cavariella konoi is a species of aphid in the family aphididae .

it is a small , soft-bodied insect growing to about 2.5 mm ( 0.1 in ) long .

the body is oval , pale yellowish green , sometimes with a pair of darker green , longitudinal bands .

wingless females are found on the leaves of willow salix spp. during the summer where they reproduce parthogenetically and form large populations .

it also feeds on the perennial plant great angelica ( angelica atropurpurea ) .

this species has a holarctic distribution .

cavariella konoi

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this perennial wildflower is 3 - 8 ' tall , branching sparingly . the large hollow stems are pale purple to dark purple , terete , glabrous , and often glaucous . alternate compound leaves occur along the stems , primarily along the lower - half of each plant . the compound leaves are ½ - 2 ' long , ½ - 2 ' across , and widest at their bases . the structure of the compound leaves is bipinnate with 3 - 5 leaflets or subleaflets per division . the subleaflets are ¾ - 4½
long and ½ - 2½
across ; they are more or less ovate in shape and their margins are serrated . some subleaflets are shallowly to deeply cleft into lobes . the upper surface of the subleaflets is medium to dark green and glabrous , while the lower surface is pale or whitish green and glabrous . the subleaflets are either sessile or they have short petioles ; they often have winged extensions at their bases that join the branches of the rachis . the petioles are long , stout , and conspicuously sheathed at their bases ; both the petioles and their sheaths are green to light purple to dark purple , glabrous , and often glaucous .
the upper stems terminate in one or more compound umbels of flowers spanning 3 - 9
across ; they are globoid in shape . sometimes the peduncle of a compound umbel will branch and terminate in another compound umbel . each compound umbel has 15 - 40 rays ( floral branches ) that terminate in small umbellets . each umbellet has numerous greenish white to pale yellow flowers on pedicels about ½
in length . each flower is up to ¼
across , consisting of 5 petals with incurved tips , a light green calyx without significant lobes , 5 stamens , and a pistil with a divided style . the blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer and lasts about 3 weeks . afterwards , the flowers are replaced by dry seed - like fruits ( consisting of double achenes ) . the fruits are 5 - 8 mm . in length , oblongoid - ovoid in shape , and slightly flattened ; each side of the fruit has 3 longitudinal ridges . immature fruits are greenish yellow , turning brown at maturity . each achene has a pair of lateral wings along its main body ; it is convex and ridged on one side , while the other side is flat . the root system consists of a short stout taproot .
the preference is full or partial sun , consistently wet to moist conditions , and loamy or sandy soil with decaying organic matter . soil ph should be mildly acidic to alkaline . standing water is well - tolerated . individual plants can vary considerably in size depending on environmental conditions .
) . habitats include openings in bottomland woodlands , swamps , soggy thickets , edges of woodlands adjoining wetlands , marshes , fens , and seeps , including the lower slopes of hillside seeps . this robust wildflower is typically found in calcareous habitats with a stable supply of moisture .
the flowers attract syrphid flies , bee flies , andrenid bees , and other small bees . these visitors are attracted primarily to the nectar of the flowers . a relatively small number of insects are known to feed on great angelica . these species include the aphids
a woodland border near a fen at the indiana dunes national lakeshore in nw indiana .
great angelica can be distinguished from similar species in the carrot family by its large size , hollow purplish stems , and spherical compound umbels . sometimes an aromatic eurasia species ,
( garden angelica ) , is cultivated in gardens . it differs from great angelica by its biennial habit and greenish stems . so far , there are no records of garden angelica naturalizing in illinois . a native perennial species ,
( wood angelica ) , is found in southern illinois , where it occurs in dry rocky habitats . wood angelica has more narrow sheaths at the bases of its petioles than great angelica , and their are fine hairs on its fruits . another common name of
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
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the black-headed gull ( chroicocephalus ridibundus ) is a small gull that breeds in much of europe and asia , and also in coastal eastern canada .

most of the population is migratory and winters further south , but some birds reside in the milder westernmost areas of europe .

some black-headed gulls also spend the winter in northeastern north america , where it was formerly known as the common black-headed gull .

as is the case with many gulls , it was previously placed in the genus larus .

the genus name chroicocephalus is from ancient greek khroizo , " to colour " , and kephale , " head " .

the specific ridibundus is latin for " laughing " , from ridere " to laugh " .

black - headed gull

the black - headed gull is a medium - sized gull and our commonest inland gull .
the black - headed gull is a common gull in europe and is found well inland .
the black - headed gull has a multipurpose body plan . agile in the air , it’s also nimble on the ground and yet quite at home paddling on the water . black - headed gull & great black - headed gull
description : black - headed gull is a widespread species , very noisy and opportunist feeder .
predators and anti - predators of the black - headed gull ( larus ridibundus l . )
a common gull of the old world , black - headed gull is a rare , but regular visitor to eastern north america .
build up your gull id skills by learning to recognise two ideal reference species : common gull and herring gull .
common black - headed gull , chroicocephalus ridibundus ( protonym , larus ridibundus ) , linnaeus , 1766 , also known as the ( northern ) black - headed gull , photographed at cheshire , northwest england , uk .
some aspects of reproductive behavior in the black - headed gull ( larus ridibundus l . ) and related species
seen from a distance or in poor light , the black - headed gull’s chocolate - brown head appears blackish , but the great black - headed gull ( larus ichthyaetus ) has a truly pure - jjr black head . both have white ‘eyelids , ’ but these are more striking in the larger great black - headed gull . its bill is yellow and red , with a narrow black band separating the two colors . its legs and feet are also bright yellow . the great black - headed gull is less common than the black - headed gull , breeding in scattered colonies on coastal marshes and lakes on steppes across central and southern asia . unlike the black - headed gull , most migrate to winter on the caspian sea and indian ocean .
the silver gulls seldom came within 1 metre of the black - headed gull when it was swimming . on the thursday as we initially approached , a silver gull came within half a metre ( or vice versa ) near a corner of the pond . both gulls called and the black - headed gull appeared to peck in the direction of the silver gull . after about 10 or 15 seconds the silver gull moved away . the black - headed gull appeared to be dominant .
common black - headed gull in breeding plumage , paarl bird sanctuary , south africa . [ photo trevor hardaker © ]
krigged density surfaces for black - headed gull , in the breeding season . covers uk waters and uses esas data .
the black - headed gull is one of the few hooded gulls that does not actually have a black head during breeding . its hood is dark chocolate brown .
krigged density surfaces for black - headed gull , in the non - breeding season . covers uk waters and uses esas data .
find out more about black - headed gulls on birdfacts and the wider countryside report .
black headed gulls : licence for retailers and restaurateurs to sell eggs - gov . uk
the black - headed gull is found on lakes , rivers , marshes , estuaries , bogs , moors , seacoasts , and bays .
flight : black - headed gull performs quick and active flight . it also may soar and glide , and it catches flying insects while flying .
get a general licence to sell black - headed gull eggs for human consumption if you ' re a retailer or restaurateur ( licence gl23 ) .
a hooded gull in summer is likely to be the ubiquitous black - headed gull , but there are a couple of other species that sport the same summer finery . would you be able to pick out a little or mediterranean gull from the crowd ?
all year round the adult black - headed gull has silver grey upperparts and white underparts , and dark red bill and legs . the wings have black wing - tips and a white edge along the forewing ( which separates it from the common gull ) .
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arkive species - black - headed gull ( larus ridibundus )
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[ 0856 ] van dijk et al . ( 2012 ) , new longevity records of black - headed gull , with comments on wear and loss of aluminium rings
black - headed gulls are the commonest inland gull , particularly in n england , scotland and wales . large colonies along the south and east coasts of england .
behaviour : black - headed gull feeds on varied food items such as aquatic and terrestrial insects , earthworms , marine invertebrates , some fish , grains and berries .
black - headed gull sometimes engages in piracy from other seabirds , and may take eggs at terns’ colonies . this species may feed alone or in noisy flocks .
on saturday 19th october 1991 , a local birder brian kane rang the broome bird observatory to report a dark headed gull at the broome sewage ponds , maybe a laughing gull in full breeding plumage . the following are the notes of the observations that i made leading up to the confirmation by the observatory wardens that the gull was in fact a black - headed gull , and the first known sighting in australia .
conservationists , including the rspb , have also expressed concerns over the impact the practice could be having on the black - headed gull population , which is in long - term decline .
the black - headed gull thrives close to humans , as it has learned to exploit the rich feeding provided by agricultural land , dumps and hand - outs in city - center parks .
this licence lets you sell the eggs of black - headed gulls ( chroicocephalus ridibundus ) if you’re a retailer or restaurateur .
the black - headed gull fitted almost all the details that we had for it except for some slight inconsistencies . these included a pale yellow eye ring rather than the whitish colour described . the legs as illustrated were much redder and brighter than the darker legs that we observed . the fact that the black - headed gull is a migrant at this time of year was a factor in its favour .
the black - headed gull ranges throughout most of europe and asia and is the most common gull in the uk , although they have been spotted in eastern canada and the northeastern united states . some populations are migratory . they tend to be found near water , sometimes plunge - diving for small fish in the wake of boats . some sources claim black - headed gulls rarely venture out to sea , which is typical for most gull species , whilst others say they winter at sea .
cantos , f . , a . alonso - gomez , m . delgado . 1994 . seasonal changes in fat and protein reserves of the black - headed gull , larus ridibundus , in relation to migration .
' black headed gull ' hand pulled 8 colour screen print by fiona hamilton . printed on fabriano printmaking paper . paper measures 25cm x 35cm . signed , titled and numbered by the artist . edition of 20 .
voice : black - headed gull is a noisy bird . the usual call is a screaming “karr” or “kreeay” , both high - pitched . we can also hear a sharp “kek - kek” when the bird is feeding .
before the fax arrived to confirm the identification , we had ruled out several species with dark hoods that we knew of because of details such as size ( little gull ) , colour ( franklin ' s gull ) , tail ( sabine ' s gull ) , windows in the primaries ( saunder ' s gull ) , and wing patterns ( laughing gull ) or a combination of many inconsistencies .
black - headed gulls ' eggs , which can sell for up to £5 each , were once the exclusive preserve of aristocrats with coastal estates .
the bird was seen by local birders on the sunday . meanwhile , bruce located a british book by vere benson which opened the possibility of the bird being a black - headed gull , but the information was extremely limited .
stienen , e . , a . brenninkmeijer . 1999 . keep the chicks moving : how sandwich terns can minimize kleptoparasitism by black - headed gulls .
this gull is widespread in britain , in inland areas as well as by the coast ( 5 ) . the black - headed gull is particularly common at inland sites in north england , scotland and wales ( 3 ) . in winter the british population is augmented by birds from continental europe ( 5 ) . this gull has a wide global breeding range that extends through the palaearctic ( 4 ) .
on the bank there appeared to be no interaction between the gulls , even though on the saturday two silver gulls were standing within half a metre of the black - headed gull allowing us a very good comparison of size and colour .
the scarcer mediterranean gull is very similar in appearance , but is a paler grey , lacks the black wing tips , has blood - red bill and legs and a truly black head that extends from the nape into the neck .
diet : black - headed gull feeds on both aquatic and terrestrial insects and invertebrates , some fish , variety of grains and berries . it takes offal from fishing boats and refuse inland . it may steal food from other gulls by harassment .
the black - headed gull is a rare visitor to north america , turning up in small numbers along the northern atlantic coast . records began to increase in the mid - 1900s , and the first nesting attempt was discovered in newfoundland in 1977 .
black - headed gulls are omnivorous birds , consuming insects , small fish and berries . they also eat earthworms and other invertebrates stirred up by plows tilling fields .
we often see black - headed gulls flying overhead , circling on thermals , or flying in search of them , but none have ever landed in the garden .
black - headed gull is territorial as numerous gulls’ species . the size of the territory depends on the size of the species and the number of pairs . during disputes , the dark hood is aggressive feature , whereas the white nape means the submission .
range : black - headed gull breeds in most parts of europe and asia , but also in coastal eastern canada . the most part of populations are migratory and move southwards in winter . but other populations of the westernmost of europe are resident or dispersive .
with a world population of more than three million , the black - headed gull is abundant . it faces no severe threats — the only dangers to nesting birds are flooding , predation of eggs and young by mammals , and egg - harvesting by humans .
nuyets , e . , a . buit , e . van der zee . 1996 . the influence of age on the acquirement of a perch in the black - headed gull ( larus ridibundus l . ) : new data and a review of the literature .
however , conservationists disagree . black - headed gulls have been given an
amber
status by the rspb , meaning it is a species of
conservation concern
.
the black - headed gull is a small gull . it is 13 - 15 inches in length with a wingspan of 39 - 42 inches . it has a red bill , a white belly and breast , a soft - gray back , red legs and feet , and gray wings tipped in black . in breeding season , it has a dark brown face and head . in winter , its head and face are white , and it has a black spot on each side of its head . males and females look alike .
the black - headed gull breeds throughout much of europe and asia , typically in april and may . they construct a shallow scrape on the ground , and line it with a few feathers and vegetation . the female lays 2 - 3 eggs and both parents tend the chicks .
black - headed gulls only have dark heads during the breeding season . during the winter , they have white heads with dark brown smudges on the sides . © moss taylor / bto
reproduction : breeding season starts in late march , and egg - laying occurs in late april and may . black - headed gull nests in colonies of several tens of pairs ( sometimes more ) . nests are built about one metre apart from each other , and they can often touch .
the black - headed gull is found in extreme northeastern canada and in greenland , iceland , and northern europe and asia . it winters in the southern regions of its breeding grounds south to africa and asia . in the united states , it is sometimes found along the atlantic coast in winter .
protection / threats / status : populations of black - headed gulls are important . some declines and increases are observed according to the range , but this species is not threatened at this moment .
the black - headed gull is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) . included in the birds of conservation concern green list ( low conservation concern ) ( 3 ) . receives general protection in great britain under the wildlife and countryside act ( 4 ) .
in europe the black - headed gull is found scavenging in flocks in parks , but it is rarely found in this situation in north america . perhaps this difference is because it usually is found associating with large flocks of bonaparte ' s gulls , which do not eat refuse or scavenge food from people .
groothuis , t . , l . van mulekom . 1991 . the influence of social experience on the ontogenetic change in the relation between aggression , fear and display behaviour in black - headed gulls .
the black - headed gull nests in colonies . the nest is usually a scrape lined with vegetation and shells . the female lays 1 - 3 eggs and incubates them for 22 - 26 days . both parents care for and feed the chicks . the chicks fledge when they are 35 - 42 days old .
prevot - julliard , a . , r . pradel , j . lebreton , f . cezilly . 1998 . evidence for birth - site tenacity in breeding common black - headed gulls , larus ridibundus .
black - headed gulls mainly feed on animal material such as insects and earthworms but they will also take plant material and household waste . rubbish tips can become favoured foraging sites , as can newly ploughed fields .
the black - headed gull is an extremely successful species , adapting to man - made change to its environment very well . the species has to be controlled in some areas as they harass and predate higher risk species . nonetheless , there numbers have declined sharply in recent years and so they are now amber list species of conservation concern .
not really a black - headed bird , more chocolate - brown - in fact , for much of the year , it has a white head . it is most definitely not a ' seagull ' and is found commonly almost anywhere inland . black - headed gulls are sociable , quarrelsome , noisy birds , usually seen in small groups or flocks , often gathering into larger parties where there is plenty of food , or when they are roosting .
black - headed gulls are generally regarded as being one of the easiest gulls to identify . during the breeding season they sport a dark brown head , although during the winter this is reduced to a smudge behind the eye .
on monday , the black - headed gull spent most of its time swimming and feeding . we disturbed it several times by approaching too close . most times it landed on the bank with the silver gulls , or back on the pond . once it flew less than 100m to a shallower pond , and then back again when it was disturbed there .
black - headed gulls were rare inland over 100 years ago . however , they now use inland sites for breeding , roosting and foraging and are the gull species most commonly seen in urban and suburban gardens . inland breeding colonies can range from fewer than 10 pairs to over 20 , 000 and are found throughout the country , including in central london .
juveniles of this small two - year gull species are identified by the reddish plumage on their upperparts and their pale yellow bill with a black tip ( yeah , i know you can ' t see the bill in this picture ) .
male ring ouzels are particularly distinctive with their black plumage with a pale wing panel and striking white breast band .
there are 47 gull species in the family laridae . most gulls have pale plumages ( gray above and white below ) , but the ivory gull ( pagophila eburnea ) is all - white and ross’s gull ( rhodostethia rosea ) has pink underparts . gulls live at sea or in wetland habitats and nest in colonies . relatives include terns in the family sternidae and skuas in the family stercorariidae .
the gull swam with its head held high , frequently dipping its bill presumably to catch small prey near or just below the surface of the water . there were no noticeable mannerisms that indicated if the gull was successful or not . the gull swam laps near one side of the pond of no particular preferred length ( about 1m to 20m were observed ) and reversed direction at no particular place or for any discernible reason . the laps were shorter when we were closer . the gull made none or several dips on each lap .
versatile in feeding . searches for food while walking or swimming , or swoops down to take items from surface while flying ; sometimes catches insects in high flight . black - headed gulls also steal food from each other and from other birds .
in winter , the black - headed gull is found in a wide range of habitats including coastal marshes , farmland , rubbish tips , urban parks , gardens and playing fields ( 5 ) . usual breeding habitats include marshes , ponds , lakes , bogs , gravel pits and dry sites next to water bodies , such as sand - dunes and moorland ( 4 ) ( 3 ) .
black - headed gull are abundant , and expanding their range in europe . the north american waterbird conservation plan estimates a population of 40 breeders , and 400 non - breeders in north america , and lists them as a species of moderate concern . they rate a 15 out of 20 on the continental concern score and are not on the 2014 state of the birds watch list . back to top
despite their name , black - headed gulls don’t have black heads . during the breeding season their heads are dark chocolate brown , and in the winter they are white with dark brown smudges on the side . they have a dark red bill and legs . juveniles have brown shoulders and wing feathers , gradually gaining the adults’ grey / silver coloured wings over a couple of years .
the detailed descriptions in grant ' s paper identify the gull as being in its adult or second ( northern hemisphere ) summer plumage which it has from march to october . this makes it highly likely that the gull will moult into its non breeding winter plumage within the next few weeks .
bruce and i returned at 10 : 30am on the monday . the bird was still there and we stayed for two hours observing from within 15m at times , although i was distracted for about 30 minutes looking at yellow wagtails , etc . bruce took more photos . i spent most of the time updating the notes i made on saturday , and looking for the features mentioned by vere benson such as no windows in the primaries . we now knew that it wasn ' t a laughing gull , and the chances of it being a black - headed gull were improving .
the fax of the paper by grant made the identification very simple . it is described as easily separable from all gulls except the others in this group ( slender - billed , bonaparte ' s , grey - headed and black - headed gulls ) , the best point being the white along the leading edge of the outer wing in flight . the brown hood of summer adults is diagnostic among the west palaearctic gulls .
on thursday , stuart visited the sewage ponds at about 7 : 30am and then picked up the fax . the bird had returned , and he confirmed the details and took some photos . kira , bruce and i had been on a tour , but we visited the sewage ponds at 11 : 15am and observed the gull for 40 minutes . bruce took more photos . we confirmed the white wedge and leading edge on the top of the wing , and the dark patch under the primaries . the fax confirmed what we now knew - that the bird was a black - headed gull .
a small , dark goose - the same size as a mallard . it has a black head and neck and grey - brown back .
on thursday , the gull spent all of its time swimming and feeding . even if it flew when we approached too close , it landed back on the pond .
if the gull stays until march , it will be interesting to see if it returns to the northern hemisphere or stays on longer like the laughing gulls in cairns .
the bbo wardens kira and stuart jackson found the japanese field guide donated by a member of the japanese delegation of the jamba conference held in broome a week earlier . the black - headed gull was shown as a non - breeding migrant to japan ( and further south ) from central asia . the details that we knew matched , but there were also important details that we had not noted , and we did not know if there were any other gulls that might be possible .
the japanese field guide describes the habitat of the black - headed gull as inland waters or coastal . this gull seems to have a definite preference for the sewage ponds , this pond in particular , and even the same side of this pond . there are about 10 ponds at the sewage works , five others which appear to be identical . however , the silver gulls seem to prefer this pond and one other , although most spend their time loafing on the bank . there are many other places around broome where silver gulls congregate in numbers such as the main town oval , cable beach , the pearl coast zoo and near the crab creek mangroves .
response : this is a common black - headed gull , chroicocephalus ridibundus , in winter plumage . gulls are all placed into the taxonomic family , laridae . the smallest species take two years to reach adulthood ( known as
two - year gulls
) , whilst medium - sized species are three - year gulls and the largest species are four - year gulls . juveniles have distinct plumages that correspond to each year , so a skilled birder can determine the age of a young bird .
habitat : black - headed gull frequents marshes , fresh and brackish ponds and lakes for breeding , but some populations may nest is relatively dry sites such as sand dunes and beaches . all year round , this species frequents a wide variety of habitats such as shallow water ( coastal or inland ) , rivers and estuaries . it may be found inland , at fairly low elevation , and within towns and cities if water is available . this species lives from temperate areas to the boreal forest edges of palaearctic .
winter plumage adults , like the individual in this photograph , have a white head with a large dark smudge behind their eyes , red bill and legs and , in flight , their long slender wings show a large white triangle on the upper leading edge . adults in breeding plumage are distinct from all other black - headed ( chroicocephalus ; from the greek chroa for colour and cephalus for head ) gulls because their heads are not black at all ; their head is a rich chocolate brown .
both sexes are similar . juvenile has buff to darker brown markings on the upperparts and upperwing coverts . tail shows black terminal band . bare parts are duller .
this is the gull most frequently seen in urban and suburban gardens and is seldom given a second thought when seen in city centres during winter . in fact this is a fascinating and quite recent development – the first black - headed gulls wintered in central london only 100 years ago . inland breeding colonies range from fewer than 10 pairs up to a staggering 20 , 000 pairs and tend to be associated with old gravel pits and sewage works . we are now in a situation where inland breeding colonies actually outnumber coastal ones .
37–43 cm ; 195–325 g ; wingspan 94–110 cm . two - year gull . the breeding adult has the frontal hood dark chocolate brown to dusky blackish , with blackish border . . .
the identification was hampered by a lack of information for what turned out to be a very easy bird to identify . the observatory would very much appreciate the ( tax deductible ) donation of reference books for the identification of international gulls , seabirds , waders , ducks , etc such as the black - headed gull , garganey , ruff ( reeve ) , little ringed plover and pacific swallow . field guides are a help , but they don ' t describe the many age variations that are possible , or details such as migration .
gardens seem to become more important for black - headed gulls during the coldest winter months of january and february because food is harder to find . however , bto garden birdwatch results show that they are increasingly visiting throughout the year . outside of winter , individuals visiting gardens are often likely to be immature , non - breeding birds from local colonies .
these gregarious birds are usually seen in flocks or small groups ( 3 ) . they feed on worms , other soil invertebrates , scraps , rubbish , carrion and fish ( 3 ) ( 5 ) . during winter , black - headed gulls roost on open water , typically fresh water , although they may occasionally make use of sheltered estuaries ( 5 ) .
burger , j . , gochfeld , m . , kirwan , g . m . , christie , d . a . & garcia , e . f . j . ( 2018 ) . black - headed gull ( larus ridibundus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
adult in non - breeding plumage has white head with blackish spots on the ear - coverts and two dusky blurred bands on the crown . reddish bill is black - tipped .
during the early 19th century , black - headed gulls were quite rare . however , a dramatic population increase throughout the 20th century saw their breeding population rise to over 100 , 000 pairs . while their breeding population is still growing , their winter numbers have fallen by over 30 per cent in the last 25 years and they are an amber listed bird of conservation concern .
while most of our breeding population are resident birds , it is estimated that more than two - thirds of black - headed gulls wintering in the uk have come from mainland europe . this migration happens from late summer with earlier arrivals thought to be young birds from western europe . birds often seem to be site - faithful , returning to the same place year after year .
by taking a single egg , the collectors often delay the time it takes for the gull to lay a full clutch until after the spring tides , which would otherwise swamp their nests and destroy the eggs .
is distinguished by its dark brown or grayish - black frontal hood . its eye crescents ( primarily behind the eye ) , neck , and underparts are all white as is the tail . the upper wing coverts , secondaries , inner primaries , and back are gray . the secondaries are tipped with white ; the white outer primaries have black tips and edges . other identifying characteristics of
with caution , the bird could be approached comparatively closely ( between 10m and 15m ) , especially when it was on the water . it did not appear to be disturbed when several pacific black ducks and grey teal took off close by during our initial approach . it also ignored a flock of 40 black kites , even when some kites passed overhead fairly closely ( within 10m ) .
brian had first seen the bird at about 8am . he made a note of many of the details , and then called someone in melbourne who suggested that it could be a laughing gull . brian then rang the observatory .
some recent authors place this species and other “black - headed gulls” in genus ichthyaetus ( see l . ichthyaetus ) . present species originally described as a race of l . melanocephalus , and then known only from one specimen ; subsequently suspected of being an aberrant l . brunnicephalus or a hybrid l . brunnicephalus × l . ichthyaetus . since breeding colonies discovered in 1970 , almost universally considered a distinct species . monotypic .
adaptability is key to the success ^ easily pleased of the black - headed gull , and the colonies prefer fljrt only major habitats that it can’t land near water . exploit at some stage in the year are forests and mountainous areas . breeding colonies are located on flat lowland areas or upland plateaus near calm and shallow freshwater , such as lakes , reservoirs , gravel pits or slow - moving rivers . it also breeds on both fresh - and saltwater marshes and in reedbeds , as well as on drier sites , from sand dunes to moorland . outside the breeding season , the gull flies long distances in search of food . in the north , it moves south in winter . other populations don’t disperse so far ; traveling to sheltered coastal estuaries and man - made habitats , including refuse dumps , sewage plants , gravel pits , farmland , golf courses , parks and even gardens .
in the summer , the adult has a dark chocolate brown head ( but not nape and neck ) , but in the winter it has only a small black smudge to the rear of each eye .
these gulls nest in colonies , within which pairs defend small territories . they will defend these territories from other birds using ritualised displays ( 7 ) . two to three eggs are produced which are incubated for up to 26 days . after a further 35 days the chicks will have fledged ( 3 ) . black - headed gulls are fairly long lived , with a maximum recorded life - span of 32 years ( 3 ) .
in the winter , they often form large flocks , sometimes with other gull species : roosting on lakes and reservoirs at night , feeding on farmland , fields and landfill sites in the daytime , and flying in large formations between the two .
wings in flight . there was a thin black band on the trailing edge of the outer primaries with nothing between . there was a bright white wedge on the leading edge of the primaries joining ( but not as wide as ) the black band . the white continued along the leading edge of the full wing . the remainder of the top of the wing was silver grey . there was a dark patch and smudges underneath the primaries . the remainder of the underneath was whitish .
the common name of this species is inaccurate , as adult black - headed gulls ( larus ridibundus ) have a chocolate - brown head in summer ( 5 ) . in winter , this brown hood retreats and the birds have a largely white head with a dark spot behind the eye ( 5 ) . other distinguishing features include the prominent white leading edge of the upper wing , which is visible from a fair distance , the tern - like slender wings and the reddish coloured bill and legs ( 2 ) . juveniles are different in appearance to adults ; they have ginger - brown coloured upperparts and a yellowish bill with a black tip ( 2 ) . this is a noisy species during the breeding season , producing a loud kwarr call and a short kwup ( 6 ) .
call . the call was very similar to a silver gull , although it could be distinguished when both called together . it probably had a slightly higher tone . it called once while it was preening , a couple of times as it took off , and a few times when the silver gulls were too close when it was swimming .
in the non breeding season its normal range is shown extending southwards to include parts of africa , india , the malay peninsula , sumatra ( but not java , borneo or the philippines ) and japan . it is described as the commonest gull throughout most of its range , so it is somewhat surprising that it has not been sighted in australia before .
it was difficult to approach the gull within 20m when it was on the bank , but i suspect that this was largely because the silver gulls would take off en masse . if you approached very cautiously the silver gulls took off in ones and twos . there were 40 to 100 silver gulls on the bank compared to about 10 at most on the water .
include its red legs and bill , and dark brown eyes . non - breeding adults have a white head , with only some blackish coloring on their nape . juvenile birds are recognized by the beige to darker brown markings on their back and upper wing coverts . also , they have a black terminal tail band . the species is sexually monomorphic .
if you looked for them , there were many small circular ripples on the surface of the water indicating the presence of small insects or other prey . there might possibly have been more near the bank of the pond that the gull prefers , but i made no rigorous comparison . i did not check the other ponds either . the wind did not appear to be a factor as it blew from different directions on the saturday and monday .
on wednesday , mavis russell ( a volunteer at the bbo ) and i returned to the sewage ponds at 4 : 15pm . the gull was not there and had not returned when we left at 5 : 30pm . however , it was low tide and very little else was there either . we met a local who had seen the bird at about 7am that morning . after some problems , the fax of a paper by grant in british birds arrived in the late afternoon but could not be collected .
burger , j . , gochfeld , m . , sharpe , c . j . & garcia , e . f . j . ( 2018 ) . relict gull ( larus relictus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
bruce ferry ( the assistant warden ) arranged to meet brian at 3pm , and i was invited along . the bird was there and we observed it from distances ranging from 50m to 20m for a period of 40 minutes before it was disturbed and left the area . the conclusion was that it may be a laughing gull ( based on the limited information in simpson & day ) , but that there were a number of details that did not seem to fit , such as the head colour and wing markings . bruce took a number of photos .
wings when not in flight . the wings were slightly but noticeably greyer than the silver gulls . there was no hint anywhere of any brown . the primaries had black tips without any windows , unlike the silver gulls . the wings crossed in a deep v when the bird was swimming . i can ' t remember if the left or the right wing was usually above the other . the bottom of the wing was sometimes partly tucked into the body feathers when the bird was on the bank .
adult in breeding plumage has dark chocolate - brown frontal hood including head , chin and throat . according to the attitude , this hood seems to vary in size . the neck is white . the upperparts , including back , upperwing coverts , secondary and inner primary feathers are grey . the secondaries are tipped white . the outer primaries are white with black tips and edges . tail is white . the underparts are white ( or with pink wash in norway populations ) . eyes are dark brown , with two white crescents . bill , legs and feet are deep red .
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projects focused on gene expression profiling of ageing and of dietary manipulations of ageing , such as caloric restriction .
software for ageing research , including the ageing research computational tools ( arct ) perl toolkit .
a curated database of ageing and life history information in animals , including extensive longevity records .
the benchmark genome assembly and annotation of the long - lived , cancer - resistant naked mole - rat ( heterocephalus glaber ) .
a high - coverage genome of the bowhead whale ( balaena mysticetus ) , the longest - lived mammal .
analyses using the anage database to study the evolution of longevity and ageing in vertebrate lineages .
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the whosage database contains people and biotech companies that are contributing to increase our understanding of ageing and life - extension .
one ringed individual was at least 32 . 9 years of age the last time it was re - identified [ 0856 ] . there is also an anecdotal report of a specimen living 63 years in the faroe islands [ 0444 ] , but its authenticity is dubious .
[ 1143 ] nussey et al . ( 2013 ) , senescence in natural populations of animals : widespread evidence and its implications for bio - gerontology ( pubmed )
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
cramp , s . and simmons , k . e . l . ( eds ) . 1977 - 1994 . handbook of the birds of europe , the middle east and africa . the birds of the western palearctic . oxford university press , oxford .
ashpole , j , butchart , s . , calvert , r . , ekstrom , j . , malpas , l .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km 2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the overall population trend is not known but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is extremely large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
this species breeds in north - east north america and across much of europe and asia , excluding the north of each continent ( northern scandinavia and north russia ) , and south asia . some populations in north america and the milder areas of europe are resident , with the remaining populations wintering to the south over a large range , encompassing much of the southern coast of asia and europe , and the central and northern coast of africa ( del hoyo
its diet consists predominantly of aquatic and terrestrial insects , earthworms and marine invertebrates ( e . g . molluscs , crustaceans and marine worms ) ( del hoyo
conservation actions underway the following information refers to the species ' s european range only : the species is listed under the african eurasian waterbird agreement . within the eu it is listed on annex ii of the birds directive . within europe it is listed in 43 marine important bird areas . in the eu it is listed in 928 special protection areas . conservation actions proposed the following information refers to the species ' s european range only : management plans established for protected sites , including monitoring and enforcement from disturbance and removal of eggs .
( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t22694420a111823721 .
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on tuesday , stuart phoned raou headquarters in melbourne and asked for details of any relevant gulls to be faxed .
the most noticeable aspect was that the bird never stayed still . on the water , it continually swam back and forth feeding . on the bank , it preened .
on the saturday , the bird was initially swimming with a few silver gulls , but it spent most of its time preening itself amongst a loose flock of silver gulls on the bank between two ponds . it flew back to the pond when we approached closer than 20m , and it eventually left the area altogether .
the preening of its wings and body was mostly with its bill , although on one occasion it scratched its head with its right foot . we mostly saw it preening on the saturday when we were more concerned about the details of identification rather than its behaviour .
size . when the bird was on the bank , it was approximately the same size as the silver gulls that were very close to it , or very slightly smaller if there was any difference . however , when it was swimming it appeared slightly but noticeably larger than the silver gulls , but this may have been because of its more upright posture .
head . the head was a dark chocolate brown colour mostly , although the forehead and down to the bill was lighter . the line of the edge of the hood was distinct . from the rear it was level with the eyes . from the side , the line was slightly more vertical than diagonal . from the front , the line could be clearly seen below the throat . also from behind when it was swimming , the neck appeared much thinner than the head , probably because of its upright posture .
eye ring . the bird had a pale yellow or cream coloured eye ring , although the front half ( or part of it ) was often not apparent . the eye was dark .
bill . the bill was a very deep red colour , and was similar in shape and size to the silver gulls . there was no significant difference in the colour of the tip of the bill .
legs . the legs were also a very deep red colour , very similar to the darkest leg colour of the silver gulls . they were a similar length to the silver gulls . the legs did not quite extend to the end of the tail in flight .
body . the back of the head , the front and the belly were a clean white . from memory the colour of the back in flight was silver grey , but it might have been white .
tail . the tail was a clean white above and below in flight . it was very slightly rounded and was occasionally fanned wider . the underneath of the tail appeared discoloured when the bird was swimming , but this was due to the reflection of the colour of the water .
gape . the inside of the mouth was a bright red when it opened its bill to call .
its breeding distribution is shown extending from central and southern europe ( including the uk ) through to central continental asia but not including japan .
broome is one of the most important sites in the world for migratory birds . in particular , october is near the end of the arrival of hundreds of thousands of migratory waders from the northern hemisphere representing over 30 species including asian dowitchers , redshanks and broad - billed sandpipers . october is also the beginning of the arrival of other species such as dollarbirds , yellow wagtails and barn swallows .
the sewage ponds in particular have been the site of uncommon sightings in the past at this time of year such as wood sandpipers , long - toed stints , gallinago spp snipe , little ringed plovers , garganey and a ruff ( or reeve ) .
it is therefore not surprising that a vagrant from asia or europe should be found in broome , especially at this time of the year .
please note that the gate to the sewage ponds is kept chained and locked by the local water authority . you should get permission from them before visiting . however , the wardens of the broome bird observatory have been given a key and have permission to take groups to the sewage ponds . they also have permission to visit many places on the roebuck plains cattle station which is otherwise off limits .
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seagull eggs , a delicacy highly sought after by the nation ' s top restaurants , could soon be off the menu because of a shortage of collectors .
they are now a staple of top restaurants such as wiltons , le gavroche , the ivy and le caprice , gentlemen ' s clubs such as white ' s , brooks ' s and boodle ' s , and are also sold at harrods and fortnum and mason .
the eggs are growing in popularity and around 40 , 000 eggs a year are sold in the uk . but suppliers say the industry could soon disappear .
there are about 25 people who have a licence to collect the eggs but sources in the industry say that only around a third of these , all over retirement age , are still actively involved .
natural england will only grant licences to people with a
traditional claim
, meaning that there is little chance of new collectors entering the market .
steven downey , who supplies about three - quarters of the seagulls ' eggs sold in the uk each year through his company , chefdirect , said :
given that there seems to be a reluctance to issue new licences to people , it is something that will die out .
i know the pickers are finding it harder and harder to get licences . it feels a bit like the arguments over foxhunting . and if attitudes don ' t change , we will lose them .
the eggs are traditionally eaten hard - boiled , with celery salt , but as they have become increasingly fashionable , so chefs have experimented more with them .
at le gavroche , in central london , this year , they will be served poached , either with artichokes , smoked salmon and caviar , or with chicken , truffles and foie gras .
emmanuel landré , manager at the restaurant , said :
at the beginning , many people are alarmed to be eating seagulls ' eggs . it is not something you expect to eat . but they are always very happy with them at the end .
it is a very , very popular food . it makes a huge impact . i had never heard about it when i was in france . there are very strict regulations governing it . we have been serving seagulls ' eggs for 40 years and i don ' t see why we should change .


amolops gerbillus is a species of frog found in asia .

it is native to northern and northeastern india , tibet ( china ) , and myanmar , and possibly to bhutan and nepal .

its common names include yembung sucker frog and gerbil stream frog .

it is a semi-aquatic frog occurring in hill streams .

amolops gerbillus

amolops ( amolops ) gerbillus — dubois , 1992 , bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon , 61 : 321 .
amolops gerbillus — fei , ye , and huang , 1990 , key to chinese amph . : 165 .
dana campbell added the english common name
gerbil frog
to
amolops gerbillus ( annandale , 1912 )
.
dana campbell added the english common name
yembung sucker frog
to
amolops gerbillus ( annandale , 1912 )
.
dana campbell added the english common name
gerbil stream frog
to
amolops gerbillus ( annandale , 1912 )
.
dana campbell added the english common name
small - eared torrent frog
to
amolops gerbillus ( annandale , 1912 )
.
dana campbell added the english common name
gerbil ' s stream frog
to
amolops gerbillus ( annandale , 1912 )
.
the reported occurrence in myanmar of this species has now been attributed to amolops bellulus .
rana gerbillus — zhao and adler , 1993 , herpetol . china : 142 .
rana ( hylorana ) gerbillus — boulenger , 1920 , rec . indian mus . , 20 : 127 - 130 .
{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . amolops gerbillus ( annandale , 1912 ) . [ online ] bhutan biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 10 , 2018 ] .
{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . amolops gerbillus ( annandale , 1912 ) . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 9 , 2018 ] .
rana gerbillus annandale , 1912 , rec . indian mus . , 8 : 10 . holotype : zsic 16925 , according to dinesh , radhakrishnan , gururaja , and bhatta , 2009 , rec . zool . surv . india , occas . pap . , 302 : 69 . type locality :
yembung , abor foot - hills at an altitude of 1 , 100 . ft .
, arunachal pradesh , india ( in region claimed by china ) .
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frost , d . r . 2016 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 6 . 0 ( 31 march 2016 ) . new york , usa . available at : urltoken .
justification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .
this species is known from northeast india ( meghalaya , arunchal pradesh , assam , nagaland and west bengal ) . records in fei ( 1999 ) from xizang province near the border with india require confirmation . it is found at elevations of between 100 and 1 , 700m asl .
a semi - aquatic species found in hill streams . calling takes place on the stream banks and eggs are deposited on stones at the stream edge .
it is threatened by changes in water management ( dam construction ) and unspecified agricultural pollution .
this species has been recorded from dihang - dibang biosphere reserve and mouling national park ( arunachal pradesh , india ) . recent field studies including this species have been undertaken by roy ( 1999 ) , brodoli and borah ( 1998 - 2002 ) and chanda ( 1994 ) . it is protected by national legislation in india .
sushil dutta , mohammed firoz ahmed , saibal sengupta , debjani roy , sabitry bordoloi . 2004 .
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* will not find nomina inquirenda ; use basic search ( above ) for that purpose .
will find all uses of
hyl . . .
anywhere in a record : e . g . , hylarana , hyla , hylidae , hylinae , hylaedactyla .
will find all uses of
. . . hyla
anywhere in a record : e . g . , hyla , hylidae , plectrohyla , ptychadena hylaea , adenomera hylaedactyla
will find all records that contain stand - alone uses of hyla : e . g . , hyla , hyla arenicolor
interprets this as
lithobates or pipiens
so will find the union of all records that contain either
lithobates
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: e . g . , lithobates omiltemanus , hylorana pipiens
interprets this as
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so will return all records that have the character string
lithobates pipiens
anywhere within a record : e . g . , all members of the lithobates pipiens complex .
yembung sucker frog ( frank and ramus , 1995 , compl . guide scient . common names amph . rept . world : 97 ) .
gerbil stream frog ( das and dutta , 1998 , hamadryad , 23 : 64 ; dinesh , radhakrishnan , gururaja , and bhatta , 2009 , rec . zool . surv . india , occas . pap . , 302 : 68 ) .
small - eared torrent frog ( fei , 1999 , atlas amph . china : 232 ) .
gerbil frog ( chanda , 2002 , handb . indian amph . : 108 ) .
gerbil ' s stream frog ( mathew and sen , 2010 , pict . guide amph . ne india : 72 ) .
southern slope of himalayas in xizang ( china ) , northern and northeastern india ( sikkim , assam , meghalaya , nagaland , mizoram , manipur , west bengal , and arunachal pradesh ) and adjacent myanmar ; possibly in bhutan and nepal .
please note : these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the american museum of natural history . we are not responsible for their content .
for access to available specimen data for this species , from over 350 scientific collections , go to vertnet .
copyright © 1998 - 2018 , darrel frost and the american museum of natural history . all rights reserved .
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed jul 9 , 2018 .
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed 9 jul 2018 .
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this paper presents the state - of - the - knowledge on herpetofauna ( reptiles and amphibians ) of bhut . . .
we present the results of a rapid herpetofaunal inventory conducted in royal manas national park . . .
this report gives a summary of the status of amphibian study in bhutan and a checklist of amphib . . .
< a target = ' _ blank ' href = ' urltoken ' > iucn 2011 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2011 . 2 . exported on 12 january 2012 < / a >
calling takes place on the stream banks and eggs are deposited on stones at the stream edge . eggs are laid on moist rocks . the tadpoles are also found clinging on rocks of the stream can move vertically or horizontally on wet rocks with the help of adhesive sucker .
describes reproductive physiology and behavior , including mating and life history variables . includes cues , strategies , restraints , rates .
describes average size , max , range ; type of size ( perimeter , length , volume , weight . . . ) .
depressed head and rounded snout . canthus rostralis is very distinct ; tympanum is distinct and round . fingers are slender , free and with a large disc at tip ; toes are with large disc , and toes are almost completely webbed . skin is feebly granulated . dorsally greenish , marbled with black . on the fore and hind limbs there are irregular pattern of alternate and pale cross bands . . tympanum is dark brown is colour . ventrally the skin is pale yellow or white
describes the general appearance of the taxon ; e . g body plan , shape and color of external features , typical postures . may be referred to as or include habit , defined as the characteristic mode of growth or occurrence associated to its environment , particularly for plants . comprising its size , shape , texture and orientation . example : tree , shrubs , herbs . may also be referred to include anatomy .
this species is found round the year , in and around hilly stream and waterfalls with rocky base . the species of frog can stick vertically on rocks and can easily move up the rock of the stream .
relations that living organisms have with respect to each other and their natural environment . variables of interest to ecologists include the composition , distribution , amount ( biomass ) , number , and changing states of organisms within and among ecosystems .
it occupies terrestrial and freshwater habitat . they are seen in numbers in the crevices of the rocks of the streams which are kept wet by sprinkling water of the stream .
general description of the sites where the species is found ( ecosystem , forest , environment or microhabitat ) . includes realm ( e . g terrestrial etc ) and climatic information ( e . g boreal ) ; also includes requirements and tolerances ; horizontal and vertical ( altitudinal ) distribution . also includes information referring to territorial extension of the individual or group in terms of its activities ( feeding , mating , etc . ) , associated mostly to vertebrates .
enumerates geographic entities where the taxon lives . covers ranges , e . g . , a global range , or a narrower one ; may be biogeographical , political or other ( e . g . , managed areas like conservencies ) ; endemism ; native or exotic . does not include altitudinal distribution , which is covered under habitat .
dr . chandra barooah & lani sarma ( 2016 ) assam science technology and environment council .
includes abundance information ( population size , density ) and demographics ( e . g . age stratification ) .
describes the likelihood of the species becoming extinct in the present day or in the near future . population size is treated under population biology , and trends in population sizes are treated under trends . however , this is the preferred element if an object includes all of these things and details about conservation listings .
it is threatened by changes in water management ( dam construction ) , mining and unspecified agricultural pollution .
frost , darrel r . 2016 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 6 ( 03 - 04 - 2017 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa .
diversity and distribution of herpetofauna and evaluation of their conservation status in the barail . . .
a herpetofaunal inventory of barail wildlife sanctuary and adjacent regions , assam , north - eastern indi . . .
an inventory of amphibian and reptiles from the barail wildlife sanctuary and its surroundi . . .
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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frost , darrel r . 2004 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 3 . 0 ( 22 august , 2004 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa
amphibian species of the world : an online reference v5 . 3 , database ( version 5 . 3 )
frost , darrel r . 2009 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 5 . 3 ( 12 february , 2009 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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mordellistena subunicolor is a species of beetle in the mordellistena genus that is in the mordellidae family .

it was described by píc in 1937 .

mordellistena subunicolor

this is the place for subunicolor definition . you find here subunicolor meaning , synonyms of subunicolor and images for subunicolor copyright 2017 © urltoken
¿qué significa mordellistena ? existen 2 definiciones para la palabra mordellistena . también puedes añadir tu mismo una definición para mordellistena
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word subunicolor . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word subunicolor and , of course , subunicolor synonyms and on the right images related to the word subunicolor .
mordellistena es un género de coleópteros de la familia mordellidae . incluye las siguientes especies : [ 1 ]
larva : mordellistena is the only genus in this family which larvae have characteristic tergal processes and paired urogomphi ( comment by artjom zaitsev ) .
mordellistena là một chi bọ cánh cứng trong họ mordellidae . [ 1 ] chi này được miêu tả khoa học năm 1854 bởi costa .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
formerly treated in a much broader sense ; many spp . have been moved to other genera , incl .
small , slender , linear or wedge - shaped . scutellum somewhat trianglular , rounded . antennae usually threadlike , sometimes slightly sawtoothed . eyes coarsely granulate . each hind tibia has 1 - 6 short , more or less oblique ridges on outer surface ; tarsal segments may also bear ridges . most are solid black , but some have red , orange or yellow markings
plants in aster family , some trees , mostly oak . for many species , food in unknown .
ford e . j . , jackman j . a . ( 1996 ) new larval host plant associations of tumbling flower beetles ( coleoptera : mordellidae ) in north america . coleopterists bulletin 50 : 361 - 368 .
nomenclatural changes for selected mordellidae ( coleoptera ) in north america j . a . jackman & w . lu . 2001 . insecta mundi 15 ( 1 ) : 31 - 34 .
taxonomic changes for fifteen species of north american mordellidae ( coleoptera ) a . e . lisberg . 2003 . insecta mundi 17 ( 3 - 4 ) : 191 - 194 .
american beetles , volume ii : polyphaga : scarabaeoidea through curculionoidea arnett , r . h . , jr . , m . c . thomas , p . e . skelley and j . h . frank . ( eds . ) . 2002 . crc press llc , boca raton , fl .
a manual of common beetles of eastern north america dillon , elizabeth s . , and dillon , lawrence . 1961 . row , peterson , and company .
peterson field guides : beetles richard e . white . 1983 . houghton mifflin company .
the book of field and roadside : open - country weeds , trees , and wildflowers of eastern north america john eastman , amelia hansen . 2003 . stackpole books .
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
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potamon potamios is a semi-terrestrial crab occurring around the eastern mediterranean , including many mediterranean islands , extending as far south and west as the sinai peninsula .

potamon potamios

subfamily potaminae . seven subspecies of p . potamios have been recognised over the years ( ghiavarini 1934 ; pretzmann 1962 , 1984 , 1986 ; bott 1967 ) mainly to recognise subpopulations of this species that inhabit islands . this taxon was most recently revised as potamon ( potamon ) potamios by brandis et al . ( 2000 ) and it is treated here as potamon potamios .
photo of the freshwater crab , potamon potamios , one of the four freshwater crab species found in greece . its distribution is now very limited due to the destruction of its habitat by humans .
in cyprus , p . potamios is threatened by deforestation , loss of water in its habitat , and pollution from pesticides . protection from these threats may be provided to those populations of crabs that are found in the state forests which are protected areas in the westernmost tip of the island of cyprus that may become part of a national park in the near future .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
cyprus ; egypt ( sinai ) ; greece ( east aegean is . , kriti ) ; israel ; jordan ; lebanon ; palestinian territory , occupied ; syrian arab republic ; turkey ( turkey - in - asia )
no conservation measures are known to be in place for this species in most parts of its range .
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database contains : 10 . 643 species ( 763 with photo ) , 1 . 682 genera , 124 families
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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