oscar whisky ( 10 february 2005 – 6 december 2014 ) was an irish-bred , british-trained thoroughbred racehorse who competed in national hunt racing .

in his early career he showed promise , winning two national hunt flat races and two novice hurdles .

in the 2010/2011 national hunt season he emerged as one of the leading hurdlers in the british isles , winning the welsh champion hurdle and the aintree hurdle as well as finishing third behind hurricane fly in the champion hurdle .

in the following season he won the relkeel hurdle and a second aintree hurdle .

he won the ascot hurdle and a second relkeel hurdle in 2012/2013 before being moved up to compete in steeplechases in the following season when he won the dipper novices ' chase and the scilly isles novices ' chase .

oscar whisky was fatally injured in a fall at sandown park racecourse on 6 december 2014 .

oscar whisky

whisky magazine issue 31 desert island drams - whisky cons - liqueurs - whisky & cigars .
whisky magazine issue 25 whisky and humour - john glaser - cragganmore - grain whisky tasting .
whisky magazine issue 135 spirit of speyside whisky festival , japanese craft whisky , sedgwick , kentucky peerless .
whisky magazine issue 24 the world of whisky - max shapira - glenfarclas - new world whisky tasting .
whisky magazine issue 37 bill murray - whisky live - bourbon collecting - ice cream - whisky in russia .
oscar whisky defended his crown in a thrilling finish to the john smith ' s aintree hurdle .
whisky magazine issue 144 discovering lexington , on the road to ardnamurchan distillery , the evolution of japanese whisky and whisky adventures .
whisky magazine issue 138 a roundup of canadian whisky and blends , arran and paul john distillery focus plus australian whisky supplement .
whisky magazine issue 30 best whiskies in the world - the whisky academy - pronounciation .
whisky magazine issue 29 james bond - cooley distillery - indian whisky - festival reviews .
whisky magazine issue 20 whisky & literature - glengoyne - vintage malts - canadian tasting .
whisky magazine issue 19 jimmy russell - japanese whisky - illicit distilling - bourbon tasting .
whisky magazine issue 5 guide to tobermory - milroys of soho - whisky and fish .
whisky magazine issue 4 matthew gloag - guide to ardbeg - whisky and smoked salmon .
whisky magazine issue 1 whisky hero arthur bell - laphroaig - cooking with nick nairn .
whisky magazine issue 40 whisky in greece - how whiskey fuelled the blues - speyside festival - whisky and coffee - special japanese tastings .
whisky magazine issue 51 winston and whisky - blended whisky - talisker and teacher ' s turn 175 - glen grant - bourbon in brooklyn - wine finishes - the glasgow whisky scandal .
whisky magazine issue 35 kentucky special - port wood finishes - bowmore - own label whisky .
whisky magazine issue 32 brian cox - whisky down under - silent stills - speyside festival .
whisky magazine issue 14 women and whisky - old pulteney - vintage malts - brown forman .
whisky magazine issue 43 the world ' s best blended whisky - jim mcewans ' s whisky academy - irish whiskey tastings - christmas indulgences .
whisky magazine issue 132 japan whisky in harmony , balblair distillery , beam suntory , tomatin distillery .
whisky magazine issue 114 glencadam distillery , george dickel , three ships , icons of whisky america .
whisky magazine issue 45 whisky and art - young malts - whisky on the web - tullibardine - cardhu - heaven hill - blends vs malts .
whisky magazine issue 34 sean connery - east meets west - irish coffee - whisky and sushi .
whisky magazine issue 33 whisky galore - royal brackla - cocktails - burn stewart - chil filtering .
whisky magazine issue 21 whisky and art - buying a cask - brian morrison - rye tasting .
whisky magazine issue 10 small batch bourbon - the glenlivet - grain whisky - focus on canada .
whisky magazine issue 54 icons of whisky 2006 - islay & jura guide - grain whisky - bourbon ' s future - cask strength higlanders - deanston .
whisky magazine issue 44 celtic cousins - whisky from wales , cornwall and brittany - balblair distillery - blended whisky tasting - chicago bars - amber restaurant .
oscar whisky runs for walters in tomorrow’s jlt novices’ chase , and he said : “he’s in very good form . oscar is my favourite horse , but after this , it could be whisper ! ”
whisky magazine issue 105 usa special edition : kentucky , mount vernon , washington dc , rodeo whisky .
whisky magazine issue 47 celebrating speyside - new island distilleries - best distillery tours - islay festival - whisky and cigar challenge - forty creek - whisky liqueurs .
whisky magazine issue 98 icons of whisky scotland winners unveiled - independent bottlers challenge results - cameronbridge - whisky magazine photographic challenge 2011 and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 48 highland park - whisky cocktails - jack daniel ' s barbecue challenge - happy birthday johnnie walker - bruichladdich - best whisky websites - aberfeldy .
whisky magazine issue 62 macallan oak - cask strength - canadian whisky - pagodas - rankin on rebus - icons of whisky 2007 - ledaig - glen grant - glenmorangie .
whisky magazine issue 46 best of the best - champions of whisky 2005 - icons of whisky - glen gant - adelphi - distillery buy - out two years on .
whisky magazine issue 123 the world of aberfeldy , great southern distillery , knockdhu distillery , icons of whisky america .
whisky magazine issue 86 shackleton ' s whisky - dalwhinnie - new york bars - kilbeggan - cocktails - peat - icons of whisky 2010 and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 125 sláinte to irish whiskey , icons of whisky rest of world , bourbon , travel retail glenmorangie .
oscar whisky , right , clears the last just ahead of manyriverstocross in the scilly isles novice chase at sandown . photograph : alan crowhurst / getty images
whisky magazine issue 127 a focus on speyside , allt - á - bhainne , kentucky visitor centres , golf and whisky .
whisky magazine issue 38 icons of whisky - jerez - new york ' s dale degroff - old whiskies : special tasting .
i think he ' s going to be one of the great oscar hosts .
whisky magazine issue 92 albert watson & the macallan - kyoto - springbank - zen & whisky and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 76 whisky magazine aged 10 years - grain whisky comeback - top 10 lost distilleries - visitors guide to the islands - welsh whisky - top 10 london bars - tastings , blends - lewis , new distillery - and more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 67 premium blends - kittling ridge - 200 whiskies tasted - icons of whisky - whisky and food - vip tours - climate change . . . and more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 50 50 leading whisky quotes - 50 top independently bottled whiskies - 50 great drinking occasions - aberfeldy - bulleit bourbon - the effects of peat - whisky and global warming . .
champion hurdle hero rock on ruby cut out much of the running , but he was unable to stop oscar whisky jumping by him at the second - last .
whisky magazine issue 134 awards special : the best whiskies in the world , icons of whisky global and the hall of fame . .
so sad at the loss of the great oscar whisky in the tingle creek today . brave little horse who always tried his best . condolences to the henderson team .
henderson has the current 4 / 1 favourite oscar whisky and he’s expected to go very close to reversing the cleeve hurdle form with reve de sivola on better ground .
whisky magazine issue 75 global blends - chichibu - buffalo trace - independent bottlers challenge - icons of whisky - awards - yamazaki - yoichi - the balvenie - old forester - whisky kitchen - bourbon festival .
bred in ireland by edmond coleman . he was sired by oscar , a horse who finished second to
whisky magazine issue 101 whisky families , mackmyra , buffalo trace , a drinker ' s guide to london and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 65 rye rebound - blood brothers - teacher ' s - americas whisky heartland - 50 whiskies tasted - barbecues - george dickel - woman in whisky - benromach - bruichladdich - longmorn - tullibardine .
whisky magazine issue 61 american distiller of the year - icons of whisky - buffalo trace exclusive - bar exams - premium bourbon - ballantines .
whisky magazine issue 100 the whisky magazine anniversary issue celebrates 100 years of the greatest whisky people , the 21st century ' s 100 greatest bottles and the 100 greatest distilleries to visit plus much more . . . .
cheltenham festival breeder briefing ; stephanie hanly of grange hill stud , breeder of weatherbys champion bumper entry drumbaloo ( 6yo g flemensfirth - supreme baloo ( supreme leader ) ) and spinal research supreme novices ' hurdle hopeful oscar whisky ( 5yo g oscar - ash baloo ( phardante ) ) .
“oscar whisky was backed off the boards in no time at all . the results then went our way and we’re looking forward to another frenzy of betting on gold cup day . ”
whisky magazine issue 49 kentucky bourbon - glasgow scotland ' s whisky city - a world of whisky tasting from across the globe - how to be nosey - lagavulin - heaven hill - cragganmore - the art of blending - liqueurs .
cheltenham festival breeder briefing ; stephanie hanly of grange hill stud , breeder of weatherbys champion bumper entry drumbaloo ( 6yo g flemensfirth - supreme baloo ( supreme leader ) ) and spinal research supreme novices ' hurdle hopeful oscar whisky ( 5yo g oscar - ash baloo ( phardante ) ) . - free online library
* scored on first two starts over fences , including when outbattling oscar whisky in the steel plate and sections novices’ chase over an extended two and a half miles at cheltenham on november 15 .
oscar producers neil meron and craig zadan say macfarlane represents a powerful draw for the masses , especially the younger masses .
whisky magazine issue 142 the best whiskies in the world 2017 , icons of whisky global winners and the conclusion to this year ' s battle of the blends .
whisky magazine issue 128 crown royal , netherlands , laphroaig , photo challenge 2015 .
whisky magazine issue 113 world whiskies special , tormore distillery , dallas city guide .
whisky magazine issue 107 movies & moonshine - junior johnson - bushmills cask guitars .
whisky magazine issue 41 50 years of maker ' s mark - yamazaki - aged bourbon tasting - fake whisky update - islay walks - paul rankin - scapa .
whisky magazine issue 36 5th birthday issue - monarch of the glen - glenrothes .
whisky magazine issue 28 berlin bars - william teacher - auchentoshan - delme evans .
whisky magazine issue 27 andrew usher - amateur blender - bunnahabhain - speyside tasting .
whisky magazine issue 2 what ' s it worth - macallan - johnnie walker .
oscar whisky ' s owner dai walters said : ' it ' s a dream come true . nicky and his team have got him here and i ' ve got to thank them very much . '
whisky magazine issue 55 abraham lincoln - up in smoke - scotch on the rocks - kentucky visitors ' guide - deanston - islay and jura - the whisky shop .
whisky magazine issue 130 global travel retail , coppersmiths , favourite blends , texas whiskey .
whisky magazine issue 106 independent bottlers ' challenge 2012 - islay - drinkers guide edinburgh .
whisky magazine issue 102 photo challenge 2012 winners revealed - ireland spotlight - bruichladdich distillery .
whisky magazine issue 79 world whiskies awards edition - best whiskies in the world 2009 .
whisky magazine issue 78 icons of whisky 2009 - edradour - bill lumsden - three glens - southern ireland - evan williams - the dalmore & much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 72 the dalmore - forest to flask - the whisky boom - four roses - auchentoshan - glen grant - ancnoc and much more . . . . .
whisky magazine issue 26 independent bottlers - david stewart - buffalo trace - japanese whiskies .
whisky magazine issue 17 richard paterson art of blending - cadenhead - the speyside way .
whisky magazine issue 16 best of the best 2001 - how to taste - glenfiddich .
whisky magazine issue 7 millenuim tasting - economics of wood - dalmore - bourbon uncoverd .
whisky magazine issue 3 irish whiskey - wood ageing - how malt gets its character .
whisky magazine issue 71 best whiskies in the world 2008 - wonderful wood - old bourbon - lost distilleries - travel retail - tastings grain whisky and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 70 icons of whisky 2008 - speyside treasures - silent season - tour de france - ireland guide - littlemill - dalmore - ardmore . . . and more .
another nick henderson trained runner to watch out for over the bigger obstacles this season is oscar whisky , a name that will be all too familiar to most national hunt fans following his impressive career to date over hurdles .
whisky magazine issue 136 photo challenge 2016 winners , whistlepig , scottish visitor centres , tobermory .
whisky magazine issue 131 the hebridean archipelago , dalmunach , four roses , new orleans bars .
whisky magazine issue 94 photo challenge 2010 winners revealed - dr vijay mallya - midleton distillery .
whisky magazine issue 93 four roses - mount vernon - old crow distillery and much more .
whisky magazine issue 83 exclusive - diageo ' s ambitious project - bladnoch - manhattens in manhatten - whisky islands - blair athol - glenrothes - macallan and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 15 spirit of ireland - isle of arran - vintage malts - blackadder .
whisky magazine issue 13 jim mcewan - booker noe - ultimate macallan tasting - aberlour distillery .
whisky magazine issue 11 highland malts tasting - lagavulin - buffalo trace - cigars - fishing .
whisky magazine issue 9 best selling blends - irish special - white horse - wild turkey .
whisky magazine issue 8 wood finish tasting - gordon & mcphail - makers mark - edradour .
whisky magazine issue 139 a visit to japan ' s fuji gotemba distillery , global travel retail special , a tour of us visitor centres , plus icons of whisky rest of world results .
mla style :
cheltenham festival breeder briefing ; stephanie hanly of grange hill stud , breeder of weatherbys champion bumper entry drumbaloo ( 6yo g flemensfirth - supreme baloo ( supreme leader ) ) and spinal research supreme novices ' hurdle hopeful oscar whisky ( 5yo g oscar - ash baloo ( phardante ) ) . .
the free library . 2010 mgn ltd 09 jul . 2018 urltoken
whisky magazine issue 147 tullibardine - gordon & macphail - dalmore - jura - mackmyra - teeling .
whisky magazine issue 129 american whiskey special plus kingbarns , single oak project , edradour and germany .
whisky magazine issue 117 titanic belfast , small batch blends , toronto and maker ' s mark .
whisky magazine issue 104 the macallan , alternative grains , adnams & much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 58 independent bottlers challenge - setting up your own distillery - world of the whisky ambassador - royal lochnagar - guide to ireland - goat fell - distillery ghosts - canadian blends .
whisky magazine issue 6 isaly tasting - travels in speyside & kentucky - talisker - bourbon uncovered .
chicago style : the free library . s . v . cheltenham festival breeder briefing ; stephanie hanly of grange hill stud , breeder of weatherbys champion bumper entry drumbaloo ( 6yo g flemensfirth - supreme baloo ( supreme leader ) ) and spinal research supreme novices ' hurdle hopeful oscar whisky ( 5yo g oscar - ash baloo ( phardante ) ) . .
retrieved jul 09 2018 from urltoken
whisky magazine issue 63 world whiskies awards - the best whiskies in the world - new distilleries - balblair vintages - kentucky visitors guide - whisky and food - port ellen and more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 60 praban na linne - grain production - marmalade - laphroaig - cocktail time - whisky islands - new zealand illicit stills - hokonui - compass box - old pulteney - dewar rattray .
whisky magazine issue 53 on the roll - how malt made social gambling cool - visiting speyside - isle of jura - auchentoshan - george washington - russia ' s whisky elite - lowland malts tasted .
jonjo o’neill said : “he will get a proper gallop in the jlt . obviously , there is not much between oscar whisky and taquin du seuil . oscar would have more pace but taquin is a good horse and , as long as the ground does not dry out too much , he will run well . he is best on soft ground , though i will run him on good ground .
at that point , oscar whisky showed his class to find a way past , despite evident fatigue . henderson said the outing was essential in order to have the horse fit for next month ' s festival , when the jlt chase is the aim .
whisky magazine issue 137 irish whiskey , touring the hebrides and an american whiskey supplement on kentucky bourbon .
whisky magazine issue 124 david beckham interview , battle of the blends , ardbeg distillery , japan focus .
whisky magazine issue 122 is craft an expression of skill , aberlour , flavoured whiskies , glen grant .
whisky magazine issue 39 cask strength islay tasting - longmorn - classic malts cruise - delilah ' s .
whisky magazine issue 12 by royal appointment - jack daniel ' s - highland park - highland malts .
whisky magazine issue 68 lowland perfection - auchentoshan - history of the cork - premium whisky - glenury royal - dewars - makers mark - mash tuns - glenlivet - ben nevis - inverleven - 40 whiskies tasted .
apa style : cheltenham festival breeder briefing ; stephanie hanly of grange hill stud , breeder of weatherbys champion bumper entry drumbaloo ( 6yo g flemensfirth - supreme baloo ( supreme leader ) ) and spinal research supreme novices ' hurdle hopeful oscar whisky ( 5yo g oscar - ash baloo ( phardante ) ) . . ( n . d . ) > the free library . ( 2014 ) . retrieved jul 09 2018 from urltoken
whisky magazine issue 150 world ' s best 2018 - rosebank - music - lot 40 - royal drams .
whisky magazine issue 133 the irish west coast trail , tullibardine distillery , bourbon pot stills , westland distillery .
whisky magazine issue 121 rocky mountain high , mixo - gastro , india drinkers ' guide , four roses .
whisky magazine issue 115 black velvet distillery , travelling in alberta , glen keith distillery and masters of photography .
whisky magazine issue 22 festival previews - collecting - forsyth ' s - caramel - 12 year olds tasting .
whisky magazine issue 120 the flavour of islay and jura , the sazerac trail , london bars guide , bruichladdich .
whisky magazine issue 96 jura - your guide to speyside - sydney bars guide and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 91 music special part - back to the seventies - fettercairn and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 90 music special - ailsa bay - independent bottlers ' challenge and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 64 mixing the magic - cocktails - glengyle comes of age - the glenlivet - 40 whiskies tasted - kilbeggan - duncan taylor - grain whisky - events - music - food and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 82 mull ' s drams - journey ' s blend - lark ' s rise - icons of whisky scotland - 11 page rum special - ardbeg - laphroaig - linkwood bunnahabhain - and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 148 island hopping - ardbeg - tullamore d . e . w - hiram walker - cotswold distillery .
whisky magazine issue 80 jim beam - sir robin knox - johnston - kentucky guide and much more . . . .
“we talked about sending him chasing at the start of this season but he’d have clashed with dai’s other horse oscar whisky in the two and half mile novice races . they would have been taking each other on so we decided to keep this fellow to hurdles but he’ll go chasing next season . ”
whisky magazine issue 149 kingsman - taste of africa - ncn ' ean distillery - clydeside - diageo specials - green spot .
whisky magazine issue 23 iain henderson - ben nevis - eau - de - vie stills - moonshine - vatted malts tasting .
just as he had done 12 months ago , irish raider thousand stars came at oscar whisky hard after the final obstacle but he was once again beaten a neck . it completed a magnificent treble on the day for trainer nicky henderson and jockey barry geraghty following the earlier successes of superstars simonsig and sprinter sacre .
whisky magazine issue 141 explore how copper stills are made , the end our journey down the rockies and a visit to ballindalloch .
whisky magazine issue 88 benromach distillery - incense - sherry casks - win four days at bowmore and much more . . . .
the heavy going here had dried out enough to make it cloying , the most stamina - sapping of surfaces , and oscar whisky did not seem to enjoy jumping out of it . he had just two rivals here but the outsider , manyriverstocross , looked the most likely winner for half a mile to the second - last .
whisky magazine issue 89 woodford reserve - us micro distilleries - glenlivet - win four days at bowmore and much more . . . .
oscar delta , who has finished third in the cga foxhunter chase for the past two years , looked destined to land this year’s race before dramatically unshipping rider jane mangan on the run - in .
* third to hinterland in grade one henry viii novices’ chase at sandown on december 7 and second to oscar whisky in the grade two cheltenham pony club raceday novices’ chase on new year’s day , but back to winning ways with impressive 17 - length success in a two and a half mile grade two event at haydock park on january 18 .
whisky magazine issue 97 usa spotlight : wild turkey , new york , jack daniel ' s and diageo and much more . . . .
walters had hoped the gelding would win the welsh champion hurdle , run at ffos las which he owns , but the gelding had to settle for second beaten a head . today’s victory was , “very nice consolation , ” said walter , adding : “i’ve won the welsh champion hurdle in the past with oscar whisky , so wasn’t too disappointed . ”
henderson takes the view that , for reasons unknown , oscar whisky was unable to produce his best form at last year ' s festival , despite the fact that seven of his stablemates won that week . any horse can run badly once but this one is generally a model of consistency , winning 10 times from 15 starts on a variety of ground .
whisky magazine issue 143 we discover the wadden isles , explore the spirit of collaboration behind glenmorangie ' s latest expression and look at mizunara casks .
whisky magazine issue 81 evan williams - bushmills - highland park - auchentoshan - bowmore - mackmyra - glen scotia and much more . . . .
at the time that effort seemed to answer the question of whether or not oscar whisky has the stamina for three miles , as he travelled well before fading into fifth . but in that case , what to make of his run in january ' s cleeve hurdle on much more testing ground , when he ran on stoutly to be beaten only a neck ?
“i am very happy with my fellow and , last time , there was not much between him and oscar ( three quarters of a length ) at cheltenham and they were some 15 lengths ahead of the third .
walters said : “i’ve won a lot of nice races , but never at the festival . snoopy loopy beat kauto star on one occasion and oscar whisky has won twice at liverpool , but i wanted one here . five years ago my daughter told me , ‘until you have a festival winner you shouldn’t buy any more horses , ’ but i kept on going . ”
whisky magazine issue 146 a tour of toronto , bourbon ' s pompeii , bladnoch distillery and a look back at glenmorangie ' s last 10 years .
whisky magazine issue 140 a journey round islay , visits to maker ' s mark and penderyn , and the conclusion to our trip down the rockies .
whisky magazine issue 77 the macallan - richard paterson - diageo - chieftain ' s - edradour - glenmorangie - smws & much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 56 scotland ' s lowlands - shake it up - china and india - glengoyne - indian food - highlander inn - japanese tastings .
whisky magazine issue 42 state of independence - the macallan new expressions - girvan - bushmills - innovation from laphroaig - widder bar - the wee dram .
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whisky magazine issue 145 a visit to highland park , willie cochrane and claive vidiz interviewed . plus we kick off battle of the blends series three . .
whisky magazine issue 99 charley boorman - drayman ' s distillery - a drinker ' s guide to paris - micro distilling and much more . . . .
rodger sweeney – who also owns the horse – felt last year’s winner was beaten after the pair jumped the last but salsify was left to come home alone after oscar delta jinked and unshipped his pilot when about three lengths clear .
tom o ' neil editor of the oscar blog goldderby . com , says the film academy has long looked in vain to find a host who can provide star quality and reach out to a broader demographic - - from david letterman , to jon stewart , to chris rock (
they were all great comedians , but miscast on the oscar stage ,
says o ' neil ) to 2011 ' s debacle with no - chemistry hosts james franco and anne hathaway .
oscar whisky landed the third grade one of his career at sandown park when slogging to victory in the scilly isles novice chase but made very hard work of it and never really looked like the 1 - 6 shot which punters believed him to be . two firms responded by lengthening his odds for the cheltenham festival , for which he is a top price of 10 - 1 with william hill .
whisky magazine issue 66 how glass affects your taste - rise of small stills - tamnavulin - woodford reserve - jura - ardbeg dinner - michael jackson - bunnahabhain .
7 / 2 second - favourite cue card gave backers brief respite in the ryanair chase but 9 / 4 favourite oscar whisky’s eclipse in the ladbrokes world hurdle and an agonising head defeat for the well - backed super duty in the fulke walwyn kim muir challenge chase saw punters go home with their tails between their legs , especially after carrickboy had earlier won the byrne group plate at 50 / 1 .
when discussing most of his horses , henderson has deplored the heavy going which has been a constant for the past six weeks , but was much more comfortable with oscar whisky being given a thorough test .
with a lot of them , we ' re saying we don ' t want to do this at the moment , the bobs worths , the tents [ my tent or yours ] and others .
henderson is now understood to be prepared to give oscar whisky a try over fences and if he transfers his ability from hurdles to jumps , then he certain is one to watch over the coming months and before he has even left the ground to chance an open ditch on a racecourse , bookmakers make him the 8 / 1 second favourite , behind stablemate , simonsig , to win the arkle at cheltenham 2013 .
we ' re handing the oscar holy torch to the man most people know by his fictitious character stewie ( from family guy ) , who is this diabolical character . it ' s brilliant and it shows just how courageous the oscars are .
macfarlane has tipped his comedic hand by giving some barbs when he announced the academy award nominations in january , and he managed to get the word
erection
into one oscar promotion - - though abc would not allow it on the airwaves .
favourite salsify ( 2 / 1 ) landed his second successive cga foxhunter chase in fortuitous circumstances on the final day of the festival and his trainer conceded that he ‘probably wouldn’t have won’ had oscar delta not unseated rider jane mangan on the run - in .
oscar delta , who had finished third in the past two years , jinked when clear of his rivals and unseated jane mangan , handing victory to 2 / 1 favourite salsify and enabling a trio of british hunters to take a greater slice of the glory .
whisky magazine issue 84 boutique speyside - explore the balvenie - japanese focus - cocktails from new orleans - bunnahabhain - buffalo trace - mackmyra - smws and much more . . . .
lord windermere is a bay gelding with a white blaze and three white socks bred in ireland by edmond coleman . he was sired by oscar , a horse who finished second to peintre celebre in the prix du jockey club before becoming a leading sire of national hunt horses . his other major winners have included big zeb ( queen mother champion chase ) , rock on ruby ( champion hurdle ) , oscar whisky ( aintree hurdle ) , peddlers cross ( baring bingham novices ' hurdle ) , black jack ketchum ( sefton novices ' hurdle ) and at fishers cross ( spa novices ' hurdle ) . [ 2 ] lord windermere ' s name is a reference to the oscar wilde play lady windermere ' s fan . his dam , satellite dancer , showed no signs of racing ability when being well beaten in all three of her races in 1999 . [ 3 ] as a descendant of the broodmare nantua , she was distantly related to the prix de l ' arc de triomphe winner nikellora . [ 4 ]
whisky magazine issue 73 beautiful bourbon - highland park hits 40 - balblair - glenrothes - tobermory - auld reeke - prince charles - caol ila - glenmorangie and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 52 break for the border - whiskey and moonshine - oban distillery - wine finishes - kentucky - improve your tasting skills - glen moray - jimmy barclay - tullamore dew .
whisky magazine issue 69 highland gem - home of anoc - americas youngest distillers - food matching the diageo way - brora - bartenders trip - mackmyra - ginkgo and more . . . . .
whisky magazine issue 74 the ardbeg story - glentauchers - new orlean cocktails - rum special - caol ila - inverleven - mackmyra - the dalmore - benriach - cragganmore - tomatin and much more . . . .
whisky magazine issue 59 the blenders art - kentucky bourbon festival - first look at reopened scapa - whiskey rebellion - the price of malts - 40 whiskies reviewed - milling malts - american ads - glenrothes dinners .
nicky henderson and barry geraghty have enjoyed grade one successes on each of the first two days at this festival and oscar whisky ( 3 . 20 ) gives them an excellent chance of sustaining the run in the build - up to bobs worth in friday ' s gold cup . a major disappointment in last year ' s world hurdle , when he went off at 4 - 1 against big buck ' s , he is available at about the same odds to win the race without that hugely talented rival in opposition .
whisky magazine issue 57 american idols - the legends behind the great brands - the highlands - the sma ' still - speyside history - sir iain noble - cooley - silent stills tasting - gotemba - johnnie walker blue .
pimp your feet ànd your outfit with a unique pair of socks from oscar socks ! dare to mix and match and be bold , be brave , be bright , be free - be you ! the oscar socks be bold gift box contains 4 pairs of oscar socks , each with its own style : - yellow stars : these yellow dots in a dark blue background remind us of the genuine star - studded night sky . purple stripes : while trying to match colors , you can cheat and use a simple trick . match the ones that are close in the spectrum . burgundy and purple operate quite well together . - solid black : black in its deepest variation was chosen to design these socks . to foster singularity , a vivid red logo embraces it . - solid red : this profound red comes with paradox . either it shall give you a lot of confidence or you might wear them out of confidence . oscar socks is a brand of luxury men ' s socks , designed in brussels and made in italy . the socks are made of bamboo fibers , making them very soft and pleasant to wear . a mix of elegance and ' crazy designs ' makes every pair unique . the italian quality and brussels design are the perfect combo . these socks provide comfort without equivalent and shall sublimate your feet .
whisky magazine issue 85 bourbon ' s liquid legend - elmer t . lee on 90 years of the american spirit - a drinker ' s tour of louisville - millstone distillery - the lowlands & much more . . . .
after the show and the glitzy post - show parties , macfarlane says , he ' ll be looking forward to relaxing at his beverly hills home , where he ' s building a library . his idea of a vacation will be hitting growing stacks of unread books by the fire with a cigar , perhaps mulling an oscar success .
the creator and behind - the - scenes force behind popular tv series such as family guy and american dad , as well as this summer ' s raunchy comedy flick ted , hopes he can attract younger viewers to the program . at the same time , he needs to satisfy a theater full of hollywood ' s biggest stars , nervous about their oscar chances .
the seven year old made his first appearance at the cheltenham festival in 2010 where on the back of four wins from four starts prior to the meeting , he could only manage fourth behind menorah in the supreme novices hurdle and 12 months later in 2011 , the son of famous national hunt sire , oscar , finished third behind hurricane fly in the champion hurdle .
he ' s also blessed by a year with vigorous box - office results for the oscar - nominated films , which should secure an engaged audience . but that doesn ' t entirely relieve the tension in these days before the big night . at points during the outdoor interview , macfarlane fears the southern california sun will give his face a distorted sunburn for the show .
published 8 times a year whisky magazine is the perfect complement to the dram in your glass . every issue brings you fascinating articles on the art , science and romance of the ' water of life ' , plus page after page of tasting notes .
nigel twiston - davies said : “double ross has done lots of good stuff at cheltenham . he will go for the jlt novices’ chase rather than the handicaps because there might be some improver lower in the weights . he is more experienced over fences than most of the novices . i think experience over the cheltenham fences is quite important . he has been around there three times this season . oscar whisky does not look as fluent in his jumping . double ross can go on any ground . it is a question of whether he will be good enough . he will take the race to them , being up with the pace . ”
to aid this , he met billy crystal at the nine - time oscar host ' s beverly hills office . crystal was helpful with a list of do ' s and don ' t ' s , ranging from telling macfarlane to get used to his show shoes (
i ' m wearing them to rehearsals now ,
says macfarlane ) to broader topics such as dealing with the stars in the theater .
there also are a lot of people counting on macfarlane to turn the recent tide of declining oscar viewership . though it ' s usually the year ' s second - most - watched show , after the super bowl , its ratings have been all over the map in the past five years : a low of 32 million viewers in 2008 , a high of 41 . 7 million in 2010 and 39 . 3 million last year .
it’s said by whiskey himself that the mikes are all cloned from the same guy , who was already an idiot according to him . oscar mike was apparently made even dumber in the cloning process . seeing the images shown after clearing both their lore challenges shows that they’re not the last of their race as planet mike is full of mike clones and is even mentioned to having a king mike and queen mike…which makes me hope that queen mike is a female clone of some kind . considering good ol’ randy v . said that the backgrounds in some of the llc battleborn lore challenge images are possibly hints at where the story operations will go i’m gonna stick with my gut and say we’re going to planet mike . maybe even meet the original mike
at some us airports , the use of ' delta ' is avoided because it is also the call sign for delta air lines . ' dixie ' seems to be the most common substitute . ' foxtrot ' may be abbreviated as ' fox ' at united states airports . in british police work the use of ' india ' has been replaced by ' indigo ' . sometimes , in the philippines , the word ' hawk ' is used for the letter h rather than ' hotel ' . in indonesia , the word ' lima ' is seldom used since the word ' lima ' means number five ( 5 ) in bahasa indonesia . instead , ' london ' is most often used . many unofficial phonetic alphabets are in use that are not based on the standard , but are based on words the transmitter can easily remember . often , such ad - hoc phonetic alphabets are based on ( mostly ) men ' s names , such as alan , bobby , charlie , david , edward , frederick , george , howard , isaac , james , kevin , larry , michael , nicholas , oscar , peter , quincy , robert , stephen , trevor , ulysses , vincent , william , xavier , yaakov , zebedee , or on a mixture of names and other easily recognisable ( and locally understandable ) proper nouns such as us states , local cities and towns , etc .
it did not start off like this - over time , the phonetic alphabet has evolved . the phonetic alphabet is a system created by the nato allies in the 1950s that would be intelligible and pronounceable to all nato allies in the heat of battle . it has another name - the radiotelephony spelling alphabet . it requires words to be spelled out by their letters ; for example , arm becomes alpha romeo mike , and south becomes sierra oscar uniform tango hotel . all the letters sound different , so there is no confusion over long distances over what people are saying . the reason that any phonetic alphabet is ( or was ) used is because telephone , radio and walkie - talkie communications had the habit of crackling over long distances , blotting out whole words or even sentences . the normal alphabet cannot be used , because some letters , for example p , b , c and d sound similar , and over long distances were indistinguishable , so a new method had to be found . when the code was invented it was also considered that consonants are the most difficult to hear against a noisy background . hence the sequence of vowels in the phonetic code played an important role when the code was invented , so that when you hear a noisy ' - oo - oo ' you know the letter is a z . the vowel - sequence thing works for most ( though not all ) combinations of letters . all of the words are recognisable by native english speakers because english must be used upon request for communication between an aircraft and a control tower whenever two nations are involved , regardless of their native languages . but it is only required internationally , not domestically , thus if both parties to a radio conversation are from the same country , then another phonetic alphabet of that nation ' s choice may be used .
that , however , was not the appropriate response according to his trainer , nicky henderson . asked if punters should be concerned for his cheltenham chance in light of this performance , henderson looked a little shocked and replied :
not at all . not one bit . no . we ' re on schedule .
he ' s a stuffy devil ,
the trainer said .
i mean , that ' s why he had to have a run . he was having a great old heave in here [ the winner ' s enclosure ] . but i know what he ' s like .
[ barry geraghty , his jockey , ] said he was taking blows all the way through the race . i ' m not saying he didn ' t enjoy this but that is hard work .
no way would i run them in that . but you have to keep at this guy . he had to have a run . he wanted the experience , yes , but he also badly needed a race .
henderson ' s title rival , paul nicholls , also had a single winner on this saturday , with saphir du rheu in the welsh champion hurdle . the five - year - old prevailed by a head over henderson ' s whisper despite a 13lb rise for his previous win and nicholls said he would make an excellent reserve for the festival ' s world hurdle .
at the moment , however , nicholls and andy stewart , the horse ' s owner , also have big buck ' s and celestial halo for that race . if both are still on target , saphir du rheu may be diverted to fontwell ' s national spirit next month .
otherwise , the day belonged to venetia williams , who had a treble at sandown and also won the west wales national at ffos las with emperor ' s choice .
i thought , coming here , that they ' d all got their chances but that was fantastic ,
the trainer said .
i ' m absolutely thrilled with them all .
williams has katenko and renard in the grand national , for which entries closed this week . renard is not yet qualified and has six weeks to do so by finishing in the first four in a chase over three miles or further .
the trainer reports that she will make a serious effort to get renard qualified . asked if the two - miler had an appropriate profile for the national , williams smiled and replied simply ,
crisp
, the champion two - miler who finished second to red rum at aintree in 1973 .
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foden receives a big hug from pep as laporte joins in first day of pre - season at city . . . but sane has been given an extra week off despite germany world cup snub
murray ' s back ! british star to make return to wimbledon . . as he agrees to be bbc pundit and commentator
hamilton is a fabulous driver but a sore loser . . . he will regret ' interesting tactics ' jibe at ferrari after british gp
england ' s last world cup semi - final was 28 years ago at italia 90 . . . but how do gazza , lineker and shilton compare to today ' s bunch of stars ?
italia 90 v russia 18 : when england were last in the world cup semi - finals a beer cost £1 . 23 , the nation was gripped by neighbours . . . but world in motion was not no 1 in the charts !
want to see england ' s world cup semi - final with croatia ? fly to moscow ( via rome and riga ) for just £476 . . . but be prepared to pay £560 a ticket and don ' t forget your fan id !
tottenham dominate world cup semi - finals and have more players left in the tournament than the bundesliga . . . but how do the final four break down ?
a yoga session ( and a round of applause for the instructor ) before a trip to the shops . . . behind the scenes with england
the seven - year - old had his stamina limitations exposed when only fifth behind the mighty big buck ' s in the world hurdle at cheltenham last month , but he was strongly supported at 9 - 4 returned to two and a half miles .
favourite zarkandar suffered a heavy fall at the sixth hurdle , but his rider ruby walsh eventually rose to his feet . henderson said : ' it was a complete re - run of last year .
' i do feel sorry for the grey horse ( thousand strides ) - another two strides last year he won it and another two strides he might have had us today .
' we tried him over three miles and he had a hard race in cheltenham . he was quite wobbly after the race and he blatantly didn ' t get it ( the trip ) and he was very tired .
' we needed every day we ' ve had after cheltenham as he came back very tired .
' i just wondered if we had enough time to get him back . the boys have done brilliantly at home . they help me with them so much and it ' s thanks to them .
' to get him back after what happened at cheltenham was tremendous . maybe i ran him in the wrong race there .
' there ' s a possibility he may go over fences ( next season ) . we ' ll have to have a talk about it .
' if it went horribly wrong , he may end up in the champion hurdle . '
geraghty said : ' i was up there with rock on ruby and it had to be a bit of a balancing act with thousand stars nipping at our heels .
' we went a nice gallop . we didn ' t go quick . we went a nice pace . it could have been a crawl . i don ' t think that was going to suit anyone . '
irish champion trainer willie mullins said of thousand stars : ' his run at cheltenham took the edge off him and i ' m delighted with the run .
' he ' s only halfway through his season as we ' ve got punchestown and back to paris to think about . '
harry fry , assistant trainer to paul nicholls who trains rock on ruby at a satellite yard , said : ' he just wants a truly run two - mile race . he ' s jumped ok , but he was there to be shot at in front and was just idling .
' that ' s him finished for the season and it will all be geared around cheltenham ( champion hurdle ) in march .
' we ' ll see if overturn is there to go a good gallop , otherwise we ' ll have to find something else to set a good pace . '
although walsh appeared to be largely unscathed on rising , it was a heavy fall and the british horseracing authority soon announced he would be stood down for the rest of the day , meaning he missed the ride on on his own in the grand national .


mantella baroni ( common names baron 's mantella , variegated golden frog or madagascar poison frog ) is a species of frog in the mantellidae family .

the species was described by george albert boulenger in 1888 , who named it after its collector , richard baron .

it is endemic to madagascar .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , rivers , and degraded former forest .

although it has been classified as least concern species by the iucn due to its relatively wide distribution , it is threatened by habitat loss .

it is listed on cites appendix ii .

mantella baroni

mantella baroni grows to between 0 . 9 and 1 . 2 inches in length .
mantella bernhardi is the smallest mantella , ranging between three - fourths and 1 inch in length .
the “blushing mantella” is sold as a color variety of mantella expectata , but its status still remains unclear .
this beautiful pattern is present on both species though they are not closely related . to tell the two apart , examine their throats . mantella madagascariensis has a sky - blue , horseshoe - shaped marking . mantella baroni has a single dot or solid - black throat . additionally , the red on the limbs of m . madagascariensis extends fully through its thighs , but the color stops at the joint on m . baroni .
mantella laevigata is the only nonterrestrial mantella . its enlarged toe pads enable it to climb into small tree holes and bamboo wells , where they breed .
the island of madagascar is home to more than 220 species of frogs found nowhere else in the world , including the 16 described mantella species . mantella aurantiaca .
mantella ' milotympanum ' is very different in both appearance and behaviour from m . aurantiaca
mantella baroni grows to between 0 . 9 and 1 . 2 inches in length , and a mature m . madagascariensis is between 0 . 8 and 1 . 1 inches . although m . baroni has a large distribution throughout the remaining forests in eastern madagascar , m . madagascariensis has a smaller range and is confined to primary rain forest . both species are often found near streams and exist sympatrically in at least one location . both are rarely bred in captivity , and imports are frequently mixed up together under the all - inclusive common name “painted mantella . ”
mantella baroni was first described by boulenger ( 1888 ) . it is a member of the m . cowani species group ( goodman and benstead 2003 ) . there is a report of hybridization with m . cowani in the wild , at a locality near antoetra ( andreone et al . 2005 ) .
with a range in northern madagascar , mantella nigricans can be found streamside at the forest’s edge .
the largest of the mantellas , mantella viridis can reach up to 1 . 2 inches in length .
one mantella species , m . laevigata , also shares the trait of providing parental care in common with dendrobatids . mantella laevigata females feed infertile eggs to their tadpoles to ensure they get the food they need .
mantella baroni is listed as a species of “least concern” because it occupies a sizeable range , is tolerant to habitat change , and is thought to be present in high population densities . it occurs in several protected areas , including three national parks ( ranomafana , mantadia and andringitra , and the pic ivohibe special reserve ( iucn 2008 ) .
mantella baroni boulenger , 1888 , ann . mag . nat . hist . , ser . 6 , 1 : 106 . holotype : bmnh 1947 . 2 . 7 . 19 ( formerly 84 . 12 . 22 . 50 ) according to vences , glaw , and böhme , 1999 , alytes , 17 : 23 . type locality :
madagascar
.
mantella pulchra is a shy , seldom kept species . it also appears to be tolerant of a wide range of temperatures
mantella baroni is an active diurnal forager ( clark et al . 2005 ) . it consumes a greater number of prey , as well as larger prey , than do other species of mantella ( clark et al . 2006 ) . adult m . baroni consume various arthropods , with ants contributing the largest percentage of the diet ( odierna et al . 2001 ) . ingestion of ants , beetles , and mites creates high alkaloid concentrations in the frog’s skin , making it toxic to predators ( odierna et al . 2001 ) . although ants are the primary prey , the majority of toxins come from mites ( daly et al . 2007 ) . the bright colors of m . baroni are thus aposematic and serve as a warning sign of their toxicity ( clark et al . 2005 ) . the mechanism that the frog uses to sequester these alkaloids is unknown ( clark et al . 2005 ) . alkaloid composition can vary both temporally and geographically in this species ( daly et al . 2007 ; clark et al . 2006 ) .
also confusingly similar in appearance are the two painted mantellas : m . baroni and m . madagascariensis . dorsally , both have elegant lime - green blotches where their limbs attach to their bodies , and these blotches contrast with their black dorsum and striking orange and black legs .
phrynomantis maculatus thominot , 1889 , bull . soc . philomath . , paris , ser . 8 , 1 : 27 . syntypes : mnhnp ( 4 specimens ) according to the original publication ; mnhnp 6807a - d ( 4 specimens ) according to guibé , 1950
1948
, cat . types amph . mus . natl . hist . nat . : 33 . mnhnp 1991 . 2854 ( formerly 6807a ) designated lectotype by glaw and vences , 1994 , fieldguide amph . rept . madagascar , ed . 2 : 403 . type locality :
l ' ile de la réunion
; rendered as
nosy komba ( dubious )
by glaw and vences , 1992 , fieldguide amph . rept . madagascar : 279 . synonymy ( with mantella cowanii ) by guibé , 1964 , senckenb . biol . , 45 : 259 - 264 ; guibé , 1978 , bonn . zool . monogr . , 11 : 83 . synonymy with mantella baroni as by boulenger , 1890 , zool . rec . , 26 : 21 ; ( with mantella baroni as mantella madagascariensis ) glaw and vences , 1994 , fieldguide amph . rept . madagascar , ed . 2 : 403 .
highly desirable for its bright - blue legs and lemon - colored dorsum , mantella expectata has colors that can fade during a simulated rainy season .
see vences , glaw , and böhme , 1999 , alytes , 17 : 3 - 72 , for discussion of confusion surrounding type allocation and nomenclature . removed from the synonymy of mantella cowanii by glaw and vences , 1994 , fieldguide amph . rept . madagascar , ed . 2 : 403 ( as mantella madagascariensis , a nomen dubium ) where it had been placed by methuen and hewitt , 1913 , ann . transvaal mus . , 4 : 57 . in the mantella cowani group according to vences , glaw , and böhme , 1999 , alytes , 17 : 3 - 72 , and glaw and vences , 2006 , organisms divers . evol . , electron . suppl . , 11 ( 1 ) : 2 . staniszewski , 2001 , mantellas : 154 - 158 , provided an account . rabemananjara , chiari , ramilijaona , and vences , 2007 , frontiers zool . , 4 : 1 - 10 , suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that mantella baroni is just a northern color morph of mantella cowanii , but hesitated to formalize the taxonomic change . glaw and vences , 2007 , field guide amph . rept . madagascar , ed . 3 : 194 - 195 , provided an account .
lastly , there’s mantella haraldmeieri . found in the far southeast of madagascar , they live in humid rain forests often along streams . copper - colored hind limbs contrast with the mint - green of their upper forearms and brown body . mantella haraldmeieri measures between 0 . 8 and 1 . 1 inches in length . they are not often seen in captivity .
sadly , 10 of the 16 mantella species are considered threatened with extinction by the world conservation union because of their small distribution and declining populations . habitat destruction is the largest problem facing the genus as agriculture , logging , charcoal production and livestock grazing eat away at the last mantella habitats . collection of frogs for the pet trade has also notably affected these frogs .
22 - 30mm . patterned largely in black with orange or red bands around the limbs . this species is much shyer athan the closely related m . baroni and rarely ventures from the preferred humid , leafy base of the vivarium apart from the odd bold male specimen in search of a female . males are quite vocal , the call being reminiscent of a slower crickets chirrup . breeding is quite a frequent occurrence in captivity with 40 or so eggs being nestled in damp leaves or moss . temperature - wise it prefers slightly higher than that described for the golden mantella although it is quite tolerant of low temperatures as long as there is sufficient cover .
mantella manery differs by having a white frenal stripe and dark - brown body . described in 1999 , only a couple of the frogs have been recorded where they were found in primary forest near a stream .
20 - 25mm . confusion reigns with this species as most were imported as mantella cowanii before 1994 . it is easy to distinguish because its dorsum ( particularly is head ) possesses a silvery brown sheen . the flanks nearly always have lime green or blue patches . it is a plump but extremely agile species and is certainly the most nervy mantella although it often searches for food in open daylight and males are quite bold when excited . i have found that it thrives in conditions similar to the golden mantella although it is more tolerant of warm temperatures . breeding is rather infrequent mainly because females are not easily coaxed into producing eggs .
two other mantella frogs largely brown in color are m . betsileo and m . ebenaui . the two appear nearly identical with russet to copper - colored backs , black flanks and grayish limbs . both grow to about 0 . 8 inches long . it’s not possible to tell them apart based on appearance alone . mantella ebenaui lives in lowland rain forests , tree plantations and human - altered forests in the north of the island . mantella betsileo occurs farther south with few known populations . at this time , all brown mantellas found for sale are normally sold as m . betsileo , but i speculate that many are in fact m . ebenaui .
that was 1996 . it was my introduction to the genus mantella , a fascinating group of frogs endemic to the island of madagascar . with their bright aposematic coloration and diurnal behavior , mantellas have become popular vivarium subjects .
mantellas such as this mantella pulchra , have a tremendous appetite . feed them small crickets , flightless fruit flies , termites , roach nymphs , small spiders , rice - flower beetle larvae , small waxworms and other available invertebrates .
marojezy mantella ( mantella sp . ) to 30mm . from the marojezy mountains in extreme north - east madagascar . discovered in 1993 . it differs mainly in having a white line around the lip , a horseshoe - shaped marking on the throat ( absent in mantella laevigata ) and specialized digits are absent . this species is not known to actively climb ( it is placed here because of its syntopic relationship with the former species and eggs are always deposited on the ground . it particularly inhabits the cool , stony mountain brooks where it is known to feed on small crustaceans that crawl out onto the rocks . i know of someone who feeds this species water shrimp ( asellus ) native to the beds of our own uk brooks . overall it is a slimmer species than the climbing mantella and can attain 32mm . requires a temperature no greater than 74°f . ( preferably cooler ) in captivity due to its high altitude distribution .
one mantella appearing in the pet trade in the recent past is often sold as a color variety of m . expectata or under the common name “blushing mantella . ” these frogs have markings similar to m . expectata , but the yellow of the dorsum is replaced by an orange that fades to deep crimson posteriorly . the legs are also different , not blue but gray and sometimes splashed with the same crimson found on the dorsum . the status of this frog’s species remains unclear .
mantella nigricans has a large range in northern madagascar , but it has only been exported in small numbers and is uncommon in captivity . this frog is a streamside species , living at the forest edge often near water . colored walnut - brown and lime - green , these frogs appear at first glance like an unusually green m . pulchra . mantella nigricans grows to 1 . 1 inches . particularly bold in captivity , males call relentlessly after feeding or misting with a metallic - sounding chirp .
references rabemananjara , f . c . e . , y . chiari , o . ravoahangimalala ramilijaona & m . vences . 2007 . evidence for recent gene flow between north - eastern and south - eastern madagascar from a phylogeography of the mantella cowani group . – frontiers in zoology 4 : article 1 . vences , m . , f . glaw & w . böhme . 1999 . a review of the genus mantella ( anura , ranidae , mantellinae ) : taxonomy , distribution and conservation of malagasy poison frogs . – alytes 17 ( 1 - 2 ) : 3 - 72 .
male m . baroni emit an intense sequence of short , single - click notes , calling during the day from refuges under grass , bushes , and rocks ( glaw and vences 2007 ) . mantelline frogs lack amplexus ( glaw and vences 2007 ) . females lay eggs on land ( clark et al . 2005 ) . the eggs are unpigmented and always found close to water ( clark et al . 2005 ) . females can lay up to 130 eggs in one clutch ( clark et al . 2005 ) . when the eggs develop into tadpoles , the tadpoles are washed away by rain into a nearby body of water ( goodman and benstead 2003 ) .
the only nonterrestrial member of the genus is m . laevigata . with their enlarged toe pads , they can climb to the small tree holes and bamboo wells in which they breed . mantella laevigata can grow to 1 . 1 inches in length . two - tone in pear - green and black , they resemble the closely related m . manery .
15 - 18mm so different in appearance and behaviour to m . aurantiaca that it must merit being raised to specific status . occurring in the fiherenana valley in central east madagascar it requires slightly higher temperatures ( 70°f . minimum ) than the golden mantella . its size makes it the smallest subspecies / species of the mantellas . the dorsum is a slightly drab orange ( males brighter than females ) while the venter is a greenish yellow ( orange yellow in m . aurantiaca ) . this species is overall much slimmer than the golden mantella , the eyes are oblong rather than round and the skin is much more granular . raised veins are apparent on the hind limbs , as its name suggests the eardrum ( tympanum ) is black as is the nostril region and there is a black line apparent from the eye to the nostril . perhaps most significantly is its very nervous disposition and semi - nocturnal behaviour . in addition males are amongst the most vociferous of the mantellas and will call for many hours . i have just had a spawning from the species and the eggs are quite different from the golden mantella possessing a yellowish - brown nucleus and measuring only 1mm in diameter .
the island of madagascar is home to more than 220 species of frogs found nowhere else in the world , including the 16 described mantella species . most live in the eastern tropical forests , but species also inhabit drier regions in the western half of the island . some , such as m . ebenaui , are adaptable and reside in dry woods , rain forests and degraded habitat within their range , but most mantellas are specific to where they live and have small restricted distributions .
the big daddy of mantella frogs is m . viridis . the species can reach 1 . 2 inches and has a stocky , robust body structure . similar to that of m . crocea , its pattern is a solid - green body interrupted by a black face mask . these frogs are restricted to extreme northern madagascar , where they live near seasonal streams in dry forests . in captivity they can take relatively large food items and greedily devour half - inch - long crickets .
one highly prized species is m . expectata . it displays remarkable sky - blue legs and a contrasting lemon - yellow dorsum . these frogs measure between 0 . 8 and 1 inch in length . in captivity , my group displays these attractive colors when kept in drier conditions . when exposed to a simulated rainy season , they fade to a less attractive steel - blue and mustard - yellow . mantella expectata is limited to the dry southwest of madagascar mostly near seasonal streams and rocky canyons .
opposite the striking appearance of m . cowani is the mildly patterned m . bernhardi . mainly black with hints of gray on the head , this is the smallest mantella species . it often only grows to 0 . 7 of an inch in length . it has a unique trill - like call , consisting of several clicks strung together . all other male mantellas produce one or two notes . only a handful of m . bernhardi populations are known to occur in lowland rain forests of southeast madagascar .
of all madagascar’s frogs , mantella aurantiaca is the most recognized . varying in shades of orange and red , they are hardy in captivity when provided with cool conditions , meaning the temperature in their enclosure rarely rises above 75 degrees fahrenheit . they live in several swamp forests in east - central madagascar , and adults measure between 0 . 8 and 1 . 2 inches . at this time they are not exported for the pet trade , but captive - bred frogs are periodically available from breeders and dealers .
a third frog sometimes confused with the two painted mantellas is m . pulchra . although somewhat variable in the wild , most imported frogs of this species look like a messy , faded version of m . madagascariensis with the contrasting orange and black legs replaced by a pattern of browns . brown is also present on the dorsum and usually fades to light tan at the very tip of the head . mantella pulchra measures between 0 . 8 and 1 inch , and it lives in moist forests in northeastern madagascar often near streams or swamps . they have a reputation for being rather shy in captivity , but they gladly come out in the open when offered food .
the most remarkably patterned mantella is m . cowani , which is dressed in black and contrasting neon red , orange or yellow . these frogs reach between 0 . 9 and 1 . 1 inches in length . their eye - catching patterns fueled a demand for the species far greater than its dwindling wild populations could support , and in 2003 all exports were fortunately stopped . habitat destruction also has taken a large toll on m . cowani , and it is now confined to small strips of forest along streams in the central highlands . in captivity , the frog is sensitive to even moderately warm temperatures . some people report frequent exposure to temperatures above 70 degrees can cause heat stress and death . for this reason , m . cowani must be kept in a cool basement or air - conditioned room .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
frost , d . r . 2015 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 6 . 0 . new york , usa . available at : urltoken .
justification : listed as least concern in view of its relatively wide distribution , tolerance of a degree of habitat modification and presumed large population .
this species is broadly distributed in east - central madagascar from fierenana south to andringitra , at 600 - 1 , 400 m asl ( andreone et al . 2007 ) .
it is a terrestrial rainforest species . it has also been found outside forest in slash - and - burn areas , even at considerable distance from forest . it probably cannot tolerate the complete opening up of the habitat . the eggs are laid on land , and the larvae are washed by rain into streams , where they develop .
this species is found in the international pet trade but not at levels that constitute a serious threat .
although somewhat adaptable , deforestation caused by urbanization , agriculture ( including slash and burn agricultural practices ) and logging does affect it adversely . it is in the international pet trade , but this is unlikely to be a serious threat .
species in this genus have tested positive for batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( bd ) , however currently there have been no negative effects observed within amphibian populations in madagascar suggesting the bd strain has a low virulence level ( bletz et al . 2015 ) .
conservation actions this species occurs in the ranomafana , mantadia and andringitra national parks , and in the pic ivohibe special reserve . it is listed on cites appendix ii . conservation needed a carefully regulated trade is the best management option for this species . research needed further research is essential to fully understand the distribution , origin , type and virulence of bd lineages found in madagascar ( bletz et al . 2015 ) .
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is a small frog , with adults measuring 22 - 30 mm in snout - vent length . the head , dorsum , and flanks are solid black . a yellowish rostral stripe is apparent , generally ending past the eye . the front limb and femur are yellow to greenish in appearance , with this coloration continuing up the flanks into a large , rounded flank blotch . these flank blotches will sometimes expand dorsally across the back and connect to the opposite side blotch , resulting in a more yellow dorsum ( this is most often seen in
from the andringitra region ) . hindlimbs ( tibia , tarsus , and foot ) are orange with irregular black stripes . there are no flashmarks on the lower hindlimbs , in contrast to those of
. the venter , throat , and limbs are black and marked with a few yellow to greenish , rarely blue blotches . the throat has one circular marking , but may be all black . the iris is black ( glaw and vences 2007 ) .
this species is found only in east - central madagascar , from fierenana south to andringitra , at an elevation of 600 - 1 , 200m ( iucn 2008 ) .
occupies a number of habitats including swamp forests , semi - arid streambeds , bamboo groves , and streamside forests ( andriantsiferana et al . 2006 ) in the rainforest it is often found close to rivers and streams ( goodman and benstead 2003 ; glaw and vences 2007 ) , but it has also been found in slash - and - burn areas away from rainforest ( iucn 2008 ) .
andriantsiferana , m . , andriamaharavo , n . r . , razafindrabe , c . r . , harisoa , c . , rasendra , p . , garraffo , m . , spande , t . , and daly , j . ( 2006 ) .
boulenger , g . a . ( 1888 ) . ' ' descriptions of new reptiles and batrachians from madagascar . ' '
clark , v . c . , rakotomalala , v . , ramilijaona , o . , abrell , l . , and fisher , b . l . ( 2006 ) . ' ' individual variation in alkaloid content of poison frogs of madagascar (
clark , v . c . , raxworthy , c . j . , rakotomalala , v . , sierwald , p . , and fisher , b . l . ( 2005 ) . ' ' convergent evolution of chemical defense in poison frogs and arthropod prey between madagascar and the neotropics . ' '
daly , j . w . , garraffo , m . , spande , t . f . , giddings , l . , saporito , r . a . , vieites , d . r . , and vences , m . ( 2008 ) . ' ' individual and geographic variation of skin alkaloids in three species of madagascan poison frogs (
goodman , s . m . , and benstead , j . p . ( 2003 ) .
iucn ( 2008 ) . 2008 iucn red list of threatened species . www . iucnredlist . org . downloaded on 11 december 2008 .
odierna , g . , vences , m . , aprea , g . , lötters , s . , and andreone , f . ( 2001 ) . ' ' chromosome data for malagasy poison frogs ( amphibia : ranidae :
nathan van patten ( nathanielmvanpatten at st . bhsu . edu ) , black hills state university
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed jul 9 , 2018 .
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed 9 jul 2018 .
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peering through a small aquarium’s water - stained glass , i spotted what i had saved my allowance for weeks to buy . a tiny frog poked its head out from a pile of moss in the corner and hopped toward the front of the tank chasing an unsuspecting cricket . this beauty was the lone orange frog of several assorted mantellas this local pet store had left . i brought it home and placed it into a heavily planted terrarium . then i sat down in front of the enclosure and eagerly watched as the frog explored its new surroundings .
it’s a thrill to watch a group of them interact . males wrestle each other over territory or call from atop leaf litter in the cage . not only is their captive behavior interesting but also their natural history . get to know these unique amphibians and you , too , will likely become passionate about the poison frogs of madagascar .
mantellas are most active during the wettest time of year : december to february . during this time males call loudly to defend territory , and females feed on ants , mites and other small invertebrates in preparation for breeding .
most species breed near streams . eggs are laid nearby on land , usually in moist depressions . the water from heavy rain then flushes the developing tadpoles into nearby pools of water .
when the rain stops and the cooler dry months follow , mantellas become less active . the severity of this dry season varies in different parts of madagascar . some mantellas , such as m . milotympanum , aestivate in extreme conditions until the weather improves ; others simply become less visible and live among leaf litter on the forest floor waiting for rain to return .
often associated with the similarly small and colorful south american poison frogs of the dendrobatidae family , mantellas also possess poisonous alkaloids in their skin . however , mantellas seem to loose their toxicity in captivity over time . although not very dangerous to humans , contact with the frogs should be avoided .
although they share many things in common with dendrobatids , mantellas are not closely related to them . they are placed within the anuran subfamily mantellinae . their taxonomy seems to constantly be under revision , and it has changed considerably during the past two decades . currently , there are 16 recognized species . many other mantellas appearing different from the described species exist , but work still needs to be done in order to determine their official status .
once thought to be a color variety of m . aurantiaca , m . milotympanum can be distinguished by its smaller size ( usually 0 . 7 to 0 . 9 inches ) , granular skin and black tympanums . the species is only known to occur in several pockets of gallery forest near swamps , and it’s also critically endangered , yet it still sporadically appears in the pet trade . golden and lime - green frogs exist , which otherwise appear identical to m . milotympanum , but await further research .
female m . crocea grow close to an inch in length , but males may mature at only 0 . 7 inches .
closely related to m . milotympanum is m . crocea . colored yellow , khaki - brown or bronze , the frog’s monotone color is broken by a chocolate face mask , and often brown speckling on the dorsum and limbs . female m . crocea grow close to an inch in length , but males may mature at only 0 . 7 inches . these frogs have a tiny distribution , and inhabit forests similar to and near those of m . aurantiaca and m . milotympanum in east - central madagascar . in captivity , they are hardy as long as they are not exposed to temperatures above the mid to high 70s .
once thought to be a color variety of m . aurantiaca , m . milotympanum can be distinguished by its smaller size ( usually 0 . 7 to 0 . 9 inches ) , granular skin and black tympanums .
wild mantellas are particularly sensitive when first acquired , and they usually arrive malnourished and with parasites . for this reason , quarantine newly imported frogs for several weeks or months in simple housing . monitor them carefully , and treat problems with the necessary medication as advised by a veterinarian . after this acclimation period they can be moved to more permanent setups .
although the overwhelming majority of mantellas found for sale are wild - caught , breeding does occur in captivity . talk to people at a local herpetological society and search the internet to locate the captive - bred species you are looking for .
a standard 15 - gallon aquarium lined with an inch of wetted sphagnum moss , a few pieces of cork bark , artificial plants and a small , shallow water bowl are sufficient for a group of six frogs . moist paper towels can be used as an alternative to moss , but it must be changed frequently , sometimes daily , to ensure the frogs’ health . sphagnum moss should be taken out and rinsed periodically , and replace it as needed .
because of these frogs’ territorial behavior , provide sufficient hide spots , so all frogs feel secure . artificial or live plants , pieces of cork bark , crumpled and moist paper towel , driftwood , or film canisters are all good options .
alternatively , living terraria can be created to house mantellas . the bacteria and live plants in these systems help break down waste and minimize the amount of work needed to maintain them . it can be more difficult to monitor mantellas in these complex setups , but the aesthetics of a carefully designed terrarium outweigh this for some people .
a basic terrarium design consists of a drainage layer ( gravel , leca or a false - bottom of some sort ) , followed by nylon mesh . several inches of soil and leaf litter are placed atop the mesh . avoid potting soil because the added chemical fertilizers may irritate or harm mantellas . instead , opt for a pre - mixed soil blend from a pet store or terrarium supply company . tropical plants will grow well in this substrate , but remember to first rinse them thoroughly before placing them in the enclosure to remove pesticides . use driftwood or cork - bark tubes to create dramatic effects and provide the frogs with places to perch .
if live plants are grown within the enclosure , make sure the lighting provided does not overheat the cage .
whether choosing a simple setup or living terrarium , a temperature range between 65 and 75 degrees works well . some species , such as m . aurantiaca , m . cowani and m . crocea , are particularly sensitive to warm temperatures , and they quickly decline in health when exposed to them . others , such as m . expectata and m . laevigata , prefer temperatures several degrees warmer than the aforementioned range . daytime highs can reach nearly 80 degrees .
if live plants are grown within the enclosure , make sure the lighting provided does not overheat the cage . allow the humidity level to remain high most of the time , particularly when temperatures are on the warmer side . achieve this by using glass or plastic wrap to seal sections of a screen cover and misting the cage as needed . some species from drier regions of madagascar , such as m . expectata and m . viridis , may prefer less humid conditions than rain forest species , such as m . madagascariensis or m . nigricans .
mantellas have a tremendous appetite . feed them small crickets , flightless fruit flies , termites , roach nymphs , small spiders , rice - flower beetle larvae , small waxworms and other available invertebrates .
feed the frogs twice a week or in small quantities daily , and offer anywhere from two to 10 food items per frog depending on the kind and size of the feeders , and the frequency with which you feed the frogs . use high - quality vitamin and mineral supplements so the frogs’ nutritional requirements are met . alternately , use a calcium and multivitamin supplement lightly on food during most feedings .
acclimated , healthy mantellas make wonderful captives . their fascinating behavior , and the bright contrasting colors and patterns of many species , make them an ideal candidate for the tropical terrarium . male frogs engage in charming territorial conflicts involving calling and sometimes even physical combat depending on the species . predominately diurnal , they spend much of the day hunting for food and patrolling their territory , and you can easily view this interesting behavior .
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cites is an international agreement between governments , aimed to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival .
* will not find nomina inquirenda ; use basic search ( above ) for that purpose .
will find all uses of
hyl . . .
anywhere in a record : e . g . , hylarana , hyla , hylidae , hylinae , hylaedactyla .
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. . . hyla
anywhere in a record : e . g . , hyla , hylidae , plectrohyla , ptychadena hylaea , adenomera hylaedactyla
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anywhere within a record : e . g . , all members of the lithobates pipiens complex .
please note : these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the american museum of natural history . we are not responsible for their content .
for access to available specimen data for this species , from over 350 scientific collections , go to vertnet .
copyright © 1998 - 2018 , darrel frost and the american museum of natural history . all rights reserved .
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frost , darrel r . 2004 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 3 . 0 ( 22 august , 2004 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa
amphibian species of the world : an online reference v5 . 3 , database ( version 5 . 3 )
frost , darrel r . 2009 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 5 . 3 ( 12 february , 2009 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
eggs are best left in situ until the well - formed tadpoles are ready to hatch out which is usually after the 2 - 6 day mark . mist them regularly to ensure they do not dry out . hatching is a critical time in the development . somehow the eggs need to be submersed in water so that tadpoles can wriggle free . however where eggs are situated in holes or crevice or they are adhered to the underside of rocks or bark they can be difficult to remove manually without crushing the tadpoles themselves . if this is the case either remove the entire log , rock etc . and submerse in water , or remove adult mantellas and begin to fill up the aquarium or glass tray .
this group consist of some of the most beautiful of the mantellas and also some of the most confusing in terms of taxonomy .
21 - 29mm discovered in 1981 in the extreme south - east of the madagascar and is rarely imported into the hobby probably due to the lack of demand . distinguished from the very similar
by the heart - shaped marking on the brownish dorsum . the front limbs also tend to be a whitish - green and the hind - limbs a dull orange . it produces relatively large clutches of 60 or more yellowish - white eggs .
you can e - mail me at : marcstan @ urltoken all rights reserved . all text and photo ' s - copyright ©1996 - 9 marc staniszewski most recent revision : 30 / 09 / 98 back to my personal file


eupithecia perolivata is a moth in the family geometridae .

it is found in peru .

the wingspan is about 22 mm .

the forewings are dull olive luteous , somewhat thinly scaled .

the outer half of the wing from just beyond the large black cell-spot , is of a darker hue than the basal part .

the hindwings are similar to the forewings .

eupithecia perolivata

this is the place for perolivata definition . you find here perolivata meaning , synonyms of perolivata and images for perolivata copyright 2017 © urltoken
eupithecia absinthiata clerck , 1759 = eupithecia coagulata guenée in boisduval and guenée , 1858 .
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word perolivata . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word perolivata and , of course , perolivata synonyms and on the right images related to the word perolivata .
ash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )
eupithecia - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
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to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !
if you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .
please consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
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urophora stylata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus urophora of the family tephritidae .

the host plant for the larvae is usually a thistle of genus cirsium or carduus .

urophora stylata

urophora stylata is a species of gall fly in the genus urophora and is a biocontrol agent of the thistles in genus cirsium or carduus . urophora stylata was released into new zealand to attack thistles . it prefers the scotch thistle cirsium vulgare but occasionally attacks the flower heads of the californian thistle but does not produce a gall .
the u . stylata populations released in bc orginated in the swiss jura and upper rhine valley , germany .
urophora stylata is somewhat smaller than a house fly . the body is light grey in colour with a light brown to yellow scutellum ( located on the back behind the head ) . the wings are clear with each wing having an
iv
marking .
u . stylata have been found at all the initial treated sites and at substantial distances from known release locations . when sites were monitored in 2002 and 2003 many sites had no plants or few plants remaining . rarely have bull thistle infestations been found without u . stylata attack . in one bc study , the average seed reduction was about 60 % . the larvae of both u . stylata and rhinocyllus conicus have been found occupying the same bull thistle seedhead .
female flies lay eggs on developing flower buds . after one week the larvae hatch and burrow into the centre of the seed head and devour the developing seed and induce gall tissue production . galls are an abnormal swelling or deformation of plant tissue caused by insects , mites , microorganisms or injury . the urophora stylata gall feels like a hard walnut - sized stone in the centre of the flower head . the larvae are pale coloured and are 3 to 5 mm long . five to over twenty larvae can be found in each gall .
in 1973 , the first u . stylata releases were made on vancouver island and into the fraser valley . the flies easily established and field collections began shortly after . mass redistribution of the flies continued until 1996 when the demand for bull thistle control appeared to subside . in 2001 there was a renewed interest to redistribute the agent . the last recorded assisted redistribution effort occurred in 2006 .
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a distinctive species with a unique wing pattern . the scutellum and sides of the thorax are a pale creamy colour and the eyes can appear orangey - green .
the female lays her eggs in the flower heads of thistles , usually spear thistle , causing them to swell and damage seeds . they are sometimes used in weed control against thistles .
fairly frequent in the southern half of britain , but very few records from scotland .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
eggs hatch in 5 - 8 days . third instar larvae overwinter in galls and pupate in june . adults live about two months .
contributed by john f . carr on 9 january , 2010 - 3 : 52pm additional contributions by beatriz moisset , v belov last updated 17 august , 2016 - 6 : 45pm
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
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norrbom , a . l . , l . e . carroll , f . c . thompson , i . m . white and a . freidberg / f . c . thompson , ed .
fruit fly expert identification system and systematic information database . myia , vol . 9
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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23 - 06 - 10 , southern limburg , nl last update : 13 . 09 . 10 10 : 03 added by : ben hamers dimensions : 400 x 600 pixels filesize : 49 . 87kb comments : 0 rating : none number of views : 1576
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help again can any1 give me the full title of kulon . allat . kozlem thx
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 02edc26f - 28c8 - 489f - 9978 - 25b3c0f7c5a6
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : cc5bd9c3 - 4416 - 4789 - 8bda - 942f23b9cb3e
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : f1c3084b - 2a56 - 4268 - 89bf - 5d59f6e4394b
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : fb052a98 - c2bd - 4285 - ab1f - 041b400b1881
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7ea6344f - af1c - 4447 - a714 - f616eca109c1
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 320139
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flies , caddisflies , craneflies , damselflies dragonflies , gnats , mayflies . midges , mosquitoes
fly ( red eyed , small ) ) probably in the family : sapromyzidae .
insects ( ants , beetles , bugs , cicadas , cockroaches , centipedes , crickets , grasshoppers , lacewings , ladybirds , mantis , millipedes , scale , shield bugs , stick insects , wetas , weevils , etc . ) .
reptiles ( frogs , geckos , skinks , snakes , lizards , turtles ) .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names a to f with photo .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names g to l with photo .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names m to q with photo .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names r to z with photo .
trees ( new zealand ) hebes and their hybrids & cultivars ( photos ) .
weeds & escapee plants : a to f ( common names with photo ) .
weeds & escapee plants : g to l ( common names with photo ) .
weeds & escapee plants : m to q ( common names and photo ) .
weeds & escapee plants : r to z ( common names with photo ) .
scotch thistle gall fly , bull thistle gall fly , bull thistle seed head gall fly .
galled flower heads , containing developing larvae , are present at the beginning of summer and persists through winter . the presence of larvae in the developing seed head can reduce seed production by up 60 % .
adults emerge from the previous year ' s seed heads in late spring to mid - summer .
photo of a female fly . it notable for its long ovipositor relative to its body size . thanks to wikipedia for text and information : urltoken
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the white , 0 . 7 x 0 . 2mm eggs incubate for 5 - 8 days .
larvae presence in flowerheads causes decreased seed production . the gall formation strains plant nutrients , causing fewer flowerheads and reduces plant vigour . seeds directly above the gall become enlarged and non - viable and most seeds beyond the gall also fail to develop . studies indicate 60 - 90 % of seedheads are attacked , where 90 % of the seed is reduced .
galled heads can be collected from the field from late - august to november . attacked heads are easily detected by their misshapen indentations and when squeezed they are hard , whereas vacant seedheads are soft . redistribute collections on the ground at new locations in the fall , winter or early the following spring . clipped seedheads can also be held overwinter at 4°c , keeping refrigerated galls moist while not allowing them to become moudly . the following spring , the galls can be scattered at the new site , allowing adults to exit and disperse on their own . new colonies can develop from 20 - 50 galled seedheads .
competing rhinocyllus conicus also attacks bull thistle . the beneficial contribution the two make together outweighs competition . no longevity study has been completed .