the palawan treeshrew ( tupaia palawanensis ) is a treeshrew species endemic to the palawan island , philippines , where it occurs from sea level to an elevation of 1,400 m ( 4,600 ft ) .

the population is considered steady .

formerly , it was considered a subspecies of the common treeshrew .

palawan treeshrew

palawan treeshrew by lambert m . surhone , mariam t . tennoe , susan f . henssonow
we placed palawan , calamian islands , and cuyo islands into a single ecoregion , the palawan rain forests [ im0143 ] . palawan has closer zoogeographic affinities to borneo .
high quality content by wikipedia articles ! the palawan treeshrew ( tupaia palawanensis ) is a species of treeshrew in the tupaiidae family . it is endemic to the philippines . it is threatened by habitat loss . this book was created using print - on - demand technology .
yan wong changed the thumbnail image of
file : nicobar treeshrew ( tupaia nicobarica nicobarica ) . jpg
.
there are many endemic mammals in palawan , but nearly all the genera ( 96 percent ) are also found in borneo . of twenty - five indigenous nonvolant mammal species , eleven ( 44 percent ) are endemic to palawan , and the remainder are shared with borneo . therefore , the greater palawan region is rightly considered part of the sunda shelf bioregion rather than that of the philippines . the large number of endemic species but few endemic genera of palawan are consistent with a separation of borneo and palawan of approximately 160 , 000 ( since the middle pleistocene ) ( heaney 1986 ) . there are fifteen endemic or near - endemic mammals in greater palawan ( table 1 ) .
several of palawan ' s endemic mammals are considered threatened . three endemic mammal species are considered endangered , including the calamian deer , a sunda tree squirrel ( sundasciurus juvencus ) ( recommended for delisting ; heaney et al . 1998 ) , and the palawan rat ( palawanomys furvus ) , which was collected only four times in 1962 . a subspecies of mouse deer , the balabac chevrotain ( tragulus napu nigricans ) , which is confined to balabac island , is also considered endangered . five endemic mammal species are considered vulnerable , including acerodon leucotis , the palawan treeshrew ( tupaia palawanensis ) , the palawan stink badger ( mydaus marchei ) , the palawan binturong ( arctictis binturong whitei ) , and a sunda tree squirrel ( sundasciurus rabori ) ( iucn 2000 ) .
results of a behavioral study of a group of 12 wild - caught captive mountain treeshrews indicate that they are more social than groups of other treeshrew species . two males tended to dominate the group . females had an
the channel between palawan and borneo is about 145 m deep . during the middle pleistocene , sea levels were 160 m lower than today , and the islands were connected . during the last ice age ( late pleistocene ) , sea level was approximately 120 m below current levels , and palawan was separated from ice age borneo by a narrow channel . palawan has always remained separated from the rest of the philippines . palawan is long and narrow , consisting of a steep mountain range whose highest point is 2 , 085 m ( mt . mantalingajan ) . more than 45 percent of palawan consists of mountains with slopes greater than 30 percent ( davis et al . 1995 ) .
high quality content by wikipedia articles ! the palawan treeshrew ( tupaia palawanensis ) is a species of treeshrew in the tupaiidae family . it is endemic to the philippines . it is threatened by habitat loss . the treeshrews ( or tree shrews ) are small mammals native to the tropical forests of southeast asia . they make up the families tupaiidae , the treeshrews , and ptilocercidae , the pen - tailed treeshrews , and the entire order scandentia . there are 20 species in 5 genera . treeshrews have a higher brain to body mass ratio than humans , though this is not uncommon for animals weighing less than a kilogram .
collins , p . m . and tsang , w . n . ( 1987 ) . growth and reproductive development in the male treeshrew ( tupaia belangeri ) from birth to sexual maturity . biology of reproduction 37 ( 2 ) : 261–267 .
thomas , o . ( 1894 ) . on the palawan representative of tupaia ferruginea . the annals and magazine of natural history 6 ( 13 ) : 367 .
the mountain treeshrew is dark grizzled rufous above with an indistinct black line along the back . its tail is rather short and grizzled rufous above , but below more olivaceous yellow with a black tip . the lateral tail hairs are ringed . the head and body length measures 15–33
palawan ' s forests are of low commercial value because of the small number of dipterocarps , and until the last twenty years palawan ' s forests were ignored in favor of the more valuable forests of luzon and mindanao . government logging regulations setting guidelines for minimum diameter , minimum rotation length , and replanting have been largely ignored ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .
this ecoregion corresponds exactly with the palawan eba ( stattersfield et al . 1998 ) . the eba contains twenty restricted - range birds , seventeen of which are found nowhere else on earth and five of which ( palawan peacock - pheasant [ polyplectron emphanum ] , grey imperial - pigeon [ ducula pickeringii ] , blue - headed racquet - tail [ prioniturus platenae ] , falcated wren - babbler [ ptilocichla falcata ] , and palawan flycatcher [ ficedula platenae ] ) are considered vulnerable ( collar 1999 ) . all these vulnerable birds are dependent on lowland and hill forest ( collar et al . 1999 ; stattersfield et al . 1998 ) . there are twenty endemic or near - endemic bird species in the palawan ecoregion ( kennedy et al . 2000 ; table 2 ) .
description location and general description this ecoregion includes the island palawan plus balabac , ursula island , and the calamian group . palawan itself is the sixth largest of the philippine islands . the climate of the ecoregion is tropical wet ( national geographic society 1999 ) . in northwest palawan , a dry season lasts from november to may while the wet season lasts from june to october ; the rest of the island experiences a short , one - to three - month dry season . the east coast becomes progressively drier than the west coast from north to south ( davis et al . 1995 ) .
biodiversity features relative to the size of palawan , the ecoregion contains a rich fauna , including several groups that are not found in the rest of the philippines ( carnivores , pangolins , porcupines , and some insectivores ) ( heaney 1986 ) .
( tupaia palawanensis ) iucn : least concern nom français : toupaie de palawan status in captivity : this species has probably never been displayed anywhere in captivity outside philippines . even there , it remains extremely rare and probably never or very seldom bred .
currently , palawan ' s mineral wealth ( chromite , copper , iron , manganese , mercury , and nickel ) has not been extensively exploited , but the possible future extraction of these minerals represents a potential threat ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .
hunting and the wild pet trade are also significant threats in palawan . leopard cats have been hunted for their pelts and are sold when kittens as pets ( heaney and regalado 1998 ) . the palawan binturong is hunted for meat and as pets , and the pangolin is hunted for its hide ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) . the palawan peacock - pheasant ( dickinson et al . 1991 ; collar et al . 1999 ) , blue - headed racquet - tail ( collar et al . 1999 ) , philippine cockatoos ( cacatua haematuropygia ) , and blue - naped parrots ( tanygnathus lucionensis ) ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) apparently are suffering greatly from the pet trade . the final destination for these birds often is the united states ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .
palawan represents a bridge between the sunda shelf and philippine bioregions and contains faunal elements from both , as well as it own unique elements . this ecoregion , though more intact than any other region in the philippines , is under great pressure from logging interests .
because of a generally high population density in other parts of the philippines , large numbers of shifting cultivators ( kaingineros ) are attracted to palawan to eke out a living on the hillsides of the island , and their cumulative impact is enormous ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .
limestone forests are found on the islets surrounding palawan and over large areas in the southern portions of the island . represented are euphorbia trigona , aglaia argentea , and antidesma , drypetes , gomphandra , sterculia , pleomele , and begonia spp . ( davis et al . 1995 ) .
all of palawan was declared a fauna and flora watershed reserve , and this includes a variety of protected areas , including national parks , wilderness areas , experimental forests , forest research reserves , game refuges , wildlife sanctuaries , museum reservations and research sites , tourist zones , and marine reserves .
a total of 1 , 522 ( davis et al . 1995 ) to 1 , 672 ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) vascular plants have been identified on palawan , and it is estimated that more than 2 , 000 species are present on the island . as detailed earlier , palawan has an extremely diverse range of vegetation types for the philippines . a small number of dipterocarps , an important timber tree group , are present on the island , as well as a variety of medicinal plants used by ethnic tribes and plants used in ceremony and as ornamentals ( davis et al . 1995 ) .
current status almost all of the philippines was once completely forested ( dickinson et al . 1991 ) . as of 1988 , palawan contained 7 , 410 km2 ( 54 percent ) of total forest remaining ( ssc 1988 ) . at the time this was the highest percentage of any of the philippines ' large islands .
recent reports in the international press indicate ( and have been confirmed , l . heaney , pers . comm . , 2000 ) that the situation in palawan has stabilized , that large - scale logging has been halted , and that a balance is being achieved between economic development and conservation ; future monitoring will determine whether this is remains true .
victoria peak , in south - central palawan , contains the largest region of ultramafic forest on the island . although many of the ultramafic tree species are shared with semi - deciduous forest , several species , including scaevola micrantha , brackenridgea palustris var . foxworthi , exocarpus latifolius , and phyllanthus lamprophyllus are believed to be heavy metal indicators ( davis et al . 1995 ) .
vegetation types on palawan are diverse and include beach forest , tropical lowland evergreen dipterocarp rain forest , lowland semi - deciduous forest , montane forest , and ultramafic and limestone forest . beach forest merges with other forest types away from the coast and includes calophyllum inophyllum , canarium asperum var . asperum , pometia pinnata , palaquium dubardii , and ficus spp . ( davis et al . 1995 ) .
the lowland evergreen dipterocarp rain forest , which naturally occupies 31 percent of the island , is dominated by agalai spp . , dipterocarpus gracilis , d . grandiflorus , ficus spp . , tristania spp . , exocarpus latifolius , and swintonia foxworthyi . sygium spp . , dracontomelon dao , and pongamia pinnata are emergent . lianas and cycads are common . in southern palawan , a casuarina sp . dominates in the lowland forests ( davis et al . 1995 ) .
justification of ecoregion delineation mackinnon ( 1997 ) identified seven subunits in the philippines , and the philippine biodiversity action plan ( philippine bap 1997 ) demarcated fifteen biogeographic units . udvardy ( 1975 ) identified the philippines as a single biogeographic province . we delineated nine ecoregions in the philippine islands , including palawan . we deviated from udvardy ( 1975 ) , mackinnon ( 1997 ) , stattersfield et al . ( 1998 ) , and the philippine bap ( 1997 ) to varying degrees and based our delineation of the philippine ecoregions on heaney ( 1993 ) .
types and severity of threats habitat destruction is the main threat to biodiversity in the philippines , and palawan , though currently in better condition , is no different . logging and shifting cultivation ( kaingin ) are cited as the primary forces of habitat conversion . logging takes many forms , from industrial scale to smaller - scale operations that use water buffalo to haul logs out of the forest . mangroves are used locally for firewood , dyes , and tannins ( davis et al . 1995 ) , and they are sometimes removed to make way for fishponds ( quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
your web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .
your list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .
note : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .
the e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
the e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
please choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .
this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
mammalogists for helping to forge the nomenclatural mesh that holds our science together . * journal of mammalogy * to refer to this work as a checklist undervalues it and does not give sufficient credit to the authors and editors for their meticulous efforts in its production . a valuable reference work and a vital tool , particularly for researchers . * journal of natural history * by far the most convenient source for finding the correct scientific name of any mammal and should be on the reference shelf of libraries striving to have useful science sections . * science books and films * the editors and authors are to be congratulated for undertaking such an outstanding and authoritative work , and it should serve as a standard reference for mammalian species taxonomy for many years to come . * journal of mammalian evolution * the third edition adds to its reputation as an outstanding and authorative work . * national museum of natural history weekly update & forecast * impressive and elegant work . - - g . r . seamons * reference reviews * a must - have text for any professional mammalogist , and a useful and authoritative reference for scientists and students in other disciplines . * southeastern naturalist * a magnificent work important to anyone seriously interested in mammals . this work is essential for academic or special libraries supporting zoology or conservation and for large public libraries . * american reference books annual * as were many of our colleagues , we were waiting for this revised edition since 2003 . . . we can say that the wait was worth it . - - sergio solari and robert j . baker * journal of mammalogy *
add tags for
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference
.
you may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
worldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more ››
don ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml + rdfa 1 . 0 / / en
urltoken
cites is an international agreement between governments , aimed to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival .
english german online dictionary term bank , where you can search in more than 2 million words in categories and different pronunciation options .
double - check spelling , grammar , punctuation . translators work best when there are no errors or typos .
if words are different , search our dictionary to understand why and pick the right word .
if phrases are different , try searching our examples to help pick the right phrase .
we ' ve combined the most accurate english to spanish translations , dictionary , verb conjugations , and spanish to english translators into one very powerful search box .
spanishdict is devoted to improving our site based on user feedback and introducing new and innovative features that will continue to help people learn and love the spanish language . have a suggestion , idea , or comment ? send us your feedback .
we don ' t know when or if this item will be back in stock .
instantly receive a £10 urltoken gift card if you’re approved for the amazon platinum mastercard with instant spend . representative 21 . 9 % apr ( variable ) .
credit offered by newday ltd , over 18s only , subject to status . terms apply .
enter your mobile number or email address below and we ' ll send you a link to download the free kindle app . then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone , tablet , or computer - no kindle device required .
prime members enjoy fast & free shipping , unlimited streaming of movies and tv shows with prime video and many more exclusive benefits .
after viewing product detail pages , look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2
with contributions by bernadette n . graham , adam p . potter , and mariana m . upmeyer
comments : included in t . glis by corbet ( in corbet and hill , 1992 ) and many earlier authors , but specific separation is supported by pelage coloration differences , craniodental features ( k . h . han et al . , 2000 ) , karyotypic data ( arrighi et al . , 1969 ) , and immunological distances ( dene et al . , 1978 ) . t . moellendorffi is provisionally separated from palawanensis here ( see account above )
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
the eastern half of the island is in a rain shadow and contains moist semi - deciduous forests . soils are thin on the steeper slopes and support medium - sized trees ( up to 15 m tall ) , which shed their leaves during the march - may dry season . the rainy season is june - july . common tree species include pterocymbium tinctorium , pterospermum diversifolium , hymenodictyon spp . , and garuga floribunda ( davis et al . 1995 ) .
montane forests , found between 800 and 1 , 500 m , are dominated by tristania spp . , casuarina spp . , swietenia foxworthyi , and litsea spp . in the lower elevations . upper montane forest trees include agathis philippinensis , dacrydium pectinatum , podocarpus polystachyus , gnetum latifolium , cycas wadei , cinnamomum rupestre , nepenthes philippinensis , and angiopteris spp . ( davis et al . 1995 ) .
family species pteropodidae acerodon leucotis * cervidae axis calamianensis * sciuridae sundasciurus steerii * sciuridae sundasciurus moellendorfi * sciuridae sundasciurus rabori * sciuridae hylopetes nigripes * muridae chiropodomys calamianensis * muridae maxomys panglima * muridae palawanomys furvus * hystricidae hystrix pumila * sorcidae crocidura palawanensis * muridae haeromys sp . a * sciuridae sundasciurus hoogstraali * sciuridae sundasciurus juvencus * tupaiidae tupaia palawanensis *
the calamian deer ( axis calamianensis ) is found only in the calamian islands , where it survives in low densities on busuanga , calauit , and culion islands . the only protected area for this species was established to protect free - ranging african ungulates on calauit island ( wemmer 1998 ) .
later aerial surveys ( development alternatives 1992 ) indicated that significant reductions in closed - canopy forest cover had occurred since 1988 as a result of recent logging . as seen from the air , the lowlands and hillsides consist of slash - and - burn agriculture up to the edges of natural forest in the highlands . closed - canopy forest caps only the highest areas on the island .
ornamental plant collecting , especially for the orchids ( phalaenopsis amabilis and paphiopedilum argus ) , pitcher plants ( nepenthes spp . ) , palms ( veitchia merrillii ) , and aroids ( amorphophallus spp . and alocasia spp . ) threatens some plant populations ( davis et al . 1995 ) .
a valuable resin , known as manila copal , is collected from agathis dammara trees . this collection weakens the trees , and slackening production and disease combined with overexploitation are threatening the species ( davis et al . 1995 ; quinnell and balmford 1988 ) .
references references for this ecoregion are currently consolidated in one document for the entire indo - pacific realm . indo - pacific reference list
world wildlife fund 1250 24th street , n . w . washington , dc 20037
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en
the major threat to this species is loss of habitat due to logging , agricultural expansion and conversion of land to plantations .
it occurs in several protected areas throughout its range , including lanjak - entimau wildlife sanctuary ( han and engkamat 2000 ) . the preservation of old and regenerating forested areas , and natural forest remnants within tree plantations , will benefit this species . it is listed on cites appendix ii .
helgen , k . m . ( 2005 ) .
tupaia gracilis
. in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . p . 106 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .
han , k . h . & stuebing , r . ( 2008 ) . tupaia gracilis . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 30 december 2008 .
this species is found on borneo below 1 , 200 m , in sabah and sarawak ( malaysia ) and kalimantan ( indonesia ) except in the south - east ; west to the islands of karimata , belitung , and bangka , and north to banggi island ( helgen 2005 ) . it is sympatric with tupaia minor , t . longipes , and t . tana on borneo ( .
this species is found in lowland old growth forests , secondary forest and in older ( > 5years ) tree plantations ( r . stuebing pers . comm . ) .
listed as least concern as although the species is not common and its habitat continues to decline in the face of ongoing forest loss in the lowlands of borneo , the species shows some adaptability to disturbed environments , and it is unlikely that past or future declines over 10 years would not be at a rate that would warrant listing in a threatened category .
this species is somewhat rare ( k . h . han pers . comm . ) . it seems patchily distributed , being present at low densities in some sites , but apparently absent from other forested areas ( r . stuebing pers . comm . ) .
except where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .
this species is endemic to borneo , where it is found in sabah and sarawak ( malaysia ) , kalimantan ( indonesia ) , and brunei ( helgen 2005 ) . it is more commonly found below 1 , 000 m ( k . h . han pers . comm . ) .
this species is reliant on pristine forest ; however , they do survive in natural forest remnants in tree plantations and regenerating shifting agriculture plots ( r . stuebing pers . comm . ) .
listed as least concern as although the species has probably undergone declines due to ongoing forest loss , particularly at low elevations , these declines over 10 years are unlikely to be sufficient to warrant listing in a threatened category .
formerly common in borneo , but there have probably since been declines throughout the range .
the main threat to this species is deforestation and habitat degradation due to agriculture and conversion to non - timber plantations .
this species is found in several protected areas . it is listed on cites appendix ii .
helgen , k . m . ( 2005 ) .
tupaia longipes
. in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . p . 107 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .
han , k . h . & stuebing , r . ( 2008 ) . tupaia longipes . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 30 december 2008 .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
endemic to the mindanao faunal region , philippines . it has been recorded from dinagat , mindanao ( bukidnon , davao del sur , misamis occidental , misamis oriental , south cotabato , surigao del norte , and zamboanga del sur provinces ) , and siargao ( heaney et al . 1998 ) . it ranges from 750 - 2 , 250 m on mindanao , whereas it is found at lower elevations on the other islands .
the philippine tree shrew is widely distributed on the mindanao , dinagat , and siargao islands of the philippines ( lyon 1913 ; nowak 1991 ) .
can easily be distinguished from other members of the tupaiidae by its even - haired round tail and elongated snout . furthermore , it has small zygomatic fenestra and large canine - like second incisors . compared to the rest of its family , the skull of
is large and angular , with a heavy rostrum . the claws on the fore feet are long and sharp . the dental and skull characteristics indicate that
is approximately 170 to 220 mm , while the tail is 115 to 175 mm . the feet are usually 50 mm long and the braincase is about 20 mm wide .
the upper parts of the animal are brownish in color , due to a mixture of tawny and blackish hair . most specimens also have an orange shoulder stripe . the underparts of the animal vary in color from orange to orangish - red . the chest is usually the brightest part . specimens from different areas also vary in color from each other . the specimens from dingagat are generally light in color with a golden sheen dorsally , while those from siargao are usually much darker .
type for urogale everetti catalog number : usnm 125287 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : e . mearns year collected : 1904 locality : mount apo , todaya , mindanao , davao del sur province , philippines , asia elevation ( m ) : 1219
type : mearns , e . a . 1905 may 13 . proceedings of the united states national museum . 28 : 435 .
the species inhabits mid - elevation ranges and prefers montane and lower mossy forest , though it can be found in disturbed habitats near forested areas ( l . heaney pers . comm . ) . although it exhibits some tolerance for light habitat disturbance ( for example , selective logging ) , it does not do well in heavily disturbed forest ( l . heaney pers . comm . ) .
philippine tree shrews are usually found inhabiting brush zones and dense vegetation along river beds . they have also been observed running and climbing in trees . natives of the philippines say that
specimens have been collected from the mountains of mindanao at elevations ranging from 3 , 000 to 4 , 000 feet above sea level . ( lyon 1913 ; nowak 1999 )
eats a variety of foods ranging from small animals and insects to fruits and vegetables .
has also been observed opening and eating eggs with enough skill to suggest that it does so in the wild . their appetite is large ; an individual can eat several bananas or two - ounce pieces of meat a day . eating is usually done in the morning , but water is consumed whenever possible .
urogale everetti preys on : non - insect arthropods this list may not be complete but is based on published studies .
myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2006 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed february 16 , 2011 at urltoken . urltoken
; however , one captive specimen lived to be 11 . 5 years old .
weigh approximately 20 grams and are about 103 mm long . after 13 to 25 days , the young open their eyes .
has been bred successfully in several zoos . the gestation period lasts 54 to 56 days and litters of only one or two have been reported . adult females have 2 mammae and suckle their young about once every two days . females are usually receptive to males soon after they give birth . ( hayssen et al . 1964 ; nowak 1999 ) .
tabaranza , b . , gonzalez , j . c . , rosell - ambal , g . & heaney , l .
listed as least concern as it is widespread within its limited range in the philippines and locally common . population declines may have occurred at lower elevation ranges due to deforestation , but the population is likely to be stable above 1 , 000 m and the species occurs in a number of protected areas .
the current plans for the conservation of tree shrews in southeast asia are outlined in
eurasian insectivores and tree shrew : status survey and conservation action plan
, a 1995 publication released by the iucn . the url for this site is urltoken .
populations is the destruction of their natural habitats by humans . because they aren ' t well known and don ' t have an economic value , this species and its habitat are being overlooked by conservationists .
this species is widespread and locally common in forests on dinagat and moderately common throughout mindanao .
the major threat is deforestation that has occurred at lower elevations , and much of this species ' habitat below 1000 m has been lost .
this species occurs in several protected areas . it is listed on cites appendix ii .
it is found , as its name suggests , in mindanao , in the philippines . it lives in rain forests and montane forests .
the body is 17 - 20 cm , and the tail is 11 - 17 cm . it has a particularly elongated snout and a rounded , even - haired tail . the fur is brownish , but with orange or yellow underparts .
it is diurnal in its habits , and it climbs well and runs fast on the ground .
its diet is varied . it includes insects , lizards , young birds , bird ' s eggs , and fruit .
it is thought that in the wild , it nests on the ground , or on cliffs . their breeding habits have been observed in captivity , where females have produced 1 or 2 young after a gestation period of 54 - 56 days .
helgen , k . m . ( 2005 ) . wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m , eds . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . pp . 108–109 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .
tabaranza , b . , gonzalez , j . c . , ambal , g . & heaney , l . ( 2008 ) . urogale everetti . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 30 december 2008 .
napier jr , napier ph . ( 1968 ) a handbook of living primates . morphology , ecology and behaviour of nonhuman primates . academic , london
this species is endemic to montane borneo where it is restricted to altitudes above 900 m ( payne et al . 1998 ) in malaysian northern borneo , including the mountains of north - eastern sarawak and mts . kinabalu and trus madi in sabah ( helgen 2005 ) . recorded from 1 , 200 m to elevations of 3 , 350 m ( corbet and hill 1992 ) .
this species is found in submontane and montane pristine forest . this species needs undergrowth as it comes down to forage for insects ( k . h . han pers . comm . ) .
this species does not appear to have been recorded since the early 1970s . a primarily montane species , it has probably undergone some declines due to loss of habitat , particularly at lower elevations , but the absence of any recent records hinders any reliable assessment of their status . this species is a priority for further survey work , pending which it may warrant listing in near threatened or higher .
this species has not been recorded since the early 1970s . between 1989 to 1991 , three sessions of trappings at the area ( sinsuran ridge , sabah ) where the animal was last caught in the early 1970s , failed to capture the animal ( k . h . han pers . comm . ) .
the major threat to this species is loss of habitat due to agricultural expansion and conversion of land to non - tree plantations at lower elevations .
it occurs in crocker range national park ( sabah , malaysia ) . it is listed on cites appendix ii .
head and body length is 5 in ( 13 cm ) , with tail length 4 . 5 in ( 11 cm ) . the body mass is about 1 . 5 oz ( 43 g ) . upper parts of the small body are dark brown , while the under parts are orange - buff with gray bases , and shiny black with reddish streaking along the sides . it has a short snout , with large ear flaps . prominent orange - brown rings exist around the eyes , with weakly marked facial streaks present on both side of the face , extending from the snout to ears . no shoulder streaks are present . the claws are notably sharp . the thin tail is covered with fine , smooth hair , with darkening towards the tip .
, which active in mossy trees and on rocky boulders in submontane and montane pristine forest . this species seems to feed predominantly on
is recorded from gunung dulit , gunung mulu , and the kelabit uplands in northern sarawak , and from the sabah - sarawak border . meanwhile ,
this species is listed as data deficient because it has not recorded since the early 1970s . the major threats for this species are loss of habitat due to the agricultural expansion and conversion of land to nontree plantations at lower elevations . this species may warrant listing in near threatened or higher . the conservation actions only occur at crocker range national park , sabah , malaysia .
gardner , a . ( 2005 ) . wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m , eds . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . pp . 104–105 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .
han , k . h . & stuebing , r . ( 2008 ) . dendrogale melanura . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 30 december 2008 .
francis , c . m . & payne , j . ( 2005 ) . a field guide to the mammals of borneo . malaysia : sabah society
in their natural habitat , mountain treeshrews were observed being active during the day . they forage on the ground among fallen logs and branches where they feed mostly on
. they also consume large quantities of wild fruits and berries , eating them in short bursts . it is assumed that they extract sugar laden juices and this way supplement dietary deficiencies of an arthropod diet .
lasted 49 to 51 days . they did not display a distinct reproductive season . litters comprised one to two young .
. they defecate into the plants ' pitchers while visiting them to feed on sweet , fruity secretions from glands on the pitcher lids .
. in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m .
thomas , o . ( 1892 ) . on some new mammalia from the east - indian archipelago . the annals and magazine of natural history 6 ( 9 ) : 250–254 .
emmons , l . ( 2000 ) . tupai : a field study of bornean treeshrews . berkeley and los angeles : university of california press .
sorenson , m . w . , conaway , c . h . ( 1968 ) . the social and reproductive behavior of tupaia montana in captivity . journal of mammalogy : 502–512 .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 11 / 8 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
this species is found in malaysia and indonesia , including southern borneo ( subspecies splendidula ) and karimata island ( carimatae ) , bunguran ( natunae ) and laut ( lucida ) in the northern natuna islands , and riabu ( riabus ) in the anambas islands ( helgen 2005 ) .
this species occurs in primary lowland forest ; it presumably occurs in secondary forests , and lightly degraded forests .
listed as least concern as the species is relatively widely distributed on borneo , and although rare appears to show some adaptability to disturbed habitats . it is undoubtedly undergoing declines , but these are not believed to be at a rate that would warrant listing in threatened category .
this species is rare and usually only a few are taken for every few hundred trap nights of survey effort ( k . h . han pers . comm . ) . however , it is said to be locally common at puruk cahu in central kalimantan ( i . maryanto pers . comm . ) .
the major threat to this species is habitat degradation , due to logging and conversion to agriculture .
this species is not recorded from any protected areas . it is listed on cites appendix ii .
helgen , k . m . ( 2005 ) .
tupaia splendidula
. in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . p . 108 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .
han , k . h . & maryanto , i . ( 2008 ) .
tupaia splendidula
. iucn red list of threatened species . version 2013 . 2 . international union for conservation of nature .
raffles described the genus as having an elongated snout , 8 to 10 incisors , well developed limbs , five - toed naked feet , and the sole furnished with projecting pads and sharp claws , with a habit and tail of a squirrel .
species , which only lack the long black whiskers and have smaller ears . they don’t have any markings on the face , the naked area of the nose is finely reticulated , an oblique stripe on the shoulder is more or less distinct , and the tail is haired but not tufted . the
is longer than the second , while the second pair of lower incisors is slightly larger than the first and third pairs . the lower
, they are primarily terrestrial and forage on the forest floor , usually below 1 . 5 m ( 4 . 9 ft ) . since they are rarely seen crossing wide roads , it is likely that populations are negatively affected by fragmentation of forests caused by
and small beetles . they hold their food between the forelegs while sitting on their haunches . after feeding they smooth the head and face with both forepaws , and lick the lips and palms . they are also fond of water , both to drink and to bathe in .
they fortify their diet with soft fruits that are mostly dispersed by birds . they swallow the pulp but reject fibrous components , which they cannot digest due to their long and small
of treeshrews enables them to easily detect food among the leaf litter on the forest floor . their sensitivity for odours coupled with
. social behaviour differs between species and the available food resources in their territories . where food is adequate and sufficient , they tolerate conspecifics without engaging in territorial disputes .
birds of prey , snakes , and small carnivores are known to hunt treeshrews . humans have no interest in killing them for food because of their unpleasant taste , and they are rarely seen as pests .
treeshrews share more similarity with rodents and squirrels than with primates in regards to their reproduction and development . in contrast to primates , who produce one baby with longer gestation periods , treeshrews generally have litters of 2 - 3 young and are only in utero for about 45 days . female treeshrews give birth in nests made of many dry leaves , and are known to leave the young unattended while returning occasionally to give them milk . parental care of
the young remain in the nest for 33 days on average , developing gradually before they exit the nest . there are ten identified embryonic developmental stages in
their morphological similarity to primates makes them an important model organism in human medical research . a study investigating the effects of the
than them , there is increasing interest in using them as an alternative model for use as a model in human medical research . successful psychosocial studies were carried out , and it was found that dramatic behavioral , neuroendocrinal , and physiological changes occurred in subordinate male
have been used to overcome the limitations of using rodent models in the study of human biology and disease mechanisms , as well as the development of new drugs and diagnostic tools . recent studies have utilized tree shrews to study infectious , metabolic , neurological , and psychiatric diseases as well as cancers .
. this was advantageous because other possible candidates such as guinea pigs , rats , mice , and other rodents leave gaps in the information especially regarding clinical symptoms and transmission .
, on the other hand , display moderate systemic and respiratory symptoms as well as pathological changes in the respiratory tract , supporting its use as a beneficial model in h1n1 research .
as knowledge increases regarding the use of treeshrews as medical research models , so do the ethical implications regarding the care of these animals for research purposes .
helgen , k . m . ( 2005 ) .
tupaia
. in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . p . 104 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .
raffles , t . s . ( 1821 ) .
descriptive catalogue of a zoological collection made on account of the honourable east india company , in the island of sumatra and its vicinity , under the direction of sir thomas stamford raffles , lieutenant - governor of fort marlborough ; with additional notices illustrative of the natural history of those countries .
. the transactions of the linnean society of london ( linnean society of london ) xiii : 239–340 .
wilkinson , r . j . ( 1901 ) . a malay - english dictionary kelly & walsh limited , hongkong , shanghai and yokohama .
lyon , m . w . , jr . ( 1913 ) . tree shrews : an account of the mammalian family tupaiidae . proceedings of the united states national museum , 45 : 1–188 .
shriver , j . g . , noback , c . r . ( 1967 ) . color vision in the tree shrew ( tupaia glis ) . folia primatologia 6 : 161−169 .
diard , p . m . , duvaucel , a . ( 1820 ) .
sur une nouvelle espèce de sorex — sorex glis
. asiatick researches , or , transactions of the society instituted in bengal , for inquiring into the history and antiquities , the arts , sciences , and literature of asia , volume 14 : 470–475 .
horsfield , t . ( 1824 ) . zoological researches in java , and the neighbouring islands . london : kingsbury , parbury , & allen .
wagner , j . a . ( 1841 ) . das peguanische spitzhörnchen . in : die säugethiere in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . supplementband 2 . erlangen : expedition des schreber ' schen säugethier - und des esper ' schen schmetterlingswerkes . pp . 42–43 .
schlegel , h . ( 1857 ) . tana dorsalis . in : handleiding tot de beoefening der dierkunde , ie deel . boekdrukkerij van nys , breda . page 59 .
gray , j . e . ( 1865 ) . notice of a species of tupaia from borneo , in the collection of the british museum . proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the zoological society of london : 322 .
zelebor , j . ( 1868 ) . cladobates nicobaricus . in : reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde . zoologischer theil , band 1 säugethiere . wien : kaiserliche akademie der wissenschaften . pp . 17–19 .
günther , a . g . ( 1876 ) . remarks on some indian and , more especially , bornean mammals . proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the zoological society of london : 424–428 .
thomas , o . ( 1893 ) . on some new bornean mammalia . the annals and magazine of natural history , 6 ( 11 ) : 341–347 .
thomas , o . ( 1893 ) . description of a new bornean tupaia . the annals and magazine of natural history 6 ( 12 ) : 53–54 .
matschie , p . ( 1898 ) . säugethiere von den philippinen . sitzungsbericht der gesellschaft naturforschender freunde zu berlin : 38–43 .
miller , g . s . jr . ( 1903 ) . seventy new malayan mammals . smithsonian miscellaneous collections 45 : 1–73 .
mein , p . and ginsburg , l . ( 1997 ) . les mammifères du gisement miocène inférieur de li mae long , thaïlande : systématique , biostratigraphie et paléoenvironnement . geodiversitas 19 ( 4 ) : 783–844 .
butler , p . m . ( 1972 ) . the problem of insectivore classification . in : k . a . joysey and t . s . kemp ( eds . ) studies in vertebrate evolution . oliver and boyd , edinburgh . pp . 253−265 .
martin , r . d . ( 1968 ) . reproduction and ontogeny in tree - shrews ( tupaia belangeri ) , with reference to their general behaviour and taxonomic relationships . zeitschrift für tierpsychologie 25 ( 4 ) : 409–495 .
mckenna , m . c . , bell , s . k . ( 1997 ) . classification of mammals above the species level . columbia university press , new york .
peterson , e . a . , wruble , s . d . , ponzoli , v . i . ( 1968 ) . auditory responses in tree shrews and primates . journal of auditory research 8 ( 3 ) : 345–355 .
emmons , l . h . ( 1991 ) . frugivory in treeshrews ( tupaia ) . the american naturalist . 138 ( 3 ) : 642–649 .
gould , e . ( 1978 ) . the behavior of the moonrat , echinosorex gymnurus ( erinaceidae ) and the pentail shrew , ptilocercus lowi ( tupaiidae ) with comments on the behavior of other insectivora . zeitschrift für tierpsychologie 48 ( 1 ) : 1–27 .
kawamichi , t . and kawamichi , m . ( 1979 ) . spatial organization and territory of tree shrews ( tupaia glis ) . animal behavior 27 ( 2 ) : 381–393 .
cisneros , l . ( 2005 ) .
tupaia glis
( on - line ) , animal diversity web .
kuhn , h , and schwaier , a . ( 1973 ) . implantation , early placentation , and the chronology of embryogenesis in tupaia belangeri . zeitschrift für anatomie und entwicklungsgeschichte 142 ( 3 ) : 315–340 .
sprankel , h . , richarz , k . , ludwig , h . and rott , r . ( 1978 ) . behavior alterations in tree shrews induced by borna disease virus . medical microbiology and immunology 165 ( 1 ) : 1–18 .
cao , j . , yang , e . b . , su , j . j . , li , y . , chow , p . ( 2003 ) . the tree shrew : adjuncts and alternatives to primates as models for biomedical research . journal of medical primatology . 32 ( 3 ) : 123–130 .
xu , l . , zhang , y . , liang , b . , lü , l . b . , chen , c . s . , chen , y . b . , yao , y . g . ( 2013 ) . tree shrews under the spot light : emerging model of human diseases . dongwuxue yanjiu 34 ( 2 ) : 59–69 . ( in chinese )


teldenia seriata is a moth in the drepanidae family .

it was described by warren in 1922 .

it is found in new guinea and on goodenough island .

the length of the forewings is 12-14 mm for males and 13.5-14.5 mm for females .

the costa and fringe of the forewings of the males are buff , while those of the females are paler .

the sub-basal fascia is reduced to five dark brown spots and the inner postmedial is reduced to seven or eight spots .

the subterminal is reduced to nine spots and the distal postmedial is continuous and buff .

the terminal line is variable .

the hindwings are as the forewings , but there is no sub-basal row of spots .

teldenia seriata

wilkinson , c . , 1967 . a taxonomic revision of the genus teldenia moore ( lepidoptera : drepanidae , drepaninae ) . transactions of the royal entomological society of london 119 : 303 - 362 .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
we use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
papua localities : waigeo : waigeo camp ; new guinea : furu camp ( foja mts . ) , hollandia ( jayapura ) , kouh , mapi , marina valen , mokwam , sabron camp ( cyclops ) , sinimburu , tandia , yongsu . details in gazetteer .
data sources : bmnh , ksp , rmnh , zman . literature ( see below )
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c25e1 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c277b - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322dd07d - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3250132a - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32502161 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 33435fad - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
beccaloni g . , scoble m . , kitching i . , simonsen t . , robinson g . , pitkin b . , hine a . & lyal c . ( 2018 ) . lepindex : the global lepidoptera names index ( version 12 . 3 , jan 2012 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 49b9f1cd - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
. if you continue to use the site we will assume that you agree with this .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more