" elachista " cataptila is a moth with an unclear taxonomic position .

it was described by meyrick in 1897 .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from western australia .

the wingspan is 7-8 mm .

the forewings are grey-whitish , irrorated with black or dark grey .

there is an ill-defined blackish discal streak from the base to near the middle .

the plical and second discal stigmata are black .

the hindwings are grey .

elachista cataptila

elachista ( elachista ) abiskoella ( bengtsson , 1977 ) = biselachista abiskoella ( bengtsson , 1977 ) .
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the caterpillars of this family are small , only growing to a length of about 1 cm . the caterpillars are miners , burrowing into the stems and leaves of grasses (
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- realencyclopädie der cl * * * * ischen altertumswissenschaft . band v , halbbände 9 - 10 ,
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phylogeny and classification of the elachistidae s . s . ( lepidoptera : gelechioidea )
systematic entomology ( 1999 ) 24 , 139–169 phylogeny and classification of the elachistidae s . s . ( lepidoptera : gelechioidea ) l a u r i k a i l a finnish museum of natural…
molecular phylogeny , classification , evolution , and . . . pub . phylogeny , classification , . . . molecular phylogeny , classification , evolution , and detection of pestiviruses . . . . gtr general time reversible


theretra lycetus , the white-edged hunter hawkmoth , is a moth of the family sphingidae .

it is known from south-east asia , including malaysia , thailand , india , sri lanka and indonesia .

theretra lycetus

theretra lycetus is not as common on the t . oldenlandiae for your location , but the pink suffusion supports this idea . see below for a picture :
as mattdmo suggested , this is a hawk moth . given your location and season , this is why i thought it was either the impatiens hawkmoth ( theretra oldenlandiae ) or the white - edged hunter hawkmoth ( theretra lycetus ) . and finally , why i now think it is the brown - banded hunter ( theretra silhetensis ) .
ed note : august 26 , 2011 after an exchange of comments , we now agree that this is not a yam hawkmoth , but the closely related theretra lycetus from the same genus .
{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . theretra lycetus cramer , 1775 . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 10 , 2018 ] .
almost positive it ' s the impatiens hawkmoth , ( theretra oldenlandiae ) , which is common in india . site for reference
when it comes down to it , that solid single white line is the biggest indicator it is a t . silhetensis over a t . oldenlandiae or t . lycetus .
theretra oldenlandiae was my original instinct , since it is a more common in your area and the banding / stripe pattern matches to a t .
superficially similar to hippotion geryon but immediately distinguishable by the shape of the pale postmedian band and crenulated forewing outer margin . distinguished from centroctena imitans by the broader forewing , with a less crenulated and angulate outer margin with the tooth on m2 the same size as that on m1 . forewing upperside with postmedian lines much more strongly undulate between the apex and m3 than in centroctena imitans uncus rather narrow and obviously curved , apically slightly sinuate . gnathos apically rounded . valve with about 12 large stridulatory scales . harpe a long , slender , horizontal , cylindrical process , slightly upcurved apically . aedeagus superficially similar to theretra clotho group in having a large patch of erect , somewhat curved , deciduous spines , their tips pointing distad ; differing , however , in the spines being curved ( not straight ) and having only a single point , rather than multiple ( caltrops ) points sterigma similar to theretra lycetus , but more triangular . ostium bursae asymmetrical , but not so prominent as in theretra lycetus
the theretra silhetensis exhibits a solid white line along the upperside of its abdomen , and more of a faded banding pattern on the forethat corresponds with your picture . these moths are also common in india .
theretra oldenlandiae , the impatiens hawkmoth or taro hornworm , is a member of the family sphingidae found in india , sri lanka , china , borneo , japan , the philippines , thailand , and australia .
wingspan : 70 - - 90mm . immediately distinguishable from all other species of theretra by the white forewing costa and discal spot , and a narrow white dorsal line restricted to the thorax . forewing upperside purplish - brown with only serrate postmedian line clearly visible ; discal spot a small white dot ; costa highlighted with white . hindwing upperside orange with a slightly darker , diffuse marginal band . head and thorax chestnut - brown ; thorax with a white dorsal stripe and a similar lateral stripe from tip of palpus to end of thorax ; abdomen with first two segments chestnut - brown , rest brownish - pink , paler on the sides . opening at apex of labial palp segment one partly covered by single long scales from the first and second segments ( as in theretra castanea ) . thorax with a white medial line . forebasitarsus with external row of spines doubled and trebled .
theretra oldenlandiae oldenlandiae ( from sri lanka and southern india north to northern pakistan , northern afghanistan , nepal , bhutan and myanmar . then northeastwards through china to taiwan , south korea and japan , and then southeastwards through south east asia as far as the andaman islands , the solomon islands and the philippines . strongly migratory northward to northeastern china ( heilongjiang , liaoning and jilin ) , eastern russia ( primorskiy kray ) and northern japan )
larval hostplants . recorded in china only on aporosa octandra , from both guangdong ( mell , 1922b - - as aporosa leptostachys ) and hong kong ( waring et al . , 1994 - - as aporosa chinensis ) . in india and burma / myanmar theretra pallicosta also feeds on species of aporosa ( fellowes - manson , 1909 ; bell & scott , 1937 ) , while in pakistan it has been recorded on vitis ( fletcher , 1920 ) . a record from camellia sinensis in india ( andrews , 1921 ) is erroneous .
the species differs from lycetus in being greyish brown without pink suffusion and the two dorsal lines on abdomen silvery white . there are also oblique stripes on forewing and the sides of abdomen is ochreous , not golden . hindwing with the submarginal band ochreous and narrow . larva is pale purplish brown in color . there is a yellow subdorsal line and white spots with a pale lateral line below them on the thoracic somites . black - ringed ocelli can be seen on 4th to 10th somites , where the first two centered with blue , and posterior with purple . in the early instars , posterior ocelli are centered with crimson color with dorsal bands of yellow specks . the species is found in open lowland habitats .
chaerocampa pallicosta walker , 1856 , list specimens lepid . insects colln br . mus . 8 : 145 . type locality : [ bangladesh , ] silhet [ sylhet ] ; [ china , ] hong kong .
in the male genitalia , uncus weakly sinuate . gnathos rather narrow , pointed . valve with about ten large stridulatory scales . harpe long , slender , horizontal , apex rounded in dorsal view , flattened . aedeagus with apical edge dorsally rounded - produced , symmetrical ; on left and right sides are dentate processes pointing anteriorly , the left more slender and slightly longer than the right .
according to bell & scott ( 1937 ) , in southern india the moth does not emerge and lay its eggs till the monsoon is well established , about july , but in myanmar ( burma ) eggs and larvae were found before the end of april . they did not see the moth feeding or come to light .
china : iii - xi ( hong kong ) ; v ( yunnan ) ; vii ( xizang / tibet ) .
ovum : green , oval , surface smooth and shiny . usually found on small bushy plants , close to the ground , and even on seedlings with only a few leaves showing above the ground ( bell & scott , 1937 ) .
larva : full - fed 60 - - 85mm , width 12mm , horn 5mm . according to bell & scott ( 1937 ) , in the first instar head and body yellowish - green , dorsum of segments 2 to 4 dark green ; horn long , thick at base , tapering gently to a strongly bifid tip , the two arms thick at base and shortly conical , shiny black with small black tubercles . towards the end of this instar the whole body becomes pale grass - green . there are dorso - lateral eye - spots on segments 5 to 11 , that on 5 large , round , white with a crescent of black below ; these decreasing in size backwards , the white reduced in size in each successive eye - spot until it has disappeared altogether on that of 11 .
in the second instar , head orange , and an orange band along front margin of 2 ; rest of body yellowish - green . eye - spot on 5 nearly round , pupil enamel - white with a narrow crescent of purple below , the whole edged fairly broadly above and below , narrowly at sides , with black . remaining eye - spots smaller , longitudinally oval , colour the same as that on 5 , but the white pupil oval and oblique ( bell & scott , 1937 ) .
in the third instar , segments 4 and 5 slightly tumid ; head grass - green ; body bluish - green dotted obscurely with yellow on 6 to 12 . there is a narrow , obscure , dark bluish - green dorsal stripe , and a faint - yellowish subdorsal stripe on 3 and 4 . a large round eye - spot is present on 5 , its pupil sap - green with broad yellow iris edged narrowly with dark green ; the pupil bears a longitudinal oval marking of electric - blue edged narrowly with paler blue , and within the yellow iris are two crescents , one at the top of electric - blue , and a purple one at the bottom . remaining eye - spots smaller , oval , the oblique , very pale blue pupil edged narrowly above with dark green , below by a purple crescent and then dark green . these eye - spots lying on obscure pale yellowish oblique stripes . horn long , thin , tapering gently to near tip where it thickens slightly to a bifid tip , the two arms shortly conical ( bell & scott , 1937 ) .
by the fourth instar segments 4 and 5 much swollen ; head grass - green ; body pale grass - green covered with a chalk - like bloom , segments 6 to 11 with short thick grass - green stripes around the secondary rings ; a narrow dark green dorsal stripe is present . eye - spot on 5 large , nearly round , coloured as in the third instar , but the pupil of a darker shade ; other eye - spots smaller , elongate - oval , very oblique , lying at the same angle as the oblique lateral stripes , pale yellow with a crescent of purple below , the whole edged narrowly above and below with sap - green . the obscure yellowish oblique lateral stripes are interrupted by the oblique eye - spots , except that on 11 and 12 , which runs forwards and downwards from base of horn . horn long , thick at base , tapering evenly to tip , which is slightly , thickened ; basal two - thirds straight , distal third gently up - curved ; basal third orange , rest translucent pale green , surface shiny and covered with self - coloured , spine - like tubercles .
in the fifth and final instar , head with vertex depressed ; true clypeus between one - third and one - half length of head , triangular ; false clypeus hardly visible ; labrum and ligula large , ligula broad kidney - shaped ; surface of head smooth and dull . body smooth and dull , shaped as in others of the genus , with segment 5 much swollen . horn short , tapering gently to near tip , then abruptly to a blunt point , gently down - curved ; surface dull and sparsely tuberculate ( bell & scott , 1937 ) .
there are also dark - coloured forms of the larva in which the green is replaced by pinkish - chocolate and dark chocolate , or by purplish ; the eye - spots are as above but darker in shade ; those on 6 to 11 sometimes indistinct ; horn brown with yellowish tip ; spiracles fuscous with a broad border of pale dull ochreous .
as with the eggs , the larva is also found close to the ground or among the thicker parts of the foliage , near the stem ( bell & scott , 1937 ) .
pupa : 45 - - 60mm , width 13mm . colour of head , tongue - case and wing - case nearly black ; segments 2 and 3 dark wood - brown , 3 and dorsum of abdomen paler wood - brown . abdomen with a broad faint greenish dorsal stripe . sides bone - colour mottled and speckled with brown ; hind bevels of 8 to 10 greenish ; front bevels of 9 to 11 rusty ; 12 to 14 blackish ventrally , 13 and 14 also blackish dorsally ; venter pale with a narrow black ventral stripe ; spiracles and cremaster black , the tips of the teeth white ( bell & scott , 1937 ) .
tongue - case projecting somewhat frontad and more ventrad , the edge flattened . antenna equal to fore leg , which reaches to more than one - half the distance to tip of wing - case , mid - leg to three - quarters that distance ; there is a narrow coxal piece . surface dull ; sides of tongue - case , head and thorax coarsely irregularly transversely corrugate ; with a very shallow palpal depression . costa of fore wing tumid and , together with the veins , set with lines of rounded tubercles . abdomen finely shagreened ; front bevels of 9 to 11 superficially pitted ; five narrow ante - spiracular ridges on 9 ; hind margin of 11 tumid and undercut , the front margin of 12 fitting into it telescopically . spiracle of 2 at the bottom of a very deep triangular depression ; remaining spiracles slightly convex ovals , the central slit widening at the ends and with a thick rim ( bell & scott , 1937 ) .
cremaster with the sides nearly parallel in basal half , then curving inwards , ending in two conical simply pointed diverging teeth , their bases touching ; dorsal surface convex and coarsely striate , ventral concave with an irregular mesial ridge . under the base of cremaster a deep funnel - shaped depression running forwards into 14 , the surface of the hollow very rugose .
in thailand , also recorded from polyalthia cerasoides ( eitschberger & ihle , 2010 ) .
china : shaanxi ( xi ' an ) ; yunnan ( changning co . , songzhishanding , 2800m ; gaoligong shan ) ; xizang / tibet ( xiachayu , zayu county ) ; fujian ( jianyang ) ; guangdong ( guangzhou ; nankunshan ) ; hong kong ; hainan .
from sri lanka and india , east through nepal ( haruta , 1992 ) , bangladesh and burma / myanmar to hong kong and taiwan , and south through thailand , laos and vietnam to peninsular malaysia and indonesia ( sumatra , java ) . the shaanxi record is well north of the rest of the known range of this species and probably represents a vagrant .
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shubhalaxmi , v , r c kendrick , alka vaidya , neelima kalagi , and alaka bhagwat . 2011 . inventory of moth fauna ( lepidoptera : heterocera ) of the northern western ghats , maharashtra , india . journal of the bombay … 108 , no . 3 : 183 - 205 . urltoken
enumerates geographic entities where the taxon lives . covers ranges , e . g . , a global range , or a narrower one ; may be biogeographical , political or other ( e . g . , managed areas like conservencies ) ; endemism ; native or exotic . does not include altitudinal distribution , which is covered under habitat .
inventory of moth fauna ( lepidoptera : heterocera ) of the northern western ghats , maharashtra , india .
notes on hawk moths ( lepidoptera — sphingidae ) in the karwar - dharwar transect , peninsular india : a . . .
a list of hawkmoth species ( lepidoptera : sphingidae ) of india , nepal , bhutan and sri lanka , incl . . .
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mell , r . 1922 , pp . xxii + 331 pp . , atlas 35 pls , 10 figs , 1 map , r . friedlander & son , berlin
walker , f . 1856 ,
sphingidae
, list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum , vol . 8 , pp . 1 - 271
butler , a . g . 1875 ,
descriptions of thirty - three new or little - known species of sphingidae in the collection of the british museum
, proceedings of the zoological society of london , vol . 1875 , pp . 3 - 16 , pls 1 - 2
austaut , l . 1892 ,
deux sphingides nouveaux de l ' asie orientale
, le naturaliste , vol . 1892 , pp . 68 , 69
butler , a . g . 1875 ,
descriptions of several new species of sphingidae
, proceedings of the zoological society of london , vol . 621 - 623
gehlen , b . 1941 ,
neue sphingiden
, entomologische zeitschrift , vol . 55 , no . 23 , pp . 185 - 186
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 49e4e523 - 4d71 - 4a1b - b1b8 - 1628d0f3d2f6
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 6e219979 - 6cbe - 45b8 - 8dc1 - d7e4e45db884
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : f9f3295c - 092b - 42a3 - 8703 - 237b21ae687c
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 405572
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transferred to centroctena by rothschild & jordan , 1903 , novit . zool . 9 ( suppl . ) : 790
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it is approx 1 . 5 inch ( 3 cm to 4 . 5 cm ) long
just few hours ago ( around night 10 to 10 . 30 pm local time ) , this insect entered into our home , flying in high - speed and hitting to wall , objects , and to us . to keep it calm we turned the room - light off . then it became steady on my father ' s shirt even after the light again turned on , and it was a beautiful moth - like insect . after taking photo it gently freed out of the room .
p . s . i ' ve very very little - experience in practical - zoology , however after few hours google search it seems to match with those moths tagged as
hawk - moths
, and another notable feature when it was flying it looked like a hummingbird or a small bird , that was written in the description of some
hawk - moths
in different sites . initially we ' re taking time to decide whether it is an insect or a bird .
it looks like urltoken urltoken , ; urltoken , urltoken , and urltoken . etc .
if i able to identify it by someone , i ' ll upload it here . thanks .
it is differs from t . oldenlandiae in being very much paler in color and with white line down center of abdomen .
while my final answer is the brown - banded hunter hawkmoth , below are the original two species i suspected it was and why . i ' ve included them below simply for reference / alternative comparisons .
your specimen exhibits pink suffusion , especially on the back edge of the fore wing .
for these two reasons i think it is not the impatiens hawkmoth and thought it was more likely the . . .
this still doesn ' t explain the double vs . single white stripe along the upper abdomen . which is why i know believe it is the . . .
as an aside , this could be an example of polymorphism vs . identifying characters . welcome to the world of taxonomic lumpers and splitters . . .
thanks . also i don ' t know , how - frequent posting of identification question is considered as ok , ( i . e . is there any limit on it ) in this se community , however i posted this - one because this - insect was very surprising to us . . . it looked like a tiny bird when it was flying .
no problem at all . i think as long as you do not spam posts you should be in the clear ( although i ' m not the final say in the matter ) . as for confusing a moth for a bird , you aren ' t the first one ! this moth in the same sphingidae family was posted just last week ! and thank you to your post ! very clear picture of the moth with a good explanation
this page gave me the clue , and the link to the page above . like i said , i ' m not an entomologist : )
probably this one you ' re telling about urltoken . however our - one contains very bold long mark on back . however like our - one , yours also contain the black dot on 2 wings .
@ dgruenewald i think you ' re right . go ahead and write up an answer .
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need help to identify a bug location : bangalore , india august 22 , 2011 7 : 39 am i took snaps of this bug which was sitting on my terrace . i found the shape of the wing very interesting , so i would appreciate if you could help me identifying this . signature : rajesh ranjan
my friend’s moth looking very smiliar posted on inw was identified by dr . ian kitching , nhm , uk urltoken
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they are often considered a pest on both busy lizzie ( impatiens wallerana ) and fuchsias ( fuchsia sp . ) . caterpillars of this species have also been seen feeding on arum lily ( zantedeschia aethiopica ) , argentine trumpet vine ( clytostoma callistegioides ) , climbing guinea flower ( hibbertia scandens ) , billy goat plum ( planchonia careya ) , godetia ( clarkia amoena ) , star cluster ( pentas lanceolata ) , australian native violet ( viola hederacea ) and slender grape ( cayratia clematidea ) . the larvae are black with yellow dots , they have a small spine on their tails and use it as a mimicked head . before pupating the caterpillar will reach a length of about 70 mm .
the adult is brown with light brown stripes down the thorax . the stripes are mimicked on the inner margin of the forewing .


calliphara nobilis is a species of insect in the family scutelleridae ( hemiptera ) .

the larvae live exclusively on the mangrove excoecaria algallocha , feeding on the developing seeds .

adults are 10 – 15 millimetres ( 0.4 – 0.6 in ) long .

calliphara nobilis

a jewel bug called calliphara nobilis . | bugs | pinterest | insects , moth and reptiles
shield / stink bug ( calliphara nobilis ) ng , peter k . l . & n . sivasothi , 1999 . a guide to the mangroves of singapore ii ( animal diversity ) . singapore science centre . 168 pp .
shield / stink bug calliphara nobilis family pentatomidae adult length : 15 mm larvae are found only on excoecaria agallocha , feeding on developing seeds , but adults can be abundant in gregarious swarms beneath any large leaves ( e . g . , rhizophora spp . ) and disperse with a loud buzzing when disturbed . < < back to insects
the most conspicuous jewel bugs are often brilliantly colored , exhibiting a wide range of iridescent metallic hues that change with the view angle . the colors are the result of a combination of factors . some species like chrsyocoris stockerus and scutellera nobilis display colors from multiple thin layers of pigmented chitin .
though some species are quite drab , the most conspicuous jewel bugs are often brilliantly colored , exhibiting a wide range of iridescent metallic hues that change with the view angle . the colors are the result of a combination of factors . some species like chrsyocoris stockerus and scutellera nobilis display colors from multiple thin layers of pigmented chitin . the colors often change or become duller when the specimens are dried , due to the topmost chitinous layer becoming opaque and obscuring the colors of the bottom layer . the colors can be restored by moistening the surfaces with water .
they are commonly known as jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs due to their often brilliant coloration . they are also known as shield - backed bugs due to the enlargement of the last section of their thorax into a continuous shield over the abdomen and wings . these insects feed on plant juices from a variety of different species , including some commercial crops . like stink bugs , a vast majority of jewel bugs , both adults and nymphs , are also capable of releasing pungent defensive chemicals from glands located on the sides of the thorax . typical compounds exuded by jewel bugs include alcohols , aldehydes , and esters . nymphs and adults often exhibit clustering behavior , being found in large numbers close to each other . this behavior is thought to have an evolutionary advantage . the more individuals present in an area , the stronger the odour of the chemicals released when the bugs are threatened . if this fails , stink bugs will react to threat by flying away or dropping to the ground . the colors are the result of a combination of factors . some species like chrsyocoris stockerus and scutellera nobilis display colors from multiple thin layers of pigmented chitin . the colors often change or become duller when the specimens are dried , due to the topmost chitinous layer becoming opaque and obscuring the colors of the bottom layer . the colors can be restored by moistening the surfaces with water
from
a guide to mangroves of singapore
, peter k . l . ng and n . sivasothi ( editors ) volume 1 : the ecosystem and plant diversity and volume 2 : animal diversity authors : kelvin k . p . lim , dennis h . murphy , t . morgany , n . sivasothi , peter k . l . ng , b . c . soong , hugh t . w . tan , k . s . tan & t . k . tan bp guide to nature series published by the singapore science centre , sponsored by british petroleum © 2001 raffles museum of biodiversity research , the national university of singapore & the singapore science centre
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a bug found on the fruits of its host plant , blind - your - eye tree ( excoecaria agallocha ) .
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linnaeus , c . 1763 ,
centuria insectorum , quam , praesidae d . d . car . von linne , proposuit boas johansson , calmariensis
guérin - méneville , f . e . 1839 ,
satyrus latreille and procris
, magasin de zoologie ( paris ) , ser . 2 , vol . 1 , pp . 2 fig . 4
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 033f5b39 - cf1e - 4cba - 82ca - d6c0a160f0d7
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 339088
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distribution : in asia , from china and burma , through malaysia and the philippines to borneo . the easternmost limit of its distribution runs through halmahera , sulawesi and flores .
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chrysocoris stollii is a polyphagous species of jewel bugs ( scutelleridae ) common in continental southeast asia .
scutelleridae is a family of true bugs . they are commonly known as jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs due to their often brilliant coloration of which there are around 450 species worldwide
jewel bugs are small to medium - sized oval - shaped bugs with a body length averaging at 5 to 20 mm ( 0 . 20 to 0 . 79 in ) .
jewel bugs are also known to mimic the colors , patterns , and shape of other organisms for defensive purposes .
calcutta ; thacker , spink & co . , w . thacker & co . , 2 creed lane , london , 1909 .
scutelleridae is a family of true bugs . they are commonly known as jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs by afroz jahan prity
jewel bugs are small to medium - sized oval - shaped bugs with a body length averaging at 5 to 20 mm ( 0 . 20 to 0 . 79 in ) . they can easily be distinguished from stink bugs ( pentatomidae ) because the shield - like enlarged last section of their thorax ( known as the scutellum , latin for
little shield
) completely covers the abdomen and the wings .
despite their resemblance to beetles , jewel bugs are hemipterans or true bugs . the scutellum is an extension of the thorax , unlike the elytra of beetles which are hardened forewings . as such , jewel bugs have four membranous wings underneath the scutellum in contrast to two in beetles . [ 6 ] the scutellum in jewel bugs also does not have a division in the middle and thus does not ' split open ' when they take flight like in beetles .
the heads of jewel bugs are triangular and the antennae have three to five segments . like all heteropterans , jewel bugs are characterized by a segmented beak - like mouthpart ( known as the rostrum ) . during feeding , jewel bugs inject proteolytic enzymes in their saliva into plants , digesting plant matter into a liquid form which they then suck up . the tarsus has three segments ( tarsomeres ) .
iridescence ( or goniochromism ) in jewel bugs like poecilocoris lewisi are the result of structural coloration . instead of pigments , the colors are caused by the interference , diffraction , or scattering of light by numerous tiny structures .
in poecilocoris lewisi , multiple tiny conical protuberances around 900 nm in height and averaging at a diameter of 360 nm are scattered on the epicuticle . these structures affect light passing through them , producing their oily - looking blue sheen ( known as the tyndall effect or mie scattering ) .
in other species like the african shield bug ( calidea panaethiopica ) , the dorsal cuticle is dotted with tiny regularly spaced hemispherical cavities . the depressions act like bragg mirrors . when light hits the pitted surface , it gives off multiple reflections resulting in the distinctive two tone yellow - blue iridescence .
the colors and patterns on jewel bugs can vary significantly between instars and even within adults of a species .
jewel bugs are also known to mimic the colors , patterns , and shape of other organisms for defensive purposes . an example is the yellow - spotted black steganocerus multipunctatus which exhibits müllerian mimicry with the tortoise beetle chiridopsis suffriani .
image from page 95 of
rhynchota . .
( 1902 ) by internet archive book images
click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book .
ubescens , walk . op . cit . m , p . 507 ( 1868 ) . bluish - green or indigo - blue ; antenna ? , central lobe of head , anda spot at the area of each eve , six spots on the pronetum arrangedin two transverse series , the posterior largest , ten spots on the scutelium—three basal , themiddle one linear and elon - gated , two before the middle , sometimes attached to thelateral margins and some - times connected , two smalland lateral , sometimes con - nected with the preceding , two a little before apexsometimes connected , andone subapical , —black ; late - ral margins of the pronotumand sternum ( sometimesabsent ) , lateral margins and a central basal discal patch to abdomenirregularly ochraceous or reddish - ochraceous , the basal ochraceousspace generally black - spotted . the transverse impression and theanterior margin to the pronotum are very coarsely punctate . length 13 | to 14 ^ millim . hah . sikhim . north t \ h ; isi hills ( chenneu ) ; xaga hills ( doherti / ) . burma : bhamo , mitanga ( fea ) . —also malay peninsula , java , and china .
please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work .
image from page 96 of
rhynchota . .
( 1902 ) by internet archive book images
the samples were collected from an , ano mie ; hj , honjo saga ; ig , ishigaki okinawa ; hn , hitachinaka ibaraki ; je , joetsu niigata ; ki , kitaibaraki ibaraki ; km , kasama ibaraki ; ks , kagoshima kagoshima ; kz , kanzaki saga ; mk , mashike hokkaido ; mt , mito ibaraki ; nh , naha okinawa ; ob , obihiro hokkaido ; ot , otaru hokkaido ; sm , shimizu kouchi ; sp , sapporo hokkaido ; sw , suwa nagano ; tb , tomobe ibaraki ; tk , tsukuba ibaraki ; tm , tomakomai hokkaido .
infection : a or b single infections , aa , ab or bb double infections or abb triple infection . if multiple individuals were tested for a species , the number infected out of the number tested is indicated in parentheses .
the following numbers of species for each family group were infected : miridae , 2 out of 10 ( 20 % ) ; nabidae , 2 out of 2 ( 100 % ) ; reduviidae , 0 out of 6 ( 0 % ) ; tingidae , 2 out of 3 ( 67 % ) ; aradidae , 0 out of 1 ( 0 % ) ; berytidae , 1 out of 1 ( 100 % ) ; malcidae , 0 out of 1 ( 0 % ) ; lygaeidae , 12 out of 22 ( 55 % ) ; scutelleridae , 0 out of 7 ( 0 % ) ; pentatomidae , 4 out of 30 ( 13 % ) ; largidae , 0 out of 2 ( 0 % ) ; pyrrhocoridae , 1 out of 6 ( 17 % ) ; coreidae , 9 out of 17 ( 53 % ) ; alydidae , 1 out of 3 ( 33 % ) ; rhopalidae , 2 out of 3 ( 67 % ) ; urostylidae , 0 out of 1 ( 0 % ) ; plataspidae , 4 out of 5 ( 80 % ) ; cydnidae , 2 out of 3 ( 67 % ) ; acanthosomatidae , 5 out of 11 ( 45 % ) .
tesarius caelatus ( leconte , 1857 ) syn . : psammodius caelatus ( leconte , 1857 ) | ecology and natural history


the brown-throated wattle-eye ( platysteira cyanea ) , also known as the common wattle-eye or scarlet-spectacled wattle-eye , is a small , insectivorous passerine bird .

the wattle-eyes were previously classed as a subfamily of the old world flycatcher family muscicapidae , but are now usually separated from that group .

this species breeds in west , central and northeast tropical africa .

this common species is found in secondary forest and other woodland areas , including gardens .

the eggs are laid in a small neat lichen and cobweb cup low in a tree or bush .

the adult brown-throated wattle-eye is a stout bird about 14 cm ( 5.5 in ) long .

the breeding male has glossy black upperparts , and white underparts with a neat black breast band .

there is a strong white wingbar , and fleshy red wattles above the eye .

the females are grey-black above , and also have the white wing bar and red wattles .

there is a small patch of white below the bill , and the throat and breast are maroon , separated from the white belly by the black breast band .

young males are washed-out , greyer versions of the female .

these active insect-eating birds are found in pairs or small groups .

the ringing call of the brown-throated wattle-eye is a very characteristic six note doo-dd-dum-di-do-do .

brown - throated wattle - eye

this birds call bears some resemblance to black - throated wattle - eye , though they are not known to intergrade .
few birds are named after the plumage of the female , but brown - throated wattle - eye ( platysteira castanea ) is one of them . the following photo is of a male .
louette , m . ( 2018 ) . brown - throated wattle - eye ( platysteira cyanea ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
13 cm ; 12–17 g . black and white flycatcher - like bird with fleshy red eye wattle and white wingstripe . male nominate has top of head and mantle glossy bluish - black , . . .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be uncommon to common ( urban et al . 1997 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats .
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( statius müller , 1776 ) – senegal e to w central african republic , s to nw angola and nw drcongo ( s approximately to r congo ) .
neumann , 1905 – e central african republic and c & e drcongo ( from lower and middle r congo ) e to s south sudan , w kenya , and nw tanzania including islands in l victoria ( kome , ukerewe ) .
very extensive repertoire . song a series of plaintive ( sometimes descibed as “melodious . . .
array of wooded habitats , including forest clearings ; avoids primary forest , but occurs in sahel . . .
arthropods . many orders of insects recorded , lepidopterans , hymenopterans , termites ( isoptera ) , orthopterans , flies ( diptera ) , bugs ( . . .
seems to nest for much of year in equatorial areas ; adults feeding young and fledglings in jan , mar and jul–aug in cameroon ; . . .
resident , but probably some local seasonal movement in w africa ; more common in gambia during rains . . .
not globally threatened . generally common . in liberia , locally 3–5 singing males / 10 ha . in cameroon , very common across the forest , the adamawa and the benue plain . in . . .
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five males changing perch frequently , flicking their wings , singing and calling around a female hidden inside a bush ( see xc247571 ) . habitat : secondary evergreen forest , garden .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : platysteira cyanea . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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coleophora eremosparti is a moth of the coleophoridae family .

it is found in turkmenistan and southern russia .

the larvae feed on eremosparton flaccidum .

they create a silky case , with oblique sinuous wrinkles and without distinct longitudinal grooves .

the valve is two-sided .

the length of the case is 18 – 23 mm and it is dull or yellowish-white in color .

larvae can be found from may to june .

coleophora eremosparti

coleophora laricella hübner , 1817 = protocryptis laricella ( hubner , [ 1817 ] ) = tinea laricella hübner , [ 1817 ] = phalaena tortix ( ornix ) laricinella ratzeburg , 1840 = coleophora nigricornis heinemann & wocke , 1877 .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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phtheochroa vulneratana is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found in italy , austria , switzerland , fennoscandia , russia ( alai , sajan , irkutsk , amur , kamchatka , transbaikal ) , the pamir mountains and mongolia .

it is also found in north america ( from alaska to british columbia and south to colorado ) and japan ( hokkaido , honshu ) .

the species is found in arctic-alpine habitats .

the wingspan is 21 – 24 mm .

phtheochroa vulneratana

phtheochroa vulneratana ( zetterstedt , 1839 ) is now recognized among the north american fauna .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
powell & opler ( 2009 ) reported the immature stages and host plant are unknown .
powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , 2009 . moths of western north america , plate . 20 . 20 , p . 157 .
zetterstedt , j . w . , 1839 . insecta lapponica descripta : 979 .
contributed by maury j . heiman on 16 july , 2013 - 9 : 39am additional contributions by steve nanz , randy hardy last updated 5 february , 2018 - 1 : 25pm
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powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 20 . 20m ; p . 157 . book review and ordering
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brown , j . w . 2005 . tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) . in world catalog of insects , vol . 5 . apollo books , stenstrup , denmark , 741 pp .
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distribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .
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metzler , e . h . and j . w . brown . 2014 . an updated check list of the cochylina ( tortricidae , tortricinae , euliini ) of north america north of mexico including greenland , with comments on classification and identification . journal of the lepidopterists ? society 68 ( 4 ) : 274 - 282 .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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the wingspan is 21–24 mm . adults have been recorded on wing from june to august .


eilema fasciculosa is a moth of the family arctiidae .

it is found on borneo , peninsular malaysia and bali .

the habitat consists of lowland forests , particularly alluvial forests .

eilema fasciculosa

fig 2 . venation diagrams from hampson ( 1900 ) . a . teulisna murina heylaerts , b . teulisna plagiata walker , c . thysanoptyx tetragona walker , d . eilema fasciculosa walker , e . macotasa tortricoides walker , f . nishada sambara walker , g . nishada syntomioides walker , h . euconosia aspersa walker .
eilema kosemponensis strand , 1917 , arch . naturgesch . , ( 1916 ) 82 ( a3 ) : 113 .
males are small , a pale dull yellow , though with the forewings distinctly darker , more orange , than the hindwings , and thus have some similarity with tampea accepta butler ( see tampea accepta butler ) and holocraspedon flava van eecke ( see holocraspedon flava van eecke ) . the forewing venation is different , however , being typical of eilema sensu lato . the male genitalia are also distinctive as discussed ( see
eilema
monochroa turner stat . rev . ) no candidate specimens for the female have been located .
the australian taxon monochroa turner , placed as a synonym of decreta in nielsen et al . ( 1996 ) , appears to be unrelated ( see
eilema
monochroa turner stat . rev ) . material in the bmnh series of decreta attributed to monochroa is congeneric with brunia , the next genus discussed . the male genitalia of decreta are distinctive and atypical of eilema even in its broadest sense , particularly the serrate distal margin of the valve , the bifid saccular process , and the spining and rod at the aedeagus apex . the next species has some of these features and may be related .
males have a uniform fawn forewing , sometimes slightly paler along the costa , whereas females have the forewing grey , though not as dark as in b . apicalis walker ( see b . apicalis walker ) , with a pale yellow costa . both sexes resemble this and some bornean “eilema “ , so identity should be confirmed by dissection .
the identity of this species was commented on by inoue et al . ( 1982 ) and barnett , emms & holloway ( 1999 ) , but not all type specimens of synonyms of brevipennis according to hampson ( 1900 ) had been dissected . dissection has revealed that the sri lankan taxa punctifera hampson and fuscipes hampson , both based on females , are distinct ( but best retained in “eilema
until their placement is investigated further ) , stat . rev . , as is hampson’s ab . 1 from sandakan ( sandakana draudt ; see
eilema
sandakana draudt stat . n . ) . however , atrifrons hampson from the nicobar is . has male genitalia typical of antica .
the male genitalia of pulolautensis , based on the specimen referred to by hampson ( 1900 ) as an ab . of decreta , match those illustrated for monochroa in birket - smith ( 1965 ) . they are distinct from those of decreta as indicated above . it is possible that both species should be separated from eilema in aedoea , for which monochroa is the type species , as in nielsen et al . ( 1996 ) .
this and the next two species are transferred to teulisna from eilema as they have the diagnostic saccus structure and that of the apex of the saccular process of the valve . all three have a broad , bilobed juxta . however , there are no scent scale modifications to the male forewing , nor such extreme distortion to the venation as seen in the typical group and the bitecta group . males of t . nebulosa have the cell longer than in the female , and narrowed over the basal half , such that the distal venation is compressed into a shorter space . the radial sector branching appears rather bunched , often almost trident - like rather than sequential .
nishada testacea rothschild , 1912 , novit . zool . , 19 : 217 .
this is a lowland forest species , though not recorded from heath forest and found particularly commonly in alluvial forest during the mulu survey .
this genus and the synonyms listed include a miscellaneous assemblage of taxa , probably brought together on similarities of facies and venation by , for example , hampson ( 1900 ) who listed 22 generic synonyms including the previous three genera and synonyms . hampson overlooked
( 1996 ) excluded many of the genera listed above , partly following birket - smith ( 1965 ) who made the last serious attempt to revise the complex . leraut ( 1997 ) followed different concepts and listed numerous synonyms under
examination of the male and female genitalia of the type species of most of these genus - group names confirms the opinion of birket - smith ( 1965 ) that no current arrangement is entirely satisfactory , encompassing what might be considered natural groups of taxa . birket - smith ( 1965 ) redefined
in a strict sense as having a strongly extended and looped but flimsy vinculum supporting a highly folded diaphragm that often incorporates hairs . birket - smith placed
no bornean species fall within this concept , nor do any of the synonyms listed that are based on oriental species , most of which birket - smith revived as good genera . therefore the bornean species that do not fall readily into
with taxonomic notes on their relationships if apparent , until a more comprehensive survey of the indoaustralian and palaearctic faunas can be undertaken .
lithosia sarawaca butler , 1877 , trans . ent . soc . london , 1877 : 350 .
the wings of the male are a rather ochreous fawn . the greyish border to the forewing is diagnostic for males of this and the next species but is narrower in sarawaca ; an areole is often present . females resemble those of antica and can only be separated reliably by the genitalia ( see brunia apicalis walker comb . n . ) .
lithosia prabana moore , 1859 [ 1860 ] , cat . lepid . insects mus . e . ind . co . : 304 .
lithosia nigricans walker , 1862 , j . linn . soc . ( zool . ) , 6 : 103 .
lithosia lurida snellen , 1879 , tijdschr . ent . , 22 : 84 .
this is a small , narrow - winged species , mostly dark blackish grey but with a narrow pale yellow forewing costa . it is larger and darker than poliosia muricolor and relatives ( see poliosia muricolor ) .
java , bali , sumatra , singapore , s . burma , borneo , sulawesi , sula is . , moluccas .
bornean records appear restricted to the type material of nigricans , taken in sarawak , probably in the lowlands , by a . r . wallace , and a male from semongok near kuching , also in the lowlands .
lithosia decreta butler , 1877 , trans . ent . soc . london , 1877 : 351 .
the holotype male was taken in sarawak by a . r . wallace . a further male has been taken recently in lowland forest at semongok , near kuching , and there are three males from sabah in the usnm : from 1530m 1km south of kundasang on the slopes of g . kinabalu ; 20km east of telupid ; in the lowlands at tenom .
aedoea monochroa turner , 1899 trans . r . soc . s . australia , 23 : 10 .
the facies is similar to that of decreta , but the forewing is a much paler yellow , slightly shorter and broader , with the cell extending to about three - quarters rather than two - thirds . r1 is strongly curved , and m1 is stalked with r3 - 5 rather than connate . the genitalia have the valve rather tongue - like as in decreta , but the apex is not serrate and the saccular process consists of two slender processes rather than one , each with small appressed spines over much of their length , but one has a lateral process more or less at right - angles as in decreta . the aedeagus is short , without the apical spines seen in decreta .
the only specimen is from pulo laut , a low - lying island at the south - east of borneo .
walker , 1854 , list specimens lepid . insects colln br . mus . , 2 : 505 .
lithosia brevipennis walker , 1854 , list specimens lepid . insects colln br . mus . , 2 : 509 .
walker , 1864 , list specimens lepid . insects colln br . mus . , 31 : 229 .
lithosia horishanella matsumura , 1927 , j . coll . agric . hokkaido imp . univ . , 19 ( 1 ) : 64 .
indian subregion to china , ryukyu is . , chagos is . , nicobar is . , sundaland .
this is a lowland species , possibly most frequent in coastal vegetation , including mangrove .
lithosia nebulosa walker , 1862 , j . linn . soc . ( zool ) , 6 : 106 .
ilema perdentata druce , 1899 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) , 4 : 201 .
there is strong sexual dimorphism , with males being dull pale orange and females a paler straw colour . basally and distally the wing is streaked darker on the veins , and these streaked areas are separated by an irregularly zig - zag band in a central pale zone . these markings are very faint in the male but prominent and grey in the female .
the species was taken in numbers in lower montane forest at 1000m on g . mulu . two specimens were taken at 900m on g . api . records from bukit pagon ( a singleton at 1670m ) and g . kinabalu ( one from 1800m ) are somewhat higher .


homonoides is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily tortricinae of the family tortricidae .

it contains only one species , homonoides euryplaca , which is found in madagascar .

homonoides

this is the place for homonoides definition . you find here homonoides meaning , synonyms of homonoides and images for homonoides copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word homonoides . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word homonoides and , of course , homonoides synonyms and on the right images related to the word homonoides .
genus : homonoides diakonoff , 1960 . verh . k . ned . akad . wet . ( 2 ) 53 ( 2 ) : 7 [ key ] , 102 .
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madagascar central , andringitra oriental , forêt d ' anjavidilava , 1990 m , 19–25 . xii . 1970 , leg . p . griveaud .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide diakonoff 8525 , mnhn ; paratypes 3♂ , genitalia slides ad 8290 , 8346 , mnhn .
diakonoff a . 1973a . tortricidae of the andringitra range , central madagascar ( lepidoptera ) . part 1 . tortricinae . - bulletin du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle ( 3 ) 108 : 105–143 .
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by t . m . gilligan 1 , j . baixeras 2 , j . w . brown 3 , and k . r . tuck 4
urltoken is pleased to offer the complete world catalogue of the tortricidae ( t @ rts ) ! this is a complete list of all world species , utilizing the world catalogue published in 2005 as the foundation for the database . version 3 . 0 of the online catalogue contains 15 , 099 records representing 10 , 883 species . more than 1 , 600 records have been updated from ver 2 . 0 ( jul , 2012 ) , and more than 3 , 000 records have been updated from the original catalogue . the database is completely searchable and contains photos of over 1 , 200 type specimens .
t @ rts will be updated regularly both with corrections from the original world catalogue and with additions since its publication . as such , these pages will serve as the most up to date information on current tortricid nomenclature . if you find any errors in the data presented here or have any questions / comments , please use the contact form to send the authors an email .
we are indebted to all of the original authors of the world catalogue ( j . w . brown , j . baixeras , r . brown , m . horak , f . komai , e . metzler , j . razowski , and k . tuck ) for providing the basis for this project . we would also like to thank the dozens of individuals who have provided corrections or updates to the database since it was first placed online in 2007 .
gilligan , t . m . , j . baixeras , j . w . brown & k . r . tuck . 2014 . t @ rts : online world catalogue of the tortricidae ( ver . 3 . 0 ) . urltoken
1 colorado state university , bioagricultural sciences and pest management , 1177 campus delivery , fort collins , co 80523 , usa 2 institut cavanilles de biodiversitat i biologia evolutiva , universitat de valencia , apartat oficial 2085 , 46071 valencia , spain 3 systematic entomology laboratory - usda [ retired ] , smithsonian institution , p . o . box 37012 , national museum of natural history , washington , dc 20013 , usa 4 curator - microlepidoptera [ retired ] , entomology department ( dc2 - 2n ) , natural history museum , cromwell road , london sw7 5bd , uk
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type - species : batodes euryplaca meyrick , 1933 . exotic microlepid . 4 : 422 .
type specimens : ? type status ? country : ? locality , ( ? depository ) . .
t @ rts : online world catalogue of the tortricidae ( ver . 2 . 0 )
by gilligan , t . m . , j . baixeras , j . w . brown & k . r . tuck . 2012 .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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holotype ♂ , genitalia slide diakonoff 2275 , mnhn ; allotype ♀ , genitalia slide diakonoff 3128 , mnhn ; paratypes 4♂ , mnhn .
diakonoff a . 1960 . tortricidae from madagascar . part i . tortricinae and chlidanotinae . - verhandelingen van de koninklijke nederlandse academie van wetenschappen , afd . natuurkunde ( 2 ) 53 ( 2 ) : 1–109 , pls . 1–40 .