tursiops truncatus , commonly known as the common bottlenose dolphin or the atlantic bottlenose dolphin ( and in older literature simply as the bottlenose dolphin , a term now applied to the genus ) , is the most well-known species from the family delphinidae .

common bottlenose dolphins are the most familiar dolphins due to the wide exposure they receive in captivity in marine parks and dolphinaria , and in movies and television programs .

t. truncatus is the largest species of the beaked dolphins .

they inhabit temperate and tropical oceans throughout the world , and are absent only from polar waters .

all bottlenose dolphins were previously known as t. truncatus , but recently the genus has been split into three species , t. truncatus , t. aduncus ( indo-pacific bottlenose dolphin ) and t. australis ( burrunan dolphin ) .

although t. truncatus has been traditionally called the bottlenose dolphin , many authors have used the name common bottlenose dolphin for this species since two other species of bottlenose dolphins were described .

the dolphins inhabit warm and temperate seas worldwide .

considerable genetic variation has been described among members of this species , even between neighboring populations , and so many experts believe multiple species may be included within t. truncatus .

common bottlenose dolphin

the common bottlenose dolphin is one of the most commonly observed dolphins in coastal waters throughout the world . it also maintains large populations offshore , but is not as common as other open water dolphins , such as the short - beaked common dolphin and others .
taxonomy of bottlenose dolphins family delphinidae genus tursiops the genus tursiops contains two species : common bottlenose dolphin tursiops truncatus and the indo - pacific bottlenose dolphin tursiops aduncus . more recently a third species has been described burrunan dolphin tursiops australis .
powell jr , wells rs . recreational fishing depredation and associated behaviors involving common bottlenose dolphins (
summary of half - weight association indices for common bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus near savannah , georgia .
the maximum observed swim speed of a common bottlenose dolphin was about 18 mph ( 29 km / hr ) for a very short distance .
berens mccabe ej , gannon dp , barros nb , wells rs . prey selection by resident common bottlenose dolphins (
its presence in aquariums and dolphinariums is also very common which makes it the most familiar and recognized species of dolphin .
add your name to stop the reintroduction of deadly longlines off the u . s . west coast and protect common bottlenose dolphins !
a social species , the bottlenose dolphin may live in groups of 100s of individuals .
bottlenose dolphin sightings ( n = 13 ) associated with catfish decapitation in the ngomx .
stephen leatherwood , randall r . reeves . the bottlenose dolphin . elsevier , 2012 .
the common bottlenose dolphin swims in all of the world ' s tropical and temperate seas . some populations are strictly local ; others migrate extensively . there are offshore and inshore populations as well . in california , coastal common bottlenose dolphins stay close to shore between cabo san lucas to just north of san francisco .
the common bottlenose dolphin ( tursiops truncatus ) , which is the most widely recognized dolphin species , is found worldwide in warm and temperate seas . in contrast , the indian ocean bottlenose dolphin ( t . aduncus ) inhabits continental shelf areas of the indian ocean and the waters fringing southeast asia , indonesia , …
the bottlenose dolphin is recognized today as two distinct species—the common bottlenose dolphin and the indo - pacific bottlenose dolphin . the common bottlenose dolphin can be found around the world in tropical and temperate oceans . they live in groups numbering about a dozen individuals , and learn at an early age the complex social skills they need to survive . dolphins live off fish , and they work cooperatively to herd their prey to the surface for easier feeding . because they live so close to the shore , they are threatened by bycatch , coastal development and environmental degradation .
a trained coastal bottlenose dolphin reached depths of 1 , 280 feet ( 390 m ) .
clark ls , cowan df , pfeiffer dc . morphological changes in the atlantic bottlenose dolphin (
dos santos me , coniglione c , louro s . feeding behaviour of the bottlenose dolphin ,
the bottlenose dolphin has a broad diet , preying on a range of fish and invertebrate species .
balmer b , sinclair c , speakman t , quigley b , barry k , cush c , et al . extended movements of common bottlenose dolphins (
rommel s . osteology of the bottlenose dolphin . in : leatherwood s , reeves rr , editors . the bottlenose dolphin . san diego , ca : academic press ; 1990 . p . 29–49 .
its range is about 230 feet ( 70 m ) . field studies have shown that the common bottlenose dolphin uses its echolocation only as necessary . field studies have shown that individuals do not continuously produce clicks .
bottlenose dolphin - tursiops truncatus . a dolphin surfs the wake of a research boat on the banana river - near the kennedy space center . credit : public domain
standardization and application of metrics to quantify human - interaction behaviors by the bottlenose dolphin ( tursiops spp . )
the bottlenose dolphin is sleek and streamlined and can travel at speeds of up to 35 km per hour .
balmer b , wells r , nowacek s , nowacek d , schwacke l , mclellan w , et al . seasonal abundance and distribution patterns of common bottlenose dolphins (
shane sh . comparison of bottlenose dolphin behavior in texas and florida , with a critique of methods for studying dolphin behavior . in : leatherwood s , reeves rr , editors . the bottlenose dolphin . san diego , ca : academic press ; 1990 . p . 541–58 .
perrtree rm . begging behavior by the common bottlenose dolphin tursiops truncatus near savannah , georgia : prevalence , spatial distribution , and social structure . m . sc . thesis , savannah state university , savannah , ga . 2011 .
a newborn bottlenose dolphin calf swimming alongside its mother at seaworld amusement park , san diego , california , 2009 .
locations and time frames of observed severed catfish heads associated with bottlenose dolphin sightings in the northern gulf of mexico .
scientists recognize two bottlenose dolphin ecotypes ( forms ) : coastal and offshore . in the northwest atlantic , bottlenose dolphin coastal and offshore ecotypes can be differentiated by skull and body measurements as well as by characteristics of their blood .
this species is hunted for human consumption and for use as fishing bait in several places around the world , but global numbers are generally considered to be in good shape . population trends for common bottlenose dolphins are not well known , but scientists believe this dolphin to be a species of least concern . in the united states and some other places , the common bottlenose dolphin is given complete legal protection as a result of it being a highly intelligent , marine mammal .
that night , in the dolphin bar , i showed them a bbc film about the latest research on dolphin intelligence .
probably you have seen how this dolphin confidently approaches humans and jumps in the air . the bottlenose dolphin is very common in dolphinariums due to its excellent adaptability and relatively easy training . it is an intelligent animal , and most knowledge about dolphins is the result of research made on this species .
identification commmon bottlenose dolphins are a combination of gray tones lighter on the underside and darker on the upper part of the body . they have a distinct medium - sized beak . not all dolphins with a distinct beak are common bottlenose dolphins
shane sh . behavior and ecology of the bottlenose dolphin at sanibel island , florida . in : leatherwood s , reeves rr , editors . the bottlenose dolphin . san diego , ca : academic press ; 1990 . p . 245–65 .
in the water , common bottlenose dolphins make an incredible array of squeaks , grunts , grinds , and whines . these sounds fall into three categories : whistles , echolocation clicks , and pulse sounds . additionally , dolphins communicate non - vocally through touch . common bottlenose dolphins , like most dolphins , are highly social . they form many kinds of social groups ; mother - calf pairs , bands of mothers , and large societies . common bottlenose dolphins never fall completely asleep because their breathing is under voluntary control , when not resting , dolphins are among the fastest swimmers of all marine mammals achieving speeds up to 22 mph in bursts of speed . common bottlenose dolphins eat a variety of fish as well as crabs , squid , shrimp , and similar prey .
mortalities and serious injuries from entanglement in recreational and commercial fishing gear are currently among the most serious threats to bottlenose dolphin .
lockyer , c . 1990 . review of incidents involving wild , sociable dolphins , worldwide . in : the bottlenose dolphin .
the bottlenose dolphin is found right around the coast of australia and can sometimes be seen catching waves with surfers in sydney .
the california common bottlenose dolphin coastal population is estimated to be a mere 323 dolphins . the offshore bottlenose population within 300 miles of the west coast of north america may be more than 3 , 000 , and to the south of the mexican border , surveys have yielded an overall estimate of 336 , 000 dolphins .
ammpa standardized information : bottlenose dolphin . association of marine mammal parks and aquariums ( 2 / 21 / 2011 ) 25 pp .
connor r . c , smolker r . a . “pop” goes the dolphin : a vocalization male bottlenose dolphins produce during consortships .
ridgway s . h . the central nervous system of the bottlenose dolphin . in : leatherwood s , reeves r , editors .
perrtree rm , kovacs ck , cox tm . standardization and application of metrics to quantify human - interaction behaviors by the bottlenose dolphin (
common bottlenose dolphins have a wide distribution and can be found in coastal and continental shelf waters in tropical and temperate zones . found in most enclosed and semi - enclosed seas , for example the black sea and the mediterranean sea , they also frequent river mouths , lagoons and shallow bays . unfortunately , bottlenose dolphins have a high rate of accidental mortality through bycatch . other threats to this species include direct hunting in japan and other countries , chemical and noise pollution , and habitat degradation . in some countries they are still captured live and exported for public display . the iucn classify the common bottlenose dolphin as of least concern worldwide . however , many inshore bottlenose dolphins exist in small , relatively isolated populations and these groups may be especially vulnerable to human activities . for example there remains only one resident population in the north sea and the black sea common bottlenose dolphin is classified as endangered .
coastal common bottlenose dolphins are primarily found in groups of 2 to 15 individuals . these associations are fluid , often repeated but not constant . solitary coastal animals can be observed in various regions of the world .
sinclair c . comparison of group size , abundance estimates and movement patterns of common bottlenose dolphins ( tursiops truncatus ) in mississippi sound , mississippi : m . sc . thesis , louisiana state university ; 2016 .
janik v . m , slater p . j . b . context - specific use suggests that bottlenose dolphin signature whistles are cohesion calls .
two forms of bottlenose dolphin are currently recognised - the ' inshore ' form and the ' offshore ' form , which could possibly be different species . the bottlenose dolphin is commonly seen in groups or pods , containing anything from two or three individuals to more than a thousand .
the rounded region of a dolphin ' s forehead is called the melon . the melon contains fat and plays an important role in dolphin echolocation .
the oldest dolphin in human care was born on february 27 , 1953 and resided for 61 years at marineland dolphin adventure in marineland , florida .
the bottlenose dolphin is the most well - known of all dolphins , likely because of its frequent appearances on television and in film and its popularity with the captivity industry . they were one of the first species ( and continue to be the most popular ) regularly captured live for display purposes and by the us navy for ‘research ' . bottlenose dolphins are highly intelligent , adaptable predators , capable of problem solving , tool - use and exhibiting some flexibility in terms of prey . until recently all bottlenose dolphins were classified as the same species , tursiops truncatus . in recent years , however , a distinct species found in the indo - pacific region has been recognised , tursiops aduncus , hence now the recognition of 2 species of bottlenose dolphin ; the
common
( t . truncatus ) and the
indo - pacific
( t . aduncus ) bottlenose dolphin . in addition , the population found in the black sea is recognised as a separate subspecies , t . t . ponticus , the black sea common bottlenose dolphin .
citation : kovacs cj , perrtree rm , cox tm ( 2017 ) social differentiation in common bottlenose dolphins ( tursiops truncatus ) that engage in human - related foraging behaviors . plos one 12 ( 2 ) : e0170151 . urltoken
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lifespan : most dolphins live long lives . the bottlenose dolphin can live over 40 years , and the orca can live to be 70 or 80 !
the average dive duration for the coastal bottlenose dolphin ranges from 20 to 40 seconds . the maximum voluntary breath hold recorded was 7 minutes 15 seconds .
injurious catfish spines found during the necropsy of a single bottlenose dolphin ( 176 cm male , seus id no . ser13 - 1180 , mmpl1312 ) .
studies of bottlenose dolphins suggest that the most sensitive areas on the dolphin ' s body are the blowhole region and areas around the eyes and mouth .
dolphin lover
i like this website because it helped me on my animal adaptations project . i got so many adaptations about the bottle nose dolphin .
the common bottlenose dolphin is the best known species and inhabits warm and temperate waters of the world . it is in fact only absent from polar waters . the grey , 2 - 4 meter ( 6 . 6 - 13 feet ) long dolphin lives in pods of typically 15 animals near shores — offshore groups of several hundreds have been seen — and uses sound for echolocation and communication .
chromosome banding techniques have proven useful in bottlenose dolphin population studies . in some areas , scientists can identify individuals and determine relationships among dolphins in a group .
burdin v . i , reznik a . m , skornyakov v . m , chupakov a . g . communication signals of the black sea bottlenose dolphin .
…species are the common and bottlenose dolphins ( delphinus delphis and tursiops truncatus , respectively ) . the bottlenose , characterized by a “built - in smile” formed by the curvature of its mouth , has become a familiar performer in oceanariums . it has also become the subject of scientific studies because of its intelligence and ability to…
citation : ronje ei , barry kp , sinclair c , grace ma , barros n , allen j , et al . ( 2017 ) a common bottlenose dolphin ( tursiops truncatus ) prey handling technique for marine catfish ( ariidae ) in the northern gulf of mexico . plos one 12 ( 7 ) : e0181179 . urltoken
gonzalvo j , valls m , cardona l , aguilar a . factors determining the interaction between common bottlenose dolphins and bottom trawlers off the balearic archipelago ( western mediterranean sea ) . j exp mar biol ecol . 2008 ; 367 : 47–52 .
dolphin - human interaction behaviors , including begging , depredating , patrolling , provisioning , and scavenging as defined previously [ 20 – 22 ] , are common in the waterways near savannah , georgia . common bottlenose dolphins exhibited human - interaction behaviors on 69 . 6 % of days and 23 . 5 % of sightings near savannah in 2009 and 2010 [ 22 ] . the most common human - interaction behavior observed was begging ( 22 . 4 % of sightings ) [ 22 ] . in addition , 59 individuals were observed interacting with humans at least once , yielding 20 . 1 % of identified animals in the population known to interact with humans [ 22 ] .
richard c connor . dolphin social intelligence : complex alliance relationships in bottlenose dolphins and a consideration of selective environments for extreme brain size evolution in mammals . 2007 .
smolker r . a , mann j , smuts b . b . the use of signature whistles during separations and reunions among wild bottlenose dolphin mothers and calves .
barros nb , odell dk . food habits of bottlenose dolphins in the southeastern united states . in : leatherwood s , reeves rr , editors . the bottlenose dolphin . san diego , ca : academic press ; 1990 . p . 309–28 .
j . , giovos i . , mazzariol s . 2015 . prevalence of epidermal conditions in common bottlenose dolphins ( tursiops truncatus ) in the gulf of ambracia , western greece . journal of experimental marine biology and ecology 463 : 32 - 38 . urltoken
barros nb , wells rs . prey and feeding patterns of resident bottlenose dolphins (
rossbach ka , herzing dl . underwater observations of benthic - feeding bottlenose dolphins (
indo - pacific bottlenose dolphins are abundant , but the overall population is unknown .
reiss d , mccowan b . spontaneous vocal mimicry and production by bottlenose dolphins (
john elliott reynolds , randall s . wells , and samantha d . eide . the bottlenose dolphin : biology and conservation . gainesville : university of florida , 2000 .
connor r . c , heithaus m . r , barre l . m . complex social structure , alliance stability and mating access in a bottlenose dolphin ‘super - alliance’
richards d . g , wolz j . p , herman l . m . vocal mimicry of computer generated sounds and vocal labeling of objects by a bottlenose dolphin ,
a tagged offshore dolphin reached depths of 1 , 614 feet ( 492 m ) .
. 2008 ) and this may have reduced predation pressure considerably . other potential dolphin predators
there is a strong likelihood that eventually the dolphin may be harmed or even killed .
a bottlenose dolphin ' s skin color is gray to dark gray on its back , fading to white on its lower jaw and belly . this coloration , a type of camouflage known as countershading , may help conceal a dolphin from predators and prey . when viewed from above , a dolphin ' s dark back surface blends with the dark depths . when seen from below , a dolphin ' s lighter belly blends with the bright sea surface . some bottlenose dolphins show spots on their bellies or light streaks along their sides . many populations of indo - pacific bottlenose dolphins are ventrally spotted .
a bottlenose dolphin ' s dorsal fin is often falcate ( curved back ) , although the shape is quite variable . it is located at the center of the back .
) at sanibel island , florida . in : leatherwood s , reeves rr , editors . the bottlenose dolphin . academic press , san diego ; 1990 . pp 245–265 .
. 1994 , tudela 2004 ) represents another fishery - related threat to bottlenose dolphins . though impact at the basin level is probably low , it may be significant locally and a few bottlenose dolphin deaths suspected to have been caused by explosives have been reported .
houser ds , finneran jj . a comparison of underwater hearing sensitivity in bottlenose dolphins (
the size of bottlenose dolphin groups varies according to biogeographic region , prey availability , activity and other factors . most encounters have been with groups of fewer than ten individuals ( bearzi
) . it has been said that healthy bottlenosed dolphin populations indicate a healthy marine ecosystem .
a dolphin ' s pectoral flipper contains five digits similar to that of a human hand .
nearctic , neotropical , atlantic ocean , pacific ocean : common bottlenose dolphins , t . truncatus are found primarily in temperate and tropical waters of the atlantic and pacific ocean and adjoining seas . in us waters , bottlenose dolphins range as far north as cape hatteras , nc in the summer and in the west to point conception , ca . they are found off the coasts of hawaii and florida year - round . t . aduncus is also common in the temperate and tropical waters of the indian ocean and adjoining seas , including the red sea .
there are two species of bottlenose dolphins , the common bottlenose dolphin ( scientific name : tursiops truncatus ) and the indo - pacific bottlenose dolphin ( scientific name : tursiops aduncus ) . bottlenose dolphins can be found in temperate and tropical waters . they are frequently seen within 20 miles ( 32 km ) of shore in harbors , bays , lagoons , estuaries , around islands and in large rivers . in the pacific ocean , these dolphins range from northern japan and southern california , to australia and chile . they can also be found in the atlantic and southwestern indian ocean along with the baltic , mediterranean and black seas . the only waters in which bottlenose dolphins are not found are cold waters ranging from 45 degrees poleward in either hemisphere . some bottlenose dolphins have been known to stay in the same location throughout their lives , while others have been seen migrating to other parts of the ocean .
rigley l , vandyke v , cram p , rigley i , editors . shallow water behavior of the atlantic bottlenose dolphin ( tursiops truncatus ) . proc pa acad sci ; 1981 .
the mean and maximum half - weight association indices for non - trawler ( nt ) and trawler ( t ) common bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus near savannah , georgia , as well as non - begging ( nb ) and begging ( b ) dolphins . standard deviations are in parentheses .
mean half - weight association indices between pairs of common bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus near savannah , georgia that associate with trawlers ( t ) and do not associate with trawlers ( nt ) , and separately for dolphins that are beggars ( b ) and non - beggars ( nb ) .
citation :
common bottlenose dolphins , tursiops truncatus ~ marinebio . org .
marinebio conservation society . web . accessed monday , july 9 , 2018 . < urltoken > . last update : 1 / 14 / 2013 2 : 22 : 00 pm ~ contributor ( s ) : marinebio
urian kw , wells rs . bottlenose dolphin photo - identification workshop : march 21–22 , 1996 , charleston , south carolina . noaa technical memorandum nmfs - sefsc - 393 . 92 pp .
wells r . s . the role of long - term study in understanding the social structure of a bottlenose dolphin community . in : pryor k , norris k . s , editors .
scott md , wells rs , irvine ab . a long - term study of bottlenose dolphins on the west coast of florida . in : leatherwood s , reeves rr , editors . the bottlenose dolphin . san diego , ca : academic press ; 1990 . p . 235–44 .
allen sj , bejder l , krutzen m . why do indo - pacific bottlenose dolphins (
bottlenose dolphins live in a variety of habitats , from coastal waters to the open ocean .
caldwell m . c , caldwell d . k . individual whistle contours in bottlenose dolphins (
can environmental heterogeneity explain individual foraging variation in wild bottlenose dolphins ( tursiops sp . ) ?
lewis j , schroeder w . mud plume feeding , a unique foraging behavior of the bottlenose dolphin in the florida keys . gulf mex sci . 2003 ; 21 ( 1 ) : 92–7 .
food source : officially , the main purpose of the dolphin hunt is to provide dolphin meat to the japanese people . but only a small minority of people in japan actually eats the meat . during our many campaigns in japan , we even got the impression that dolphin meat is considered “trashy , ” unlike the much more expensive whale meat . dna tests on meat labeled “whale meat” in japanese markets have sometimes revealed the meat is , in fact , dolphin meat . whale meat sells for more money than dolphin meat ; so japanese consumers are tricked into buying dolphin meat falsely labeled as “whale” meat .
the sound of human speech falls well within this range , so dolphin can hear what we say .
ljungblad dk , scoggins pd , gilmartin wg . auditory thresholds of a captive eastern pacific bottle‐nosed dolphin ,
best r . c , da silva v . m . f . amazon river dolphin , boto ,
tavolga m . c , essapian f . s . the behavior of the bottle - nosed dolphin (
g . , fortuna c . m . , reeves r . r . 2009 . ecology and conservation of common bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus in the mediterranean sea . mammal review 39 ( 2 ) : 92 - 123 . doi 10 . 1111 / j . 1365 - 2907 . 2008 . 00133 . x
shane s . the population biology of the atlantic bottlenose dolphin , tursiops truncatus , in the aransas pass area of texas . m . sc . thesis : texas a & m university ; 1977 .
the bottlenose dolphin ( tursiops truncatus ) is the second place in a list of species with a higher encephalization ratio ( eq ) , which compares the mass of the encephalon against its body size .
bottlenose dolphins have been seen with groups of toothed whales such as spotted dolphins , stenella attenuata .
smolker r . a , pepper j . whistle convergence among allied male bottlenose dolphins ( delphinidae ,
common bottlenose dolphins and other dolphins are thought to be some of the smartest animals on the planet , challenging the great apes ( chimps and gorillas ) for the top spot . they are also extremely curious and often approach people to investigate . their intelligence is likely both a result of and a driver of their complex social structures . they generally live in small groups and organize complex , group behaviors when mating and hunting . their preferred prey includes small , schooling fishes and squids . adult common bottlenose dolphins have no known predators , and juveniles are likely only rarely taken by large sharks or perhaps other predatory marine mammals .
commonly seen in aquariums , sea parks , tv shows , and movies , the bottlenose dolphin is a wildly recognizable cetacean ( marine mammal ) . in the wild , bottlenose dolphins inhabit the temperate and tropical oceans around the world , with coastal populations entering into bays , estuaries , and river mouths .
bottlenose dolphins have been known to interact with humans . a bottlenose dolphin that was named percy resided off the coast of cornwall , england . he followed local fishing boats , played with their crab pots , and even allowed strangers to hang onto his dorsal fin as he pulled them through the water .
caldwell m . c , caldwell d . k , tyack p . l . review of the signature–whistle hypothesis for the atlantic bottlenose dolphin . in : leatherwood s , reeves r . r , editors .
dolphin watch , one of western australia ' s premier citizen science projects , focuses on one of the swan canning riverpark ' s most iconic species ; indo - pacific bottlenose dolphins ( tursiops aduncus ) .
dolphinariums are always looking for ways to obtain more dolphins . this is because , unbeknownst to the public , dolphins die prematurely in captivity at a very high rate . many times , the dolphin hunters of taiji will drive a large school of bottlenose dolphins , pilot whales , or false killer whales into the killing cove , and dolphin trainers and marine mammal veterinarians flock to the scene to seek out the best - looking dolphins for their display facilities . by doing business with the dolphin killers , they are helping to maintain the dolphin drive hunts . a live dolphin sold to live in captivity can go for as much as $ 155 , 000us , whereas the meat only brings in $ 500 - 600us , depending on the size of the dolphin . the captivity industry is a major reason that the dolphin slaughter is still going on .
a single blowhole , located on the dorsal surface of the head , is covered by a muscular flap . the flap provides a water - tight seal . a bottlenose dolphin breathes through its blowhole . the blowhole is relaxed in a closed position . to open the blowhole , the dolphin contracts the muscular flap .
the species is listed in appendix ii of cites . the bottlenose dolphin has been afforded special protected status under annex ii of the european union’s habitats directive . commercial hunting of black sea cetaceans including bottlenose dolphins was banned in 1966 in the former ussr , bulgaria and romania , and in 1983 in turkey .
two days after arriving in japan , i was in the dolphin hunters ' co - operative in taiji .
dive into the science of dolphin cognition with researchers studying how these amazing creatures make sense of their world .
ultrasound image of a dolphin fetus from national geographic’s book , in the womb : animals by michael sims .
all sighting data including sighting locations and human - interaction behaviors observed and dolphin group size ; sighting data by individual dolphins ; beg and trawler status for each dolphin ; and social clusters with beg and trawler status .
the dolphin ' s sleek , fusiform body , together with its flippers , flukes , and dorsal fin , adapt this animal for ocean life . a dolphin ' s forelimbs are pectoral flippers . as it swims , a dolphin uses its pectoral flippers to steer and , with the help of the flukes , to stop .
bottlenose dolphins routinely swim at speeds of about 5 - 11 kph ( 3 - 7 mph ) .
. 2008 , 2010 ) . reduced carrying capacity ( i . e . , fewer prey available ) due to overfishing was proposed as one explanation for the low densities of bottlenose dolphins in the adriatic and ionian seas . conversely , bottlenose dolphin densities tend to be high in areas where prey is still abundant ( bearzi
common bottlenose dolphins can be quite large , reaching weights of up to 1400 pounds ( ~ 640 kg ) and lengths of 12 . 5 feet ( ~ 4 m ) . they are relatively long - lived ( 40 - 50 years ) and reach sexual maturity at ages between 5 and 14 years old . some individuals are known to be reproductively active for their entire lives , a rare characteristic among mammals . like all mammals , common bottlenose dolphins reproduce through internal fertilization , and females give birth to live young . juveniles are able to swim from the moment they are born , but they are totally dependent on nursing their mothers’ milk for nearly two years .
no other dolphin species is known , studied and beloved in the world more than the bottlenose dolphin . charismatic , playful and intelligent are some of the words often associated with this dolphin . and it has been presented in several manifestations of human culture such as films , literature , television , and much more , but not only in modern times , since the age of the greek civilization , there are records of interaction with this cetacean .
as of 2010 , the oldest dolphin in the wild was 60 years , documented in the sarasota bay population .
the dolphin becomes familiar with the presence of one or more people who have deliberately attempted to habituate it – this process may be assisted or even initiated by the dolphin . at this stage , the dolphin interacts with only a limited number of people in the water . behaviour may include swimming in close proximity or diving side by side ; the dolphin being touched including having its dorsal fin held to allow swimmers to be pulled along by the animal .
a bottlenose dolphin ' s diet usually consists of a wide variety of foods including fish , squid and crustaceans . an adult dolphin may eat 15 - 30 pounds ( 6 . 8 - 13 . 5 kg ) of food each day . bottlenose dolphins do not use their teeth to chew their food . instead , they swallow their meal whole and head first to avoid the spines present on many of the fish they like to eat .
connor r . c , wells r , mann j , read a . the bottlenose dolphin : social relationships in a fission–fusion society . in : mann j , connor r , tyack p , whitehead h , editors .
their intelligence , friendly disposition , and “smiling” faces make bottlenose dolphins popular in large aquariums and with divers .
although they have little to no sense of smell , bottlenose dolphins have other well - developed sensory organs .
patterson em , mann j . the ecological conditions that favor tool use and innovation in wild bottlenose dolphins (
mullin k , lohoefener r , hoggard w , roden c , rogers c . abundance of bottlenose dolphins ,
size : the familiar bottlenose dolphin is around 8 feet ( 2 . 5m ) long and weighs between 440 - 660 lbs ( 200 - 300kg ) . because the forty species of dolphins are so diverse , they range in size . the smallest of the dolphin species , maui ' s dolphin , is around 4 feet ( 1 . 2m ) long and weighs around 90 lbs ( 40 kg ) . the largest dolphin species is the orca , or killer whale . male orcas grow to about 25 feet in length and weigh about 19 , 000 pounds .
the bottlenose dolphin is still an abundant species , despite incidental kills by the fishing industry . however , habitat degradation and pollution are of increasing concern for bottlenose dolphins . pollution is thought to have resulted in some cases of mass die - offs which occurred off the coast of the united states of america and in the gulf of mexico .
some researchers think that the size and complexity of the brain at birth is a better measure of intelligence . if that statement holds up , however , once more the dolphin comes out on top . the bottlenose dolphin has a brain mass at birth that is 42 . 5 % of the brain mass of an adult . in contrast , human babies at birth have 28 % of their adult counterparts . at 18 months , the brain mass of a bottlenose dolphin is 80 % of the adults , while humans don’t achieve this level until the age of three or four .
dolphin hunters was broadcast on tuesday , 9 november , 2004 , in the uk on bbc two at 1930 gmt .
oily mucus is secreted that lubricates the eye , washes away debris and possibly streamlines the eye as the dolphin swims .
using echolocation , a dolphin can determine size , shape , structure , composition , speed , distance , and direction .
linear epidermal tears at right are typical of dolphin rake marks and are near the point of amputation in each sch .
in front of the melon , a bottlenose dolphin has a well - defined rostrum ( snout - like projection ) . the rostrum is typically 7 to 8 cm ( 3 in . ) long , marked by a lateral crease .
indirect but convincing evidence of dolphin abundance in historical times can be found in early accounts describing interactions with fisheries and systematic attempts to exterminate dolphins ( including bottlenose dolphins ) in mediterranean coastal waters ( bearzi et al . 2008 ) .
fishermen sometimes shoot bottlenose dolphins because they believe the dolphins are competing with them for fish and other desirable catch .
researchers have observed bottlenose dolphins chasing and displacing other species of dolphins from prime bow - riding spots in waves .
duffy - echevarria ee , connor rc , aubin djs . observations of strand - feeding behavior by bottlenose dolphins (
stolen m , leger js , durden wn , mazza t , nilson e . fatal asphyxiation in bottlenose dolphins (
see leatherwood and reeves ( 1990 ) . ross and cockroft ( 1990 : 124 ) considered aduncus to be synonymous with truncatus . hall ( 1981 : 885 - 887 ) considered nesarnack and gillii distinct species , and synonymized truncatus with nesarnack . opinion 1413 of the international commision on zoological nomenclature ( 1986 ) conserved truncatus montagu , 1821 and suppressed nesarnack lacépède , 1804 . rice ( 1998 : 106 ) provisionally recognized t . t . truncatus ( bottlenose dolphin ) , t . t . ponticus ( black sea bottlenose dolphin ) and t . t . gillii ( cowfish ) . the relationship of tursiops gephyreus ( south american bottlenose dolphin ) , to either t . truncatus or t . aduncus remains uncertain .
this is an inshore bottlenose dolphin photographed in the texas coastal waterway by david berg on a bill drummond trip . to see the whooping cranes at aransas nwr . passengers on the boat could distinctly hear the communication clicks between the dolphins .
in northwest atlantic bottlenose dolphin studies , researchers determined that dolphins within 7 . 5 km ( 4 . 65 mi . ) of shore were coastal ecotypes . dolphins beyond 34 km ( 21 mi . ) from shore were offshore ecotypes .
the dolphin ' s auditory nerve is about twice the diameter of the human eighth nerve ( connecting the inner ear to the brainstem ) leading to more rapid sound processing for dolphins . in addition , a dolphin ' s auditory nerve supply is about three times that of humans — possibly providing more ultrasonic information to a dolphin ' s central nervous system for echolocation .
producing educational materials ( and japanese translation services ) to distribute to the japanese public about the dangers of eating dolphin meat .
but , the dolphin hunters surprised me . they were not the callous animal rights abusers i had been led to expect .
the shark bay dolphin society is large and apparently unbounded . we have currently identified over 600 dolphins in our approximately 200 km
just like human skin , dolphin skin constantly flakes and peels as new skin cells replace old cells . a bottlenose dolphin ' s outermost skin layer may be replaced every two hours . this sloughing rate is nine times faster than in humans . this turnover rate ensures a smooth body surface and probably helps increase swimming efficiency by reducing drag ( resistance to movement ) .
bottlenose dolphin females produce a single calf in the summer after a gestation period of 12 months . the calf suckles for up to 18 months and stays close to the mother until it reaches four or five years of age ( 7 ) .
the bottlenose dolphin has a vast diet based on the consumption of fish , cephalopods , and crustaceans . but , given their extensive and differentiated distribution , their feeding habits vary depending on the region they inhabit and the habitat where they dwell .
we usually receive this question from the dolphin hunters who make a living hunting dolphins . government officials in japan are trying to turn the dolphin slaughter issue into one of “cultural imperialism . ” but we are not telling the japanese people what to do . on the contrary , we are fighting for the japanese public’s constitutional right , given in article 21 of the japanese constitution , to know the facts about an issue that the taiji dolphin hunters and their government are systematically hiding from them . most people in japan have no idea that the dolphin slaughter is going on . and they have no idea that the dolphin meat that is served to their children in their schools’ lunch programs or sold in markets is poisoned with mercury . the taiji dolphin hunters once told us that the public has no right to know about the dolphin hunts and the mercury contamination of dolphin meat . we say the japanese public has every right to know about it . they have a right to make up their own minds regarding their food culture , rather than have the government and some few dolphin hunters dictate to them what their “culture” should be .
the dolphin institute states that bottlenose dolphins and other marine mammals face a number of conservation threats due to anthropogenic , or human - induced , impacts on the marine environment . among the common threats to dolphins are habitat degradation , boat traffic , fishing interactions , pollution and direct takes . find them all further explained here . it is protected in the u . s . by the marine mammal protection act . they are still generally plentiful in numbers , but are already almost depleted in some areas .
connor r . c , heithaus m . r , barre l . m . super - alliance of bottlenose dolphins .
möller l . m , beheregaray l . b . genetic evidence of sex - biased dispersal in resident bottlenose dolphins (
for several years , the dolphin drive hunt in taiji had taken place from the beginning of october through march . in recent years , however , the dolphin hunters in taiji have started the dolphin - killing season in early september . in the past few years , the dolphin hunters , due to a lack of demand for dolphin meat in japan ( inspired by our efforts to educate people about the high mercury levels in the meat ) have ended the hunts a month early , at the end of february , rather than the end of march . some harpooning of dolphins continues offshore of taiji in march and sometimes in april .
bottlenose dolphins generally do not need to dive very deeply to catch food . depending on habitat , most bottlenose dolphins regularly dive to depths of 3 - 46 m ( 10 - 150 ft . ) . they are , however , capable of diving to some depth . under experimental conditions , a trained dolphin dove 547 m ( 1 , 795 ft . ) .
a coastal and oceanic species , the bottlenose dolphin occurs in a range of habitats from open water and lagoons to rocky reefs ( 10 ) . it also occurs in large estuaries and even the lower reaches of rivers and harbours ( 6 ) .
bottlenose dolphins living in high seas feed on several species of fish and pelagic squids , while dolphins near the coasts consume fish and benthic invertebrates found in coastal areas . the diet of any dolphin depends on the availability of prey in the environment .
the bottlenose dolphin engages in unihemispheric slow wave sleep ( usws ) in which one half of its brain is in a sleep state , while the other half maintains visual and auditory awareness of the environment , while allowing it to surface to breathe .
in the atlantic ocean , bottlenose dolphins are found from nova scotia to patagonia and from norway to the tip of south africa . they are the most abundant dolphin species along the united states ' coast from cape cod through the gulf of mexico .
bottlenose dolphins breed year round once they reach maturity ( 5 - 10 years for females and 10 years for males ) . ultrasound images of pregnant dolphins show that at 9 weeks , the dolphin fetus starts swimming inside the womb . these images also reveal that dolphin fetuses develop hind limbs which later retract and disappear before the calf is born . in fact , in 2006 , japanese fishermen found a bottlenose dolphin whose limbs didn’t disappear . these limbs served as a second set of flippers . this phenomenon of hind limbs developing and then retracting in utero points to the idea that dolphins evolved from four - legged land animals .
taiji dolphin hunters also caught ten orca whales in 2007 for captivity . they have all subsequently died an early death in captivity .
longitudinal muscles of the back and peduncle ( tail stock ) move the flukes up and down to propel a dolphin through water .
the accumulation of chemicals and heavy metals released into the environment by human activities continues to impact dolphin populations both directly and indirectly .
herman l . h . intelligence and rational behaviour in the bottlenosed dolphin . in : hurley s , nudds m , editors .
the dolphin appears and remains in a new home range , sometimes restricting itself to a small , protected part of the range often < 1km2 . dolphin may follow boats ( usually fishing boats ) or inspect fishing gear , but does not yet approach humans .
for reasons that are not fully understood , bottlenose dolphins are sometimes encountered which are living on their own . this seems very odd for what is normally a highly sociable species , and which more usually lives in a group . however , the same thing has been recorded for other species of social cetaceans including belugas and orcas , and solitary dolphins are actually quite common around the world .
incidents of injuries attributed to catfish ingestion ( n = 38 ) found in stranded bottlenose dolphins in the southeastern united states .
hubard cw , maze - foley k , mullin kd , schroeder ww . seasonal abundance and site fidelity of bottlenose dolphins (
watwood s . l , tyack p . l , wells r . s . whistle sharing in paired male bottlenose dolphins ,
dolphins have acute vision both in and out of the water . a dolphin ' s eye is particularly adapted for seeing under water .
bottlenose dolphins live in fluid social groups . in the past , bottlenose dolphin groups have been referred to as pods — social groups of unchanging composition . more recently , long - term studies of bottlenose dolphins have now shown that their group composition changes . bottlenose dolphins commonly swim in groups of 2 to 15 individuals . several groups may temporarily join ( for several minutes or hours ) in open ocean waters to form larger groups during which the dolphins may change associates . in general , group size tends to increase with water depth and openness of habitat . this may correlate with foraging strategies and protection . some group members establish strong social bonds .
the bottlenose dolphin faces a number of threats including human disturbance , entanglement in fishing nets , and hunting . like all cetaceans it is vulnerable to chemical and noise pollution . the captivity industry that supplies the world aquarium trade is also a problem ( 8 ) .
daura - jorge fg , cantor m , ingram sn , lusseau d , simões - lopes pc . the structure of a bottlenose dolphin society is coupled to a unique foraging cooperation with artisanal fishermen . biol lett . 2012 ; 8 : 702–705 . pmid : 22552635
the presence of both begging and associating with shrimp trawlers within the same study area provides a unique opportunity to examine the social structure of a group of dolphins as it pertains to two different human - related foraging behaviors . this study attempts to determine whether the social structure of common bottlenose dolphins near savannah , georgia is differentiated based on begging or associating with shrimp trawlers and the implications of any such differentiations .
bottlenose dolphins live in fluid social groups . although some dolphins may repeatedly associate with one another , these associations are rarely permanent .
sargeant bl , wirsing aj , heithaus mr , mann j . can environmental heterogeneity explain individual foraging variation in wild bottlenose dolphins (
gannon dp , barros nb , nowacek dp , read aj , waples dm , wells rs . prey detection by bottlenose dolphins ,
torres lg , read aj . where to catch a fish ? the influence of foraging tactics on the ecology of bottlenose dolphins (
. 1996 , o’shea and aguilar 2001 ) , the risk of disease outbreaks in bottlenose dolphins in the mediterranean may be considerable .
mann j , sargeant b . like mother , like calf : the ontogeny of foraging traditions in wild indian ocean bottlenose dolphins (
the dolphin ' s dorsal fin contains no bone , cartilage , or muscle . the shape varies among individuals but it is usually falcate .
the dolphin becomes habituated to new range and may start to follow boats . local people aware of its presence may attempt to swim with the animal . dolphin appears curious but remains at a distance from swimmers . may bow ride or inspect ropes , chains and buoys , etc .
bottlenose dolphins are very social animals known for their carefree and playful behavior . often times , bottlenose dolphins can be seen living in groups called pods . these groups may contain only a few members or many hundreds when different pods meet up and join one another . bottlenose dolphins have been known to hunt in groups , taking turns chasing through schools of fish or cornering fish against sandbars or mudbanks .
bottlenose dolphin calves are born in the water after a gestation period of one year and suckle for about 18 months . they remain with the mother for about four years . they are a long - lived species , with an extensive life span of up to 45 years .
the bottlenose dolphin occupies a wide range of habitats , giving it access to a huge variety of organisms including invertebrates , bottom - dwelling fish and squid , plus the full range of pelagic ( oceanic ) fish species . bottlenose dolphins are a very social species and feed together , although they are known to feed alone . they also take advantage of human - induced prey abundance and regularly approach fishing trawlers .
large bottlenose dolphins in the pacific may be 3 . 7 m ( 12 ft . ) and weigh 454 kg ( 1 , 000 lb . ) . in the mediterranean , bottlenose dolphins can grow to 3 . 7 m ( 12 ft . ) or more .
maresh jl , fish fe , nowacek dp , nowacek sm , wells rs . high performance turning capabilities during foraging by bottlenose dolphins (
marley sa , cheney b , thompson pm . using tooth rakes to monitor population and sex differences in aggressive behaviour in bottlenose dolphins (
. 2001 ) . bottlenose dolphins elsewhere have experienced mass mortality from such outbreaks , e . g . in black sea waters ( birkun
bottlenose dolphins are probably the species of dolphins more researched , and most of this investigation is oriented to measure and assess their intelligence .
connor r . c , smolker r . a , richards a . f . two levels of alliance formation among male bottlenose dolphins (
janik v . m , sayigh l . s , wells r . s . signature whistle shape conveys identity information to bottlenose dolphins .
mann j , connor r . c , barre l . m , heithaus m . r . female reproductive success in bottlenose dolphins (
source / reference article learn how you can use or cite the bottle nosed dolphin article in your website content , school work and other projects .
they also have an excellent sense of hearing . sounds travel through their lower jaw to their inner ear . bottlenose dolphins communicate with each other using a collection of chirps , whistles , and clicks . they create these sounds using nasal sacs in their heads and their blowholes . each dolphin has a signature whistle used to identify itself . when lost or isolated , a dolphin uses the signature whistle to call out to the group .


leptozestis chionomera is a moth in the cosmopterigidae family .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from new south wales .

the wingspan is 8-10 mm .

the forewings are dull whitish with some scattered black scales below the middle .

the hindwings are whitish .

leptozestis chionomera

syntomactis chionomera lower , 1900 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 25 ( 3 ) : 421 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales
leptozestis ( parametriotinae ) ; kaila , mutanen & nyman , 2011 , molecuar phylogen . evol . 61 : 804 - 805 ; heikkilä , mutanen , kekkonen & kaila , 2013 , cladistics ( 2014 ) : 8
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proceedings of the linnean society of the new south wales . ( journal , magazine ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : proceedings of the linnean society of the new south wales . publisher : sydney . isbn / issn : 0370 - 047x oclc : 476489959
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syntomactis anagrapta meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 382 ; tl : newcastle , new south wales
syntomactis antithetis meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 388 ; tl : adelaide , south australia
syntomactis argoscia lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 175 ; tl : melbourne
syntomactis autochroa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 11 ) : 333 ; tl : victoria , gisborne
syntomactis capnopora meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 384 ; tl : murrurundi and picton , new south wales
syntomactis cataspoda meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 383 ; tl : quorn , south australia
syntomactis charmosyna meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 15 ) : 456 ; tl : south australia , adelaide
syntomactis crassipalpis turner , 1923 ; proc . r . soc . victoria ( n . s . ) 36 : 74
syntomactis crebra meyrick , 1906 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 30 : 53 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
syntomactis cyclonia meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 383 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
syntomactis decalopha lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 175 ; tl : penola , south australia
syntomactis ecstatica meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 386 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
syntomactis epiphrixa meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 386 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
syntomactis epochaea meyrick , 1917 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 2 ) : 51 ; tl : kanara , ganesh - gudi
syntomactis eximia meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 390 ; tl : albany , west australia
syntomactis gnophodes lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 176 ; tl : melbourne , victoria
syntomactis harmosta meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 388 ; tl : geraldton , west australia
syntomactis hestiopa meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 380 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
syntomactis melamydra lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 177 ; tl : melbourne , victoria
syntomactis melanopa meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 384 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
syntomactis ochlopa meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 381 ; tl : sydney , new south wales ; georges bay , tasmania ; albany , geraldton and york , west australia
syntomactis oxyptera lower , 1900 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 25 ( 3 ) : 420 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales
syntomactis parascia meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 385 ; tl : albany , west australia
syntomactis perinephes lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 176 ; tl : melbourne , victoria
syntomactis phylactis meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 387 ; tl : geraldton , west australia
syntomactis polychroa lower , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 176 ; tl : melbourne , victoria
syntomactis psarotricha meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 382 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
syntomactis psoralea meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 386 ; tl : blackheath ( 3500ft ) , new south wales ; healesville , victoria
syntomactis sedula meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 381 ; tl : newcastle , sydney and mt kosciusko ( 2700ft ) , new south wales
syntomactis spodoptera turner , 1923 ; proc . r . soc . victoria ( n . s . ) 36 : 74
syntomactis strophicodes meyrick , 1917 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 2 ) : 51 ; tl : queensland , townsville
syntomactis tephras meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 385 ; tl : port lincoln , south australia
syntomactis toreutica meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 387 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
syntomactis tropaea meyrick , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 387 ; tl : adelaide and wirrabara , south australia ; carnarvon , west australia
syntomactis valida meyrick , 1919 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 9 ) : 286 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
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turner , 1923 new australian micro - lepidoptera proc . r . soc . victoria ( n . s . ) 36 : 58 - 81
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nomenclator zoologicus . a list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of linnaeus , 1758 to the end of 2004 . digitised by ubio from vols . 1 - 9 of neave ( ed . ) , 1939 - 1996 plus supplementary digital - only volume . urltoken ( as at 2006 ) .
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here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word cataspoda . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word cataspoda and , of course , cataspoda synonyms and on the right images related to the word cataspoda .
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