the mexican gray squirrel ( or red-bellied squirrel ) ( sciurus aureogaster ) is a tree squirrel in the genus sciurus native to guatemala and eastern and southern mexico .

it has been introduced in the florida keys .

the alternate name of this squirrel ( red-bellied squirrel ) should not be confused with the indonesian red-bellied squirrel ( rubrisciurus rubriventer ) or the asian red-bellied tree squirrel ( callosciurus erythraeus ) .

the two subspecies each have many synonyms associated with them : the subspecies s. a. aureogaster was also known as s. a. chrysogaster , s. a. ferruginiventris , s. a. hypopyrrhus , s. a. hypoxanthus , s. a. leucogaster , s. a. maurus , s. a. morio , s. a. mustelinus , s. a. raviventer and s. a. rufiventris .

the subspecies s. a. nigrescens was also known as s. a. affinis , s. a. albipes , s. a. cervicalis , s. a. chiapensis , s. a. cocos , s. a. colimensis , s. a. effugius , s. a. frumentor , s. a. griseoflavus , s. a. hernandezi , s. a. hirtus , s. a. leucops , s. a. littoralis , s. a. nelsoni , s. a. nemoralis , s. a. perigrinator , s. a. poliopus , s. a. quercinus , s. a. rufipes , s. a. senex , s. a. socialis , s. a. tepicanus , s. a. varius and s. a. wagneri .

mexican gray squirrel

a systematic study of the mexican and guatemalan gray squirrel , sciurus aureogaster f . cuvier ( rodentia : sciuridae ) .
mcguire , r . 1975 . field ecology of the exotic mexican red - bellied squirrel in florida .
pack , j . , h . mosby , p . siegel . 1967 . influence of social hierarchy on gray squirrel behavior .
ramos - lara , n . , f . cervantes . 2011 . ecology of mexican red - bellied squirrel (
brown , l . , r . mcguire . 1975 . field ecology of the exotic mexican red - bellied squirrel in florida .
ramos - lara , n . , f . cervantes . 2007 . nest - site selection by the mexican red - bellied squirrel (
to celebrate the world cup , i’m drawing one mammal from each of the 32 competing countries . today’s is the mexican gray squirrel , also called the mexican red - bellied squirrel , a busy little guy who is native to the treetops of both mexico and guatemala . ( guatemala’s national soccer team has never qualified for the world cup . ) the mexican gray squirrel , like all other squirrels , i imagine , likes to eat nuts and seeds , but it also occasionally treats itself to a raid on a mango or cacao plantation . the species is widespread and not threatened ( hooray ! cue vuvuzelas ! ) .
author : vassia atanassova - spiritia license : attribution 3 . 0 unported ( cc by 3 . 0 ) urltoken description : english : mexican gray squirrel ( sciurus aureogaster ) seen in chapultepec park , mexico city български : мексиканска сива катерица ( sciurus aureogaster ) , заснета в парка чапултепек , град мексико link : urltoken title : mexican gray squirrel ( sciurus aureogaster ) in chapultepec park , mexico city - 1 . webm details of the licenses can be found on this channel ' s
about
page . in this video , no changes or modifications have been made to the original material . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
there is little available information on longevity in mexican red - bellied squirrels . readers should refer to information on the family sciuridae .
sharp , w . 1959 . a commentary on the behavior of free running gray squirrels . proceedings of the southeastern association game and fish commissioners , 13 : 382 - 387 .
there is little available information on parental investment in mexican red - bellied squirrels . readers should refer to information on the family sciuridae .
mcguire , r . , l . brown . 1973 . coconut feeding behavior of the red - bellied squirrel on elliot key , dade co . , florida .
mexico is the usa’s major rival in soccer / fútbol , which makes life hard for some mexican - americans at world cup time . mexico has hosted the world cup twice , and both times the team made it to the quarterfinals , but el tri has never made it any further than that .
this squirrel occurs in most forested habitats including thorn scrub , deciduous and evergreen forest , dry pine - oak woodland , secondary forest , and plantations . in dry woodlands or forest it is most common , especially in those bordering agricultural areas ( reid 1997 ) . it also occurs in urban areas . this squirrel is diurnal and usually solitary . individuals occupy distinct territories and may occur at densities of 0 . 7 individuals / ha ( coates - estrada and estrada 1986 ) . it is mainly arboreal , but will come to the ground to feed or travel from tree to tree . leaf nests are built on tree branches , 5 to 15 m above ground . in the lowlands , it feeds fruits and seeds of ficus spp . , cecropia spp . , poulsenia armata , brosimum alicastrum , and astrocaryum mexicanum . acorns and pine nuts are the staple foods of highland populations . plantations of corn , mango , cacao , and tamarind are sometimes raided . it is usually silent , but sometimes makes raspy trills and harsh chatters . females give birth to 2 to 4 young during the dry season ; black and gray individuals may be born in the same litter ( reid 1997 ) .
this is a fantastic squirrel , jennifer ! your color is so very bold , while still being true to the animal , and your texture work is impressive ! some of your best , in fact . the feel of the fur and the contrast between body and tail really come through here . and as someone who used to have backyard squirrels sitting on his shoulder as a kid , i know what i’m talking about !
mexican red - bellied squirrels make leaf nests built on tree branches approximately 5 - 15m above ground . these leaf nests consist of a base of interwoven twigs containing an inner cup of tightly packed singular leaves and covered by a dome of interlaced leaves and small twigs . it is thought the twigs and leaves are taken from the immediate area surrounding the nest and consist of the inhabited tree species . in mexico ,
has an average of 1 - 2 offspring per litter and food availability appears to be the limiting factor in their reproduction . in a study by brown and mcguire ( 1975 ) , 70 - 90 % of adult males captured in florida exhibited signs of breeding condition year round . in the same region , lactating females varied from 50 % of adult females in february and over 40 % in the may - august period , to a low of 12 . 5 % in november . in general , little is known about reproduction in this squirrel species .
little is known about the home range sizes of mexican red - bellied squirrels in their native range . in their introduced range in florida , home range sizes for females are smaller than those of their male counterparts , with the average home range size for adult males is 2 . 3 hectares and for females it is 0 . 9 hectare . home range size of breeding males are highly variable and may indicate some type of social hierarchy where certain males dominate in mating with females , while some individuals may range farther to breed with receptive females .
red - bellied squirrels are found in a variety of forests ranging from tropical scrub and broadleaf forests of the hot lowlands to the cold and wet temperate cloud forests of oak and conifer in the highlands . they are found at up to 3 , 800 meters in elevation . they are most commonly found in dry woodlands and generally occur in forested habitats including thorn scrub , deciduous and evergreen forest , dry pine - oak woodland , secondary forest , and plantations . mexican red - bellied squirrels also inhabit areas bordering agricultural and urban areas . introduced populations in the florida keys are abundant in dense , subtropical hammock - forest .
mexican red - bellied squirrels are diurnal with most movements starting one - half hour after sunrise until about an hour before noon , and then beginning again in the early evening hours . even after long exposure to humans , s . aureogaster is shy and elusive . in areas where the species was introduced it rarely comes to the ground and spends most of its time on the limbs of tree canopy . in mexico , however , squirrels can be observed using the forest floor year round , especially during the dry season . high winds , days with high ambient temperature , and cloudy and / or rainy weather inhibits normal activity . when an intruder approaches , s . aureogaster shows occasional aggressive behaviors such as emitting barks and moving its tail forward and backward rapidly . chasing behaviors have been observed between individuals of s . aureogaster and may be involved with reproduction . the chasing behavior consists of multiple individuals chasing a single individual and producing numerous squeaking and clicking sounds over a small area of the forest .
adult males weigh an average of 591 . 7 g amd adult females weigh an average of 562 . 5 g . hayssen et al . 1993 report an average body mass of 505 g . head and body length ranges from 232 to 310 mm , with tail length ranging from 215 to 284 mm . dorsal pelage consists of salt - and - pepper coloration combined with a bright rufous belly and flank . the rufous color of the flank is spread dorsally over the area of the forelimbs and shoulder to form an hour - glass shaped marking over the back . these main pelage features are best developed and least variable in populations of the northern ( tamaulipas and eastern san luis potosi ) and southeastern ( northeastern oaxaca , eastern veracruz , tabasco , and northeastern chiapas ) segments of the range . red - bellied squirrels are one of the most variable western hemisphere tree squirrels in terms and color and pattern . they can have grayish upper parts that may be broken or un - patterned by nape or rump patches , a shoulder and costal patch , or combinations of those patterns . the underparts may vary from white to orange to deep chestnut . in a study area in michoacan , squirrels were grey with white underparts . in certain segments of the range , populations exhibit melanism . in northern populations , a melanistic phase is common ; about 40 % of specimens sampled from tamaulipas and eastern san luis potosi have high degrees of black coloration . furthermore , introduced populations in the florida keys have either totally black or gray dorsal pelage with a red belly color phase in a 50 % ratio . most melanistic squirrels have a reddish tinge to the underfur on the back and rump . reid ( 1997 ) defines four distinct color forms ( although there is variation in each form ) .
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justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , tolerance of a broad range of habitats , and because it does not appear to be under threat and is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species occurs from southwest and central guatemala to guanajuato , nayarit and nuevo leon , mexico ( thorington and hoffmann 2005 ) . it has been introduced to elliot key , florida ( reid 1997 ) . it occurs from lowlands to 3 , 800 m ( reid 1997 ) .
no major threats known . although not considered a major threat , in some areas this species is hunted for food or to prevent damage to corn and other crops ( reid 1997 ) .
there are no known conservation measures specific to this species . however , there are several protected areas within its range .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
the range of red - bellied squirrels extends northward from southwest and central guatemala to guanajuato , nayarit , and nuevo leon , mexico . two pairs were introduced to elliott key island in the florida keys in 1938 by a resident of the island and now a population is established there . they have also been documented on adams key , sands key , and old rhodes key , indicating that they may be expanding their introduced range . in one study conducted , a density of 2 . 47 squirrels were calculated per hectare in elliot key . across the range , two subspecies have been identified :
inhabiting the rest of the geographic range . according to morphological characteristics of the baculum , red - bellied squirrels are closely related to other neotropical squirrels :
( brown and mcguire , 1969 ; brown , 1969 ; koprowski , et al . , 2005 ; layne , 1997 ; mcguire , 1975 ; palmer , et al . , 2014 ; reid , 1997 ; tilmant , 1980 ; villalobos and cervantes - reza , 2007 ; wilson and reeder , 2005 )
( hayssen , 2008 ; hayssen , et al . , 1996 ; mcguire , 1975 ; musser , 1968 ; ramos - lara and cervantes , 2011 ; reid , 1997 )
exhibits year round breeding activity . mating system is unknown , but is most likely polygynandrous as for most members of the family
females give birth to 2 - 4 offspring during the dry season across their normal distribution . for florida populations ,
breeding interval sciurus aureogaster exhibit year round breeding activity . gestation period is unknown .
. the squirrels build nests in forks of trees or in branches of oak and pine . individuals constructing nests bite off leafy branches 20 - 30cm long and interweave them into a spherical shape . during the wet season
is most commonly used during the dry season . this preference , however , may be due to seasonal tree mast production . when available , artificial nest boxes are utilized . however , unlike their natural form , the artificial nest boxes are exposed and uncovered . in a study conducted on introduced populations in the florida keys , brown and mcguire ( 1975 ) discovered
uses nest boxes in tropical habitat characterized by a few natural tree hollows . eight different tree species were used , although the west indian mahogany (
( brown and mcguire , 1975 ; mcguire , 1975 ; musser , 1968 ; pack , et al . , 1967 ; ramos - lara and cervantes , 2007 ; ramos - lara and cervantes , 2011 ; reid , 1997 )
four different vocalizations have been outlined by brown and mcguire ( 1975 ) using sharp ' s ( 1959 ) terminology : 1 . the call of apprehension ; a low - pitched barking call when squirrels are at a safe distance but within sight of an intruder . 2 . the call of danger ; high - pitched barking call and a faster note . 3 . the mating call ; numerous rapid squeaking and clucking sounds . 4 . the squeal of death ; sharp , piercing high - pitched squeals . during apprehensive and danger calls , the tail is held forward over the back in an “s” position and rapidly moved forward and backward .
red - bellied squirrels are primarily frugivorous . in the lowlands of its native range , seeds and fruits of
are commonly eaten . in the highlands , acorns and pine nuts are common food staples . in mexico , red - bellied squirrels are observed feeding on seeds of pines (
) . however , field observations indicate that use of food items may be based on seasonality . red - bellied squirrels use the fruit or seeds of many different species of tropical trees and shrubs including wild mastic (
) , and sea grape . when seeds are unavailable , squirrels clip branches and consume the phloem of wild mastic .
) , which provide rich and constant food supply throughout the year along marine shorelines .
( brown and mcguire , 1969 ; hall and kelson , 1959 ; mcguire , 1975 ; palmer , et al . , 2007 ; ramos - lara and cervantes , 2011 ; reid , 1997 )
in native populations , red - bellied squirrels are hunted as food for human consumption and makes up 4 . 9 % of the bobcat (
) diet . in introduced populations , there is little predation pressure . rather , competition for food and denning sites with native fox squirrels , black rats , raccoons , frugivorous birds , owls , and other species appears to be the limiting factor on population density .
( aranda , et al . , 2002 ; mcguire , 1975 ; reid , 1997 )
) due to an overlap in territory and shared resources . where introduced , red - bellied squirrels can affect native fauna , such as the threatened white - crowned pigeons (
) , a state species of special concern . additionally , the dispersal and establishment of white oak trees can be decreased due to predation on acorns by red - bellied squirrels . possible commensal relationships occur between red - bellied squirrels and invertebrate taxa such as ants , paper wasps , and scorpions as they were found inside man - made nest boxes with these squirrels . screech owls (
) may use nest boxes for temporary shelter and rearing young . red - bellied squirrels are host to a recently described species of nematode ,
(
florida’s endangered species , threatened species , and species of special concern
, 2004 ; bancroft and bowman , 1994 ; falcon - ordaz and lamothe - argumedo , 2006 ; mcguire , 1975 ; musser , 1968 ; palmer , et al . , 2007 ; steele , et al . , 2001 )
red - bellied squirrels sometimes cause damage to cornfields by consuming fruiting ears in mexico .
alicia byers ( author ) , texas a & m university , jessica light ( author , editor ) , texas a & m university , tanya dewey ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor .
living in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
having markings , coloration , shapes , or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment ; being difficult to see or otherwise detect .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
forest biomes are dominated by trees , otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality .
referring to animal species that have been transported to and established populations in regions outside of their natural range , usually through human action .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males , each of which also pairs with several different females .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
living in cities and large towns , landscapes dominated by human structures and activity .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
florida fish and wildlife conservation commission . florida’s endangered species , threatened species , and species of special concern . gainesville , tallahassee : florida fish and wildlife conservation commission . 2004 . accessed august 20 , 2014 at urltoken .
bancroft , g . , r . bowman . 1994 . temporal patterns in diet of nestling white - crowned pigeons : implications for conservation of frugivorous columbids .
ceballos , g . , c . galindo . 1984 . mamíferos silvestres de la cuenca de méxico .
falcon - ordaz , j . , m . lamothe - argumedo . 2006 . a new species of
hayssen , v . 2008 . reproductive effort in squirrels : ecological , phylogeneitc , allometric , and latitudinal patterns .
hayssen , v . , a . van tienhoven , a . van tienhoven . 1996 .
koprowski , j . , l . roth , f . reid , n . woodman , r . timm , l . emmons . 2013 .
sciurus aureogaster
( on - line ) . iucn redlist . accessed april 20 , 2014 at urltoken .
layne , j . 1997 . nonindigenous mammals . pp . 157 - 186 in d simberloff , d schmitz , brown , t . , eds .
palmer , g . , j . koprowski , t . pernas . 2007 . tree squirrels as invasive species : conservation and management implications . managing vertebrate invasive species , 36 : 273 - 282 .
f . cuvier , 1829 ) from biscayne national park , florida , usa . pp . 222 - 224 in c veitch , m clout , d towns , eds .
romero - balderas , k . , e . naranjo , h . morales , r . nigh . 2006 . damages caused by wild vertebrate species in corn crops at the lacandon forest , chiapas , mexico .
steele , m . , g . turner , p . smallwood , j . wolff , j . radillo . 2001 . cache management by small mammals : experimental evidence for the significance of acorn - embryo excision .
to cite this page : byers , a . and j . light 2015 .
sciurus aureogaster
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
discover world - changing science . explore our digital archive back to 1845 , including articles by more than 150 nobel prize winners .
scientific american is part of springer nature , which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications ( many of them can be found at urltoken ) . scientific american maintains a strict policy of editorial independence in reporting developments in science to our readers .
mexico , whose national team is nicknamed el tri for the country’s tricolor flag , is in the world cup’s group a , a tough bunch of contenders , as we discussed yesterday . in friday’s opening game of the tournament , mexico just managed to tie south africa 1–1 . of course a win would have made either team happy , but the level of competition in their group is such that neither is out of the running yet . ( if you missed the game , here’s the guardian’ s live blog of it . ) next , south africa takes on uruguay on wednesday and mexico faces france on thursday .
also , nice world cup info as well . thanks for helping me get into the fifa spirit ! indeed , let the vuvuzelas sound ! ( but only for a brief while — they give me a headache ! )
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use these links to obtain additional detailed information and research . life history information is invaluable because it provides diet and habitat info that can be used to formulate diets as well as identify release environments
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the rainbow ameiva , barred whiptail , or metallic ameiva ( ameiva undulata ) is a species of whiptail lizard found in costa rica , nicaragua , honduras , el salvador , guatemala , belize , and southern mexico .

ameiva undulata

jennifer hammock split the classifications by herpetology resource from ameiva undulata wiegmann 1834 to their own page .
this species was recently moved into the genus holcosus ; it was formerly known as ameiva undulata .
maggie whitson set
image of holcosus undulatus
as an exemplar on
ameiva undulata wiegmann 1834
.
mccrystal , h . , j . behler . 2007 . husbandry and reproduction of captive giant ameiva i lizards ameiva ameiva at the new york zoological park .
biazquez , m . 1996 . activity and habitat use in a population of ameiva ameiva in southeastern columbia .
maggie whitson marked the classification from
species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013
as preferred for
ameiva undulata wiegmann 1834
.
colli , g . 1991 . reproductive ecology of ameiva ameiva ( sauria , teiidae ) in the cerrado of central brazil .
vitt , l . 1982 . reproductive tactics of ameiva ameiva ( lacertilia : teiidae ) in a seasonally fluctuating tropical habitat .
garcía , ulises padilla ; mendoza - quijano , fernando 1996 . geographic distribution . ameiva undulata . herpetological review 27 ( 4 ) : 210 - get paper here
lainson , r . , i . paperna . 1999 . some coccida from the gall - bladder and intestine of the teiid lizard ameiva ameiva ameiva and the gecko hemidactylus mabouia in north brazil .
stuart , l . c . 1942 . comments on the undulata group of ameiva ( sauria ) . proc . biol . soc . washington 55 : 143 - 150 - get paper here
boyden , t . 1976 . butterfly palatability and mimicry : experiment with ameiva lizards .
sartorius , s . , l . vitt , g . colli . 1999 . use of naturally and anthropogenically disturbed habitats in amazonian rainforest by the teiid lizard ameiva ameiva .
to cite this page : siders , r . 2014 .
ameiva ameiva
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
censky , e . 1995 . mating strategy and reproduction success in the teiid lizard , ameiva .
this ameiva was at the roadside near the palenque garabito restaurant where we stopped briefly for a final pit stop before leaving the pan - american highway for the long and bumpy dirt road up to the monteverde cloud forest . i believe this is a young female ameiva undulata ; the males are much more colorful ( as in the next picture ) .
giugliano , l . , r . teixeira , g . colli , s . bao . 2002 . ultrastructure of spermatozoa of the lizard ameiva ameiva , with considerations on polymorphism within the family teiidae ( squamata ) .
imparato , b . , m . antoniazzi , m . rodrigues , c . jared . 2007 . morphology of the femoral glands in the lizard ameiva ameiva ( teiidae ) and their possible role in semiochemical dispersion .
maffei , f . , g . rodrigues do nascimento , d . neto . 2009 . predation on the lizard ameiva ameiva ( sauria : teiidae ) by a coral snake micrurus frontalis ( serpentes : elapidae ) in brazil .
undulata : pacific slopes of the isthmus of tehuantepec as far west as puerto ángel , and eastward to niltepec . oaxaca . type locality : mexico ( by inference ) . restricted to tehuantepec by smith 1940 .
lewis , a . , j . saliva . 1987 . effects of sex and size on home range , dominance , and activity budgets in ameiva exsul ( lacertilia : teiida ) .
echternacht , arthur c . 1970 . taxonomic and ecological notes on some middle and south american lizards of the genus ameiva ( teiidae ) . breviora ( 354 ) : 1 - 9 - get paper here
echternacht , a . c . 1971 . middle american lizards of the genus ameiva . misc . publ . univ . kans . mus . nat . hist . 55 : 1 - 86 - get paper here
barbour , t . and g . k . noble . 1915 . a revision of the lizards of the genus ameiva . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard 59 : 417 - 479 . - get paper here
smith , hobart m . & laufe , leonard e . 1946 . a summary of mexican lizards of the genus ameiva . univ . kansas sci . bull . 31 ( 2 ) : 7 - 73 - get paper here
hower , lindsey m . , and s . blair hedges 2003 . molecular phylogeny and biogeography of west indian teiid lizards of the genus ameiva . carib . j . sci . 39 ( 3 ) : 298 - 306 . - get paper here
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
harvey , m . b . , ugueto , g . n . and gutberlet jr . , r . l . 2012 . review of teiid morphology with a revised taxonomy and phylogeny of the teiidae ( lepidosauria : squamata ) . zootaxa 3459 : 1 - 156 .
acosta chaves , v . , batista , a . , chaves , g . , flores - villela , o . , ibáñez , r . , jaramillo , c . , köhler , g . & solórzano , a .
justification : listed as least concern because it is relatively widespread , numerous , and not declining fast enough for listing in a more threatened category .
species . it occurs at low and moderate elevations from tamaulipas ( mexico ) on the atlantic versant , and nayarit ( mexico ) on the pacific slope , southward to northwestern costa rica . it is found throughout the yucatan peninsula . elevational range extends from sea level to 1 , 500 meters ( köhler 2008 ) .
belize ; costa rica ; el salvador ; guatemala ; honduras ; mexico ; nicaragua ( nicaragua ( mainland ) , nicaraguan caribbean is . )
this terrestrial and diurnal lizard inhabits tropical and subtropical wet , moist , and dry forest . it prefers open situations such as plantations , pasture lands , house gardens , and forest edges ; avoiding the deep shade of tall humid forests . it is frequently seen darting across roads or encountered as it forages noisily through the leaf litter .
currently , this species is of relatively low conservation concern and does not require significant additional protection or major management , monitoring , or research action . it is present in several protected areas .
acosta chaves , v . , batista , a . , chaves , g . , flores - villela , o . , ibáñez , r . , jaramillo , c . , köhler , g . & solórzano , a . 2013 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
the number of species increased from 10 , 711 to 10 , 793 , i . e . an increase of 82 species . 66 new species have been described , 9 species have been revalidated from synonymy and 16 subspecies were elevated to full species . . .
over the past 4 months , the number of species increased from 10 , 639 to 10 , 711 .
the number of species has grown from 10 , 544 in the may release to now 10 , 639 ( + 95 species ) .
overall , 212 new taxa have been added or changed their status or name .
the reptile database is a taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species , such as turtles , snakes , lizards , and crocodiles , as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians , but does not include dinosaurs .
currently there are more than 10 , 000 species and an additional 2 , 700 subspecies . this is making reptiles the largest vertebrate group after fish ( ~ 25 , 000 species ) and birds ( ~ 10 , 000 species ) , and significantly larger than mammals ( ~ 5 , 000 species ) or amphibians ( ~ 6 , 000 species ) .
the reptile database provides taxonomic information for the catalogue of life and the encyclopedia of life . our taxonomic information has also been used by genbank and many other resources and is the only comprehensive reptile database on the web .
the reptile database can be used to find all species within a certain geographic area ( e . g . all snakes of egypt ) . its collection of more than 2 , 500 images allow users to identify a species or at least get an idea how the species or genus may look like . more than 30 , 000 references provide a guide to further information .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
amphigramma : mexico ( n veracruz southward at low elevations to the isthmus of tehuantepec , westward into valleys extending into extreme e oaxaca , ne puebla ; tabasco , tamaulipas , nuevo león ) . type locality : san andrés tuxtla , veracruz .
dextra : southern slope of the sierra madre del sur . oaxaca , guerrero . type locality : near rincón , guerrero .
gaigeae : northern half of the yucatán peninsula and southward to the island carmen along the extreme eastern coast ; yucatán , campeche , quintana roo . type locality : progreso , yucatán .
hartwegi : atlantic slopes of mexico ( chiapas ) and guatemala from the vicinity of the southeastern end of laguna de términos south and eastward across the base of the yucatán peninsula to nw honduras . campeche , quintana roo , yucatan . type locality : “across the río usumacinta from piedras negras , guatemala , in chiapas , mexico” .
miadis : isla del maíz grande . type locality : “great corn island” [ = isla del maiz grande” ] , depto . zelaya , nicaragua .
parva : guatemala , pacific slopes from the isthmus of tehuantepec in oaxaca to costa rica . chiapas . type locality : guatemala . restricted to mazatenango by smith & laufe 1946 .
podarga : s tamaulipas , e san luis potosí , probably veracruz and hidalgo . type locality : 7 miles west of ciudad victoria , tamaulipas .
pulchra : caribbean slope of honduras south to costa rica ; type locality : nicaragua .
sinistra : mexico ( colima , jalisco , michoacán , puebla , morelos , nayarit ; pacific slopes from jalisco to the arid balsas basin in michoacán , thence inland along the northern drainage of the río balsas to puebla ) . type locality : manzanillo , colima .
stuarti : atlantic slopes of mexico from the middle of the isthmus of tehuantepec eastward in the lowlands to the southern border of laguna de términos and to tenosique , tabasco . southward up the valley of the río rrijalva at least as far as tuxtla gutiérrez , chiapas . campeche , oaxaca . type locality : palenque , chiapas .
thomasi : upper tributaries of río grijalva in the interior of chiapas and adjacent guatemala . type locality : la libertad , chiapas , near río cuilco where it crosses the gutemalan border .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
the specific name undulatus is a latin word meaning wavy or undulating , in reference to the dorsolateral pattern .
barbour , t . & loveridge , a . 1929 . amphibians and reptiles [ of the corn islands , nicaragua ] . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard 69 : 138 - 146 - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1885 . catalogue of the lizards in the british museum ( natural history ) . vol . 2 , second edition . london , xiii + 497 pp . - get paper here
brattstrom , baynard h . ; adis , nelly b . 1952 . notes on a collection of reptiles and amphibians from oaxaca , mexico . herpetologica 8 : 59 - 60 - get paper here
campbell , j . a . 1998 . amphibians and reptiles of northern guatemala , the yucatán , and belize . norman : university of oklahoma press , xiii + 380 pp . - get paper here
casas - andreu , g . , f . r . méndez - de la cruz and x . aguilar - miguel . 2004 . anfibios y reptiles ; pp . 375–390 , in a . j . m . garcía - mendoza , j . ordoñez and m . briones - salas ( ed . ) . biodiversidad de oaxaca . instituto de biología , unam - fondo oaxaqueño para la conservación de la naturaleza - world wildlife fund , méxico , d . f .
cope , e . d . 1894 . third addition to a knowledge of the batrachia and reptilia of costa rica . proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 1894 : 194 - 206 - get paper here
dixon , james r . and julio a . lemos - espinal 2010 . amphibians and reptiles of the state of queretaro , mexico . tlalnepantla unam , 428 pp .
dunn , e . r . 1940 . new and noteworthy herpetological material from panamá . proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia . 92 : 105 - 122 . - get paper here
gaige , h . 1936 . some reptiles and amphibians from yucatan and campeche , mexico . carnegie inst . wash . publ . , ( 457 ) : 289 - 304 .
garcía , a . & ceballos , g . 1994 . guia de campo de los reptiles y anfibios de la costa de jalisco , mexico . fundacion ecologica de cuixmala , a . c . instituto de biologia , unam
gehlbach , frederick r . ; collette , bruce b . 1957 . a contribution to the herpetofauna of the highlands of oaxaca , mexico . herpetologica 13 : 227 - 232 - get paper here
gray , j . e . 1845 . catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the british museum . trustees of die british museum / edward newman , london : xxvii + 289 pp . - get paper here
günther , a . c . l . g . 1885 . reptilia and batrachia . biologia centrali - américana . taylor , & francis , london , 326 pp . [ published in parts from 1885 - 1902 ; reprint by the ssar 1987 ] - get paper here
gutiérrez mayén , ma . guadalupe y jorge salazar arenas 2007 . herpetofauna de los municipios de camocuautla , zapotitlán de méndez y huitzilan de serdán , de la sierra norte de puebla . herpetofauna de tres municipios de la sierra norte de puebla , pp . 197 - 223
gutsche , alexander 2015 . die insel der verschollenen salamander : zur herpetofauna der honduranischen isla del tigre . terraria - elaphe 2015 ( 3 ) : 38 - 43 - get paper here
hallowell , e . 1861 . report upon the reptilia of the north pacific exploring expedition , under command of capt . john rogers , u . s . n . proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 12 [ 1860 ] : 480 - 510 - get paper here
harvey , michael b . ; gabriel n . ugueto & ronald l . gutberlet , jr . 2012 . review of teiid morphology with a revised taxonomy and phylogeny of the teiidae ( lepidosauria : squamata ) . zootaxa 3459 : 1–156 - get paper here
johnson , j . d . , l . d . wilson , v . mata - silva , e . garcía - padilla , and d . l . desantis . 2017 . the endemic herpetofauna of mexico : organisms of global significance in severe peril . mesoamerican herpetology 4 ( 3 ) : 544–620
johnson , jerry d . ; vicente mata - silva , elí garcía padilla , and larry david wilson 2015 . the herpetofauna of chiapas , mexico : composition , distribution , and conservation . mesoamerican herpetology 2 ( 3 ) : 272–329 . - get paper here
köhler , g . 2008 . reptiles of central america . 2nd ed . herpeton - verlag , 400 pp .
koller , rene 2005 . herpetologoische waarnemingen in belize , deel 2 : reptielen . lacerta 63 ( 1 ) : 4 - 19 - get paper here
lee , j . c . 2000 . a field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of the maya world . cornell university press , ithaca ,
lee , j . c . 1996 . the amphibians and reptiles of the yucatán peninsula . comstock , cornell university press , ithaca , 500 pp .
leenders , t . 2004 . der nationalpark “el imposible” in el salvador . reptilia ( münster ) 9 ( 48 ) : 45 - 49 - get paper here
lemos - espinal , julio a . and james r . dixon 2013 . amphibians and reptiles of san luis potosí . eagle mountain publishing , xii + 300 pp .
lemos - espinal , julio a . , geoffrey r . smith 2015 . amphibians and reptiles of the state of hidalgo , mexico . check list 11 ( 3 ) : 1642 - get paper here
lemos - espinal , julio ; daniel wylie , geoffrey smith 2017 . new distributional records for reptiles from nuevo león , mexico herpetology notes 10 : 639 - 614 - get paper here
liner , ernest a . , and gustavo casas - andreu . 2008 . standard spanish , english and scientific names of the amphibians and reptiles of mexico . herpetological circular 38 : 167 p .
luja vh , lópez ja , cruz - elizalde r , ramírez - bautista a 2017 . herpetofauna inside and outside from a natural protected area : the case of reserva estatal de la biósfera sierra san juan , nayarit , mexico . nature conservation 21 : 15 - 38 - get paper here
martin , plul s . 1958 . a biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the gomez farias region , tamaulipas , mexico . miscellaneous publications , museum of zoology , university of michigan ( 101 ) : 1 - 102 + 7 plates - get paper here
mata - silva , vicente , jerry d . johnson , larry david wilson and elí garcía - padilla . 2015 . the herpetofauna of oaxaca , mexico : composition , physiographic distribution , and conservation status . mesoamerican herpetology 2 ( 1 ) : 6–62 - get paper here
mccranie , j . & castañeda , f . e . 2005 . the herpetofauna of parque nacional pico bonito , honduras . phyllomedusa 4 ( 1 ) : 3 - 16 - get paper here
mccranie , james r . 2015 . a checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of honduras , with additions , comments on taxonomy , some recent taxonomic decisions , and areas of further studies needed . zootaxa 3931 ( 3 ) : 352–386 - get paper here
mccranie , james r . , leonardo valdés orellana and alexander gutsche . 2013 . new departmental records for amphibians and reptiles in honduras . herpetological review 44 ( 2 ) : 288 - 289
meza - lázaro , r . n . and nieto - montes de oca , a . 2015 . long forsaken species diversity in the middle american lizard holcosus undulatus ( teiidae ) . zoological journal of the linnean society 175 ( 1 ) : 189 - 210 ; doi : 10 . 1111 / zoj . 12264 - get paper here
neill , wilfred t . and e . ross allen . 1959 . studies on the amphibians and reptiles of british honduras . publications of the research division ross allen ' s reptiles institute . 2 ( 1 ) : 1 - 76
palacios - aguilar , ricardo & oscar flores - villela 2018 . an updated checklist of the herpetofauna from guerrero , mexico . zootaxa 4422 ( 1 ) : 1 - 24 - get paper here
savage , j . m . 2002 . the amphibians and reptiles of costa rica : a herpetofauna between two continents , between two seas . university of chicago press , 934 pp . [ review in copeia 2003 ( 1 ) : 205 ]
schlüter , u . 2006 . die ernährung von ameiven und warantejus in der natur und bei terrarienhaltung . reptilia ( münster ) 11 ( 62 ) : 56 - 62 - get paper here
schmidt , karl p . ; shannon , frederick a . 1947 . notes on amphibians and reptiles of michoacan , mexico . zoological series of field museum of natural history 31 ( 9 ) : 63 - 85
smith , h . m . 1935 . miscellaneous notes on mexican lizards . univ . kansas sci . bull . 22 : 119 - 156 - get paper here
smith , hobart m . & laufe , leonard e . 1945 . mexican amphibians and reptiles in the texas cooperative wildlife collections . trans . kansas acad . sci . 48 : 325 - 354 - get paper here
smith , h . m . 1940 . descriptions of new lizards and snakes from méxico and guatemala . proc . biol . soc . washington 53 : 55 - 64 . - get paper here
solís , j . m . , l . d . wilson , and j . h . townsend . 2014 . an updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of honduras , with comments on their nomenclature . mesoamerican herpetology 1 : 123–144 - get paper here
stuart , l . c . 1935 . a contribution to a knowledge of the herpetology of a portion of the savanna region of central peten , guatemala . university of michigan museum of zoology miscellaneous publications 29 : 1 - 56 - get paper here
stuart , l . c . 1948 . the amphibians and reptiles of alta verapaz guatamala . miscellaneous publications , museum of zoology , university of michigan 69 : 1 - 109 - get paper here
sunyer , javier 2014 . an updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of nicaragua . mesoamerican herpetology 1 ( 2 ) : 186–202 . - get paper here
taylor , e . h . 1956 . a review of the lizards of costa rica . univ . kansas sci . bull . 38 ( part 1 ) : 3 - 322 - get paper here
urbina - cardona , j . nicolás ; mario olivares - pérez , víctor hugo reynoso 2006 . herpetofauna diversity and microenvironment correlates across a pasture–edge–interior ecotone in tropical rainforest fragments in the los tuxtlas biosphere reserve of veracruz , mexico . biological conservation 132 : 61–75
vences m . , franzen m . , flaschendräger a . , schmitt r . & regös j . 1998 . beobachtungen zur herpetofauna von nicaragua : kommentierte artenliste der reptilien . salamandra 34 ( 1 ) : 17 - 42 - get paper here
wiegmann , a . f . a . 1834 . herpetologia mexicana , seu descriptio amphibiorum novae hispaniae , quae itineribus comitis de sack , ferdinandi deppe et chr . guil . schiede im museum zoologicum berolinense pervenerunt . pars prima , saurorum species . berlin , lüderitz , iv + 54 pp . - get paper here
woolrich - piña , g . a . , e . garcía - padilla , d . l . desantis , j . d . johnson , v . mata - silva , and l . d . wilson . 2017 . the herpetofauna of puebla , mexico : composition , distribution , and conservation status . mesoamerican herpetology 4 ( 4 ) : 791–884
zweifel , richard g . 1959 . additions to the herpetofauna of nayarit , mexico . american museum novitates ( 1953 ) : 1 - 13 - get paper here
classification from species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013 selected by maggie whitson - see more .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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i first noticed this large and colorful male rustling through the leaf litter on the shaded forest floor . i thought it was some sort of medium - sized rodent until it popped up its head and moved on to the next promising - looking leaf pile . after some more poking and prodding through the leaves , it finally decided to bask briefly in a sun patch , where i got this overly high - contrast photo .
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flores - villela , oscar / mccoy , c . j . , ed .
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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322cf308 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322cf46e - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fd36a - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 336d8ed8 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
uetz p . & hošek j . ( 2018 ) . the reptile database ( version dec 2015 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 5383828d - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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giant ameivas are found in central and south america . they are found from the eastern coast of brazil through the interior portions of central south america , to the west coasts of columbia , ecuador , and peru . they are found as far south as the northern portions of argentina , through bolivia and paraguay and as far north as french guiana , suriname , guyana , trinidad , tobago , and panama . recently they have been introduced to areas of florida .
(
scientific and standard english names
, 2001 ; biazquez , 1996 ; sartorius , et al . , 1999 )
giant ameivas are found in varied habitats , such as cerrado and northeastern caatinga in brazil and amazonian savannah and forests . they seem to prefer disturbed rain forests that have recently been harvested .
( biazquez , 1996 ; colli , 1991 ; imparato , et al . , 2007 ; sartorius , et al . , 1999 ; vitt , 1991 )
females carry their eggs for a short period of time and tend to stay in their burrows during this time . once eggs are laid , incubation time is about 5 months , with offspring usually hatching at the beginning of the rainy season . juvenile males tend to grow faster than their female counterparts . maturity is acheived when snout - vent length reaches 100 mm , occurring at about 8 months after hatching for both males and females .
in size and the environments in which they live , so their reproductive biology may be similar .
males tend to guard females during sexual encounters . however , males that did not guard females did not mate . males in this species that were larger tended to mate more as they won over the most females .
giant ameivas reproduce by laying eggs in clutches , which vary in size regionally . although little data exist from most regions , data have been collected from caatinga and cerrado habitats of brazil . clutch size can range from 3 to 11 . clutch sizes tend to be larger in cerrado , averaging 6 . 4 + / - 0 . 2 ( colli , 1991 ) . clutch sizes in caatinga average 5 . 7 + / - 0 . 164 ( vitt , 1982 ) . clutch size is directly related to snout - vent length of the female - larger females produce more eggs per clutch . in cerrado , females can lay up to 3 clutches per reproductive season . however , in caatinga giant ameivas may reproduce throughout the year . the reproductive habits of
are based on rainfall . in areas where rainfall is constant or unpredictable throughout the year , reproduction is year - round . in areas where there is a distinct dry season , reproduction only occurs during the rainy seasons . this is thought to be the result of lack of food for both adults and juveniles during dry seasons .
breeding interval breeding interval is based on location however females may lay up to 3 clutches per cycle in the cerrado of brazil .
there is little information on parental investment in this species . however , females invest heavily in supplying their eggs with nutrients before they are laid and males invest energy in mate guarding during mating .
in the wild . however , based on small sample sizes , individuals are known survive up to 4 . 6 years . the index of scientific binomials indicate their observed specimen lived up to 2 . 8 years in captivity .
giant ameivas are solitary and diurnal . not much is known about their behavior .
giant ameivas are not territorial . however , they do have a home range which overlaps with other individuals . data are not available for home range size of
is based on size and sex of the lizard . average male home range size was 376 . 8 square meters , and female home range was on average 173 . 7 square meters based on a data set from 13 males and females . home range size may be similar in
( lewis and saliva , 1987 ; simmons , et al . , 2005 )
play a role in establishing territory size . femoral glands also play a role in various sexual behaviors . these femoral glands produce semiochemicals which influence inter - and intra - specific communication . although these semiochemicals are not well understood in
, they affect defense of territory and self , predation , territorial markings , and parental care .
( imparato , et al . , 2007 ; imparato , et al . , 2007 )
giant ameivas are active foragers . their diet varies regionally and seasonally and consists mainly of insects . the most common animals found in their diet are grasshoppers , butterflies , beetles , roaches , larvae , spiders , and termites . they have also been known to eat other species of lizards . what they eat is proportional to their snout - vent length ; as they grow their prey becomes larger .
predators of giant ameivas consist of a wide variety of birds and snakes . unlike other species of lizards found throughout south america , they do not sit and wait for their prey . their main method of avoiding predation is escape and their body shape is designed for rapid speed , allowing them to avoid predators in the open areas where they forage . common predators of
( colli , 1991 ; maffei , et al . , 2009 ; shepard , 2007 )
. often these invasive parasites will damage organs such as the gall bladder , liver , kidneys , lungs , and spleen . parasites also have been found in saliva and feces of this lizard . many of the parasites found in the feces originate in the gut . additionally , parasites invade epithelial cells .
( kaplan , 1995 ; lainson and paperna , 1999 ; lainson , et al . , 2003 )
although these species can carry disease and can be aggressive , people keep them as pets . furthermore , giant ameivas tend to prefer cleared environments such as crop fields . because their diet consists mainly of
( everard , et al . , 1979 ; kaplan , 1995 ; sartorius , et al . , 1999 )
, including strains that can infect humans . in grenada , according to everard et al . ( 1979 ) , half of all specimens collected carried
( everard , et al . , 1979 ; kourany and telford , 1981 )
currently giant ameivas are not considered threatened . there are no efforts at this time to actively conserve this species .
ryan siders ( author ) , radford university , karen powers ( editor ) , radford university , tanya dewey ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor .
living in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .
living in the southern part of the new world . in other words , central and south america .
having markings , coloration , shapes , or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment ; being difficult to see or otherwise detect .
having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment ; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature .
referring to animal species that have been transported to and established populations in regions outside of their natural range , usually through human action .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
reproduction in which eggs are released by the female ; development of offspring occurs outside the mother ' s body .
the business of buying and selling animals for people to keep in their homes as pets .
rainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
a terrestrial biome . savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy . extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical africa and south america , and in australia .
a grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees , a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest . see also tropical savanna and grassland biome .
a terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5° n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .
2002 .
index of scientific binominals
( on - line ) . accessed april 09 , 2010 at urltoken .
occurrence overview
( on - line ) . global biodiversity information facility . accessed february 19 , 2010 at urltoken .
committee on standard english and scientific names . scientific and standard english names . society for the study of amphibians and reptiles . 2001 . accessed february 19 , 2010 at urltoken .
bowler , j . 1975 . longevity of reptiles and amphibians in n . american collections as of 1 november , 1975 . .
everard , c . , b . tota , d . bassett , c . ali . 1979 . salmonella in wildlife from trinidad and grenada , w . i . .
kaplan , m . 1995 .
ameivas
( on - line ) . accessed april 09 , 2010 at urltoken .
kourany , m . , s . telford . 1981 . lizards in the ecology of salmonellosis in panama .
magnusson , w . 1987 . reproductive cycles of teiid lizards in amazonian savanna .
magnusson , w . , l . junqueira de paiva , r . moreira da rocha , c . franke , l . kasper , a . lima . 1985 . the correlates of foraging mode in a community of brazilian lizards .
magnusson , w . , l . junqueira de paiva , r . moreira da rocha , c . franke , l . kasper , a . lima . 1985 . the correlates of foraging mode in a community of brazilian lizards .
sevenster , j . , j . ellers , g . driessen . 1998 . an evolutionary argument for limitation .
shepard , d . 2007 . habitat but not body shape affects predator attack frequency on lizard models in the brazilian cerrado .
simmons , p . , b . greene , k . williamson , r . powell , j . parmerlee . 2005 . ecological interactions within a lizard community on grenada .
tinkle , d . 1969 . the concept of reproduction effort and its relation to the evolution of life histories of lizards .
vitt , l . 1991 . an introduction to the ecology of cerrado lizards .


saphenista paraconsona is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found in minas gerais , brazil .

the wingspan is about 10 mm .

the ground colour of the forewings is glossy creamy with pinkish dots .

the base of the wing is suffused with pale brownish olive , the termen is more pinkish .

the hindwings are grey brown .

saphenista paraconsona

this is the place for paraconsona definition . you find here paraconsona meaning , synonyms of paraconsona and images for paraconsona copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word paraconsona . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word paraconsona and , of course , paraconsona synonyms and on the right images related to the word paraconsona .
paraconsona razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 296 tl : brazil , minas gerais , nova lima . holotype : vbc . female .
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burreus razowski , in heppner , 1995 ( saphenista ) , atlas neotropical lepid . checklist 2 : 140 . no type
milicha razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 211 tl : mexico , veracruz , banderilla . holotype : eme . female .
mira razowski , 1989 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 17 : 206 . tl : guatemala , volcn santa maria . holotype : usnm . female .
dexia razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 454 tl : costa rica , volcn turrialba . holotype : mnrj . female .
novaelimae razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 104 . tl : brazil , nova lima . holotype : vbc . male .
perlaria razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 442 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .
teopiscana razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 450 tl : mexico , chiapas , teopisca . holotype : mnrj . male .
alpha razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 101 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .
beta razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 102 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .
brunneomaculata razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 503 . tl : ecuador , province pichincha , pululahua , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . male .
carchiana razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 299 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .
chiriboga razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 502 . tl : ecuador , province pichincha , chiriboga , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . female .
chlorfascia razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 103 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .
contermina razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 298 tl : ecuador , tungurahua province , patate . holotype : vbc . male .
cryptogramma razowski & becker , 1994 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 28 . tl : brazil , par , belm . holotype : mnrj . female .
fluida razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 402 tl : mexico , veracruz , fortn de las flores . holotype : eme . female .
lineata razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 300 tl : ecuador , azuay province , cajas . holotype : vbc . male .
livida razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 402 tl : mexico , durango , 11 mi e revolcaderos . holotype : eme . male .
merana razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 299 tl : ecuador , pastaza province , mera . holotype : vbc . male .
nauphraga razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 422 tl : brazil , santa catarina , brusque . holotype : mnrj . male .
nongrata razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 397 tl : mexico , veracruz , fortn de las flores . holotype : eme . female .
nuda razowski & becker , 1999 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 42 : 323 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : mrsn . male .
ochraurea razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 296 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : vbc . female .
pululahuana razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 503 . tl : ecuador , province pichincha , chiriboga , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . male .
rufozodion razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 297 tl : ecuador , carchi province , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .
scalena razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 103 . tl : ecuador , carchi , maldonado . holotype : vbc . male .
subsphragidias razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 298 tl : ecuador , tunggurahua province , patate . holotype : vbc . female .
turguinoa razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 69 . tl : cuba , santiago , turguino . holotype : vbc . male .
absidata razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 216 tl : mexico , sinaloa , 8 mi w el palmito . holotype : eme . female .
ceteora razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 297 tl : brazil , minas gerais , nova lima . holotype : vbc . female .
cnemiodota razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 214 tl : mexico , mexico , 10 air km se amecameca . holotype : eme . female .
cyphoma razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 220 tl : mexico , mexico , 10 air km se amecameca . holotype : eme . female .
delapsa razowski , 1990 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 18 : 340 . tl : mexico , guerrero , 16 km nw iguala . holotype : eme . female .
embolina razowski , 1984 ( saphenista ) , ann . zool . 38 : 277 . tl : venezuela , merida , 4 km s santo domingo . holotype : usnm . female .
gilva razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 453 tl : costa rica , cartago province , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .
glorianda razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 401 tl : mexico , nuevo leon , 4 mi w iturbide . holotype : eme . male .
illimis razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 400 tl : mexico , sinaloa , 8 mi w el palmito . holotype : eme . male .
imaginaria razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 452 tl : costa rica , cartago province , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .
mediocris razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 398 tl : mexico , nuevo leon , 4 mi w iturbide . holotype : eme . female .
ochrapex razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 443 . tl : ecuador , napo prov . , baeza . holotype : vbc . female .
parabeta razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 441 . tl : ecuador , loja prov . , loja . holotype : vbc . male .
ryrsiloba razowski , 1990 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 18 : 339 . tl : mexico , mexico , chilpango de los bravos . holotype : eme . female .
saragurae razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 8 . tl : ecuador , province loja , saraguro . holotype : mzuj . female .
solisae razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 50b : 104 . tl : mexico , tamaulipas , gomez farias . holotype : vbc . male .
subperlaria razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 443 . tl : ecuador , loja prov . , loja . holotype : vbc . male .
temperata razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 399 tl : mexico , tamaulipas , 12 mi sw ciudad victoria . holotype : eme . female .
tufinoa razowski , 1999 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 42 : 323 tl : ecuador , carchi province , 35 km w tufino . holotype : cmnh . male .
amusa razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 170 tl : peru , dept . puno , 5 km w limbani . holotype : zmuc . female .
chasia razowski & becker , 2010 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo entomol . 79 : 444 . tl : brazil , rio de janeiro , nova friburgo . holotype : vbc . female .
consona razowski & becker , 1983 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 26 : 423 tl : brazil , paran , banhado , quatro barras . holotype : mnrj . male .
endomycha razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 96 . tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , monteverde . holotype : eme . female .
euprepia razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 171 tl : peru , dept . cajamarca , 10 km w huambos . holotype : zmuc . male .
juvenca razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 455 tl : costa rica , cartago province , volcn turrialba . holotype : mnrj . female .
lathridia razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 457 tl : costa rica , cartago province , volcn turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .
orescia razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 456 tl : mexico , distrito federal , parque nacional zoquiapan . holotype : mnrj . female .
pyrczi razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 123 . tl : ecuador , prov . napo , papallacta . holotype : mzuj . male .
rosariana razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 70 . tl : cuba , pinar rio , sierra rosario . holotype : vbc . male .
runtuna razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 124 . tl : ecuador , tungurahua , banos , runtun . holotype : mzuj . male .
sclerorhaphia razowski & becker , 1994 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 22 : 29 . tl : brazil , santa catarina , so joaquin . holotype : mnrj . female .
solda razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 212 tl : mexico , veracruz , 22 rd km w ciudad mendoza . holotype : eme . male .
splendida razowski & becker , 2002 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 45 : 297 tl : ecuador , morona - santiago province , indanza . holotype : vbc . female .
allasia razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 205 tl : ecuador , napo province , via santa barbara - la bonita . holotype : eme . female .
consectaria razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , polskie pismo ent . 62 : 118 . tl : mexico , sonora , cuchujaqui , 8 rd mi e alamos . holotype : lacm . male .
consulta razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 400 tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , 6 km s san vito . holotype : eme . male .
leuconigra razowski & wojtusiak , 2008 ( saphenista ) , genus 19 : 502 . tl : ecuador , province carchi , res . forest golondrinas , west cordillera . holotype : mzuj . male .
multistrigata walsingham , 1914 ( saphenista ) , biol . centr . - am . lepid . heterocera 4 : 296 . tl : mexico , veracruz , atoyac . holotype : bmnh . male .
oreada razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 456 tl : mexico , chiapas , san cristobal de las casas . holotype : mnrj . female .
praia razowski , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 399 tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , 6 km s san vito . holotype : eme . male .
ambidextria razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 222 tl : mexico , veracruz , caon las minas , 13 km ne perote . holotype : eme . female .
burrens razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 169 tl : peru , huanuco , 25 km ne huanuco , cordillera carpish pattytrail . holotype : zmuc . female .
constipata razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 216 tl : mexico , veracruz , caon las minas , 13 km ne perote . holotype : eme . female .
cubana razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 71 . tl : cuba , santiago , sierra maestra p . cuba . holotype : vbc . male .
incauta razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 456 tl : costa rica , cartago province , santa cruz , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . male .
onychina razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 452 tl : costa rica , cartago province , santa cruz , turrialba . holotype : mnrj . female .
rafaeliana razowski , 1989 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 17 : 206 . tl : colombia , cauca , paramo de parace , lake san rafael . holotype : usnm . male .
rawlinsiana razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 211 tl : ecuador , azuay province , azuay pass , 8 km ne giron . holotype : cmnh . male .
simillima razowski & becker , 2007 ( saphenista ) , shilap revta . lepid . 35 : 71 . tl : cuba , santiago , sierra maestra p . cuba . holotype : vbc . male .
cuscana razowski & wojtusiak , 2010 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 53b : 78 . tl : peru , prov . cusco , cordillera vilcanota , marcapata . holotype : mzuj . male .
eranna razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 453 tl : costa rica , san jos province , parque nacional braulio carrillo . holotype : mnrj . female .
erasmia razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 92 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , 7 km se caon . holotype : eme . male .
omoea razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 169 tl : peru , dept . puno , 15 km e ayaviri , laguna huascacocha . holotype : zmuc . male .
orichalcana razowski & becker , 1986 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 451 tl : costa rica , san jos province , parque nacional braulio carrillo . holotype : mnrj . male .
peruviana razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 170 tl : peru , dept . apurimac , 12 km n abancay , cerro turonmocco . holotype : zmuc . male .
epiera razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 96 . tl : costa rica , alajeula province , n slope volcn de rincon . holotype : eme . male .
phenax razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 198 tl : costa rica , san jos province , estacin carrillo , parque nacional braulio carrillo . holotype : eme . male .
semistrigata forbes , 1931 ( saphenista ) , j . dep . agric . p . r . 15 ( 4 ) : 355 . tl : puerto rico , luquillo mountains . holotype : cuic . female .
xysta razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 202 tl : costa rica , alajuela province , ro sarapiqui , 6 air km san miguel . holotype : eme . male .
campalita razowski , 1993 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 36 : 171 tl : peru , dept . lima , 10 km n oyn , quabrada quichas , pueblo quichas . holotype : zmuc . male .
discrepans razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 196 tl : costa rica , alajuela province , ne slope volcn pos , 8 km n vara blanca . holotype : eme . male .
rufoscripta razowski & wojtusiak , 2010 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 53b : 78 . tl : peru , dept . huanuco , via huanuco - tingo maria , carpish . holotype : mzuj . male .
chloromixta razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 93 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . female .
eneilema razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 90 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .
ephimera razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 88 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .
epipolea razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 92 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .
ereba razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 94 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .
gnathmocera razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 92 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .
melema razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 94 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . female .
storthingoloba razowski , 1992 ( saphenista ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 93 . tl : costa rica , cartago province , cerro de la muerte , pension la georgina . holotype : eme . male .
pascana razowski & wojtusiak , 2010 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 53b : 78 . tl : peru , dept . pasco , p . n . yanachaga chemillen , refugio el cedro . holotype : mzuj . male .
peraviae razowski , 1994 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 37 : 202 tl : dominican republic , dominican republic ( peravia , 3 km sw la nuez , tributary ro las cuevas ) . holotype : cmnh . female .
bimaculata nishida & adamski , 2004 ( saphenista ) , proc . ent . soc . wash . 106 : 136 . tl : costa rica , san jos province , cerro de la muerte , villa mills . holotype : inbio . male .
muerta nishida & adamski , 2004 ( saphenista ) , proc . ent . soc . wash . 106 : 135 . tl : costa rica , san jos province , cerro de la muerte , villa mills . holotype : inbio . male .
chanostium razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( saphenista ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 124 . tl : ecuador , prov . napo , morona - santiago , n . p . sangay , via guamote - macas . holotype : mzuj . female .
rivadeneirai razowski & pelz , 2001 ( saphenista ) , nachrbl . ent . ver . apollo ( n . f . ) 22 : 23 . tl : ecuador , morona - santiago province , macas , proao , alshi , 5 km sw alshi . holotype : vpc . male .
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aculeata razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 171 tl : ecuador , chimborazo province , huigra . holotype : bmnh . male .
aeraria razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 170 tl : peru , cuzco mountains . holotype : bmnh . male .
anaxia clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 32 . tl : guatemala , volcn santa mara . holotype : usnm . female .
cinigmula razowski & becker , 1986 ( lasiothyris ) , acta zool . cracov . 29 : 462 tl : mexico , veracruz , estacin biologica las tuxtlas . holotype : mnrj . female .
cordifera meyrick , 1932 ( phtheochroa ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 267 . tl : bolivia , ro songo . holotype : nhmv . unknown .
delicatulana zeller , 1877 ( conchylis ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 137 . tl : colombia , bogot . holotype : bmnh . male .
deliphrobursa razowski , 1992 ( phalonidia ) , misc . zool . 14 ( 1900 ) : 97 . tl : costa rica , puntarenas province , monteverde . holotype : eme . female .
domna clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 34 . tl : colombia , nario , volcn galeras . holotype : usnm . male .
frangula clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 30 . tl : venezuela , aragua , rancho grande . holotype : usnm . female .
lacteipalpis walsingham , 1891 ( conchylis ) , proc . zool . soc . london 1891 : 500 . tl : west indies , st . vincent ( westward side ) . holotype : bmnh . male .
lactaipalpis razowski , 1967 ( phalonidia ) , acta zool . cracov . 12 : 175 no type
lassa razowski , 1986 ( aethes ) , ann . zool . 40 : 390 . tl : mexico , sinaloa , 8 mi w el palmito . holotype : eme . female .
nephelodes clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 27 . tl : bolivia , cochabamba , incachaca , tropical cloud area . holotype : usnm . male .
nomonana kearfott , 1907 ( phalonia ) , can . ent . 39 : 84 . tl : usa , california , carmel . holotype : amnh . male .
voluntaria meyrick , 1912 ( phalonia ) , ent . mon . mag . 48 : 35 no type
parvimaculana walsingham , 1879 ( cochylis ) , illust . typical specimens lepid . heterocera colln . br . mus 4 : 30 . tl : usa , california , shasta co . , hatchet creek . holotype : bmnh . male .
penai clarke , 1968 ( amallectis ) , proc . u . s . natn . mus . 125 : 28 . tl : bolivia , cochabamba , incachaca , tropical cloud area . holotype : usnm . female .
praefasciata meyrick , 1932 ( phalonia ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 266 . tl : costa rica , irazu . holotype : nhmv . male .
pruinosana zeller , 1877 ( conchylis ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 129 . tl : colombia , bogot . syntypes : bmnh . male , female .
saxicolana walsingham , 1879 ( cochylis ) , illust . typical specimens lepid . heterocera colln . br . mus 4 : 29 . tl : usa , south oregon . lectotype : bmnh . male .
sphragidias meyrick , 1932 ( phalonia ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 265 . tl : bolivia , andes . holotype : nhmv . female .
substructa meyrick , 1927 ( phtheochroa ) , exotic microlepid . 3 : 367 . tl : colombia , mt . tolima . holotype : bmnh . female .
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* walsingham , 1914 , biol . centr . - am . lepid . heterocera 4 : 296 * brown , john w . , 2005 , world catalogue of insects 5 * razowski , józef & janusz wojtusiak , 2008 : tortricidae from the mountains of ecuador . part iii . western cordillera ( insecta : lepidoptera ) . genus 19 ( 3 ) : 497 - 575 . full article : [ 1 ] * razowski , józef & janusz wojtusiak , 2009 : tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from the mountains of ecuador and remarks on their geographical distribution . part iv . eastern cordillera . acta zoologica cracoviensia 51b ( 1 - 2 ) : 119 - 187 . doi : 10 . 3409 / azc . 52b _ 1 - 2 . 119 - 187 . full article : [ 2 ] .