the amazonian hocicudo , oxymycterus amazonicus , is a species of rodent in the cricetidae family from south america .

it is found in the amazon basin in brazil where it lives in moist lowland forest .

it is a common species with a large range and is rated by the iucn as being of " least concern " .

amazonian hocicudo

oxymycterus amazonicus ( amazonian hocicudo ) oxymycterus angularis ( angular hocicudo ) oxymycterus caparoae ( mt . caparaó hocicudo ) oxymycterus dasytrichus ( atlantic forest hocicudo ) oxymycterus delator ( spy hocicudo ) oxymycterus hiska ( small hocicudo ) oxymycterus hispidus ( hispid hocicudo ) oxymycterus hucucha ( quechuan hocicudo ) oxymycterus inca ( incan hocicudo ) oxymycterus josei ( cook’s hocicudo ) oxymycterus nasutus ( long - nosed hocicudo ) oxymycterus paramensis ( paramo hocicudo ) oxymycterus quaestor ( quaestor hocicudo ) oxymycterus roberti ( robert’s hocicudo ) oxymycterus rufus ( red hocicudo )
you selected amazonian hocicudo ( english ) . this is a common name for :
the amazonian hocicudo , oxymycterus amazonicus , is a rodent species from south america . it is found in brazil . . . .
janos dp , sahley ct ( 1995 ) rodent dispersal of vesicular - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in amazonian peru . ecology 76 : 1852–1858
brown woolly monkey _ _ _ _ _ _ ( in northwest amazonian brazil , and southeast colombia , northeast ecuador , and extreme northern peru , east to the river negro and south to the river solimoes - napo , in primary rainforest ) lagothrix lagotricha the brown woolly monkey is the largest primate in amazonia , aside from man .
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justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category . collecting localities recorded so far from voucher - specimens suggest a broad distribution in the lower amazon and a high likelihood to occupy disturbed forest or secondary brush formations ( gonçalves and oliveira pers . comm . ) .
this species is distributed along the madeira , xingú , tocantins and tapajós river basins , in the brazilian states of mato grosso , rondônia and pará ( oliveira and gonçalves 2015 ) .
no population estimates are available for this species , but its records suggest stable population sizes ( oliveira and gonçalves 2015 ) .
this species is found in lowland moist forests of the amazon river basin . it inhabits secondary growth forest and brush formations ( oliveira and gonçalves 2015 ) .
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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c2a8c - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c2b9b - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322daf70 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322db071 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3677c1c6 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
tom orrell ( custodian ) , dave nicolson ( ed ) . ( 2018 ) . itis global : the integrated taxonomic information system ( version jun 2017 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 77a85e18 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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infonatura species index : 301 - 350 of 479 records in family muridae of order rodentia .
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citation for bird range maps : ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2005 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 2 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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les cricétidés sont une famille extrêmement diversifiée de rongeurs . c’est l’une des plus grandes familles de mammifères . la plupart des cricétidés ressemblent à des souris ou des rats : ils ont un petit corps un peu allongé , ils sont gris ou marron avec une longue queue , de grands yeux , de grandes oreilles et des moustaches . cependant , les formes du corps dans ce groupe varient . les cricétidés sont petits ( 8 g ) à grands ( 2 kg ) . le dimorphisme sexuel varie selon les espèces : dans certains cas , les mâles sont plus gros que les femelles , et dans d’autres cas , les femelles sont plus grandes que les mâles . certaines espèces ne présentent pas de dimorphisme sexuel du tout . il existe diverses spécialisations pour les différents modes de vie au sein de ce groupe , comme par exemple de longues griffes puissantes ( geoxus ) adaptées pour creuser , alors que la partie palmée des pattes arrière et la queue en gouvernail des rats musqués sont adaptées à la nage .
isthmomys flavidus ( yellow isthmus rat ) isthmomys pirrensis ( mt . pirri isthmus rat )
oligoryzomys andinus ( andean pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys arenalis ( sandy pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys brendae ( brenda’s colilargo ) oligoryzomys chacoensis ( chacoan pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys delticola ( delta pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys destructor ( destructive pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys eliurus ( brazilian pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys flavescens ( yellow pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys fornesi ( fornes’ colilargo ) oligoryzomys fulvescens ( fulvous pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys griseolus ( grayish pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys longicaudatus ( long - tailed pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys magellanicus ( magellanic pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys microtis ( small - eared pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys nigripes ( black - footed pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys stramineus ( straw - colored colilargo ) oligoryzomys vegetus ( sprightly pygmy rice rat ) oligoryzomys victus ( st . vincent pygmy rice rat )
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a new species of litomosoides is described from sigmodontine murids occurring in the rain forests of misiones , argentina . litomosoides anguyai n . sp . , a parasite of the abdominal cavity of oxymycterus misionalis , belongs to the sigmodontis group and is closely related to l . legerae and l . oxymycteri . the new species is differentiated by the salient amphids , an asymmetrical annular thickening of the buccal capsule , by the arrangement of the head and tail papillae , and the shape and size of the microfilaria .
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
chitwood , b . c . ( 1938 ) some nematodes from the caves of yucatan .
crespo , j . ( 1982 ) ecología de la comunidad de mamíferos del parque nacional iguazú , misiones .
n . sp . de la cavidad peritoneal de la rata de los cañaverales de tabacal , salta .
n . sp . from the ashy opossum in brazil ( nematoda : filarioidea ) .
( nematoda : filarioidea ) in sigmodontines ( rodentia : muridae ) from rio de la plata marshland , argentina .
sigmodontinae is the second - largest subfamily of muroid rodents , with 377 species and 74 genera in eight tribes . members of this group , the new world rats and mice , display a vast array of habits and physical characteristics that is surpassed in scope only by the
musser , g . , m . carleton . 2005 . superfamily muroidea . d wilson , d reeder , eds . mammal species of the world . baltimore and london : the johns hopkins university press .
sigmodontines range from tierra del fuego north throughout south america , central america , and mexico , and into the united states as far north as nebraska and new jersey . they are also found on the galapagos islands .
nowak , r . 1999 . walker ' s mammals of the world , vol . ii . baltimore and london : the johns hopkins university press .
sigmodontines are small to medium - large muroid rodents - - head and body length ranges from 62 to 360 mm , tail length ranges from 30 to 330 mm , and they weigh 7 to 455 grams . they are extremely diverse in body form , resembling
, which has the formula 1 / 1 , 0 / 0 , 0 / 0 , 2 / 2 = 12 . the
) . each molar has a longitudinal enamel crest ( mure or murid ) . the molars range from
, and the third molars are usually smaller than the second molars . sigmodontine skulls generally have flat
is of parallel construction . all other sigmodontine skull characteristics vary widely . a skeletal characteristic shared by most sigmodontines is the presence of a prominant neural spine on the second thoracic vertebra . finally , sigmodontines have one - or two - chambered stomachs , and the tongue bears a single circumvallate papilla .
carleton , m . , g . musser . 1984 . muroid rodents . pp . 289 - 379 in d wilson , d reeder , eds . orders and families of recent mammals of the world . new york : john wiley and sons .
sigmodontines live in a wide range of habitat types , including grasslands , deserts , wet and dry forests , scrub forests , savannahs , steppes , agricultural areas , marshes , swamps , streams , sandy coastlines , barren highlands , alpine meadows , and human habitations . they live at elevations from sea level to over 5 , 500 meters .
these rodents are herbivorous , omnivorous , or carnivorous . foods consumed by the group as a whole include : grasses , seeds , fruit , berries , fungi , lichen ,
sigmodontines are primary and higher - level consumers , and they are food for a wide range of other animals . some species are commensal with humans , depending on human food stores or agriculture to survive . others take advantage of burrows made by other animals , such as armadillos (
. some , as mentioned in the previous section , rely on other animals to help them avoid predation . finally , sigmodontines may be important dispersers of mycorrhizal fungi ( mangan and adler 2000 ) .
mangan , s . , g . adler . 2000 . consumption of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by terrestrial and arboreal small mammals in a panamanian cloud forest . journal of mammalogy , 81 ( 2 ) : 563 - 570 .
. the neutral - colored coats of sigmodontines may help them blend in with their background . most species are vigilant and agile , helping them to avoid predation . semiaquatic species avoid predation by quickly diving into the water when threatened . one sigmodontine species ,
sigmodontines perceive their environment using vision , hearing , touch , smell , and taste . hearing and olfaction may be especially important , as auditory and chemical cues are often used for communication . sigmodontines make a variety of squeaking sounds in social contexts , and they can detect and produce ultrasounds . territorial males use their urine and feces to scent - mark their domains .
sigmodontines have short lives . most do not make it past their first birthday . in captivity , some species have lived as long as five years .
most sigmodontines have a promiscuous mating system . during mating , a copulatory plug forms and seals the female ' s reproductive tract , preventing subsequent males from successfully fertilizing the female ' s eggs .
many rodents are prolific breeders and sigmodontines are no exception . they breed year round or seasonally , and during a year or season females often have two to three , or even six to seven litters . ovulation is spontaneous , and females of many species have a postpartum estrus , becoming pregnant again just a few hours after giving birth . in some species , the embryos do not implant until the current litter is weaned ; gestation after implantation occurs usually lasts 20 to 30 days . some species can have as many as 13 young in a litter , although many have just three to five . the young are altricial and open their eyes anywhere from 1 to 11 days after birth . they are weaned as early as five and as late as 30 days . female sigmodontines reach sexual maturity several weeks before males do . some have been known to give birth at just four weeks of age . other species mature much later , and do not reproduce until they are at least four months old .
sigmodontine females generally do not have any help in caring for their young . most build nests out of plant material where they raise their babies . the young are altricial , and they nurse for 5 to 30 days . in a few species , the young remain with the mother for a few days after weaning is complete .
) sigmodontine species on the iucn ' s red list of threatened species . in addition , three species are lacking sufficient data to be assessed , and five species have gone extinct recently ( both
iucn , 2004 .
2004 iucn red list of threatened species
( on - line ) . accessed june 29 , 2005 at urltoken .
several sigmodontine species are considered household or agricultural pests . they raid buildings , gnawing on and destroying household goods and food stores , and they damage crops . some also carry diseases such as haemorrhagic fever .
some sigmodontines are used in laboratory disease research . others are trapped for their fur .
as part of a larger definition of sigmodontinae . when those genera are included , the species count numbers at least 508 . their distribution includes much of the
sigmodontines proceeded to diversify explosively in the formerly isolated continent . they inhabit many of the same
the
thomasomyini
from the atlantic forest of brazil are generally thought to be not especially related to the
real
thomasomyini from the northern andes and amazonia . the genera wiedomys and sigmodon are generally placed in their own tribe , and the
phyllotines
irenomys , punomys , euneomys , and reithrodon are considered incertae sedis .
d ' elía , g . ; luna , l . ; gonzález , e . m . ; patterson , b . d . ( february 2006 ) .
on the sigmodontinae radiation ( rodentia , cricetidae ) : an appraisal of the phylogenetic position of rhagomys
. molecular phylogenetics and evolution ( elsevier ) 38 ( 2 ) : 558–564 . doi : 10 . 1016 / j . ympev . 2005 . 08 . 011 . pmid 16213166 .
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brazil , pará state , right bank lower rio tapajós , fordlândia ; 03º40′s , 55º30′w .
lower amazon basin , south of the rio amazonas between the rios tocantins and madeira , c brazil , as least as far south as nw mato grosso ( per additional localities reported by musser et al . , 1998 : 239 ) .
considered a small size - class species , principally compared with o . nasutus ; sister species to o . delator according to phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b data ( hoffmann et al . , 2002 ) .
at present , 4 , 700 species of extant mammals are recognized in the world , 1 , 100 of which occur in south america . bolivia is home to one third of all south american mammal fauna . to date , 319 species of native mammals have been recorded ; this number is expected to continue to increase in the future . new species and genera are still being described . consequently , a complete picture of bolivia’s mammal fauna is not yet available . a summary of current knowledge is presented .
actualmente están reconocidas en el mundo 4 , 700 especies de mamíferos vivientes , de las cuales 1 , 100 se registran en suramérica . bolivia sirve de hogar a una tercera parte de toda la fauna de mamíferos suramericana . hasta la fecha se han registrado 319 especies de mamíferos autóctonos y se espera que dicha cifra siga aumentando en el futuro . nuevas especies y géneros están siendo descritos , por lo que aún no es posible ofrecer una imagen completa de la fauna de mamíferos de bolivia . se presenta un resumen de los conocimientos acumulados hasta ahora .
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anderson s ( 1993 ) los mamíferos bolivianos : notas de distribución y claves de identifïcación . instituto de ecología , colección boliviano de fauna . la paz
anderson s ( 1997 ) mammals of bolivia , taxonomy and distribution . bull amer mus nat hist 231 : 1–652
anderson s , koopman kf , creighton gf ( 1982 ) bats of bolivia : an annotated checklist . amer mus novit 2750 : 1–24
anderson s , riddle br , yates tl , cook ja ( 1993 ) los mamiferos del parque nacional amboró y la región de santa cruz de la sierra , bolivia . special publication , the museum of southwestern biology 2 : 1–58
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( rodentia : ctenomyidae ) in the eastern lowlands . amer mus novit 2891 : 1–20
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( rodentia , ctenomyidae ) in the highlands . amer mus novit 2980 : 1–27
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( rodentia ) and relationships of the abrocomidae . amer mus novit 2991 : 1–32
( cebidae , platyrrhini ) , a preliminary taxonomic review . fieldiana zool ns 55 : 1–109
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( sigmodontidae , muroidea ) , with a critical review of the generic content . fieldiana zool ns 79 : 1–43
from isla mocha , chile ( mammalia : octodontidae ) . z säugetierkunde 59 : 27–41
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species in this classification . to view subspecies , varieties and populations select the species .
some of the font group participants in september 2006 who saw the animals & birds noted above .
one - striped opossum ( t1 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ( in the itarare region of sao paulo ) monodelphis unistriata monodelphis unistriata is possibly extinct . it is only known from a specimen collected prior to 1842 .
linnaeus ' s mouse opossum ( ph ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ( has been called the murine mouse opossum ( from colombia to southeast brazil , in forest , roadside brush , and gardens ) marmosa murina a linneaus ' s mouse - opossum photographed during a font tour this little animal has been in the nest of an hornero .
maned three - toed sloth ( t2 ) ( bre ) ( * ) ( ph ) _ _ _ _ _ _ se ( from bahia to sao paulo , in remnant patches of atlantic forest ) bradypus torquatus br : preguica de coleira a rare maned three - toed sloth . bradypus torquatus , clinging on the trunk of a cecropia tree ( photographed by marie gardner during the font march ' 08 brazil tour ) rabbits - family leporidae
russet rice rat _ _ _ _ _ _ ( in southern brazil , eastern paraguay , and northeast argentina ) euryoryzomys ( formerly oryzomys ) russatus what was oryzomys kelloggi , the kellogg ' s rice rat , is now part of euryoryzomys russatus . oryzomys kelloggi was said to occur in minas gerais in the region of the fazenda sao geraldo .
brazilian rice rat ( bre ) _ _ _ _ _ _ hylaeamys ( formerly oryzomys ) laticeps ( change of genus for this & other species in this group in 2005 ) what was oryzomys seuanezi , the seuanez ' s rice rat , is now part of hylaeamys laticeps .
caparao grass mouse ( bre ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ( in minas gerais , on mt . caparao ) akodon mystax
candango mouse ( bre ) ( now extinct ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ( in the brasilia region ) juscelinomys candango the name for the genus juscelinomys was derived from that of the brazilian president juselino kubitschek de oliveira who created the city of brasilia , where juseclinomys candango was found in 1965 . subsequently , however , its habitat was overtaken by urban sprawl , and the species is now presumed to be extinct . two other species in the juscelinomys genus occur in bolivia , in addition to the species listed here .
( when these photos were taken ) , but during every font tour in that area .
pantanal cat ( * ) ( ph ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ms ( was part of the pampas cat ) leopardus braccata br : gato palheiro the pantanal cat ( formerly part of the more - southerly pampas cat ) photographed at night during the font tour in mato grosso do sul in september 2006 .
ocelot ( t3 ) ( * ) ( ph ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ms , mt leopardus pardalis br : gato maracaja , or jaguatirica an ocelot photographed at night during the font tour in mato grosso do sul in september 2006 . this wonderful animal has been seen nicely during numerous font tours in that area .
crab - eating fox ( * ) ( ph ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ms , mt cerdocyon ( has previously been dusicyon ) thous ( the single member of its genus ) br : cachorro - do - mato ( or graxaim ) above & below : crab - eating foxes photographed at night during our brazil tour in mato grosso do sul in september 2006 . the species has been seen during every font tour in that area .
short - eared dog ( * ) _ _ _ _ _ _ af atelocynus ( has previously been dusicyon ) microtis ( the single member of its genus ) br : cachorro do mato the short - eared dog is a rarely seen animal .
the giant otters above were photographed during a font tour in the pantanal of brazil .
crab - eating raccoon ( * ) ( ph ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ms , mt procyon cancrivorous br : mao - pelada a crab - eating raccoon photographed at night during the font brazil tour in mato grosso do sul in september 2006 .
south american coati ( * ) ( ph ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ig , mn , ms , mt , se nasua nasua br : quati or quatimunde above : two photos of the south american coati below : a group of them seen during the font brazil tour in august 2008 . ( photo below courtesy of trevor & pamela sims ) sheath - tailed bats - family emballonuridae
greater fishing bat ( also called bulldog bat ) ( * ) _ _ _ _ _ _ af , ms , mt ( from mexico to southern brazil and northern argentina , in lowlands forest , and at lakes , rivers , and along coasts ) noctilio leporinus the wingspan of noctilio leporinus is a meter , or 3 feet . in flight after dark , a greater fishing , or bulldog bat ( photo by burke korol )
pied tamarin ( t1 ) ( bre ) ( * ) _ _ _ _ _ _ am ( has been called pied bare - faced tamarin ) saguinus bicolor ( now considered a distinct species ) in previous taxonomy , there were 3 subspecies of what was called the brazilian bare - faced tamarin . these were : pied bare - faced tamarin , saguinus bicolor bicolor , martin ' s bare - faced tamarin , saguinus bicolor martinsi , ochraceous bare - face tamarin , saguinus bicolor ochraceous . the pied bare - faced tamarin ( seen during the font 2005 brazil tour ) i s restricted to a 30 kilometer radius of manaus . the other 2 species ( or subspecies ) probably range between the lower rivers uatuma and cumina ( erepecuru ) ; their range limits are not precisely known . br : sauim ( or sagui de cara nua or sagi de duascores )
white - tufted ( or common ) marmoset ( bre ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ( in northeast brazil , in piaui , ceara , paraiba , pernambuco , alagoas , and northern bahia ) callithrix jacchus the white - tufted marmoset originally occurred along the northeastern coast of brazil from the state of piaui to that of bahia . through the release of captive individuals , it also occurs now in southeastern brazil , where the first sighting in the wild in rio de janeiro was in 1929 . today it is common in the area of that city . the white - tufted marmoset was described by linnaeus in 1758 . white - tufted marmoset
black howler monkey ( * ) ( ph ) _ _ _ _ _ _ mn , ms , mt ( in south - central brazil , and in eastern bolivia south to paraguay and northeast argentina , in forests ) alouatta caraya br : guariba or bugio ( male : black ; female : brown ) above : male black howler monkey below : female black howler monkey photographed during our tour in mato grosso do sul in september 2006 .
brown howler monkey ( * ) ( ph ) _ _ _ _ _ _ mn , se ( in east - central and southeast brazil , from bahia to rio grande do sul , and in northeast argentina in misiones , in atlantic forest ) alouatta guariba ( formerly a . fusca ) br : bugio ( howler monkeys are locally called
barbados
, or
beards
, in minas gerais , because of the long hair covering their large throat sacs . ) above : a male brown howler monkey photographed during the font tour in minas gerais , brazil in october 2009 below : 2 brown howler monkeys during that same tour . this species is endangered , found only in remnants of the atlantic forest of southeast brazil . ( both photos by marie gardner )
black bearded saki ( t2 ) ( bre ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ( in northeast brazil in maranhao , in lowland rainforest of the amazon basin ) chiropates satanas the dark - nosed bearded sakis were split in 2003 into the following species in addition to chiropates satanas . previously these were considered subspecies .
black - striped capuchin ( * ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ig ( in southern brazil , and in northern argentina , paraguay , and bolivia , in forests ) sapajus ( formerly cebus ) libidinosus br : macaco prego cebus libidinosus has been called the black - striped tufted capuchin .
southern muriqui ( t1 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ( was called
woolly spider monkey
) ( in southeast brazil , in remnants of atlantic forest in rio de janeiro and sao paulo ) brachyteles arachnoides the two former subspecies brachyteles a arachnoides & brachyteles arachnoides . hypoxanthus became two distinct species in 1995 , based on geographical distribution and morphological differences . genus lagothrix
tucuxi ( * ) _ _ _ _ _ _ am ( or
gray dolphin
) sotalia fluviatilis br : tucuxi the tucuxi is found in south american rivers draining into the atlantic & the caribbean . it occurs throughout the entire amazon river basin , and also in coastal waters north to panama , occasionally to costa rica .
common bottlenose dolphin ( * ) ( ph ) _ _ _ _ _ _ rs tursiops truncatus common bottlenose dolphins have been seen during font brazil tours from shore by a rock jetty extending about 2 miles out to sea , in rio grande do sul .
pygmy brocket ( deer ) ( * ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ig ( also called bororo ) mazama nana br : veado the pygmy brocket deer is rare in a small geographic range .
sao paulo bororo ( t3 ) ( bre ) _ _ _ _ _ _ mazama bororo in 1992 , mazama bororo was reported to a be new species . that classification was predominantly based upon karyotype differences between other mazama species and the specimen found . the captive individual used for the analysis was from capao bonito , in sao paulo state . mazama bororo has a small population , and is said to be declining due to hunting and habitat loss . the total population has been estimated as 5 , 500 individuals , with mature animals being a fraction of the number . it is limited to the coastal atlantic forest in brazil . though small , the population area of mazama bororo has more than 3 , 600 square kilometers of protected areas , a number of which are connected with each other , forming one of the biggest blocks of atlantic forest in brazil .
brazilian tapir ( t3 ) ( * ) ( ph ) _ _ _ _ _ _ af , ms , mt tapirus terrestris br : anta above : a young brazilian tapir below : an adult and a young the photo below was taken at a animal scientific research facility in paraguay during a font tour ( mostly in brazil ) in august 2008 . this tapir is an endangered species in paraguay . ( lower photo by pamela sims ) manatees - family trichechidae
were seen by the rio cristalino ( in northern mato grosso ) during our august 1995 tour .
both adult and juvenile ( larger and smaller ) giant otters were seen during font tours in the rio cristalino in august 1996 , and in the pantanal in august 2003 . two giant otters were seen closely during the font brazil tour in august 2008 . they were first seen resting on the steps of a wooden dock along a river ' s edge .
spectacled caiman ( * ) _ _ _ _ _ _ af , ms , mt , rs caiman crocodilus yacare ( including the jacare caiman subspecies in the pantanal ) a spectacled caiman photographed during our tour in mato gross do sul in september 2006 . below is a caiman in brazil vertically in the water . .
bright green snake ( sp . ) ( * ) _ _ _ _ _ _ af ( swimming across rio cristalino )
sulphur butterfly ( * ) _ _ _ _ _ _ af phoebis sp .
leaf - cutter ants ( * ) _ _ _ _ _ _ af , rs , ug atta sp .


phyllonorycter engelhardiae is a moth of the gracillariidae family .

it is known from the nepal .

the wingspan is about 6 mm .

the larvae feed on engelhardia spicata .

they mine the leaves of their host plant .

the mine has the form of a rather small blotch occurring upon the upper side of the leaves , usually situated along the leaf-margin or on the space between two lateral veins .

it is oval or circular in form .

the upper epidermis of the leaf on the mining part is whitish , blistered or weakly wrinkled and without any distinct ridges in accomplished condition .

phyllonorycter engelhardiae

chapters : phyllonorycter apparella , phyllonorycter crataegella , phyllonorycter basistrigella , phyllonorycter tritaenianella , phyllonorycter celtisella , phyllonorycter issikii , phyllonorycter symphoricarpaeella , phyllonorycter salicifoliella , phyllonorycter lucetiella , phyllonorycter aeriferella , phyllonorycter mespilella , phyllonorycter albanotella , phyllonorycter messaniella , phyllonorycter corylifoliella , phyllonorycter ostryaefoliella , phyllonorycter leucographella , phyllonorycter fitchella , phyllonorycter robiniella , phyllonorycter staintoniella , phyllonorycter kuhlweiniella , phyllonorycter lucidicostella , phyllonorycter emberizaepenella , phyllonorycter tiliacella , phyllonorycter populiella , phyllonorycter turanica , phyllonorycter argentifimbriella , phyllonorycter morrisella , phyllonorycter salictella , phyllonorycter obscuricostella , phyllonorycter tristrigella , phyllonorycter scudderella , phyllonorycter quercifoliella , phyllonorycter medicaginella , phyllonorycter distentella , phyllonorycter platani , phyllonorycter deserticola , phyllonorycter mildredae , phyllonorycter mariaeella , phyllonorycter harrisella , phyllonorycter roboris , phyllonorycter conista , phyllonorycter hagenii , phyllonorycter blancardella , phyllonorycter muelleriella , phyllonorycter strigulatella , phyllonorycter heegeriella , phyllonorycter sorbi , phyllonorycter geniculella , phyllonorycter argentinotella , phyllonorycter erugatus , phyllonorycter pastorella , phyllonorycter oxyacanthae , phyllonorycter olivaeformis , phyllonorycter sagitella , phyllonorycter tenerella , phyllonorycter quercialbella , phyllonorycter celtifoliella , phyllonorycter esperella , phyllonorycter mannii , phyllonorycter salicicolella , phyllonorycter nigrescentella , phyllonorycter malella , phyllonorycter froelichiella , phyllonorycter lautella , phyllonorycter quinqueguttella , phyllonorycter hilarella , phyllonorycter apicinigrella , phyllonorycter uhlerella , phyllonorycter stettinensis , phyllonorycter populifoliella , phyllonorycter fragilella , phyllonorycter acanthus , phyllonorycter klemannella , phyllonorycter ulmifoliella , phyllonorycter millierella , phyllonorycter acerifoliella , phyllonorycter clemensella , phyllonorycter myricella , phyllonorycter penangensis , phyllonorycter kearfottella , phyllonorycter joannisi , phyllonorycter dubitella , phyllonorycter caryaealbella , phyllonorycter rileyella , phyllonorycter schreberella , phyllonorycter comparella , phyllonorycter junoniella , phyllonorycter cerasicolella , phyllonorycter rajella , phyllonorycter nipigon , phyllonorycter juncei , phyllonorycter propinquinella , phyllonorycter himalayana , phyllonorycter insignitella , phyllonorycter luzonica , phyllonorycter auronitens , phyllonorycter abrasella , phyllonorycter viminetorum , phyllonorycter helianthemella , phyllonorycter latus , phyllonorycter nicellii , phyllonorycter kumatai , phyllonorycter malayana , phyllonorycter yamadai , phyllonorycter spinicolella , phyllonorycter engelhardiae , phyllonorycter nepalensis , phyllonorycter tribhuvani , phyllonorycter belotella , phyllonorycter connexella , phyllonorycter kisoensis , phyllonorycter triarcha , phyllonorycter lantanella , phyllonorycter diaphanella , phyllonorycter cinctata , phyllonorycter parisiella , phyllonorycter pseuditeina , phyllonorycter delitella , phyllonorycter trifasciella , phyllonorycter oreas , phyllonorycter trinotella , phyllonorycter pruinosella , phyllonorycter ovalifoliae , phyllonorycter drepanota , phyllonorycter ilicifoliella , phyllonorycter scabiosella , phyllonorycter hostis , phyllonorycter insignis , phyllonorycter scopariella , phyllonorycter anderidae , phyllonorycter ringoniella , phyllonorycter carpini , phyllonorycter acutissimae , phyllonorycter elmaella , phyllonorycter klimeschiella , phyllonorycter martiella , phyllonorycter japonica , phyllonorycter cydoniella , phyllonorycter pygmaea , phyllonorycter cephalariae , phyllonorycter rubicola , phyllonorycter sublautella , phyllonorycter pterocaryae , phyllonorycter maestingella , phyllonorycter dentifera , phyllonorycter joz .
guldmalar är ett släkte av fjärilar som beskrevs av hübner 1822 . guldmalar ingår i familjen styltmalar . phyllonorycter aberrans
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vad betyder guldmalar ? här finner du 2 definitioner av guldmalar . du kan även lägga till betydelsen av guldmalar själv
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it was described by meyrick in 1913 .

it is found in south africa .

the wingspan is about 16 mm .

the forewings are ochreous-whitish with the costal edge blackish at the base .

the hindwings are light grey .

compsoctena ostracitis

compsoctena ostracitis is a moth in the eriocottidae family . it was described by meyrick in 1913 . [ 1 ] it is found in south africa . [ 2 ]
compsoctena primella zeller , 1852 ; k . vetenskakad . handl . 1852 : 87
melasina ostracitis meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 334 ; tl : noordkaap
compsoctena - species dictionary - southern africa : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
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[ south africa , cape province ] , noordkaap , i , leg . jeffrey .
meyrick e . 1913b . descriptions of south african micro - lepidoptera . iv - annals of the transvaal museum 3 ( 4 ) : 267—336 .
melasina cyclatma meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 746 ; tl : transvaal , ne . pretoria district
alavona indecorella walker , 1863 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 28 : 515
melasina aedifica meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 744 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria
melasina aethalea meyrick , 1907 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 1 ) : 159 ; tl : khasi hills
melasina brachyctenis meyrick , 1909 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 5 ( 7 ) : 364 ; tl : cape colony , vryburg
melasina fossoria meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 310 ; tl : transvaal , junction of crocodile and marico rivers
melasina microctenis meyrick , 1914 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 8 ) : 253 ; tl : matabeleland , bulawayo
melasina dermatodes meyrick , 1914 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 8 ) : 253 ; tl : matabeleland , bulawayo
melasina autoderma meyrick , 1914 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 8 ) : 253 ; tl : matabeleland , bulawayo
melasina byrseis meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 16 - 17 ) : 518 ; tl : belgian congo , elisabethville
melasina agria meyrick , 1909 ; ann . transv . mus . 2 ( 1 ) : 27 , pl . 8 , f . 8 ; tl : pretoria
niphocosma ( meyrick , 1934 ) ( melasina ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 16 - 17 ) : 483
melasina susurrans meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 82 ; tl : woodbush village
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
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zeller , 1852 lepidoptera microptera quae j . a . wahlberg in caffrorum terra collegit k . vetenskakad . handl . 1852 : 1 - 120
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the wingspan is about 16 mm . the forewings are ochreous - whitish with the costal edge blackish at the base . the hindwings are light grey . [ 3 ]
meyrick , e . 1913b . descriptions of south african micro - lepidoptera . iv - annals of the transvaal museum 3 ( 4 ) : 334 archived march 15 , 2016 , at the wayback machine .
this page was last edited on 20 may 2018 , at 05 : 27 .
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the granular ringlet ( ypthima granulosa ) is a butterfly of the nymphalidae family .
zenonia zeno , the orange - spotted skipper , orange - spotted bellboy or common bellboy , is a butterfly of the hesperiidae family .
cometaster pyrula , commonly known as the faint owl moth or ying - yang moth , is a species of moth of the erebidae family .
pontia helice , the meadow white , is a butterfly in the family pieridae .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .


saumarez ( foaled 28 march 1987 in great britain ) is a thoroughbred racehorse who won france 's most prestigious race , the prix de l'arc de triomphe in 1990 .

saumarez ( horse )

for everything you need to know about horse racing . free horse racing tips from professional punters and betting secrets to increase your horse racing profits .
the - racehorse is an online horse racing and breeding magazine with information on horse racing and breeding statistics .
crillon was sired by saumarez out of the dam shangrila crillon was foaled on 01 of august in 1996 .
welcome to horseracing . com . au , australia ' s premier site for horse racing news .
“he was the perfect racehorse , a beautiful horse with a terrific action . speed , class and a super - intelligent horse to go with it – he had it all . ” aidan o’brien
1st dam : funsie by saumarez . unraced . dam of 10 foals , 6 to race , 3 winners :
only the third horse since nijinsky to land the guineas / derby double following nashwan and sea the stars .
byword’s female line descendants , notably peacetime ; horse chestnut & bodrum ( and sisters ) ; cherry pepper & daughters .
crillon is a 20 year old bay horse . crillon is trained by e c cowan , at mackay and owned by .
the strapline on this article describes charles saumarez smith as the
new
director of the national gallery . he was appointed in 2002 .
rainbow quest ( spectrum , saumarez ) and his sire blushing groom ( jallad , kabool , our casey’s boy , waldoboro , lundy’s liability , comic blush , etc . ) .
over the last few years , the military collection has been acquiring water - colors and drawings by gerald le marchant saumarez . this talented artist was born in cheltenham , gloucestershire , england , in june 1859 , the son of colonel john st . vincent saumarez , 3rd baron de saumarez and margaret antoinette northey . he came from a long line of guernsey military heroes the most notable being james saumarez , 1st baron de saumarez ( 1757–1836 ) who was second in command to nelson at the battle of the nile . gerald himself enlisted in the 3rd battalion of the east kent regiment as a lieutenant at the age of 22 in march 1882 . although he had a very short army career of less than 2 years , he was with the buffs in egypt in the year he enlisted . he resigned his commission in december 1883 . during the first world war , he saw service in france as a lieutenant although by now he was fairly advanced in years . he died a bachelor in london on 16 june , 1941 aged 81 and was buried in brompton cemetery .
eh gombrich ' s simple yet rigorous guide the story of art inspired charles saumarez smith as a student . years later , and the new director of the national gallery , he finds the work as essential as ever
mossborough ( dupont , casey tibbs , centenary , kabool , saumarez , spectrum , tobe or nottobe ) and other strong backgrounds of the mare selene ( fort wood , kabool , forli , mares from the e - family , etc . ) .
i was asked to give a talk this morning to an all - staff meeting held in the ra schools . i found myself admiring the cast of a horse which half dominates the space in an unobtrusive manner and wondering about its history . the students in the schools were required to draw from the antique . hence the presence of large numbers of casts of statues from the antique . then they graduated to drawing from the living model . i don’t know if they were also expected , like stubbs , to know and understand the anatomy of a horse . and i haven’t been able to find out much about the history of the horse , apart from the fact that it is sometimes thought – presumably wrongly – to be a cast of copenhagen , wellington’s horse at waterloo ; and that it was given to the schools in 1919 by f . w . calderon , who ran a school of animal painting : -
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for french connection ( nzl ) . french connection ( nzl ) is a gelding born in 2008 september 8 by volksraad out of plaza doree
saumarez ( gb ) dkb / br . h , 1987 { 16 - a } dp = 16 - 0 - 18 - 10 - 4 ( 48 ) di = 1 . 09 cd = 0 . 29 - 9 starts , 5 wins , 1 places , 0 shows career earnings : $ 1 , 398 , 326
laura is a keen horsewoman , and has owned her own horses for fifteen years . her two pro bono activities are equine related – the british equestrian federation and ebony horse club in brixton – giving her experience of a wide range of equine issues and understanding of related governance in charitable and governing body sectors .
- saumarez - storoen ( mtoto ) , 4 wins , 211 500 ff . - balliol boy ( nashwan ) , 1 win , 3rd thresher classic trial ( gr . 3 ) , 4th tripleprint derby trial st . ( gr . 3 ) , 4th derby italiano ( gr . 1 ) - caxton star ( soviet star ) , 6 wins , 3rd grand handicap de deauville and 830 982 ff .
dalmary ( simon’s hoes ) female line descendants , notably sadler’s wells ( fort wood , horse chestnut , casey tibbs , cherry pepper , etc . ) , nureyev ( caesour , wolfhound , tobe or nottobe , var , parade leader , etc . ) , fairy king ( tara’s halls , second empire ) , golden thatch ( goldmark ) , waterville lake , thatching , etc .
he ran his last race in paris at the prix des arc de triomphe . dylan thomas won this event at odds of 11 / 2 . authorized heavily backed and sent off at evens was never in contention to win the race , taking the wide outside route . frankie dettori ' s words as he dismounted were
this was not the same horse i ' m used to riding
.
authorized was foaled on 14 february 2004 and was sired by montjeu , winner of the irish derby , prix du jockey club and prix de l ' arc de triomphe in 1999 and the king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes in 2000 . authorized’s dam , the unraced funsie , was sired by saumarez , winner of the prix de l ' arc de triomphe in 1990 . funsie is owned by the irish jockey mick kinane , who is one - third of the partnership which bred authorized . kinane would go on to ride against authorized in the 2007 epsom derby , finishing last on archipenko .
authorized retired as a racehorse on wednesday 10 october just a few days after his disappointing race in paris . trainer of authorized chapple - hyam hailed the son of montjeu as
the king
. chapple - hyam :
authorized is the king . he is the best horse i ' ve ever trained and i ' ll never forget him .
he continued :
he goes with the best wishes of everyone connected to the yard and i ' m sure he ' ll be a big success as a stallion . i look forward to one day hopefully training his progeny ,
he told peterchapplehyam . com .
i was given my copy of ernst gombrich ' s the story of art , first published in 1950 , when i was 15 . i was studying for history of art a level and the person with whom i was sharing a study at school rightly thought that it might be useful . it has travelled with me ever since , alongside art and illusion and norm and form and gombrich ' s other collected writings , beginning with meditations on a hobby horse and including his brilliant short essay , in search of cultural history . they all still sit in my office on the top shelf , the cornerstone of my art historical library .
9 races , 5 wins and placed 3 times . won 7 467 024 ff .
at 3 : prix de l ' arc de triomphe ( gr . 1 - 12 f ) grand prix de paris ( gr . 1 - 10 f ) , prix du prince d ' orange ( gr . 3 - 10 f ) , aldborough st . ( ripon - 8 f ) , harvester graduation st . ( sandown - 8 f ) , 2nd dee st . ( l . ) , 5th breeders ' cup turf ( gr . 1 - belmont - 12 f )
stretarez - prix vicomtesse vigier ( gr . 2 ) , de barbeville ( gr . 3 ) , ormonde stakes ( gr . 3 ) , prix right royal ( l . ) steward - grand prix de chantilly ( gr . 2 ) , grosser preis der wirtschaft ( gr . 2 ) , grand prix de vichy ( gr . 3 ) , prix d ' hédouville ( gr . 3 ) loxias - prix jean de chaudenay ( gr . 2 ) , coupe des 3 ans ( l . - lyon , derby de l ' ouest ( l . ) , le lion d ' angers , 2nd prix d ' hédouville ( gr . 3 ) , 3rd grand prix de saint - cloud ( gr . 1 ) belcore - grosser müller brot preis ( gr . 2 ) silver fun - prix de malleret ( gr . 3 ) katun - prix de barbeville ( gr . 3 ) , 2nd prix de barbeville ( gr . 3 ) maroussie - prix fille de l ' air ( gr . 3 ) luna mareza - prix corrida ( gr . 3 ) sacred fire - prix du fonds européen de l ' elevage ( l . ) supreme commander - prix isonomy ( l . ) fuenji - prix ronde de nuit ( l . ) toto le heros - premio botticelli ( l . ) mayaro - grand prix de marseille ( l . ) , prix vulcain ( l . ) , prix lord seymour ( l . ) crillon - prix denisy ( l . ) , 2nd prix jean de chaudenay ( gr . 2 ) , foy ( gr . 2 ) , d ' hédouville ( gr . 3 ) , 3rd prix vicomtesse vigier ( gr . 2 ) rainer - premio principe amadeo ( l . )
rippling ring , 3rd south african derby ( gr . 1 ) soreze , 3rd prix gladiateur ( gr . 3 ) gloirez , 2nd prix du carrousel ( l . ) , 3rd prix de barbeville ( gr . 3 ) coventgarden , 3rd prix lord seymour ( l . )
in jumping races philastre - prix maurice gillois ( st . - gr . 1 ) , prix finot ( hurdles ) , jean granel ( h . ) , général donnio ( st . ) , 3rd prix hypothèse ( h . - gr . 3 ) baleare - prix prince d ' ecouen ( h . - l . ) , christian de tredern ( h . ) , 2nd prix de besançon ( h . - l . ) , 3rd prix dawn run ( h . - l . ) , jean bart ( h . - l . ) le prestigieux - prix rose or no ( l . ) , 5th grande course de haies de printemps ( gr . 3 )
irish dude - 4th gran premio di merano ( gr . 1 ) goldrez - prix hardatit ( h . ) passy - secret d ' etat
6 wins . prix de l ' arc de triomphe ( gr . 1 ) , coronation cup ( gr . 1 ) , 2nd irish derby ( gr . 1 ) , dewhurst st . ( gr . 1 ) , eclipse st . ( gr . 1 ) , craven st . ( gr . 3 ) , 3rd prix du jockey - club ( gr . 1 ) , 2000 guineas ( gr . 1 ) king george vi and queen elizabeth st . ( gr . 1 ) .
1st dam fiesta fun , 4 wins , 3rd yorkshire oaks ( gr . 1 ) , hoover mile ( gr . 3 ) . dam of 6 winners :
- isabelle sharp , 2 wins , 3rd molecomb st . ( gr . 3 ) . broodmare . - chirac , swedish derby ( l . ) , 2nd jockey - klibbens jubileumslopning ( l . )
- carniola , 4 wins , prix rose de mai ( l . ) and 335 000 ff . broodmare .
2nd dam antigua 1 win , galtres st . ( l . ) . dam of 8 winners :
- cedar grove ( relko ) 2 wins . sire . - anegada ( welsh pageant ) , unplaced . dam of :
- john french , 5 wins , gordon st . ( gr . 3 ) , 3rd benson and hedges gold cup ( gr . 1 ) , princess of wales st . ( gr . 2 ) and won 58 034 pounds . sire in australia . - anacreonte , 6 wins , 3rd premio firenze ( l . ) - flamingo pond , 3 wins , 2nd radley st . ( l . ) , 3rd virginia st . ( l . ) . broodmare . - ruffling point , injured . dam of :
- brother in law 2 wins , 2nd prix de suresnes ( l . )
- derrylin ( derring do ) , 6 wins , horris hill st . ( gr . 3 ) , ascot 2000 guineas trial ( gr . 3 ) , greenham st . ( gr . 3 ) , clarence house st . ( l . ) , washington singer st . ( l . ) . sire . - fiesta fun ( welsh pageant ) , see above . - treasure hunter ( full of hope ) 10 wins , 45 683 pounds in flat and jumping races .
3rd dam nassau 5 wins , lonsdale produce st . ( l . ) , doncaster produce st . ( l . ) , princess st . ( l . ) , 2nd cherry hinton st . ( gr . 3 ) , 3rd king george st . ( gr . 3 ) , 4th queen mary st . ( gr . 3 ) . dam of 6 winners :
- andros ( borealis ) , 8 wins in gb and denmark ( doncaster produce st . ) . sire . - cuba ( hyperion ) , 3 wins . dam of :
- fidel 4 wins , newbury autumn cup hdp . ( l . ) . sire . - julieta 2 wins , orleans nursery hdp . ( l . ) . dam of winners . - maracas , placed . dam of :
- morgan 21 wins , premio giacomo ( l . ) - havana , unplaced , 2nd dam of edelito 4 wins , gran premio nacional derby ( gr . 1 ) , gran premio criadores national ( gr . 1 ) in uruguay ; legador , premio ensayo ( gr . 2 ) in uruguay .
- murrayfield 9 wins , coventry st . , 3rd dewhurst st . , sussex st . sire .
2nd dam of : select prince 4 wins , champagne st . ( gr . 1 ) in australia . sire .
- st lucia ( alycidon ) , 2 wins , coronation st . ( gr . 2 ) , lancashire oaks ( gr . 3 ) , 2nd cheshire oaks ( gr . 3 ) , princess royal st . ( gr . 3 ) , 4th yorkshire oaks ( gr . 1 ) . dam of :
- executor 10 wins , tattersalls nursery hdp . ( l . ) , 2nd prince of wales ' s st . ( gr . 2 ) , 3rd duke of york st . ( gr . 3 ) - relcia 1 win , 3rd ribblesdale st . ( gr . 2 ) , 4th princess elizabeth st . ( l . ) . dam of :
- reltop , 1 win . dam of fugitiva , 3 wins in spain , 2nd premio banesto ( oaks - gr . 1 ) , premio ricardo ruiz - benitez de lugo ( l . ) ; brother patrick , 2 wins , 3rd horris hill st . ( gr . 3 ) , 4th solario st . ( gr . 3 ) , italian derby ( gr . 1 ) ; macho boy , 2 wins , 4th solario st . ( gr . 3 ) ; summit , 2 wins , 3rd queen ' s vase ( gr . 3 )
- ho han wai , 3 wins , prix corrida ( gr . 3 ) . dam of winners .
- tobago ( borealis ) , 8 wins , 2nd oxfordshire st . ( gr . 2 ) , 3rd white rose st . ( gr . 3 ) . sire . - antigua ( hyperion ) , see above .
breeder : mrs e longton ( gb ) winnings : 9 starts : 5 - 1 - 0 , $ 1 , 398 , 326 at 3 : 1º prix de l´arc de triomphe ( fr - g1 , 12f , t ) , grand prix de paris ( fr - g1 , 12f , t ) , prix du prince d ' orange ( fr - g3 , 10f , t ) ; 2º dee stakes ( gb - l , 10f , t ) raced in england , france , ireland and usa champion 3 - year - old colt in france . at stud in 1991 ; stands at haras du quesnay . in 2001 at stud at odessa stud in ceres , western cape , south africa . died 2012 . ( close )
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winx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .
t . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .
color : dkb / br height : 1 . 62m ( gb ) . died 2012 ( close )
early favourite to take out saturday’s group 1 $ 1 , 000 , 000 robert sangster stakes ( 1200m ) in adelaide , local hope viddora has come up trumps with barrier one in the morphettville feature .
the world’s best racehorse , winx , has been celebrated by the australian turf club ( atc ) getting the warwick stakes renamed in her honour .
the championships day 2 results will be known shortly and you can stay up to date with all the news at horseracing . com . au .
open an account with betfair and bet at least €5 at min odds of 1 / 5 on the sportsbook . win or lose betfair match your first bet up to €50 . free bet stakes not returned
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sky sports news takes you through all of the day ' s racing news , plus alex hammond ' s tip of the day .
follow the latest from the written press with the best gossip and speculation from the papers .
sky has launched a pub finder for eager fans wanting to find a venue to watch sky sports .
get a sports star to visit your old secondary school as part of our free schools initiative .
how right you are ! the cast has been a hugely neglected element of art education for too long .
of course the v & a has wonderful casts , though not many of humans and animals , and the ashmolean has a very fine collection but , like taxidermy , the cast hafallen from grace somewhat . let’s hope the new ra schools will re - establish it .
the best derby winner standing in france who is now a proven g1 sire . a g1 winner from 8 - 12f , he’s sired g1 horses from 8 - 15f including g1 winners ambivalent and seal of approval plus hartnell in australia .
by montjeu ( 1996 ) prix de l’arc de triomphe ( g1 ) , etc . sire of 1 , 499 foals aged three and up , including authorized , bracelet , camelot , chicquita , fame and glory , frozen fire , gallante , green moon , hurricane run , jan vermeer , joshua tree , jukebox jury , leading light , masked marvel , montare , montmartre , motivator , offer , pour moi , recital , scorpion , speed gifted , st nicholas abbey , tavistock , etc .
empowered ( c fasliyev ) 3 wins ( 10f - 12f ) at 3 and 4 .
2nd dam : vallee dansante by lyphard . winner ( 8f ) . dam of 9 winners :
brooklyn’s dance ( f shirley heights ) 3 wins at 2 and 3 , prix cleopatre ( g3 ) . dam of :
solemia ( f poliglote ) prix de l’arc de triomphe ( g1 ) , prix corrida ( g2 ) , 2nd prix du conseil de paris ( g2 ) , 3rd prix vermeille ( g1 ) .
prospect park ( c sadler’s wells ) la coupe de maisons - laffitte ( g3 ) , 2nd prix du jockey club ( g1 ) .
never green ( f halling ) prix occitanie . grandam of : soustraction ( f lope de vega ) prix d ' aumale ( g3 ) , 2nd prix vanteaux ( g3 ) , 3rd prix saint - alary ( g1 ) .
brooklyn’s storm ( f storm cat ) winner . dam of : pollara ( f camelot ) prix de royaumont ( g3 ) . grandam of : silasol ( f monsun ) champion two - year - old filly in france , prix saint - alary ( g1 ) , prix marcel boussac ( g1 ) .
princesse dansante ( f king’s best ) winner at 3 , prix joubert . dam of :
krissante ( f kris ) winner at 2 , 2nd prix saraca , prix la sorellina . dam of :
quest of fire ( f rainbow quest ) winner at 3 . dam of :
quila ( f unfuwain ) winner at 2 . dam of : quijano ( g acatenango ) grosser preis von baden ( g1 ) , gran premio di milano ( g1 ) , twice .
3rd dam : green valley by val de loir . unraced . dam of 13 winners :
green dancer ( c nijinsky ) poule d’essai des poulains ( g1 ) , observer gold cup ( g1 ) , prix lupin ( g1 ) . champion sire .
val danseur ( c nijinsky ) golden gate h ( g2 ) , 3rd sunset h ( g1 ) . sire .
ercolano ( c sir ivor ) prix du lys ( g3 ) , prix d ' iena . sire .
soviet lad ( c nureyev ) prix de pontarme , 2nd bernard baruch h ( g1 ) . sire .
alhaarth ( c unfuwain ) champion two - year - old colt in europe , dewhurst s ( g1 ) . sire .
dhelaal ( f green desert ) unraced . dam of : makfi ( c dubawi ) champion three - year - old colt in europe , 2 , 000 guineas ( g1 ) , prix jacques le marois ( g1 ) . sire .
, 8f , newbury , beating charlie farnsbarns , medicine path , eagle mountain , thousand words , sunshine kid , regime , petara bay , drumfire .
, 12f , epsom , by 5l , beating eagle mountain , aqaleem , lucarno , soldier of fortune , salford mill , kid mambo , yellowstone , acapulco , admiralofthefleet , mahler , anton chekhov , regime , petara bay , strategic prince , archipenko .
, 10½f , york , beating dylan thomas , notnowcato , duke of marmalade , asiatic boy , hattan , song of hiawatha .
, 10½f , york , by 4l , beating raincoat , al shemali , adagio .
, 10f , sandown , to notnowcato , beating george washington , yellowstone , admiralofthefleet , kandidate , archipenko , champerey .
all nine of darley ' s stallions in france will be on show at haras du logis on sunday 21 january from 10 . 30am - 4pm .
all nine of the darley stallions in france will be on show on sunday , 21 january as haras du logis throws open its doors to visitors from 10 . 30am - 4pm as part of normandy’s route des etalons .
pounamu has established himself as one of the form horses of western australian racing , adding the g2 van heemst stakes to a pair of major victories earlier this summer .
pounamu produced one of his typical storming finishes to account for a high - class field in the g1 kingston town classic at ascot , western australia , on 9 december .
authorized enjoyed a superb day on saturday , 4 november when he recorded an outstanding three black type winners .
the darley stallions have enjoyed another outstanding year on the racecourse , siring 24 g1 winners around the world in 2017 . iffraaj ' s champion miler ribchester heads the line up of new stallions for 2018 .
european champion miler ribchester will stand at kildangan stud for €30 , 000 in 2018 .
multiple g1 winner hartnell returned to racing with a bang on 19 august , producing a brilliant performance at caulfield to win the g2 p b lawrence stakes over seven furlongs .
dating back to the 1700s , ascot’s royal meeting is one of the centrepieces of the summer social calendar and the highlight of the year for the berkshire racecourse .
copyright © 2000 - 2017 the hong kong jockey club . all rights reserved .
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just as the sibaya yearling sale appears to show a rise in quality offered , so are the entries for the sibaya broodmare sale of higher calibre than we remember from previous years . with the breeding industry facing an apparent shortage of quality mares , there will no doubt be fierce competition for the more promising mares amongst the 58 lots on offer . karel miedema takes a look at their pedigrees , in sire order .
al mufti ( 32 ) sonora blair is a half sister to 9 winners including highclass travis mcgee and countess michelle . for the pedigree minded , their grandam dance away is inbred 3x3 to davy gordon , himself an inbred stallion , 4x3 to ayrshire’s son symington . davy gordon’s sire mr jinks appears three times in dance away . the common factors between the sires of travis mcgee and countess michelle are nashua , count fleet and raise a native – which are elements close - up in a major sire : mr prospector . take that one back to sonora blair together with al mufti’s affinity - mate buckpasser and you might be cooking . a sire like seeking the gold ( in lecture ) has them both . lecture has 22 lines of ayrshire in his background as well , nine from seeking the gold . pedigrees can be fun !
result of enquiries ( j . o’shea , j . osborne and l . cumani ) heard by the disciplinary panel on thursday 2 february
in absence – john o’shea 1 . the disciplinary panel of the british horseracing authority on 2 february 2017 held an enquiry to establish whether or not john o’shea , a licensed trainer , …
the main role of the bha’s board is to provide strategic leadership and direction , and assist the executive in delivering the bha’s nine strategic objectives . the board is comprised of twelve directors and meets eight times per year .
nick rust has over 27 years of experience in the betting and gaming industry , and joined the bha from ladbrokes plc , where he was managing director , retail , in january 2015 . in his previous role he had oversight of around 2 , 500 betting shops and 13 , 000 staff . he re - joined ladbrokes in 2011 , having started at the firm as a cashier in 1987 , and held roles at bskyb between 2002 and 2007 , including as managing director of skybet , and at gala coral from 2007 to 2010 , including as managing director , remote gambling and coral retail . he has extensive experience in industry and corporate affairs , having managed key relationships with government and regulators . nick oversaw the establishment of british racing’s tripartite structure through the members’ agreement , an industry - wide strategy for growth and replacement of the horserace betting levy , and has excellent relationships across british racing . nick is also a non - executive director of york theatre royal .
andrew merriam is a qualified chartered accountant with more than 30 years’ experience in financial services and banking and 10 years’ experience running the bradfords group , the leading privately - owned supplier of building materials in the uk . andrew is a chairman and a director with a number of other companies , including a director of fakenham racecourse , as well as a trustee of racing to school , retraining of racehorses and the british racing school . andrew is also an independent director and chairman of the point - to - point authority board , as well as chairman of the bha’s rules committee , the stewarding and disciplinary policy committee and the audit committee . he was previously a chairman of the disciplinary panel and a member of the regulatory committee .
andrew has acted as a racecourse steward at newmarket , cheltenham , fakenham , southwell and yarmouth . andrew merriam was elected to the jockey club in 1997 . he is chairman of jockey club estates and was appointed a steward , for the second time , in 2008 .
andrew owns and breeds national hunt horses to race under rules and in point - to - points .
an experienced non - executive director in sports organisations , atholl spent nearly 25 years with the bbc , initially as a journalist and tv news and sports producer , before rising to be head of news and current affairs for the bbc in scotland . he spent four years as director of corporate affairs with scottish water and since 2011 has been executive director of icas , the professional body of chartered accountants . atholl sits on numerous advisory boards , has worked with the government on various business issues and has good knowledge of sports administration and governance . he was a non - executive director of sportscotland for nine years , sat on the scottish sports council trust and currently sits on the board of the hibernian football club community foundation . atholl has been a regular race goer for more than 35 years and is a member of the caledonian racing society .
julie harrington has considerable knowledge and experience in british horseracing as a result of her eight year career with northern racing . her final appointment was as operations director and prior to that she was managing director of uttoxeter racecourse .
julie’s early career was with whitbread inns as regional marketing director and then with british airways as retail sector director . previously st george’s park managing director , operations director across the fa’s sites in burton - upon - trent and at wembley stadium , and is now the chief executive officer of british cycling .
nöel harwerth and her husband are former breeders who now buy yearlings in britain and ireland and race in britain . nöel is active in both british and us racing and is involved with the national museum of racing and hall of fame .
she was previously a government appointee on the board of the tote and is currently nonexecutive director on a number of high profile financial services organisations , including standard life plc , ge capital bank limited and london metal exchange . from 1998 to 2003 nöel was the chief operating officer of citibank international and prior to that served as the chief tax officer of citigroup , dun & bradstreet corporation and kennecott copper corporation . she is also a qualified solicitor .
as the ceo of sports gaming limited , a london - based management consultancy to the gaming industry , joe has for the past 15 years advised and worked closely with lotteries , governments , investment banks and operating companies on strategy , operational restructuring , finance and merger and acquisition . he continues to work with the ontario lottery as a internet gaming expert , helping them move their land - based operations online . in 2012 joe co - founded bede gaming ltd , a provider of technology to the online casino and bingo industries , and one of the fastest growing companies in the north - east . bede gaming is licensed by the uk gambling commission and other international regulatory bodies . joe has an mba from the wharton school of finance , university of pennsylvania , where he was a thouron scholar . joe has a deep rooted passion and understanding of horseracing , having been an avid follower of the industry since the age of eight . he was on the jockey club graduate programme and worked at the racing post . over the past 20 years he has been a regular race goer and has been to more than 200 tracks around the world . he has written extensively about horseracing and gambling for a variety of publications , including the financial times , the times , the telegraph , and bloomberg .
rupert arnold has been the chief executive of the national trainers federation , the representative body for licensed racehorse trainers in great britain , since 2000 . during this time he has also been a director of the british horseracing board , the horsemen’s group and the british horseracing education and standards trust .
earlier in his career , after employment as assistant trainer to jeremy hindley , john winter and paul cole , rupert held a trainer’s licence for six years , training in upper lambourn , berkshire .
vivien currie is chief executive of hamilton park racecourse , where she took up appointment in june 2008 . she is also a member of the development board of the marie curie hospice in glasgow and vice chairman of the rca . prior to this she was part owner of and chief executive of livingston football club having bought the club and taken it out of administration . she also sat on the scottish football league management committee where she was the first female to hold such an appointment in its over 100 year existence . qualifying as a chartered accountant with ernst & young , vivien worked in london , australia and glasgow , including a period advising technology start - ups , before joining telecoms business damovo . starting as director of strategy she was responsible for the integration of the group’s 18 countries’ sales forces before becoming head of global sales and solutions . vivien does a variety of public speaking sharing her life and work experiences of adapting her business skills to different industries .
sir paul had a highly distinguished career as a police officer over more than 35 years , holding senior command positions in merseyside , lancashire and london . in his roles with the metropolitan police service – where as commissioner he was the most senior officer in the uk – he advised governments on issues ranging from counter terrorism to serious organised crime and national police improvements , with a focus on modern , transparent and collaborative policing . he has served as trustee for a number of charities , and is currently a trustee of crimestoppers uk . he leads the bha board’s efforts in its priority areas , ensuring that british racing is regulated to high standards , and seen by all to be fair and clean .
ruth quinn was appointed the british horseracing authority’s director of international racing and racing development in july 2015 , having previously held the post of racing director .
she represents bha / british racing with overseas racing authorities on matters relating to the international race programme , international racing development , international handicapping , and the overall management of bha’s complex relationships with its international partners and counterparts . ruth is a keen rider , particularly enjoying working closely with and bringing on young racehorses .
will was appointed as executive director in may 2017 , having previously been director of corporate affairs . he is responsible for strategy and stakeholder liaison , and industry people and betting matters .
he joined the then british horseracing board as communications executive in 2003 , performing a range of roles in the following years , including as spokesperson for the governing body . he took part in the sport’s graduate development programme in 2001 , and also gained experience in racing journalism and across different racecourses and racecourse groups .
richard joined the bha at the beginning of 2016 as chief operations officer , with responsibility for the racing , handicapping , finance , information technology and programme management teams . he has a lifelong interest in racing and , having taken part in the jockey club graduate development programme , began his career as an odds compiler with william hill . having qualified as a chartered accountant working for pricewaterhousecoopers , he became finance director at the british racing school before joining the british horseracing board as assistant racing director in 2004 . he was appointed chief executive of the racehorse owners association in 2012 and , as part of this role , became secretary of the horsemen’s group and a director of racing enterprises limited and british champions series .
catherine was appointed as the bha’s director of legal and governance in september 2016 , having joined the bha as head of legal – governance in november 2015 . catherine is responsible for all aspects of the bha’s general legal counsel , company secretariat , corporate governance and data protection . prior to joining the bha , catherine was a senior member of the dla piper sports team for 10 years . catherine has extensive experience of advising sports governing bodies and rights owners in relation to contentious issues connected with sport , both regulatory and commercial , in proceedings in the high court and before international and domestic sports disciplinary and arbitral tribunals . she also specialises in intellectual property litigation , particularly in relation to sport and media bodies . catherine is a director of the british association for sport and law .
brant was appointed chief regulatory officer in april 2018 , having previously been in the post of director of integrity and regulatory operations since september 2016 , and having joined the bha as head of raceday operations in march 2015 .
brant is an experienced administrator and regulator having held various senior roles within racing - related industries in britain and australia over the past 20 years . as chief regulatory officer , his reports include the director of equine health and welfare , the chief medical advisor , head of regulation and the head of stewarding . he also has accountability for integrity , licensing and anti - doping , as well as managing the team of equine welfare and integrity officers and overriding responsibility for the judges , starters , clerks of scales , racecourse and inspectors of courses , and the bha’s role in liaison with the point to point , arab racing and pony racing authorities .
prior to joining the bha , brant was chief operating officer ( 2010 - 2014 ) with harness racing victoria with overall management responsibility for all integrity and racing regulatory functions . brant also holds a bachelor of legal studies ( victoria university ) and graduate diploma sports law ( university of melbourne ) , where he specialised in international sports law and racing industry law & regulation .
david sykes joined the bha in march 2017 as director of equine health and welfare and is responsible for developing an enhanced welfare strategy which encapsulates a thoroughbred’s full lifespan , from birth until well after the end of its racing career . david joins the bha from the united arab emirates ( uae ) where he has held the position of head veterinary officer for the emirates racing authority ( era ) since 2010 , a role which encompasses the welfare and integrity of all flat racing in the uae . in this role he was responsible for implementing and managing antidoping and medication control programs , equine welfare and health issues , administration of data collection programs for injury surveillance and risk factors associated with racing in the uae .
in addition , david has held the role of head of the veterinary department for the uae itself since october 2015 , which includes responsibilities for government liaison , quarantine and import / export controls and testing .
prior to his time at the era regulatory and uae equine quarantine positions , david held positions in sydney , australia , his country of birth and where he established a successful five - veterinarian practice . as well as his regulatory positions , david brings over 20 years of private practice experience to the role .
martin fewell took up the post as bha director of communications and corporate affairs in october 2017 , having previously been the director of media & communications at the metropolitan police since 2012 .
his responsibilities include media relations , stakeholder and internal communications , corporate affairs , political liaison and building the bha’s digital presence .
martin was a journalist at the bbc and itn before joining the met . he was the deputy editor of channel 4 news for ten years and previously edited news programmes on bbc radio 4 and the bbc news channel .
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several of his pictures of egypt and sudan were painted at least four years after he resigned his commission , and it is possible that he returned to north africa after he left the army to follow the conflicts in that region . his paintings show both important events in the region in the 1880s such as start of suakin berbar railway and the parade of officers mentioned at the battle of gemaizah of 1888 , as well as everyday events such as loading horses onto ships and patrols . other scenes show troops on maneuvers in the english countryside , scenes in london and other military genre .
the military collection digital archive recently passed a milestone : 25 , 000 images and counting . the first pictures were scanned back in 2004 and through the efforts of many staff and students , we have created the largest digital collection in brown university library . special credit should go to robin ness , ann caldwell , betsy fishman and henry gould for directing this enterprise and creating the thousands of mods records . there are still many images to scan and work is currently underway on the numerous portfolios and other items as well as scanning prints that were missed or need re - scanning . at the same time , the digital archive has been migrated to the brown digital repository ( bdr ) and images can now be searched at : urltoken this is a much more versatile system and will allow corrections and changes to be made to existing data as well as new information that will enhance and contribute to the background and scholarship of the iconography . for example , it is hoped to add details such as publications and references relevant to a particular image or artist , and links to other collections owning similar material . users are encouraged to forward any additional information that might be suitable or suggest any changes or corrections .
you are currently browsing the anne s . k . brown military collection update blog archives for july , 2013 .
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plus gst payment on 42 - day ppt , free return ( conditions apply ) . standing at mapperley stud , nz
four - time group winner who won the g1 spring champion , like savabeel and dundeel . by an epsom derby hero and bred on a similar cross to leading sire tavistock .
by authorized ( 2004 ) champion three - year - old colt in europe , derby s ( g1 ) , juddmonte international s ( g1 ) , etc . sire of 891 foals aged three and up , including complacent , ambivalent , hartnell , pounamu , seal of approval , maygrove , prize money , lacy , rehn’s nest , etc .
1st dam : insouciance by quest for fame . winner at 2 and 3 . own - sister to dracula . dam of 10 foals , 9 to race , 9 winners :
ataraxia ( g teofilo ) 2 wins at 3 , 2017 , dulcify quality s .
offhanded ( g lonhro ) 5 wins , 2 to 5 , 3rd alister clark s ( g2 ) , up and coming s ( g3 ) .
careless ( g exceed and excel ) 3 wins at 3 and 5 , 2017 , 2nd fernhill h , 3rd gothic s .
malaise ( c helmet ) 3 wins at 3 and 4 , 2017 , 2nd cs hayes s ( g3 ) .
2nd dam : awards ceremony by kaoru star . unraced . dam of 7 winners :
dracula ( c quest for fame ) champion two - year - old in australia , 7 wins at 2 and 3 , george main s ( g1 ) , sires’ produce s ( g1 ) , champagne s ( g1 ) , fernhill h ( g3 ) . sire .
the oscars ( g procol harum ) 3 wins , 2 to 4 , canonbury s .
sash ( f dr grace ) 5 wins at 3 and 4 , toy show quality h .
vampire ( g flying spur ) 6 wins , 3 to 6 , 2nd fernhill h ( g3 ) .
masked party ( g marscay ) galaxy h ( g1 ) , premiere s ( g2 ) , the angas brut ( g2 ) .
festal ( c vain ) elders s ( g1 ) , sovereign print s , 2nd the concorde ( g2 ) . sire .
la bamba ( f last tycoon ) 2 wins at 4 . dam of :
inspiration ( g flying spur ) hong kong sprint ( g1 ) , centenary sprint cup .
wandjina ( c snitzel ) australian guineas ( g1 ) , c s hayes debonair s ( g3 ) , 2nd all aged s ( g1 ) , 3rd caulfield guineas ( g1 ) .
lucky unicorn ( c redoute’s choice ) chester manifold s , 3rd carlyon cup ( g3 ) . sire .
provence ( f redoute’s choice ) great western desirable s , 3rd waltzing lily h . dam of : banaadeer ( c more than ready ) storm bird s , 2nd south african nursery ( g1 ) ; admiration ( c encosta de lago ) the chairman ' s trophy , 3rd jockey club sprint ( g2 ) , twice , hong kong classic mile , the premier cup .
zoometric ( g unbridled’s song ) tattersall’s cup , fairetha s , perth s , supremacy s , 2nd karrakatta plate ( g2 ) , sires’ produce s ( g3 ) , 3rd lee steere classic ( g3 ) .
lady danzero ( f danzero ) placed at 3 . dam of : discreet ( f show a heart ) brc calaway gal plate .
joy ride ( f redoute’s choice ) unraced . dam of : hijack hussy ( f hussonet ) desirable s , 2nd vo rogue plate ( g3 ) , 3rd shelley dale ohs mode s .
spring champion s ( g1 ) , 2000m , randwick , beating criterion , savvy nature , hooked , liberty’s choice , equator , drago , rock hero , thunder fantasy , fuerza , fast dragon .
gloaming s ( g3 ) , 1800m , rosehill , beating savvy nature , drago , hooked , fuerza , order of the sun , fast dragon .
victoria derby ( g1 ) , 2500m , flemington , to polanski , beating thunder fantasy , criterion , tupac amaru , drago , bring something , epic saga , san diego , pinstripe lane , savvy nature .
chelmsford s ( g2 ) , 1600m , randwick , beating kermadec , royal descent , hartnell , junoob , pornichet , who shot thebarman , beaten up , imposing , precedence , hawkspur , preferment , magog , moriarty , opinion , tremec .
craven plate ( g3 ) , 2000m , randwick , beating hauraki , imposing , moriarty , magog , gallante , foreteller , ruling dynasty , sense of occasion , celtic prince .
hill s ( g2 ) , 2000m , randwick , to preferment , magic hurricane , beating beaten up , who shot thebarman , bonfire , chance to dance , bohemian lily , gallante , opinion , junoob , precedence , tremec .
right at the beginning of the story of art , gombrich establishes that he is writing about important issues : how people perceive and appreciate works of art and how works of art depict and represent the world in language that is deliberately and brilliantly straightforward . in the preface , he announces that in planning and writing the book he
thought first and foremost of readers in their teens who had just rediscovered the world for themselves
. but i suspect his idea of the average teenager was based on a combination of his own upbringing in a highly educated viennese family ( his parents were friends of schoenberg , freud and mahler ) and that of his son , richard , who was later to become professor of sanskrit at oxford . in other words , the teenager is expected to be precocious and intelligent , interested in the history of ideas as well as art , and certainly male .
in his introduction , gombrich explores two very characteristic themes essential to an understanding of his subsequent work , and which it is slightly surprising and pleasing to find announced so unequivocally close to the beginning of his scholarly career . the first is the need for the artist to experience freedom from political or religious constraints . he describes this by comparing the two versions of saint matthew that caravaggio undertook as a commission for the church of san luigi dei francesi in rome . the first version was a great work of realism in which the angel is leaning a long , spindly arm towards the relatively rustic hand of saint matthew . the work was rejected as being too naturalistic and was later destroyed by bombs during the second world war . caravaggio then painted a slightly more idealised and conventional version , still in san luigi in rome . gombrich describes how
the outcome is still quite a good picture , for caravaggio had tried hard to make it look lively and interesting , but we feel that it is less honest and sincere than the first had been .
given that gombrich was commissioned to write the book while working as a translator for the bbc ' s monitoring service , it is impossible not to recognise his profound belief in the moral freedom of the artist from any form of coercion .
gombrich ' s second introductory description is of the intense compositional struggle that lay behind raphael ' s painting madonna of the meadow in the kunsthistorisches museum in vienna . art was viewed not as a product of aesthetics , but more as a result of visual observation , which is then ordered and structured by graphic experiment , closely akin in terms of visual procedure to the work of caricature . this announces some of the themes and intellectual interests that later led to his greatest work in art and illusion , and was a consequence of his close friendship with the art historian and psychoanalyst ernst kris .