turbinaria patula , commonly known as disc coral , is a species of colonial stony coral in the family dendrophylliidae .

it is native to the indo-pacific region , being found in the eastern indian ocean , northern australia , the south china sea and the western pacific ocean .

it is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues .

it is an uncommon species and the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) has rated it as a " vulnerable " species .

turbinaria patula

what type of species is turbinaria patula ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the turbinaria patula species belongs to .
which photographers have photos of turbinaria patula species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species turbinaria patula .
how to identify turbinaria patula marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species turbinaria patula . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species turbinaria patula are marked in green .
turbinaria patula . great barrier reef , australia . showing colony overgrowing t . mesenterina .
information on turbinaria patula is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
where is turbinaria patula found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species turbinaria patula can be found .
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turbinaria patula . great barrier reef , australia . colony with polyps extended . . mary stafford - smith .
turbinaria patula . norfolk island , coral sea . a large colony where the characters of the species are well developed . charlie veron .
which taxonomic groups does the genus turbinaria belong to and what are the different turbinaria species ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the genus turbinaria belongs to and the taxonomic tree with all the different species .
which are the most common photographed turbinaria species ? below , you will find the list of species commonly photographed by underwater photographers .
( of turbinaria robusta bernard , 1896 ) bernard h ( 1896 ) . the genus turbinaria , the genus astraeopora . catalogue of the madreporarian corals in the british museum ( natural history ) 2 : 1 - 106 , pls . 1 - 33 . [ details ]
a new patch coral area has been recorded first time during a recent survey by suganthi devadason marine research insti - tute ( sdmri ) reef research team ( rrt ) in the northern region of palk bay near thamodharanpattinam fishing village which is about 70 km away from pamban . among the four species recorded in the patch coral area , turbinaria patula is a new record for the palk bay and has been listed as vulnerable in iucn red list . the current findings provide an insight in to more new coral patches and probably new species in palk bay which are to be explored yet .
( of turbinaria cupula ehrenberg , 1834 ) cairns , s . d . , 2001 . a generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the dendrophylliidae ( cnidaria : scleractinia ) . smith . cont . zool . 615 : 75 pp . , 14 pls . , 3 figs . [ details ]
( of turbinaria fungiformis michelin , 1841 ) cairns , s . d . , 2001 . a generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the dendrophylliidae ( cnidaria : scleractinia ) . smith . cont . zool . 615 : 75 pp . , 14 pls . , 3 figs . [ details ]
( of turbinaria bankae giebel , 1861 ) cairns , s . d . , 2001 . a generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the dendrophylliidae ( cnidaria : scleractinia ) . smith . cont . zool . 615 : 75 pp . , 14 pls . , 3 figs . [ details ]
( of gemmipora patula dana , 1846 ) veron , j . e . n . , pichon , m . ( 1980 ) . scleractinia of eastern australia – part iii . family agariciidae , siderastreidae , fungiidae , oculinidae , merulinidae , mussidae , pectinidae , caryophyllidae , dendrophylliidae . australian institute of marine science monograph series . 4 : 1 - 459 . [ details ]
( of gemmipora patula dana , 1846 ) dana , j . d . ( 1846 - 1849 ) . zoophytes . united states exploring expedition during the years 1838 - 1842 . lea and blanchard , philadelphia . 7 : 1 - 740 , 61 pls . ( 1846 : 1 - 120 , 709 - 720 ; 1848 : 121 - 708 , 721 - 740 ; 1849 : atlas pls . 1 - 61 ) . [ details ]
( of turbinaria cupula ehrenberg , 1834 ) ehrenberg , c . g . ( 1834 ) . beiträge zur physiologischen kenntniss der corallenthiere im allgemeinen , und besonders des rothen meeres , nebst einem versuche zur physiologischen systematik derselben . abhandlungen der königlichen akademie der wissenschaften , berlin . 1 : 225 - 380 . , available online at urltoken ; : int = 00000243 [ details ]
( of turbinaria robusta bernard , 1896 ) veron , j . e . n . , pichon , m . ( 1980 ) . scleractinia of eastern australia – part iii . family agariciidae , siderastreidae , fungiidae , oculinidae , merulinidae , mussidae , pectinidae , caryophyllidae , dendrophylliidae . australian institute of marine science monograph series . 4 : 1 - 459 . [ details ]
dana , j . d . ( 1846 - 1849 ) . zoophytes . united states exploring expedition during the years 1838 - 1842 . lea and blanchard , philadelphia . 7 : 1 - 740 , 61 pls . ( 1846 : 1 - 120 , 709 - 720 ; 1848 : 121 - 708 , 721 - 740 ; 1849 : atlas pls . 1 - 61 ) . [ details ]
hoeksema , b . w . ; cairns , s . ( 2018 ) . world list of scleractinia .
cairns , s . d . ; hoeksema , b . w . & van der land , j . ( 2007 ) . as a contribution to unesco - ioc register of marine organisms . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
cairns , s . d . , 2001 . a generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the dendrophylliidae ( cnidaria : scleractinia ) . smith . cont . zool . 615 : 75 pp . , 14 pls . , 3 figs . [ details ]
veron , j . e . n . , pichon , m . ( 1980 ) . scleractinia of eastern australia – part iii . family agariciidae , siderastreidae , fungiidae , oculinidae , merulinidae , mussidae , pectinidae , caryophyllidae , dendrophylliidae . australian institute of marine science monograph series . 4 : 1 - 459 . [ details ]
veron jen . ( 2000 ) . corals of the world . vol . 1–3 . australian institute of marine science and crr , queensland , australia . [ details ]
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
in the indo - west pacific , this species is found in the central indo - pacific , tropical and sub - tropical australia , south china sea , and the oceanic west pacific .
there is no species specific population information available for this species . however , there is evidence that overall coral reef habitat has declined , and this is used as a proxy for population decline for this species . this species is particularly susceptible to bleaching , disease , and other threats and therefore population decline is based on both the percentage of destroyed reefs and critical reefs that are likely to be destroyed within 20 years ( wilkinson 2004 ) . we assume that most , if not all , mature individuals will be removed from a destroyed reef and that on average , the number of individuals on reefs are equal across its range and proportional to the percentage destroyed reefs . reef losses throughout the species ' range have been estimated over three generations , two in the past and one projected into the future .
the age of first maturity of most reef building corals is typically three to eight years ( wallace 1999 ) and therefore we assume that average age of mature individuals is greater than eight years . furthermore , based on average sizes and growth rates , we assume that average generation length is 10 years , unless otherwise stated . total longevity is not known , but likely to be more than ten years . therefore any population decline rates for the red list assessment are measured over at least 30 years .
it is found on inshore reefs and shallow rocky foreshores of subtropical locations . they form plates of over 1 m in diameter . this species is found from 7 - 20 m .
all corals are listed on cites appendix ii . parts of the species’ range fall within marine protected areas . recommended measures for conserving this species include research in taxonomy , population , abundance and trends , ecology and habitat status , threats and resilience to threats , restoration action ; identification , establishment and management of new protected areas ; expansion of protected areas ; recovery management ; and disease , pathogen and parasite management . artificial propagation and techniques such as cryo - preservation of gametes may become important for conserving coral biodiversity .
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colonies are usually irregularly folded , unifacial , upright fronds with long tubular corallites strongly inclined towards the colony margins . corallites have elliptical openings , and average 5 millimetres diameter .
taxonomic note : source reference : veron ( 2000 ) . taxonomic reference : veron and pichon ( 1980 ) . additional identification guide : veron ( 1986 ) .
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classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
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hello , i have a pagoda cup coral . it appears to be doing well since i bought it 4 mo . ago . i have it under 260 total watts . in moderate crosswise flow . i spot feed it once a week and add a
reef stew
( abundant with life ~ phytoplankton , brine shrimp , rotifers , copepods , nannochloropsis , tetraselmis , and isochyrsisto ) to my tank bi - weekly . it has what looks like white excrement coming from it ' s tissue . it appears in tiny white pin size dots , kinda looks like cotton . i have seen it before , but it went away . this time there is more of it . what ' s going on ? ~ tia
pagoda regularly will let off a slime coat to clean themselves . just have good flow on it to blow it off .
you know me , im jiddy from rapid city . thats in s . dakota , no its a state , by mn . the one with mt . rushmore ! hidden content
well , once again the
stuff
is gone . i ' m positive it ' ll show back up , i ' m just trying to figure this coral out
i have one as well , and haven ' t ever seen what you describe . sorry i am not more helpful . i have pretty good alternating flow directed across at mine from my seaswirl , so it may be that i don ' t see it because it gets blown away . my experience with this coral is that it needs more flow and more direct feeding than i originally thought . in fact i sold the mother colony to les because it was struggling in my tank . the piece i kept was in a higher location , with more flow and easier to reach with the turkey baster , and it is super super happy now .
thanks guys ! i ' m setting up a 115 in the next month for the inhabitants of my 55 . i am going with a closed loop powered by a super squirt and iwaki . flow is definately in the fore front of the whole project . bc , how often do you direct feed ? what are signs of this coral in stress ? other than the pin point cotton like things there is tons of new tissue and polyp growth on my pagoda .
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depth range based on 87 specimens in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 33 samples . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 1 - 28 temperature range ( °c ) : 21 . 407 - 26 . 803 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 088 - 0 . 923 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 975 - 35 . 635 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 4 . 573 - 5 . 058 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 081 - 0 . 201 silicate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 900 - 3 . 672 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : 1 - 28 temperature range ( °c ) : 21 . 407 - 26 . 803 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 088 - 0 . 923 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 975 - 35 . 635 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 4 . 573 - 5 . 058 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 081 - 0 . 201 silicate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 900 - 3 . 672 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
this species is uncommon except in subtropical localities . there is no species specific population information available for this species . however , there is evidence that overall coral reef habitat has declined , and this is used as a proxy for population decline for this species . this species is particularly susceptible to bleaching , disease , and other threats and therefore population decline is based on both the percentage of destroyed reefs and critical reefs that are likely to be destroyed within 20 years ( wilkinson 2004 ) . we assume that most , if not all , mature individuals will be removed from a destroyed reef and that on average , the number of individuals on reefs are equal across its range and proportional to the percentage destroyed reefs . reef losses throughout the species ' range have been estimated over three generations , two in the past and one projected into the future . the age of first maturity of most reef building corals is typically three to eight years ( wallace 1999 ) and therefore we assume that average age of mature individuals is greater than eight years . furthermore , based on average sizes and growth rates , we assume that average generation length is 10 years , unless otherwise stated . total longevity is not known , but likely to be more than ten years . therefore any population decline rates for the red list assessment are measured over at least 30 years . see the supplementary materialfor further details on population decline and generation length estimates .
all corals are listed on cites appendix ii . parts of the species range fall within marine protected areas . recommended measures for conserving this species include research in taxonomy , population , abundance and trends , ecology and habitat status , threats and resilience to threats , restoration action ; identification , establishment and management of new protected areas ; expansion of protected areas ; recovery management ; and disease , pathogen and parasite management . artificial propagation and techniques such as cryo - preservation of gametes may become important for conserving coral biodiversity .
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whether mature individuals of a species are colonial , solitary or either colonial or solitary ( both ) .
the typical local abundance of species when found on the great barrier reef , australia . data were extracted from textual descriptions in veron ( 1996 ) by diaz and madin ( 2011 ) .
scleractinian corals collected during 1998 from dampier archipelago , western australia jane k . griffith
note : id to be confirmed for corals collected during da3 / 99 expedition .
ozcam ( online zoo - log - i - cal col - lec - tions of aus - tralian muse - ums ) pro - vides access to an online data - base of records aggre - gated from fau - nal col - lec - tions data - bases in aus - tralian museums .
supplied as
slack - smith , s . m . & marsh , l . m .
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : acd34fd5 - 6371 - 41a4 - 96ae - 8d9b4047ad28
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 05a85c13 - 2d93 - 4190 - 949a - 08760ced9628
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 4647863b - 760d - 4b59 - aaa1 - 502c8cdf8d3c
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 3dc64238 - 278c - 40c6 - b5c9 - 5172f31f1dcb
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 46772087 - 1328 - 4a98 - 9769 - 423f28f75fec
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 0710191f - ca8e - 4dc5 - b601 - 105da15d9adb
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 6726a12e - 6e01 - 4f65 - a977 - 9d4e947f4ab4
slack - smith , s . m . & marsh , l . m .
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furcifer lateralis , also known as the carpet chameleon or the white-lined chameleon , is a species of chameleon that is endemic to madagascar .

it was described in 1831 by john edward gray .

carpet chameleon

the carpet chameleon is a charming addition to the chameleon collection and ours ‘tamed’ quickly , allowing hand feeding and more interaction than the larger chameleons such as panther and veiled .
they live in carpet chameleon mainly on the island of madagascar . they can be seen in the woods , overgrown savannas , grasslands , plantations even .
the colors and patterns on this female furcifer lateralis lateralis might remind people of an oriental carpet .
according to international union for conservation of nature ' s red list of threatened species , many species of chameleon are endangered . some species that are considered in danger of extinction are the tiger chameleon , elandsberg dwarf chameleon , namoroka leaf chameleon and the decary ' s leaf chameleon .
hello all , i recently completed a detailed care sheet on how i keep and breed furcifer lateralis , the carpet chameleon . i hope it is helpful .
abate , ardie 1995 . chameleon profile [ chamaeleo lateralis ] . chameleon information network 1995 ( 18 ) : 15 - 16
as the structure of the chameleon ' s eye , allows the chameleon to have complete 360 degree vision around its body . this special adaptation , allows the chameleon to be able to hunt
carpet chameleons can easily climb branches but not smooth surfaces . a top is only necessary to contain food items .
carpet chameleons eat mostly small insects and grubs . the most popular foods for captive chameleons are crickets and flies .
genera & species : within the two subfamilies are nine genera and 171 species . a few examples — calumma parsonii ( parson’s chameleon ) , furcifer oustaleti ( oustalet ' s chameleon ) , brookesia minima ( pygmy leaf chameleon ) , chameleo jacksonii ( jackson’s chameleon )
house carpet chameleons in full - screen enclosures . provide each chameleon with a space at least 1 foot long , 1 foot wide and 2 feet tall . bigger enclosures are better .
my friend who has a store is selling a carpet chameleon . i want to make sure they have a good number of sources for info , and have a prinout of links to give to customers for further info before & after they purchase the chameleon .
the carpet chameleon is found in the mixed woodlands and forests of madagascar . it is arboreal ( a tree dweller ) . adults require a 18
x 18
x 36
enclosure with branches .
10 . the american chameleon is not actually a chameleon . the american chameleon , or anole ( anolis carolinensis ) , is not a true chameleon , but a small lizard of the iguana family . it is found in the se united states and is noted for its colour changes . [ source ]
males are light green with a mid - body white stripe . females are dark brown to black with a mid - body yellow stripe and numerous white to multi - coloured spots , hence the name , carpet chameleon .
i ' m also in port elizabeth and picked up a chameleon . . .
the female chameleon then lays a clutch of around 20 eggs , although the exact number of eggs can vary from just one to nearly 100 . the chameleon eggs take from 4 - 12 months to hatch , depending on the chameleon species .
learn many facts about the chameleon , a wonderful creature with many remarkable abilities .
simulate a chameleon’s natural environment as close as possible . carpet chameleons like to bask in the sun , so give them the opportunity to do so , but make sure they have a shady retreat . never leave a chameleon in direct sunlight without giving it the opportunity of shade . otherwise they might get too warm .
the carpet chameleon comes from madagascar and is also known as jewelled chameleons because of its stunning colours . it is the female that sports the familiar eye pattern but the male can display lovely greens with shades of blue around the eyes and feet .
information on the jewel chameleon is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
carpet chameleons may hibernate for 1 to 3 months during the winter . after hibernation , keep adults well fed with a variety of vitamin / mineral enriched foods .
it is important to give a gravid female carpet chameleon high - quality food and supplementation during the initial period shortly after breeding has taken place . she most likely will go off food after her body becomes so engorged with eggs that she no longer has room .
and can grow to nearly 70 cm in length . parson ' s chameleon , also found in
team , ben .
description of chameleon color phases
accessed july 09 , 2018 . urltoken
carpet chameleon eggs should be artificially incubated in slightly moist vermiculite . a cool phase is needed during egg incubation : 25c for the first 45 days , 15c for 40 days , then 28c until hatching ( around 100 days following the end of the cool phase ) .
the largest chameleon is the parson’s chameleon , according to encyclopedia britannica . it can grow up to 27 inches ( 69 . 5 centimeters ) long . the madagascan , also known as the oustalet ' s chameleon , is also very large and grows up to 23 inches ( 60 cm ) long .
carpet chameleons will not drink from standing water so daily misting , or a dripping / splashing water source is necessary , e . g . waterfall . clean terrarium as needed .
, due to the large eyes and curled tail of the chameleon . chameleons are found throughout jungle and
prefer to be vegetarians . a chameleon will generally eat anything though including berries , leaves , fruits ,
like many chameleons , the colours are at their best when either displaying to a mate or rival . when the female is gravid the jewelled effect is most pronounced . environment and mood play their part and a basking carpet chameleon can exhibit combinations of deep reds , blues or black .
this is flim flam , a male furcifer lateralis lateralis , also known as a carpet of jeweled chameleon . smaller in size than a veiled or panther they can be housed in a smaller cage . if you can help it avoid buying wild caught ! seek captive bred or captive hatched .
carpet chameleon – a small family pet lizards . its easy to keep at home . small animal has an unusual variegated coloring . small size body ( about twenty centimeters ) . the backrest is slightly raised , has a small crest , which runs through the entire spine . the tail is long , curved . in the wild , the life expectancy of carpet chameleon no more than one year . but in captivity , he can expect to live twice , even three times longer . females differ from males in body coloring . the color scheme of female individuals is much brighter . chameleon size depends on the environment . for example , in the warm regions of much larger animals . another distinctive feature of the sexes is the tail of the chameleon . in males , it is a little thicker .
other chameleon species lay eggs that have an incubation period of four to 24 months , depending on species , according to the san diego zoo . the size of the chameleon predicts how many eggs she will lay . small chameleon species lay two to four eggs while larger chameleons lay 80 to 100 eggs at one time .
team , ben .
description of chameleon color phases .
animals - urltoken , http : / / animals . urltoken / description - chameleon - color - phases - 5111 . html . accessed 09 july 2018 .
team , ben . ( n . d . ) . description of chameleon color phases . animals - urltoken . retrieved from http : / / animals . urltoken / description - chameleon - color - phases - 5111 . html
if breeding was successful , the female carpet chameleon shows gravid coloration . a gravid female displays this coloration , hisses and possibly bites males even if she is carrying infertile eggs . after she lays eggs and has time to fatten up , reintroducing her to a male may still elicit a gravid , unreceptive coloration .
photos of a smith’s dwarf chameleon blending in when facing two decoy predators , a shrike and a mamba . photo by
the smallest chameleon has a special distinction . it is also one of the smallest vertebrates ever discovered . the leaf chameleon grows to just 0 . 5 inches ( 16 millimeters ) and can sit comfortably on the head of a match .
) , we recovered dates that are consistent with previously documented chameleon fossils . for instance , the age of the genus
a wonderful chameleon with wonderful colors and patters and now a wonderful care sheet to take care of them wonderfully . . .
water is very important to chameleon growth and health . they either slurp water up using their tongues or the inhale it .
wild - caught imports of furcifer l . lateralis can be found quite often in pet stores due to the number and wide distribution of this particular subspecies . be warned , however , that purchasing an adult carpet chameleon may not have favorable results . they may not live long if they are purchased too old or if there is a parasite issue .
the challenge of keeping and finally breeding carpet chameleons under captive conditions is both fascinating and worthwhile . sperm retention is common in all chameleons . it is possible that if a female breeds once , she can have fertile eggs clutch after clutch . technically , a female chameleon can breed for one season and still produce viable eggs for her entire life .
when a gravid female carpet chameleon is ready to lay eggs , a nesting site should be available . i provide a plastic container measuring 1 . 5 feet long , 1 . 5 feet wide and 1 foot tall placed in the bottom of the female’s enclosure . i position it next to her plant with a stick leading into the nesting site .
. then a chameleon’s green coloration is acquired by the blue light reflected by the iridiophores that goes through the outer yellow chromatophores .
when frightened , the chameleon can make a hissing sound . they can bite ( which is non - toxic and harmless ) .
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a female carpet chameleon may dig several test holes . this may take days or hours to accomplish . leave her alone , and let her dig . do not remove her until she is finished covering her holes or returns to her branch for a length of time . she may return to the test holes repeatedly and cover only a few them . be patient .
source / reference article learn how you can use or cite the chameleon article in your website content , school work and other projects .
look for chameleon eggs to start swelling and sweating after four to five months . eggs hatch between five to seven months on average .
allow the female carpet chameleon to rest at least a week or two after egg deposition , and then reintroduce the female to the male in his enclosure . the female retains the active sperm and automatically fertilizes more than one clutch of eggs , so it is possible to have an impregnated female lay several clutches of fertile eggs without being exposed to a male for many months .
some chameleons display so many different colors that it is difficult to characterize them . panther chameleons from ambilobe are kaleidoscopic animals , they can display red , orange , yellow , blue , white and green colors at the same time . carpet or jeweled chameleons ( furcifer lateralis ) display a variety of colors . females of the species are often marked with purple , blue and white markings on a dark background . male carpet chameleons are usually green with blue , orange or white markings .
found in tropical rainforests , prairies and cities , where they live in bushes or trees . this chameleon has adapted to living around humans .
to bury her eggs to keep them safe and warm , the female chameleon first digs a hole in the forest floor in which to bury them . the hole can be from 10 to 30 cm deep , but the depth of the hole generally depends on the chameleon species .
) . each of these hypotheses results in specific patterns that we use here to assess support between diversification models for our target chameleon group .
) . we have clarified the range of these chameleon species . from the point locality data alone , we found that the range of the
carpet chameleons are the most common and plentiful species of chameleon found on madagascar , which is off the coast of africa . they live in varied habitats and favor humid areas in the central to southern regions , where most of the native population can be found . carpet chameleons have adapted to mountains , deserts and rain forest habitats , but they seem to be most numerous where there is ample humidity . there is little question that within reason most chameleons can adapt to varying temperatures , humidity and dryness , but the fact remains that they will only adjust to some semblance of their native environment . adaptability does not mean lizardkeepers should push the extreme limits of the chameleon’s environmental needs . all subspecies of furcifer lateralis are generally collected where humidity averages 70 percent or higher .
stuart - fox & moussalli ( 2008 ) . selection for social signalling drives the evolution of chameleon colour change . plos biol vol . 6 .
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breeding your own insects as food will allow you to give your chameleon a varied diet . you will also have better control over the quality of food .
florio , a . m . , ingram , c . m . , rakotondravony , h . a . , louis , e . e . and raxworthy , c . j . 2012 . detecting cryptic speciation in the widespread and morphologically conservative carpet chameleon ( furcifer lateralis ) of madagascar . journal of evolutionary biology 25 : 1399 - 1414 . doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1420 - 9101 . 2012 . 02528 . x .
differences in the colouring of a panther chameleon when it’s relaxed and excited , and its relation with the composition and distribution of the iridiophore nanocrystals . image extracte from
unfortunately , females of all chameleon species , especially short - lived ones such as furcifer lateralis , can breed with a potentially infertile male and not show signs of infertility until they have expired , and the eggs all turn up useless . i recommend all chameleon females breed with several males per season to ensure proper fertilization .
florio , a . m . , ingram , c . m . , rakotondravony , h . a . , louis , e . e . and raxworthy , c . j . 2012 . detecting cryptic speciation in the widespread and morphologically conservative carpet chameleon ( furcifer lateralis ) of madagascar . journal of evolutionary biology , 25 : 1399–1414 . doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1420 - 9101 . 2012 . 02528 . x - get paper here
krysko , kenneth l . and louis a . somma 2017 . the status of two species of nonindigenous lizards in florida , the slender chameleon , chamaeleo gracilis hallowell 1842 and the white - lined chameleon , furcifer lateralis ( gray 1831 ) : a corrigendum . ircf reptiles & amphibians 24 ( 1 ) : 65–66 - get paper here
a chameleon’s tongue is not really sticky . it’s hollow and composed of three main elements : accelerator muscles , retractor muscles and the sticky tip , which is more like a toilet plunger . the tip hits prey hard and creates suction around it before the chameleon retracts it . because of this suction , the tip can get stuck on a feeder dish . irreversible damage can result . sometimes the tongue no longer retracts , and it atrophies or even causes death if the chameleon cannot be taught to be hand - fed .
on the long drive from ranomafana national park north to antananarivo , we stopped along national route 7 for this beautiful chameleon crossing the road , and moved him over to safety .
the chameleon can move one eye in one direction while moving the other eye in a different direction . it also has the ability to view its surrounding with nearly 360° vision .
although there are many fun and interesting facts about the chameleon , it is recommended by some to not keep them as pets because they are hard to care for in captivity .
wild - caught carpet chameleons are often heavily parasitized and stressed , frequently with short life expectancy . another problem with wild - caught specimens is the ease with which they mate . young females kept in crowded cages awaiting shipment will often mate too small , resulting in poor quality eggs and often a dead female .
such as pink , blue , red , orange , green , black , brown , light blue , yellow and turquoise , all so that the chameleon can blend in more easily .
many people believe the chameleon changes color to blend in with their environment . scientists disagree with this . studies have shown that mood , temperature , and light causes their color to change .
this chameleon is endemic to madagascar and is distributed in the east of the island ( florio et al . 2012 ) . it has a large estimated distribution of > 130 , 000 km² .
1 . almost half of the world’s chameleon species live on the island of madagascar , with 59 different species existing nowhere outside of the island . there are approximately 160 species of chameleon . they range from africa to southern europe , and across south asia to sri lanka . they have also been introduced into the united states in places such as hawaii , california and florida . [ source 1 , source 2 ]
carpets require the basic chameleon care , such as uv lighting , the correct delivery of water and heating , etc . i always recommend natural sunlight for health and best colours , if your location is suitable .
. this allows them to control the wavelength of the light reflected by the iridiophores and so , the colour . combined with the chromatophores , the different chameleon species can cover most of the visible spectrum of colours .
coming from various parts of madagascar , they are not restricted to one habitat or ecosystem . this means they are fairly tolerant of temperature ranges but the following are optimum : daytime between 25°c and 30°c , dropping at night by 5°c to 10°c . do not let the temperature fall below 12°c or rise above 32°c . the carpet chameleons may survive but they could become stressed .
also provide nontoxic plants ( such as a ficus benjamina ) , sticks of various sizes and vines , so they may feel secure . chameleons become stressed when they see other chameleons , even if they see one across the room . if you notice a chameleon stressing — changing to gravid or unreceptive colors , hissing or puffing up for no apparent reason — it may see its reflection or have view of a chameleon in another cage .
when you purchase any chameleon , please do the animal and yourself a favor : get a fecal check . it’s the only way to be completely sure the animal doesn’t have parasites . veterinarians can do this simple test . all you have to take to the vet office is a fresh stool sample . even a healthy - looking , active chameleon with a tight grip and strong tongue can harbor a fatal parasite load . parasites are commonly aggravated by stress , which can grow to unmanageable levels in a relatively short amount of time in captivity . even a very heavy load of parasites , if caught early in an otherwise healthy chameleon , can be treated and cured .
hatchling carpet chameleons can be kept in much the same way as the adults , but even more care should be taken to make sure the temperature and humidity are precise . hatchlings are very strong and usually eat voraciously in a day or two . furcifer lateralis subspecies grow so quickly that it is imperative that supplements contain a high - quality form of calcium to ensure proper growth of bones and muscles .
scheme of a chameleon’s skin section in which the iridiophores ( blue ) with nanocrystal layers and the different kinds of chromatophores can be seen ; xanthophores ( yellow ) , erythrophores ( red ) and melanophores ( black ) . image by
chameleons ( chamaeleonidae family ) are extremely cryptic lizards , as their coloration is usually very similar to that of their habitat’s . also , many chameleon species present the ability to actively shift their colours , making their camouflage even more complex .
as long as no aggressive behavior is present , a clutch of 10 to 15 hatchling carpet chameleons can be housed together in a screen cage measuring 1 foot long , 1 foot wide and 2 feet tall for no more than a month . after that time , keep no more than five hatchlings per cage . furcifer lateralis subspecies grow quickly , and adults require their own cage after they reach 3 months old .
changing skin color is an important part of communication among chameleons . according to the san diego zoo , a chameleon ' s skin changes colors in response to its emotions , such as anger or fear , changes in light , temperature or humidity .
] . to help alleviate this , we estimated chameleon divergence both ways and then assessed concordance . while the dates inferred using the nd2 molecular rate were generally older , the dates did not largely vary between analyses with respect to geologic period ( see
as we’ve just seen , the variety of colorations among the distinct chameleon species is huge . yet , their incredible abilities haven’t saved chameleons from being on the endangered species list , as many of them are in danger of extinction , mainly because of the destruction of their habitat due to the logging industry and because of poaching for the illegal exotic animal trade . we hope that with a better awareness of these spectacular and colourful lizards , future generations can still delight with chameleon colour shifts for a long time .
many chameleon species , including panther ( furcifer pardalis ) , jackson’s ( chamaeleo jacksonii ) and senegal ( chamaeleo senegalensis ) chameleons will display dark brown colors if they are cold , sick or stressed . other chameleons , including many of the stump - tailed chameleons ( brookesia sp . ) , always display brown or other earth tones that help them to blend in to their natural habitat . outstalet’s chameleons ( furcifer outstaleti ) , potentially the largest chameleon species in the world , usually exhibit grey or brown colors .
supply water to your chameleon twice daily in the form of a mist , spray or dripper . i use tap water in a hudson sprayer to mist my enclosures . a humidifier also helps to keep humidity in check . do yourself a favor and get the more expensive one with the auto shut - off . i use only distilled water in the humidifier . this keeps minerals from building up and causing the misting nebulizer to malfunction . make sure to wet the chameleon’s body as well as the plants in the enclosure .
2 . colour changing . most chameleons change from brown to green and back , but some can turn almost any colour . a change can occur in as little as 20 seconds . chameleons are born with special cells that have a colour or pigment in them . these cells lie in layers under the chameleon’s outer skin . they are called chromatophores . the top layers of chromatophores have red or yellow pigment . the lower layers have blue or white pigment . when these pigment cells change , the chameleon’s skin colour changes .
there are more than 160 sub species of the chameleon and they have a huge diversity when it comes to where they are located . some of those common areas include florida , california , hawaii , asia , sri lanka , spain , madagascar , and portugal .
] that offer possible explanations for the production of this biodiversity . in this study , we focused on four hypotheses that we consider the most likely candidates for diversification , based on our chameleon target group distributions ( e . g not montane ) and ecology ( see
carpet chameleons do well on a diet of medium - sized crickets , flies and other small insects . offer five to six gut - loaded feeder insects per meal . i generally feed my chameleons twice a week , and i allow the feeder insects to roam the cage freely . this forces chameleons to use their hunting abilities and keep their tongues strong . dish feeding is also an option , but there is a higher risk of tongue damage when using a dish .
the time period for actual mating can vary from a few minutes to more than an hour . the carpet chameleons should not be disturbed during this time . after mating has taken place , the pair pulls apart , and the female usually tries to escape the vicinity of the male . remove the female , place her in her enclosure , offer food and water , and let her relax . if the female doesn’t show signs of being gravid , try mating her again .
if you intend to breed carpet chameleons ( furcifer [ chamaeleo ] lateralis ssp . ) , please purchase only unrelated animals . some species are represented by very small gene pools , and extra effort must be made to keep these animals genetically divergent and pure to avoid genetic depression and hybridization . captive - bred or wild - caught furcifer lateralis subspecies mature and breed at the early age of 8 to 12 months , and they are subsequently gravid for the rest of their reproductive lives .
the chameleon is a very popular type of lizard due to the fact that it has the ability to change colors based on their mood . this also allows them to blend into the surroundings for safety . other factors influence color too including mating season and even the temperature around them .
the mating season for the chameleon can vary based on the time of year and the location of them . the sub species that is being evaluated will also influence that period of time . all chameleons lay eggs and that typically will occur in four weeks or less after mating takes place .
many people think chameleons change colour to blend in with their surroundings . scientists disagree . their studies show that light , temperature and mood cause chameleons to change colour . sometimes changing colour can make the chameleon more comfortabl . sometimes it helps the animal communicate with other chameleons . [ source ]
there aren’t many chameleons who can make their whole body red , but several types of panther chameleon display some red in their pattern . one exception is male panther chameleons from the east coast of madagascar , notably those from tamatave , who display bright red or orange coloration over their entire body .
chameleon owners need to be prepared to spend not only time on this creature but also money . the lizard is normally the most inexpensive part of startup costs . hidden costs include parasite checks , possible treatment , follow - up fecal checks , possible blood work , tests for bacterial infections and other expenses .
any animal that can change colours and look in two directions at once is worth learning more about . armed with a tongue you have to see to believe , the chameleon may be one of the coolest reptiles on the planet . here are ten things you may not have known about our lizard friend .
chameleons are famous for changing colors . they don’t do it to camouflage themselves , as is commonly thought ; they change color in response to temperature , stress level , reproductive state and mood . male chameleons are usually more boldly colored than females and usually display their most intense colors when confronted by another chameleon .
even when you are familiar with the various locations where the chameleon you may not see them . they do blend in exceptionally well to their surroundings . as a result you will have to try to focus on a given area and be patient to wait to see if you can make out the shape of one of them .
i have had much better luck breeding and maintaining healthier captive animals with a humidity higher than 70 percent . if humidity in the enclosure drops below 70 percent , a weekly deep hydration is necessary . even with a humidifier present i prefer this shower method . gently place the chameleon on a clothes - drying rack or plant in the shower stall . turn the shower on so a light , lukewarm rain falls on the chameleon for 30 to 60 minutes . in drier climates the shower method may be used twice a week or more . outdoor enclosures can be fitted with automatic mister systems , which reduce the risk of dehydration and make watering easier for the lizardkeeper .
chameleons are loners . in fact , most of the time females don ' t want males to even come near them . during the rare moments when the female is willing to be touched , the male will approach for mating . a brighter colored male chameleon is more likely to convince a female to mate than a duller colored male .
breeding only the strongest and healthiest chameleons adds to the future strength of the gene pool . all subspecies of f . lateralis are avid breeders . in my experience , once sexual maturity is reached , female carpet chameleons have produced a clutch every six to eight weeks . maturity can occur as early as 2 or 3 months of age . once bred , females lay between five and 20 eggs depending on the subspecies . generally larger subspecies produce more eggs than the smaller ones . eggs hatch in as few as five to seven months . they can produce upwards of 200 eggs in a lifetime .
the most obvious motive ( even if not the most important ) is camouflage . even if the standard coloration of most chameleon species is cryptic enough , in case of necessity chameleons are able to blend in even more with their surroundings . this helps them not to be detected by their prey , but mainly to go unnoticed by their predators .
the chameleon has a body that is wide and appears to be puffed up . they have a head that is narrow so you can see their shoulders from the front . they have wide eyes on the sides of the head and a tongue that is wide and long . they move from side to side when they walk with a gait that appears to be quite awkward .
this species , as with most other chameleon species , is strictly diurnal . they generally spend the early part of the day warming up their bodies by assuming a very dark coloration and exposing as much surface area as possible to sunlight . after they have reached the desired body temperature , they begin hunting for prey , an activity which usually lasts for the rest of the daylight hours .
5 . ballistic tongues that are 1 . 5 - 2 times the length of their body . chameleons feed by ballistically projecting their long tongue from their mouth to capture prey located some distance away . while the chameleon’s tongue is typically thought to be 1 . 5 to 2 times the length of their body ( their length excluding the tail ) , it has been recently discovered that smaller chameleons have proportionately larger tongue apparatuses than their larger counterparts . tongue projection occurs at extremely high performance , reaching the prey in as little as 0 . 07 seconds , having been launched at accelerations exceeding 41 g . the chameleon tongue’s tip is a bulbous ball of muscle , and as it hits its prey it rapidly forms a small suction cup . [ source 1 , source 2 ]
may contain chameleons in small terrariums . the main thing that creature felt roomy , comfortable . the bottom is littered with a thick ball of a special substrate . since the heat - loving animals , it requires special care . above the house your pet arrange lamps with ultraviolet radiation . daytime temperature should be about twenty - five degrees , the lamp can not use at night . daily moisturize the air in the terrarium . sprinkling the bottom wall of the water drops . this procedure is recommended in the morning . as feed , use of cockroaches , beetles . they also eat green food ( spinach , lettuce , dandelion leaves ) . insects can be purchased at a pet store . carpet chameleon eats a lot . so feed him every day . drink animals ordinary water . at the bottom of the cage , place a sustainable capacity in water . but as chameleons do not like to drink , you need to water them occasionally violently . the main thing is not to overdo . in the mouth , pour a few drops . for ease of use the syringe , pipette .
3 . chameleon eyes have a 360 - degree arc of vision and can see two directions at once . chameleons have the most distinctive eyes of any reptile . their upper and lower eyelids are joined , with only a pinhole large enough for the pupil to see through . they can rotate and focus separately to observe two different objects simultaneously , which lets their eyes move independently from each other .
the tongue is another interesting feature of the chameleon . the tip of their tongue is covered with a sticky secretion that grabs its prey . they can
shoot out
their long tongue ( which can be as long as their body ) and have their prey in their mouth in a fraction of a second ( faster than what the human eye can see ) . they can repeat this action immediately afterwards .
chameleons live in madagascar , africa , spain , portugal and asia in rain forests , savannas , semi - deserts and steppes , according to the san diego zoo . they typically stay in trees or bushes , though some species do live on the ground . for example , the horned leaf chameleon lives in dead leaves on forest floors according to the national wildlife federation . [ photos : 11 colorful chameleons of madagascar ]
no matter what species , chameleons become mature at 1 to 2 years of age . the exception is the madagascan chameleon . it has been labeled as the vertebrate with the world ' s shortest life span , according to encyclopedia britannica . their eggs hatch in november , the young become adults in january , they lay eggs in february , and then the entire adult population perishes after a lifespan of just three months .
a gravid female chameleon that does not like to be in the proximity of an amorous male usually exhibits unreceptive coloration , which is different from her normal resting colors . this beautiful display of color announces to the male that female does not want anything to do with him . yet some males will try to mount anyway , so to prevent unnecessary stress , it is advisable to remove a gravid female after mating has taken place .
carefully dig up the chameleon eggs , and place them in a plastic container with a sealed lid for incubation . i use a tupperware cupcake container without holes . the container should be filled halfway with damp vermiculite purchased at a garden center . mix in enough water so when it’s squeezed , a few droplets dribble off . too much water drowns the eggs . place eggs in rows 1 inch apart and half - buried in vermiculite .
although i believe chameleons should be in natural sunlight as much as possible , an indoor environment is fine for most animals . they require a full - spectrum fluorescent light and a heat dome light . i position the dome light so the highest point the chameleon can reach is no more than 90 degrees fahrenheit . ambient temperatures can range from 70 to 80 degrees . chameleons should not be able to touch bulbs , or burns can result .
chameleons are different from many reptiles because some of the species , like the jackson’s chameleon , have live births . these species can give birth to eight to 30 young at one time after a gestation of four to six months . while the young are born live instead of in an egg , they started as an egg . these mothers incubate the eggs , minus a shell , inside of her body instead of laying them in a nest .
is almost entirely insectivorous , and prefers insects which normally reside in trees or shrubs . these include most flies , grasshoppers and crickets , and various insect larvae . adult specimens are also known to consume very small lizards and even small newborn rodents ( in captivity ) . this species hunts for food in the typical chameleon style of slowly creeping through tree or shrub branches , using its excellent eyesight to spot insects . as the desired prey is selected ,
the chameleon tends to be a timid type of lizard and they will retreat rather than fight when they can . they are often kept as pets due to their calm nature and the fact that they can amazingly change colors . however , they can be tough to care for because they need the right balance of food , heat , and places to climb in order to really thrive . they are believed to be a very intelligent species of lizard .
also watch them for signs of overheating while in direct sunlight . chameleons showing dark green or solid black are basking . blanching , turning very light green , yellow or even white , indicates that the animal should be removed from the sun and given shade and water . a trip to the shower for “deep hydration , ” a watering method i discuss later , is a good idea for any chameleon found overheated , blanched or panting with an open mouth .
the main function of chameleons colour change is intraspecific communication . chameleons use different colour patterns known as liveries in some countries , which are changed in order to transmit information to other individuals of their same species like their stress degree , their reproductive or health status , etc… a chameleon’s standard coloration is usually similar to that of their habitat . so , this colour pattern usually indicates a healthy animal , while if they feel sick or have some physical problem , they usually present paler and duller colorations .
a total of 129 individuals belonging to furcifer oustaleti ( n = 89 ) and furcifer verrucosus ( n = 40 ) , collected between 1990 and 2012 , were included for analysis . the closely related species furcifer labordi , furcifer major , and furcifer antimena were included to test the sister species relationship of f . verrucosus and f . oustaleti [ 1 , 2 , 5 ] . furcifer campani was used as the furcifer outgroup taxon to root all phylogenetic trees . the following chameleon species were also included in the species tree analysis to estimate divergence dates : chamaeleo namaquensis , chamaeleo chamaeleon , furcifer cephalolepis , and furcifer polleni . these species are distantly related to the ingroup taxa , and were only included to allow for the fossil calibration in the divergence dating analysis .
another in the too - long list of chameleons which avoided having its picture taken . i guess i ' ll just have to go back to madagascar soon .
i went back , and i got pictures , just as promised . not exactly
soon
though .
these chameleons vary in appearance from beautiful greens and yellows to outrageously colorful patterns . this species does well in degraded habitat and is considered a
follower of civilization
.
here is a list of all the reptiles and frogs i saw on this trip to madagascar .
abate , a . , and abate , e . 2004 . the chameleons of madagascar ( dvd )
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
syntypes : bmnh 1946 . 8 . 22 . 12 - 13 ( 2 specimens ) . holotype : mnhn = mhnp 1921 . 269 ( lambertoni )
subspecies : florio et al . 2012 elevated f . l . major to species status without providing much detail . however , they do state that “brygoo’s ( 1971 ) description of f . lateralis major from tanandava , south - western madagascar , closely corresponds with the morphology of the southern group recovered in our study . these individuals have higher head casques and have a larger svl . ” klaver & böhme 1997 listed major as a synonym of f . lateralis .
andrews , r . m . , brandley , m . c . and greene , v . w . 2013 . developmental sequences of squamate reptiles are taxon specific . evolution & development , 15 : 326–343 . doi : 10 . 1111 / ede . 12042 - get paper here
angel , f . 1921 . contribution à l´étude des chamaeleons de madagascar . bull . mus . nat . hist . nat . , paris 27 ( 5 - 6 ) : 328 - 331 , 406 - 412 . - get paper here
barbour , thomas 1918 . vertebrata from madagascar . 2 . amphibia and reptilia . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard 61 ( 14 ) : 479 - 489 . - get paper here
böhle , a . 2004 . eine reise durch das madagassische hochland . draco 5 ( 19 ) : 82 - 86 - get paper here
boumans , louis ; david r . vieites , frank glaw and miguel vences 2007 . geographical patterns of deep mitochondrial differentiation in widespread malagasy reptiles . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 45 ( 3 ) : 822 - 839 - get paper here
brygoo , e . r . 1971 . reptiles sauriens chamaeleonidae . genre chamaeleo . faune de madagascar , orstom et cnrs , paris 33 : 1 - 318 .
d ' cruze , neil ; annette olsonn , david henson , sunil kumar , and david emmett . 2009 . the amphibians and reptiles of the lower onilahy river valley , a temporary protected area in southwest madagascar . herp . cons . biol . 4 : 62 - 79 - get paper here
duméril , a . m . c . and g . bibron . 1836 . erpetologie générale ou histoire naturelle complete des reptiles . vol . 3 . libr . encyclopédique roret , paris , 528 pp . - get paper here
gehring , p . s . & witte , k . 2007 . ultraviolet reflectance in malagasy chameleons of the genus furcifer ( squamata : chamaeleonidae ) . salamandra 43 ( 1 ) : 43 - 48 - get paper here
glaw , f . & vences , m . 1994 . a fieldguide to the amphibians and reptiles of madagascar . vences & glaw verlag , köln ( isbn 3 - 929449 - 01 - 3 )
glaw , f . 2015 . taxonomic checklist of chameleons ( squamata : chamaeleonidae ) . vertebrate zoology 65 ( 2 ) : 167–246 - get paper here
gray , j . e . 1831 . a synopsis of the species of class reptilia . in : griffith , e & e . pidgeon : the animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the baron cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hither named , and of many before noticed [ v whittaker , treacher and co . , london : 481 + 110 pp . [ 1830 ]
gray , j . e . 1845 . catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the british museum . trustees of die british museum / edward newman , london : xxvii + 289 pp . - get paper here
gray , j . e . 1865 . revision of the genera and species of chamaeleonidae , with the description of some new species . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 15 : 340 - 354 - get paper here
krüger , jens 1999 . neue erkenntnisse zur faunistik einiger reptilien madagaskars . salamandra 35 ( 2 ) : 65 - 76 - get paper here
leptien , r . 2003 . getting started keeping chameleons . reptilia ( gb ) ( 26 ) : 11 - 14 - get paper here
lutzmann , n . ; kremer , g . ; van steendam , n . & flamme , a . 2004 . auf chamäleonsuche entlang der route national 2 von antananarivo bis an die ostküste bei ambila - lemaitso . [ madagascar ] . draco 5 ( 19 ) : 50 - - 55 - get paper here
necas , p . 2012 . im porträt : das teppichchamäleon , furcifer lateralis . reptilia ( münster ) 17 ( 95 ) : 34 - 37 - get paper here
necas , petr 1999 . chameleons - nature ' s hidden jewels . edition chimaira , frankfurt ; 348 pp . ; isbn 3 - 930612 - 04 - 6 ( europe ) < br / > isbn 1 - 57524 - 137 - 4 ( usa , canada )
neukirch , k . 2003 . versuche zur auswirkung verschiedener parameter bei der aufzucht von furcifer pardalis ( cuvier 1829 ) . chamaeleo 13 ( 2 ) : 5 - 9 . - get paper here
raxworthy , c . j . ; enrique martinez - meyer ; ned horning ; ronald a . nussbaum ; gregory e . schneider ; miguel a . ortega - huerta & a . townsend peterson 2003 . predicting distributions of known and unknown reptile species in madagascar . nature 426 : 837 - 841
rusch , d . 2003 . erfahrungen mit furcifer lateralis . chamaeleo 13 ( 1 ) : 19 . - get paper here
schmidt , w . 1985 . chamaeleo lateralis gray , 1831 . sauria 7 ( 4 ) suppl . : 025–026 - get paper here
schmidt , w . 1986 . über die haltung und zucht von chamaeleo lateralis ( gray , 1831 ) . salamandra 22 ( 1 ) : 105 - 112 - get paper here
schmidt , w . 1988 . zeitigungsversuche mit eiern des madagassischen chamäleons furcifer lateralis ( gray , 1831 ) ( sauria : chamaeleonidae ) . salamandra 24 ( 2 - 3 ) : 182 - 183 - get paper here
schmidt , w . 2001 . haltung und zucht von furcifer lateralis in mehreren generationen . mitteilungsblatt ag chamäleons 22 : 9 - 10 - get paper here
schmidt , w . ; tamm , k . & wallikewitz , e . 2010 . chamäleons - drachen unserer zeit . natur und tier verlag , 328 pp . [ review in reptilia 101 : 64 , 2013 ] - get paper here
van beest , piet 2004 . herpetologische waarnemingen op madagascar - deel 1 . lacerta 62 ( 2 ) : 48 - 55 - get paper here
van hoof , j . et al . 2006 . kameleons , een fascinerende hobby . lacerta 64 ( 5 - 6 ) : 1 - 96 - get paper here
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
this species has not yet been classified by the iucn and is listed on appendix ii of cites ( 2 ) .
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one of the things that attract people to chameleons is their ability to change color . contrary to popular belief , chameleons do not change color to match the exact color of their surroundings . instead , their color changes reflect fluctuations in temperature and emotion , and these remarkably swift changes are believed to occur from a shift in hormones or a reaction by the nervous system .
a male furcifer lateralis lateralis ( pictured ) is less ornate than a female of the subspecies . .