the amazonian marsh rat ( holochilus sciureus ) , also known as the common marsh rat , or simply the marsh rat , is a rodent species from south america .

amazonian marsh rat

by : chandler stonecipher  amazonian manatee  amazonian sac - winged bat  marsh deer  toco toucan  spider monkey  white - faced tree rat  parrot .
by : chandler stonecipher  amazonian manatee  amazonian sac - winged bat  marsh deer  toco toucan  spider monkey  white - faced tree rat  parrot . - ppt download
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by : chandler stonecipher  amazonian manatee  amazonian sac - winged bat  marsh deer  toco toucan  spider monkey  white - faced tree rat  parrot .
presentation on theme :
by : chandler stonecipher  amazonian manatee  amazonian sac - winged bat  marsh deer  toco toucan  spider monkey  white - faced tree rat  parrot .
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hershkovitz , p ( 1987 ) : first south american record of coues’ marsh rice rat , oryzomys couesi . journal of mammalogy 68 , 152 - 154 .
hartmann m ( 2001 ) active sensing capabilities of the rat whisker system . auton robots 11 : 249–254 .
marsh cw , greer ag . forest land - use in sabah , malaysia - an introduction to danum valley .
wyatt jl , silman mr . distance - dependence in two amazonian palms : effects of spatial and temporal variation in seed predator communities .
rosas , fcw ( 1994 ) : biology , conservation and status of the amazonian manatee trichechus inunguis . mammal review 24 , 49 - 59 .
beck h , gaines ms , hines je , nichols jd . comparative dynamics of small mammal populations in treefall gaps and surrounding understorey within amazonian rainforest .
terborgh j , losos e , riley mp , riley mb . predation by vertebrates and invertebrates on the seeds of 5 canopy tree species of an amazonian forest .
hershkovitz , p ( 1971 ) : a new rice rat of the oryzomys palustris group ( cricetinae , muridae ) from northwestern colombia , with remarks on distribution . journal of mammalogy 52 , 700 - 709 .
pacheco , v , and ugarte - núñez , j ( 2011 ) : new records of stolzmann’s fish - eating rat ichthyomys stolzmanni ( cricetidae , sigmodontinae ) in peru : a rare species becoming a nuisance . mammalian biology – zeitschrift für säugetierkunde 76 , 657 - 661 .
citation : marshall cd , wieskotten s , hanke w , hanke fd , marsh a , kot b , et al . ( 2014 ) feeding kinematics , suction , and hydraulic jetting performance of harbor seals ( phoca vitulina ) . plos one 9 ( 1 ) : e86710 . urltoken
marshall cd , maeda h , iwata m , furuta m , asano a , rosas f , et al . ( 2003 ) orofacial morphology and feeding behaviour of the dugong , amazonian , west african and antillean manatees ( mammalia : sirenia ) : functional morphology of the muscular – vibrissal complex . j zool 259 : 1–16 .
this species is broadly distributed , it reaches the orinoco and amazon river basins : venezuela ( including an isolated locality in the maracaibo basin , northwest of the andes ; see linares , 1998 ) , the guianas , northern and central brazil , and amazonian regions of colombia , ecuador , peru , and bolivia ( musser and carleton , 2005 ) . it also occurs in suriname ( weksler pers . comm . ) .
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justification : this species is listed as least concern in because of its wide distribution , presumed large population , occurrence in a number of protected areas , tolerance to some degree of habitat modification , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
during a survey along the rio juruá of the western amazon of brazil , the species was found in grass patches along the river margins and agricultural areas close to rivers ( patton et al . 2000 ) . some female specimens examined from august to november were either pregnant or lactating ; young were also observed during these months ( patton et al . 2000 ) .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t10220a115096276 .
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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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brazil . brazil and taiwan south america french guyana suriname guyana venezuela colombia peru bolivia paraguay argentina uruguay countries bordering .
quiz - - poland . which one cities is the capital ? a gniezno b kraków c warszawa .
a small introduction on… brazil . where is it ? brazil has 10 neighbouring countries ! ! to the east coast , there is the atlantic ocean the capital of brazil .
h jeopardy geography history sports foodother q $ 100 q $ 200 q $ 300 q $ 400 q $ 500 q $ 100 q $ 200 q $ 300 q $ 400 q $ 500 final jeopardy .
brazil by anne and bradford flag the flag is green , blue , yellow .
brazil researched via : student name : deshaun newton date : 3 / 25 / 11 .
brazil the capital of brazil is brasilia ! o capiltal do brasil é brasília ! brazil .
brazil by wylly simons michael david about brazil  brazil is the 5 th biggest country in the world .  the amazon rainforest is very fun but full of .
2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt 2pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt azil br .
brazil’s flag . about brazil ( 一 ) brazil is the largest country in latin america . it spreads across almost half ( 47 . 3 % ) of south america , and occupies .
chapter 13 cultures of south america section 3 . countries of northern south america were colonized from different european countries . because of this ,
pele “o rey” the king of football . background he is considered by many people as the greatest football player of all time . pele was born in brazil . he .
baseball , basketball , crew , football , hockey , lacrosse , soccer , etc . baseball , basketball , crew , football , hockey , lacrosse , soccer , etc . lots of funding .
the differences between canada and the u . s . a . by mitchell .
by hannah o and sarah world cup facts the fifa world cup was first held in 1930 , when fifa president jules rimet decided to stage an international football .
brazil .  coastal areas are more densely populated  the amazon basin area has very low population density .
brazil . people largest population in south america largest population in south america 5 th most populous country in the world 5 th most populous country .
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( iucn , 2013 ; perrin , 2013 ; reeves et al . , 2002 ; rosas , 1994 )
( committee on taxonomy , 2014 ; domning , 1981 ; iucn , 2013 ; perrin , 2013 ; reeves et al . , 2002 )
( iucn , 2013 ; perrin , 2013 ; reeves et al . , 2002 )
( halley & rosell , 2003 ; iucn , 2013 ; macdonald , 2006 ; rosell et al . , 2005 )
( iucn , 2013 ; veron et al . , 2008 ; wilson , 2005 )
( bonvicino et al . , 2005 ; iucn , 2013 ; wilson , 2005 )
( iucn , 2013 ; percequillo et al . , 2005 ; wilson , 2005 )
( hershkovitz , 1987 ; kirkpatrick & cartwright , 1975 ; platt et al . , 2000 ; reid , 1997 ; wilson , 2005 )
( iucn , 2013 ; santos - moreno et al . , 2003 ; wilson , 2005 )
( bonvicino et al . , 2013 ; d’elía & pardiñas , 2004 ; wilson , 2005 )
( aloise et al . , 2005 ; churchﬁeld , 2007 ; duff & lawson , 2004 ; iucn , 2013 )
( duff & lawson , 2004 ; iucn , 2013 ; krystufek et al . , 2000 )
( churchﬁeld , 2007 ; iucn , 2013 ; o’neill et al . , 2005 ; veron et al . , 2008 )
( churchﬁeld , 2007 ; iucn , 2013 ; veron et al . , 2008 )
( hussain et al . , 2011 ; iucn , 2013 ; pocock , 1941 )
( iucn , 2013 ; márcia barbosa et al . , 2003 ; wilson , 2005 )
( iucn , 2013 ; latifiana & pickles , 2013 ; poole , 2003 ; wright et al . , 2008 )
( acharya & lamsal , 2010 ; hwang & larivière , 2005 ; iucn , 2013 ; rais et al . , 2009 )
( committee on taxonomy , 2014 ; iucn , 2013 ; perrin , 2013 ; reeves et al . , 2002 )
( iucn , 2013 ; palo & väinölä , 2006 ; perrin , 2013 ; reeves et al . , 2002 )
( cheyne et al . , 2010 ; iucn , 2013 ; veron et al . , 2006 ; veron et al . , 2008 )
( borobia et al . , 1991 ; iucn , 2013 ; perrin , 2013 ; reeves et al . , 2002 )
( iucn , 2013 ; perrin , 2013 ; shostell & ruiz - garcia , 2010 ; tavera et al . , 2010 )
table 1 . regional distribution of aquatic and semi - aquatic mammals . where applicable , endemism has been noted and refers to geographical constraint and relative range limitation of species within a specific region . species are listed taxonomically down to order , and then alphabetically through family , genus and species . where scientific names are in bold , regional distributions of subspecies have been included in a separate subspecies table , available at urltoken .
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yalden , d , largen , m , kock , d , and hillman , j ( 1996 ) : catalogue of the mammals of ethiopia and eritrea . 7 . revised checklist , zoogeography and conservation . tropical zoology 9 , 73 - 164 .
youngman , pm ( 1990 ) : mustela lutreola . mammalian species 362 , 1 - 3 .
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copyright : © 2014 marshall et al . this is an open - access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
funding : this work was supported by a texas a & m university international research travel assistance grant to cdm , a volkswagenstiftung grant to gd , a daad german academic student exchange scholarship ( deutscher akademischer austausch dienst , daad ) , the cologne zoo , the texas a & m university department of marine biology , the university of rostock institute of biosciences , and the university of bochum department of biology . the funders had no role in study design , data collection and analysis , decision to publish , or preparation of the manuscript .
competing interests : the primary author , christopher d . marshall , is an academic editor with plos one . however , christopher d . marshall confirms that none of the authors have any competing interests , and christopher d . marshall confirms that his position as an academic editor with plos one does not alter the authors adherence to all the plos one policies on sharing data and materials .
this study was conducted at the cologne zoo ( cologne , germany ) and at the marine science center at the university of rostock ( rostock , germany ) . eight adult male harbor seals participated in this study ( see table 1 for details regarding subjects ) ; the seals were well trained and were eager to participate in these novel tasks . all work was approved by texas a & m university’s institute of animal care and use committee animal use protocol # 2010–67 , and was conducted in accordance with the european communities council directive of 24 november 1986 ( 86 / 609 / eec ) . all work at the marine science center at the cologne zoo and at the university of rostock was approved by both institutes .
a . feeding platform in place in the enclosure . b . harbor seal feeding from feeding apparatus .
maximum gape and gape angle during feeding events was compared to the mean maximum biological gape and gape angle for all animals in the study . each subject was digitally photographed while opening their mouth to their widest extent at the command of a trainer . maximal biological gape and gape angle was measured from scaled digital photographs using imagej ( national institutes of health , bethesda , md , usa ) .
as characterized in bearded seals [ 23 ] , four feeding phases were differentiated : ( i ) preparatory , ( ii ) jaw opening , ( iii ) gular depression , and ( iv ) jaw closing were observed regardless of the feeding mode . phase i began at the onset of jaw opening and ended when gape increased by greater than 0 . 2 cm field −1 ( 1 field = 60 hz ) and the jaws rapidly opened . phase ii began when gape increased by ≥0 . 2 cm field −1 and persisted until maximum gape . phase iii began when gular depression increased by ≥0 . 2 cm field −1 . this phase overlapped with phases ii and iv , persisted the longest in duration , and concluded when gular depression returned to its original position , which was often at the end of the feeding event . phase iv began at maximum gape and concluded when the jaws closed . the timing of maximum gular depression during suction feeding events always followed maximum gape or coincided with maximum gape . little to no gular depression was observed during biting feeding events , whether seals were feeding in - water or on - land . the mean durations for phases i–iv were , 0 . 02±0 . 001 s , 0 . 08±0 . 04 s , 0 . 16±0 . 10 s , and 0 . 11±0 . 07 s , respectively .
a . frame from video during in - water suction feeding trial with overlaid spatial model stick figure . b . plot of gape ( cm ) for a single suction feeding trial . c . plot of gular depression ( cm ) for a single suction feeding trial . d . plot of maximum gape angle ( degrees ) for a single suction feeding trial . e . plot of gape angle velocity ( degrees / s ; opening and closing ) for a single suction feeding trial . f . frame from video during on - land biting feeding trial with overlaid spatial model stick figure . g . plot of gape ( cm ) for a single biting feeding trial . h . plot of maximum gape angle ( degrees ) for a single biting feeding trial . i . plot of gular depression ( cm ) for a single biting feeding trial . j . plot of gape angle velocity ( degrees / s ; opening and closing ) for a single biting feeding trial .
principal component ( pc ) analysis on correlations of log - transformed data demonstrated that the first 3 pc axes characterized 78 % of the variation of harbor seal feeding kinematics ( pc1 = 49 . 986 % , pc2 = 18 . 949 % , pc3 = 9 . 072 % ; table 3 ) . high loadings on pc axis 1 identified most kinematic variables , with the exception of maximum gular depression and time to maximum gular depression . pc axis 2 identified all timing kinematic variables with the exception of time to maximum gape angle closing velocity . in addition pc axis 2 had a high loadings \ for maximum gular depression . pc axis 3 had high loadings for only maximum gular depression and time to maximum gular depression , indicating distinct differences in suction vs . biting feeding events . pearson’s correlation analysis further supported the difference between suction and biting feeding kinematics and is summarized in table 4 . as shown by the pc analysis , the pearson’s correlation analysis demonstrated that most , but not all , kinematic variables were positively correlated . however , gular depression and time to gular depression were distinct in that they were negatively correlated with most kinematic variables .
harbor seals in this study used the large lateral mystacial vibrissae for exploration of the large scale features of the feeding apparatus , but then shifted to using the small medially located mystacial vibrissae for more refined and discrete tactile exploration . in particular , these small medially located mystacial vibrissae were used to locate the center of each cylinder and to protrude into each cylinder to touch recessed food items , if possible . our observation that harbor seals use different regions of the mystacial vibrissae during feeding supports the results of more focused active touch performance studies [ 67 ] , [ 68 ] in which harbor seals used the smaller medial mystacial vibrissae for detailed size discrimination , but within a different context . this active touch exploratory pattern is likely a typical pattern of how harbor seals explore new objects in their environment . such exploratory behavior and use of different regions and size of mystacial vibrissae has also been observed in california sea lions [ 69 ] , manatees and dugongs [ 45 ] , [ 47 ] , walruses [ 70 ] , and rodents [ 71 ] – [ 73 ] and likely represents a generalized mammalian pattern of tactile exploration .
we would like to thank lars miersch for assistance in building the feeding apparatus , kim peter and the seal trainers at the marine science center ( rostock , germany ) for their assistance in conducting the feeding trials , as well as michael bradley and meghan walker for their assistance in pressure data analysis .
conceived and designed the experiments : cdm . performed the experiments : cdm sw wh fh gd . analyzed the data : cdm am bk . contributed reagents / materials / analysis tools : cdm gd . wrote the paper : cdm .
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yann hautier , 1 , * philippe saner , 1 christopher philipson , 1 robert bagchi , 1 robert c . ong , 2 and andy hector 1
conceived and designed the experiments : yh ps cp rb ah . performed the experiments : yh ps . analyzed the data : yh ps cp ah . wrote the paper : yh ps cp rb rco ah .
this is an open - access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are properly credited .
the janzen - connell hypothesis proposes that seed and seedling enemies play a major role in maintaining high levels of tree diversity in tropical forests . however , human disturbance may alter guilds of seed predators including their body size distribution . these changes have the potential to affect seedling survival in logged forest and may alter forest composition and diversity .
we manipulated seed density in plots beneath con - and heterospecific adult trees within a logged forest and excluded vertebrate predators of different body sizes using cages . we show that small and large - bodied predators differed in their effect on con - and heterospecific seedling mortality . in combination small and large - bodied predators dramatically decreased both con - and heterospecific seedling survival . in contrast , when larger - bodied predators were excluded small - bodied predators reduced conspecific seed survival leaving seeds coming from the distant tree of a different species .
our results suggest that seed survival is affected differently by vertebrate predators according to their body size . therefore , changes in the body size structure of the seed predator community in logged forests may change patterns of seed mortality and potentially affect recruitment and community composition .
human - induced changes to tropical ecosystems are manifold and a major threat to biodiversity . currently , less than half of the original forests of south - east asia remains and the levels of biodiversity are predicted to decrease by 42 % during this century [ 1 ] . in the state of sabah , malaysia , our study area , local wildlife populations are depressed by hunting and are becoming depleted or extinct [ 2 ] . understanding to what extent such changes to natural wildlife populations may affect forest dynamics with regard to seed dispersal and seedling survival is an important requirement for the management of tropical forests .
, the differences in responses of small versus large predators to logging and hunting have the potential to affect seedling survival in fundamental ways and ultimately influence dipterocarp composition and diversity . vertebrate effects on dipterocarp seedling survival may change in relative importance with changes in the abundance of predators of different body sizes
. we focused on the seed - to - seedling transition . we show that small - bodied predators selectively predated seeds of the maternal tree , an effect that was cancelled out when large - bodied predators had access to the seeds .
seeds of each pair of trees ( 5 pairs ) were placed between 1 and 5 m around each tree at high density ( 24 seeds , 12 seeds from the maternal tree ( conspecific ) and 12 seeds from a distant tree of a different species ( heterospecific ) and at low density ( 2 seeds , 1 con - and 1 hetero - specific ) . the experimental design consists in three exclosure treatments ( 1×1 m large ×0 . 5 m tall ) : ( 1 ) none , fenced exclosure cage excluding both large and small vertebrate predators , ( 2 ) small , fenced exclosure cage excluding only large vertebrate predators and ( 3 ) all , open control allowing both small and large vertebrate predators .


boninena callistoderma is a species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family enidae .

this species is currently only endemic to haha-jima and ane-jima in the ogasawara islands ( japan ) , having been extirpated from other parts of this archipelago .

boninena callistoderma

boninena leptostraca ( p . b . schmacker & o . böttger , 1891 )
boninena warburgi ( p . b . schmacker & o . böttger , 1891 )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : boninena t . habe , 1955 ( db : 6 sp )
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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
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- - - - - - family : enidae b . b . woodward , 1903 ( land ) db counters : genus = 65 , subgenus = 16 , species = 452 , subspecies = 68 ( 225 species and 40 subspecies have images ) db counters include fossil taxa : species = 5 , subspecies = 0
genus : borlumastus a . örstan & m . z . yildirim , 2004 ( db : 1 sp )
genus : coniconapaeus i . abbes , s . nouira & e . neubert , 2009 ( db : 3 sp )
palaeomastus complanatus ( a . e . reuss , 1849 † ) ( fossil )
palaeomastus filocinctus ( a . e . reuss , 1849 † ) ( fossil )
palaeomastus hassiacus ( w . a . wenz , 1919 † ) ( fossil )
subfamily : andronakiinae - genus : andronakia w . a . lindholm , 1913 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : adzharia p . hesse , 1933 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : amimopina t . iredale , 1933 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : buliminus h . h . beck , 1837 ( db : 19 sp )
buliminus djurdjurensis c . m . f . ancey in c . a . westerlund , 1892
subfamily : buliminusinae - subgenus : buliminus ( pene ) p . m . pallary , 1929 ( db : 5 sp )
buliminus ( pene ) sidoniensis ( j . g . f . de charpentier , 1847 )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : clausilioides w . a . lindholm , 1925 ( db : 2 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : coccoderma o . f . von möllendorff , 1901 ( db : 10 sp )
coccoderma abbreviata ( a . r . j . b . bavay & p . dautzenberg , 1915 )
coccoderma clausiliaeformis ( a . r . j . b . bavay & p . dautzenberg , 1912 )
coccoderma corti ( a . r . j . b . bavay & p . dautzenberg , 1908 )
coccoderma messageri ( a . r . j . b . bavay & p . dautzenberg , 1900 )
coccoderma scaber ( a . r . j . b . bavay & p . dautzenberg , 1912 )
coccoderma tonkiniana ( a . r . j . b . bavay & p . dautzenberg , 1912 )
coccoderma varians ( a . r . j . b . bavay & p . dautzenberg , 1912 )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : luchuena t . habe , 1955 ( db : 6 sp )
luchuena nesiotica ( h . a . pilsbry & y . hirase , 1909 )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : mirus j . a . albers , 1850 ( db : 18 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : omphaloconus c . a . westerlund , 1887 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - subgenus : omphaloconus ( cirna ) p . m . pallary , 1928 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - subgenus : omphaloconus ( kabylia ) p . m . pallary , 1928 ( db : 2 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - subgenus : omphaloconus ( mauronapaeus ) w . kobelt , 1899 ( db : 3 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : pupinidius o . f . von möllendorff , 1901 ( db : 8 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - subgenus : pupinidius ( petraeomastus ) o . f . von möllendorff , 1901 ( db : 4 sp )
pupinidius ( petraeomastus ) breviculus ( o . f . von möllendorff , 1902 )
pupinidius ( petraeomastus ) qii s . y . wang & min wu , 2013
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : serina p . v . gredler , 1898 ( db : 3 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : sesteria j . r . bourguignat , 1884 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : buliminusinae - genus : yakuena t . habe , 1955 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : chondrulopsininae - genus : chondrulopsina w . a . lindholm , 1925 ( db : 2 sp )
siraphoroides moltschanovi ( i . m . likharev & e . s . rammelmeyer , 1952 )
subfamily : eninae - genus : chondrula h . h . beck , 1837 ( db : 23 sp )
subfamily : eninae - genus : chondrus g . l . c . f . d . cuvier , 1817 ( db : 3 sp )
subfamily : eninae - genus : ena w . e . leach in w . h . turton , 1831 ( db : 15 sp )
subfamily : eninae - subgenus : ena ( caucasicola ) p . hesse , 1917 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : eninae - subgenus : ena ( paramastus ) p . hesse , 1933 ( db : 3 sp )
subfamily : eninae - subgenus : ena ( peristoma ) i . krynicki , 1833 ( db : 3 sp )
subfamily : eninae - genus : georginapaeus a . a . schileyko , 1998 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : eninae - genus : imparietula w . a . lindholm , 1925 ( db : 7 sp )
subfamily : eninae - genus : jaminia a . risso , 1826 ( db : 11 sp )
subfamily : eninae - genus : mastus h . h . beck , 1837 ( db : 29 sp )
subfamily : eninae - genus : meijeriella r . a . bank , 1985 ( db : 2 sp )
subfamily : eninae - genus : multidentula w . a . lindholm , 1925 ( db : 4 sp )
subfamily : eninae - genus : napaeus j . a . albers , 1850 ( db : 73 sp )
napaeus badiosus ( p . b . webb & s . berthelot , 1833 )
napaeus helvolus ( p . b . webb & s . berthelot , 1833 )
napaeus lajaensis r . garcia del castillo , y . yanes , m . r . alonso & c . m . ibáñez , 2006
napaeus myosotis ( p . b . webb & s . berthelot , 1833 )
napaeus roccellicola ( p . b . webb & s . berthelot , 1833 )
napaeus terverianus ( p . b . webb & s . berthelot , 1833 )
napaeus variatus ( p . b . webb & s . berthelot , 1833 )
subfamily : eninae - subgenus : napaeus ( napaeinus ) p . hesse , 1933 ( db : 9 sp )
napaeus ( napaeinus ) bechi m . r . alonso & c . m . ibáñez , 1993
napaeus ( napaeinus ) esbeltus c . m . ibáñez & m . r . alonso , 1995
subfamily : eninae - genus : zebrina f . held , 1837 ( db : 15 sp )
subfamily : eninae - subgenus : zebrina ( brephulopsis ) w . a . lindholm , 1925 ( db : 4 sp )
zebrina ( brephulopsis ) konovalovae n . gural - sverlova & r . i . gural , 2010
subfamily : eninae - subgenus : zebrina ( napaeopsis ) r . sturany & a . wagner , 1914 ( db : 5 sp )
zebrina ( napaeopsis ) minimus r . a . bank & h . p . m . g . menkhorst , 1992
subfamily : eninae - subgenus : zebrina ( ramusculus ) w . a . lindholm , 1925 ( db : 2 sp )
subfamily : eninae - subgenus : zebrina ( thoanteus ) w . a . lindholm , 1925 ( db : 4 sp )
subfamily : euchondrinae - genus : euchondrus o . böttger , 1883 ( db : 16 sp )
subfamily : euchondrinae - genus : improvisa a . a . schileyko , 1978 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : euchondrinae - genus : pentadentula a . n . suvorov , 2006 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : euchondrinae - genus : senaridenta a . a . schileyko , 1984 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : merdigerinae - genus : merdigera f . held , 1837 ( db : 2 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : akramovskiella a . a . schileyko , 1984 ( db : 3 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : differena a . a . schileyko , 1984 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : geminula w . a . lindholm , 1925 ( db : 2 sp )
geminula isseliana ( j . r . bourguignat in a . issel , 1865 )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : laevozebrinus w . a . lindholm , 1925 ( db : 7 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : ljudmilena a . a . schileyko , 1984 ( db : 2 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : mastoides c . a . westerlund , 1896 ( db : 3 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : nepaliena a . a . schileyko & a . frank , 1994 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : ottorosenia i . v . muratov , 1992 ( db : 2 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : pseudochondrula p . hesse , 1933 ( db : 6 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : pseudonapaeus c . a . westerlund , 1887 ( db : 33 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - subgenus : pseudonapaeus ( aridenus ) a . a . schileyko , 1984 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - subgenus : pseudonapaeus ( siraphorus ) w . a . lindholm , 1925 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : spaniodonta w . kobelt , 1902 ( db : 1 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : subzebrinus c . a . westerlund , 1887 ( db : 17 sp )
subzebrinus hazarica ( g . p . l . k . gude , 1914 )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - genus : turanena w . a . lindholm , 1922 ( db : 15 sp )
subfamily : pseudonapaeinae - subgenus : turanena ( asuranena ) a . a . schileyko & s . e . moiseeva , 1995 ( db : 11 sp )
turanena ( asuranena ) conicula ( e . c . von martens , 1882 )
turanena ( asuranena ) inversa a . a . schileyko & s . e . moiseeva , 1995
turanena ( asuranena ) margaritae ( a . a . schileyko & s . e . moiseeva , 1989 )
turanena ( asuranena ) martensiana ( e . c . von martens , 1874 )
subfamily : retowskiinae - genus : retowskia o . böttger , 1881 ( db : 1 sp )
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hahajima - oki ; しんかわな - | urltoken | | | creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0
view from hahajima - island and the minamizaki tokyo , japan ; しんかわな - | urltoken | | | attribution - sharealike 3 . 0
is the second - largest island of the ogasawara islands or bonin islands south of the japanese main island chain . it is about 21 km
the highest points are chibusayama , ( literally
breast mountain
) , approximately 462 metres ( 1 , 516 ft ) , and sakaigatake , 443 metres ( 1 , 453 ft ) . the largest island of the group , chichijima is located approximately 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) to the north . together with nearby smaller islands like anejima and imōtojima and mukōjima , hahajima forms the hahajima rettō ( 母島列島 ) , or in former times , the
baily group
.
the island is within the political boundaries of ogasawara village , ogasawara subprefecture , tokyo , japan .
the first european discovery of the bonin islands is said to have taken place in 1543 , by the spanish explorer , bernardo de la torre . hahajima was originally called coffin island or hillsborough island and settled by europeans before becoming part of japan . in world war ii , the japanese government removed the locals and fortified the island ; it was the target of several attacks by us forces during world war ii . what is left of the defense works is now one of the tourist attractions of the island . the island can be reached by ferry in about two hours from chichijima . the economy of hahajima is based on commercial fishing , as well as a state - run rum distillery .
today hahajima has a population of 450 , but the population was 1546 in 1904 and 1905 in 1940 . there is one road from the ( now - abandoned ) village of kitamura ( 北村 ) at the north end of the island to the village of okimura ( 沖村 ) - formerly
newport
at the southern end of the island , where the harbor is located . ogasawara village operates the island ' s public elementary and junior high schools . tokyo metropolitan government board of education operates ogasawara high school1 on nearby chichijima .
hahajima is of considerable interest to malacologists because of its endemic land snail fauna , including the eponymous lamprocystis hahajimana . due to the widespread presence of invasive species including goats ( which destroy habitat ) and rodents , flatworms and the rosy wolfsnail ( which eat the native snails ) , it was feared that many of the endemics had become extinct .
but most if not all of the endemic land snail species seem to persist on the remote higashizaki peninsula on the eastern coast . this is a quite pristine expanse of ground , scenic but very hard to reach ( one has to climb mt . chibusa before descending to the peninsula ) . it consists of sheer seacliffs surrounding a plateau with chinese fan palm ( livistona chinensis ) , pandanus and broadleaf ( e . g . persea kobu , a wild avocado ) forest , and appears to be untouched by invasive species at present . it has been proposed that access to the area should be monitored , so that visitors will not inadvertently contribute to destroying this unique area .
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how can i put and write and define boning in a sentence and how is the word boning used in a sentence and examples ? 用boning造句 , 用boning造句 , 用boning造句 , boning meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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it is found in south-eastern china ( fujian ) .

the wingspan is about 17 mm .

eupithecia luctuosa

eupithecia luctuosa is a moth in the geometridae family . it is found in south - eastern china ( fujian ) .
ash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )
vespa luctuosa is a species of hornet which is endemic to the philippines . the main subspecies is
vespa luctuosa luctuosa
( primarily native to luzon island ) . other known subspecies include
vespa luctuosa luzonensis
( primarily native to the visayas , including leyte island and samar island ) and
vespa luctuosa negrosensis
( native to negros island ) .
vespa luctuosa
is best known for its potent venom .
the species name refers to the colouration of the species and is derived from latin
luctuosa
( meaning sad ) .
episcepsis luctuosa is a moth of the family erebidae . it was described by möschler in 1877 . it is found in venezuela , surinam and northern brazil .
quatiara luctuosa is a species of beetle in the family cerambycidae , and the only species in the genus quatiara . it was described by leséleuc in 1844 .
nyctemera luctuosa is a moth of the family erebidae . it is found in papua new guinea , australia and the philippines . the habitat consists of mountainous areas .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
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to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !
if you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .
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underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
the wingspan is about 17 mm . the fore - and hindwings are mid brown .
it is reddish to chocolate brown , bordered by a narrow cream dorsolateral line on each side , beginning at the tip of the snout to above the vent .
the height of the shell attains 35 mm , its diameter 44 mm . the solid , heavy shell is depressed , broadly umbilicate , and has a conoidal shape . it is black or purplish . the spire is more or less depressed . the sutures are linear . the shell contains 5 to 6 whorls . the upper ones have a strong carina midway between the sutures . the body whorl is carinated at the periphery and above , generally showing a less prominent carina on the base near the periphery . the aperture is oblique . the arcuate columella is oblique . the umbilicus is broad and deep , with a spiral rib within . this species is characterized by its wide umbilicus and strongly keeled whorls .
the forewings are black with a broad irregular diagonal white band and a small white spot near the base . the hindwings are white with broad black margins . adults are variable in both pattern and ground colour . this is a day - flying species .
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for the county , we have a total of 203 records from 104 sites . first recorded in 1940 .
: a very local species in yorkshire but now recorded from all five vice - counties . it is widely distributed in spruce plantations all over northumberland and durham and still increasing its range ( dunn & parrack , 1986 ) , so it may well also turn out to be more widespread in yorkshire .
: locally common in spruce plantations but not often wandering to other areas . distinctive when fresh .