long run is a retired national hunt racehorse owned by robert waley-cohen and trained during his racing career by nicky henderson in great britain and later by his owner .

long run ( horse )

long run won ' t be ready to run this season ,
said the owner on twitter .
it has not yet been confirmed what long run will be doing during his retirement .
kauto star was probably at his best today , but long run is a very good young horse .
long run trainer nicky henderson was similarly thrilled to see his charge return to winning form .
the win saw long run become only the seventh horse after the likes of kauto star and desert orchid to reclaim the king george title .
long run justified his billing as 7 - 2 favourite by winning the cheltenham gold cup with a superb display .
what i look for is to see a horse that is consistent , that wants to go out there and run a good race and to me that epitomises long run as a horse who is all courage and loves his racing .
nacarat had made the early running , but the french - bred long run and kauto star were always in close proximity .
amateur jockey sam waley - cohen says his 2011 cheltenham gold cup winner long run can reclaim the prize on 15 march .
no horse other than kauto star has regained the gold cup having lost it but there is little likelihood of long run ' s owner robert waley - cohen replacing his son on the horse .
long run , winner of the cheltenham gold cup and two king george vi chases , has been retired from racing aged 11 .
long run lost to silviniaco conti in the betfair chase at haydock in november , while sir des champs won the irish hennessy .
the idea that long run ' s victory brought the scene - shifters into jump racing was resisted by sam , who lost a brother , thomas , to cancer . he said :
it may be too early for that , but long run ' s an amazing horse – and a baby .
amateur jockey sam waley - cohen produced a faultless ride on 9 - 2 second favourite long run , who is owned by his father robert .
the 2011 cheltenham gold cup winner long run will miss this season and return to racing in the autumn , says owner robert waley - cohen .
climbing when a horse lifts its front legs abnormally high as it gallops , causing it to run inefficiently .
on the bit when a horse is eager to run . also known as
in the bridle .
long run was initially aimed at this year’s cheltenham foxhunter before a setback in january saw hopes divert towards the grand national at aintree . sunday’s race was considered a trial run ahead of the liverpool showcase — but his disappointing run prompted connections to call it a day on his illustrious racing career .
inside information is where people who have close connections with a horse know how likely it is that the horse is going to run in a certain race , and if it does , how well it is likely to run .
a mistake by kauto star at the penultimate fence sealed his fate , and the foot - perfect long run surged to the line for a convincing victory .
long run , dual king george vi chase hero and winner of the gold cup , has been retired after finishing fifth in a hunter chase at carlisle .
long run was one of the favourites , at 12 - 1 , for last year ' s national at aintree but fell at valentine ' s brook .
long run is a phenomenal horse and i ' m so pleased he ' s shown people what he is capable of ,
said the 28 - year - old sam waley - cohen .
key horse a single horse used in multiple combinations in an exotic wager . l
kauto star , right , finished a well - beaten third behind long run in the king george vi chase at kempton . photograph : tom jenkins for the observer
brilliant young steeplechaser long run thwarted kauto star ' s bid to create racing history as he trounced his rivals to win the king george vi chase at kempton .
the 15 - 8 favourite long run claimed victory in a thrilling finish to the king george vi chase at kempton to win the race for a second time .
run - out bit a special type of bit to prevent a horse from bearing out ( or in ) . s
asked if he had £10 to put on one horse in the gold cup , waley - cohen replied ;
i would back long run . i think he has a chance of winning it .
long run looked sure to finish third after jumping the final fence , but was eased and stopped to a walk on the run - in , being passed by both barachois silver and durban gold , meaning he beat just one rival home .
long run , trained by nicky henderson , won january ' s king george vi chase but the six - year - old had struggled at cheltenham on previous visits .
the jockey was criticised when winning a second king george in december after long run made a mistake at the last fence but battled back to edge out captain chris .
near side left side of a horse . side on which a horse is mounted .
reins long straps , usually made of leather , that are connected to the bit and used by the jockey to control the horse .
but after running out of time , he instead made the long trip north to cumbria .
nasogastric tube a long tube that is capable of reaching from the nose to the stomach .
national hunt heroes big buck’s , denman and long run are among the equine stars that will be parading at the cheltenham festival on the opening day ( tuesday , 14 march ) .
( a ) silky sullivan a horse that makes a big run from far back . named for the horse silky sullivan , who once made up 41 lengths to win a race .
growth plates located at the end of long bones where they grow in length . see physis .
trip an individual horse ' s race , with specific reference to the difficulty ( or lack of difficulty ) the horse had during competition , e . g . , whether the horse was repeatedly blocked or had an unobstructed run .
bounce a poor race run directly following a career - best or near - best performance .
burn ( ed ) see run down . commonly used in the term : burned heels .
“that’s it for long run now . we’ll find something else for him to do . he’s been a wonderful horse , i’ve had him since was a three - year - old and he’s given us some fantastic moments , ” said robert .
champion trainer henderson has five possible runners , including long run , with the seven barrows handler also leaving in captain conan , finian’s rainbow , riverside theatre and cheltenham gold cup hero bobs worth .
long - distance running and evolution : why humans can outrun horses but can’t jump higher than cats .
breakdown when a horse suffers a potentially career - ending injury , usually to the leg : the horse suffered a breakdown . the horse broke down .
waley - cohen , whose mount beat great steeplechasers denman and kauto star two years ago , has also been third in a gold cup and landed the king george vi chase twice with long run .
long run was the youngest gold cup winner since mill house in 1963 , but was beaten twice by kauto star last season before finishing third behind winner synchronised when favourite for the big cheltenham race .
the race was run at a slow pace and nicky said to be aware and ride him handy . i was just keeping out of trouble and making sure he got a nice run .
spit the bit a term referring to a tired horse that begins to run less aggressively , backing off on the
pull
a rider normally feels on the reins from an eager horse . also used as a generic term for an exhausted horse .
sheets a handicapping tool assigning a numerical value to each race run by a horse to enable different horses running at different racetracks to be objectively compared .
meanwhile , following the carlisle race , long run’s jockey sam received a controversial seven - day suspension for easing up on the gelding during the run - in . he has announced he will appeal against the ban which rules him out of the aintree fox hunters in april — a race the jockey has won three times .
mane long hairs growing on the crest of the horse ' s neck , which are usually kept clipped to about six inches in length for neatness , or decoratively braided .
trainer nicky henderson , claiming his fifth win of the day , sealed a one - two as long run beat stablemate riverside theatre by 12 lengths , with the four - time king george winner a further seven lengths adrift .
but it was time for a new champion as long run , who only officially had his sixth birthday on new year ' s day , proved too good on the day for the 11 - year - old kauto star .
cut down horse suffering from injuries from being struck by the shoes of another horse . or , due to a faulty stride , a horse may cut itself down . d
bha works on the principle that no horse should run in great britain under the effects of medication or have any substance present in its system that can affect performance .
front - runner a horse whose running style is to attempt to get on or near the lead at the start of the race and to continue there as long as possible .
pastern ( bones ) denotes the area between the fetlock joint and the hoof . the joint between the long and short pastern bones is called the
pastern joint .
can also be used to describe the area of the limb or to describe a specific bone long pastern bone . technically known as the p1 ( long ) and p2 ( short ) .
grandsire the grandfather of a horse ; father (
sire
) of the horse ' s dam or sire .
but last year ' s gold cup winner dug deep on the run - in to win by a neck .
one horse who heads to the festival undiminished is the champion hurdler , binocular , trained , like long run , by nicky henderson who had five winners in total . binocular was an authoritative winner of the restaged christmas hurdle under mccoy , who rode the new desert orchid for the first time .
waley - cohen had taken over the training of long run since his unsuccessful journey to france — when he suffered various injuries on his way back to britain - and had hoped to get him qualified for the foxhunter chase at cheltenham .
long run , winner of the two out of the last three runnings of the william hill king george vi chase at kempton and last year’s runner - up , captain chris , head the list of 30 entries for this year’s race .
long run ' s stablemate bobs worth , who has won four races at cheltenham and triumphed in the hennessy gold cup last time out , heads the betting at about 3 - 1 ahead of silviniaco conti and irish challenger sir des champs .
i ' ll sit down and have a talk with clive but if he ' s sound and well there is no reason why he can ' t run in this year ' s gold cup . cheltenham will suit him better than kempton does now , he ' s just that bit slower . long run was always going to be a good horse if he put it all together and he did that .
distal sesamoidean ligaments attaches to the bottom of the sesamoid bones , passing down and attaching to the long and short pastern bones .
flatten out a very tired horse that slows considerably , dropping its head on a straight line with its body . some horses , however , like to run with their heads lowered .
horse when reference is made to sex , a
horse
is an ungelded male five - years - old or older .
fetlock ( joint ) joint located between the cannon bone and the long pastern bone , also referred to as the
ankle .
jail refers to the requirement that a horse which has been claimed that next runs in a claiming race must run for a claiming price 25 percent higher for the next 30 days . commonly used in the phrase the horse is in ( out of ) jail .
digital the part of the limb below the ankle ( fetlock ) joint . includes the long and short pastern bones and the coffin bone .
schooling process of familiarizing a horse with the starting gate and teaching it racing practices . a horse may also be schooled in the paddock . in steeplechasing , more particularly to teach a horse to jump .
but waley - cohen had long run well positioned and they looked dangerous at the top of the hill and loomed alongside the nicholls duo with two fences to go and his younger legs were able to get him clear from the last and up the cheltenham hill for a famous win .
lunge 1 ) horse rearing and plunging . 2 ) a method of exercising a horse on a tether (
lunge line
) . m
“he won’t run again and will now do something he enjoys . whether that’s showing or eventing , we’ll have to wait and see . ”
people who care about horses are turning their backs on the grand national and every other race in which horses are being run to death .
if a horse’s microchip is unreadable / undetectable then the horse will be identified by the markings in its passport . a notification form will be issued by the veterinary officer , for the horse to be re - micro chipped .
on rare occasions a horse will be unable to be identified from its chip or passport . should this happen the horse will be prevented from running .
mare ' s month september . in theory , because mares that have not run well during the summer often
wake up
in september .
long run , who had finished second to kauto star in last year ' s race after winning in 2010 , had battled hard in the testing heavy conditions and three fences from home looked the most likely winner before captain chris and richard johnson challenged with grands crus ( 7 - 1 ) finishing third .
consolation double a payoff to holders of daily double tickets combining the winning horse in the first race of the double with a scratched horse in the second .
fire a burst of acceleration by a horse in a race . for example ,
the horse did ( didn ' t ) fire when asked .
graduate 1 ) winning for the first time , horse or rider . 2 ) a horse that has moved up to allowance , stakes or handicap racing .
defending champion imperial commander , who was out of contention a long way from home before being pulled up , was later found to have burst a blood vessel .
kauto star took the race a long way out and with three fences to go was fighting it out with stablemate and fellow 11 - year - old denman .
i just thought he might run well at kempton , finish third or fourth , and then we ' d put him away for the summer .
david johnson ' s patience is unbelievable . this is the longest td run of his career . . . 58 yards ! # mnf # nyjvsaz urltoken
condition book ( s ) a series of booklets issued by a racing secretary which set forth conditions of races to be run at a particular racetrack .
horse racing betting tips : top picks for the eclipse at sandow . . .
horse racing betting tips june 30 : best bets for the northumbe . . .
any horse affected will receive immediate attention and treatment from the racecourse veterinary team .
fault weak points of a horse ' s conformation or character as a racehorse .
muzzle 1 ) nose and lips of a horse . 2 ) a guard placed over a horse ' s mouth to prevent it from biting or eating . n
second dam grandmother of a horse . also known as a
granddam .
short a horse in need of more work or racing to reach winning form .
snip small patch of white hairs on the nose or lips of a horse .
stall walker horse that moves about its stall constantly and frets rather than rests .
stud 1 ) male horse used for breeding . 2 ) a breeding farm .
timber topper jumper or steeplechase horse . more properly horses jumping over timber fences .
underlay a horse racing at shorter odds than seems warranted by its past performances .
physis plural physes . the
growth plate
at the end of the long bones ( such as the cannon bone ) that lets the bone grow in length .
each horse has its own passport . checks are carried out on selected horses to ensure their recorded markings match the chip number recorded on the passport . all horses having their first run on a racecourse will be checked , as will horses having their first run for a new trainer . equine influenza vaccination records are also checked to ensure they comply with the requirements set out in the rules .
but the golden run came to an end for the northern irishman , who has ridden more than 3 , 000 winners in a record - breaking career .
action 1 ) a horse ' s manner of moving . 2 ) a term meaning wagering , for example ,
the horse took a lot of action .
declared in the united states , a horse withdrawn from a stakes race in advance of scratch time . in europe , a horse confirmed to start in a race .
reserve a minimum price , set by the consignor , for a horse in a public auction . for example ,
the horse did not reach its reserve .
for an amateur to win such a prestigious race is rare , and waley - cohen has had to endure much adverse comment about his suitability for the long run ride . pure nepotism , some thought . his father , robert , said :
that ' s the perfect riposte . he has justified my faith in him .
horse racing tips july 2 : pontefract , hamilton , windsor , wolve . . .
bottom 1 ) stamina in a horse . 2 ) subsurface of a racing strip .
colt an ungelded ( entire ) male horse four - years - old or younger .
digestible energy the amount of energy a horse is able to digest from a feedstuff .
entry fee money paid by an owner to enter a horse in a stakes race .
exercise rider rider who is licensed to exercise a horse during its morning training session .
nose smallest advantage a horse can win by . called a short head in britain .
prop when a horse suddenly stops moving by digging its front feet into the ground .
pull up to stop or slow a horse during or after a race or workout .
show bet wager on a horse to finish in the money ; third or better .
yes , so long as you are still eligible , to claim an allowance in accordance with rules ( f ) 140 or ( f ) 141 of the rules of racing .
green osselet an inflammation and swelling in the fetlock joint of young horses , particularly on the front of the joints where the cannon and long pastern bones meet . see arthritis .
the seven - year - old , who is owned by the jockey ' s father robert , will now be hoping to complete another king george / gold cup double in cheltenham in march , but his stable - mate bobs worth remains at the head of the betting market at around 4 - 1 with long run at around 7 - 1 .
running and jumping comes naturally to horses , and we see them doing both those things in the wild . it’s also interesting to note that when a horse unseats its rider during a race , it will continue to run and jump with the other horses .
beyer number a handicapping tool , popularized by author andrew beyer , assigning a numerical value ( speed figure ) to each race run by a horse based on final time and track condition . this enables different horses running at different racetracks to be objectively compared .
long run ( fr ) b . g , 2005 { 1 - x } dp = 1 - 0 - 4 - 3 - 0 ( 8 ) di = 0 . 60 cd = - 0 . 13 - 34 starts , 15 wins , 7 places , 6 shows career earnings : £1 , 542 , 715 in gb / fr / ire
break ( a horse ) 1 ) to train a young horse to wear a bridle and saddle , carry a rider and respond to a rider ' s commands . almost always done when the horse is a yearling . 2 ) to leave from the starting gate .
trial in thoroughbred racing , a preparatory race created in tandem with a subsequent , more important stakes race to be run a few days or weeks hence the derby trial .
the french - bred horse becomes the youngest gold cup winner since mill house in 1963 .
i want to say thank you to everyone for believing in me and the horse .
horse racing tips july 6 : best bets for sandown , doncaster , ne . . .
horse racing tips july 3 : best bets for stratford , brighton , h . . .
horse racing tips july 1 : best bets for uttoxeter , cartmel , wi . . .
horse racing tips june 30 : best bets for york , chester , windso . . .
horse racing tips june 25 : best bets for beverley , brighton , n . . .
brace ( or bracer ) rubdown liniment used on a horse after a race or workout .
breeze ( breezing ) working a horse at a moderate speed , less effort than handily .
conformation the physical makeup of and bodily proportions of a horse how it is put together .
driving a horse that is all out to win and under strong urging from its jockey .
grass slip used in some areas , permission to exercise a horse on the turf course .
head a margin between horses . one horse leading another by the length of its head .
the foot of the horse . consists of several parts that play an integral role in supporting the weight of the horse . see
hoof
subsection of
musculoskeletal system
in
mudder horse that races well on muddy tracks . also known as a
mudlark .
overweight surplus weight carried by a horse when the rider cannot make the required weight . p
shank rope or strap attached to a halter or bridle by which a horse is led .
taken up a horse pulled up sharply by its rider because of being in close quarters .
closed knees a condition when the cartilaginous growth plate above the knee ( distal radial physis ) has turned to bone . indicates completion of long bone growth and is one sign of maturity .
long run is an 8 - 1 chance for a repeat performance of last season’s epic battle with captain chris – who is rated a 25 - 1 shot – after a disappointing showing in last weekend’s charlie hall chase at wetherby , in which he finished out of the first three for the first time in his career , but subsequently was found to have scoped badly .
oiled ( oiling ) administration of mineral oil via nasogastric tube to relieve gas or pass blockage . preventative procedure commonly used in long van rides to prevent impaction with subsequent colics . see colic .
a horse ambulance is available on site to ensure prompt and safe transport of an injured horse to either the on - course veterinary treatment facilities or a near - by equine referral centre .
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cup 1 ) refers to the irregular occlusal surface of the tooth ( the surfaces that meet when a horse closes its mouth ) and is used as a visual method of determining age in a horse . 2 ) trophy awarded to winning horse owners , usually in a stakes race .
william hill king george vi chase odds : 5 - 1 dynaste , 6 - 1 bobs worth , cue card , silviniaco conti , 7 - 1 sir des champs , 8 - 1 long run , 12 - 1 al ferof , 16 - 1 captain conan , flemenstar , mount benbulben , 20 - 1 lord windermere , menorah , tidal bay , 25 - 1 bar .
horse racing tips july 8 : best bets for ayr , market rasen , fai . . .
check ( ed ) when a jockey slows a horse due to other horses impeding its progress .
connections persons identified with a horse , such as owner , trainer , rider and stable employees .
morning glory horse that performs well in morning workouts but fails to reproduce that form in races .
rabbit a speed horse running as an entry with another , usually come - from - behind horse . the rabbit is expected to set a fast pace to help the chances of its stablemate .
ridden out a horse that finishes a race under mild urging , not as severe as driving .
white a horse color , extremely rare , in which all the hairs are white . the horse ' s eyes are brown , not pink , as would be the case for an albino .
there was disappointment for amateur jockey willy twiston - davies when he was unseated by the well - fancied baby run in the christie ' s foxhunter chase two from home when well clear .
condylar ( fracture ) a fracture in the lower knobby end ( condyle ) of the lower ( distal ) end of a long bone such as the cannon bone or humerus ( upper front limb ) .
the sport’s substantial investment in veterinary research and education brings benefits for all breeds of horse in britain .
carpus a joint in the horse ' s front leg , more commonly referred to as the knee .
cryptorchid a
unilateral cryptorchid
is a male horse of any age that has one testicle undescended . a
bilateral cryptorchid
is a male horse of any age that has both testicles undescended . the jockey club defines
cryptorchid
as a male horse of any age that has both testicles undescended .
feather light weight . usually refers to the weight a horse is assigned to carry in a race .
hung a horse that does not advance its position in a race when called upon by its jockey .
nominator one who owns a horse at the time it is named to compete in a stakes race .
overlay a horse going off at higher odds than it appears to warrant based on its past performances .
steadied a horse being taken in hand by its rider , usually because of being in close quarters .
tattoo a permanent , indelible mark on the inside of the upper lip used to identify the horse .
five out he was clumsy ; four out he dropped four lengths behind the leaders as long run surged ahead of the old champion and staked his claim on the future , passing the post 12 lengths clear of his stable companion riverside theatre . at the second - last kauto star turned mccoy into a rodeo rider , blundering badly and almost ejecting the bbc sports personality of the year out of the saddle .
it’s important to note that if a horse does not want to race , it won’t , and very occasionally we see a horse plant its feet and refuse to move . no horse can be made to race against its will . in the overwhelming majority of cases , horses happily take part in a race .
the graduate development programme is run each year from the end of june to beginning of september with around 18 placements on offer . visit the graduate page on the careersinracing website to found out more .
as with any sport , those taking part do sometimes suffer injury , but it is important to note that 99 . 58 % of runners in british racing complete their race without incurring any long - term injury .
scratch to be taken out of a race before it starts . trainers usually scratch horses due to adverse track conditions or a horse ' s adverse health . a veterinarian can scratch a horse at any time .
stakes a race for which the owner usually must pay a fee to run a horse . the fees can be for nominating , maintaining eligibility , entering and starting , to which the track adds more money to make up the total purse . some stakes races are by invitation and require no payment or fee .
“he’s been a magic horse and in many ways changed our lives with the fabulous days he’s given us .
“it was a course record as well , which just puts into context how good a horse he was .
closer a horse that runs best in the latter part of the race , coming from off the pace .
conditioner 1 ) a trainer . 2 ) a workout or race to enable a horse to attain fitness .
cuppy ( track ) a dry and loose racing surface that breaks away under a horse ' s hooves .
drop ( ed ) down a horse meeting a lower class of rival than it had been running against .
earmuffs a piece of equipment that covers a horse ' s ears to prevent it from hearing distracting sounds .
leg up 1 ) to help a jockey mount a horse . 2 ) a jockey having a mount .
prep ( race ) a workout ( or race ) used to prepare a horse for a future engagement .
teaser a male horse used at breeding farms to determine whether a mare is ready to receive a stallion .
if a horse is injured , it’s important that it is kept calm , and provided with some privacy . a screen helps create a calm environment around the horse and allows the vets to work safely and without distraction .
this horse is still only six , so there is a lot to look forward to with him yet .
bad doer a horse with a poor appetite , a condition that may be due to nervousness or other causes .
false favorite horse that is a race favorite despite being outclassed by other competition in the field . see underlay .
past performances a horse ' s racing record , earnings , bloodlines and other data , presented in composite form .
blood - typing a way to verify a horse ' s parentage . blood - typing is usually completed within the first year of a horse ' s life and is necessary before registration papers will be issued by the jockey club .
but he ' s improved a massive amount from that run . today he ' s travelled supremely and jumped . he picked them up the minute he wanted to and he ' s our little hurricane fly .
veterinary surgeons must record any vaccines given in the horse’s passport . if the horse is signed out of the food chain in its passport , generally no other records need to be kept for the vmd . if the horse is not signed out of the food chain there are strict recording requirements for the acquisition , use and disposal of medicines : urltoken
declaring a new era open , bookmakers installed long run as the 6 - 1 second - favourite for the gold cup behind imperial commander ( 3 - 1 ) , who defends his title at the cheltenham festival . kauto star was pushed out to 8 - 1 , the same price as his stablemate denman . those two have carved up steeplechasing over the past five years but motor to the cotswolds now as beloved veterans – assuming kauto star travels at all .
paying his own tribute , he said : “he’s been a phenomenal horse who rose to the biggest occasion every time .
as with any sport , horse racing is tough , but the level of risk for its participants is very low .
break maiden horse or rider winning the first race of its career . also known as
earning a diploma .
gate card a card , issued by the starter , stating that a horse is properly schooled in starting gate procedures .
gelding a male horse of any age that has been neutered by having both testicles removed (
gelded
) .
morning line probable odds on each horse in a race , as determined by a mathematical formula used by the track handicapper , who tries to gauge both the ability of the horse and the likely final odds as determined by the bettors .
overgirth an elastic band that goes completely around a horse , over the saddle , to keep the saddle from slipping .
speed figure a handicapping tool used to assign a numerical value to a horse ' s performance . see beyer number .
subscription fee paid by owner to nominate a horse for a stakes race or to maintain eligibility for a stakes race .
tubing inserting a nasogastric tube through a horse ' s nostril into its stomach for the purpose of providing oral medication .
wheel betting all possible combinations in an exotic wager using at least one horse as the key . see part wheel .
yearling a horse in its second calendar year of life , beginning jan . 1 of the year following its birth .
re - entered the reason that the horse was scratched out of the race was that he was either a ) entered in another race on that day , either at the same track or another track and opted to race in the other race or b ) was scratched out of this race to run in another race in the next few days .
“when it’s a 50 - 50 call , i think you lean on the side of the welfare of the horse . ”
breather easing off on a horse for a short distance in a race to permit it to conserve or renew its strength .
gastric ulcers ulceration of a horse ' s stomach . often causes symptoms of abdominal distress ( colic ) and general unthriftiness .
hood a ( usually ) nylon covering which goes over a horse ' s head to which blinkers or earmuffs are attached .
part wheel using a key horse or horses in different , but not all possible , exotic wagering combinations . see wheel .
state - bred a horse bred in a particular state and thus eligible to compete in races restricted to state - breds .
swayback horse with a prominent concave shape of the backbone , usually just behind the withers ( saddle area ) . scoliosis .
in sum , you might say we were born to run . but you also might just as well say we ran to be born . come to think of it , that would make a seriously good motto for the wales marathon .
in only his second run over hurdles after an impressive debut at kempton , the 13 - 2 chance , ridden by daryl jacob , ran out an impressive two - and - a - quarter - length winner from the irish filly unaccompanied .
added weight a horse carrying more weight than the conditions of the race require , usually because the jockey exceeds the stated limit .
cast a horse , positioned on its side or back , and wedged against a wall , such that it cannot get up .
maiden 1 ) a horse or rider that has not won a race . 2 ) a female that has never been bred .
refuse 1 ) when a horse will not break from the gate . 2 ) in jumping races , balking at a jump .
stripe a white marking running down a horse ' s face , starting under an imaginary line connecting the tops of the eyes .
the big horses were all there and he had to get through them , and he did . it was a wonderful ride . it was a great race because all the horses have run great races - there ' s no disputing it .
open knee a condition of young horses in which the physis of the knee has not closed ; an immature knee . often used to describe the status of the physis immediately above the knee and is an indicator of long bone growth in two - year - olds .
flank area between the horse ' s ribs and hip . lacking heavy musculature and the site of important internal organs , the flank is a very sensitive region on the horse ' s body and cannot be touched by a jockey ' s whip during a race .
twitch a restraining device usually consisting of a stick with a loop of rope or chain at one end , which is placed around a horse ' s upper lip and twisted , releasing endorphins that relax a horse and curb its fractiousness while it is being handled .
but , despite their successful association , some believe a professional with more experience should be on board the nicky henderson - trained horse .
it is information that is known by those who work closely with the horse such as an owner , trainer , rider , stable employee or their service providers . service providers are people like vets , farriers and feedmen that have provided services to do with the horse .
ewios , who work in teams , are responsible for the security of the stable yard and the monitoring horse welfare at race meetings .
across the board a bet on a horse to win , place and show . if the horse wins , the player collects three ways ; if second , two ways ; and if third , one way , losing the win and place bets . actually three wagers .
black a horse color which is black , including the muzzle , flanks , mane , tail and legs unless white markings are present .
groom a person who cares for a horse in a stable . known as a
lad
or
girl
in britain .
neck unit of measurement . about the length of a horse ' s neck ; a little less than a quarter of a length .
rattle used in the expression ,
he likes to hear his feet rattle ,
a horse that likes a firm turf course .
we ' ll know more in a week ,
said clive smith , his owner , acknowledging at least the possibility that the first horse to regain the gold cup title has run his last race . if any damage is found , smith added , they could
call it a day
. paul nicholls , his trainer , favours perseverance and will argue for one more adventure .
the decision was made to retire the son of cadoudal after he finished fifth in a hunter chase at carlise on sunday ( 20 march ) . it was his comeback run after sustaining an injury on his way back from racing in france in may 2014 .
girth 1 ) an elastic and leather band , sometimes covered with sheepskin , that passes under a horse ' s belly and is connected to both sides of the saddle . 2 ) deepest point of the horse ' s midsection , around which the saddle girth is tightened .
owners and trainers love their horses and have invested huge amounts of time and care into looking after and training them . the last thing they want is to have to put down a horse . but horses have far more complex physiology than humans , and a broken leg can often cause damage to blood vessels and other tissue . because horses can not stay off their feet for long periods , broken bones do not have a chance to heal , and so often sadly the kindest way to help a horse with a broken limb is to put it down .
when he got there he saw the crowd and he wanted to stop and have a look . what a horse he is .
a trainer or member of their stable staff may sign in the owner of their horse and escort them in and out of the stables .
cribber a horse that clings to objects with its teeth and sucks air into its stomach . also known as a
wind sucker .
forelock lock of mane hair that falls forward from the poll ( top of the head ) to just above the horse ' s eyes .
under wraps horse under stout restraint in a race or workout to keep it from pulling away from the competition by too large a margin .
99 . 58 % of runners in british racing complete their race without incurring any long - term injury . over the last twenty years , concerted efforts across the sport has seen an already low equine fatality rate drop by a further third , to just 0 . 18 % of runners .
claiming process by which a licensed person may purchase a horse entered in a designated race for a predetermined price . when a horse has been claimed , its new owner assumes title after the starting gate opens although the former owner is entitled to all purse money earned in that race .
off - track betting wagering at legalized betting outlets usually run by the tracks , management companies specializing in parimutuel wagering , or , in new york state , by independent corporations chartered by the state . wagers at otb sites are usually commingled with on - track betting pools .
racecourses employ experienced veterinary surgeons and have state - of - the - art horse ambulances available to ensure the very best treatment of any injury .
distanced horse so far behind the rest of the field of runners that it is out of contact and unable to regain a position of contention .
rank a horse that refuses to settle under a jockey ' s handling in a race , running in a headstrong manner without respect to pace .
washed out a horse that becomes so nervous that it sweats profusely . also known as
washy
or
lathered ( up ) .
if a horse does have to be put down , it is done in a quick and painless way , by a trained veterinary surgeon . the usual method is by injection , but the vets will decide on the most appropriate course of action for the horse based on its specific circumstances . any decision is taken by a team of veterinary surgeons ; where appropriate this will be done in consultation with the owners and trainer of a horse .
jumps in horse racing are designed , first and foremost , to be as safe as possible , and allow horses to show off their natural athleticism . there are lots of ways that jumps are designed to pose a challenge to the horse and jockey , but at the same time minimise risk .
claiming race a race in which each horse entered is eligible to be purchased at a set price . claims must be made before the race and only by licensed owners or their agents who have a horse registered to race at that meeting or who have received a claim certificate from the stewards .
tongue tie strip of cloth - type material used to stabilize a horse ' s tongue to prevent it from
choking down
in a race or workout or to keep the tongue from sliding up over the bit , rendering the horse uncontrollable . also known as a
tongue strap .
“it is a difficult balance for the stewards . you have to have the horse’s welfare in your mind as well as riding for all your worth .
also - eligible a horse officially entered for a race , but not permitted to start unless the field is reduced by scratches below a specified number .
dosage index ( di ) a mathematical reduction of the dosage profile to a number reflecting a horse ' s potential for speed or stamina . the higher the number , the more likely the horse is suited to be a sprinter . the average dosage index of all horses is about 4 . 0 .
as races are shorter on the flat , it’s important that the participants begin in as straight a line as possible . for longer races ( and that includes some long flat races as well as all jump races ) , riders often want to take up a tactical position that they believe offers their horse its best chance to perform well . for some , that might mean going out in front , whilst for others it might mean taking a lead from another horse or dropping in at the back of the field . the ground would often be too soft to move the stalls around on at a jumps meeting .
elite human runners , however , can sustain speeds up to 6 . 5 meters per second . even run - of - the - mill joggers typically do between 3 . 2 and 4 . 2 meters per second , which means they can outrun dogs at distances greater than two kilometers .
the cardinals running back proved that yet again monday night . against the jets , johnson got the scoring started with a 58 - yard touchdown run . he showed great patience in allowing the play to develop before he hit full speed and then proceeded to dance his way around the entire defense .
all racecourses appoint specialist equine veterinary surgeons ( racecourse veterinary surgeons ) who attend each race meeting to provide immediate first aid and veterinary treatment to any horse .
fontana safety rail an aluminum rail , in use since 1981 , designed to help reduce injuries to horse and rider . it has more of an offset ( slant ) to provide greater clearance between the rail and the vertical posts as well as a protective cover to keep horse and rider from striking the posts .
nod lowering of head . to win by a nod , a horse extends its head with its nose touching the finish line ahead of a close competitor .
tightener 1 ) a race used to give a horse a level of fitness that cannot be obtained through morning exercises alone . 2 ) a leg brace .
top line 1 ) a thoroughbred ' s breeding on its sire ' s side . 2 ) the visual line presented by the horse ' s back .
pony any horse or pony that leads the parade of the field from paddock to starting gate . also , a horse or pony which accompanies a starter to the starting gate . also can be used as a verb he was ponied to the gate . also known as a
lead [ leed ] pony .
cooling out restoring a horse to normal temperature , usually by walking , after it has become overheated during exercise . all horses that are exercised are cooled out .
entire an ungelded horse . in europe , where geldings are not permitted to enter certain races , the race conditions might read
entire colts and fillies .
handily 1 ) working in the morning with maximum effort . compare with , 2 ) a horse racing well within itself , with little exertion from the jockey .
as it is important to complete any course of antibiotics to help prevent resistance developing within the bacteria we would not wish for a trainer to stop giving a course of antibiotics prescribed by a vet in order for the horse to be eligible to run in the future . we are confident that antibiotics do not improve performance on raceday . more details on detection of anti - infective drugs can in the bha notices section of the rules website and there are specific notices on :


eophrynids lived during the carboniferous period in what is now modern europe and north america.the family is probably found within the ' eophrynid assemblage ' clade ; ( aphantomartus ( alkenia ( pseudokreischeria ( kreischeria ( eophrynus + pleophrynus ) ) ) ) ) .

eophrynidae

1930 ) wird erneut beschrieben und als der älteste bekannte vertreter der eophrynidae zur familie der eophrynidae gestellt . dies legt nahe , daß die trigonotarbiden sich bereits während des unterkarbons in die aus dem oberkarbon bekannten familien aufgespalten hatten .
eophrynidae is a family of the extinct arachnid order trigonotarbida . eophrynids lived during the carboniferous period in what is now modern europe and north america .
1930 ) , is redescribed and referred to the family eophrynidae as the oldest known eophrynid . it suggests that trigonotarbids had diversified into the recognised upper carboniferous families by the lower carboniferous .
this page is based on the copyrighted wikipedia article eophrynidae ; it is used under the creative commons attribution - sharealike 3 . 0 unported license ( cc - by - sa ) . you may redistribute it , verbatim or modified , providing that you comply with the terms of the cc - by - sa
a new eophrynid trigonotarbid ( arachnida : trigonotarbida : eophrynidae ) from the pennsylvanian ( kasimovian ) astrasado formation of the kinney brick quarry , new mexico is described . this fossil – the first arachnid to be recorded from the astrasado formation – is preserved primarily as a dorsal opisthosoma . pleophrynus hawesi sp . nov . diagnostically preserves evidence for three pairs of posterior opisthosomal spines rather than the two usually seen in other eophrynids . a comparison of opisthosomal tuberculation patterns among the best known eophrynid species is included . at ca . 304 . 0–306 . 5 ma , our new taxon represents one of the youngest records of eophrynidae , while the kinney brick quarry is only the twelfth site in north america to yield trigonotarbid arachnids ; compared to more than 60 such localities in europe .
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full reference : f . karsch . 1882 . ueber ein neues spinnenthier aus der schlesischen steinkohle und die arachniden der steinkohlen - formation überhaupt . zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen gesellschaft 34 : 556 - 561
parent taxon : trigonotarbida according to j . a . dunlop et al . 2013
see also brauckmann et al . 2003 , haase 1890 , petrunkevitch 1945 and petrunkevitch 1949
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
( eds . ) paleotectonic investigations of the mississippian system in the united states part 1 : introduction and regional analyses of the mississippian system . - u . s . geological survey professional paper 1010 - c : 13–48 , washington .
1994a . palaeobiology of the trigonotarbid arachnids . - unpublished ph . d . thesis , university of manchester .
— 1994b . the palaeobiology of the writhlington trigonotarbid arachnid . - proceedings of the geologists’ association
— 1995 . a redescription of two eophrynids ( arachnida : trigonotarbida ) from the coal measures of ostrava , czech republic . - neues jahrbuch für geologie und paläontologie , monatshefte 1995 : 449–461 , stuttgart .
1990 . land animals in the silurian : arachnids and myriapods from shropshire , england . - science
1913 . a monograph of the terrestrial palaeozoic arachnida of north america . - transactions of the connecticut academy of arts and science
— 1953 . paleozoic and mesozoic arachnida of europe . - memoirs of the geological society of america
( ed . ) treatise on invertebrate paleontology , pt . p , arthropoda 2 , chelicerata : 42–162 , geological society of america and university of kansas press ( lawrence / kansas ) .
1924 . beitrag zur geologie des steinkohlengebiets im südharz . - jahrbuch des halleschen verbands für die erforschung der mitteldeutschen bodenschätze und ihrer verwertung
pocock ( basal stephanian ; prov . león , n . w . spain ) , with remarks on aphantomartid taxonomy . - boletin geológico y minero de españa
1987 . new terrestrial arachnids from the devonian of gilboa , new york ( arachnida , trigonotarbida ) . - american museum novitates :
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hallan , j . ( 2000 - current ) . biology catalog . web compilation accessible at urltoken ( accessed june 2012 ) .
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hasse , e . 1890 . beiträge zur kenntnis der fossilen arachniden . zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen gesellschaft , 42 : 629 - 657 .
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hephaestus books represents a new publishing paradigm , allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive , relevant , and informative books . to date , this content has been curated from wikipedia articles and images under creative commons licensing , although as hephaestus books continues to increase in scope and dimension , more licensed and public domain content is being added . we believe books such as this represent a new and exciting lexicon in the sharing of human knowledge . this particular book contains . . . read more
hephaestus books represents a new publishing paradigm , allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive , relevant , and informative books . to date , this content has been curated from wikipedia articles and images under creative commons licensing , although as hephaestus books continues to increase in scope and dimension , more licensed and public domain content is being added . we believe books such as this represent a new and exciting lexicon in the sharing of human knowledge . this particular book contains chapters focused on prehistoric arachnids , and trigonotarbids . read less
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the wingspan is 10 – 12 mm .

the species is variable in color , ranging from very dark to whitish gray , the ground color ( dark or light ) being rather uniform over the forewing , the basal area no darker or lighter than the median and terminal areas .

the antemedial band rather broad , whitish , oblique and nearly straight , outwardly bordered on costal half by a narrow blackish line .

the subterminal line is narrow , parallel and near to the termen , slightly irregular , whitish bordered inwardly towards the costa by a thin , faint , blackish line .

the discocellular spots more or less obsolescent , when distinct , separate and blackish .

the hindwings are whitish to pale smoky fuscous , shaded with smoky fuscous towards the apex and termen .

australephestiodes

australephestiodes is a genus of moths belonging to the family pyralidae . it contains only one species australephestiodes stictella , which is found in florida and on the bahamas , jamaica , puerto rico and the virgin islands .
genus : australephestiodes neunzig , 1988 . moths am . n . mexico ( 15 . 3 ) : 68 .
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neunzig , h . h . , 1990 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 15 . 3 , p . 69 ; pl . 2 . 34 - 36 . order
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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type - species : unadilla stictella hampson , 1901 . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) , 7 : 255 . [ bhl ]
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a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
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acanthaspis petax is a species of assassin bug that preys on ants .

this species uses carcasses of its preferred prey item to disguise itself from predation from spiders in the salticidae family .

this insect lives in east africa near lake victoria , in countries including uganda , kenya , and tanzania .

it measures about 1 cm ( 0.4 in ) in length .

acanthaspis petax

the wierd but facinating acanthaspis petax in khao yai national park . inset is a jumping spider seen on an adjacent branch at the same time
robert jackson and simon pollard from the university of canterbury have been studying a pretender with a much more gruesome disguise – the ant - snatching assassin bug acanthaspis petax , which covers itself with the corpses of its own prey .
heres turmeric , shes an asocial assassin bug , based on milkweed assassin bug and acanthaspis petax . she carved those skulls out of wood in hopes people would just leave her be , shes old and tired and not great with socialization
acanthaspis petax is famous for it ' s incredible use of dead ants to perform a macabre form of aggressive mimicry . as you can see from the photograph this assassin bug covers itself by stacking the exoskeletons of dead ants into its back and carrying them around like a rucksack !
but why do the assassin bugs refrain from using other insects in the same way ? the researchers suggest that acanthaspis petax may actually be relying on the spiders’ inherent reluctance to attack ants . because ants have a tendency to swarm and may secrete chemical weapons , the spiders don’t typically hunt them .
for years , scientists debated why acanthaspis petax engaged in this unusual behavior . it hunts several different types of prey , but appears to exclusively stack ant bodies on its back . some suggested that the ant corpses may provide olfactory camouflage when hunting , while others thought the mound of bodies may be used as a visual distraction for larger creatures that are hunting the assassin bug .
it is believed that they perform this grizzly feat in order to mask themselves from the predatory jumping spiders ( salticidae ) that sometimes feed on them . it is thought that jumping spiders do not normally attack ants due to their nature of swarming and use of acids as defence . an incredible form of camoflague and defense by acanthaspis petax showing just how complex the interactions of species in bio - diverse habitats like khao yai national park can be .
a fascinating find by ian edwardes in khao yai national park is the assassin bug acanthapsis petax . known to exist in africa , malaysia and the philippines this incedible member of the reduviidae family is now known to be found in thailand also .
this is acanthaspis petax , a member of the reduviidae family , which is found in east africa and malaysia . like other assassin bugs , it hunts its prey by piercing it with its proboscis , injecting paralysis - inducing saliva and an enzyme that dissolves tissue , then sucking out the innards . but unlike other bugs , it then fashions empty ant exoskeletons into protective outerwear . the insect can carry as many as 20 dead ants at a time , and binds them together with a sticky excretion into a cluster that may be larger than its own body .
assassin bugs are insects of the family reduviidae and while reduviidae is a large family one species ( acanthaspis petax ) from malaysia does something extraordinary , when the assassin bug attaches its prey it injects it with a enzyme that liquefies the its innards so the bug can easily suck them out leaving the prey as an empty husk of an exoskeleton . the assassin then takes the empty shell and attacks it to its back using a sticky substance to keep them in place , the bug will pile these carcasses high making a mound of twenty or more exoskeletons . these trophies provide the bug several benefits as the mound of dead prey will make any predator think twice before attacking the assassin bug , and if a predator does attack the expendable mound of husks will serve as the first line of defense so the bug can escape .
many animals in our world are known to collect things : cats can start collections of garden gloves , birds will steal beads and bottle caps for their nests , squirrels hoard stashes of nuts . most often , animals collect and store food . even if they’re not hungry now , food is too good to pass up , so they will store it for later when they need it . those who don’t collect food often run their collections for aesthetic reasons . birds build their nests with brightly colored objects to attract mates ; decorator crabs and sea urchins add bits of ocean debris to their camouflage . some insect larvae will spin bits of trash into their cocoons in order to strengthen them . or my personal favorite , the acanthaspis petax collects the carcasses of ants that it has eaten and stores them on its back , so it looks bigger , badder , and is less likely to be eaten by its own predators .
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the nymphs cover themselves with their victims ' bodies . three nymphs and one adult are in the video , but there were eight nymphs hanging around . this is one of my favourite bugs .
this modern - day assassin bug stacks dead ant bodies on its back to confuse predators .
imagine you’re wandering in the forests near lake victoria , in kenya or tanzania , when you spot something strange crawling on a leaf . it looks like a dozen or so ants , stuck together in a ball . but look more closely and you’ll see the ants are dead . and there’s a nasty - looking insect underneath , hauling these ants corpses along like a miniature backpack .
in 2007 , a team of researchers from new zealand carried out an experiment to test whether the insect’s corpse - carrying strategy truly helped protect it from predation . in the study , they left assassin bugs alone in glass cages with several species of jumping spiders , which are their natural predators . some of the insects were carrying balls of ant carcasses on their backs ( the researchers called these “masked” bugs ) while others were left naked . since the jumping spiders have excellent vision but a poor sense of smell—they hunt by using their acute sense of sight to make a precisely gauged leap and land on their prey—the experiment would indicate if the ant bodies served as visual camouflage or not .
the result : the spiders attacked the naked bugs roughly ten times more often than the masked ones . the researchers even repeated the experiment with dead , preserved assassin bugs , to control for the effects of movement and behavior , and the results remained the same . carrying that ball of dead ants , it turns out , is a great strategy for the assassin bug to use in trying to survive for its next meal .
the scientists speculate that the large mound of corpses changes the visual form of the insect to the point where the spiders can’t recognize it as prey .
joseph stromberg is a science reporter for vox . com . he was previously a digital reporter for smithsonian .
a mongoose is lightning fast and has razor - sharp teeth . a black mamba can kill 15 grown men with just one bite . which of these two mortal enemies will win ?
is a kiss really just a kiss ? in this one - minute video , our ask smithsonian host , eric schulze , explains why we pucker up .
sand strikers , also known as bobbit worms , are primitive - looking creatures that lack eyes , or even a brain . despite this , they are savage predators who shoot out grapple - like hooks to reel in passing fish .
what ' s the difference between england , britain and the u . k . ?
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well it ' s halloween and while that is not really a thing here in australia i thought i should choose an appropriate creature for my slowly growing american audience . i thought of some sort of bat ( of which i have many ) or something which looks evil like last week ' s leaf tailed gecko but i decided that
would be perfect . it is a bug which makes a costume out of the dead bodies of its prey .
reduviidae ( assassin bugs ) are one of my favorite families . they have a curved
and raptorial spiny forelegs which make they use to deadly effect when catching prey .
( these sems are my own work , they are of a reduviid in the genus oncocephalus . if you want to use them for any purpose in any form you can , without condition . if you do use them i would appreciate a link to this blog if possible . )
many members of this family are highly specialized in the prey which they catch and have developed some really cool tricks for killing prey , which has earned the family the common name assassin bug .
is a voracious predator of arthropods . it is an ant hunting specialist and has a horrifying trick . when it kills an ant and sucks out its fluids , as assasin bugs do , it uses the dried out remains to disguise itself . it excretes a glue like substance and sticks the ant husk to itself . it can stick up to 20 ants onto itself at a time .
this may seem like a fairly useless disguise , but the purpose seems to be to give the bug the appearance of being an ant swarm . predators are reluctant to attack ants because they are fairly unpalatable and they tend to defend themselves in swarms . this has been shown to work in experiments with jumping spiders . there has also been speculation that the dead ants act as a visual and / or olfactory camouflage which assists them in capturing ants .
is from malaysia , which i was a little confused about because i had always thought it was african . upon trying to find out weather this meant the malaysian peninsula or borneo i could not find any records of asian specimens in the literature . according to the literature i have read , they all seem to come from africa , most commonly uganda , but some records from west central africa exist . i ' m not sure where this discrepancy comes from .
unused creatures in my backlog . if i can ' t thick of anything else to add to the list i will run out of material on 22 / 03 / 2017 . if you have any creatures to suggest , please let me know , details are on the contact me page .
this is an old article , reposted from the original wordpress incarnation of not exactly rocket science . i’m travelling around at the moment so the next few weeks will have some classic pieces and a few new ones i prepared earlier .
the animal world is full of charlatans . some have bodies shaped by natural selection to fade into the background or resemble other harmful species . yet others , like chameleons and octopuses , have the rare ability to actively change their colour or shape to actively hide themselves from view .
many species disguise themselves through their behaviour rather than their bodies ; like human soldiers in camouflage gear , they don special suits to remain inconspicuous .
decorator crabs , for example , coat their shells with a collection of sea anemones , algae , corals and sponges , held on with velcro - like bristles while other crabs actively carry these living masks with specially modified legs . these species have the cartoonish air of a man carrying a pot plant in front of him while sneaking past on tip - toes . but some charlatans are not so amusing .
the word ‘bug’ has a specific technical meaning – it refers to a group of insects , the hemipterans , that have sucking mouthparts . most , like aphids , use these to gulp plant sap but the assassin bugs use them for murder . they grab passing insects , stab them with their syringe - like mouthparts , inject paralytic saliva and digestive enzymes and suck up the broken - down bodily fluids .
most species discard the lifeless husks but the ant - snatcher secretes fine sticky threads from its back and there it sticks the remains of its prey . an earlier study suggested that the assassin bug’s cadaverous backpack protected it from other predators and now , jackson and pollard have tested this theory by pitting the bugs against jumping spiders .
jumping spiders are superb stalkers that use keen vision and accurate leaps to ambush prey . jackson and pollard let three species of jumping spiders loose upon either naked assassin bugs or those bearing ant - coats .
they found that the spiders attacked the naked bugs about ten times more than the covered ones , even if the bugs in question were actually dead and preserved .
the fact that the dead shielded bugs were just as uninviting as their living peers suggests that the disguise has nothing to do with a change in the bugs’ behaviour or motion but everything to do with the ants they carried . clearly , when faced with a jumping spider , wearing a coat of dead ants can mean the difference between life or death to an assassin bug .
why does it work ? unlike the decorator crabs , the assassin bugs weren’t plastering themselves with local wildlife to blend in . certainly , the experiments were done in glass cages with no other ants around . instead , jackson and pollard suggests that the ants break up the bug’s form so that instead of a characteristic shape that the spider can tag as ‘prey’ , it sees a jumbled mess that doesn’t look like anything it has ever eaten before . it sees the bug , but doesn’t register it as a meal .
there is a final possibility though . ants are not easy prey – they have chemical weapons and strength in numbers and many small predators give them a wide berth . so the bugs’ grisly defence may rely on using ants in particular and jackson and pollard are now putting this idea to the test .
reference : jackson , r . r . , pollard , s . d . ( 2007 ) . bugs with backpacks deter vision - guided predation by jumping spiders . journal of zoology , 273 ( 4 ) , 358 - 363 . doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1469 - 7998 . 2007 . 00335 . x
wildlife thailand is a community website for sharing information , photographs and experiences on thailand ' s wildlife , bio - diversity and protected areas . creating awareness of this wonderful world around us .
here is another example , seen in pang sida national park , of a creature using the exoskeletons of insects as protection . its a larval nymph but of what i have absolutely no idea .
i do not know the answer . what i do know is that my gps struggles in deep valleys to ' contact ' the . . .
500 pf f5 . 6 about to be announced . . . 24 cm long . . . . . 4300 usd expensive for f5 . 6 but 24 cm is . . .
if there is a clear ' trail ' forming from the bite site ( see pic below for example ) , then likely it . . .
its about time for a redesign of the web site - this design has served us well but its now time to . . .
good to hear the chicks of the blue - banded kingfisher have fledged successfully .
the draco is d . blanfordii and the calotes is c . emma . the calotes emma can be distinguished by the . . .
an interesting article here . . . we make no comment . . . . . we leave it to you to read between the . . .
i sat by a leaf i saw a neocollyris bonelli ( i think - the smaller tiger beetles can be confusing ) . . .
thanks ton ! heres a couple more . without a doubt the biggest earwig that i have ever seen - . . .
. . . . . i call on all citizens , businesses and governments to play their part in protecting the world’s wild animals and plants . the actions taken by each of us will determine the fate of the world’s wildlife . the future of wildlife is in our hands !
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the pokémon world is interesting because many of their animals have evolved to look like man - made objects , such as voltorb or klefki . klefki is the key ring pokémon , who mischievously collects keys and jingles them at its foes . it makes sense that , if its goal is to collect keys , it would evolve to look like a keyring so it could potentially trick people into giving them their keys . klefki’s shape is it’s own form of unique camouflage , but it begs the question : why does kelfki want the keys in the first place ?
our first clue is in the pokédex : “these key collectors threaten any attackers by fiercely jingling their keys at them” , making noise is an excellent way to scare off predators , and if klefki isn’t capable of making threatening noises itself it has to resort to using tools . orangutans have been known to strip leaves from a branch and hold them in front of their mouths before they scream out an alarm ; a very primitive megaphone , and one of the only examples of animals using tools to manipulate sound in our world .
perhaps many wild pokémon have learned to associate human sounds with danger . if they hear the opening of a pokéball , the whir of a chainsaw , or the jingling of keys , wild pokémon know that humans are nearby and they may be in trouble . klefki uses this to its own advantage – by collecting and jingling keys , it can make other pokémon afraid of it .
so back to klefki . we know klefki uses its keys to make noises , but it probably does it for other reasons as well . for example , a klefki with the most keys is probably the loudest and strongest , meaning that it would be more attractive to other klefki in the interest of survival of the fittest . because of this , klefki became the little kleptomaniac that it is . collecting keys became a part of the species’ culture and survival .
for reference , the earliest known lock and keys in our world date back to the ancient egyptians , around 4000 bc . although the first all - metal key is from about 900 ad .
evolution ( of the darwinian variety ) , as you might know , is a very long and slow process . biologists estimate it takes on average one million years for major changes in a species to occur . if klefki did evolve into a keychain with the purpose of collecting keys , the pokémon world must have had keys around for much longer than we have , considering we’ve only had keys for 6000 years . either that , or their evolution happens much more quickly ( which we already knew , anyways ) .
klefki collects keys to makes noises and scare off predators by tricking them into thinking humans are nearby . it evolved to look like a keyring so it could more easily collect keys .