mordellistena tenuipalpis is a species of beetle in the mordellistena genus that is in the mordellidae family .

it was described by champion in 1891 .

mordellistena tenuipalpis

this is the place for tenuipalpis definition . you find here tenuipalpis meaning , synonyms of tenuipalpis and images for tenuipalpis copyright 2017 © urltoken
¿qué significa mordellistena ? existen 2 definiciones para la palabra mordellistena . también puedes añadir tu mismo una definición para mordellistena
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word tenuipalpis . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word tenuipalpis and , of course , tenuipalpis synonyms and on the right images related to the word tenuipalpis .
mordellistena es un género de coleópteros de la familia mordellidae . incluye las siguientes especies : [ 1 ]
larva : mordellistena is the only genus in this family which larvae have characteristic tergal processes and paired urogomphi ( comment by artjom zaitsev ) .
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formerly treated in a much broader sense ; many spp . have been moved to other genera , incl .
small , slender , linear or wedge - shaped . scutellum somewhat trianglular , rounded . antennae usually threadlike , sometimes slightly sawtoothed . eyes coarsely granulate . each hind tibia has 1 - 6 short , more or less oblique ridges on outer surface ; tarsal segments may also bear ridges . most are solid black , but some have red , orange or yellow markings
plants in aster family , some trees , mostly oak . for many species , food in unknown .
ford e . j . , jackman j . a . ( 1996 ) new larval host plant associations of tumbling flower beetles ( coleoptera : mordellidae ) in north america . coleopterists bulletin 50 : 361 - 368 .
nomenclatural changes for selected mordellidae ( coleoptera ) in north america j . a . jackman & w . lu . 2001 . insecta mundi 15 ( 1 ) : 31 - 34 .
taxonomic changes for fifteen species of north american mordellidae ( coleoptera ) a . e . lisberg . 2003 . insecta mundi 17 ( 3 - 4 ) : 191 - 194 .
american beetles , volume ii : polyphaga : scarabaeoidea through curculionoidea arnett , r . h . , jr . , m . c . thomas , p . e . skelley and j . h . frank . ( eds . ) . 2002 . crc press llc , boca raton , fl .
a manual of common beetles of eastern north america dillon , elizabeth s . , and dillon , lawrence . 1961 . row , peterson , and company .
peterson field guides : beetles richard e . white . 1983 . houghton mifflin company .
the book of field and roadside : open - country weeds , trees , and wildflowers of eastern north america john eastman , amelia hansen . 2003 . stackpole books .
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mordellidae species list at joel hallan’s biology catalog . texas a & m university . retrieved on 20 may 2012 .
mordellidae species list at joel hallan’s biology catalog . texas a & m university . retrieved on 17 may 2012 .
mordellidae species list at joel hallan’s biology catalog . texas a & m university . retrieved 19 may 2012 .
please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . unsourced material may be challenged and removed .
mordellidae species list at joel hallan’s biology catalog . texas a & m university . retrieved on 19 may 2012 .
mordellidae species list at joel hallan’s biology catalog . texas a & m university . retrieved on 18 may 2012 .
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mylochromis obtusus is a species of cichlid endemic to lake malawi where it is currently only known from sandy areas in the southern portion of the lake .

this species can reach a length of 22 centimetres ( 8.7 in ) tl .

mylochromis obtusus

a male of mylochromis obtusus in the aquarium . photo by ad konings . determiner ad konings
conservation : mylochromis obtusus is evaluated by the international union for the conservation of nature in the iucn red list of threatened species as ( lc ) least concern ( 2006 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
greek , mylo = mill + greek , chromis = a fish without identification , perhaps a perch ( ref . 45335 )
africa : endemic to lake malawi . known only from the holotype taken from the south - east arm between the bar and nkhudzi .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 22 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4986 )
maréchal , c . , 1991 . maravichromis . p . 252 - 257 . in j . daget , j . - p . gosse , g . g . teugels and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde ( eds . ) check - list of the freshwater fishes of africa ( cloffa ) . isnb , brussels ; mrac , tervuren ; and orstom , paris . vol . 4 . ( ref . 4986 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00244 - 0 . 04107 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 6 ±0 . 6 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 24 of 100 ) .
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snoeks , j . ( freshwater fish red list authority ) & darwall , w . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment programme )
justification : endemic to lake malawi where it is thought to be restricted to the southeastern arm . possibly more widespread . no major widespread threats identified .
endemic to lake malawi . recorded in the southern part of lake malawi ( south eastern arm ) . possibly more widespread .
sand dwelling cichlid , occurring along sandy shores . reported not to have been exported in the aquarium trade ( 1990 ) .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
eccles , d . h . and trewavas , e . 1989 . malawian cichlid fishes . the classification of some haplochromine genera . lake fish movies , herten , germany .
konings , a . 1990 . konings ' s book of cichlids and all the other fishes of lake malawi . t . f . h . publications , inc . , neptune city new jersey .
konings , a . 1995 . malawi cichlids in their natural habitat . second edition . cichlid press , st . leon - rot , germany .
trewavas , e . 1935 . a synopsis of the cichlid fishes of lake nyasa annals and magazine of natural history ( 10 ) 16 : 65–118 .
pam chin has been replying to cichlid questions for over twenty years . highly respected and experienced aquarist , pam has visited cichlid habitats around the world , and bred in her ' s and her husband gary fish house hundreds of cichlid species . besides her job , she still devotes time to help any person with a cichlid question !
articles for sale beautifully formatted and wonderfully illustrated pdf articles about all matters relative to cichlids .
books for sale cichlid books and dvds for sale at the cichlid room companion .
e - books for sale pdf copies of popular cichlid books offered for sale at the best price .
trade section the master list of cichlid offers ordered by area and species name .
trewavas , ethelwynn . 1935 .
a synopsis of the cichlid fishes of lake nyasa
. annals and magazine of natural history . series 10 ; pp . 65 - 118 ( crc00118 )
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species profiles presents in depth studies , articles , and information surrounding the numerous species of lake malawi cichlids .
eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .


the tenkile ( dendrolagus scottae ) , also known as scott 's tree-kangaroo , is a species of tree-kangaroo in the family macropodidae .

it is endemic to a very small area of the torricelli mountains of papua new guinea .

its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests .

it is threatened by habitat loss and by hunting .

the tenkile , are listed as endangered due to hunting and logging activities in papua new guinea .

the tenkile is hunted for its meat , tenkile is the main protein source for the residents of papua new guinea .

the population of papua new guinea has increased in recent years due to improvements in healthcare ; therefore increasing need in tenkile meat which means that more tenkiles are being hunted .

additionally , tenkiles are poached for their fur and are captured and sold as a part of the illegal pet trade .

domesticated dogs also hunt tenkiles .

deforestation in papua new guinea affects all tree-kangaroos , however industrial logging that occurs in the torricelli mountain range decreases the already small habitat of the tenkile .

the torricelli mountain range faces additional deforestation due to the timber industry , and the production of coffee , rice and wheat .

tenkile

picture : tenkile ( 12 kb jpeg ) ( tenkile cons . all . )
tenkile conservation alliance , inc . 2003 .
tenkile info
( on - line ) . accessed 04 / 11 / 03 at urltoken .
the diet of the tenkile includes tree leaves , ferns , and soft vines .
the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) aims to save the critically endangered tenkile , or scott ' s tree kangaroo ( dendrolagus scottae ) , from becoming extinct .
continuation of the hunting moratorium for the 18 tenkile villages and 21 weimang villages . there has been no significant hunting of any fauna within the tenkile habitat since 2004 .
since the tenkiles discovery a recovery plan has been written for the species and is being implemented by the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) . local villagers are aware of the need to conserve the tree kangaroo and in 1999 a hunting moratorium was agreed between the tenkile conservation alliance and the fourteen villages that have ownership over tenkile habitat .
diet : vines , ferns and leaves . work still required for diet of tenkile .
the tenkile conservation alliance is a non - government organisation based in papua new guinea .
the tenkile is one of the most endangered mammal species in the world with as few as one hundred individuals remaining . so it is really now or never to save the tenkile .
the tenkile is diurnal and mainly terrestrial , although it climbs trees to rest and escape predators .
“ before the establishment of this program , our grand parents , parents and even my family killed tenkile for meat . but since the signing of the moratorium , tenkile numbers have increased ” .
everyone knows if you have killed a tenkile . they call smell it on your hands for at least a week . there is no way to wash off the scent of tenkile . . .
humans use tenkile tree kangaroos as a source of food and fur and sometimes keep them as pets .
establishment of chicken farms in all villages . distribution of 100 half caste austrolops chickens to tenkile villages .
the tenkile is classified as critically endangered ( cr ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
- - peter , an olo hunter of wilbeitei describing the musty odour of tenkile , february 1990 .
establishment and maintenance of seven tenkile research sites and one weimang research site ( more to be completed ) .
information on the tenkile ( dendrolagus scottae ) is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
euan ritchie spoke to urltoken about the tenkile ' s decline , and his new project to conserve the species .
local names : tenkile ( olo ) , rengile ( one ) , teklel ( elke ) and tikisir ( yel ) .
the success and future conservation goals of the tenkile conservation alliance are the subjects of a new documentary , into the jungle .
major improvements in the rabbit farming success in several tenkile villages , one village having bred more than 300 rabbits since 2004 .
the tenkile conservation alliance is a non - profit organization promoting public awareness and conservation of tree kangaroos in papua new guinea .
continuation of the hunting moratorium for all participating villages which has increased to 20
tenkile
villages and 30
weimang
villages . there has been no significant hunting of any fauna within the tenkile habitat since 2004 or in the weimang habitat since 2007 .
conservation area management committees established in all tenkile villages and significant capacity building conducted for all committee members in scientific knowledge and management .
twenty transects have been prepared with 206 survey points in tenkile habitat . gps locations for base line and some point stations obtained .
flannery 1995 , iucn 1994 , iucn 1996 , iucn 2000 , iucn 2003a , iucn 2004 , kennedy 1992 , tenkile cons . all .
the tenkile , or the scott ' s tree kangaroo ( dendrolagus scottae ) could be a cross between a koala bear and a puppy . with it ' s fuzzy dark fur , long tail and snout , and tiny ears , it ' s difficult to imagine a more adorable animal . it ' s also difficult to imagine that the tenkile is one of the most endangered species on earth : only an estimated 300 remain . according to the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) , the tenkile ' s trouble stems from a sharp increase of human settlements in the torricelli mountain range . once relatively isolated , the tenkile now struggles to avoid hunters and towns while still having sufficient range to live in .
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massicot , p . 2002 .
animal info
( on - line ) . tenkile . accessed 04 / 11 / 03 at urltoken .
preliminary results from distance sampling research indicate a significant increase in the population of tenkile . approximately 160 ( 2004 ) to 307 ( 2008 ) .
since the pair starting working with communities in png , jim says the number of tenkile have trebled from a disastrously low 100 to approximately 300 .
i undertook a study of tenkile between 1990 and 1992 . an important component of that study was radio - tracking . this proved to be very difficult , for the habitat of the remaining tenkile is very steep , wet and covered in dense , sometimes almost impenetrable , mossy scrub . because of high hunting pressure , tenkile is also extremely wary . during our radio - tracking work we saw a tenkile only once . at other times all we heard was a crash as a tracked animal fled down a gully , or else we tracked it to a tree but could not sight it .
conservation area management committees established in all tenkile and weimang villages and significant capacity building conducted for all committee members in scientific knowledge and natural resources management .
tenkile tree kangaroos impact plant communities in the ecosystems in which they live through their predation on plants . little is known of other impacts they may have .
preliminary results from distance sampling research indicate a significant increase in the population of tenkile from approximately 160 ( in 2004 ) to 240 ( in 2006 ) .
habitat : tenkile is found between 900 - 1 , 700 meters above sea level in the torricelli mountain range . the total habitat area probably does not exceed 125 square kilometers . the vegetation is mid - montane rainforest containing podocarpous , libocedrus , auraucaria , rapanea and syzygium species . tenkile is thought to feed on vines including the scaveola and tetracera species , epiphytic ferns and leaves from various forest plants . however , no studies have been done on the diet of the tenkile . at present a tenkile ' s diet is being compiled via the knowledge of the local people and a herbarium of these plant species is being prepared .
euan ritchie , an ecology lecturer at deakin university in queensland , has united with the tenkile conservation alliance to begin a camera survey in papua new guinea ' s ( png ) torricelli mountains , where the tenkile and other critically endangered animals persist . as the first comprehensive wildlife camera trap study in the torricelli range , the joint study endeavors to estimate population numbers and habitat of the tenkile , as well as other critically endangered species to discover their population numbers and habits .
there are presently thought to be two subspecies of dendrolagus scottae - tenkile and fiwo . fiwo is yet to receive a latin name . tenkile is restricted to the torricelli mountain range whilst fiwo is located in the adjacent bewani mountain range . little data has been collected on fiwo , however it is thought that it could reside in much of the bewani mountains with a range greater than 250 square kilometers . fiwo appears to be smaller than tenkile , an adult male weighed 9 . 5kg ( compared to adult male tenkile = 11 . 5kg ) and an adult female weighed 6 . 8kg ( compared to adult female tenkile = 9 . 5kg ) . a lot more work is required on fiwo . presently , fiwo is not under threat due to hunting because , unlike tenkile , it is not surrounded by a large human population . fiwo has a small distribution and has therfore been classified as vulnerable . tca aims to conduct surveys for fiwo when funding becomes available .
cause of decline : it is thought the population of tenkile could have been as low as 100 individividuals when tca was established in 2001 . results from distance sampling research estimate the population to be now over 200 ( october 2006 ) . this makes the tenkile one of the most endangered mammals in the world . the cause of their decline is predominantly due to an increase of human population in the vicinity of the torricelli mountains and consequently an increase of hunting pressure on the animal . in the past hunters recall seeing tenkile in groups of four ( possibly a pair with two young ) and historically found them closer to their villages . now tenkile is rarely seen by the villagers . when people are lucky enough to see a tenkile there is usually only one animal or very occasionally a pair . hunters believe it has drastically reduced in number and in range compared to 50 years ago . even some hunters remember killing as many as six tenkile in a day less than 30 years ago .
the rainforest canopy on the southern side of mount somoro is now the only home to tenkile tree kangaroos . this habitat is at elevations of 900 to 1500 meters .
whilst conducting distance sampling at bibane , villagers from tolgete and sarbute came across three tenkile in the same tree . the team were able to successfully capture one of these animals . the other two were too fast for the team . the captured tenkile was a female weighing 7 . 7kg and has been named
suna
by the landowners .
the conservation of the tenkile has been recognised as a high priority by the waza in situ conservation workshop held at the khaow kheow open zoo , thailand , in 2001 .
many species here occur nowhere else on earth . one such species is the tenkile , or scott’s tree kangaroo , the tca’s namesake and a critically endangered marsupial first described in1989 .
the successful breeding of rabbits in tenkile villages has led to two people being trained as “rabbit farming trainers” . these trainers have successfully completed rabbit courses to all 21 weimang villages .
the tenkile conservation alliance was originally established by a network of zoos , the png museum , local government and individuals that wanted to work towards the recovery of the critically endangered scott’s tree kangaroo ( dendrolagus scottae ) locally known as tenkile . a hunting moratorium was established with 13 villages in 1999 and this has grown to include 20 villages that have tenkile on their land . a further 30 villages that have the critically endangered weimang , or golden - mantled tree kangaroo , ( dendrolagus pulcherrimus ) have also joined the alliance and now comprises over 12 , 000 people .
the successful breeding of rabbits in tenkile villages has led to two people being trained as
rabbit farming trainers
. these trainers have successfully completed rabbit training courses to 24 weimang villages .
* * * the tenkile has a powerful odor which persists for up to a week on the hands of someone who has picked up one of the animals . * * * in 1990 , flannery discovered another population of the tenkile to the west of the main population . animals from this newly found subpopulation were much smaller and may represent an undescribed subspecies . ( flannery 1995 )
the ultimate goal of the tenkile conservation alliance is : to improve health , provide education and so relieve poverty as well as protect biodiversity and the cultures of rainforest communities in papua new guinea .
jim thomas tenkile conservation alliance p . o box 1304 wewak east sepik province n / a papua new guinea tel : n / a mob : + 675 7651 3448 fax : n / a
mr jim thomas , director of tca , said “ the tenkile conservation alliance applied for membership to iucn to increase its network within the fields of conservation , animal classification and human development . ”
a sense of pride among communities – men cried when they saw the tenkile photo taken from a camera trap and when the animals were seen on peoples land for the first time in 20 years .
tim flannery was the first scientist to describe the tenkile in 1989 . he has been a very important scientist for discovering and naming many species of fauna within png , west papua and the surrounding islands .
there are eight species of tree kangaroos living in papua new guinea . one of them , the tenkile , or scott ' s tree kangaroo ( dendrolagus scottae ) , was discovered as late as 1989 .
the tenkile , or the scottâ€™s tree kangaroo ( dendrolagus scottae ) could be a cross between a koala bear and a puppy . with it ' s fuzzy dark fur , long tail and snout , and tiny ears , it ' s difficult to imagine a more adorable animal . it ' s also difficult to imagine that the tenkile is one of the most endangered species on earth : only an estimated 300 remain .
mathew was born in the torricelli mountains and witnessed first hand the decline in the region’s fauna . in 1999 he led a group of stakeholders from 13 villages from across the region to stop the hunting of tenkile .
according to the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) , the tenkile ' s trouble stems from a sharp increase of human settlements in the torricelli mountain range . once relatively isolated , the tenkile now struggles to avoid hunters and towns while still having sufficient range to live in . the tca also suggests the cultural shift in papua new guineaâ€™s torricelli natives could contribute to the animal ' s decline : an influx of catholic missionaries lead to a mass conversion of many of the natives . while the tenkileâ€™s habitat was traditionally off limits for hunting for fear of spirits , the natives now hunt there regularly ; instead of bows and arrows , they use guns .
unfortunately , the combination of all these factors has strongly affected the tenkile population . when the conservation programme was first proposed in 1998 , as few as 100 individuals were estimated to remain in the wild . this made the tenkile one of the most endangered mammals in the world . the cause for the decline was predominantly the increase in human population and consequently increased hunting pressure on the animals , which is now only rarely seen by the villagers
the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) has become the first organisation from papua new guinea to join iucn . today iucn welcomed the tca into the union following their membership approval at the 82nd meeting of the iucn council .
tca is in the process of establishing the torricelli mountain range as a legally protected area . over 185 , 000 hectares of rainforest and biodiversity will be protected including critically endangered species such as the tenkile and weimang tree kangaroos .
recognised as the most threatened of all tree kangaroo species , the tenkile’s range is today restricted to only 150 km 2 of rainforest . like many marsupials , tenkiles are slow breeding . growing human population has led to significant increases in the hunting of wild species for food and tenkile have declined dramatically over the past 30 years as a result . their decline also compromises the wellbeing of local communities who traditionally depend on wildlife for protein , with low levels of nutrition now common .
papua new guinean , mathew akon is senior project officer of the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) , an ngo established in 2001 dedicated to the conservation of the remote torricelli mountain range , a 250 , 000 ha area rich in wildlife .
significant capacity building implemented to ensure local ownership and management of tenkile and other wildlife in the research sites across the torricelli mountain range . all scientific data are collected by tca’s research and distance sampling officers , independent of the tca project manager .
tenkile is a large , black , aromatic tree - kangaroo which is restricted to a small area on the summit of the torricelli mountains in northwestern papua new guinea . it is rather similar in appearance to doria ' s tree - kangaroo (
bravo & congratulations to all of the @ fpa2 2018 awardees , and thank you for your commitment to a # sustainable world . # victorpochat @ tenkile ’s jim thomas @ ipcc _ ch @ profterryhughes # biodiversity # climatechange # fpa2018 # monacomoments urltoken
i work with tca to save my environment in the torricelli mountain range - png . i am proud of the animals we have here such as tenkile . conservation is the way to save all the environment and animals for my children .
the tenkile is a marsupial that weighs about 10 kg ( 22 lb ) . it is found in mossy mountain forests from 900 - 1500 m ( 3000 - 5000 ' ) . the diet of the tenkile includes tree leaves , ferns , and soft vines . this tree kangaroo is diurnal and mainly terrestrial . it probably breeds throughout the year , with females giving birth at 12 month intervals . in the past , family groups of up to 4 individuals were seen . however , most recent sightings have been of solitary individuals or a female and young pair . the tenkile was apparently more common and widespread in the past . it is currently found in three locations in sandaun province in northwestern papua new guinea . hunting is its main threat .
there are many valuable ways in which you can contribute to the tenkile conservation alliance’s vision – which is , the people of png value and protect their natural resources , their community and their culture . click ' contribute ' button above to learn more .
tenkile tree kangaroos are found only papua new guinea , and only in sandaun province along the torricelli mountains in the rainforests on the southern side of mount sumoro . today , the total area occupied by these tree kangaroos is only about 50 square kilometers .
the torricelli mountains on png’s north coast are home to the scotts tree kangaroo – known locally as the tenkile - which is the biggest of the attractive and elusive animals . “they get to about 14 kilos , the big males . ” says jim thomas .
significant capacity building implemented to ensure local ownership and management of tenkile , weimang and other wildlife in the research sites across the torricelli mountain range . since 2007 all scientific data was collected by tca’s research officers and distance sampling officers , independent of the tca director .
i worked with the tca as a village representative from 2004 - 2007 . since 2008 i have been a local project officer . i really love the program because in no other part of the world can you find the tenkile and weimang tree kangaroos .
tca works directly with the local people representing 13 different language groups and unique cultures from 50 villages within two provinces of remote papua new guinea . together we form the tenkile conservation alliance . to find out more about this amazing organisation watch the 10 minute video below .
landowner agreement to establish a conservation area within the torricelli mountain range with the 20 tenkile villages and 30 weimang villages . all these villages have designated hunting areas from non - hunting areas and written their own rules and penalties for the long - term management of the area .
species . wild populations are rapidly declining , and is now thought to be less than 200 individuals . this is about a 75 % reduction since the species was first discovered . the main reason for these falling numbers is hunting by the increasing human population and habitat loss . to deal with this unfortunate population decline , the tenkile conservation alliance was formed in 1999 . this conservation group is working to maintain the failing habitat of this rare species . if action is not taken soon , the tenkile population is likely to be extinct within just a few years .
the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) , was originally established in 2001 , to protect the unique biodiversity of the torricelli mountain range ; png . tca uses the tree kangaroos as flagship species for achieving broad forest conservation outcomes with a main objective to establish this mountain range as a legislated conservation area .
the tenkile conservation alliance was formed after villagers noticed the number of tree kangaroos was plummeting . “the people had signed an agreement not to hunt , and then soon after we came in and started realising that it wasn’t just a matter of getting people not to hunt the animals , ” says thomas .
landowner agreement to establish a conservation area within the torricelli mountain range with the 18 tenkile villages and 21 weimang villages . all these villages have designated hunting areas from non - hunting areas and written their own rules and penalties for the long - term management of the area except for six weimang villages .
the aim of this project has been to determine the effect of the two year hunting moratorium and assess current population status and trends for tenkile in the torricelli mountains using skilled png nationals . a pacific biological foundation grant has been pivotal in engaging villagers in the design and delivery of this conservation activity .
jim’s wife jean has been a crucial partner in the tenkile conservation alliance . for two years the pair walked the steep mountainous tracks between villages , learnt to speak tok pisin and consulted with communities about how they could help to save the species . jean also introduced a conservation program into the local schools .
the northern slopes of the torricelli mountains are steep and abrupt . today , these slopes are the last refuge of tenkile . the southern slopes , however , extend gently towards the sepik plain , and here there are extensive , flat , fertile areas lying between about 600 and 900 metres elevation . these areas were always well - populated , but today they support a very dense concentration of people . this largely catholic area has seen a trebling of its population since the second world war . large villages are now situated only about four hours ' walk from tenkile ' s habitat , and human hunting pressure is intense .
the tenkile after which the organisation is called , also known as scott’s tree kangaroo , is endemic to papua new guinea and restricted to a small area . they are threatened by hunting for food and by destruction of their forest habitat , as are the weimang , black - spotted cuscus and the northern glider .
the difficulties facing tenkile are compounded by the abandonment of many traditional practices and beliefs among the olo . the termination of warfare means that intertribal boundaries are no longer such dangerous places to visit and hunters can spend days there with impunity ( in earlier times , only fleeting , secretive visits were made ) . belief in forest
one curious feature of tenkile ' s behaviour , well known to local hunters , is that it is much easier to find in april - may . this is the wet season , when it migrates out of the steep , inaccessible gullies and up onto the ridgetops and mountain summits , where it is more easily located .
due to high topographical constraints in the torricelli mountains eg much of the terrain within d . scottae s estimated range is too precipitous for dung surveys , the transect lines could not be extended as far as planned . this is likely to lead to the failure of applying the methods used in the remainder of tenkiles range .
now that an initial estimate of the population density of tenkile has been achieved , the tca are in a position to begin to assess the impact of the hunting moratorium and incorporate this into the extension and development of further field research and conservation efforts . the work undertaken so far has confirmed that the population size is critically low . without a continuing input from the tca and generous supporters like apbf , the chances for the long - term survival of the species are certainly low . coupled with this program , an intrinsic part of the tenkile recovery will be improved levels of trust and understanding between the people of the torricelli mountains and external organisations involved .
you might find it hard to believe , but some kangaroos live in trees ! tree kangaroos are one of the world’s best kept wildlife secrets . but in papua new guinea , they are struggling for survival : they are being hunted to extinction . a few years ago , the entire world population of the tenkile , one of . . .
waza conservation project 04016 is implemented by the tenkile conservation alliance with 11 full - time employees , led by jim and jean thomas from melbourne , australia . the project ' s major partners previously were zoos victoria and australian volunteers international , with additional annual support from perth zoo and grants from other donors , including saint louis zoo ' s wildcare institute .
the tenkile was apparently more common and widespread in the past . it is currently found in sandaun province in northwestern papua new guinea , in three locations along the summits of the torricelli mountains in the region between yonkeitei and wigotei villages in the fatima area . its total habitat area probably does not exceed 50 sq km ( 19 sq mi ) . ( flannery 1995 )
there is no doubt that tenkile has declined dramatically over the past 50 years . old men recalled having hunted it on the lower northern slopes in areas that today are adjacent to gardens . the total present - clay population may be little more than a few hundred . if it is not protected soon it may be lost , just as the golden - mantled tree - kangaroo (
the island of new guinea contains 7 % of the world’s biodiversity and is the third largest expanse of tropical rainforest following the amazon and congo . the torricelli mountain range , north - west papua new guinea ( png ) , is unique in that it is the only place known that is home to three species of tree kangaroo , the scott’s tree kangaroo ( tenkile ) , the golden - mantled tree kangaroo ( weimang ) and the grizzled tree kangaroo ( yongi ) . other endemic species include the black - spotted cuscus ( png’s largest cuscus ) and the northern glider . the tenkile , weimang , black - spotted cuscus and northern glider are all classified as critically endangered by the iucn . the torricelli’s , therefore have a high level of endemism and biodiversity significance .
“ having iucn status will mean tca can be more aligned with governments and therefore be able to make a greater impact on the people , their environment and the unique species that tca was established to protect , such as the critically endangered tenkile ( dendrolagus scottae ) , weimang ( d . pulcherrimus ) , black - spotted cuscus ( spilocuscus rufoniger ) and northern glider ( petaurus abidi ) , ” mr thomas said .
successful research teams have been established with 18 villages since 2003 , with more than 100 people employed each year through tca’s tenkile distance sampling research . now the goal is to establish a 96 , 000ha protected conservation area at the core of the torricelli range . mathew and tca are working directly with the region’s 39 villages to inspire support for the project , using tenkiles and another critically endangered tree kangaroo species , the weimang , as flagship species . training will then enable the communities to effectively manage the conservation area themselves .
has also broken down , and people now feel free to hunt in areas where previously no - one would enter for fear of the spirits . sweipini , one of the most important of these refuges , lost its status as a sacred place in 1990 . within a few months , many tree - kangaroos had been killed there . i visited sweipini a few months afterwards , accompanied by kaspar seiko , a village elder and the only man previously allowed to visit the area . he commented sadly that the tenkile were now all gone . the only signs i could find were a few old scratches on tree trunks .
individuals have a strong odor , which can last for up to a week on items that an animal comes in contact with ( e . g . a handler ' s hands ) . another interesting tidbit about these animals is how they received the common name ' scott ' s tree kangaroo ' . the story is that there was a trust fund named after a man called winifred scott . after his death in 1985 , the permanent trustee company , a co - trustee of the scott trust , donated the trust income to an australian museum research program . participants in this program discovered the tenkile . in honor of winifred , this species of tree kangaroo was given the name scott ' s tree kangaroo .
since the introduction of catholic missions 50 years ago , the local people have access to better medical supplies and improved hygiene . consequently the human population has trebled since world war 2 . missionaries have also been responsible for altering traditional beliefs and customs , which have affected or increased the hunting pressure on certain species within the torricelli mountains . for example the traditional conservation areas known as
ples masalai
were strictly off - limits for fear of evil spirits . the traditional land boundaries are no longer heavily fought over and people feel free to hunt on other people’s land . the introduction of guns and torches has made hunting much easier than the traditional bow and arrow . unfortunately the combination of all these factors have taken its toll on the population of the tenkile .
jean began her career with animals by breeding laboratory mice for medical research and then moved into the zoo industry working with native fauna at both healesville sanctuary and melbourne zoo . she has a bachelor of science and a diploma of education and over the years has also worked with other endangered species such as the eastern barred bandicoot and new holland mouse . jean spent her honey moon with jim banding orange - bellied parrots in the wilds of tasmania and after a year of teaching in a high school she now works with her husband managing the tenkile conservation alliance . jean ' s role with tca is very broad including the development and implementation of most of tca’s training programs , staff professional and personal development , administration , accounting , operations , pr and social media updates .
jim is a passionate and concerned conservationist with a strong work ethic who is determined and motivated to succeed in protecting endangered species and their habitats . an independent self - motivated person , culturally sensitive and internationally travelled . jim is fluent in pidgin english or tok pisin and experienced in papua new guinea culture . he has excellent common sense and decision making ability . having a gregarious nature and working well either within a team environment , solo or in a capacity of teaching or leadership are all qualities that enable him to excel as the director of the tenkile conservation alliance . jim is a la trobe university distinguished alumni award winner ( 2012 ) , deakin university adjunct fellow and was rated highly commended for the peter rawlinson conservation hero award in 2013 . he was awarded the australian geographic conservationist of the year award in 2013 with his wife jean .
jean is a hard - working , goal orientated person who is self - motivated and energized when given a task . an influential speaker who is culturally sensitive and internationally travelled . fluent in pidgin english and experienced in papua new guinea culture . she has an ability to transform complicated text and higher thinking concepts into a simple format that has been a key strength in her teaching capabilities . jean has been responsible for the capacity building of the tenkile conservation alliance , designed , produced and conducted various training programs including village drama , teacher training , natural resources management , project management , health ( water / sanitation / hygiene / nutrition / hiv / family planning ) and livestock husbandry . this has lead to community engagement and mobilization among 50 villages and the protection of 200 , 000 hectares of rainforest . consequently jean was awarded the future for nature award in 2010 , the age magazine top 100 most influential and interesting people in 2010 , australian geographic conservationist of the year in 2013 and telstra business women award for social and purpose enterprise in victoria 2015 .
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reproduction : possibly breeds year round with perhaps a young born each year . young become independent after 2 years . a lot more work required in this area .
references : mammals of new guinea – tim flannery ( 1995 ) and tree kangaroos - a curious natural history – tim flannery , roger martin and alexandra szalay ( 1996 ) . illustrations peter schouten . urltoken
averages 10 kg . tree kangaroos have bodies that are built for climbing up and down trees and for moving along tree branches . the tail is similar to that of other macropods , but the tenkiles are more adapted for maneuvering through the upper levels of the rainforest . good balance and agility are needed to be able to jump or move from tree to tree without falling to the forest floor . these qualities are enhanced by the tenkiles ' floppy tails . large foreclaws enable these animals to grasp tree branches and climb through the canopy with ease . their fur is a dark brown color and , like many other marsupials , they have a pouch used in the development of offspring .
research on scott ' s tree kangaroos suggests that these animals breed throughout most of the year . females will give birth to young at 12 month intervals . like most macropods , scott ' s tree kangaroos give birth to one offspring at a time .
species , gestation lasts about 32 days , young emerge from the pouch at about 305 days , and cease to crawl into the pouch to suckle at 408 days .
like other kangaroos , female scott ' s tree kangaroos carry their young in a pouch until the joey is large enough and old enough to emerge . this time period is usually ten to twelve months . the young are nursed from birth until the young are more than a year old .
tenkiles or scott ' s tree kangaroos are diurnal and mainly terrestrial , though they can climb to escape predators and danger . native people report that they were previously encountered mainly in groups of 4 animals , including a male , female , and their young , but are more commonly found as solitary females and young in recent years , this may be the result of severe population declines in recent years . in the wild , females may have a few acres as their territory , while males maintain a much larger territory .
species are mainly arboreal . they are capable of large leaps from the ground into the trees and from tree to tree . on the ground they move with small hops . on the ground the tail is held arched over their back and the head leans far forward . related females may form social groups that cooperate in defense against unfamiliar males .
little is known about how tenkiles communicate , however it is likely that they use the full suite of available senses to communicate and perceive their environment , including vision , chemical cues , touch , and hearing .
tenkiles , or scott ' s tree kangaroos , are mainly herbivorous . their primary diet consists of tree leaves , ferns , and soft vines . they may forage in the trees or on the ground .
the main predator of scott ' s tree kangaroos is humans . tribal hunters in the areas of the torricelli mountains are hunting these animals resulting in rapidly decreasing populations . they are used for meat and skins . the young are also being killed for their skins , or they are being captured and kept as pets . little is known about any anti - predator adaptations in this species .
lindsay cosens ( author ) , michigan state university , barbara lundrigan ( editor ) , michigan state university .
living in australia , new zealand , tasmania , new guinea and associated islands .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the business of buying and selling animals for people to keep in their homes as pets .
rainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
zoological parks and gardens board . 1998 .
melbourne zoo
( on - line ) . scott ' s tree kangaroo . accessed 04 / 11 / 03 at urltoken .
permanent trustee company , ltd . 2003 .
wills , trusts , and estate planning
( on - line ) . media releases . accessed 04 / 11 / 03 at . urltoken .
to cite this page : cosens , l . 2004 .
dendrolagus scottae
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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1 . profile ( picture ) 2 . tidbits 3 . status and trends ( iucn status , countries where currently found , history of distribution , threats and reasons for decline ) 4 . data on biology and ecology ( weight , habitat , birth season , birth rate , diet , behavior , social organization ) 5 . references
it is found in mossy mountain forests from 900 - 1500 m ( 3000 - 5000 ' ) .
in the past , hunters reported encountering groups of up to 4 individuals ( consisting of an adult male , female and 1 - 2 young ) . however , most recent encounters have been with solitary individuals or a female and young pair . ( flannery 1995 )
© 1999 - 2014 animal info . endangered animals of the world . sj contact us .
tca’s vision is for the people of papua new guinea to value and protect their natural resources , communities and cultures in the context of advancing the overall well being of their communities and their places .
provide urgent and necessary services to rainforest communities in papua new guinea that result in the relief of poverty and improve health .
facilitate processes that provide opportunity for rainforest communities in papua new guinea to govern , manage and protect their biological and cultural richness from exploitation .
implement a bottom up approach to achieving all of tca’s goals and objectives . to ensure rainforest communities are enabled with their own freedom of choice , as they advance into the 21st century , working towards self - determination of their communities .
underpinning the primary goal are five objectives with clear activities or projects to be delivered in order to move towards achieving our ultimate goal . these are detailed below .
develop alternate livelihood strategies within rainforest communities to alleviate poverty and hunger to improve health as well as minimise the existing hunting pressure on wildlife , enabling the sustainable use of their natural resources . read more .
develop sustainable sources of income for the organisation and local stakeholders . complementing the organisation’s mission , benefitting the people of papua new guinea and the sustainability of their communities and country . papua new guineans to successfully lead , manage and administer their own projects and organisations , with current , solid and transparent governance .
establish the torricelli mountain range as a legislated protected area to ensure the protection of all biodiversity and culture . read more .
implement a monitoring and evaluation program to assess the effectiveness of the above activities in conserving biodiversity within the torricelli mountain range . read more .
participate in redd + ( reduced emissions from avoided deforestation and degradation ) & pes ( payment for environmental services ) - to combat global warming & climate change , relieve poverty and improve health . read more .
it was quickly realised that in order to protect the tree kangaroos the tca needed to work very closely with the local communities that hunted the animals for food . alternative protein sources were established in the form of rabbit farming , chicken farming and fish farming . the tca also realised that sustainable development and success of these projects required basic service delivery to the village communities . since 2004 the tca has delivered water , sanitation , hygiene and health projects throughout the 50 participating communities ‘providing tangible health benefits’ . . tca embeds training and capacity building activities into all of its programs to ensure long term sustainability and community ownership .
complete handover of rabbit and chicken farming projects to local stakeholders . leadership in rabbit farming identified ( vincent kelele – wigote village ) and supported by tca as required .
local capacity built with the training and supervision of 16 project officers to implement the water , sanitation and hygiene project .
successful installation of 350 x 1000 gallon tuffa tanks and 303 vip toilets throughout 50 participating villages .
delivery of health and hygiene education program to 50 villages including community led total sanitation ( clts ) , participatory health and sanitation transformation ( phast ) and tca’s own interactive hiv / aids and family planning awareness program .
delivery of water and sanitation project management course focusing on managing attitudes and behaviour among participating communities to ensure project success .
partnership with wateraid ( australia ) in place to continue improving water and sanitation throughout project area .
local project supervisors employed and significant management responsibilities delegated to ensure future sustainability of tca project management .
significant improvements to tca base - lumi including community accommodation , staff accommodation and research station .
training manual produced and workshops held to build capacity among local research officers and distance sampling officers in point transect distance sampling techniques .
initial work on camera trapping , since 2011 , has recorded the three tree kangaroos , many mammals and birds . some species recorded are new species to science .
community conservation education programs conducted since 2003 – school visits , teacher training , puppet shows , radio programs , drama education programs have all been implemented throughout the project area , motivating and engaging thousands of people leading to the participation of 50 moratorium villages .
tca has identified that the local communities are very much in tune with their environmental , social and economic needs . people know exactly what they want . the tca has worked very closely with 50 village communities at the foothills of the torricelli mountain range for over a decade . during this time we have developed a very strong relationship built on trust , integrity , transparency and accountability . at the heart of our work is an amalgamation and mutual respect of combining scientific and traditional knowledge . we work towards the protection of natural resources , building community cohesiveness and respecting traditional cultures within png .
commitment from local communities – there has been no hunting of the tree kangaroos for over a decade .
village cohesiveness – communities have worked together despite prior disputes in order to deliver water tanks by foot into the villages .
this program is an outstanding model of how effective conservation outcomes may be achieved and assessed in developing communities when they are coupled with development of sustainable resource , economic and social alternatives .
the wwf is run at a local level by the following offices . . .
tree kangaroos are unique macropods who have adapted to a life in trees . loss of habitat and uncontrolled hunting have forced many species close to extinction .
unlike their close cousins , the tree kangaroo ' s arms and legs are approximately the same length . tree kangaroos also have much stronger fore - limbs to help in climbing the trees they inhabit . size length : 41 - 77cm tail length : 40 - 87cm weight : up to 14 . 5kg habitat montane tropical foresst range states : indonesia , papua new guinea , australia population & distribution tree kangaroos have suffered from loss of habitat , and many species have suffered severe reductions in their range . the wondiwoi tree kangaroo is critically endangered ( possibly extinct ) with as few as 50 individuals remaining . similarly , the critically endangered dingiso has suffered a population decline in excess of 80 % over the last 30 years . diet living in the trees , the tree kangaroo eats mostly leaves and fruit , although they will also collect fruit that has fallen to the ground . the animals will also eat other items such as grains , flowers , sap , eggs , young birds , and even bark .
bennett ' s tree - kangaroo ( dendrolagus bennettianus ) on the branch of a tree . the bennett ' s tree - kangaroo is a rare and vulnerable arboreal marsupial , australia .
the major threats facing tree kangaroo species are hunting and habitat loss . tree kangaroos have been hunted for food by indigenous communities across their range . for a number of species , this factor alone has contributed to a sharp decline in population numbers . habitat loss and degradation means that many species now inhabit a restricted range . habitat has been removed for logging and timber production , or converted to coffee , rice or wheat production . this loss of habitat can also expose tree kangaroos to predation by domestic dogs .