hypolimnas octocula , the eight-spot butterfly , is a species of eggfly or diadem endemic to several islands and island chains in oceania , including new caledonia , vanuatu and the mariana islands .

it includes the following subspecies : h. o. octocula butler , 1869 h. o. pallas grose-smith h. o. elsina butler h. o. formosa herrich-schäffer h. o. marianensis

hypolimnas octocula

hypolimnas octocula marianensis fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 555
= hypolimnas octocula elsina ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 303
hypolimnas octocula futunaensis samson , 1986 ; tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 , 25 ; tl : s . new hebrides , futuna
hypolimnas octocula tanna samson , 1986 ; tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 , 27 ; tl : s . new hebrides , tanna is .
hypolimnas octocula ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 6 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note )
diadema octocula butler , 1869 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 3 ( 13 ) : 19 ; tl : tologa i . [ totoya ]
all the hypolimnas with the orange hindwing band are nice , hypolimnas pandarus is stunning too .
hypolimnas octocula elsina ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 303 ; [ baur ] , 224 ( text ) ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 , 29
hypolimnas alimena catalai viette , 1950 ; fn . emp . franc . 13 : 87
hypolimnas chapmani ab . fasciata aurivillius , 1894 ; ent . tidskr . 15 : 280
la variation géographique du polymorphisme chez les hypolimnas du continent africain ( lep . nymphalidae )
hypolimnas sumbawana pagenstecher , 1898 ; ent . nachr . 24 : 81 ; tl : sumbawa
hypolimnas deceptor ; [ bow ] : pl . 103 , f . 15 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas dinarcha grandis rothschild , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 344 ; tl : uganda
hypolimnas monteironis major rothschild , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 344 ; tl : uganda
hypolimnas salmacis ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas salmacis magnifica rothschild , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 343 ; tl : uganda
hypolimnas eremita butler , 1883 ; ent . mon . mag . 20 : 56 ; tl : dorey
hypolimnas antilope lutescens ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 304
hypolimnas shortlandica ribbe , 1898 ; dt . ent . z . iris 11 ( 1 ) : 119
hypolimnas dimona fruhstorfer , 1912 ; ent . rundschau 29 ( 1 ) : 5 ; tl : sula
hypolimnas misippus misippus ; [ bmp ] : 165 , pl . 24 , f . 8 - 9
contributions to the lepidoptera ( 2 ) . descriptions of hypolimnas ( nymphalidae ) and charaxes ( charaxidinae )
hypolimnas anthedon ; [ bk ] : 341 , pl . 48 , f . 591 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas dimona ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas macarthuri neidhoefer , 1972 ; occ . pap . milwaukee pub . mus . ( 3 ) : 3
hypolimnas alimena talauta ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas nivas fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 , ( 174 )
hypolimnas anomala stellata ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas antilope phalkes ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas labuana butler , 1879 ; cistula ent . 2 ( 21 ) : 432 ; tl : labuan , borneo
hypolimnas bolina gigas ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas diomea fraterna ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas diomea sororia ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas diomea serica ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas errabunda hopkins , 1927 ; insects of samoa 3 ( fasc . 1 ) : 23 ; tl : samoa
hypolimnas alimena var . heteromorpha röber , 1891 ; tijdschr . ent . 34 : 306 ; tl : key i .
= hypolimnas bolina bolina ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas pithoeka dampierensis rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 204 ; tl : dampier island
hypolimnas pithoeka vulcanica rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 205 ; tl : vulcan island
hypolimnas listeri butler , 1888 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1888 : 542 ; tl : christmas i .
hypolimnas panopion grose - smith , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 2 ) : 350 ; tl : humboldt bay
hypolimnas euploeoides rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 205 ; tl : manus , admiralty islands
hypolimnas salmacis platydema rothschild & jordan , 1903 ; novit . zool . 10 ( 3 ) : 524 ; tl : scheko
hypolimnas alimena ♀ ab . coelia fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 74
hypolimnas alimena manusi rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 205 ; tl : manus , admiralty islands
hypolimnas alimena catalai ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 303 ; [ nhm card ]
hypolimnas bolina pallescens ; fruhstorfer , 1902 , stettin ent . ztg 63 ( 1 ) : 355 ; [ baur ] , 222
hypolimnas dinarcha narchadi suffert , 1904 ; dt . ent . z . iris 17 ( 1 ) : 110 ; tl : acera
hypolimnas mechowi ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 4 ; [ bafr ] , 218 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas pithoeka salomona d ' abrera , 1977 ; butts . aust . region : 219 ; tl : mt . gallego , guadalcanal
hypolimnas angustolimbata weymer , 1892 ; stettin ent . ztg 53 ( 4 - 6 ) : 87 ; tl : e . africa
hypolimnas alimena saturnia fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 74 ; tl : waigiu
hypolimnas alimena afra fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 73 ; tl : kiriwina
hypolimnas antilope arnoldi fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 76 ; tl : sumbawa
hypolimnas antilope mela fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 75 ; tl : kiriwina
hypolimnas bolina enganica fruhstorfer , 1904 ; berl . ent . zs . 49 ( 1 / 2 ) : 193 ; tl : engano
hypolimnas deois divina fruhstorfer , 1903 ; dt . ent . z . iris 16 ( 1 ) : 66 ; tl : new guinea
hypolimnas arakalulk semper , 1906 ; dt . ent . z . iris 18 ( 2 ) : 253 ; tl : karolinen arch .
hypolimnas pandarus junia fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 234 ; tl : wetter
hypolimnas alimena lamina fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 73 ; tl : cape york
hypolimnas anomala ; [ bor ] , 284 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas salmacis var . thomensis aurivillius , 1910 ; ann . mus . stor . nat . genova ( 3 ) 4 / 44 : 510
hypolimnas aurifascia mengel , 1903 ; ent . news 14 ( 6 ) : 167 , pl . 7 ; tl : santo , new hebrides
hypolimnas alimena obsolescens fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 73 ; tl : fergusson i .
hypolimnas antilope wagneri clark , 1946 ; proc . biol . soc . wash . 59 : 119 ; tl : los negros , admiralty is .
hypolimnas deceptor deceptor ; [ bafr ] , 220 ; [ bk ] : 340 , pl . 47 , f . 590 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas deois divina ; fruhstorfer , 1916 , archiv naturg . 81 a ( 11 ) : 66 ( name ) ; [ baur ] , 222
hypolimnas diomea diomea ; [ bor ] , 284 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas pithoeka fumosus joicey & noakes , 1915 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1915 ( 2 ) : 191 ; tl : biak
hypolimnas alada swinhoe , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 16 ( 93 ) : 174 ; tl : hongkong
hypolimnas antevorta ; [ bow ] : pl . 103 , f . 12 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bafr ] , 216 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas palladius grose - smith , 1897 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 175 ; tl : fergusson i .
hypolimnas paleutes grose - smith , 1897 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 176 ; tl : kiriwini , trobriands
hypolimnas pithoeka gretheri clark , 1946 ; proc . biol . soc . wash . 59 : 119 ; tl : lou i . , admiralty is .
hypolimnas alimena eremitana strand , 1914 ; lepid . niepeltiana ( 1 ) : 35 , pl . 8 , f . 14 ; tl : admiralty i .
hypolimnas limbata crowley , 1890 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1890 : 552 , pl . 17 , f . 2 ; tl : madagascar
hypolimnas heteroma swinhoe , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 16 ( 93 ) : 173 ; tl : sarawak , borneo
hypolimnas curiosa swinhoe , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 16 ( 93 ) : 173 ; tl : staru , india
870x597 ( ~ 50kb ) underside male paya , tioman , malaysia , 12 - 96 , photo © s . shuichi haupt hypolimnas sp . det . krushnamegh kunte
hypolimnas alimena alimena ; [ baur ] , 220 ( text ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas antilope antilope ; [ baur ] , 218 ( text ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas deois waigeuensis joicey & talbot , 1917 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 20 ( 117 ) : 218 ; tl : waigeu
hypolimnas monteironis major ; [ bafr ] , 218 ( text ) ; [ bk ] : 342 , pl . 48 , f . 594 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas salmacis magnifica ; [ bafr ] , 216 ( text ) ; [ bk ] : 342 , pl . 48 , f . 595 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas inopinata waterhouse , 1920 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 45 ( 3 ) : 468 ; tl : waidoi , fiji
hypolimnas exiguus samson , 1980 ; tyô to ga 30 ( 3 , 4 ) : 225 , f . 7 ; tl : mapwe ( 200ft ) , santa ana
hypolimnas dexithea ; [ bow ] : pl . 103 , f . 14 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bafr ] , 216 ; [ madl ] ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas discandra weymer , 1885 ; stettin ent . ztg . 46 ( 4 - 6 ) : 264 , pl . 1 , f . 6 ; tl : nias i .
hypolimnas alimena ; [ bow ] : pl . 145 , f . 11 - 12 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
years ago there were two or three hypolimnas species that were difficult to obtain , now it ' s one of the few genera that has become more available rather than less . johnny
hypolimnas bolina bolina ; [ bmp ] : 164 , pl . 24 , f . 10 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas deois ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 2 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note )
hypolimnas pandarus ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 7 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note )
hypolimnas dinarcha ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 1 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bk ] : 341 , pl . 48 , f . 592 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas diomea ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 5 ; [ bor ] , 284 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas usambara ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 8 ; [ bafr ] , 222 ; [ bk ] : 341 , pl . 47 , f . 593 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas anomala anomala ; [ bor ] , 284 ; [ bmp ] : 164 , pl . 24 , f . 6 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas antilope ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 145 , f . 13 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas bolina ; wood - mason & de nicéville , 1881 , j . asiat . soc . bengal 49 pt . ii ( 4 ) : 228 ; fruhstorfer , 1910 , ent . zs . 24 ( 28 ) : 155 , f . 9 - 10 ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 304 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 145 , f . 14 , pl . 146 , f . 1 ; [ bor ] , 284 ; [ bafr ] , 214 ; [ mrs ] , 567 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213 ; [ afrl ]
the exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .
papilio alimena linnaeus , 1764 ; mus . lud . ulr . : 291 ; tl : amboina
larva on pseuderanthemum variable [ baur ] , asystasia gangetica , graptophilum pictum , pseuderanthemum variabile k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 ) , asystasia , graptophyllum , pseuderanthemum , sida , pipturus vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
alimena senia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 545
alimena bandana fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : banda i .
alimena remigia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : obi
alimena eligia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : batjan
alimena diadema fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 545
alimena talauta fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : talaud
diadema polymena c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 414 , pl . 55 , f . 5 - 6 ; tl : aru i .
alimena curicta fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546
alimena libisonia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : new guinea
alimena bateia fruhstorfer , 1915 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 746 ; tl : yule i .
diadema fuliginensis mathew , 1887 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1887 ( 1 ) : 44 , pl . 4 , f . 6 ; tl : ugi , solomon is .
alimena diffusa howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 74 ; tl : bellona i .
alimena libateia howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 73 ; tl : bellona i . [ ? ]
diadema antevorta distant , [ 1880 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1879 ( 4 ) : 703 ; tl : magila , e . africa
mimics amauris niavius , amauris tartarea ( complex ) , amauris echeria . [ bk ]
f . wahlbergi mimics amauris niavius , f . mima amauris echeria . [ pbsa ]
diadema anomala wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 285 ; tl : malacca ; java
larva on pipturus arboresceus [ mrs ] , claoxylon , pipturus , pouzolzia , villebrunea vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
diadema insterstincta butler , 1873 ; cist . ent . 1 ( 7 ) : 157 ; tl : assam
diadema wallaceana butler , 1873 ; cist . ent . 1 ( 7 ) : 157 ; tl :
india ?
anomala euvaristos fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 ; tl : philippines
anomala truentus fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543
anomala stellata ( fruhstorfer , 1912 ) ( hypolimnata ) ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 ; tl : minahassa
larva on pipturus argenteus [ baur ] , asystasia , graptophyllum , pseuderanthemum , oreocnide , pipturus vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
diadema albula wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 287 ; tl : timor
diadema lutescens butler , 1874 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1874 : 283 , pl . 44 , f . 3 ; tl : ovalau , fiji
antilope maglovius fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : buru
antilope typhlis fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : key i . ?
antilope quinctinus fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : obi
antilope sila fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : cerma
diadema scopas godman & salvin , 1888 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 1 ( 2 ) : 98 ; tl : solomon is .
antilope albomela howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 71 ; tl : rennell is .
phalkes fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 ; tl : talaut
india , ceylon , burma , au , s . arabia , madagascar . see [ maps ]
951x624 ( ~ 60kb ) female paya , tioman , malaysia , 12 - 96 , photo © s . shuichi haupt
951x624 ( ~ 52kb ) male paya , tioman , malaysia , 12 - 96 , photo © s . shuichi haupt
769x513 ( ~ 94kb ) underside thailand , krabi 24 . 12 . 2003 - 7 . 1 . 2004 , photo © olli vesikko
748x591 ( ~ 76kb ) female thailand , chon buri province , pattaya , jomtien beach , natural park resort . 25th january 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin
876x1134 ( ~ 163kb ) female thailand , chon buri province , pattaya , jomtien beach , natural park resort . 25th january 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin
740x534 ( ~ 67kb ) female thailand , chon buri province , pattaya , jomtien beach , natural park resort . 25th january 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin
876x915 ( ~ 119kb ) underside male thailand , chon buri province , pattaya environs , ko lan island , ruderal vegeation at a roadside . 15th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin
796x808 ( ~ 181kb ) male thailand , phuket , a bank of a pond at a road 1 km ne of khao sai tan kliang mt . , 18th february 2009 , photo © oleg kosterin
larva on polygonum prostratum , portulaca sp . , alternanthera denticulata , sida rhombifolia , richardia brasiliensis , asystasia gangetica , a . scandens , dipteracanthus spp . , pseuderanthemum variabile , ruellia spp . , synedrella nodiflora k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
larva on asystasia , diptercanthus , justicia , pseuderanthemum , rostellularia , ruelia , systasia , alternanthera , eclipta , synedrella , commelina , ipomoea , merremia , desmodium , phaseolus , vigna , perilla , abutiliion , malvastrum , sida , ficus , polygonum , persicaria , portulaca , richardia , triumfetta , boehmeria , elatostema , fleurya , laportea , pipturus , urtica vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
sumatra , java , lesser sunda is . , w . borneo , sulawesi , salayar , kabaena , galla , banggai , sula , maluku , new guinea , solomon is . , australia , new caledonia
978x1026 ( ~ 252kb ) underside female cambodia , koh kong province , 22 . 5 km of ene koh kong , ' nepenthes ' forest brook . 29th november 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin
1059x1215 ( ~ 314kb ) female cambodia , koh kong province , 22 . 5 km of ene koh kong , ' nepenthes ' forest brook . 29th november 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin
1166x1157 ( ~ 380kb ) underside male cambodia , kep province , kep , kep national park , ' platystylus brook ' below the pond . 6th december 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin
timor - kai , aru , waigeu , west irian - papua , n . australia - e . victoria , bismarck archipelago , solomon is . , new zealand
bolina rarik ( eschscholtz , 1821 ) ; in kotzebue , entdeck . reise süd - see 3 ( app . 5 ) : 203 , pl . 5 , f . 10 ; tl : lifu
bolina kraimoku ( eschscholtz , 1821 ) ; in kotzebue , entdeck . reise süd - see 3 ( app . 5 ) : 203
bolina inconstans butler , 1873 ; cist . ent . 1 ( 7 ) : 164 ; tl : navigator is .
diadema constans butler , 1875 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1875 ( 1 ) : 6 ; tl : tasmania ?
larva on ipomoea aquatica , i . batatus , synedrella nodiflora , sida rhombifolia , ficus microcarpa [ mrs ]
bolina holdeni butler , 1884 ; mem . nat . acad . sci . 2 : 93 ; tl : caroline i .
hypolumnas nerina var . listeri ; butler , 1900 , mon . christmas isl . : 62
diadema pulchra butler , 1874 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1874 : 281 ; tl : new caledonia
papilio jacintha drury , 1773 ; illust . nat . hist . exot . insects 2 : pl . 21 , f . 1 - 2 ( & index )
diadema lassinassa var . gigas oberthür , 1879 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1879 ( 3 ) : 233 ; tl : sanghir i .
larva on fleurya capensis , f . mitis [ pbsa ] , laportea [ bk ]
mimics amauris ochlea [ pbsa ] , amauris niavius , amauris echeria . [ bk ]
diadema tydea c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 415 , pl . 55 , f . 1 - 4
deois obianus fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 555 ; tl : obi
diadema hewitsoni wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 282 ; tl : ké i .
diadema pandarus ; hewitson , 1858 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1858 : 464 , pl . 54 , f . 1 - 2
deois mysolensis talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 161
deois otakwensis talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 162
deois albosignata talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 162 ; tl : rossel i .
deois denticulata talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 163
deois woodlarkiana talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 162 ; tl : woodlark i .
diadema dexithea hewitson , 1863 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1863 : 65 , pl . 11 ; tl : madagascar
larva on elatostema lineolatum vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
diadema fraterna wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 284 ; tl : macassar , celebes
s . america ( north ) , florida , caribbean , africa , australasia , india , ceylon , burma . see [ maps ]
951x624 ( ~ 55kb ) female expo park motobu , okinawa , ryukyus , japan , 8 - 93 , photo © s . shuichi haupt
1224x918 ( ~ 210kb ) upperside male thailand , chon buri province , pattaya environs , ko lan island , ruderal vegeation at a roadside . 15th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin
600x400 ( ~ 41kb ) underside male india : melghat , 5 . 10 . 2008 , photo © kedar tokekar
larva on portulaca oleracea [ bir ] , portulaca , portulaca okracea , abutilon , hibiscus , plantago asiatica , p . major [ mrs ] , asystasia , justicia , blepharis , ruellia , pseuderantheum [ bk ]
larva on portulaca oleracea , asystasia gangetica , pseuderanthemum variabile k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 ) , asystasia , barlesia , blepharis , justicia , pseuderanthemum , ruellia , amaranthus , eleais , batatas , abelmoschus , abutilon , gossypium , hibiscus , ? ficus , plantago , portulaca , talinum , elatostema vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 214
diadema monteironis druce , 1874 ; cistula ent . 1 ( 10 ) : 286 ; tl : old calabar
diadema pandora wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 281 ; tl : buru
pandarus hewitsoni wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 282
diadema unicolor salvin & godman , 1877 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1877 : 144 , pl . 23 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : duke of york i .
pithoeka bradleyi howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 71 ; tl : rennell i .
pithoeka ferruginea howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 73 ; tl : bellona i .
sierra leone - cameroun , gabon , zaire , w . uganda ( bwamba valley )
salmacis insularis schultze , 1920 ; ergeb . 2tn . dt . zent . afrika exp . 1 ( 14 ) : 805 ; tl : fernando po
diadema saundersi wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 282 ; tl : timor
e . kenya ( coastal ) , e . tanzania ( coastal ) . see [ maps ]
usambara ( ward , 1872 ) ( diadema ) ; ent . mon . mag . 9 : 148
diadema ruhama hewitson , 1872 ; ent . mon . mag . 9 : 84 ; tl : angola
hypolymnas [ sic ] poggii dewitz , 1879 ; nova acta leop . carol . ( 2 ) 41 ( 2 ) : 25 , pl . 2 , f . 2 ; tl : guinea
diadema macularia capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxliv ; tl : gabon
checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;
doctoral student ( gilbert labs ) . ; university of texas at austin , ; section of integrative biology , ; 1 university station c 0930 , ; austin , texas 78712 - 0253 . ; office : ( 512 ) 471 - 4506 ; cell : ( 512 ) 577 - 1370 ; fax : ( 512 ) 471 - 3878
butterflies of north america . 2 . scientific names list for butterfly species of north america , north of mexico .
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
results of dr . e . mjöberg ' s swedish scientific expeditions to australia . 1910 - 1913 . 21 . macrolepidoptera
voyage de découvertes de l ' astrolabe exécuté par ordre du roi , pendant les années 1826 - 1827 - 1828 - 1829 , sous le commandément de m . j . dumont d ' urville . faune entomologique de l ' océan pacifique , avec l ' illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage . lépidoptères in d ' urville ,
descriptions of some new species and a new genus of diurnal lepidoptera in the collection of herbert druce esq .
on a collection of lepidoptera obtained by the rev . s . j . whitmee from lifu ( loyalty group ) , with descriptions of new species
the lepidoptera collected during the recent expedition of h . m . s .
challenger .
list of lepidoptera collected by mr . h . o . forbes in the islands of timor laut
on a collection of lepidoptera made by mr . f . v . kirby chiefly portuguese e . africa
the butterflies of the malay peninsula . fourth edition revised by j . n . eliot with plates by bernard d ' abrera
the genera of diurnal lepidoptera , comprising their generic characters , a notice of their habitats and transformations , and a catalogue of the species of each genus ; illustrated with 86 plates by w . c . hewitson
review of australian butterflies : distribution , life history and taxonomy . pushlished by authors , melbourne
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
on a collection of lepidoptera made by he rev . g . brown of duke - of - york island and its neighbourhood
new species of butterflies collected by mr . c . m . woodford in the solomon islands
a list of the butterflies collected by mr . william bonny on the journey with mr . stanley from yambuya on the aruwimi river through the great forest of central africa ; with descriptions of nine new species
descriptions of ten new species of butterflies from the north - west coast of madagascar , captured by mr . j . t . last , in the collection of mr . h . grose smith
from new guinea ( parts i - iii ) - made by mr . w . doherty at humboldt bay , dutch new guinea , and in neighbouring islands , in the museum of the honourable walter rothschild at tring , with descriptions of new species
( 1902 ) , : ( ragadia - argyronympha - hypocysta ) : 1 - 6 , pl . [ 1 ] ( 1895 ) , [ 2 ]
illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson
lepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species
new lepidoptera collected by mr . t . a . barns , in east central africa . new forms of rhopalocera
systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition
des ritters carl von linné königlich schwedischen leib - arztes u . u . vollständiges natursystem nach der zwölften lateinischen ausgabe und nach anleitung des hollän - dischen houttuynischen werks mit einer ausfürlichen erklärung ausgefertigt
some formosan butterflies of new species , new race , new aberrant forms or little known species and forms . [ in japanese ]
on the lepidoptera in the tring museum sent by mr . a . s . meek from the admiralty islands , dampier and vulcan islands
kafferlandets dag - fjärilar , insamlade åren 1838 - 1845 af j . a . wahlberg / lepidoptera rhopalocera in terra caffrorum annis 1838 - 1845 collecta a j . a . wahlberg
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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except where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .
here are links to some excellent images of the eight - spot ' s host plants taken by lauren gutirrez .
this question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions .
no critical habitat rules have been published for the mariana eight - spot butterfly .
- - natureserve explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50 , 000 plants , animals and ecological communtities of the u . s and canada . natureserve explorer provides in - depth information on rare and endangered species , but includes common plants and animals too . natureserve explorer is a product of natureserve in collaboration with the natural heritage network .
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urltoken
javascript is turned off in your web browser . please turn it on to take full advantage of arctos , or try our html specimensearch option .
it seems these are more
available
lately . but i predict it ' s just temporary and will return to being an obscure species impossible to get
glad i got my pair when i did , i think all species from new caledonia will be hard to get in future , montrouzieri , amynthor and the like .
urltoken , a crowd - sourced science project . contribute to science and transcribe butterfly labels while playing a fun game .
japanese have now a permanent contact on taliabu . that ' s why dimona is now offered . with impressive recent delias discoveries ( d . kazueae , d . yagishi ' tai , d . apatela taliabu ) , a local butterfly business is now sustainable . dunc < very true , nc bans the trade of more and more species . . .
saundersii was for sale a few weeks ago from a guy in england on ebay without antenna but apart from that i have never seen it offered , dimona is still too expensive for me .
sold 3 of them in january at 100 € each . . . not so expensive .
sold 3 of them in january at 100 € each . . . not so expensive . wish i had known before i bought the teinopalpus aureus lot from greg , i would have bought a couple .
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aureus butterflies & insects jens jakusch ringstraße 12 54329 konz germany phone . de : 06501 / 8098362 internatonal : + 49 6501 8098362 business hours : mo - fr 11 . 00 - 18 . 00 e - mail : aureus - butterflies @ urltoken


cleridae are a family of beetles of the superfamily cleroidea .

they are commonly known as checkered beetles .

the family cleridae has a worldwide distribution , and a variety of habitats and feeding preferences .

cleridae have a large number of niches and feeding habits .

most genera are predaceous and feed on other beetles and larvae ; however other genera are scavengers or pollen feeders .

clerids have elongated bodies with bristly hairs , are usually bright colored , and have variable antennae .

checkered beetles range in length between 3 millimeters and 24 millimeters .

cleridae can be identified based on their 5 – 5 – 5 tarsal formula , division of sternites , and the absence of a special type of vesicle .

female cleridae lay between 28 – 42 eggs at a time predominately under the bark of trees .

larvae are predaceous and feed vigorously before pupation and subsequently emergence as adults .

clerids have a minor significance in forensic entomology .

some species are occasionally found on carrion in the later dry stages of decay .

also , some species are pests ( stored product entomology ) and are found infesting various food products .

research efforts related to cleridae have focused primarily on using certain species as biological controls .

this is a very effective technique for controlling bark beetles due to the voracious appetite of many clerid species .

cleridae

classification , natural history , phylogeny and subfamily composition of the cleridae and generic content of the subfamilies ( coleoptera , cleridae ) .
1960 . the cleridae of north america . part i . the geographical distribution of cleridae of north america , north of the panama canal .
( leconte ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , with a review of subspecies taxa in the family cleridae . psyche 99 : 199 - 206 .
the checkered beetles ( coleoptera : cleridae ) of the maritime provinces of canada .
as a valid name ( cleridae , tillinae ) . zookeys 299 : 49–75 .
( gorham ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . coleopterists bulletin 25 : 127–129 .
classification , phylogeny and zoogeography of the genus perylipus ( coleoptera : cleridae ) .
( coleoptera : cleridae ) . the canadian entomologist , 40 : 229 - 233 .
the clerid homepage gives information on cleridae and the people who work with these beetles .
gerstmeier , r . ( 1991 ) mimolesterus gen . n . , a new genus of australian cleridae ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , koleopterologische rundschau , 61 , 171–173 .
most species of cleridae are predators as larvae and adults on immature wood boring insects .
de geer , 1775 coleoptera ; cleridae associated with pet food in brazil
pdf .
four new species of cymatodera gray from mexico ( coleoptera , cleridae , tillinae ) .
( coleoptera , cleridae ) in the new world . zookeys 179 : 75 - 157 .
on the cytology of two species of necrobia ( oliv . ) ( coleoptera : cleridae )
a new species of cymatodera gray ( coleoptera : cleridae : tillinae ) from southern mexico .
faunistic composition of cleridae ( coleoptera ) in el limón de cuauchichinola , morelos , mexico .
kuwert ( coleoptera : cleridae : enopliinae ) . canadian entomologist 147 ( 5 ) : 501–526 .
cleridae are a somewhat large family with more than 3 , 000 species known as of 2000 .
adults of cleridae are known as
checkered beetles due to the color pattern on their back .
( coleoptera : cleridae ) . entomologische arbeiten aus dem museum g . frey 23 : 1 - 32 .
gerstmeier , r . ( in press ) an overview on classification , taxonomic history and biology of cleridae ( coleoptera , cleroidea , cleridae ) , giornale italiano di entomologia , 13 ( 59 ) , in press .
photographs of north american cleridae associated with conifers , by b . d . ayres & w . f . barr
from the southwestern united states and northern mexico ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . american museum novitates 1572 : 1–9 .
gahan ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) from the western united states . zootaxa 2168 : 57 - 62 .
( coleoptera : cleridae ) . smithsonian contributions to zoology . 227 : i - iv + 1 - 138 .
( herbst ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . texas tech university special publications no . 11 . 86 p .
( coleoptera : cleridae : hydnocerinae ) . giornale italiano di entomologia 13 ( 59 ) : 471 - 480 .
more from capsule | michele wang . . . view all 8 patterns aspen bingham celyn cleridae hague ilia palmer radmere
coleoptera : cleridae , to pheromones of the spruce beetle and two secondary bark beetles coleoptera : scolytidae
pdf .
a new genus and species of checkered beetle from honduras with additions to the honduran fauna ( coleoptera : cleridae ) .
catalogue of north american beetles of the family cleridae wolcott a . b . 1947 . fieldiana : zoology 32 : 63–105 .
( coleoptera : cleridae : enopliinae ) . folia entomol . mexicana 44 ( supl . 1 ) : 55 - 62 .
herbst ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 106 ( 1 ) : 199 - 201 .
new species of cymatodera gray ( coleoptera : cleridae : tillinae ) from mexico and central america , with notes on others .
gerstmeier , r . ( 2001 ) short communications on systematics of cleridae . 4 . changes within the genera cleromorpha gorham , 1876 and crobenia blackburn , 1891 ( cleridae , clerinae , korynetinae ) , acta coleopterologica , 17 ( 2 ) , 38 .
gahan : predators of chemically protected ladybird beetles ( coleoptera : cleridae and coccinellidae ) . insecta mundi 0514 : 1 - 5 .
taxonomic revision of the genus callimerus gorham s . l . ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . part i . latifrons species - group
wolcott ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 113 ( 2 ) : 137 - 153 .
majka , c . 2006 .
a guide to the cleridae of atlantic canada
. chebucto community net . 03 - 19 .
the checkered beetles ( coleoptera : cleridae ) of the maritime provinces of canada christopher g . majka . 2006 . zootaxa 1385 : 31–46 .
opitz , w . 2007 . classification , natural history , and evolution of epiphloeinae ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . part iv . the genera
opitz , w . 2008 . classification , natural history , and evolution of epiphloeinae ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . part vii . the genera
vaurie , p . 1952 . the checkered beetles of north central mexico ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . american museum novitates 1597 : 1–37 .
cleridae received a peer review by wikipedia editors , which is now archived . it may contain ideas you can use to improve this article .
six new species of cymatodera from mexico and central america and the retention of cymatodera obliquefasciata as a valid name ( cleridae , tillinae ) .
article : taxonomic revision of the genus callimerus gorham s . l . ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . part i . latifrons species - group
barr ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . annales de la société entomologique de france ( n . s . ) , 49 : 1 - 35 .
what made you want to look up cleridae ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
kolibáč , j . ( 2003 ) a review of australian genera of korynetinae ( coleoptera , cleridae ) , entomologica basiliensia , 25 , 41–97 .
( coleoptera , cleridae ) , a larval predator in the nests of bees and wasps . annals of the entomological society of america 36 : 589–601 .
bartlett , j . s . ( 2009b ) taxonomic revision of apteropilo lea , 1908 ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , zootaxa , 2200 , 41–53 .
gorham , h . s . ( 1876 ) notes on the coleopterous family cleridae , with descriptions of new genera and species , cistula entomologica , 57–104 .
schaeffer , c . 1917 . on some north american cleridae . ( col . ) . journal of the new york entomolgical society 26 : 129 - 134 .
details - taxonomic revision of the genus callimerus gorham s . l . ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . part i . latifrons species - group - biodiversity heritage library
the checkered beeltes ( coleoptera : cleridae ) of florida . leavengood , jr . , j . m . 2008 . university of florida , gainesville . 206 pp .
opitz , w . 2010 . new taxa of epiphloeinae kuwert ( cleridae ) and chaetosomatidae crowson ( coleoptera : cleroidea ) . insecta mundi 0123 : 1 - 28 .
wolcott , a . b . 1909 . the cleridae of the public museum of the city of milwaukee . bulletin of the wisconsin natural history society 7 : 93–102 .
wolcott , a . b . 1927 . descriptions of a new genus and four new species of north american cleridae . coleopterological contributions , 1 : 105 - 110 .
dorshorst , j . j . 2006 . a comprehensive survey of the checkered beet ; es of wisconsin ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . m . s . thesis .
we name this beetle for prof . dr . roland gerstmeier ( technische universität münchen , germany ) , in recognition of his many contributions to the study of cleridae .
knull , j . n . 1951 . the checkered beetles of ohio ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . ohio biological survey bulletin 8 ( 42 ) : 268 - 350 .
corporaal , j . b . ( 1950 ) cleridae . coleopterorum catalogus , supplementa pars 23 , uitgeverij dr . w . junk , ' s - gravenhage , 1–373 .
knull , j . n . 1951 . the checkered beetles of ohio ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . ohio biological survey bulletin , 8 ( 42 ) : 268 - 350 .
classification , natural history , phylogeny , and subfamily composition of the cleridae and generic content of the subfamilies opitz w . 2010 . entomologica basiliensia et collections frey 32 : 31–128 .
wolcott , a . b . 1947 . catalogue of north american beetles of the family cleridae . fieldiana : zoology , 32 ( 2 ) : 61 - 105 . full pdf
gerstmeier , r . ( 2002 ) generic concept of clerid taxa related to clerus ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) , entomological problems , 32 ( 2 ) , 99–111 .
solervicens , j . a . ( 2007 ) cladistic analysis of species of natalis laporte ( 1836 ) and related genera eunatalis schenkling ( 1909 ) , metademius schenkling ( 1899 ) and eurymetomorphon pic ( 1950 ) ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) with redescription of a restored clerinae genus ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) , zootaxa , 1389 , 1–14 .
knull , j . n . 1934 . five new species of coleoptera ( cleridae , elateridae , buprestidae and cerambycidae ) . entomological news 45 ( 1 ) : 9 - 13 .
schaeffer , c . 1908 . on new and known coleoptera of the families coccinellidae and cleridae . journal of the new york entomological society , 16 ( 3 ) : 125 - 135
bartlett , j . s . ( 2009c ) a replacement name for phlogistus blackburni hintz , 1908 ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , australian entomologist , 36 ( 3 ) , 97–98 .
( gorham , 1883 ) ( coleoptera : cleridae : hydnocerinae ) , including the first report from the united states . the coleopterists bulletin , 66 ( 4 ) : 351 - 356 .
opitz , w . 2014 . taxonomy of the new world genera of enopliinae ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . journal of the kansas entomological society 87 ( 4 ) : 358 - 384 .
opitz , w . 2017 . classification , natural history , and evolution of the subfamily peloniinae opitz ( coleoptera : cleroidea : cleridae ) . part viii . systematics of the checkered beetle genus
wolcott , a . b . 1910 . notes on some cleridae of middle and north america , with descriptions of new species . fieldiana zoology 7 ( 10 ) : 339 - 401 .
bartlett , j . s . ( 2010 ) a new species of bicoloured eleale newman ( coleoptera : cleridae ) from the northern territory , australian entomologist , 36 ( 4 ) , 183–188 .
opitz , w . ( 2002a ) 73 . cleridae latreille 1804 . in : arnett jr . , r . h . et al . ( eds ) : american beetles . volume 2 .
opitz , w . ( 2010 ) classification , natural history , phylogeny , and subfamily composition of the cleridae and generic content of the subfamilies . entomologica basiliensia et collections frey , 32 , 31–128 .
opitz , w . 1997 . classification , natural history , and evolution of the epiphloeinae ( co1eoptera : cleridae ) . part i . the genera of epiphloeinae . insecta mundi 11 : 51 - 96 .
bartlett , j . s . ( 2009d ) the cleridae of lord howe island , with descriptions of two new species ( coleoptera : cleroidea ) , records of the australian museum 61 , 225–228 . urltoken
opitz , w . ( 2002b ) flower foraging behavior of the australian species eleale aspera ( newman ) ( coleoptera : cleridae : clerinae ) , the coleopterists bulletin , 56 ( 2 ) , 241–245 .
mawdsley , j . r . 2002 .
ecological notes on species of cleridae insecta : coleoptera associated with the prairie flora of central north america
. the great lakes entomologist 35 1 : 1522 .
gerstmeier , r . ( 1990b ) revision of the genus olesterus spinola , 1841 , with description of new species from australia ( coleoptera , cleridae ) , mitteilungen der münchner entomologischen gesellschaft , 80 , 21–38 .
authors ( 2015 ) four new species of cymatodera gray from central and southern mexico ( coleoptera , cleridae , tillinae ) . zookeys 513 : 105–121 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 513 . 9935
gerstmeier , r . ( 1990a ) short communications on systematics of cleridae . 1 . neoscrobiger ephippius ( boisduval , 1835 ) is a trogodendron spinola , 1841 , acta coleopterologica , 6 ( 2 ) , 80 .
schenkling , s . ( 1903 ) coleoptera . malacodermata . fam . cleridae . in : wytsman p . ( ed . ) genera insectorum , fasc . 13 , p . wytsman , bruxelles , 124 pp .
opitz , w . 2010 . classification , natural history , phylogeny , and subfamily composition of the cleridae and generic content of the subfamilies ( coleoptera : cleroidea ) . entomologica basiliensia et collectionis frey , 32 : 31–128 .
opitz , w . 2011 . classification , natural history , and evolution of epiphloeinae ( coleoptera , cleridae ) part x . the genus madoniella pic , 1935 . entomologica basiliensia et collectionis frey 33 : 133 - 248 .
leavengood jr . , j . m . 2008 . the checkered beeltes ( coleoptera : cleridae ) of florida . unpublished thesis for the degree of master of science . university of florida , gainesville . 206 pp . full pdf
leconte , j . l . 1849 . synopsis of the coleopterous insects of the group cleridae , which inhabit the united states . ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 5 : 9 - 35 .
ekis , g . ( 1975 ) taxonomic and nomenclatural status of clerid taxa described by massimiliano spinola ( 1780–1857 ) ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . bollettino del museo di zoologia dell ' università di torino , 1 , 1–80 .
bartlett , j . s . ( 2009a ) scrobiger splendidus ( newman ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) associated with hylaeus sp . ( hymenoptera : colletidae ) in southeastern queensland , australian entomologist , 36 ( 2 ) , 79–83 .
4 . hemp c , hemp a , dettner k . attraction of the colour beetle species pallenothriocera rufimembris by cantharidin ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . entomol gen . 1999 ; 24 ( 1 ) : 115 - 23 . [ links ]
opitz , w . 2011 . classification , natural history , and evolution of korynetinae laporte ( coleoptera : cleridae ) . part i . generic composition of the subfamily and key to genera . journal of afrotropical zoology 7 : 29 - 67 .
a fact from cleridae appeared on wikipedia ' s main page in the did you know ? column on 3 april 2009 ( check views ) . a record of the entry may be seen at wikipedia : recent additions / 2009 / april .
dorshorst , j . j . and d . k . young . 2008 . an annotated checklist of wisconsin checkered beetles ( coleoptera : cleridae and thanerocleridae ) . the great lakes entomologist 41 : 169 - 184 ( publication in 2009 ) .
leavengood jr , j . m . and b . h . garner . 2014 . nomenclatural notes on some checkered beetle ( coleoptera : cleridae ) types of the natural history museum , london ( bmnh ) . zootaxa 3760 : 301 - 335 .
lambkin , t . a . and n . khatoon . 1990 . culture methods for necrobia rufipes ( degeer ) and dermestes maculatus degeer ( coleoptera : cleridae and dermestidae ) . j . stored prod . res . 26 : 59 - 60 .
as a student of woodboring beetles for more than a quarter - century now , i’ve had occasion to encounter a goodly number of checkered beetles ( family cleridae ) – both in the field and as a result of rearing them from dead wood . …
winkler , j . r . ( 1972 ) cleridae ( coleoptera ) of australia : eleale cuprea mjöb . , e . neboissi sp . n . , e . balfourbrownei sp . n . , acta entomologica bohemslovaca , 69 ( 5 ) , 330–338 .
winkler , j . r . ( 1989 ) sedlacekvia tanamica gen . n . , sp . n . , an anomalous new taxon from australia , tentatively assigned to the familiy cleridae ( coleoptera ) , acta univiversitatis carolinae - biologica , 32 , 457–476 .
necrobia rufipes ( degeer ) is a beetle of the family cleridae and is the commonest species of necrobia found on cured fish . two related species , n . ruficollis ( fabricius ) and n violacea ( linnaeus ) , are only rarely found on this commodity .
kolibáč , j . ( 1998 ) notes on the classification of natalis laporte de castelnau and notocymatodera schenkling , with a description of notocymatodera disjuncta sp . n . ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , acta musei moraviae , scientiae biologicae , 82 ( 1997 ) , 191–198 .
hasan , md m . and t . w . phillips . 2010 . mass - rearing of the redlegged ham beetle , necrobia rufipes degeer ( coleoptera : cleridae ) for laboratory research . j . stored prod . res . 46 ( 1 ) : 38 - 42 .
the checkered beetles ( cleridae ) are a diverse and fascinating group of insects . corporaal ( 1950 ) catalogued 3 , 366 described species in the world and opitz ( 2002 ) listed 291 species in north america . of these 15 species are known to occur in atlantic canada .
burke , a . f . , j . m . leavengood , g . zolnerowich . 2015 . a checklist of the new world species of tillinae ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , with an illustrated key to genera and new country records . zootaxa 4059 : 1 - 39 .
there are over 60 insect families which play an important role in carrion ecology . however , only the families ( calliphoridae , sarcophagidae , staphylinidae , cleridae and dermestidae ) of coleoptera ( beetles ) are the most important to be used in forensic entomology [ 4 , 5 ] .
opitz , w . 2014 . classification , natural history , and evolution of the epiphloeinae ( coleoptera : cleridae ) part xi . generic taxonomy , intergeneric phylogeny , and catalogue of the subfamily . acta musei moraviae , scientiae biologicae , special issue 99 ( 2 ) : 1 - 94 .
among checkered beetles ( family cleridae ) , the genus trichodes contains among the largest and most strikingly - colored species . the 11 north american species of this predominantly holarctic genus are primarily western in distribution , although two species ( t . nuttalli and t . apivorus ) do occur in the …
goals / objectives larval and adult checkered beetles ( cleridae ) are one of the most important families of insect predators attacking injurious forest insects . yet , no surveys of the wisconsin or western great lakes region clerid fauna have ever been conducted . i estimate that we currently have published records and information on only half of the species indigenous to the state . thus , the primary objective is to conduct a comprehensive , systematic survey of wisconsin cleridae with special emphasis on species inhabiting wisconsin forests . this will establish a baseline of knowledge regarding species diversity , geographical and temporal distributions , and biology .
ty - jour ti - taxonomic revision of the genus callimerus gorham s . l . ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . part i . latifrons species - group t2 - zookeys vl - 294 ur - urltoken pb - pensoft publishers py - 2013 sp - 9 ep - 35 do - 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 294 . 4669 au - yang , gan - yan au - montreuil , olivier au - yang , xing - ke kw - brachycallimerus kw - callimerus kw - cleridae kw - new species kw - oriental region kw - species group kw - synonymy kw - systematics er -
@ article { bhlpart100097 , title = { taxonomic revision of the genus callimerus gorham s . l . ( coleoptera , cleridae ) . part i . latifrons species - group } , journal = { zookeys } , volume = { 294 } , url = urltoken publisher = { pensoft publishers 2013 } , author = { yang , gan - yan and montreuil , olivier and yang , xing - ke } , year = { 2013 } , pages = { 9 - 35 } , keywords = { brachycallimerus | callimerus | cleridae | new species | oriental region | species group | synonymy | systematics | } , }
the family cleridae is probably better known by its other common name , the checkered beetles . most are predaceous on the larvae of other insects . a small subset of this group , however , prefers to feed on flesh . entomologists sometimes refer to these clerids as bone beetles or ham beetles . one species in particular ,
beetles ( coleoptera ) have been recognised as providing significant entomological evidence in the medico - legal field , particularly with reference to dry human skeletal remains in the later stages of decomposition . the dermestidae ( skin beetles ) and cleridae ( bone beetles ) have been found as the most common types infesting exposed human remains and providing evidence in estimating the minimum postmortem interval ( pmi ) .
overall , great article . one minor error that i found was a capitalization mistake . on your general characteristics section ,
characteristics
should not be capitalied . also , on the picture demonstrating the narrow pronotum , maybe adding
of cleridae
or naming the genus / specie in the picture would be a nice touch . - - skk1214aggie ( talk ) 23 : 38 , 14 april 2009 ( utc ) skk1214aggie
a total of 414 insects in 5 families of three orders : diptera ( muscidae , bombyliidae , syphiidae ) ; coleopteran ( cleridae ) and hemiptera ( reduviidae ) were collected from the forest genet . m . domestica was dominant ( 78 % ) ( table 3 ) . m . domestica was collected daily throughout the 25 - day period , from the display of fresh carcass to complete skeletonization ; the appearance of other species was discontinuous ( fig 3 ) .
i am truly impressed with this article ; every section is very descriptive and informational . in your general characteristics section , i like the way you all differentiated between the appearance of cleridae and ways to identify them . the identification paragraph was very distinct and straight to the point . i also noticed how you intertwined appearance in the development section
the larvae are covered in hair and have two horn - type projections on the dorsal area of the last body segment
good work because although you already discussed appearance , you still kept the topic flowing throughout the article . one suggestion i have is to try and find a picture for the forensic relevance section of your article such as a cleridae feeding on carrion or on stored products . there is a wide variety pictures on your page so keep up the good work . this is a great article . cassiegz ( talk ) 16 : 11 , 15 april 2009 ( utc )
this new state survy project began in october 2003 . while much of the research will have a field focus , research prior to the first field season ( spring / summer 2004 ) centers on conducting background searchs for checkered beetles ( cleridae ) in existing collections , as well as accumulation of pertinent research literature . we have also begum to electronically database specimens in existing collections ( primarily from the university of wisconsin insect research collection ) . to date , 1 , 415 specimens have been entered .
the checkered beetles ( cleridae ) are small to medium - sized , elongated , often brightly colored species . worldwide about 3600 species have been described from virtually all biogeographical realms , in central europe and germany 20 species are known to occur . numerous species are visitors of flowers and feed on other insects , but also pollen . other representatives of the family live on trees and under the bark and prey mainly on bark beetles and their larvae . some species are scavengers , feeding on dry carrion and animal products ( dried and smoked meat , hides , bones ) and can become pests . the larvae are predaceous as well .
larva - appearance as in figure 1 ( right ) . typical beetle larva with three pairs of jointed legs ; moderately hairy . most of body creamish - grey with mottled violet - grey markings on the upper surface . head , and upper surfaces of the 1st thoracic segment and the last large abdominal segment ( the ninth ) , with brown hardened plates ; 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments also with tiny brownish plates . plate on last large abdominal segment with two horn - like protuberances which curve strongly upwards . very difficult to distinguish from closely - related species of cleridae , but easily distinguished from dermestes larvae by coloration and normal amount of hairs , and from fly larvae by presence of legs and obvious head .
first of all , you did a good job covering this broad topic . my group had to cover genus chrysomya , so i know how difficult it is to include everything . one thing i will suggest is although you listed the subfamilies of the genus , maybe focus on one or two of the important species and mention them more in depth . just an idea . other than that , you had a very good description of the different habitats that cleridae inhabits . i also was very impressed with the way you split up the forensic importance by stored product and medico - legal entomology . overall , this article was very educational and very easy to read . well done . msrubar ( talk ) 02 : 40 , 7 april 2009 ( utc ) msrubar
great job on the article ! cleridae had a lot of information to cover and overall it is very thorough . i feel like this webpage does a great job in touching every topic . a few small suggestions for the webpage would be to link the word
antennae
in the intro and
bark beetle
in the geography and distribution section . also , there were a few grammatical errors found in the geography and distribution section . when you talk about
nest robbers category lives in shrubbery and trees . .
and also
feed only on dead . . .
. these changes are simple and easy but will make a huge difference on your page . again , good job on the page ! amanda . turchi ( talk ) 18 : 53 , 15 april 2009 ( utc )
five doses of lanierone ( 2 - hydroxy - 4 , 4 , 6 - trimethyl - 2 , 5 - cyclohexadien - 1 - one ) were tested with one dose of enantiomerically pure [ 99 . 4 % ( 4 r ) - ( − ) ] ipsdienol ( 2 - methyl - 6 - methylene - 2 , 7 - octadien - 4 - ol ) for activity as an aggregation pheromone of ips pini ( say ) in california . the response of i . pini to 1 mg / day ipsdienol + 20 μg / day lanierone was significantly greater than the response to ipsdienol alone , but the response pattern did not demonstrate a clear dose - response relationship . the response to the highest dose of lanierone ( 2 mg / day ) was significantly lower than the response to ipsdienol alone . ipsdienol attracted significantly more i . pini than a male - infested log . lanierone did not alter the percentage of male i . pini responding to ipsdienol alone . neither sex of i . pini or dendroctonus brevicomis leconte from california produced detectable amounts of lanierone , but myrcene - aerated male d . brevicomis produced 97 . 8 % - ( 4s ) - ( + ) - ipsdienol . the black - bellied clerid , enoclerus lecontei ( wolcott ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) was attracted to lanierone when released with ipsdienol . neither compound was attractive when released alone , proving synergism for the kairomone of this predator . lanierone did not influence the response of the predators temnochila chlorodia ( mannerheim ) ( coleoptera : trogositidae ) and enoclerus sphegeus ( f . ) ( coleoptera : cleridae ) , which were attracted to all treatments containing ipsdienol . tomicobia tibialis ashmead ( hymenoptera : pteromalidae ) responded in significantly greater numbers to the male - infested log than it did to ipsdienol or ipsdienol + 20 μg / day lanierone .
this second edition is completey updated compared to the first edition published in 2000 . this new guide to phytophagous beetles of europe is devoted to the families buprestidae , elateridae , cleridae and cerambycidae . a host of species are described and illustrated , to help you recognise and identify almost all the jewel beetle and longhorn species you might encounter in europe , ranging from portugal and great britain to finland and the balkans . these include species quite recently described . phytophagous beetles of europe , volume 1 is packed with new information and discoveries , enriching the entries on the biology in general and the ethology and ecology of each species in particular , allowing for the many additional host - plants found over the past few years . distribution maps , drawn up in line with the most recent publications , feature alongside the descriptions . the new classification adopted is from the catalogue of palaearctic coleoptera , by löbl and smetana , published from 2003 to 2013 , now used by all entomologists . this resolves many of the problems that stem from working with synonymies .
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a total of 281 insects in four families of 2 orders : diptera ( muscidae , syrphidae , calliphoridae ) and hymenoptera ( adidae ) , and 2 ixodids were collected from the mona monkey , cercipithecus mona . the major species was the house fly , musca domestica ( 72 % ) . the entomofauna from the giant cane rat , thyronomys swinderianus carcass , totalled 257 in 3 families of 2 orders : diptera ( muscidae , syrphidae ) and hymenoptera ( formicidae ) . the dominant species was m . domestica ( 76 % ) . the highest insect population was 414 , recorded from the carcass of the forest genet , genetta poensis ; it consisted of 5 families in 3 orders : diptera ( muscidae , bombyliidae , syrphidae ) , coleoptera ( cleridae ) and hemiptera ( reduviidae ) . the order diptera was dominant on all carcasses and the most prominent dipteran m . domestica was collected continuously , while the appearance of the other species was sporadic . complete decomposition period was shortest ( 11 days ) in the giant cane rat and longest ( 44 days ) in the forest genet ; the period in the mona monkey was 14 days . successional occurrence of these arthropods was not discernible . these results are compared to those from other studies .
cantharidin has never been detected in plants , but the first crc , palasonin ( demethylcantharidin ) , which lacks one of the angular methyl groups of cantharidin , was characterized in 1960 ( 25 ) . it was initially isolated from the seeds of the indian tree , butea frondosa ( leguminoseae ) ( 26 ) . fietz was the first to detect palasonin in bodily extracts from a blister beetle ( hycleus lunatus ) and a clerid beetle ( trichodes apiaries , cleridae ) ( 27 ) . dettner et al . ( 21 ) reported the second crc , palasoninimide , from the south african species h . lunatus . cantharimides , whose anhydride oxygen atoms are replaced by basic amino acids , and cantharimide dimers , which consist of two cantharimide units combined with a tri - , tetra - , or penta - methylene group , have been reported in the chinese meloid mylabris phalerata pall . ( 28 , 29 ) . a low amount of cantharidinimide was found in bodily extracts from mylabris impressa stillata ( 20 ) . variable titers of palasonin were recently detected in two other southern african species , hycleus oculatus and hycleus tinctus ( 23 ) . although there are a few studies on palasonin , the crcs ' function , concentration , transfer or production site have never been discussed . the impact of sex or mating status on the diversity and frequency of such compounds was also unclear .
the wisconsin beetle diversity project continues with 20 families now extensively surveyed : ischaliidae ( 1 species ; 1985 ) , bolboceratidae ( 7 species , 2000 ) , ceratocanthidae ( 1 species , 2000 ) , geotrupidae ( 6 species , 2000 ) , glaresidae ( 1 species , 2000 ) , lucanidae ( 7 species , 2000 ) , ochodaeidae ( 1 species , 2000 ) , passalidae ( 1 species , 2000 ) , scarabaeidae ( 139 species , 2000 ; 140 species , 2006 ) , trogidae ( 14 species , 2000 ) , tenebrionidae ( 90 species , 2001 ) , endomychidae ( 9 species , 2002 ) , histeridae ( 95 species , 2002 ) , lycidae ( 22 species , 2002 ) , rhipiceridae ( 1 species , 2002 ) , kateretidae ( 4 species , 2003 ) , nitidulidae ( 78 species , 2003 ) , mordellidae ( 68 species , 2003 ) , cleridae ( 30 species , 2006 ) , cerambycidae ( lamiinae ) ( 78 species , 2006 ) . ongoing surveys include cupedidae , micromalthidae , anobiidae , meloidae , and pyrochroidae . a survey of the wasp familiy mutillidae is complete for wisconsin and should be published in 2007 . a new project on bog - endemic butterflies will being in 2007 , as well . ongoing intensive , long - term insect field sampling projects continue at hemlock draw ( sauk co . ) and qunicy bluff ( adams co . ) .
understanding the composition of the insect / arthropod fauna of wisconsin is central , and critical , to our understanding of how to manage wisconsin ' s natural and forest / agricultural lands . surveys supported in part by the sampling component initiate that task , but it comes of age only when the specimens have been processed , curated , identified , and when the associated data have been databased , published , and posted to our departmental ( wirc ) web page . here the information becomes available to other entomologists , ecologists , agriculture specialists , foresters , and the public for inspection and analysis . a particular emphasis has been the development of electronic storage of specimen data . to date , we have databased more than 60 , 000 specimens . we have now begun to increase image and web - based support for these data as well as linking the data to other web - based data ( vegetation , physiography , climate , etc . ) and worldwide data distribution sites ( e . g . , morphbank , genbank , itis , etc . ) . three new research papers ( a wisconsin cantharid beetle & parasitoid , cleridae of wisconsin , and a new species of ptinidae ) were in press / published in 2009 . several web sites for species of wisconsin beetle families are now published or under development . two additional manuscripts ( ptinidae of wisconsin ; mutillidae of wisconsin ) are being prepared at the time of this report .
understanding the composition of the insect / arthropod fauna of wisconsin is central , and critical , to our understanding of how to manage wisconsin ' s natural and forest / agricultural lands . surveys supported in part by the sampling component initiate that task , but it comes of age only when the specimens have been processed , curated , identified , and when the associated data have been databased , published , and posted to our departmental ( irc ) web page . here the information becomes available to other entomologists , ecologists , agriculture specialists , foresters , and the public for inspection and analysis . a particular emphasis has been the development of electronic storage of specimen data . to date we have databased more than 30 , 000 specimens . we have now begun to increase image and web - based support for these data as well as linking the data to other web - based data ( vegetation , physiography , climate , etc . ) and worldwide data distribution sites ( e . g . , morphbank , genbank , itis , etc . ) . one new manuscript has been submitted ( endomychidae of wisconsin ) and an associated website is nearing completion , along with the development of several additional web sites for species of wisconsin beetle families . two additional manuscripts ( cleridae of wisconsin ; mutillidae of wisconsin ) are being prepared at the time of this report ; both are expected to be submitted in the first few months of 2008 .
i enjoyed reading this article . it was presented in an easily understandable way especially for such a broad topic . just a few thoughts for enhancement . first , a link for the word elytra is already present on its first usage so you don ' t need the quick parenthesis explanation after it . second , i noticed a link is not available for
eversible vesicles
so you put a quick parenthesis explanation after using it . however , i think it would be better to put the explanation after the first usage at the top of the article and not after the second usage that is mid - way into the article so the reader can know immediately what you are talking about . thirdly , the sentence
mostly the antennae are clubbed at the tip . . .
could use a little revision . it could sound more professional if the sentence went like
the antennae are mostly clubbed at the tip . . .
,
the antennae are clubbed at the tip for most species . . .
, or
the antennae are clubbed mostly at the tip . . .
. use whichever one more correctly conveys what you want to say . and finally , the sentence
cleridae can be found in the americas , africa , europe , the middle east and even australia .
needs a comma after australia . overall , a great article . loved the pictures ! jkski23 ( talk ) 13 : 34 , 15 april 2009 ( utc )
understanding the composition of the insect / arthropod fauna of wisconsin is central , and critical , to our understanding of how to manage wisconsin ' s natural and forest / agricultural lands . surveys supported in part by the sampling component initiate that task , but it comes of age only when the specimens have been processed , curated , identified , and when the associated data have been databased , published , and posted to our departmental ( ircw ) web page . here the information becomes available to other entomologists , ecologists , agriculture specialists , foresters , and the public for inspection and analysis . a particular emphasis has been the development of electronic storage of specimen data . to date we have databased more than 35 , 000 specimens . we have now begun to increase image and web - based support for these data as well as linking the data to other web - based data ( vegetation , physiography , climate , etc . ) and worldwide data distribution sites ( e . g . , morphbank , genbank , itis , etc . ) . one new research paper ( endomychidae of wisconsin ) was published in 2008 ; the associated website is now on - line . several additional web sites for species of wisconsin beetle families are now published or under development . three additional manuscripts ( cleridae of wisconsin ; mutillidae of wisconsin ; a wisconsin cantharid beetle ) are being prepared at the time of this report ; one has been submitted and accepted for publication ; the other two should be submitted in 2009 .
to date , several families forming part of the wisconsin beetle diversity have been extensively surveyed . in 1985 , the family ischaliidae ( 1 species ) was discovered in wisconsin for the first time from specimens collected in sauk co . a number of county records now exist for the species / family in wisconsin . suveys were completed for the scarabaeid beetles and their relatives ( scarabaeoidea ) in 2000 . prior to this study , 120 species had been recorded for wisconsin ; our survey increased the number by 49 % to 150 species . the darkling beetle ( tenebrionidae ) survey was completed in 2001 with a 150 % increase [ 36 - prior , to 90 species following our survey ] . in 2002 , the families endomychidae [ 1 - prior , to 9 species following our survey - 800 % increase ] , histeridae [ 21 - prior , to 95 species following our survey - 352 % increase ] , lycidae [ 4 - prior , to 22 species following our survey - 450 % increase ] , and rhipiceridae [ 0 - prior , to 1 species following our survey - 100 % increase ] were completed . in 2003 , the families kateretidae [ 2 - prior , to 4 species following our survey - 100 % increase ] , nitidulidae [ 36 - prior , to 78 species following our survey - 117 % increase ] , and mordellidae [ 5 - prior , to 68 species following our survey - 1260 % increase ] were completed . ongoing surveys continue for cleridae , cerambycidae ( lamiinae ) , and pyrochroidae , while new state surveys have been initiated for meloidae and anobiidae ( first field season in 2006 ) .
estimating the pre - appearance interval ( pai ) of carrion insects from temperature is a new and promising improvement of entomological methods for post - mortem interval estimation . in order to use this approach in casework , a taxon should demonstrate a close relationship between pai and temperature . in this article we test this relationship in selected species of beetles , namely thanatophilus sinuatus fabr . , t . rugosus l . , necrodes littoralis l . ( silphidae ) , necrobia rufipes de geer , n . violacea l . ( cleridae ) , dermestes frischii kug . ( dermestidae ) , creophilus maxillosus l . , philonthus politus l . , ontholestes murinus l . ( staphylinidae ) , saprinus semistriatus scriba , s . planiusculus motch . and margarinotus brunneus fabr . ( histeridae ) . data were collected from 30 pig carcasses decomposing under different temperature conditions in open and forest habitats of western poland . beetles were sampled with pitfall traps and with manual and soil sampling . the on - site temperature of the ground level was recorded . the relationship was tested separately in adult and larval stages . all species , except for d . frischii , revealed significant relationship between pai and temperature . in all cases pai was found to decrease exponentially with an increase in temperature . moreover , above some temperature it was nearly constant . the relationship was strong in the case of adult and larval n . littoralis , adult n . rufipes , adult and larval c . maxillosus , adult p . politus , s . semistriatus and s . planiusculus . the relationship of moderate strength was found for adult and larval t . sinuatus , adult n . violacea and adult m . brunneus . in the case of adult t . rugosus and o . murinus the relationship was weak . current results demonstrate that there are solid premises for estimating pai from temperature in t . sinuatus , n . littoralis , n . rufipes , n . violacea , c . maxillosus , p . politus , s . semistriatus , s . planiusculus and m . brunneus . implications for forensic entomology are discussed .
) are important predators of various lignicolous insects , particularly bark beetles ( scolytidae ) . adults can often be found on the surface of fallen limbs and trees which are infested with various kinds of saproxylic invertebrates and both adults and larvae are voracious predators of these . they run swiftly and are able to fly readily and in some contexts are thought to have an important economic role in regulating the populations of such insects .
) are found on herbaceous vegetation . the larvae often feed on gall insects and the adults are predaceous on various insects found on flowers and vegetation . the larvae of
are predators and / or parasites of grasshoppers or bees and wasps ( where they feed on pollen and / or invertebrate contents of nest cells ) . species in the genus
are saprophytic and predaceous and are found on bones , dead skin and , carrion of fish and another animals . the bionomics of the family are diverse and clerids are found in a variety of ecological situations .
4 . 5 - 6 . 5 mm . note the bright red color of the elytra and lack of patterning which distinguishes this species from all other clerids in this region . they have open procoxal cavities and no lateral ridge on the pronotum . this species is predatory on various sub - cortical and wood - boring insects , particularly scolytines and are typically found in coniferous forests . there are records from prince edward island , nova scotia , and new brunswick .
5 . 5 - 10 . 0 mm . this species is almost entirely black except for the basal and apical margins of the prontum , the legs , labrum , palpi , and basal two antennomeres which are reddish - yellow . this coloration distinguishes this species from all others in the region . the apical antennomere is only slightly longer than the penultimate . opitz ( 2002 ) reports that adults feed on larvae of cynipoid wasps and other gall insects , fruit tree caterpillars , and larvae of various wood - boring beetles . there is one record from nova scotia .
are distinguished from related genera by having a broad basal tooth on the tarsal claws . the eyes are only feebly emarginate . this species is almost entirely bluish black in colouration except for the humeral angles which are reddish and the antennae , mouthparts and ( sometimes ) the anterior legs which are yellowish . the color form
leconte is entirely dark . note the expanded margins of the pronotum which form a lateral tubercle . opitz ( 2002 ) reports that they have been reared from in sect galls and are known to prey on small wood borers , immature weevils , and larvae of hymenoptera . they are typically found on the leaves and flowers of various flowering herbaceous plants . in atlantic canada the species is recorded from new brunswick , nova scotia , and prince edward island .
by having a short elytra that does not completely cover the abdomen . note the coloration : the head and pronotum are entirely dark ; the elytra yellowish brown with dark markings at the humeri , along the suture and at the apicies along with a median transverse band . bionomics : see
. in atlantic canada the species is recorded from new brunswick , nova scotia , and prince edward island .
also has a short elytra which incompletely covers the abdomen . although the coloration is reported to be somewhat variable , in general the head is largely dark except for the mouthparts and gulular region ; the pronotum , sterna , and elytra are entierley , or almost entirely black . the legs are yellow . bionomics : see
: 3 . 5 - 5 . 5 mm . this species has been found in new brunswick and on prince edward island . on prince edward island found on pine (
sp . ) and elsewhere associated with pine ( downie and arnett 1996 ) .
in that the elytra in this genus is also short leaving a portion of the abdomen uncovered . they differ from
in having a small basal tooth on the tarsal claws and in having antennomere 3 twice as long as wide . they are an dark bluish black in coloration with the legs , front of head , and a variably sized triangular area at the base of the elytra yellow . opitz ( 2002 ) reports this species from the galls of
) . in atlantic canada they are recorded from new brunswick and nova scotia .
8 . 0 - 10 . 0 mm . this species has recently been discovered in new brunswick by sean blaney . not the densely hairy , narrow body and the blue - black elytra with variable orange patterning ( usually with a transverse crossbar , and spots around the humeral umbone and sub - apical spots or bars ) which distinguishes this species from any other clerid found in the region . the adults feed on pollen and are found on a variety of flowers including goldenrods (
) . the larvae are predaceous on a variety of insect hosts including bees and grasshoppers ( opitz 2002 ) .
7 . 5 - 9 . 0 mm . species of this genus have a loose anetennal club , a triangular apical maxillary palpomere , and sub - serial punctation at the base of the elytra . in this region two species occur .
is a larger species with more extensive areas of orange at the base of the elytra . also not the respective widths and positions of the transverse white bands on the elytra of this species and
spp . ) . recorded from both new brunswick , nova scotia , and newfoundland .
but smaller and with slightly different color pattern ( see above ) . found in similar habitats to
( but often more abundant ) where they are also avid predators of lignicolous insects , particularly of bark beetles ( scolytinae ) . recorded from new brunswick , nova scotia , prince edward island , and newfoundland .
the antennal club is dense and the apical antennomere is long , securiform , and sinuate on the inner side . both
( spinola ) ( entire dorsal surface black ) have been recorded in new brunswick and nova scotia . both adults and larvare are voracious predators of various lignicolous insects , particularly of bark beetles ( scolytinae ) and are commonly encountered in coniferous forests where there are dead or dying trees or limbs .
3 . 5 - 6 . 0 mm . this is a slender , narrow species with very prominent rows of serial punctures and an elytral pattern of three yellowish markings ; the first running obliquely from humerus to suture , the second an undulate post - medial band , and the third a pair of yellow sub - apical spots . the eyes are emarginate and the funicular antennomeres are not densely setose . the three - segmented antennal club is shorter than the remaining portion of the antenna . the adults and larvae are predaceous on various wood - boring insects , particularly bark beetles ( scolytinae ) . they appear to be rather rare local in their distribution in nb & ns where they are found in coniferous forests . until recently this species was placed in the genus
wolcott 1944 . recorded in new brunswick , nova scotia , and prince edward island .
3 . 5 - 6 . 0 mm . this species and the following are short rounded beetles with head , prontum and elytra a metallic greenish or bluish coloration . a distinctive feature of this genus is that the 9th and 10th antennomeres are narrowly transverse .
has its legs and basal antennomere reddish brown . they are found on dried fish , skins and bones of dead animals , and other carrion where they are saprophagous and predaceous ( opitz 2002 ) . this is a cosmopolitan species probably originally from the palearctic region and introduced here . to date they have only been recorded in newfoundland and nova scotia in atlantic canada .
except that the legs and antennae are entirely dark . also found on dried fish , skins and bones of dead animals , and other carrion where they are saprophagous and predaceous . this is also a cosmopolitan species probably originally from the palearctic region and introduced here . in this region they have been recorded in new brunswick , nova scotia , prince edward island , and newfoundland .
many thanks to sean blaney , yves bousquet , serge laplante , david mccorquodale , and jacques rifkind for their assistance .
hinks , w . d . [ ed . ] . coleopterum catalogus supplementa , pars 23 ( edito secunda ) . w . junk , ' s - gravenhage , 373 pp .
downie , n . m . and arnett , r . h . , jr . 1996 . the beetles of northeastern north america . sandhill crane press . gainsville , florida . 1721 pp .
bousquet , y . checklist of beetles of canada and alaska . agriculture canada publication 1861 / e . pp . 208 - 211 .
arnett , r . h . , jr . , thomas , , m . c . , skelley , p . e . , and frank , j . h . [ eds ] . 2002 . american beetles , volume 2 : polyphaga : scarabaeoidea through curculionoidea . crc press , boca raton , usa . pp . 267 - 280 .
( c ) all rights reserved . christopher majka & empty mirrors press . revised 20 june , 2006 .
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the cfpb was established by congress through the dodd - frank wall street reform and consumer protection act of 2010 , with rich cordray being appointed the first director of the cfpb in january 2012 . the organization works to give consumers the information they need so as to understand the terms of their agreements with financial institutions .
several large loan service companies supports and follows cfdb guidelines . these consumers can still obtain personal loans for people with really bad credit and they have supporting programs . to understand more we will look at consumer protection through the cfdb .
it is important to note from the onset that in america , equal access to credit is law . in this regard , federal laws guaranteeing every american fair housing and equal credit opportunity do provide for penalties to those who may for one reason or the other violate these protections . on anything that’s concerns credit , cfpb is the leading enforcement agency that works with other federal agencies to ensure that these laws are upheld and followed .
since its establishment , the organization has strived to protect consumers by coming up with and implementing federal consumer financial laws . it ensures this by writing rules , supervising companies and strictly enforcing federal consumer financial protection laws that support fairness for consumers . the body has also strives to restrict deceptive , unfair , or abusive practices and acts which are detrimental to the general well being of the consumer . further to the above , the cfpb does also take consumer complaints on a wide range of financial transactions that include but are not limited to installment loans .


chionaspidina is a subtribe of armored scale insects established by borchenius .

but unlike many of the subtribes recognized by borchenius , this one was found to be morphologically valid by takagi .

similarly , in molecular analysis , andersen et al. found a clade roughly corresponding to the subtribe chionaspidina .

geographical sampling and analysis indicated a number of unnamed species in the genus chionaspis and by inference in the chionaspidina .

chionaspidina

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chionaspis signoret 1868 : 871 . type species : coccus salicis linnaeus by subsequent designation cooley1899 : 3 , 9 - 10 . accepted valid name
phenacaspis cooley & cockerell 1899a : 398 . by subsequent designation . junior synonym ( takaha1956d : 48 )
marchaliella bodenheimer 1951 : 331 . type species : chionaspis lepineyi balachowsky . junior synonym ( danzigpe1998 : 205 )
chionapsis signoret ; mouillefert , 1903 in lindinger 1954 : 620 . . misspelling of genus name
general remarks : detailed treatment of north american chionaspis species by liu et al . ( 1989 ) .
biology : in some species of chionaspis occurring on deciduous trees , leaf - feeding individuals are remarkably different from conspecific bark - feeding ones in the shape of the median lobes and the leaf - associated forms are interpreted as seasonal manifestations of ancestral phenotypes ( takagi , 1985 ) .
systematics : takagi ( 1985 ) proposes the evolutionary scenario that chionaspis originated in eastern asia and invaded north america in a comparatively recent time . some species of chionaspis are phenotypically plastic for characters that have been used to define genera , specifically the shape of themedian lobes of the pygidium . individuals developing on bark can have very differently shaped lobes from those on leaves ( takagi , 1990b ) . in a phylogenetic analysis by morse and normark , 2006 , the six included species were scattered across five different places among the diaspididae .
balach1954e : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 170 , 171 , 317 - 318 , 3
bodenh1949 : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 30 , 40 - 41
chen1983 : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 6 - 7 , 63 - 66
dietzmo1916a : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 262 , 263 - 264 , 276
ferris1936a : illustration , taxonomy , pp . 21 , 22 , 24 , 42 , 54
ferris1937 : description , distribution , illustration , taxonomy , pp . si - 13 , si - 91 , si - 118
hall1946a : distribution , taxonomy , pp . 507 , 521 , 528 , 543 ,
liukorh1989 : description , distribution , host , taxonomy , pp . 11 - 18
macgil1921 : description , taxonomy , pp . 307 , 308 , 337 - 338
schmut1959 : description , illustration , taxonomy , pp . 176 , 228 - 229
takagi1961 : description , taxonomy , pp . 4 , 20 , 33 , 34
wang1982c : description , taxonomy , pp . 46 , 47 , 82 , 83 , 113
pinnaspis cockerell 1892d : 136 . type species : mytilaspis pandani comstock by subsequent designation fernal1903b : 242 . ( = aspidiotus buxi , bouché ) accepted valid name
chionaspis ( hemichionaspis ) cockerell 1897p : 592 . type species : chionaspis aspidistrae signoret by original designation . junior synonym ( lindin1913 : 78 )
jaapia lindinger 1914 : 158 . type species : mytilaspis uniloba kuwana by monotypy . junior synonym ( ferris1936a : 22 ) notes : lindinger ( 1914 ) created the new genus jaapia for mytilaspis ( lepidosaphes ) uniloba because the type species differed from lepidosaphes in having only one middle lobe , the perivaginal glands on the penultimate segment , 5 ventral chitinous stripes on the anal segment and by the absence of l2 .
lepidaspidis macgillivray 1921 : 275 . type species : mytilaspis uniloba kuwana by monotypy and original designation . junior synonym ( ferris1936a : 22 ) notes : ferris ( 1936a ) pointed out that macgillivray ( 1921 ) used the same type for his lepidaspidis as lindinger ( 1914 ) did for his jaapia .
systematics : the separation of pinnaspis and chionaspis is justifiable , but precise key characters are difficult to point out since chionaspis infringes somewhat on pinnaspis . however , in those species of chionaspis in which the median lobes are more or less fused or are closely appressed the submedian dorsal pore groups are present , or the elongate median sclerosis which yokes the median lobes in pinnaspis is lacking ( ferris , 1937 ) .
balach1954e : description , distribution , host , taxonomy , pp . 169 , 275 - 277
britto1923 : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 361 , 366 , 370
ferris1936a : illustration , taxonomy , pp . 21 , 22 , 25 , 59 , 63
fullaw1932 : distribution , taxonomy , pp . 97 , 98 , 101 , 104
leonar1920 : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 27 , 28 , 178 , 222
robins1917 : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 17 , 37 - 38 , 39
suh2014 : description , distribution , economic importance , host , illustration , structure , taxonomy , pp . 1 - 6
takagi2003 : description , structure , taxonomy , pp . 79 - 80 , 107
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chionaspis is a genus of scale insect . in 2011 geographical sampling and analysis indicated a number of unnamed species in the genus chionaspis .