she was bred at triple e farm in ocala , florida by owner stanley m. ersoff .

she was a chestnut filly , a daughter of mo exception out of the mare double wiggle .

she is best remembered for her seven and a half length romp in the grade ii $ 250,000 black-eyed susan stakes and her win in the coaching club american oaks two months later .

charon ( horse )

gene navarro waited all of his life for a horse like charon to race into his life .
key to the mint , langfuhr ( horse ) , point given , teddy ( horse ) , aurelius ( horse ) , diadem ( horse ) , hawaiian sound , the wonder ( horse ) , bronze ( horse ) , bryan g . , just a way , night of thunder ( horse ) , forest flower ( horse ) , blue spec , erins isle ( horse ) , fort marcy ( horse ) , gainsborough ( horse ) , gilded time , selim ( horse ) , with approval , charon ( horse ) , hycilla , sea bird , polish patriot , papineau ( horse ) , whimsical ( horse ) , beaugay , high echelon , rockavon , discreet cat , touch gold , alexander mare , cremorne ( horse ) , harlem rocker , izvestia ( horse )
with the headline : on horse racing ; help wanted for filly triple crown .
charon ( 1987 – april 12 , 2009 ) was an american thoroughbred racehorse who defeated both male and female competitors .
with the headline : horse racing ; a filly at gulfstream brings good news for steinbrenner .
with the headline : horse racing : notebook ; go for wand captures test stakes with ease .
reel was a thoroughbred race horse , and one of the greatest american thoroughbred broodmares in history .
ersoff has owned and bred many stakes horses , but charon also has been one of a kind for him as well as navarro .
eugene navarro passed away in hallandale , fla . nov . 27 . the longtime horseman who trained grade i winner charon was 92 .
. strictly speaking he was not the champion horse of 1866 - but he was indeed a champion .
being the obvious example . but they don ' t dominate . the best horse of the decade was undoubtedly
myrtlewood ( foaled 1932 in kentucky ) was a champion thoroughbred race horse as well as an exceptional broodmare .
' ' go for wand is the champion , ' ' perret said . ' ' my filly ran her heart out , but the other filly is just a super horse . my horse had no alibis today . ' '
dan , i would really like to see pp ' s for charon , jumron , quintana if possible taco ' s car phone . thanks , pete
i just saw a horse go down at the finish of the santa margarita race at santa anita - i was watching on cal racing and there was no mention of the horse and rider . does anyone know what happened ? annem
charon , an amazing horse for the serious dressage rider and / or competitor . he just placed 3 rd at m - level in germany , equal to approximately 3 rd / 4 th level here in the states . he was also placed at 2 nd level with double bridle as well as in a jumping horse class at a level . he is training all psg movements and more .
for only $ 800 while she was carrying charon , ` ` said navarro . ` ` he knew something about the mare and couldn ` t resist . ` `
go for wand beat charon by five lengths in the ashland stakes at keeneland on april 21 and by 1 1 / 4 lengths in the mother goose at belmont on june 10 , but charon had then won the coaching club american oaks so easily in go for wand ' s absence that many felt the alabama distance might favor her .
the thoroughbred breeders ' association of new jersey named char - mari stables ' park avenue ball horse of the year for 2005 .
the race , a grade ii stakes for fillies contending for the season ' s honors , was won in the last three years by open mind , charon and withallprobability .
when rice sent charon to navarro at calder he told the trainer , ` ` you ` re going to have a lot of fun with this filly , gene . ` `
` ` right away i realized he was right , ` ` remembered navarro . ` ` i never had a horse like her .
at the time of the alabama , no filly other than go for wand had beaten charon , but the gap between the two was enormous . future hall of fame jockey randy romero , go for wand’s rider her entire career , crouched still as a statue for more than a mile before the champion began to distance herself from charon at the three - sixteenths pole .
in this 1958 photo the winning horse in the alouette pace is ladys lad driven by bill harvey . the winners are obscured by second place finisher jay creed ( 7 ) handled by the track ' s most famous reinsman keith waples . mighty lee was third . ( harness horse )
charon , who has won six times and finished second to go for wand three times in nine career starts , continued on as best she could under craig perret to hold second place as the 3 - 2 second choice . pampered star , the monmouth oaks winner and the 9 - 2 outsider today , was 28 lengths behind charon with a furlong to go and eased thereafter .
the distance between the winner and the runner - up would be a neck throughout the final furlong . as good as the ride was by jo sung gon , his horse gave everything to win in what was a proper horse race . bold kings was not letting anything best him today .
in this country , a horse who should pay $ 3 . 99 for $ 2 pays off at the rate of only $ 3 . 80 for $ 2 . a person who bets $ 200 on such a horse collects $ 380 instead of $ 399 . at least in canada , the horse pays $ 3 . 90 instead of $ 3 . 80 , and the $ 200 bettor gets $ 390 instead of $ 380 .
` ` charon is my special horse . i ` ve been in this country since 1941 , and before that i had cheap horses in cuba where i was born and grew up . my ambition was to be a self - made man . you can say i raced from maine to spain , and almost always with my own horses .
` ` go for wand was a special horse , ` ` remembered navarro , ` ` one of the best fillies i ever saw . ` `
barbara l ( 1947–1977 ) was an american quarter horse that raced during the early 1950s and often defeated some of the best racehorses of the time .
in addition , charon won a pair of grade ii races , the bonnie miss at gulfstream and the black eyed susan at pimlico ( by 7 1 / 4 lengths ) . and three of charon ` s 1990 losses were second - place performances in grade i encounters with the late go for wand , who subsequently lost her life when she broke down in the stretch in the breeders ` cup distaff .
dan i would like 2 scratch ambessa pp ' s & add ongoing mister & avenging force the horse who beat king glorious if u can thanks . marc
in 1959 blue bonnets underwent a huge renovation and rebuilding program . upon its completion a special ribbon cutting ceremony was held . from left lucien lachappele ; hugh proudfoot , c . t . a . pres . ; hon . earl rowe ; roland desjardins ; j . louis levesque , president ; eugene lajoie ; paul danserau ; gerard favreau and andre charon ( harness horse )
( panic gb - myth ) won the victoria derby in his absence . they had to wait until the ajc st leger for a showdown , and in a two horse match
go for wand seized an early advantage from charon , held a narrow lead for a mile and then pulled away in the stretch to post a brilliant seven - length victory today in the $ 217 , 600 alabama stakes at saratoga race track .
- to win the sixty sails , charon will have to outrun eight other fillies and mares in the 1 1 / 8 mile race . charon ` s main adversaries appear to be defending champion leave it be and wait for the lady . leave it be scored her third straight victory last time out in sportsman ` s lady hallie handicap . wait for the lady has won four races in a row in maryland and is coming off a five - length score in pimlico ` s grade iii snow goose handicap .
charon is going into the chicago circuit ` s most lucrative dirt race for damsels with a 13 - race career record of seven wins and four places . she has earnings of $ 866 , 360 , and if she wins this race it will make her a
her dam dara has been awarded elite sport jumping horse . espridara z produced two licensed selle francais sons , vanhouten de vains ( by cacao courcelle ) and ubu du reverdy ( by allegreto ) .
azeri ( foaled may 6 , 1998 in versailles , kentucky ) is an american hall of fame champion thoroughbred racehorse who was 2002 us horse of the year and champion older female from 2002 to 2004 .
pleasantly perfect ' s past performances are available at the bottom of this blog post . i was a fan of his as he was a true 1 1 / 4 - mile horse in an era where that sort of stamina is rare . my favorite horse from that time period was medaglia d ' oro . i felt he was the best nine - furlong horse in the country at the time while pleasantly perfect was best at 10 panels . of course , pleasantly perfect got the better of medaglia d ' oro in both the dubai world cup and breeders ' cup classic , both at 1 1 / 4 miles .
in 1753 he won a £50 maiden plate at stockton , beating the duke of cleveland ' s charon ( b c 1749 philipson ' s turk ) , and a £50 purse at morpeth , beating mr shafto ' s jessamy ( ch c 1749 hutton ' s spot ) .
while i am at it , the second operation of the horse for all seasons is to declare the champion horse of each racing season . . . . which is rather fun . the following table lists the champions of each season with their breeding and contains a little blurb noting their performances and any significant historical changes that took place on the turf for that year . and i get to do some coloring - in too .
new farm ' s homebred wild gams , a two - time stakes winner last year , has been named 2008 new jersey - bred horse of the year . wild gams also garnered honors as champion handicap female .
“you could see the other horses really working to do what they had to do , but go for wand did everything in hand all the time , ” badgett said in a 1990 interview in the blood - horse .
charon ( usa ) ch . m , 1987 { 2 - n } dp = 2 - 1 - 5 - 0 - 2 ( 10 ) di = 1 . 22 cd = 0 . 10 - 16 starts , 7 wins , 5 places , 0 shows career earnings : $ 925 , 200
by knight of medina * out of hard haven , charon was bred by vikram greenlands and reena singh . the bay was owned by the goyals and was trained by imtiaz sait . the trainer was back in the winners ' enclosure twice when the invitation cup was held in 1989 and 1994 at mumbai .
clean up joy confirmed his status as seoul’s top horse with victory in the capital’s sunday feature but at busan , grand prix stakes winner bold kings suffered a second successive defeat as dynamic dash claimed the win in the big handicap .
in 1754 he won the king ' s plate at newcastle , again beating charon , the great subscription at york , beating sir charles sedley ' s cadena ( ch f 1749 cade ) , walked - over for the the king ' s plate at edinburgh , and walked - over for £50 at morpeth .
dan , could you please post past performances for pleasantly perfect . for a horse that won some $ 7m in his career , i ' ve always thought he was pretty underrated . honestly , what are your thoughts on him ? paseana
mike smith rode the winner , who carried 115 pounds . pocket streaker , also at 115 and ridden by herb mccauley , was runner - up in the five - horse field . it was another neck back to dr . carrington .
charon , whose sire is a stallion non - entity named mo exception , was foaled on ersoff ` s farm in florida . when rice began teaching her the abcs of racing , he quickly came to the realization that he had found a potential million dollar baby at a five - and - 10 - cent thoroughbred auction .
he is easy at the show grounds , loads , trailers and behaves like a pro . charon is a stunning horse for the young rider or any amateur or professional who wants to draw the attention of the onlookers at clinics and shows . with his stunning appearance and outstanding uphill gaits with tons and tons of airtime , he will for sure be remembered by the judges . barley ever will you find such an amazing horse for sale and here is your chance to buy a real special boy . he is a total gentleman all around and loves attention and his one on one time with his handler and rider . his price is subject to change with more shows as he is capable of bringing home the ribbons and he is learning really fast . take him out to shows and collect your own ribbons and have fun competing with such a wonderful horse . his age is perfect for his training and he is improving every day and goes on to be a super star under the right rider . e - mail or call right away before he is gone , he will not last !
kincsem ( hungarian pronunciation : [ ˈkint͡ʃɛm ] ; hungarian for
my precious
or
my treasure
; march 17 , 1874– march 17 , 1887 ) was the most successful thoroughbred race horse ever , having won 54 races for 54 starts .
multiple graded stakes winner wild gams has been named new jersey - bred horse of the year and champion 3 - year - old filly for 2006 . bred and owned by new farm , the daughter of forest wildcat is trained by ben perkins , jr .
the other aussie dean , dean holland will ride that horse but two other foreign jockeys are set to have their first rides at seoul this sunday . india’s imran chisty and australian patrick keane will be in limited action with both expected to have larger books next week .
but you get the drift . by this method i can speculate about who is the 2yo of the year for each season in the 1880s , and by the same method who is the 3yo of the year , and the all aged horse of the year , etc .
nine days later in the alabama , go for wand was again in top form . as she did in the ashland and mother goose , go for wand proved her superiority over the excellent filly charon , who won the coaching club american oaks by nine lengths in go for wand’s absence . the only other alabama entry was monmouth oaks winner pampered star , who never factored .
sent off as the 1 - 2 favorite under randy romero in a field of three , go for wand figured to enjoy a tactical advantage as the lone front - runner but had no cakewalk today . go for wand jumped out to a one - length early lead , but charon kept her honest and under pressure until the top of the stretch , when the better filly asserted her superiority .
carpaccio’s first lady was bought at the top - event horse auction in germany in 2014 and imported to sa in 2016 in foal to calvaro . she was a participant in the bundeschampionate for 5 year old eventers . * * * there is a you - tube link available competing at the bundeschampinate urltoken
the winner of the indian 2000 guineas and indian derby had shown sait from the beginning that he had a killer instinct and an inability to tolerate another horse galloping in the front . the trainer felt that pesi shroff had ridden impeccably in the invitation cup without letting rival pacemakers ruin the race for him .
it is sadly all too rare for us in korea to witness a truly gripping race but this year’s grand prix delivered . the battle between bold kings and gumpo sky in the home straight while clean up joy and triple nine desperately tried to close , was pure thoroughbred racing drama at its best . with jockeys jo sung gon and ikuyasu kurakane both producing arguably the rides of their careers , in the end bold kings simply refused to be beaten . flat - out , the will to win he demonstrated that day makes bold kings the horse racing in korea horse of the year for 2016 . what a prospect he is for 2016 .
power blade will on sunday seek to become the first horse to sweep the korean triple crown in its current form . the kra cup mile and korean derby winner heads a field of eight – all from busan – who will line up for the final jewel of the 2016 crown , the minister’s cup at seoul racecourse .
progeny : silver seas by silver beacon ( f . 2014 ) 14 0 - 3 - 0 $ 15 , 575 ghost ship by romeo ( c . 2015 ) 10 2 - 3 - 1 $ 51 , 975 charon by lucifer ( c . 2016 ) 1 0 - 1 - 0 $ 4 , 375 harmlessly by bacardi ' s sword ( f . 2017 ) night sailor by night circus ( c . 2018 )
charon claimed the indian 2000 guineas and the ramniwas ramnarain ruia gold cup but finished an inexplicable fourth in the indian derby en route to the 1984 invitation cup . entrusted to sandy barclay in the invitation cup , he improved his position from behind to grab an opportunity along the rails in the last 100 metres and storm home . enterprising , that year ' s indian derby winner , tried hard to hold him off but succumbed by a length .
george stubbs painted the life - size portrait ( bottom ) of whistlejacket at wentworth . he was described as a
yellow - sorrel horse with white mane and tail
and was said to have had a nearly ungovernable temper . whilst stubbs was inspecting his progress after a session the lad who had been holding the horse led him around allowing whistlejacket to see his likeness which was apparently life - like enough to induce him to rear and strike at it . lord rockingham was said to have been so pleased with the story that he had the portrait framed and hung without further touch . george stubbs also painted the portrait ( top ) of whistlejacket with his groom simon cobb .
it was difficult to visualise any one beating royal tern in the 1979 invitation cup . he was a local horse who had won the indian derby by eight lengths . he was bred and owned by the goculdasses , a family with a long , sporting reputation . and his regular partner was karl umrigar whose dedication and skills were already well - known .
it ' s an excellent question . in a perfect world , you would have healthy percentages all around . i wouldn ' t invest heavily in either situation that you mentioned . if a horse has a strong win - early pedigree , but is trained by a conditioner that rarely scores first - out , i ' d stay away as the horse may be out for an experience run . i ' d also avoid a firster that boasts low - percentage bloodlines , but debuts for a high - percentage trainer . these horses are often overbet due to the connections . i wouldn ' t say i rely on one stat higher than the other . a healthy mix is just what the doctor orders in this situation .
as well as runners from south africa , france , dubai and hong kong . he was restrained towards the rear of the field by fukunaga before moving forward in the straight . he took the lead a furlong and a half from the finish and accelerated clear to win by six and a quarter lengths from the south african horse vercingetorix with dank in third place .
1 . chang se ( kor ) [ forest camp – daecheonpung ( fiercely ) ] – lee chan ho – 1 . 8 , 1 . 1 2 . smart time ( kor ) [ ft . stokton – charon ( jade robbery ) ] – ham wan sik – 2 . 3 3 . meni money ( kor ) [ menifee – pocketful of money ( running stag ) ] – moon se young – 1 . 4 distances : 1 . 75 lengths / 1 length – 10 ran
1 . meni money ( kor ) [ menifee – pocketful of money ( running stag ) ] – seo seung un – 3 . 1 , 1 . 4 2 . smart time ( kor ) [ ft . stockton – charon ( jade robbery ) ] – park eul woon – 1 . 5 3 . lucky music ( kor ) [ creek cat – dangdae jeil ( lucky ruler ) ] – choi bum hyun – 3 . 1 distances : 0 . 5 lengths / 2 lengths – 11 ran
choegang schiller provided the standout moment of summer , claiming victory for korea in the asia challenge cup , beating last year’s winner , singapore’s el padrino into 2nd . that alone is enough to make him our older horse of the year . on the same day , chief red can won the kra cup classic while honourable mention goes to gumpo sky , 2nd in the grand prix .
the race was the third meeting between the nation ' s two best 3 - year - old fillies , and go for wand won decisively for the third time . her victory today in stakes - record time stamped her as one of the best 3 - year - old fillies in recent racing history and advanced her cause as a long - shot candidate for horse of the year honors .
steinlen , last year ' s champion grass horse , will carry top weight of 126 pounds against wanderkin ( 116 ) , river of sin ( 115 ) , foreign survivor ( 115 ) , green book ( 112 ) and who ' s to pay ( 110 ) . steinlen , who won last year ' s baruch , is tuning up for the arlington million on sept . 2 .
shroff kept exhilaration in the middle of the field for a good bit of the way before positioning the horse neatly along the rails at the 200 metre marker for holding off a determined bid by mick kinane on northern star . while veteran shammu chavan felt that this kind of positioning was ideal for the track another ace jockey of old , the late pandu khade , held a different view .
duane hanover appears in the blue bonnets winner ' s circle with a host of guests . from left : lucien bombardier ; haughton ; co - owners mr . and mrs . karl ; eugene lajoie of blue bonnets ; rene chartrand and co - owner francois seremba . take note of the gigantic sunday afternoon crowd on hand to witness this record - setting event . ( harness horse )
 many young drivers started their careers at bb as grooms and later graduated to the driving ranks . the above photo shows a happy memory for a then very young denis larochelle as he is joined by friends in the winner ' s circle . the winning horse was jeff protector , owned by his driver who hailed from sorel , quebec . take note of the hand written information on the photo .
barry irwin was introduced to racing here by team valor member joe dallao and while he hadn’t had the best of luck with either chastity or his other korean horse , a hawk wing gelding named swoop , he maintained his interest and now those famous crimson and forest green silks have come in front in yet another country . a very welcome presence in korean racing , hopefully it will be the first of many .
5 . clean up joy ( usa ) 5 g [ purge – greta’s joy ( joyeax danseur ) ] ( 17 / 9 / 5 / 1 ) st shim – ham wan sik seoul’s best horse , he is three for three since finishing 3rd in the grand prix nehind bold kings and gumpo sky last december . he usually settles towards the rear of the field and has a strong finish . he can win this .
owner : stanley m . ersoff breeder : stanley m . ersoff state bred : fl winnings : 16 starts : 7 - 5 - 0 , $ 925 , 200 won coaching club american oaks ( g1 ) , black - eyed susan stakes ( g2 ) , rampart handicap ( g2 ) , bonnie miss stakes ( g2 ) , forward gal stakes ( g3 ) ; 2nd mother goose s ( g1 ) , alabama s ( g1 ) , ashland s ( g1 ) . dam double wiggle purchased for $ 800 in foal with charon . sent to japan . ( close )
1 . pinot noir ( kor ) [ capital spending – neungnyeokchungman ] – park eul woon – 1 . 3 , 1 . 1 2 . x file ( kor ) [ exploit – dorothy dee ] - kim dong soo – 1 . 7 3 . smart time ( kor ) [ ft . stockton – charon ] – djordje perovic – 1 . 6 distances : 2 . 5 lengths / neck also ran : 4 . lucky music 5 . meni money 6 . pureun geotap 7 . argo asset 8 . space shuttle 9 . punggwae 10 . shine clover 11 . queen’s win
charon ' s nine - length romp in the c . c . a . oaks at belmont on sunday was neither the richest nor lengthiest triumph of the day in a triple crown race . half an hour later at woodbine near tonronto , a 3 - year - old son of icecapade named izvestia scored a 13 - length victory in the queen ' s plate , the first leg of the canadian triple crown for candian - bred horses . the winner earned $ 235 , 200 , according to the race chart , ' ' plus 50 guineas , the gift of her majesty , the queen . ' '
finally , south african breeding gained a win courtesy of variety club – horse of the year , champion three - year - old and champion middle distance horse in south africa for 2011 - 2012 – who took the godolphin mile ( gr . ii ) . variety club is by forest wildcat’s prix de l’abbaye de longchamp ( gr . i ) victor , var , who is now a standout sire in south africa . the dam is by woodman’s brother , secret prospector , out of a mare by el gran senor’s brother , northern guest , and is a three - quarters sister to secret prospector’s grade one winner secret rites . the third dam is south african oaks ( gr . i ) heroine novenna , who is a daughter of hobnob ( by gyr , by sea - bird ii , a branch of native dancer ) , and is one of the very few horses who we have seen inbred to federico tesio’s good son of dante , toulouse lautrec . oddly enough , this ties into variety club’s family which arrived in south africa from italy during wwii in the shape of jinnipet , who was by tesio’s star , cavaliere d’arpino ( who in his lifetime tesio claimed to be the best horse he had bred ) , out of a mare by tesio’s italy derby winner , michelangelo ( who has a son in the pedigree of toulouse lautrec , who we said was doubled here ) .
go for wand , owned by jane dupont lunger ' s christiana stable and trained by billy badgett , paid $ 4 . 40 for $ 2 to win as the favorite . go for wand , last year ' s champion 2 - year - old filly , was making her first start since winning the mother goose at belmont on june 10 . she missed the july 8 coaching club american oaks with a slight cough , but is over that . the only question now is whether the test took too much out of her for her to stretch out to a mile and a quarter against charon in the alabama nine days hence .
from 1920 on i think i have enough info to put the contenders up . some years are straightforward , others have maybe 2 or 3 genuine contenders or occasionally more , while in other years the most likely horse is one nobody would remember or know much about . i have to put it into words worth reading for a different generation being part of the challenge . the hotys from those days need to be recognised officially , but that ' s possible too i think .
it seemed old warrior ( new warrior gb - anne laurie ) , the 1869 melbourne cup winner had inherited the laurels winning wfa races at randwick and flemington in the spring with nothing much coming through the ranks . john tait ' s the pearl ( new warrior gb - ida ) won the melbourne cup at 100 / 1 , and for a time it seemed the most promising horse on the turf was the grey 3 / 4 arab pony saladin ( pegasus arab gb - nutleaf .
this coming sunday , a little bit of korean racing history is up for grabs as kra cup mile and korean derby winner power blade returns to seoul looking to win the minister’s cup and become the first winner of the korean triple crown in its current form . not a single seoul horse is set to compete so power blade will be up against seven other visitors from busan including stablemate and korean oaks winner ottug ottugi in the 2000m race . full previews of the race to follow .
this is the first of a few year - end posts over the next week . we’ll look at breeding , betting , and the foreign jockeys and trainers , as well as racing in general . we’ll start with the honours though and while there are many ways to to do horse of the year , the bottom line is , it’s my blog , so it’s my choice ! keeping it simple this year so just nine categories and in all honesty , there are standouts in each one .
he was by riyahi ( ire ) out of baroque pearl ( fr ) and was bred , for record ' s sake , by talegaon stud at the poonawalla farms . the bay khaitan - owned horse ' s potential was apparent early but he really shot to prominence in the indian 2000 guineas . the way he won by eight lengths had maj . nargolkar writing ,
it was a performance fit to rank with the vintage indian 2000 guineas victories of alijah , enrico and exhilaration .
tangiers ( c by vibrant ( gb ) ) . 15 wins 1000 to 1400 m . and $ 117 , 700 won watc roma cup g3 , watc roma cup g3 , watc belmont sprint l , watc charon welter h . , watc city of perth welter , watc morphettville graduation s . , watc shamrock graduation s . 2nd watc taimac quality s . , watc seltrust cup , watc lions international welter h . , watc welter h . , watc extol graduation s . , watc cyril flower sprint h . 3rd watc belmont sprint g3 , watc welter h . , watc wellington h . , watc debonair graduation s . , watc hennessy graduation s .
 one of the most accomplished and well - liked participants of this era was a gentleman named benoit cote . he was loved by the fans and held in high esteem by his fellow horsemen . in the above photo from may 18 , 1958 he is shown in the winner ' s circle following a victory by meadow bower in the mount royal pace . in the photo from left to right are owners mr . and mrs . roland marquis and bb race secretary lucien bombardier ( harness horse )
the two premier sprint events were annexed by hong kong - trained australian - breds . winner of golden shaheen ( gr . i ) was sterling city ( truenicks a + + ) . he is by darley’s redoute’s choice son , nadeem , who was co - highweight at two in australia after winning the vrc blue diamond stakes ( gr . i ) . nadeem’s oldest crop are now five - year - olds , and his first two crops produced nine stakes winners , seven graded . there were only 22 foals in his third crop , but 57 in his fourth , and he’s a horse who could bear watching . sterling city’s dam , so gorgeous ( by the irish river horse , brief truce ) was a four - time graded winner and is also dam of grade two scorer tipungwuti ( by fusaichi pegasus ) . the fifth dam is the australian foundation mare , denise’s joy , and this is the same branch as new zealand sire standout thorn park , grade one winning sprinter bentley biscuit , and young sire stryker to name but a few .
in a rare show of appreciation for people not often credited for their role in racing two veteran trackmen were honoured for their work in having the racecourse in such remarkable shape . a donation was made by the united horsemen of canada assoc . to these two gentlemen . from left : laurent bourgon , u . h . c . president presents a cheque to ernest tobin while treasurer sebastien brisson on the right makes an identical donation to alf bergeron . francois lebeouf , a leading driver appears in the centre . ( harness horse )
the two mile dubai gold cup ( gr . ii ) saw a pair of sons of halling ( by diesis , and himself a 10 furlong performer ) fight out the decision , certerach getting the verdict by a neck over cavalryman . ceterach is one of two stakes winners by halling out of from the danehill line , his dam being chartres , an irish stakes winner by that horse ( of course , typically for a sharpen up line horse , halling has done well with danzig in general , getting 13 stakes winners , seven group / graded ) . the second dam , gothic dream ( by nashwan ) was second in the 12 furlong ribblesdale stakes ( gr . ii ) , and has significant descendents at either end of the distance scale as she is also dam of the stakes winner and irish st . leger ( gr . i ) runner - up pugin , and granddam of the very speedy two - year - old and now young sire , lilbourne lad . the third dam is the irish st . leger ( gr . i ) victress dark lomond .
bind , an impressive debut winner at fair grounds on february 19 , is listed as the 2 - 5 morning line favorite in saturday ' s third race at fair grounds , an entry - level optional claimer at 1 mile and 70 yards . bind is not yet nominated to the triple crown series , but another big performance may have al stall thinking about bigger pots . i ' m guessing , as of now , that he ' ll remain very patient with this promising horse . he ' s one to watch in races like the travers .
choinma has raced once as a three - year - old already , surprisingly beaten into 2 nd in his first try around two turns at 1700m in january but he is still very much in the hunt . neither he nor gaon champ are front - runners so the early pace will most likely be set by mask and sinui myeongryeong , both good prospects themselves , while sharp kaylan too looks a better horse than he was when beaten by gaon champ in december – since then he’s won two in a row by six and four - lengths respectively .
talib died a few days before loyal prince clashed with thunder storm in the indian derby . rahimtoola reported that loyal prince went off his feed and started losing condition . the horse ran third behind thunder storm and look out . rahimtoola wrote ,
that he had been missing his master ' s presence in the stable and the visit to his stall every evening to speak a few soothing words and enquire about his health , was soon proved .
loyal prince returned to form in the invitation cup , winning the event from thunder storm and lucky pair .
as the late k . sundar rajan of the hindu wrote in the newspaper ' s sister publication sportstar , lahori ,
did not believe that ted mcgaffin had ridden him ( mount everest ) properly . he wouldn ' t say openly that ted ' pulled ' his horse . but that he didn ' t ride to win was evident from lahori ' s talk . naturally this exasperated ted the game ' s greatest gentleman . he preferred not to ride him any more . but he was later persuaded to ride mount everest ( in the invitation cup ) .
khade felt that a jockey must always be within one or two lengths of the fancied horse while racing in the long straights that mark the mahalaxmi course . he asserted that if the yet - to - become - world - famous kinane had kept northern star close to exhilaration at the beginning of the 550 metre - long home stretch instead of being a little away , he might have pulled it off . what khade - and for that matter , everyone - did not anticipate then was the discovery of a banned substance in northern star ' s post - race sample and his subsequent disqualification .
hg224 winning bet ( steve t ) # 8 dubai you xyz is going to be one tough cookie for a while to come and he is improving with every race . he is impervious to jostling , bumping and being in tight , comes with a killer rush at the end and this guy can run all day on turf . i will use # 7 bogie to fill the exacta ; he has always been a very good turfer and i think he is a different horse off the layoff and this will be his 2nd off of that layoff . handingambling bet : $ 100 exacta # 8 dubai you xyz / # 7 bogie
the table also demonstrates how the foundation races of the australian calendar came to be introduced during the decade of the 1860 ' s . the mimicking of the english classics is evident and the all aged wfa races were based on the model of the queens plate . queen ' s plates were run all over the empire according to rules laid down by the imperial master of the horse that describe a race of no less than 2 miles ( preferably three ) run at set weights as stand alone contests . heats were not permitted . racing in heats was standard practice in australia for much of the first half of the 19th century .
 in 1958 as a three - year - old , a young trotting colt named homestead dan put on quite a show for the fans at bb and also richelieu park . the son of tim hanover - fannie was bred and owned by osler burrison of rice lake . here he is being shown off by his trainer and driver jack gordon ( right ) to an admiring bill habkirk , both long - time participants at bb . in 1958 , homestead dan won 14 of 28 starts and also had three seconds and seven thirds . his season ' s mark of 2 : 06h was amazing for the times ( harness horse )
the al quoz sprint ( gr . i ) was won by amber sky , who is by exceed and excel , a danehill son who has come through as an absolutely outstanding speed sire . out of grade two winning and grade one placed truly wicked ( by rubiton , from the my babu / tourbillon line via better boy and century ) , amber sky is truenicks rated a + + , the cross of exceed and excel with century line mares have produced two stakes winners and a stakes placed horse from only 12 runners . the second dam , by roberto’s good son , at talaq is a sister to graded scorer dizzy lass .
after fisherman ' s death and the dispersal of maribyrnong hurtle fisher continued to race horses and came up with another crack in charon . he was by ferryman ( fisherman gb - rose de florence gb ) from the great brood mare juliet gb and in the spring of 1869 he won the ajc derby , the vrc derby , the vrc all aged stakes and defeated the melbourne cup winner warrior in the queens plate . in the autumn , however , just two days before the st leger he collapsed during trackwork at flemington and died . . the barb had retired to stud but his younger sister barbelle and brother barbarian carried on in his place . barbelle lead all the way to win the doncaster handicap and repeated her effort to lead all the way to win the sydney cup . she would also distinguish herself in latter seasons by winning three successive editions of the vrc flying stakes
1957 : three leading drivers at blue bonnets raceway . the curtain was drawn on the harness racing season in montreal monday night , november 11th , with the closing of a very successful fall meeting at blue bonnets raceway and substantial cheques were received by the three leading drivers . the presentation was made by racing secretary lucien bombardier ( left ) and controller rolland desjardins . the happy winners were ( from left to right ) marc gingras with 27 victories , percy robillard with 22 and harold mckinley with 18 . for marc gingras , twenty - seven year old french - canadian born in st . jerome . quebec , this championship was the first of a promising career .  ( harness horse )
7 . power blade ( kor ) [ menifee – cheonmacheong ( lost mountain ) ] ( 8 / 6 / 2 / 0 ) young kwan kim – kim yong geun he is the favourite and even visually , looks superior . unbeaten since losing to ottug ottugi in busan’s champion juvenile race last autumn , he was a facile winner of both the cup mile and derby . at the derby , jockey kim young geun defied instructions in the rain and took him to the front right from the gate . it paid off . it’s most likely he will let ottug ottugi lead here but if power blade is at anything like his best , he completes the triple crown . there is little downside to this horse .
the new york series overtook an older , less formal filly triple that roughly corresponded to the colts ' three big spring races : the kentucky oaks at churchill downs , the black - eyed susan at pimlico and the c . c . a . oaks at belmont . the problem this year was that the first two legs of the old series attracted fillies away from the first leg of the new one . go for wand , the queen of the division , ran in the kentucky oaks at a mile and eighth on may 4 . rather than drop her back to a one - turn one - mile in the acorn on may 26 , her camp passed the race and went into the mother goose on june 10 . charon , who can beat any filly except go for wand , ducked her nemesis in the kentucky oaks and went into the black - eyed susan . rather than run back in the acorn just eight days later , she too waited until the mother goose .
the dubai duty free ( gr . i ) and dubai sheema classic ( gr . i ) , both went to japanese - bred runners . the former fell to just a way ( truenicks a + ) , who is the only grade one winner for his sire heart’s cry , a two - time champion by sunday silenc e . the dam , sibyl , was imported into japan in utero , and is by wild again out of the off - bred mare charon ( by the little - known mo exception , from a branch of the tudor minstrel branch of hyperion ) , heroine of five graded stakes including the cca oaks ( gr . i ) and black - eyed susan stakes ( gr . ii ) . this is a pedigree that has an unusual amount of hyperion / nearco combinations in the center , and we’ll note the wild again’s son , wild rush , sired grade one winner transcend and grade three scorer courir passion out of mares by heart’s cry’s broodmare sire , tony bin , so the formula seems to work .
dan some questions . is there a place on the drf website where i can find the full conditions for the race for the entries ? today , wednesday , under the drf entries tab , the 7th at gp is listed as a $ 25 , 000 open race , when it is really open only to non winners of three lifetime and a claiming price of $ 30 , 000 to $ 25 , 000 . i guess i just get too excited when there is a truly open , no conditions , allowance or high class claimer . quite often in your analyses you will mention that a horse was a vet scratch on such and such a date . where do you get that information ? if it isn ' t your own records can i get it also ? ron zuercher
* * * sorry if this has been asked and answered recently , but i have trouble visiting this blog as much as i ' d like : what are al stall ' s plans for bind ? did i miss a non - winners of 1 other than allowance score or has it not happened yet ? my guess ( and it ' s just a guess ) would be the derby trial might be in his future . any thoughts on the chance of that ? i watched his maiden score ( and cashed a nice pick 4 by singling him ) and was truly amazed . horses just don ' t go 1 : 08 and 4 at the fairgrounds very often , especially not maidens . i think the sky is the limit for this horse and we all know that stall will take his time with him raitchjay
i always wondered where thebarton was . i just did the profile of richmond ( hoy1876 ) and didn ' t realize that he wona couple of features in adelaide as a 7yo . . . but at ' the old course ' , which i think is victoria park , not thebarton . . . otherwise he would have had a street named after him . they have done the same thing on the site of the old epsom track . i used to go there and watch manikato work . only horse i ever got out of bed that early for . now the main drag of the housing estate is named after him . when epsom closed as a training track in the 1990 ' s it really brought home to me that closing a race track is really breaking up a community . it was really rather sad .
it is a great article about alysheba . look at how many grade 1 ' s at a mile and a quarter this horse took down . but most of all , he was a stud and legend in his own mind . . . . one of the proudest horses on whom i ' ve ever laid eyes . i was privileged to spend some time with him at monmouth and he was unbelievable in the post parade for the iselin . to this day i have a picture of him on the wall . he was truly spectacular . most interesting of all , van berg raced him without lasix at the iselin , just to prove he could win without it . could you imagine a trainer taking that kind of stand now ? dan , would you please be so kind as to post his pp ' s ? tbta
tontonan wrote : i always wondered where thebarton was . i just did the profile of richmond ( hoy1876 ) and didn ' t realize that he wona couple of features in adelaide as a 7yo . . . but at ' the old course ' , which i think is victoria park , not thebarton . . . otherwise he would have had a street named after him . they have done the same thing on the site of the old epsom track . i used to go there and watch manikato work . only horse i ever got out of bed that early for . now the main drag of the housing estate is named after him . when epsom closed as a training track in the 1990 ' s it really brought home to me that closing a race track is really breaking up a community . it was really rather sad .
the barb ' s 5yo season was awesome . he was undefeated in 7 starts , winning an epic battle with tim whiffler in the great metropolitan with both horses under 61 . 5kg , then accounting for him easily in the craven plate . strategically scratched from the melbourne cup to leave the race for glencoe , the barb walked over for the royal park stakes when no horse would oppose him . on new years day he won the 3 miler for the third year in succession ( defeating glencoe ) and was supreme in the sydney cup carrying 10 . 8 ( 66kg ) - a record that stands to this day - and ending his career with victory in the queens plate . the last crop of fisherman contested the classics this season with the filly my dream ( fisherman - nightlight ) repeating sea gull ' s double , winning the derby and the oaks .


pyrausta antisocialis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by munroe in 1976 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from new mexico and arizona .

adults are on wing from june to august .

pyrausta antisocialis

researching further this could be pyrausta antisocialis - hodges # 5076 . i will do more checking .
moved from sociable pyrausta moth . bob patterson agrees this is most likely pyrausta antisocialis - hodges # 5076 still a new species for bug guide and this will be the only photo on moth photographers group ! only a few pinned photos exist on bold . thanks
at mpg but i have no idea of its range . in the huachuca mountains i have most commonly collected pyrausta arizonicalis 5066 but it does not look like it .
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
munroe , e . , 1976 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 13 . 2b , p . 141 ; pl . 9 . 38 - 39 order
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
holotype : usa : new mexico , mckinley co . , mcgaffey , zuñi mts . @ 7500 ' .
. the wedge entomological research foundation . p . 141 , pl . 9 , figs . 38 - 39 , pl . k , fig . 7 , pl . t , fig . 11 .
the moths of america north of mexico . fascicle 13 . 2b . pyraloidea , pyralidae ( part ) , pyraustinae , pyraustini ( conclusion ) . . . munroe , eugene . 1976 . the wedge entomological research foundation .
check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . hodges , et al . ( editors ) . 1983 . e . w . classey , london . 284 pp .
contributed by maury j . heiman on 11 june , 2011 - 9 : 36pm additional contributions by kyhl austin last updated 25 march , 2016 - 10 : 06pm
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
aspen trail , santa catalina mts . , pima county , arizona , usa june 3 , 2011
can someone id this very colorful moth ? found at 8 , 000 feet during the day . don ' t know if i scared it up or if it was a day - flier ?
moved from id request . i agree with charles nice addition to bug guide !
wish i ' d gotten a sharper image , but one shot and it was gone .
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munroe ( 1972a ) fascicle 13 . 1a of the moths of american north of mexico [ all species of scopariinae figured in munroe 1973 , fascicle 13 . 1c ]
munroe ( 1972a ) fascicle 13 . 1a of the moths of american north of mexico [ all species of nymphulinae figured in munroe 1973 , fascicle 13 . 1c ]
munroe ( 1972b ) fascicle 13 . 1b of the moths of american north of mexico [ all species of odontiinae figured in munroe 1973 fascicle 13 . 1c ]
munroe ( 1972b ) fascicle 13 . 1b of the moths of american north of mexico [ all species of glaphyriinae figured in munroe 1973 fascicle 13 . 1c ]
[ mona 5042 ] - - [ source uaic ] potential miss - ided , munroe ( 1976 ) seems to indicate texas as western limit .
( b & mcd . ) [ mona 5133 ] - - [ source c . ferris ]
from the pollination garden at the arizona sonora desert museum ( tucson ) from 28 oct 2006 . notice the hair - pencils at the end of the abdomen .
bruce walsh . jbwalsh @ urltoken . comments , correction and additions most welcome . to get to my home page .


erebia cyclopius is a species of butterfly of the satyrinae subfamily in the family nymphalidae .

it is found from the ural to siberia , northern mongolia , northern china and north korea .

the habitat consists of forest edges , flowery meadows and sparse larch forests .

the wingspan is 46 – 62 mm .

adults are on wing from june to july .

the species overwinters in the larval stage .

erebia cyclopius

erebia cyclopius ( eversmann , 1844 ) = erebia cyclopia = cyclopius ( eversmann , 1844 ) .
buy butterflies for sale satyridae : erebia cyclopius set 10 from siberia online . worldwide shipping ! beautiful insect butterflies for sale satyridae : erebia cyclopius set 10 for sale at the bugmaniac , one of the world ' s largest dealers of preserved dried insects .
( 2008 ) : a checklist of the satyrine genus erebia ( lepidoptera ) ( 1758–2006 ) .
{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . erebia cyclopius eversmann , 1844 . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 9 , 2018 ] .
first of the three erebia plates in the 1915 macrolepidoptera of the world , edited by adalbert seitz . this work was published near the height of taxonomic confusion about these butterflies .
the yellow - banded ringlet ( erebia flavofasciata ) is a member of the satyrinae subfamily of nymphalidae . it is a high mountain butterfly found in a small area of the alps in switzerland and italy .
erebia is a holarctic genus of brush - footed butterflies , family nymphalidae . most of the about 90–100 species ( see also below ) are dark brown or black in color , with reddish brown to orange or more rarely yellowish wing blotches or bands . these usually bear black spots within , which sometimes have white center spots .
this genus has found it easy to adapt to arid and especially cold conditions . most of its members are associated with high - altitude lands , forest clearings or high latitude and tundra . erebia species are frequent in the alps , rocky mountains , subarctic and even arctic regions , and the cooler parts of central asia . in fact , the north american term for these butterflies is
alpines
. eurasian species are collectively known as
ringlets
or
arguses
. however , none of these terms is used exclusively for this genus .
a peculiar case is the colorado alpine , the nominate subspecies of erebia callias . this isolated rocky mountains population has been lumped with the siberian brassy ringlets as they are almost alike morphologically . though one might suspect stronger differentiation and perhaps marked cryptic speciation across the wide range , the rocky mountains population is apparently a very recent isolate . its ancestors apparently crossed over the bering strait at the end of the wisconsinian glaciation , about 15 . 000 - 10 . 000 years ago . thus , brassy ringlets are present on the north american continent quite exactly for the same length of time as a significant human population .
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· type locality .
. . . in provincia irkuzkiensi
[ irkutsk region , russia ] .
· range . from the n . urals across siberia , n . mongolia and n . china to n . korea .
· distribution and variation . the s . urals , central and s . siberia , the altai and sayan mts . , transbaikalia - the nominate subspecies ; the amur and ussuri regions - ssp . aporia schawerda , 1919 ; sakhalin - yoshikurana kishida et nakamura , 1941 .
· habitat and biology . forest edges , flowery meadows , sparse larch forests , in the mountains up to 2 , 000 m a . s . l . flight period : june - july . larvae hibernating .
· similar species . e . wanga : unh without bluish postdiscal band . e . edda : upf double eye - spot diffusely bordered with reddish colour ; unh without bluish postdiscal band .
photo and text : guide to the butterflies of russia and adjacent territories volume 1 . pensoft , sofia - moscow . 1997
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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copyright © andre gorodinski . the insects from the palaearctic region . web design by mrs . l . gorodinski . special thanks to mr . a . malinin for technical support website .
the wingspan is 46–62 mm . adults are on wing from june to july .
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regions of the russian federation : gorno - altai , trans - baikal , krasnoyarsk , nizhny - amur , prealtay , of baikal , pribaikalskiy , primorye , sakhalin , the north - yenisei north okhotsk , mid - amur , average okhotsk , mid - ural , sredneobskaya , tuva , south - uralsky , south yakutia .
[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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vincent robert coordinator ncb barcoding part iii cbs - knaw email : v . robert @ urltoken
a diverse and widespread holarctic genus , with some species distributed in both western north america and eastern eurasia .
phylogenetic relationships among the tyndarus group are based on albre et al . ' s ( 2008 ) study of mitochondrial dna sequences . the remainder of this diverse genus awaits phylogenetic study .
larval host plant is unknown . a swiss subspecies , e . flavofasciata warreni , has been proposed .
( i . e . , without discussing synonymy and relationships ) was published in 2008 .
. but things hardly improved as more and more of the diversity of these butterflies came to note . in
. in the 19th and early 20th century the alps were a popular destination for butterfly collectors and specimens of alpine butterflies were very profitable for dealers . the dealers , mostly german , not only sold specimens , but were
this , together with the then - popular , even obsessive study of variation by entomologists—examples are james william tutt , george wheeler , felix bryk and brisbane charles somerville warren —led to very many names being applied to what may be or much more likely may not be biological species or subspecies . a further problem is the use of the term
variety
. authors of that time used this for an individual variant , a group of individuals morphologically but not otherwise related , seasonal forms , temperature - related forms , or geographic races ; it was later usually taken to mean the last subspecies though this is often suspected to have been premature .
studies add to the available data , it is becoming clear that most
varieties
that have at least been commonly considered subspecies in the latter 20th century are indeed lineages distinct enough to warrant some formal degree of recognition . another result of recent research is confirmation of the theory that this genus contains many glacial
species is given variously around 90 - 100 , as developments happen so fast that it is hard for authors to remain up to date regarding the newest changes .
brower ( 2006 ) , albre et al . ( 2008 ) , and see savela ( 2008 ) for more sources
jim p . brock and k . kaufman . kaufman field guide to butterflies of north america , new york , ny : houghton mifflin , 2003 .
( lepidoptera , rhopalocera , nymphalidae , satyrinae ) species group combining coxii and nd5 mitochondrial genes : a case study of a recent radiation .
. version of 2006 - nov - 28 . retrieved 2008 - aug - 11 .
. version of 2008 - feb - 04 . retrieved 2008 - aug - 11 .
. version of 2008 - mar - 15 . retrieved 2008 - aug - 11 .
– , and in many cases certainly close relatives . a notable trait of their genus is an ability to adapt well to cold and somewhat
brassy ringlets are mid - sized members of their genus , with a length of 17–22 mm ( roughly two - thirds to one inch ) .
- colored patch that is lighter than the blackish - brown upperwings . in some , a third black spot , much smaller and without the white dot , is present at the opposite end of the reddish patch . the hindwings have no black spots in many , but in some
there are a few ( 2 - 4 or so ) black dots , usually without white in the center , paralleling the outer margin . if hindwing spots are present , they are sometimes surrounded by a lighter brown field like the forewing spots , sometimes not . the wing undersides are
colored , usually in greyish - brown and often with a noticeable band arching through the central hindwing , the rest of which has a silvery sheen which makes these species quite recognizable in flight .
the eyespots and the forewing patch surrounding them are found on the forewing undersides also ; if a hindwind pattern is present , it may or may not show up on the under hindwings either whole or in parts . the common name derives from the
as it seems , the origin of this group is perhaps south of the central asian or more likely in the balkans region . probably around 1 million years ago during the pre - pastonian stage , the original population expanded north . during an interstadial , the southern montane metapopulation and the one to the north which ranged across the eurasian taiga split .
two major southern populations were established some 800 . 000 - 700 . 000 years ago during the pastonian stage , when the habitat belt moved uphill , cutting off gene flow between major mountain ranges . coincident with the günz - mindel interglacial , about 600 . 000 - 500 . 000 years ago some more distinct local populations diverged in the south .
meanwhile , the northern population had been spreading across europe to the pyrenees and deep into siberia . with the ice – which had then been covering much of northern and central europe – retreating at the end of the elsterian stage between 400 . 000 - 300 . 000 years ago , the taiga population and their relatives in the mountains of central and western europe became isolated for good . finally , at the end of the riss / saale glaciation about 130 . 000 years ago , alpine and siberian populations fragmented further . the former stayed rather distinct while more subsequent gene flow occurred between the latter ; this difference is probably an effect of habitat topography .
, the molecualr and morphological data are still more in favor of retaining a single species .
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size : 160 x 230 mm wide extend : 544 pp , 10000 colour illustrations , more then 700 maps .
n . africa ( from morocco to egypt ) , asia minor and near east .
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2 probably this species photographed on the dry hill north of markakol and 4 + almost certainly this species on the way up the alatay pass . 2 / 14
subspecies ‘alpherakyi’ . seen above cim bulak , almaty and 2 + between kamenka and ust - kamenogorsk . 2 / 14
probably widespread but only identified with certainty on 4 days . certainly there were other colias species present that went unidentified
noted in the kalbinskiy hills and 1 on the alatay pass . 3 / 14
at times the commonest of the wood whites at markakol . distinctive with pronounced ‘cross - bars’ on the hindwings and slightly more attentuated forewings . 3 / 14
1 on the marble pass and 3 + on the dry hill north of markakol . 2 / 14
noted between ust - kamenogorsk and zaysan and several at the yourta service area there on the way back . 2 / 14
the commonest blue in meadows between markakol and the burkhat pass . 2 / 14
common on the dry hill north of markakol and on the alatay pass . 2 / 14
singles on the alatay pass and on the northward tributary of the buktarma below the climb to rakhmanovskie klyuchi . 2 / 14
1 in the kalbinskiy hills and also noted at the bee farm near kamenka . 2 / 14
seen on the alatay pass . like the next species but with no orange areas on the inner part of wing
singles at markakol and by the north tributary of the bukhtarma river below the rise to rakhmanovskie klyuchi . 2 / 14 . a very distinctive ringlet
singles on the alatay pass and in a bog by the lake at rakhmanovskie klyuchi . 2 / 14