 200 μm , respectively .
elachista synethes meyrick , 1897 . egg : 1 , dorsolateral view ; 2 , chorionic cells showing location of aeropyles ( indicated by closed arrow in fig . 1 ) ; 3 , micropylar region ( indicated by open arrow in fig . 1 ) ; 4 , aeropyle in detail . scale bars = 50 , 10 , 5 and 1 μm , respectively .
elachista synethes was recently recognized as an alien species in northern chile , where its larvae mine the rescue grass bromus catharticus ( poaceae ) . in order to provide the necessary information to allow field detection of e . synethes during early ontogeny , we conducted a morphological reappraisal of the immature stages of this leaf - miner moth , based on light and scanning electron microscopy , including the first descriptions of the egg and the first - instar larva . this is the first report of the existence of an apodal early larva for a species of elachista treitschke . the legs and prolegs are absent in the first two instars , but are well developed in the last two . additional observations on the life history are also provided , including a description of the mine .
in relation to the thoracic and abdominal chaetotaxy of e . synethes , the closest pattern is found in elachista baltica hering , 1891 , as described by baran and buszko ( 2005 ) . this is interesting , as e . baltica belongs to the freyerella species group ( baran and buszko , 2005 ) , in which the synethes complex is included ( kaila , 2011c ) . apparently the d - group is absent in a10 of the two species ; the d - group may be unisetose or bisetose in species belonging to other groups of elachista ( baran , 2002 , 2009 ; baran and buszko , 2010 ) . however , the homology of the a10 setae should be carefully examined before any conclusion is attempted in this regard ( baran and buszko , 2005 ) .
transverse histological sections of leaf of bromus catharticus , showing the organization levels of mine of elachista synethes meyrick , 1897 in relation to larval ontogeny : 46 , first instar , initial , linear section of mine ; 47 , last instar , final , blotch section of mine . asterisks indicate leaf mines . ab abaxial surface of epidermis ; ad adaxial surface of epidermis ; me mesophyll ; ph phloem ; sc sclerenchyma ; xy xylem . scale bars = 150 and 400 μm , respectively .
the new information presented here , in particular that related to the first instar , highlights the importance of performing morphological studies with the early life stages of elachistid moths , for comparative purposes . a remarkable characteristic in e . synethes is the absence of legs and prolegs in the two early larval instars , contrasting with the presence of these structures in the two later instars . as far as we know , this pattern has not been reported elsewhere for the family . reduction of thoracic legs has been mentioned for some elachistid species ; and the absence of prothoracic legs was reported for the last instar of some australian members of elachista ( wagner , 1987 ; common , 1990 ) .
elachista synethes meyrick , 1897 . scanning electron micrographs of last larval instar : 14 , head , lateral view ; 15 , stemmata , lateral ; 16 , antenna , lateral ; 17 , head and prothorax , dorsal ; 18 , labrum and dorsal stemmata in detail , dorsal ; 19 , maxilla and labium , ventral ; 20 , prothorax , ventral ; 21 , detail of prothorax left portion , dorsal ; 22 , spiracle of abdominal segment a1 , lateral ; 23 , prothoracic leg , posterolateral ; 24 , proleg of abdominal segment a4 , ventral ; 25 , last abdominal segments , lateral . scale bars = 100 , 15 , 10 , 200 , 50 , 20 , 150 , 50 , 20 , 50 , 50 and 100 μm , respectively .
elachista synethes meyrick , 1897 . scanning electron micrographs of pupa : 29 , head and thorax , dorsal view ; 30 , head , anterior ; 31 , head , ventral ; 32 , mesothoracic lateral tubercles in detail , dorsal ; 33 , terga of abdominal segments a2 - 4 , dorsal view ; 34 , tergal ridges in detail , dorsal ; 35 , spiracle of abdominal segment a2 , lateral ; 36 , spiracle of abdominal segment a6 , dorsal ; 37–39 , last abdominal segments , in dorsal , ventral and lateral views , respectively ; 40 , cremaster setae on ninth abdominal segment , lateral . scale bars = 200 , 150 , 150 , 100 , 200 , 25 , 250 , 20 , 100 , 100 , 100 and 20 μm , respectively .
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contributed by maury j . heiman on 5 june , 2013 - 10 : 30am
memoirs of the american entomological society 13 : 1 - 110 , pl . 1 - 26 , 1948
phylogeny and feeding trait evolution of the mega - diverse gelechioidea ( lepidoptera : obtectomera ) . . .
by sohn , j . c . , j . c . regier , c . mitter , d . adamski , j . f . landry , m . heikkilä , k . t . park , t . harrison , k . mitter , a . zwick , a . y . kaw
sohn , j . c . , j . c . regier , c . mitter , d . adamski , j . f . landry , m . heikkilä , k . t . park , t . harrison , k . mitter , a . zwick , a . y . kawahara , s . cho , m . p . cummings & p . schmitz , 2016 . phylogeny and feeding trait evolution of the mega - diverse gelechioidea ( lepidoptera : obtectomera ) : new insight from 19 nuclear genes . systematic entomology , 41 ( 1 ) : 112–132 . abstract and link to fee based access here . cite : 1412991
descriptions of new species , including : isophrictis occidentalis , aristotelia amelanchierella , aristotelia planitia , gnorimoschema consueta , gnorimoschema macromaculata , gelechia fructuaria , gelechia prognosticata , brachmia casca . available online ( requires jstor access ) here
by heikkilä , m . , mutanen , m . , kekkonen , m . and kaila , l .
heikkilä , m . , m . mutanen , m . kekkonen & l . kaila , 2014 [ 2013 ] , morphology reinforces proposed molecular phylogenetic affinities : a revised classification for gelechioidea ( lepidoptera ) . cladistics , 30 : 563–589 . doi : 10 . 1111 / cla . 12064
as of 2015 , this was the most current revision of gelechioidea . a summary of the revision is found on p . 585 . as of 2016 , the phylogeny of gelechioidea remains in flux with a paper published by sohn et al . ( 2016 )
two new species of coniferous needle miners from louisiana and the description of a new genus ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) .
contributed by maury j . heiman on 2 october , 2014 - 12 : 44am
a review of coelopoeta ( elachistidae ) , with descriptions of two new species .
kaila , l . 1995 . a review of coelopoeta ( elachistidae ) , with descriptions of two new species . journal of the lepidopterists ' society 49 ( 2 ) : 171 - 178
contributed by maury j . heiman on 10 may , 2014 - 8 : 55pm
elachistidae is a family of gelechioidea moths , with 830 recognized species in three subfamilies , parametriotinae , agonoxeninae and elachistinae ( heikkilä et al . , 2014 ) . the cryptic life mode of many of these species is among the reasons that large numbers of elachistids are still waiting to be discovered and described , even from geographic areas where micro - moth faunas have been the subject of intensive taxonomic studies ( kaila and sippola , 2010 ) . they are collected relatively seldom in south america ( kaila , 1999b , 2000 ) .
thus , accurate description of e . synethes is important , not only to follow its eventual population expansion in chile , but also to detect new occurrences of this leaf - miner moth at other localities , if any . detailed morphological characterizations of the adult stage of e . synethes are already available , particularly for the male and female genitalia ( common , 1990 ; kaila , 2011c ; gonçalves et al . , 2015 ) . gross morphologies of the pupa , last - instar larva and the mature mine in holcus mollis l . , 1759 ( poacaeae ) were provided by kaila ( 2011c ) . here we provide a reappraisal of the external morphology of the immature stages of e . synethes , based on light and scanning electron microscopy , including the first descriptions of the egg and early larval instars . information on the life history is also provided , together with a detailed description of the leaf mine .
all the specimens used in this study were collected as either leaf - miner larvae or attached eggs and pupae , on b . catharticus in the azapa valley ( 18°31′s ; 070°10′w ) between june 2012 and august 2013 . the rearing was conducted in plastic vials at room temperature , in the departamento de recursos ambientales , facultad de ciencias agronómicas , universidad de tarapacá , arica , chile .
for observations of the gross morphology , the specimens were cleared in 10 % koh , dissected , and slide - mounted in either glycerin jelly or canada balsam ; chlorazol black was used to stain membranous structures . observations were performed with the aid of a leica m125 stereomicroscope , where structures selected to be drawn were photographed with an attached sony ® dsc - h10 digital camera ; or using an olympus bx51 microscope , where the selected structures were photographed with a qimaging™ micropublisher™ 3 . 3 rtv - digital camera . vectorized line drawings were then made with the software coreldraw ® x4 , using the corresponding digital images as a guide . measurements were made with an attached ocular micrometer ; unless noted , values are presented as mean ± standard deviation .
for scanning electron microscope examination , the specimens were dehydrated in a bal - tec™ cpd 030 critical - point dryer , mounted with double - sided tape on metal stubs , and coated with gold in a bal - tec scd050 sputter coater . they were then examined and photographed in a jeol jsm - 5800 scanning electron microscope at the centro de microscopia eletrônica ( cme ) of the federal university of rio grande do sul ( ufrgs ) , porto alegre , state of rio grande do sul , brazil .
descriptions of plant anatomy were based on diaphanized , field - collected leaf mines ( n = 5 ) from leaves of b . catharticus that were fixed in faa ( 37 % formaldehyde , glacial acetic acid , and 50 % ethanol , 1 : 1 : 18 , v / v ) , stained with toluidine blue ( aqueous solution : 0 . 05 g / 100 ml ) and mounted either whole or in freehand section in glycerin on slides , following a procedure described in detail by brito et al . ( 2012 ) .
in addition to those vouchers with their respective collection data and accession numbers listed by gonçalves et al . ( 2015 ) , the following slide preparations should be added as material examined in the present study [ all with the same data , deposited in the insect collection of the laboratório de morfologia e comportamento de insetos ( lmci ) , of the departamento de zoologia , ufrgs ] : five larvae mounted in glycerin jelly ( lmci 191 - 25a - e ) , and five mature leaf mines , mounted in glycerin ( lmci 191 - 25f - j ) .
dimensions ; n = 4 : length = 0 . 42 ± 0 . 02 mm ; width = 0 . 19 ± 0 . 01 mm . flat and elliptical , deposited with micropylar axis parallel to longitudinal leaf veins ( fig . 1 ) ; chorion translucent ; surface sculptured with slightly differentiated , broad ridges , forming elongated and poorly defined cells that are longitudinally arranged ( fig . 2 ) ; circular aeropyles at intersections of ridges ( figs . 2 and 4 ) ; micropylar area with 4–5 subcircular cells ( fig . 3 ) .
with two clearly different morphs : first and second instars without legs and prolegs ; third and fourth instars with a more typical eruciform appearance , with well - developed legs and prolegs .
dimensions ( n = 4 ) : length = 1 . 03 ± 0 . 04 mm ; head - capsule width = 0 . 10 ± 0 . 006 mm .
thorax ( figs . 5 and 9 ) : cream - white , setae extremely reduced or absent ; legs absent . prothorax : spiracle circular , without pronounced peritrema ; dorsal shield as narrow brownish band ; ventral surface with pair of brown circular blotches ; integument sculptured with broadly rounded coniform processes , mostly around spiracles , and forming broad transverse band on ventral surface near posterior margin ; one pair of callus - like structures laterodorsally and another pair of similar structures lateroventrally . meso - and metathorax : without spiracles ; coniform processes similar to those on prothorax , forming dorsal and ventral transverse bands ; one pair of callus - like structures laterodorsally and another ventrolaterally .
abdomen ( fig . 5 ) : cream - white , setae extremely reduced or absent ; prolegs absent ; circular spiracles with slightly developed peritreme , laterally on a1 - 8 ; ornamentation of integument similar to that on thorax but widely scattered , except near spiracles .
dimensions ( n = 6 ) : length = 4 . 81 ± 0 . 53 mm ; head - capsule width = 0 . 34 ± 0 . 02 mm .
head ( figs . 12 - 19 ) : prognathous , brown , slightly depressed ; frontoclypeus subtriangular , with lateral sides ca . three times length of anterior side ; six subcircular stemmata near lateral margin ( fig . 15 ) ; stemma 6 ventrally between setae s2 and s3 , stemma 5 hidden by antenna in dorsal view , stemmata 1–4 between seta a3 and antenna . antenna ( fig . 16 ) greatly reduced , bisegmented ; five sensilla on broad basal segment , two sensilla on narrow distal segment . mouthparts of chewing type ( figs . 18 and 19 ) ; labrum bilobed with ten short hairlike setae ; mandibles with three cusps .
abdomen ( figs . 24 and 25 ) : cream - white , integument slightly rough , provided with hairlike setae , and anal shield slightly differentiated ; one pair of circular spiracles laterally on a1 - 8 ; one pair of prolegs on segments a3 - 6 and a10 , each with 4–6 hooklike crochets arranged in transverse bars .
head : f group unisetose ; f1 ca . equidistant between epicranial notch and distal margin of frontoclypeus ; fa pore between f1 and distal margin of frontoclypeus ; c group replaced by small pores ; af group unisetose , af1 greatly reduced , near epicranial notch ; cd group trisetose , cd1 , cd2 and cd3 almost in straight line , cda pore between cd2 and cd3 ; a group bisetose , a1 absent , a2 between stemmata 2 and 3 and frontoclypeus , aa pore posteromedial to a2 , a3 proximal to stemma 1 ; p not represented by setae , pa pore medial to a3 , pb distomedial to cd1 ; l group unisetose , l1 a small seta posterolateral to a3 , la pore posterior to l1 ; s group bisetose , s2 posterolateral to stemma 6 , a pore between s2 and stemma 6 , s3 between stemmata 5 and 6 , sb pore between stemmata 3 and 4 ; mg group bisetose , both setae greatly reduced , near posterior margin of gena , mga pore between mg setae .
prothorax : d group bisetose , with d1 and d2 posterolaterally on dorsal shield ; xd group bisetose , with xd1 anterolaterally on dorsal shield , xd2 ventral to xd1 , outside of dorsal shield ; sd group bisetose , sd1 and sd2 ca . equidistant between xd2 and spiracle ; l group trisetose , l2 ventral to xd2 , l3 ca . equidistant between l2 and spiracle , l1 posteroventral to l2 ; sv group unisetose , sv1 posteroventral to l3 ; v group unisetose , v1 between coxa and ventral shield ; mv group bisetose , mv2 and mv3 on ventral shield , near lateral margin .
meso - and metathorax : d group bisetose , d2 posteroventral to d1 ; sd group unisetose , sd1 anteroventral to d2 ; l group trisetose , l2 anteroventral to sd1 , l1 posteroventral to l2 , l3 posterodorsal to l1 ; sv group unisetose , sv1 between l3 and coxa ; v group unisetose , v1 medial to coxa .
abdominal segment 1 ( a1 ) : d group bisetose , d1 greatly reduced , d2 posteroventral to d1 ; sd group bisetose , sd1 dorsal to spiracle , sd2 greatly reduced , anteroventral to sd1 ; l group bisetose , l1 posteroventral to spiracle , l3 anteroventral to l1 ; sv group bisetose , between l3 and v1 , sv3 anterior to sv1 ; v group unisetose .
abdominal segments 2 , 7 ( a2 , 7 ) : similar to a1 , except sd1 anterodorsal to spiracle , sd2 anteroventral to sd1 , and sv3 anteroventral to sv1 .
abdominal segments 3–6 ( a3 - 6 ) : similar to a2 , except sv group trisetose , inserted anterolaterally on proleg , v1 on medial surface of proleg .
abdominal segment 8 ( a8 ) : similar to a7 , except l and sv groups unisetose .
abdominal segment 9 ( a9 ) : d , l , sv and v groups bisetose , with d1 , l1 , sv1 and v1 almost in straight line .
abdominal segment 10 ( a10 ) : provided with 10 pairs of setae with uncertain identities ; one pair on anal shield , remaining nine pairs outside of dorsal shield .
dimensions ( n = 5 ) : length = 3 . 24 ± 0 . 23 mm . overall dark yellowish brown ( fig . 28 ) , occurring within a cocoon that is generally constructed on a leaf blade of b . catharticus .
head ( figs . 26 - 31 ) : integument with abundant tiny punctures , almost evenly distributed ; frons and eyes not separated by sutures , forming subrectangular area , anterior margin forming broad carina interrupted at middle , posterior margin slightly projected between galeae , tentorial pits near posterior margin ; vertex triangular , with two tubercle - like projections anteriorly , posterior margin with conspicuous carina . antennae narrow , elongated , reaching posterior margin of a5 . proboscis on ventral surface broad anteriorly , narrowing distally , reaching middle of a2 .
thorax ( figs . 26 - 29 , 31 - 32 ) : integument ornamented as on head . prothorax a narrow band between head and mesothorax . mesothorax mostly evident by forewings , pair of broad longitudinal carinae dorsally , and dorsolateral group of longitudinally arranged tubercle - like process ; tip of forewings reaching middle of a6 ; dorsal margin strongly sinuous between meso - and metathorax ; broad longitudinal carina along middle of metathorax ; hindwings mostly covered by forewings . forelegs lateral to proboscis , not reaching proboscis tip ; middle legs between forelegs and antennae , almost reaching posterior margin of a2 .
abdomen ( figs . 26 - 28 , 33 - 40 ) : integument ornamented as on head and thorax ; each segment with one dorsal longitudinal carina , one pair of dorsolateral carinae ( fig . 28 ) , and two transverse carinae ( figs . 33 and 34 ) , one on anterior margin , another on posterior margin ; spiracles of a1 not visible , spiracles a2 - 7 at tip of coniform projection ( figs . 35 and 36 ) ; spiracle of a8 greatly reduced ; group of elongated , hooklike setae ( figs . 37 - 40 ) ventrolaterally on broadly rounded outgrowths on a9 - 10 , an additional group of similar setae ventrally at middle on a10 ; posterior half of a10 coniform ( figs . 37 - 39 ) , with broadly rounded tip .
the pupa has no silken girdle , remaining attached to the substrate by the hooklike setae of abdominal segments a9 - 10 .
as far as we know , this is the first description of the chaetotaxy for a species of the synethes complex , and the information presented here may be useful in future comparative studies of this species complex . many setae are absent on the cephalic head capsule of e . synethes larvae compared with those of stephensia , another genus of elachistinae for which the chaetotaxy has been described ( baran , 2010 ) . for instance , all setae from the c - group were replaced by pores in e . synethes , but c1 is present in stephensia ; also , setae of the p - group are absent in e . synethes , whereas this group is bisetose in stephensia .
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* corresponding author . e - mail : gilson . moreira @ urltoken ( g . r . p . moreira ) .
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anarsia tortuosella is a moth in the family gelechiidae .

it was described by amsel in 1967 .

it is found in pakistan and afghanistan .

anarsia tortuosella

this is the place for tortuosella definition . you find here tortuosella meaning , synonyms of tortuosella and images for tortuosella copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word tortuosella . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word tortuosella and , of course , tortuosella synonyms and on the right images related to the word tortuosella .
ananarsia tortuosella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
anarsia tortuosella amsel , 1967 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 26 ( 3 ) : 19 ; tl : chingi , salt range , w pakistan
anarsia chiangmaiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia conica ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia lewvanichae ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia melanoplecta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia procera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia spatulana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia eleagnella kuznetsov , 1957 ; zool . zhurn . 36 ( 7 ) : 1096
anarsia ulneongensis park & ponomarenko , 1996 ; korean j . ent . 26 : 343
anarsia asymmetrodes park , 2014 ; ent . res . 44 : 18 ; tl : baengnyeongdo
anarsia callicosma janse , 1960 ; moths s . afr . 6 ( 2 ) : 214
anarsia pinnata meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 69
anarsia pustulata janse , 1949 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 1 ) : 32
anarsia ulneongensis ; ueda , 2010 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 61 : 275
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anarsia amegarta meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 360 ; tl : java
anarsia hippocoma meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 429 ; tl : queensland
anarsia sibirica ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56 ; [ fe ]
anarsia vinsonella viette , 1957 ; mém . inst . sci . madagascar ( e ) 8 : 163
anarsia altercata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia amegarta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia eburnella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia ephippias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia epotias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia eutacta meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 163 ; tl : java , pekalongan
anarsia eutacta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia geminella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia halimodendri ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia libanoticella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia longipalpella rebel , 1907 ; denksch . akad . wiss . wien . 71 ( 2 ) : 124
anarsia melanchropa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia nuristanella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia omoptila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia sthenarota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia veruta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia aleurodes meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : mesopotamia , museyib
anarsia altercata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 148 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia crassipalpella legrand , 1966 ; mém . mus . hist . nat . paris ( a ) 37 : 78
anarsia ephippias meyrick , 1908 ; ent . mon . mag . 44 : 197 ; tl : pusa , bengal
anarsia euphorodes meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 503 ; tl : china , shanghai
anarsia inserta [ sic , recte incerta ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia luticostella chrétien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 332 ; tl : biskra
anarsia nigrimacula janse , 1949 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 1 ) : 29 ; tl : umkomaas
anarsia reciproca meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 300 ; tl : madras , coimbatore
anarsia retamella chrétien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 331 ; tl : gafsa
anarsia sthenarota meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 153 ; tl : mt murud , 6500ft
anarsia triglypta meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 354 ; tl : pusa , bihar
anarsia veruta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 148 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia didymopa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 583 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia epotias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 583 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia idioptila meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 582 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia mitescens meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 299 ; tl : barberton
anarsia sagmatica meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 582 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia albibasella janse , 1963 ; moths s . afr . 6 ( 3 ) : 253 ; tl : sw . africa
anarsia amalleuta meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 298 ; tl : three sisters
anarsia anthracaula meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 512 ; tl : new hebrides , efate
anarsia beitunica li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia bimaculata ponomarenko , 1989 ; ent . obozr . 68 ( 3 ) : 635 ; tl : gomotaezhnoe , primorskii krai
anarsia choana park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 61 ; tl : taipei co . , taiwan
anarsia decora li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia elongata park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 64 ; tl : taichung co . , taiwan
anarsia eximia li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia largimacularis li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia magnibimaculata li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia melanchropa meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 281 ; tl : india , dehra dun
anarsia novitricornis li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia omoptila meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 147 ; tl : s . india , coimbatore
anarsia sibirica park & ponomarenko , 1996 ; acta zool . hung . 42 ( 1 ) : 78 ; tl : novosibirsk
anarsia squamerecta li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia balioneura meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 79 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali
anarsia eburnella christoph , 1887 ; in romanoff , mém . lépid . 3 : 122 , pl . 5 , f . 14
anarsia libanoticella amsel , 1967 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 26 ( 3 ) : 21 ; tl : lebanon
anarsia sciotona meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353 ; tl : cape colony , east london
anarsia spartiella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56 ; [ fe ]
anarsia spicata meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 21 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria
anarsia subfulvescens meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 21 ; tl : natal , umkomaas
anarsia acaciae walsingham , 1896 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1896 : 278 ; tl : sw . arabia , aden
anarsia anisodonta diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 14
anarsia arachniota meyrick , 1925 ; bull . soc . ent . egypte 9 ( 1 - 3 ) : 210 ; tl : egypt
anarsia carbonaria meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 299 ; tl : barberton , waterval onder
anarsia chaonella park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 61 ; tl : taiwan , tapei co . , taihoku
anarsia incerta ueda , 1997 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 48 ( 2 ) : 80 ; tl : ryukyus , japan
anarsia permissa meyrick , 1926 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 23 : 331 ; tl : sw . africa , windhoek
anarsia triaenota meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 169 ; tl : gooty
anarsia citromitra meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 80 ; tl : portuguese east africa , magude
anarsia geminella amsel , 1967 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 26 ( 3 ) : 18 ; tl : herat , afghanistan
anarsia nigricana park , 1991 ; jpn . j . ent . 59 ( 3 ) : 494 ; tl : suweon , gyunggi prov .
anarsia vectaria meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 21 ; tl : natal , sarnia ; umkomaas
anarsia aspera park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 57 ; tl : taiwan , orchid is . , 4km sw hungta
anarsia isogona meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 169 ; tl : nilgiris , 3500ft
anarsia melanoplecta meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 774 ; tl : pusa , bengal
anarsia pensilis meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 168 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
anarsia sagittaria meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 774 ; tl : pusa , bengal
anarsia nimbosa meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 300 ; tl : three sisters , pretoria , waterval onder
anarsia nimbosa ; meyrick , 1921 , ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 79 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
anarsia acerata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 169 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft
anarsia acrotoma meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 169 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft
anarsia lechriosema bradley , 1982 ; j . nat . hist . 16 ( 3 ) : 375 ; tl : norfolk i . , mt bates , 290m
anarsia stylota meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 168 ; tl : maskeliya and patipola , ceylon
anarsia semnopa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 79 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali ; portuguese east africa , magude
anarsia psammobia falkovitsh & bidzilya , 2003 ; proc . zool . mus . kiev nat . taras shevchenko univ . 1 ( 1 ) : ( 113 - 147 )
anarsia tricornis meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 168 ; tl : maskeliya , perdeniya and haldamulla , ceylon
anarsia arsenopa meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . lép . 2 : 72 ; tl : british east africa , nairobi forest
anarsia epiula meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 418 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
anarsia gajiensis park & ponomarenko , 1996 ; acta zool . hung . 42 ( 1 ) : 75 ; tl : mt gaji - san , gyungnam prov . , korea
anarsia leucophora meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 417 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales
anarsia ovula ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56 ; park & bae , 2018 , zootaxa 4399 ( 2 ) : ( 272 - 280 )
anarsia paraisogona ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56 ; park & bae , 2018 , zootaxa 4399 ( 2 ) : ( 272 - 280 )
anarsia protensa park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 60 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , mei - feng , 30km s tayuling , 2200m
anarsia tortuosa ; ueda , 1997 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 48 ( 2 ) : 90 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia halimodendri christoph , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 12 ( 3 ) : 297 , ( 4 ) pl . 8 , f . 69 ; tl : turkmenistan
anarsia inculta walsingham , 1891 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1891 ( 1 ) : 112 , pl . 5 , f . 49 ; tl : bathurst , gambia
anarsia nigricana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55 ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )
anarsia nuristanella amsel , 1967 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 26 ( 3 ) : 19 , pl . 6 , f . 1 ; tl : nuristan , afghanistan
anarsia silvosa ueda , 1997 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 48 ( 2 ) : 88 ; tl : japan , honshu , oita pref . , shonai town , shiramiz
anarsia minutella ; sattler , 1976 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 34 ( 2 ) : 140 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ]
anarsia stepposella ponomarenko , 2002 ; far east . ent . 115 : 2 ; tl : russia , tuva republic , 50°44 ' n 93°08 ' e , east tannu ola mts , irbitei , 1000m
anarsia taurella bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 134 , pl . 5 , f . 14 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
anarsia ulmarata bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 134 , pl . 5 , f . 15 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
anarsia phortica meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 167 ; tl : maskeliya , kegalle , haldamulla and undugoda , ceylon ; n . coorg ; kuching , borneo
anarsia malagasyella viette , 1968 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 37 ( 2 ) : 89 ; tl : madagascar , env maroantsetra , forest station farankaraina , route navana , km 16 , 5 , antoroka valley , 100m
anarsia choana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54 ; ueda , 2010 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 61 : 272 ; park & bae , 2018 , zootaxa 4399 ( 2 ) : ( 272 - 280 )
anarsia molybdota meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 417 ; tl : toowoomba , queensland ; sydney , new south wales ; gisborne , victoria ; carnarvon , perth and york , west australia
anarsia bimaculata ; park , 1991 , jpn . j . ent . 59 ( 3 ) : 496 ; ueda , 1997 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 48 ( 2 ) : 86 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54 ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 113
larva on ( in seed pods ) acacia edgworthii , a . farnesiana walsingham , 1896 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1896 : 279
ananarsia acerata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 50
ananarsia acrotoma ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
ananarsia aleurodes ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
larva on albizzia sp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
chelaria antisaris meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 297 ; tl : barberton
ananarsia arachniota ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
ananarsia aspera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
chelaria austerodes meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 22 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria
ananarsia belutschistanella amsel , 1959 ; stuttgart . beitr . naturk . 28 : 33 ; tl : baluchistan , iran
ananarsia belutschistanella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
japan , korea , primorye , china ( jilin ) . see [ maps ]
larva on maackia amurensis ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
chelaria bipinnata meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 200 ; tl : gifu , japan
ananarsia bipinnata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
larva on elaeagnus multiflora , e . umbellata , acer ginnala , quercus sp . ueda , 1997 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 48 ( 2 ) : 83
nothris centrospila turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 165 ; tl : qeensland , brisbane
ananarsia didymopa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
romania , s . ukraine , seeu , altai , transcaucasia , turkmenistan , kazakhstan , afghanistan . see [ maps ]
ananarsia eleagnella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
ananarsia elongata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
larva on arachis hypogaea ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
chelaria eriozona meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 80 ; tl : british s . e . africa , bela vista ; portuguese east africa , magude
ananarsia euphorodes ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
ananarsia gajiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52 ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )
guiera bradley , 1969 ; bull . ent . res . 59 ( 1 ) : 79
larva on halimodendron eichvaldii ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
ananarsia idioptila ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
s . india , laos , china ( zhejiang , yunnan ) , taiwan , japan . see [ maps ]
larva on schima sp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
ceu , seu , asia minor , n . africa , syria , caucasus , transcaucasia , afghanistan , china , india , australia , . . . . see [ maps ]
larva on prunus spp . , p . avium , p . spinosa , p . domestica , p . insititia
larva on prunus spinosa , malus spp . , amerniaca spp . , persica spp . , cerasus spp . , amygdalus spp . , acer tataricum ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
nothris minutella turati , 1929 ; boll . lab . zool . portici 23 : 124 , f . 4
larva on glycine max park , 1991 , jpn . j . ent . 59 ( 3 ) : 495
larva on cajanus indicus meyrick , 1918 , exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 147
s . india , ceylon , laos , thailand , shanghai , taiwan , queensland . see [ maps ]
gelechia patulella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 635 ; tl : ceylon
larva on prunus salicina , nephelium sp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
ananarsia pensilis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
s . india , ceylon , thailand , laos , borneo . see [ maps ]
ananarsia protensa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
larva on elaeagnus pungens ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
ananarsia reciproca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
ananarsia sagittaria ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
ananarsia sagmatica ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
chelaria sciograpta meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 80 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria
larva on ( in fruit ) mimusops capensis meyrick , 1927 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353
seu , ceu , sw . siberia , transbaikalia , libya , asia minor , mongolia . see [ maps ]
larva on sarothamnus scoparius , genista tinctoria , lembotropis nigrans , ulex spp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
ananarsia stylota ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
chelaria tortuosa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 165 ; tl : matale , ceylon
ananarsia triaenota ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
ananarsia triglypta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
larva on inga dulcis ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
microlepidoptera from the solomon islands . additional records and descriptions of microlepidoptera collected in the solomon islands by the rennell island expedition 1953 - 54
microlepidoptera of new guinea , results of the third archbold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv
voyage de ch . alluaud et r . jeannel en afrique orientale ( 1911 - 1812 ) . résultats scientifique . insectes lépidoptères . 2 . microlepidoptera in alluaud & jeannel ,
in la faune entomologique de i ' ile de lar réunion . lépidoptères ( excepté les tordeuses et les géométrides )
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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