the buka island mosaic-tailed rat or buka island melomys ( melomys spechti ) is a species of rat in oceania .

it is endemic to buka island , in the autonomous region of bougainville in northeastern papua new guinea .

buka island mosaic - tailed rat

dusky mosaic - tailed rat ( m . aerosus ) • rossel island mosaic - tailed rat ( m . arcium ) • bannister ' s rat ( m . bannisteri ) • bougainville mosaic - tailed rat ( m . bougainville ) • grassland mosaic - tailed rat ( m . burtoni ) • cape york mosaic - tailed rat ( m . capensis ) • short - tailed mosaic - tailed rat ( m . caurinus ) • fawn - footed mosaic - tailed rat ( m . cervinipes ) • yamdena island mosaic - tailed rat ( m . cooperae ) • dollman ' s mosaic - tailed rat ( m . dollmani ) • manusela mosaic - tailed rat ( m . fraterculus ) • snow mountains grassland mosaic - tailed rat ( m . frigicola ) • seram long - tailed mosaic - tailed rat ( m . fulgens ) • riama island mosaic - tailed rat ( m . howi ) • white - bellied mosaic - tailed rat ( m . leucogaster ) • papua grassland mosaic - tailed rat ( m . lutillus ) • manus island mosaic - tailed rat ( m . matambuai ) • obi mosaic - tailed rat ( m . obiensis ) • pavel ' s seram mosaic - tailed rat ( m . paveli ) • bramble cay mosaic - tailed rat ( m . rubicola ) • black - tailed mosaic - tailed rat ( m . rufescens ) • buka island mosaic - tailed rat ( m . spechti ) • long - tailed talaud mosaic - tailed rat ( m . talaudium )
large - scaled mosaic - tailed rat ( m . lanosus ) • large mosaic - tailed rat ( m . rattoides )
gressit ' s mosaic - tailed rat ( p . gressitti ) • long - nosed mosaic - tailed rat ( p . levipes ) • lorentz ' s mosaic - tailed rat ( p . lorentzii ) • thomas ' s mosaic - tailed rat ( p . mollis ) • moncton ' s mosaic - tailed rat ( p . moncktoni ) • p . naso • lowland mosaic - tailed rat ( p . platyops ) • mountain mosaic - tailed rat ( p . rubex ) • p . steini
poncelet ' s giant rat ( s . ponceleti ) • florida naked - tailed rat ( s . salamonis ) • bougainville naked - tailed rat ( s . salebrosus ) • isabel naked - tailed rat ( s . sapientis ) • buka island naked - tailed rat ( s . spriggsarum )
large - toothed hairy - tailed rat ( b . dentatus ) • luzon hairy - tailed rat ( b . granti ) • hamiguitan hairy - tailed rat ( b . hamiguitan ) • dinagat hairy - tailed rat ( b . russatus ) • mindanao hairy - tailed rat ( b . salomonseni )
bunn ' s short - tailed bandicoot rat ( n . bunnii ) • short - tailed bandicoot rat ( n . indica )
sundaic mountain long - tailed giant rat ( l . ciliatus ) • edwards ' s long - tailed giant rat ( l . edwardsi ) • millet ' s long - tailed giant rat ( l . milleti ) • neill ' s long - tailed giant rat ( l . neilli ) • long - tailed giant rat ( l . sabanus ) • mentawai long - tailed giant rat ( l . siporanus )
dinagat bushy - tailed cloud rat ( c . australis ) • giant bushy - tailed cloud rat ( c . schadenbergi ) • panay cloudrunner ( c . heaneyi ) • ilin island cloudrunner ( c . paulus )
giant naked - tailed rat ( u . anak ) • biak giant rat ( u . boeadii ) • giant white - tailed rat ( u . caudimaculatus ) • emma ' s giant rat ( u . emmae ) • masked white - tailed rat ( u . hadrourus ) • bismarck giant rat ( u . neobritanicus ) • king rat ( u . rex ) • great key island giant rat ( u . siebersi )
the fawn - footed mosaic - tailed rat , or fawn - footed melomys ( melomys cervinipes ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae . it is found only in australia .
long - tailed shrew rat ( t . macrocercus ) • tate ' s shrew rat ( t . rhinogradoides )
this poorly - known species has been recorded from the islands of bougainville and buka in papua new guinea , and from choiseul island in the solomon islands . the elevational range of the species is unknown .
nilgiri long - tailed tree mouse ( v . nilagirica ) • nolthenius ' s long - tailed climbing mouse ( v . nolthenii ) • asiatic long - tailed climbing mouse ( v . oleracea )
southern giant slender - tailed cloud rat ( p . cumingi ) • northern luzon giant cloud rat ( p . pallidus )
palawan pencil - tailed tree mouse ( c . calamianensis ) • indomalayan pencil - tailed tree mouse ( c . gliroides ) • koopman ' s pencil - tailed tree mouse ( c . karlkoopmani ) • large pencil - tailed tree mouse ( c . major ) • gray - bellied pencil - tailed tree mouse ( c . muroides ) • small pencil - tailed tree mouse ( c . pusillus )
loring ' s rat ( t . loringi ) • black - tailed tree rat ( t . nigricauda ) • acacia rat ( t . paedulcus ) • shortridge ' s rat ( t . shortridgei )
cutch rat ( c . cutchicus ) • elvira rat ( c . elvira )
defua rat ( d . defua ) • ivory coast rat ( d . eburneae )
anderson ' s white - bellied rat ( n . andersoni ) • brahma white - bellied rat ( n . brahma ) • cameron highlands white - bellied rat ( n . cameroni ) • chinese white - bellied rat ( n . confucianus ) • coxing ' s white - bellied rat ( n . coninga ) • dark - tailed tree rat ( n . cremoriventer ) • oldfield white - bellied rat ( n . culturatus ) • smoke - bellied rat ( n . eha ) • large white - bellied rat ( n . excelsior ) • montane sumatran white - bellied rat ( n . fraternus ) • chestnut white - bellied rat ( n . fulvescens ) • limestone rat ( n . hinpoon ) • lang bian white - bellied rat ( n . langbianis ) • narrow - tailed white - bellied rat ( n . lepturus ) • hainan white - bellied rat ( n . lotipes ) • white - bellied rat ( n . niviventer ) • long - tailed mountain rat ( n . rapit ) • tenasserim white - bellied rat ( n . tenaster )
red tree rat ( p . melanurus ) • malayan tree rat ( p . parvus )
bagobo rat ( b . bagobus ) • camiguin forest rat ( b . gamay ) • lagre luzon forest rat ( b . luzonicus )
salokko rat ( t . arcuatus ) • lovely - haired rat ( t . callitrichus ) • celebes rat ( t . celebensis ) • sulawesi montane rat ( t . hamatus ) • small - eared rat ( t . microbullatus ) • sulawesi forest rat ( t . punicans ) • tondano rat ( t . taerae )
banahao shrew rat ( r . banahao ) • isarog shrewlike rat ( r . isarogensis ) • mount data shrew rat ( r . soricoides ) • tapulao shrew rat ( r . tapulao )
central sulawesi spiny rat ( e . centrosa ) • sulawesi spiny rat ( e . leucura )
delacour ' s marmoset rat ( h . delacouri ) • marmoset rat ( h . longicaudatus )
common rock rat ( z . argurus ) • arnhem land rock rat ( z . maini ) • carpentarian rock rat ( z . palatilis ) • central rock rat ( z . pedunculatus ) • kimberley rock rat ( z . woodwardi )
muennink ' s spiny rat ( t . muenninki ) • ryukyu spiny rat ( t . osimensis ) • tokunoshima spiny rat ( t . tokunoshimensis )
beccari ' s margareta rat ( m . beccarii ) • elegant margareta rat ( m . elegans ) • little margareta rat ( m . parvus )
lesser bandicoot rat ( b . bengalensis ) • greater bandicoot rat ( b . indica ) • savile ' s bandicoot rat ( b . savilei )
abyssinian grass rat ( a . abyssinicus ) • sudanian grass rat ( a . ansorgei ) • blick ' s grass rat ( a . blicki ) • nairobi grass rat ( a . nairobae ) • neumann ' s grass rat ( a . neumanni ) • african grass rat ( a . niloticus ) • guinean grass rat ( a . rufinus )
harrington ' s rat ( d . harringtoni ) • yalden ' s rat ( d . yaldeni )
northern water rat ( p . rufilatus ) • short - haired water rat ( p . wilhelmina )
gray - bellied mountain rat ( l . bryophilus ) • mindanao mountain rat ( l . sibuanus )
sloggett ' s vlei rat ( m . sloggetti ) • bush vlei rat ( m . unisulcatus )
mirza’s western moss rat ( m . louiseae ) • mirza’s eastern moss rat ( m . norahae )
angolan vlei rat ( o . anchietae ) • angoni vlei rat ( o . angoniensis ) • barbour ' s vlei rat ( o . barbouri ) • burton ' s vlei rat ( o . burtoni ) • cuanza vlei rat ( o . cuanzensis ) • ruwenzori vlei rat ( o . dartmouthi ) • dent ' s vlei rat ( o . denti ) • dollman ' s vlei rat ( o . dollmani ) • southern african vlei rat ( o . irroratus ) • mount elgon vlei rat ( o . jacksoni ) • tanzanian vlei rat ( o . lacustris ) • laminate vlei rat ( o . laminatus ) • large vlei rat ( o . maximus ) • western vlei rat ( o . occidentalis ) • afroalpine vlei rat ( o . orestes ) • saunder ' s vlei rat ( o . saundersiae ) • tropical vlei rat ( o . tropicalis ) • typical vlei rat ( o . typus ) • uzungwe vlei rat ( o . uzungwensis )
luzon striped rat ( c . whiteheadi ) • mindoro striped rat ( c . mindorensis ) • isarog striped shrew - rat ( c . gonzalesi ) • blazed luzon shrew rat ( c . silaceus ) • sibuyan striped shrew rat ( c . sibuyanensis )
arid thicket rat ( g . aridulus ) • g . brevirostris • bunting ' s thicket rat ( g . buntingi ) • gray - headed thicket rat ( g . caniceps ) • mozambique thicket rat ( g . cometes ) • woodland thicket rat ( g . dolichurus ) • forest thicket rat ( g . dryas ) • giant thicket rat ( g . gigas ) • ruwenzori thicket rat ( g . ibeanus ) • eastern rainforest thicket rat ( g . kuru ) • macmillan ' s thicket rat ( g . macmillani ) • ethiopian thicket rat ( g . minnae ) • shining thicket rat ( g . poensis )
mountain water rat ( b . habbema ) • shaw mayer ' s water rat ( b . shawmayeri )
kemp ' s thicket rat ( t . kempi ) • hatt ' s thicket rat ( t . major ) • charming thicket rat ( t . venustus )
andrew ' s hill rat ( b . andrewsi ) • yellow - haired hill rat ( b . chrysocomus ) • heavenly hill rat ( b . coelestis ) • fraternal hill rat ( b . fratrorum ) • heinrich ' s hill rat ( b . heinrichi ) • inland hill rat ( b . penitus ) • long - headed hill rat ( b . prolatus )
long - footed rat ( t . apoensis ) • spiny long - footed rat ( t . echinatus )
mountain spiny rat ( m . alticola ) • small spiny rat ( m . baeodon ) • bartels ' s spiny rat ( m . bartelsii ) • dollman ' s spiny rat ( m . dollmani ) • hellwald ' s spiny rat ( m . hellwaldii ) • sumatran spiny rat ( m . hylomyoides ) • malayan mountain spiny rat ( m . inas ) • fat - nosed spiny rat ( m . inflatus ) • mo ' s spiny rat ( m . moi ) • musschenbroek ' s spiny rat ( m . musschenbroekii ) • chestnut - bellied spiny rat ( m . ochraceiventer ) • pagai spiny rat ( m . pagensis ) • palawan spiny rat ( m . panglima ) • rajah spiny rat ( m . rajah ) • red spiny rat ( m . surifer ) • watts ' s spiny rat ( m . wattsi ) • whitehead ' s spiny rat ( m . whiteheadi )
ethiopian white - footed mouse ( s . albipes ) • ethiopian narrow - headed rat ( s . albocaudata ) • gray - tailed narrow - headed rat ( s . griseicauda ) • rupp ' s mouse ( s . ruppi )
mountain giant sunda rat ( s . infraluteus ) • bartels ' s rat ( s . maxi ) • müller ' s giant sunda rat ( s . muelleri )
glover allen ' s shaggy rat ( d . alleni ) • crawford - cabral ' s shaggy rat ( d . cabrali ) • fox ' s shaggy rat ( d . foxi ) • african marsh rat ( d . incomtus ) • montane shaggy rat ( d . montanus ) • angolan marsh rat ( d . nudipes ) • robert ' s shaggy rat ( d . robertsii ) • west african shaggy rat ( d . rufulus ) • rwandan shaggy rat ( d . rwandae ) • d . shortridgei • tanzanian shaggy rat ( d . sua )
manipur bush rat ( h . humei ) • h . loujacobsi • yunnan bush rat ( h . yunnanensis )
common rufous - nosed rat ( o . hypoxanthus ) • ghana rufous - nosed rat ( o . ornatus )
lesser small - toothed rat ( m . elegans ) • eastern small - toothed rat ( m . major )
lesser stick - nest rat ( l . apicalis ) • greater stick - nest rat ( l . conditor )
brants ' s whistling rat ( p . brantsii ) • littledale ' s whistling rat ( p . littledalei )
cansdale ' s swamp rat ( m . cansdalei ) • edward ' s swamp rat ( m . edwardsi ) • big - eared swamp rat ( m . longipes )
de vis ' s woolly rat ( m . aroaensis ) • alpine woolly rat ( m . gunung ) • subalpine woolly rat ( m . istapantap ) • rothschild ' s woolly rat ( m . rothschildi ) • bosavi woolly rat ( m . sp . nov . ) • arfak woolly rat ( m . sp . nov . ) • foja woolly rat ( m . sp . nov . )
black - footed tree - rat ( m . gouldii ) • golden - backed tree rat ( m . macrurus )
bocage ' s rock rat ( a . bocagei ) • red rock rat ( a . chrysophilus ) • grant ' s rock rat ( a . ( micaelamys ) granti ) • hinde ' s rock rat ( a . hindei ) • tete veld aethomys ( a . ineptus ) • kaiser ' s rock rat ( a . kaiseri ) • namaqua rock rat ( a . ( micaelamys ) namaquensis ) • nyika rock rat ( a . nyikae ) • silinda rock rat ( a . silindensis ) • tinfields rock rat ( a . stannarius ) • thomas ' s rock rat ( a . thomasi )
short - footed luzon tree rat ( c . melanurus ) • white - bellied luzon tree rat ( c . phaeurus )
western white - eared giant rat ( h . dammermani ) • eastern white - eared giant rat ( h . goliath )
sand - colored soft - furred rat ( m . gleadowi ) • miss ryley ' s soft - furred rat ( m . kathleenae ) • kondana soft - furred rat ( m . kondana ) • soft - furred rat ( m . meltada )
small white - toothed rat ( b . berdmorei ) • bower ' s white - toothed rat ( b . bowersi ) • kenneth ' s white - toothed rat ( b . mackenziei ) • manipur white - toothed rat ( b . manipulus )
celebes shrew rat ( c . celebensis ) • northern luzon shrew rat ( c . fallax ) • mindanao shrew rat ( c . melanius ) • katanglad shrew mouse ( c . suncoides )
rakali ( h . chrysogaster ) • western water rat ( h . hussoni ) • new britain water rat ( h . neobrittanicus ) • ziegler ' s water rat ( h . ziegleri )
bell groove - toothed swamp rat ( p . campanae ) • creek groove - toothed swamp rat ( p . fallax ) • hopkins ' s groove - toothed swamp rat ( p . hopkinsi ) • issel ' s groove - toothed swamp rat ( p . isseli ) • least groove - toothed swamp rat ( p . minor )
l . arfakensis • long - footed water rat ( l . elegans ) • ernst mayr ' s water rat ( l . ernstmayri ) • l . paulus • fly river water rat ( l . signatus )
this text was originally published in the book terrestrial ecoregions of the indo - pacific : a conservation assessment from island press . this assessment offers an in - depth analysis of the biodiversity and conservation status of the indo - pacific ' s ecoregions .
champion ' s tree mouse ( p . championi ) • d ' entrecasteaux archipelago tree mouse ( p . fergussoniensis ) • large tree mouse ( p . loriae ) • chestnut tree mouse ( p . macrourus ) • prehensile - tailed rat ( p . mollipilosus ) • gray - bellied tree mouse ( p . sylvestris )
justification of ecoregion delineation distinct island groups were placed in their own ecoregions : the solomon islands rain forests [ aa0119 ] and the vanuatu rain forests [ aa0126 ] . we followed stattersfield et al . ( 1998 ) in delineating these ecoregions . mackinnon ( 1997 ) did not extend his assessment beyond the island of bougainville in the solomon islands . however , we followed bouchet et al . ( 1995 ) and separated the distinctive dry forests in new caledonia from the moist forests to delineate the new caledonia rain forests [ aa0113 ] and the new caledonia dry forests [ aa0202 ] . stattersfield et al . ( 1998 ) did not show this distinction .
davis et al . ( 1995 ) identified two centres of plant diversity on bougainville island : mt . balbi to southern coast , containing the largest stands of bamboo forest in papuasia and remnant stands of terminalia brassii , and mt . takuan - tonolei harbour , containing natural stands of terminalia brassii and more than 1 , 000 vascular plant species .
the solomon islands rain forests [ aa0119 ] are true oceanic islands with high vertebrate endemism , including single - island endemics , restricted - range mammals , and an astounding sixty - nine bird species found nowhere else in the world . large areas of naturally restricted lowlands below 400 m either have been or are under threat of logging or clearance for subsistence agriculture . introduced cats have eliminated most native mammals on guadalcanal .
turkestan rat ( rattus pyctoris ; obs . rattus turkestanicus ) – afghanistan , china , india , iran , kyrgyzstan , nepal , and pakistan
hendrickson , r . ( 1983 ) more cunning than man : a complete history of the rat and its role in civilization , kensington books . isbn 1 - 57566 - 393 - 7 .
matthews , i . ( 1898 ) . full revelations of a professional rat - catcher , after 25 years’ experience . 1st ed . manchester : friendly societies printing co . isbn 1 - 905124 - 64 - 3 .
bishop moss - mouse ( p . berniceae ) • huon smalltoothed moss - mouse ( p . carlae ) • laurie’s moss - mouse ( p . eleanorae ) • one - toothed shrew - mouse ( p . ellermani ) • mottled - tailed shrew mouse ( p . fuscus ) • german ' s one - toothed moss mouse ( p . germani ) • eastern shrew mouse ( p . murinus ) • musser ' s shrew mouse ( p . musseri ) • western shrew mouse ( p . occidentalis ) • woolley’s moss - mouse ( p . patriciae ) • southern small - toothed moss - mouse ( p . pumehanae ) • white - bellied moss - mouse ( p . sandrae )
ash - grey mouse ( p . albocinereus ) • silky mouse ( p . apodemoides ) • plains rat ( p . australis ) • bolam ' s mouse ( p . bolami ) • kakadu pebble - mound mouse ( p . calabyi ) • western pebble - mound mouse ( p . chapmani ) • little native mouse ( p . delicatulus ) • desert mouse ( p . desertor ) • shark bay mouse ( p . fieldi ) • smoky mouse ( p . fumeus ) • eastern chestnut mouse ( p . gracilicaudatus ) • sandy inland mouse ( p . hermannsburgensis ) • long - tailed mouse ( p . higginsi ) • central pebble - mound mouse ( p . johnsoni ) • western chestnut mouse ( p . nanus ) • new holland mouse ( p . novaehollandiae ) • western mouse ( p . occidentalis ) • hastings river mouse ( p . oralis ) • country mouse ( p . patrius ) • pilliga mouse ( p . pilligaensis ) • heath mouse ( p . shortridgei )
jahn , g . c . , p . cox , s . mak , and n . chhorn ( 1999 )
farmer participatory research on rat management in cambodia
, in g . singleton , l . hinds , h . leirs and zhibin zhang [ eds . ] ecologically - based rodent management aciar , canberra . ch . 17 , pp . 358–371 . isbn 1 - 86320 - 262 - 5 .
p . coetzeei • dalton ' s mouse ( p . daltoni ) • de graaff ' s soft - furred mouse ( p . degraaffi ) • delectable soft - furred mouse ( p . delectorum ) • deroo ' s mouse ( p . derooi ) • hartwig ' s soft - furred mouse ( p . hartwigi ) • jackson ' s soft - furred mouse ( p . jacksoni ) • lukolela swamp rat ( p . lukolelae ) • least soft - furred mouse ( p . minor ) • misonne ' s soft - furred mouse ( p . misonnei ) • cameroon soft - furred mouse ( p . morio ) • muton ' s soft - furred mouse ( p . mutoni ) • gotel mountain soft - furred mouse ( p . obscurus ) • peter ' s soft - furred mouse ( p . petteri ) • forest soft - furred mouse ( p . rostratus ) • tullberg ' s soft - furred mouse ( p . tullbergi ) • verschuren ' s swamp rat ( p . verschureni )
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musser , guy g . , and michael d . carleton / wilson , don e . , and deeann m . reeder , eds .
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vol . 2
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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melomys bougainville was previously considered to be a subspecies of m . rufescens . there is still some doubt as to whether or not it is distinct from m . rufescens .
justification : listed as data deficient in view of an absence of recent information on its conservation status and threats as well as continuing doubts as to its taxonomic validity .
the natural history of this species has not been recorded . it is suspected to have similar habits to m . rufescens , and occur in disturbed habitats , rural gardens , and possibly within houses ( flannery 1995 ) .
it is not known if the species is present in any protected areas . further studies are needed into the distribution , habitat , ecology , and threats to this species . there is also some doubt as to whether or not it is distinct from m . rufescens , and further taxonomic research is a priority .
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this species is endemic to australia , where it ranges from tropical forests of north - eastern queensland south to central coastal new south wales ( moore and burnett 2008 ) .
it is found in closed tropical moist forest , semi - deciduous vine thicket , bottle tree scrub , and wooded swamps in queensland , but in the south of its range it also occurs in wet sclerophyll forest and coastal woodlands ; also in mangrove forest . the species can breed throughout the year , with females giving birth to up to three young after a gestation period of about 38 days ( moore and burnett 2008 ) .
lamoreux , j . ( global mammal assessment team ) & amori , g . ( small nonvolant mammal red list authority )
listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
it is common and often abundant where it occurs . it is less common in new south wales where habitat for the species is limited ( moore and burnett 2008 ) .
it is present in a number of protected areas . taxonomic work is needed to determine whether this is a species complex .
this species has long been commonly known by the descriptive english common name fawn - footed melomys , but during the 1990s there was a push for such names to be replaced with indigenous australian names . accordingly , in 1995 the
published recommendations for the common names of rodents . they compiled two indigenous australian names for this species :
however this recommendation was not prescriptive , and it remains to be seen to what extent it will be adopted .
burnett , s . & winter , j . ( 2008 ) . melomys cervinipes . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 10 october 2008 .
braithwaite r . w . et al . ( 1995 ) . australian names for australian rodents . australian nature conservation agency . isbn 0 - 642 - 21373 - 9 .
musser , g . g . ; carleton , m . d . ( 2005 ) .
superfamily muroidea
. in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . pp . 894–1531 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .
h . alleni group : allen ' s wood mouse ( h . alleni )
h . anselli group : ansell ' s wood mouse ( h . anselli )
h . baeri group : baer ' s wood mouse ( h . baeri )
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mueller - dombois and fosberg ( 1998 ) outlined seven broad natural vegetation types in the ecoregion , including coastal strand vegetation , mangrove forests , freshwater swamp forests , two types of lowland rain forests , seasonally dry forest and grassland ( only on guadalcanal ) , and montane rain forest . bougainville also contains floodplain forest , a transitional submontane rain forest , forest on ancient limestone , and vegetation on recent volcanic surfaces .
seasonally dry forest is found only on the leeward ( north ) side of guadalcanal . these forests consist of mixed deciduous forest and themeda australis grassland . the canopy is composed of pometia pinnata , vitex cofassus , and kleinhovia hospita . the deciduous species are pterocarpus indicus , antiais toxicaria ( moraceae ) , ficus spp . , and sterculia spp . the grassland probably is related to periodic burning by humans ( mueller - dombois and fosberg 1998 ) .
the fagaceae species that generally mark montane rain forest in the region ( castanopsis , nothofagus , and lithocarpus ) are absent in the solomons . instead , a reduction in stature ( from 25 to 35 m in the lowlands to 15 to 20 m in the uplands ) is apparent . syzygium , metrosideros , ardisia , psychotria , schefflera , ficus , rhododendron , dacrydium , and podcarpus pilgeri have been collected in the mountains of the solomons ( mueller - dombois and fosberg 1998 ) .
the outlying coral atolls support depleted lowland rain forest , remnant coastal and swamp vegetation , and pandanus thickets . the vegetation is a product of generally poor soils combined with human alteration ( mueller - dombois and fosberg 1998 ) .
biodiversity features overall richness and endemism in the solomon islands range from low to high when compared with those of other ecoregions in indo - malaysia . bird and mammal endemism are high .
there is a clear difference between the mammalian faunas of the solomon islands and the bismarck archipelago and richer new guinea to the west . except for pteropodid bats , the solomons and bismarcks have many fewer mammals than new guinea , and the solomons , unlike new britain , contain no marsupials . east beyond the solomons there are even fewer mammal species . almost all the mammal species have their origins in or via new guinea ( flannery 1990 ) .
family species pteropodidae melonycteris fardoulisi * pteropodidae melonycteris woodfordi * pteropodidae dobsonia inermis * pteropodidae nyctimene vizcaccia * pteropodidae nyctimene major pteropodidae pteralopex anceps * pteropodidae pteralopex atrata * pteropodidae pteralopex pulchra * pteropodidae pteralopex sp . * pteropodidae pteropus admiralitatum pteropodidae pteropus howensis * pteropodidae pteropus mahaganus * pteropodidae pteropus rayneri * pteropodidae pteropus rennelli * pteropodidae pteropus woodfordi * rhinolophidae anthops ornatus * molossidae chaerephon solomonis * muridae melomys bougainville * muridae melomys spechti * muridae solomys ponceleti * muridae solomys salamonis * muridae solomys salebrosus * muridae solomys sapientis * muridae uromys imperator * muridae uromys porculus * muridae uromys rex *
bird diversity drops off sharply from new guinea as one moves east across the pacific to the solomons . whereas new guinea has seventy - one families and subfamilies of birds , the solomons have forty - four . the solomons are considered a center of bird endemism , with at least seven endemic genera . the dropoff in diversity seen in other animal groups as one moves east from new guinea is also consistent with that seen in birds . whereas new guinea has seventy - one families and subfamilies of birds , and the solomons have forty - four , vanuatu has thirty - one ( keast 1996 ) .
between november and april of each year the solomon islands are subject to tropical cyclones , which are an important source of natural disturbance to the islands ' forests . extreme droughts are also a natural event and occur irregularly at intervals of six to twenty years ( mueller - dombois and fosberg 1998 ) .
current status a large australian - run copper mine was located in bougainville , but it was shut down because of civil unrest several years ago . introduced species are a special concern here , and most native mammals have been eliminated from guadalcanal by cats . hunting native species is common ( stattersfield et al . 1998 , ) . many bird species in the solomons are vulnerable simply because of their small natural ranges ( stattersfield et al . 1998 ) .
only one protected area , 930 km2 surrounding mt . balbi on bougainville , exists in the ecoregion ( table 3 ) . a gap analysis , based on detailed vegetation and habitat type mapping , has never been performed to determine whether the existing protected area network adequately covers all habitats with protected areas that are large enough to maintain all critical ecological processes .
table 3 . wcmc ( 1997 ) protected areas that overlap with the ecoregion .
ecoregion numbers of protected areas that overlap with additional ecoregions are listed in brackets .
types and severity of threats large areas of the naturally limited natural forest below 400 m have been logged or are planned to be logged . an adequate survey of timber resources has not been conducted ( stattersfield et al . 1998 ; thistlethwait and votaw 1992 ) .
forest clearing for subsistence agriculture is an ongoing threat . most households are self - sufficient ( seven out of eight ) , and because population growth is high there is pressure to clear land . this is especially true around urban areas because the population is mobile and many people move to the outskirts of overcrowded urban centers . satellite imagery indicates that the area under cultivation doubled between 1972 and 1992 ( thistlethwait and votaw 1992 ) .
udvardy ( 1975 ) placed all the ecoregions in the new guinea and melanesia bioregion , with the exception of new caledonia , into the papuan biogeographic province of the oceanian realm . new caledonia was placed in the new caledonian biogeographic province .
references references for this ecoregion are currently consolidated in one document for the entire indo - pacific realm . indo - pacific reference list
world wildlife fund 1250 24th street , n . w . washington , dc 20037
the genus rattus is a member of the giant subfamily murinae . several other murine genera are sometimes considered part of rattus : lenothrix , anonymomys , sundamys , kadarsanomys , diplothrix , margaretamys , lenomys , komodomys , palawanomys , bunomys , nesoromys , stenomys , taeromys , paruromys , abditomys , tryphomys , limnomys , tarsomys , bullimus , apomys , millardia , srilankamys , niviventer , maxomys , leopoldamys , berylmys , mastomys , myomys , praomys , hylomyscus , heimyscus , stochomys , dephomys , and aethomys .
the genus rattus proper contains 64 extant species . a subgeneric breakdown of the species has been proposed , but does not include all species .
barnett , s . anthony ( 2002 ) the story of rats : their impact on us , and our impact on them , allen & unwin , crows nest , nsw , 202 pages , isbn 1 - 86508 - 519 - 7 .
leung , lkp ; cox , peter g . ; jahn , g . c . ; nugent , robert ( 2002 ) .
evaluating rodent management with cambodian rice farmers
.
musser , g . g . and m . d . carleton . 1993 .
family muridae
in d . e . wilson and d . m . reeder eds .
mammal species of the world a taxonomic and geographic reference
, smithsonian institution press , washington , d . c . pp . 501–755 .
nowak , r . m . ( 1999 ) walker ' s mammals of the world vol . 2 . johns hopkins university press , london .
sullivan , robert ( 2004 ) . rats : a year with نيويورك ' s most unwanted inhabitants . granta books , london .
sullivan , robert ( 2005 ) . rats : observations on the history and habitat of the city ' s most unwanted inhabitants . bloomsbury usa . isbn 1 - 58234 - 477 - 9 .
striped field mouse ( a . agrarius ) • alpine field mouse ( a . alpicola ) • small japanese field mouse ( a . argenteus ) • a . avicennicus • chevrier ' s field mouse ( a . chevrieri ) • south china field mouse ( a . draco ) • yellow - necked mouse ( a . flavicollis ) • himalayan field mouse ( a . gurkha ) • caucasus field mouse ( a . hyrcanicus ) • sichuan field mouse ( a . latronum ) • pygmy field mouse ( a . microps ) • broad - toothed field mouse ( a . mystacinus ) • western broad - toothed field mouse ( a . ( mystacinus ) epimelas ) • ward ' s field mouse ( a . pallipes ) • korean field mouse ( a . peninsulae ) • black sea field mouse ( a . ponticus ) • kashmir field mouse ( a . rusiges ) • taiwan field mouse ( a . semotus ) • large japanese field mouse ( a . speciosus ) • wood mouse ( a . sylvaticus ) • ural field mouse ( a . uralensis ) • steppe field mouse ( a . witherbyi )
barbary striped grass mouse ( l . barbarus ) • bellier ' s striped grass mouse ( l . bellieri ) • griselda ' s striped grass mouse ( l . griselda ) • hoogstral ' s striped grass mouse ( l . hoogstraali ) • senegal one - striped grass mouse ( l . linulus ) • buffoon striped grass mouse ( l . macculus ) • mittendorf ' s striped grass mouse ( l . mittendorfi ) • single - striped grass mouse ( l . rosalia ) • rosevear ' s striped grass mouse ( l . roseveari ) • typical striped grass mouse ( l . striatus ) • heuglin ' s striped grass mouse ( l . zebra )
luzon cordillera forest mouse ( a . abrae ) • camiguin forest mouse ( a . camiguinensis ) • luzon montane forest mouse ( a . datae ) • large mindoro forest mouse ( a . gracilirostris ) • mount apo forest mouse ( a . hylocoetes ) • mindanao montane forest mouse ( a . insignis ) • mindanao lowland forest mouse ( a . littoralis ) • small luzon forest mouse ( a . microdon ) • least forest mouse ( a . musculus ) • long - nosed luzon forest mouse ( a . sacobianus )
mount isarog shrew mouse ( a . luzonensis ) • sierra madre shrew mouse ( a . musseri ) • cordillera shrew - mouse ( a . kalinga )
hildegarde ' s broad - headed mouse ( z . hildegardeae ) • woosnam ' s broad - headed mouse ( z . woosnami )
eisentraut ' s striped mouse ( h . badius ) • father basilio ' s striped mouse ( h . basilii ) • moon striped mouse ( h . lunaris ) • miller ' s striped mouse ( h . planifrons ) • temminck ' s striped mouse ( h . trivirgatus ) • peters ' s striped mouse ( h . univittatus )
southern groove - toothed shrew mouse ( m . argenteus ) • northern groove - toothed shrew mouse ( m . richardsoni )
ranee mouse ( h . margarettae ) • minahassa ranee mouse ( h . minahassae ) • lesser ranee mouse ( h . pusillus )
greater tree mouse ( c . forbesi ) • lamia ( c . lamia ) • lesser tree mouse ( c . vates )
white - toothed brush mouse ( c . albidens ) • c . kirrhos • rümmler ' s brush mouse ( c . ruemmleri ) • c . shawmayeri
lowland brush mouse ( p . bruijni ) • shaw mayer ' s brush mouse ( p . mayeri )
forrest ' s mouse ( l . forresti ) • lakeland downs mouse ( l . lakedownensis )
spinifex hopping mouse ( n . alexis ) • northern hopping mouse ( n . aquilo ) • fawn hopping mouse ( n . cervinus ) • dusky hopping mouse ( n . fuscus ) • mitchell ' s hopping mouse ( n . mitchellii )
h . aeta group : beaded wood mouse ( h . aeta ) • h . grandis h . alleni group : allen ' s wood mouse ( h . alleni ) • angolan wood mouse ( h . carillus ) • stella wood mouse ( h . stella ) • walter verheyeni ' s mouse ( h . walterverheyeni ) h . anselli group : ansell ' s wood mouse ( h . anselli ) • arc mountain wood mouse ( h . arcimontensis ) h . baeri group : baer ' s wood mouse ( h . baeri ) h . denniae group : montane wood mouse ( h . denniae ) • h . endorobae • h . vulcanorum h . parvus group : little wood mouse ( h . parvus )
awash multimammate mouse ( m . awashensis ) • southern multimammate mouse ( m . coucha ) • guinea multimammate mouse ( m . erythroleucus ) • hubert ' s multimammate mouse ( m . huberti ) • verheyen ' s multimammate mouse ( m . kollmannspergeri ) • natal multimammate mouse ( m . natalensis ) • dwarf multimammate mouse ( m . pernanus ) • shortridge ' s multimammate mouse ( m . shortridgei )
angolan multimammate mouse ( m . angolensis ) • brockman ' s rock mouse ( m . brockmani ) • verreaux ' s mouse ( m . verreauxii ) • yemeni mouse ( m . yemeni )


the american soles are a family ( achiridae ) of flatfish occurring in both freshwater and marine environments of the americas .

the family includes about 35 species in seven genera .

these are closely related to the soles ( soleidae ) , and have been classified as a subfamily of it , but achirids have a number of distinct characteristics .

eyes are on the right side , and the eyed-side lower lip has a distinctive fleshy rim .

the dorsal and anal fins are usually separate from the caudal fin .

the pectoral fins are small or nonexistent .

they are fairly small ; only achirus achirus is known to surpass 30 cm ( 1 ft ) in length .

american sole

glassdoor gives you an inside look at what it ' s like to work at american sole , including salaries , reviews , office photos , and more . this is the american sole company profile . all content is posted anonymously by employees working at american sole .
…20 species family achiridae ( american sole s ) eyes small , dextral ; sensory papillae on head ; margin of preoperculum represented by a superficial groove ; dorsal and anal fins free from caudal fin ; right pelvic fin attached to anal fin . 7 genera and about 30 species . marine and freshwater , along the atlantic and…
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greek , acheir , - eiros = without hands ( ref . 45335 ) .
the list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions , which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist .
rather , it reflects the current content of fishbase , and the progress with respect to synchronization with the catalog of fishes . however , we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in fishbase , to start new work on the family , or to cross - check with other lists .
but we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value . in particular , for published scientific , we suggest then to cite it in the material and method section as a useful tool to conduct the research , but again , not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference .
unless it is explicitly precised , the list is not complete , please search all original names published for the family in the catalog of fishes ( genera , species ) , including those with uncertain or unknown status , that are not included in fishbase when they are not attached to a valid species .
this list uses some data from catalog of fishes ( not shown but used to sort names ) .
in the column coff , the digit indicates the status of synchronization with coff : 0 : not checked ; 1 : same status ; 2 : different status ; 3 : other combination ; 4 : synonym in coff ; 5 : species / subspecies issue ; 6 : synonym of another species in coff ; 7 : not in coff ; 8 : should not be in coff . the coff version currently used is the one published on 23 - 07 - 2014 ( ref . 97102 ) .
when subfamilies are recognized , nominotypical subfamily first then other subfamilies by alphabetical order .
type genus of the family first ( or of subfamily when subfamilies are recognized ) then other genera by chronological order of description ( and alphabetical order ) .
type species of the genus first by chronological order ( and alphabetical order ) , with last listed misapplied names in a light gray font .
eagle creek expansetm collection awd 26 ( stone grey ) l . . . 191163489990
sanuk casa vintage ( brindle vintage ) men ' s slip on sh . . . 190108481082
astral loyak water shoe - men ' s navy / brown , 11 . 0 818040014525
this is a directory page . britannica does not currently have an article on this topic .
animal , ( kingdom animalia ) , any of a group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms ( i . e . , as distinct from…
dog , ( canis lupus familiaris ) , domestic mammal of the family canidae ( order carnivora ) . it is a subspecies…
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this place does what it does very well and thoroughly . that is , selling flip - flops . they have hundreds of brands and varieties across a range of prices to satisfy nearly all beachgoers in need of some soles . they have havaianas in tons of fun colors , rainbow , reef , the classier , fancier bernardo ( around $ 100 a pair , if that ' s your style ) , and many others i can ' t remember .
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cudonigera houstonana , the juniper budworm moth , is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona , california , kansas , mississippi , new hampshire , new jersey , new mexico , north carolina , oklahoma , tennessee and texas .

the wingspan is about 20 mm .

adults have a mottled tan and brown colour pattern on their wings , resembling dead foliage of the host plant .

adults have been recorded on wing from april to november .

there are up to two generations per year .

the larvae feed on the foliage of juniperus ashei .

they construct silken tubes .

pupation occurs in the larval shelter .

the species overwinters in the larval stage .

cudonigera houstonana

choristoneura houstonana ( grote , 1873 ) was formerly in the genus cudonigera , zootaxa . 3729 ( 1 ) : 25 .
powell , j . a . & n . s . obraztsov . 1977 . cudonigera : a new genus for moths formerly assigned to choristoneura houstonana ( tortricidae ) . journal of the lepidopterists ' society , 31 ( 2 ) : 119 - 123 .
ty - jour ti - cudonigera : a new genus for moths formerly assigned to choristoneura houstonana ( tortricidae ) t2 - journal of the lepidopterists ' society . vl - 31 ur - urltoken pb - lepidopterists ' society , cy - [ new haven , conn . ] : py - 1977 sp - 119 ep - 123 sn - 0024 - 0966 er -
heinrichs , e . a . 1971 . external morphology of larvae of choristoneura houstonana ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) . the canadian entomologist 103 ( 1 ) : 12 - 17 .
heinrichs , e . a . & h . e . thompson . 1968 . the biology of choristoneura houstonana ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) , a pest of juniperus species . canadian entomologist 100 ( 7 ) : 750 - 763 .
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photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
dombroskie , j . j . & f . a . h . sperling , 2013 . phylogeny of the tribe archipini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae : tortricinae ) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures . zootaxa , 3729 ( 1 ) : 1 - 62 .
powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 19 . 13f ; p . 151 . book review and ordering
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
adult - checkered with raised patches of pale rust and rose lavender scales . hindwing white .
during the spring and early summer of 2002 , an unusual outbreak of the juniper budworm was documented across the following central texas counties : travis , hayes , comal , and blanco .
ashe juniper ( juniperus ashei ) is apparently the only food in central texas for the juniper budworm . texas county range map of j . ashei per usda .
the larva of juniper budworm goes through 8 - 11 instars , or caterpillar stages , as it grows . then it changes to a pupa from which the adult moth emerges . life history studies on this insect were done in kansas where one generation per year was reported . however , records of adult moths in the texas a & m ; university insect collection indicate there are probably two generations per year in texas ( labeled specimens showed moths were collected in june and october ) .
as the larvae feed in the juniper foliage , they construct silken tubes and pupation occurs in the shelter where the larvae fed . adult moths appear shortly after pupation occurs . in kansas , larvae overwinter in the infested juniper trees , pupate in late june and july , and emerge as adult moths in july . in texas , however , the overwintering stage is not known , but it is probably the egg stage or as very young larvae .
the adult moths are about 1 / 4 - inch long and are similar to the color of dead ashe juniper foliage . they have a mottled tan and brown color pattern on their wings . they are active mostly at night and are attracted to lights . they generally remain at rest on the host plant during the day and only fly when disturbed . unless they fly , they are difficult to detect . ( texas forest service )
it is closely related and similar in appearance to the spruce budworm ( choristoneura fumiferana ) , a major defoliating insect pest of true firs in the eastern and western forests of the united states and canada .
dombroskie , j . j . & f . a . h . sperling . 2013 . phylogeny of the tribe archipini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae : tortricinae ) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures . zootaxa 3729 ( 1 ) : 1 - 62 . ( pdf )
grote , a . r . , 1873 . i . description of new north american moths .
powell , j . a . 1980 . nomenclature of nearctic conifer - feeding choristoneura ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) : historical review and present status . usda forest service general technical report pnw - 100 . usda forest service 18pp .
powell , j . a . 1995 . biosystematic studies of conifer - feeding choristoneura ( lepidoptera tortricidae ) in the western united states . university of california press , berkeley . 275 pp .
quinn , m . a . 2000 . abundance and distribution of potential arthropod prey species in a typical golden - cheeked warbler habitat . unpublished thesis . texas a & m ; university , college station . ix + 182 pp .
i . description of new north american moths . augustus radcliffe grote . 1873 . bulletin of the buffalo society of natural sciences 1 : 1 - 16 .
north - american torticidae thomas , lord walsingham . 1879 . illustrations of typical specimens of lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the british museum . 4 .
check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . hodges , et al . ( editors ) . 1983 . e . w . classey , london . 284 pp .
abundance and distribution of potential arthropod prey species in a typical golden - cheeked warbler habitat . quinn , m . a . 2000 . unpublished thesis . texas a & m ; university , college station . ix + 182 pp .
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[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico
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