betta simorum is a species of gourami endemic to indonesia .

this species grows to a length of 6.4 centimetres ( 2.5 in ) sl .

this species can also be found in the aquarium trade .

betta simorum

betta simorum should have soft acidic water that is well filtered . they should be kept at high 70s to low 80s f .
yes , they are wild bettas . the species name is betta simorum . i was also able to get my hands on a pair of wild betta coccina , but i do not have any pics of them yet .
take care not to overfeed as betta spp . seem particularly prone to obesity .
i found one of the simorum on the floor yesterday so i am down to 4 . i ' m pretty devastated . i don ' t have a cover for the
simorum : named for thomas g . k . sim and his wife farah , proprietors of sindo aquarium pte . ltd . ‘for being such excellent hosts during our stays in jambi’ .
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my theory is that wild bettas are a whole lot more likely to jump than splendens . i ' ve kept betta rutilans , betta patoti , and now betta simorum and betta coccina . i have never lost a single splendens to jumping . in contrast , i ' m pretty sure my rutilans male jumped ( i still have the female , but he just disappeared ) , my 5 patoti were all found dry on the floor the very next day after i got them , my remaining 4 simorum are doing well after the one jumped while the tank was covered , and my coccina won ' t get the chance because i covered the tank really well with some random lids and styro i had laying around ( a temporary solution until i make a cover for them too ) . the coccina tank was a lot easier to cover because there is not a
betta simorum can be housed in pairs , species tanks , and community tanks . pairs can be housed in a 20 gallon tank , groups should be housed in a 55 gallon tank or larger . pairs should be given cover such as caves and plants . in a pair or species situation it is possible that fry could be discovered in the tanks .
they are like the giants of the wild betta . good luck stone they are very interesting fish . please keep us updated they are beautiful .
notes : this species was described as b . simorum by heok hui tan and dr peter ngin 1996 . it is named after fish collector thomas sim , who along with his wife collected it in the wild using baited cages . closely related to betta bellica . there are a number of differences , but the more obvious ones are the sloping profile to the head and the elongated pelvic fins .
i never had a cover on my 29 gallon with my king betta so . . . that theory cant be very right . anyway awesome fish ! !
the fry are large enough to accept motile foods such as microworm and artemia nauplii immediately , though it should be noted that there exist reports of young betta developing health issues if fed excessive amounts of the latter .
the genus betta is the most speciose within the family osphronemidae with almost 70 recognised members and looks set to grow further with new ones continuing to be described on a regular basis since the turn of the century .
not for me lol . . . my betta splenden male jumped yesterday . . . thankfully i was in the room and saw when he jumped , so he was out of the water for maybe 15 seconds .
keep the tank well - covered and do not fill it to the top as like all betta spp . it requires occasional access to the layer of humid air that will form above the water surface , and is an excellent jumper .
schindler , i . and j . schmidt , 2006 - zeitschrift für fischkunde 8 ( 1 / 2 ) : 47 - 69 review of the mouthbrooding betta ( teleostei , osphronemidae ) from thailand , with descriptions of two new species .
30 cube that i have the fish in right now , so i am using a large rubbermaid lid that covers the entire tank except for a couple of teeny areas around the filter . the betta jumped out of one of those teeny areas .
i always think it ' s weird how this species and b . bellica bubblenest when all the other bigger species mouthbrood . i wonder how big the nest of a male b . simorum is ? just make sure you have every single inch of your tank covered . i used to use cling wrap and then glass over the top for my bigger wilds because they were strong enough to get through just the cling wrap .
tan , h . h . and p . k . l . ng , 2005 - raffles bulletin of zoology supplement ( 13 ) : 43 - 99 the fighting fishes ( teleostei : osphronemidae : genus betta ) of singapore , malaysia and brunei .
tan , h . h . and p . k . l . ng , 1996 - raffles bulletin of zoology 44 ( 1 ) : 143 - 155 redescription of betta bellica sauvage , 1884 ( teleostei : belontiidae ) , with description of a new allied species from sumatra .
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i came up with a theory when i had both male and female bettas . the males ( with long finnage ) will not jump out of the tank ( i ' ve had a betta in an open top tank before and it never jumped ) while females ( with short finnage ) will jump out of any tiny gap or hole they can squeeze through / find .
giants were developed out of thailand from larger then average splendens . . . not a wild betta as a lot of people seem to believe . i love wilds , and am jealous of you for getting these guys ! make sure to post pics of the tank ( since you and peachii ' s tanks always look so good ) , and of course the fish when they arrive .
i ' m sorry for your loss . i came up with a theory when i had both male and female bettas . the males ( with long finnage ) will not jump out of the tank ( i ' ve had a betta in an open top tank before and it never jumped ) while females ( with short finnage ) will jump out of any tiny gap or hole they can squeeze through / find . that theory proved correct , for me at least . lol
i will need to eventually only keep a pair when they get bigger , one male and one female , however , i suspect that i may have all males . the breeder sent me 4 juveniles in the hopes that i would get at least one male / female pair , but as of right now they all look male . if anyone can identify them for me , i would be grateful ! i will be selling the other betta when they get a bit older and easier to sex .
thanks all , yeah we are pretty excited about these guys the breeder is going to try to pick out 1 male 3 females for us , we have that 20l set up but yeah it just had plants and snails and not really fish ready , so over the next few days we will be busy getting it ready for them . we are getting these guys pretty cheap in my opinion less than we pay for most bettas we can buy locally but they shipping is actually more then they are , and the breeder says they are super easy to take care of and breed like crazy said his male was in a tank with 3 females and had 3 spawns all going at the same time lol . looks like i am going to learn how to be a betta daddy
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this species has been collected from various localities in the province of jambi , sumatra , the adjacent province of riau , and the kapuas river system in kalimantan barat ( west kalimantan ) province , borneo .
the type specimens were collected from ‘swamp in rantau panjang , jambi province , sumatra , indonesia’ , not to be confused with the town of the same name on the thai - malay border , whilst in riau the species appears restricted to the indragiri river basin .
populations from different localities are often labelled as such by collectors and enthusiasts in order to maintain accuracy and preserve pure bloodlines , e . g . , rantau panjang , pematang lumut ( both in jambi ) , sungai bengkwan ( riau ) , etc .
these ancient biotopes are usually found in areas of rainforest , the dense canopy of branches above meaning very little light penetrates the water surface with riparianvegetation tending to grow thickly .
the water is typically stained darkly with humic acids and other chemicals released by decaying organic material .
the dissolved mineral content is generally negligible and the ph can be as low as 3 . 0 or 4 . 0 .
the substrate is usually covered by fallen leaves , branches and submerged tree roots and at certain times of year the fish may be forced to survive within the moist leaf litter for several weeks as permanent water is not always available .
can be maintained in a fully - decorated aquarium although many breeders prefer not to use a substrate for ease of maintenance .
driftwood roots and branches can be used and placed such a way that a few shady spots are formed while clay plant pots or lengths of piping can also be included to provide further shelter .
the addition of dried leaf litter further emphasises the natural feel and as well as offering additional cover for the fish brings with it the growth of microbe colonies as decomposition occurs .
these can provide a valuable secondary food source for fry and the tannins and other chemicals released by the decaying leaves are also considered beneficial for fishes from blackwater environments .
there is no need to use natural peat , however , the collection of which is both unsustainable and environmentally - destructive .
like others in the genus this species seems to do best under fairly dim lighting .
you could add aquatic plant species that can survive under such conditions such as microsorum , taxiphyllum or cryptocoryne spp . , and a few patches of floating vegetation would be useful as well .
this species requires acidic conditions with negligible carbonate hardness and very low general hardness so a reverse osmosis unit or other method of obtaining soft water may need to be employed , and this can be further acidified using phosphoric acid or similar if necessary .
as it naturally inhabits sluggish waters filtration should not be too strong , with an air - powered sponge filter set to turn over gently adequate .
a study conducted in 1994 ( in which the species was considered to be b . bellica ) revealed a preference for odonate ( dragon and damselfly ) nymphs , although it probably predates on other small invertebrates as well .
like b . bellica it’s a prodigious jumper and has been observed to leap from the water to catch prey from overhanging leaves or branches .
in captivity it will normally accept dried foods once they’re recognised as edible , but should be offered small live or frozen foods such as daphnia , artemia or bloodworm regularly to ensure development of optimal colour and condition .
not recommended for the standard community set - up for reasons already touched upon .
it’s care requirements and disposition mean it is best kept alone or with very peaceful species since much bigger or more vigorous fishes are likely to intimidate it .
some small cyprinids are suitable and it could even be maintained alongside other anabantoids given sufficient space .
mixed reports exist as to whether it can be maintained in multiple pairs or harem - type groups comprising a single male alongside several females .
some report that although some chasing and squabbling over territory occurs actual physical damage is rare , while others recommend keeping it in single pairs having observed sustained aggression towards conspecifics from the dominant individuals in a group .
mature males are more intensely - coloured and develop slightly more extended fins than females .
bubble - nester . it’s particularly important to provide plenty of cover for the female , and empty camera film canisters or lengths of plastic tubing are often used to offer potential nesting sites .
the tank should have the tightest - fitting cover you can find ( some breeders use clingfilm instead , to ensure no gaps ) because the fry need access to a layer of warm , humid air without which development of the labyrinth organ can be impaired .
the male may construct the nest in a tube or canister , under a broad plant leaf or among fine - leaved surface vegetation , and will not usually tolerate the female in the vicinity until it’s complete .
just prior to spawning the body colour of the female pales and dark bars appear on the flanks , with the act itself normally occurring below the nest in an ’embrace’ typical of anabantoids , with the male wrapping himself around the female .
at the point of climax milt and 5 – 20 eggs are released which the female proceeds to catch between pelvic fins and body .
the male then transfers them to his nest while the female recovers any that fell .
this cycle is then repeated until the female is spent of eggs , a process that can take some time .
post - spawning the female is best removed as the male assumes sole responsibility for guarding and tending the nest , and may attack his former mate .
the eggs hatch in 24 - 48 hours , remaining in the nest for a further 3 - 4 days until the yolk sac is fully - absorbed , while the male continues to collect and return any that fall .
once the fry begin to swim freely the male can also be removed as he may begin to eat them .
offer small amounts of different foods 2 - 3 times per day for optimal growth rate , and don’t change too much water at once , with regular , small changes preferable to intermittent larger ones .
this species is included in the b . bellica group of closely - related species within the genus , an assemblage of which members share the following set of characters : long and slender body with dorsal and ventral margins almost parallel ; body depth 23 - 28 % sl ; 30 - 33 anal - fin rays ; 11 - 13 dorsal - fin rays ; 32 - 34 total vertebrae ; body dark brown in colour with iridescent green markings on each individual scale .
it can be distinguished from b . bellica , currently the only other member of the group , by the following characters : head slanted ; dorsal surface of head noticeably concave behind eye ; pelvic - fin tip extending to 14th anal - fin rays ; pelvic - fin length 31 . 3 - 48 . 3 % sl ; 33 . 5 - 35 lateral scales ( mode 34 ) ; adpressed pelvic - fin reaching beyond anal - fin origin ; distance between pelvic and anal - fin origins 8 . 5 - 13 . 1 % sl , mean 9 . 9 .
member species have successfully adapted to inhabit a variety of ecological niches from stagnant ditches to flowing hill streams including some extreme environments such as highly acidic peat swamp forests .
the referral of members to a number of groups containing closely - related species is now generally accepted but largely based on morphological / behavioural characters .
molecular phylogenetic work may therefore prove useful in more precisely determining relationships between these fishes .
a full list of the species groups as currently recognised can be found here .
like others in the suborder anabantoidei this species possesses an accessory breathing organ known as the labyrinth .
so - called due to its maze - like structure this organ allows the fish to breathe atmospheric air to a certain extent .
comprising paired suprabranchial organs formed via expansion of the epibranchial ( upper ) section of the first gill arch and housed in a chamber above the gills , it contains many highly - vascularised , folded flaps of skin which function as a large respiratory surface .
its structure varies in complexity between species , tending to be better - developed in those inhabiting harsher environments .
tan , h . h . and p . k . l . ng , 2005 - raffles bulletin of zoology supplement ( 13 ) : 115 - 138 the labyrinth fishes ( teleostei : anabantoidei , channoidei ) of sumatra , indonesia .
habitat : among leaf litter in the shallow peat swamps with a low ph of 3 . 0 - 4 . 0 .
aquarium : i kept four semi - adult fish in a 45x30x30cm / 18 \
x12 \
x12 \
planted tank . given their size , put pairs in a 60x30x30 / 24 \
x23 \
x12 \
tank if you are thinking of putting other fishes in with them .
diet : wild fish feed on dragonfly and damselfly larvae . aquarium fish take flakes , while glassworm , bloodworm and black mosquito larvae are good for conditioning .
breeding : the male builds a large bubblenest among floating plants and can be aggressive , so spawn in pairs only . he looks after the fry until they are free - swimming . just before , remove the nest to another tank . feed fry infusorians for a day or two , then brineshrimp .
under strong light , the fish look washed out and show their displeasure by displaying longitundinal stripes on the body ( a junior synonym for b . bellica once was b . fasciata . ) subdued lighting will bring out the colouration ot the full .
the body is basically light brown , but the scales are resplendent in both sexes showing iridescent green . if you keep them in a species - only tank , try shading one end from overhead lighting .
the tailfin , shaped like the ace of spades in mature males , can propel them into orbit , it seems ! keep a well - fitting lid on the tank .
availability : these fish were on sale at wholesale tropicals , london , and are only sporadically seen in the trade . the anabantoid association of great britain may be able to assist in sourcing fish .
© 1955 - 2016 bauer consumer media limited are authorised and regulated by the financial conduct authority ( firm reference no . 710067 ) media house , peterborough business park , peterborough , pe2 6ea .
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males are more intensely colored . males also have pointed dorsal , caudal and anal fins whereas females are rounder .
tan , h . h . and ng , p . k . l . 1996 . [ 104 ]
last modification submitted by gerald griffin 05 . 17 . 08 ( mm . dd . yy )
got a couple of decent pics tonight . . . these fish have only been here for a day so they are still quite shy . we were able to pick up a group of 5 . ; d
cross your fingers and wish me luck ! from the research i have done about them , it appears they are bubblenesters . as with a lot of wild bettas , pairs and groups can actually be housed together .
omg . . . i went out to the fishroom a little while ago and found another one on the floor ! it looked sorta dry , but i must have gotten there just in time to put it back into the tank . once it swam around enough to get the dog hair off of itself , i couldn ' t tell which one it was anymore . * phew ! * these crazy jumpin ' bettas are gonna give me a heart attack this week !
i spent the past 30 minutes or so making a homemade cover out of eggcrate . i cut out a piece off the back of the cover just large enough to go around the filter (
70 ) . i ' m satisfied with the fit of the cover but i ' m not sure if they might be able to jump out of the holes . . . so i ' m off to hobby lobby to buy some craft mesh so i can put that on top of the cover ! i am determined not to lose any more bettas ! ! !
i had a pk who was a jumper . . . . that ' s how he died . i can see how the short fins would not hinder their jumping abilities . hope you don ' t lose anymore ! they are so pretty !
we are getting 4 of these wild bettas , people who know me know how i love my giants / kings and these wilds get up to 5 inches , are bubble nesters and you can keep 1 male and several females together , we have a 20l we are going to turn into a blackwater tank with leaf little the whole 9 yards for these guys maybe even see if we can get them to breed .
they are beautiful stone , i love their spade tails too . so excited for you , best of luck and hope you get lots of babies in the future . cant wait to see pics of the tank when you get it all set up , sounds awesome : )
yeah we were warned that they are jumpers . . . . . . right now they are under an inch long so i will work out a top but we might make the tank ripvariumish and maybe only have it like 3 / 4 full
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physical appearance : green or brown with a blue variety that had an appearance amongst breeders but no longer exists . use a covered fish tank to prevent these fish from jumping out and provide privacy areas for the female such as vegetation .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .


acrobasis nuxvorella , the pecan nut casebearer , is a moth of the family pyralidae described by herbert h. neunzig in 1970 .

it is found in the united states in eastern new mexico , texas , oklahoma , louisiana , missouri , southern illinois , mississippi , alabama , florida , georgia , south carolina and north carolina .

the larva feed on carya illinoensis .

it is the most damaging insect pest of pecans in texas .

the larvae feed first on buds below the cluster , then attack the nuts .

they enter the nuts by cutting a circular hole in the base .

as they feed , they push frass out the hole where it accumulates .

a single larva may destroy the entire cluster , before pupating in one of the last nuts fed upon .

acrobasis nuxvorella

a new pheromone race of acrobasis nuxvorella ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi
relative abundance and flight phenology of two pheromone types of acrobasis nuxvorella ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) .
relative abundance and flight phenology of two pheromone types of acrobasis nuxvorella ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi
acrobasis nuxvorella neunzig , 1970 ; ann . ent . soc . amer . 63 : 1659 ; tl : rowland , north carolina
acrobasis amplexella ragonot , 1887 ; n . amer . phycitinae galleriidae : 3 ; tl : north carolina
acrobasis vaccinii riley , 1884 ; can . ent . 16 ( 12 ) : 237 ; tl : massachusetts
acrobasis rufizonella ragonot , 1887 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 1887 : 227 ; tl : wladiwostok
acrobasis atrisquamella ragonot , 1887 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 1887 : 228 ; tl : asia minor
acrobasis carpinivorella neunzig , 1970 ; ann . ent . soc . amer . 63 : 1662 ; tl : madison , connecticut
acrobasis elyi neunzig , 1970 ; ann . ent . soc . amer . 63 : 1661 ; tl : maxton , north carolina
acrobasis caryalbella ely , 1913 ; ins . insc . mens . 1 ( 5 ) : 52 ; tl : east river , connecticut
acrobasis comptoniella hulst , 1890 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 17 : 125 ; tl : long island , new york
acrobasis irrubriella ; [ nacl ] , # 5676 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 58 , pl . 6 , f . 9
acrobasis ostryella ely , 1913 ; ins . insc . mens . 1 ( 5 ) : 54 ; tl : east river , connecticut
acrobasis kearfottella dyar , 1905 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 7 ( 1 ) : 34 ; tl : cleveland , ohio
acrobasis betulivorella neunzig , 1975 ; proc . ent . soc . washington 77 ( 2 ) : 238 ; tl : elizabethtown , north carolina
acrobasis amplexella ; [ nacl ] , # 5654 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 23 , pl . 2 , f . 11 - 17
acrobasis elyi ; [ nacl ] , # 5666 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 34 , pl . 3 , f . 35 - 36
acrobasis stigmella ; [ nacl ] , # 5669 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 42 , pl . 4 , f . 12 - 16
acrobasis aurorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5670 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 43 , pl . 4 , f . 17 - 20
acrobasis exsulella ; [ nacl ] , # 5672 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 44 , pl . 4 , f . 21 - 29
acrobasis angusella ; [ nacl ] , # 5673 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 46 , pl . 4 , f . 35 - 37
acrobasis latifasciella ; [ nacl ] , # 5675 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 47 , pl . 4 , f . 38 - 39
acrobasis evanescentella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 44 ; tl : orlando , florida
acrobasis aurorella ely , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 12 ( 2 ) : 67 ; tl : waschington , d . c
acrobasis cunulae dyar & heinrich , 1929 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 31 ( 2 ) : 37 ; tl : mobile , alabama
acrobasis stigmella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 43 ; tl : east river , connecticut
acrobasis latifasciella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 45 ; tl : new brighton , pennsylvania
acrobasis palliolella ; [ nacl ] , # 5659 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : f . 13b , pl . 4 , f . 40 - 44
acrobasis cunulae ; [ nacl ] , # 5685 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 54 , 13e , pl . 5 , f . 29 - 30
acrobasis irrubriella ely , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 3 - 4 ) : 161 ; tl : east river , connecticut
acrobasis carpinivorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5665 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 61 , f . 14a , pl . 6 , f . 2023
acrobasis sylviella ely , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 3 - 4 ) : 161 ; tl : east river , connecticut
acrobasis coryliella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 47 ; tl : ( new york ? )
acrobasis vaccinii ; [ nacl ] , # 5653 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 21 , f . 5a , pl . 2 , f . 1 - 10
acrobasis minimella ; [ nacl ] , # 5657 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 4a , 7c - d , pl . 3 , f . 17 - 22
acrobasis caryalbella ; [ nacl ] , # 5660 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 50 , f . 13a , pl . 5 , f . 11 - 13
acrobasis cirroferella ; [ nacl ] , # 5684 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 56 , f . 14e , pl . 5 , f . 38 - 39
acrobasis betulivorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5689 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 60 , f . 13h , pl . 6 , f . 18 - 19
acrobasis ostryella ; [ nacl ] , # 5680 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 63 , f . 14g , pl . 6 , f . 31 - 35
acrobasis coryliella ; [ nacl ] , # 5682 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 65 , f . 14i , pl . 6 , f . 41 - 43
acrobasis comptella ; [ nacl ] , # 5656 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 29 , f . 5d , 8b , pl . 3 , f . 7 - 16
acrobasis comptoniella ; [ nacl ] , # 5691 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 56 , f . 6c , 14c , pl . 5 , f . 31 - 37
acrobasis betulella ; [ nacl ] , # 5688 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 59 , f . 3e , 14f , pl . 6 , f . 10 - 17
acrobasis blanchardorum neunzig , 1973 ; proc . ent . soc . washington 75 ( 2 ) : 165 ; tl : sierra diablo wildlife mgt . area , culberson co . , texas
acrobasis blanchardorum ; [ nacl ] , # 5694 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 8a , pl . 3 , f . 23 - 28 , pl . e , f . 2
acrobasis evanescentella ; [ nacl ] , # 5668 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 36 , pl . 3 , f . 40 - 41 , pl . 4 , f . 1
acrobasis juglandis ; [ nacl ] , # 5661 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 50 , f . 3a , 5e , 13d , pl . 5 , f . 1 - 10
acrobasis kearfottella ; [ nacl ] , # 5663 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 51 , 13c , pl . 5 , f . 14 - 19 , pl . e , f . 3
acrobasis sylviella ; [ nacl ] , # 5662 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 61 , f . 14d , pl . 6 , f . 24 - 27 , pl . e , f . 5
acrobasis caulivorella neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 41 , f . 11a - b , 12a , pl . 4 , f . 9 - 11 ; tl : dellwood , florida
acrobasis tricolorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5655 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 28 , 7a - b , pl . 2 , f . 34 - 45 , pl . 3 , f . 1 - 6
acrobasis juglanivorella neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 38 , f . 9a - b , 10b , pl . 4 , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : dane co . , wisconsin
acrobasis caryivorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5686 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 52 , f . 5f , 13f , pl . 5 , f . 20 - 28 , pl . b , f . 3 - 4
acrobasis texana neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 34 , f . 9c - d , 10a , pl . 3 , f . 37 - 39 ; tl : junction , kimble co . , texas
acrobasis demotella ; [ nacl ] , # 5674 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 5c , pl . 4 , f . 30 - 34 , pl . b , f . 1 - 2 , pl . e , f . 4
acrobasis rubrifasciella ; [ nacl ] , # 5690 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 57 , f . 3c , 5h , 14b , pl . 5 , f . 40 - 42 , pl . 6 , f . 1 - 8
acrobasis kylesi neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 62 , f . 11c - d , 12b , 13g , pl . 6 , f . 28 - 30 ; tl : saline , bienville parish , louisiana
two synthetic sex pheromones have been developed and are currently used to detect the flight of the pecan nut casebearer , acrobasis nuxvorella neunzig , the most damaging pest of pecan [ carya illinoinensis ( wangenh . ) k . koch ] . one pheromone ( referred to as standard ) is attractive to moths in the southern united states , but not in mexico . the other pheromone ( referred to as mexican ) is attractive to moths in the southern united states and in mexico . these two pheromones have been implemented by producers as an important tool in monitoring the activity of this pest and have allowed for more efficient pesticide use . in the future , these pheromones could be used as a means of population reduction through pheromone based control methods . trapping data taken over a 3 - yr period were used to determine if phenological differences exist between pheromone types of pecan nut casebearer . the relative abundance of each pheromone type at several locations in the united states also was evaluated . results of this study indicate that no phenological differences exist between the two pheromone types studied in the united states and that significantly more males are attracted to field - deployed pheromone traps baited with the standard pheromone than to traps baited with the mexican pheromone .
tinea obtusella hübner , 1796 ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 6 ] : ( ? )
from ( nova scotia - florida ) - to ( wiscon - texas ) , introduced ? ( washington ) . see [ maps ]
larva on vaccinium corymbosum , v . macrocarpon , v . vitis - idaea , v . stamineum , gaylussacia spp . [ mna15 . 2 ] , 23
nova scotia , prince edward i . , new brunswick , quebec , ontario , maine , new hampshire , massachusetts , connecticut , new york , pennsylvania , mountains ( virginia , north carolina ) , florida ? . see [ maps ]
larva on kalmia angustifolia , k . latifolia [ mna15 . 2 ] , 24
larva on malus pumila , cydonia oblonga , prunus spp . , cotoneaster , pyracantha , crataegus spp . , eriobotrya japonica [ mna15 . 2 ] , 27
s . canada , n . usa , rocky mountains - new mexico , arizona , california . see [ maps ]
larva on prunus spp . , malus pumila , prunus armeniaca , sorbus americana , rosa sp . , amelanchier sp . , heteromeles arbutifolia , ( buds and fruits ) [ mna15 . 2 ] : 28
california , oregon , washington , nevada , arizona , utah , new mexico , w . texas , w . oklahoma . see [ maps ]
larva on quercus dumosa , q . douglasii , q . garryana , quercus x _ turbinella _ ajoensis , chrysolepis sempervirens [ mna15 . 2 ] , 29
cape cod , massachusetts - florida - e . texas - arkansas , tennessee , missouri . see [ maps ]
larva on quercus spp . , quercus marilandica , q . velutina , q . rubra , q . falcata , q . laevis , q . alba [ mna15 . 2 ] , 31
w . texas , new mexico , arizona , colorado . see [ maps ]
se . ontario , michigan , illinois - south carolina , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . cordiformis , c . tomentosa , c . pallida , c . glabra , c . ovata , carya carolinae - septentrionalis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 34
larva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 34
larva on carya spp . , carya illinoensis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 37
e . new mexico , texas , oklahoma , louisiana , missouri , s . illinois , mississippi , alabama , florida , na . georgia , south carolina , north carolina . see [ maps ]
ontario , connecticut , new york , new jersey , district of columbia , michigan , illinois , missouri , tennessee , arkansas , north carolina , south carolina , na . georgia , florida , e . texas . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa , c . glabra , c . pallida , juglans regia ? [ mna15 . 2 ] , 43
massachusetts , connecticut , new york , new jersey , pennsylvania , district of columbia , west virginia , tennessee , north carolina , michigan , missouri . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa , c . illinoensis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 45
ontario , new hampshire , new york , pennsylvania , w . north carolina , michigan , illinois , missouri , arkansas , e . texas . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . glabra , carya ovalis , c . tomentosa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 46
larva on juglans nigra , carya spp . ? [ mna15 . 2 ] , 57
ontario , new york , connecticut , pennsylvania , tennessee , n . north carolina , michigan , illinois , wisconsin , missouri , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . ovata , carya carolinae - septentrionalis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 49
ontario , from ( vermont - florida ) - to ( north dakota - new mexico ) . see [ maps ]
phycita juglandis lebaron , 1872 ; 2 nd ann . rept . noxious insects state of illinois : 123 ; tl : ( illinois ? )
larva on carya illinoensis , juglans nigra , j . cinerea , juglans microcarpa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 50
massachusetts , connecticut , new york , michigan , w . virginia , missouri , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . ovata , c . tomentosa , c . glabra [ mna15 . 2 ] , 51
from ( quebec - florida ) - to ( illinois , missouri , arkansas , e . texas ) . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa , c . glabra , c . ovata , c . cordiformis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 52
se . ontario , massachusetts - florida - texas , missouri , new mexico . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , juglans spp . [ mna15 . 2 ] , 53
ontario , massachusetts , connecticut , new york , na . georgia , alabama , florida , mississippi , texas . see [ maps ]
nova scotia , new brunswick , quebec , ontario , maine , new hampshire , vermont , massachusetts , connecticut , new york , new yersey , michigan , wisconsin . see [ maps ]
larva on myrica asplenifolia , m . gale , m . pensylvanica [ mna15 . 2 ] , 56
nova scotia - manitoba , from ( maine - n . florida ) - to ( minnesota - e . texas ) . see [ maps ]
larva on alnus spp . , alnus serrulata , a . rugosa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 58
larva on betula , b . populifolia , b . papyrifera [ mna15 . 2 ] , 60
e . north carolina , se . mississippi , e . texas . see [ maps ]
ontario , new york , michigan , massachusetts , connecticut , north carolina , louisiana . see [ maps ]
larva on ostrya virginiana , less corylus spp . [ mna15 . 2 ] , 62
ontario , massachusetts , connecticut , north carolina , florida , missouri , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]
ontario , massachusetts , connecticut , n . north carolina , iowa , wisconsin , illinois , missouri . see [ maps ]
larva on corylus americana , c . cornuta [ mna15 . 2 ] , 64
massachusetts , connecticut , new york , north carolina , illinois , wisconsin . see [ maps ]
this information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
fourth annual report on the noxious , beneficial and other insects of the state of missouri , made to the state board of agriculture . . . 4th ann . rep . , missouri :
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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lures : usa ( p368 - us lure ) mexico ( p368 - mex lure ) pheromone lure for monitoring mexican & us strain .
excellent trap for many moths . waterproof carton material . comes with hang wire . available in singles , 5 pack or 10 pack .
excellent trap for many moths . waterproof carton material . comes with hang wire .
distributor for products for forest insect pests in canada and us ( except colorado ) .
distributor for agriculture ( us ) , home / garden ( us ) and forestry ( colorado ) products .
: this species occurs only on pecan . similar larvae on hickory and walnut belong to other , closely related , species .
: most of the damage is caused by first generation larvae feeding in the young nuts in late may and early june . due to the small size of the nuts , each larvae feeds in several nuts to complete its development . a larva often destroys an entire nut cluster . second generation larvae do similar damage but usually each larva only damages one nut . overwintered larvae cause a certain amount of damage by tunneling and killing new shoots early in the spring .
: the pecan nut casebearer overwinters as a small larva in a cocoon - like hibernaculum at the base of a pecan bud . these larvae emerge at budbreak , feed on the buds , and then bore into the tender shoots where they pupate . adults emerge in late may , mate , and lay eggs on the tips of the developing nuts . first generation larvae hatch and begin feeding in the nuts , usually entering through the stem end and completely hollowing out the nut . each larva moves from nut to nut in a cluster , spinning a silken web over the base of the nuts . larvae pupate in a damaged nut and new adults emerge about 10 days later . larvae of the second generation feed on maturing nuts from late july to late august . the larger size of the nuts enables a larva to develop in a single nut . adults emerging in september give rise to the small larvae which construct hibernacula and overwinter .
: the adult is a small , brownish gray moth about 1 / 3 inch long . it has a ridge or tuft of dark scales extending across the middle of each front wing . the eggs are flat , very small , and white when newly laid . they develop red lines after two or three days and turn entirely red before hatching . full grown larvae are about 1 / 2 inch long with olive green to dark green bodies and yellowish brown heads .
) is an insect pest of pecan nuts . it was first detected in new mexico in 1987 .
casebearer larvae tunnel into developing nuts , often destroying all of the nuts in a cluster . this is the most important pest of pecans in texas .
great lakes ipm , inc . 7563 n crystal rd vestaburg mi 48891 989 - 268 - 5693 989 - 268 - 5911 800 - 235 - 0285 fax : 989 - 268 - 5311 hours : monday - friday 7 : 00 am - 4 : 00 pm email : glipm @ urltoken
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scentry 4 - station kits contain all the materials required to maintain 4 - trap stations for a 12 - 18 week period under normal conditions and will monitor 40 acres or more . the 4 station kit contains 4 reusable ( plastic top ) wing traps , 8 extra replacement bottoms , and 12 pheromone lures . the 2 - station kit contains 2 traps , 4 extra trap bottoms , and 6 lures . the delta style kits contain 12 traps and 12 lures . we recommend using the large heliothis trap for all heliothis or helicoverpa species and european corn borers as no wing trap kits are available for these insects . this trap can be used on black cutworm as well . field life averages 4 - 6 weeks for most lures . all heliothis or helicoverpa spp . , and peach twig borer have a 2 week field life . the clearwing borer complex has an extended field life of 8 - 12 weeks .
when ordering a case of lures , please insert a - 12 after the item number .
3 station kits contain 3 complete traps , 3 extra liners , and 9 pheromone lures which will monitor a block up to 30 acres for the entire season . single station kits contain 1 complete trap , 1 extra liner , and 1 lure . when ordering a 25 / case of lures , please insert a - 25 after the item number .
* field life for standard pheromones is 4 - 6 weeks for most insects .
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neunzig , h . h . , 1986 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 15 . 2 , p . 37 ; pl . 4 . 2 - 6 . order
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harris mk 1 , fu aa , nunez h , aranda - herrera e , moreira ja , mcelfresh js , millar jg .
department of entomology , texas a & m university , college station , tx 77843 - 2475 , usa . mharris @ urltoken
research support , u . s . gov ' t , non - p . h . s .
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department of entomology , texas a & m university , 2475 tamu , college station , tx 77843 , usa .


erechthias lychnopa is a moth of the family tineidae .

it is known from new zealand .

the wingspan is about 15 mm .

the forewings are grey , irrorated ( speckled ) with blackish scales which are edged in whitish .

there is a white mark on the middle of the costal edge .

the median portion of the apical area is dark grey mixed with blackish and speckled with white .

above and below this are orange ochreous spots .

the hindwings are dark grey with an apical spot consisting of whitish speckling .

erechthias lychnopa

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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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zimmerman , e . c . 1978 ,
microlepidoptera
, insects of hawaii , vol . 9 , no . 2 vols , pp . i - xviii , 1 - 1903 , pls 1 - 8
bradley , j . d . 1956 ,
microlepidoptera from lord howe island and norfolk island
, bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) entomology , vol . 4 , pp . 145 - 164
meyrick , e . 1929 ,
the micro - lepidoptera of the
st . george
expedition
, transactions of the entomological society of london , vol . 76 , pp . 489 - 521
gozmàny , l . a . 1968 ,
some tineid moths of the ethiopian region in the collections of the british museum ( nat . hist . ) . 2
, acta zoologica hungarica , vol . 14 , pp . 301 - 334
meyrick , e . 1886 ,
descriptions of lepidoptera from the south pacific
, transactions of the entomological society of london , vol . 1886 , pp . 189 - 296
meyrick , e . 1880 ,
descriptions of australian micro - lepidoptera . iv . tineina
, proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , ser . 1 , vol . 5 , no . 2 , pp . 204 - 271
turner , a . j . 1933 ,
new australian lepidoptera
, transactions of the royal society of south australia , vol . 57 , pp . 159 - 182
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 5ce3445d - 7d3a - 48b7 - b844 - 0d63597d7da9
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 88366219 - 5c6b - 4095 - b986 - e529e2ac150f
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 54448637 - 7fce - 4845 - a491 - 2e68c93d517c
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 259814
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[ read before the wellington philosophical society , 10th september , 1925 ; received by editor , 11th september , 1925 ; issued separately , 19th february , 1927 . ]
the following material has been communicated by my esteemed correspondent , mr . g . v . hudson , and was captured by himself , except where otherwise specified .
♀ 22 mm . head , palpi , and thorax dark fuscous with a few whitish specks , collar mixed ochreous . forewings moderate , rather dilated , termen little oblique ; rather dark fuscous , a few scattered whitish and ochreous scales ; first and second lines hardly indicated by limiting shades of scattered white - scales , posterior edge of second line more distinctly white on costa ; orbicular small , round , blackish , claviform beneath it , more elongate and undefined , blackish , discal forming a small transverse light ochreous spot edged on each side with some blackish suffusion ; subterminal line hardly indicated by a few white scales : cilia grey - whitish , a grey subbasal shade . hindwings grey , somewhat darker posteriorly ; cilia whitish , a grey subbasal shade .
mount holdsworth , tararua range , about 4 , 000 feet , in january ; one specimen . very distinct , possibly allied to encapna .
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♂ 24 mm . head , palpi , and thorax brown mixed dark fuscous . forewings narrow at base , moderately dilated , termen rather oblique ; brown , suffusedly mixed blackish - fuscous , tending to form thick undefined streaks between veins ; first and second lines obscurely whitish , rather irregular , first rather curved , hardly oblique , edged with blackish shade posteriorly , second at 4 / 5 , nearly parallel to termen , but rather excurved on median third , edged with blackish shade anteriorly ; orbicular and claviform elongate , suffused , blackish , confluent with dark margin of first line , discal suffused x - shape , blackish ; subterminal line obscure , greyish , incurved in middle but not quite touching second line : cilia whitish - grey , a grey subbasal shade . hindwings pale brassy - greyish ; cilia whitish , a pale grey subbasal line .
mount holdsworth , in forest about 2 , 500 feet , in january ; one specimen . perhaps allied to axena .
♂ 18 mm . head ochreous - whitish . palpi grey , base white . thorax light fuscous . forewings elongate , not dilated , apex pointed ,
termen oblique ; light fuscous , a few scattered whitish scales ; discal spot cloudy , darker fuscous : cilia whitish - fuscous , base mixed grey . hindwings whitish - grey , greyer near termen ; cilia grey - whitish .
bold peak , l . wakatipu , in january ; one specimen . a peculiar form ; the male would probably have more ample forewings .
a ♀ of this species ( described from ♀ only ) from paekakariki is somewhat smaller than ♀ ( 15 mm . ) , and has grey hindwings , but otherwise does not differ particularly ; the costal fold of forewings extends to ⅓ .
a ♀ from botanical gardens , wellington , which i assign to this species , has the forewings , except extreme costal edge and cilia , wholly suffused light ferruginous , with distinct black discal dot . after seeing this i am satisfied that the specimen originally described as ♀ of epichorista siriana is a similar variety of leucaniana , and that the true ♀ of siriana resembles the ♂ .
mount arthur , 4 , 200 feet , in january ; two specimens ( ♂ miss stella hudson , ♀ taken by mr . hudson six years later at same place and season , both in fine condition ) . next latomana .
♂ 14 mm . head , palpi , thorax dark bronzy - brown . antennal ciliations three , whorled . forewings somewhat dilated , with slender costal fold on basal fifth , termen rather oblique ; ochreous , tinged or suffused purplish - grey except towards costa ; markings dark ferruginous - brown suffused dark fuscous on edges ; basal patch moderate , edge straight , almost direct ; central fascia moderate , somewhat narrower on dorsum , hardly oblique ; an almost direct fascia from costa at 2 / 3 , moderately broad on costa but finely attenuated on dorsal half , an -
terior margin somewhat excavated above middle and edged with a whitish mark ; posterior area beyond this wholly dark purplish - grey except a small ochreous costal spot beyond fascia , and an irregular ferruginous - ochreous subterminal streak : cilia ochreous , basal third and an apical spot dark grey . hindwings dark grey ; cilia light grey , basal third grey .
sinclair stream , wainui - o - mata , in december ; one specimen . quite peculiar .
♂ 21 mm . head white , a greyish bar on face , crown greyishtinged , collar ferruginous - grey . palpi whitish mixed grey and ferruginous . thorax white , a transverse median band and apex of crest deep ferruginous . forewings elongate - triangular , costa with moderate fold from base to ¼ , termen nearly straight , somewhat oblique ; whitish mixed light violet - grey , with some ferruginous strigulae ; a moderate basal patch , with subquadrate central prominence whence a strigula connects with a spot on dorsum before middle ; central fascia moderately broad , rather oblique ; costal patch represented by four dark violet - grey spots and an elongate - triangular violet - grey and ferruginous suffusion connecting them beneath ; an erect fasciate evenly broad and straight - edged streak from tornus nearly reaching this : cilia pale grey . hindwings grey , somewhat darker posteriorly ; cilia grey .
arthurs pass , about 4 , 000 feet , in january ( miss stella hudson ) ; one specimen ; stated to occur also on mount arthur . next sanguinea .
a fine example from wainui - o - mata shows a well - marked subdorsal tuft on forewings before middle , and thoracic crest ; i am not disposed , however , at present to separate it generically from borkhausenia , to some forms of which it is in all other respects closely related , but the structures should be noted .
head with appressed scales ; ocelli posterior ; tongue developed . antennae ¾ ( in ♂ probably with long ciliations ) , basal joint moderate , with narrow pecten . labial palpi moderate , curved , ascending , slender , second joint loosely scaled beneath , terminal joint shorter than second , pointed . maxillary palpi rudimentary . thorax with posterior crest . posterior tibiae rough - scaled above , with whorls of projecting scales on origin of spurs . forewings with large tufts of scales on surface ; 1b furcate , 2 from near angle , 7 absent , 11 from middle . hindwings under 1 , elongate - ovate , cilia 1 ; 3 and 4 connate , 5–7 somewhat approximated towards base .
a new form of unusual interest , allied to the remarkable australian genus petalanthes , of which it appears to be a development , differing in the absence of vein 7 , and reduction of terminal joint of palpi ; it belongs to the group of trachypepla . i infer , therefore , that it is to be included in that portion of the new zealand fauna which immigrated from queensland by way of new caledonia .
shedwood forest , tapawera , january ( miss stella hudson ) ; one specimen . this seemingly obscure but really beautiful little insect ( the smallest of the 154 new zealand oecophoridae ) is probably adapted by its complex marking and rough scaling for concealment on tree - trunks , and by its bright metallic and coppery ornamentation for flying in sunshine , both these habits being characteristic of the species of petalanthes also .
karori , wellington , february ; one specimen . this is in very good condition and shows no apparent raised scales , but seems to be truly allied to photinella , in which they are very slightly developed ; it is therefore probably assignable to trachypepla .
♂ 21 mm . head white , a dark fuscous bar on face . palpi white suffusedly mixed dark grey . thorax white , patagia suffused dark grey except tips . forewings moderate , posteriorly dilated , termen straight , rather oblique ; white , irregularly sprinkled grey , unevenly strewn with blackish or dark brown dots , tending to form longitudinal or transverse series ; some ferruginous suffusion towards base of costa ;
a small dark fuscous spot on costa at ⅓ , whence a fine rather curved dark fuscous stria runs to dorsum , adjoining this posteriorly a suffused feruginous spot in disc and some grey marbling towards dorsum ; a transverse brown - whitish mark on end of cell edged anteriorly with a few black scales , and posteriorly with dark grey suffusion , beyond this a transverse fascia , of grey marbling obscurely interrupted below middle , becoming darker and broader towards costa , on which it forms three or four small spots ; some slight brownish suffusion near termen ; a terminal series of blackish marks ; cilia grey - whitish , base barred white , a dark grey subbasal and pale grey postmedian line . hindwings whitish - grey ; a light grey spot on end of cell ; cilia whitish , basal half faintly barred greyish .
mount arthur , 4 , 000 feet , in january ( selwyn woodward ) ; one specimen . this , the third species of the endemic genus proteodes , is very distinct and interesting .
♀ 16 mm . head whitish with a few blackish scales . palpi whitish sprinkled blackish , terminal joint with broad blackish band . thorax pale pink mixed dark grey . forewings somewhat dilated , apex obtuse - pointed , termen faintly sinuate , oblique ; light rose - pink suffusedly mixed dark grey ; a small black spot on base of costa , and one just beyond and beneath it ; stigmata forming small black spots , plical obliquely beyond first discal and rather smaller , each of these followed by a white dot , second discal subquadrate ; the pink groundcolour forms small distinct spots on costa at middle and ¾ between patches of dark suffusion : cilia grey mixed pinky - whitish , base rose - pink . hindwings grey finely irrorated blackish - grey ; cilia grey , basal third blackish - grey .
mount arthur , about 3 , 500 feet , in january ( selwyn woodward ) ; one specimen .
head smooth ; ocelli posterior , tongue developed . antennae ( partly broken ) , basal joint elongate , rather dilated towards apex , without pecten ( ? ) . labial palpi , very long , recurved , slender , smooth , terminal joint as long as second , acute . maxillary palpi obsolete . posterior tibiae clothed with hairs above . forewings with 1b simple , 2 from angle , 2–4 parallel , 5 absent , 6 and 7 out of 8 , 7 to costa , 11 from middle . hindwings 3 / 5 , lanceolate , cilia 3 ; 2–4 parallel , 5 absent , 6 and 7 stalked .
♀ 14 mm . head , thorax ochreous - whitish ( rubbed ) . palpi whitish . forewings lanceolate , apex acutely produced , caudulate ; ochreous - whitish ; a fine dark grey line from disc at 4 / 5 to apex , terminating in a black apical dot : cilia ochreous - whitish , round apex short segments of blackish subbasal and grey postmedian lines . hind - wings pale grey ; cilia whitish .
arthur ' s pass , 4 , 000 feet , in february ; one specimen .
♀ 16 mm . head and palpi fuscous . thorax rather darker bronzy - fuscous . abdomen dark fuscous , ventral surface pale yellow . forewings suboblong , termen hardly oblique ; fuscous , with numerous irregular transverse cloudy dark purplish - fuscous striae ; second discal stigma forming a small transverse dark fuscous spot ; two slight whitish marks on dorsum about middle : cilia fuscous . hindwings blackish - grey ; cilia grey , basal third dark fuscous .
mount arthur , 4 , 000 feet , in january , one specimen . not in good condition , but quite a peculiar species .
karaka grove , near sinclair head , wellington , in november ; one specimen . near externella , but apparently quite distinct .
page 219 and 220 : gen . nov . 3 et n . sp . nzac e ip gen
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click here urltoken pdf free download the case of the speluncean explorers : nine new opinions for ipad this volume revisits and updates lon fuller s classic article , first published in 1949 . the story describes the fate of explorers who become trapped in a cave and are forced to cannibalize one of their team . the subsequent trial of the defendants upon rescue is used to introduce students to the key theories of law , such as utilitarianism and naturalism , as five supreme court judges offer differing opinions on what should be done with the defendants .
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not bourbon ( foaled in ontario in 2005 ) is a canadian thoroughbred race horse .

he is owned and bred by charles e. fipke and ridden by jono jones .

at age two , not bourbon set a new woodbine track record in winning the bull page stakes .

racing at age three , he won the queenston stakes then upset heavily favored harlem rocker in the plate trial stakes .

on june 22 , 2008 , not bourbon captured the $ 1 million grade i queen 's plate , edging out the hard-charging filly ginger brew .

for trainer roger attfield , it was his record-tying eighth win in the canadian classic .

in the july 13th prince of wales stakes , the second leg of the canadian triple crown series , not bourbon finished sixth after flipping his palate during the race .

as a result , the colt had to undergo throat surgery .

for his 2008 performances , not bourbon was voted the sovereign award for champion 3-year-old male horse .

charles e. fipke , the colt 's breeder , is also the owner of tale of the ekati , who finished 4th after a good trip in the 2008 kentucky derby .

stud career not bourbon has stood for stud in both 2011 and 2012 at norse ridge farm in king city , ontario canada .

not bourbon

you’ve probably heard it before : all bourbon is whiskey , but not all whiskey is bourbon . if you’re a whiskey ( and especially bourbon ) drinker , you need to know what that means .
drink bourbon however they please . most bourbon distillers and experts also agree that bourbon makes a killer base spirit for all kinds of cocktails . so instead of making someone feel bad about the drinks they like , enjoy your neat glass of bourbon—quietly .
bourbon can be a contentious issue for drinkers . there are all kinds of “
“bourbon needs to be produced in america and made from 51 percent corn , and whiskey does not , ” says maker’s mark master distiller greg davis . bourbon also needs to be stored in new charred - oak barrels , whereas whiskey barrels do need to be oak but not new or charred . “lastly , to be called bourbon , the liquid needs to be distilled to no more than 160 proof and entered into the barrel at 125 . ” for other whiskies the liquid must be distilled to no more than 190 proof . david notes that this isn’t just common practice — “it’s actual bourbon law . ”
it is not common to age american whiskeys in used barrels , ” scheurich explains . “most distillers follow the current trend of making bourbon , rye and wheat whiskeys which require aging in new charred ( white ) oak barrels . boondocks is aged in used bourbon barrels which is unique in today ' s american whiskeys . ”
perhaps the most important rule of all , thou shalt not judge another’s bourbon technique . it can be tempting to preach to someone about how that bourbon , aged for 10 years and christened with the teardrops of angels , shouldn’t be tainted by apple juice or coke—or with anything , for that matter . but the reality is that people
scheurich has achieved this impressive smoothness by departing from standard bourbon practices in a couple of ways , and these are why it sits in the broader american whiskey category , not bourbon . it’s true it’s about 80 % corn , way above the 51 % minimum , and this is in part what accounts for its easy - drinking smoothness , but there are a couple of additional twists that set it outside the reservation .
not bourbon is the sire of 4 dams of 0 named foals of racing age , 0 rnrs ( 0 % ) , 0 wnrs ( 0 % ) , 0 2yo wnrs ( 0 % ) , 0 . 00 aei , 1 . 14 ci ; 0 sw , leading earner : ( $ ) .
want to take it a step further ? work bourbon into your desserts too . think holiday treats like a boozy , chocolatey
this is unusual stuff and explains much . bourbon has , by law , to be matured in new oak casks , so every year thousands of used , empty , ex - bourbon casks are shipped off to scotland where the distillers are more than happy to fill them with new - made scotch so it can absorb the unique characteristics of the bourbon - treated oak .
many bourbon purists—the most vocal ones , anyway—would have you believe that the sweet , slightly smoky elixir is only good for drinking neat . how dare you even add ice ! and though this is , indeed , a foolproof way to enjoy bourbon , it’s not the only one . don’t be afraid to add ice or a little bit of water to open the full potential of your beloved whiskey . mixers are also encouraged . there are hundreds of
not bourbon ( can ) ch . c , 2005 { 1 - k } dp = 4 - 3 - 11 - 4 - 0 ( 22 ) di = 1 . 32 cd = 0 . 32 - 15 starts , 7 wins , 2 places , 1 shows career earnings : $ 1 , 141 , 651
so , a new brand hoping to make headway among this flock of rival upstarts must be not only a good whiskey but have a stand - out name and image to go along with the liquid .
instead of trying to figure out the sometimes intimidating world of bourbon on your own , these are the simple rules you need to know .
bourbon is an iconic american spirit , but it wasn’t always thought of so highly . in the early to mid - 1900’s , bourbon was considered a “commodity” spirit . it was cheap , bitter , and very bad . “it’s truly remarkable to see what this industry has become , ” says davis . “what most folks don’t know is that while yes , bill samuels , sr . , created the recipe that changed the bourbon landscape forever , but it was his wife marge samuels who ideated the signature red wax seal , the label , and pretty much the entire look of maker’s mark distillery . ” this september , marge is being inducted into the bourbon hall of fame for her contribution to the bourbon arena .
. but , generally speaking , there’s no need to break the bank when looking for a drinkable bourbon . it’s even possible to find a really great bottle for
what better name for a bourbon than boondocks ? there are a lot of new boutique american whiskies , bourbons , and not - so - bourbons , popping up these days as the category continues its ascent – begun by bill samuels jr . with maker’s mark – to first respectability , by shedding its moonshine , sin - and - redemption reputation as cheap hooch , and now to the heights of hipster chic .
scheurich explains :
boondocks american whiskey varies from bourbon whiskey in two important ways : 1 ) it is distilled at a proof higher than 160 proof which makes the distillate cleaner and with more distinct flavor characteristics , and , 2 ) it is aged in used charred white oak bourbon barrels which maintains its complexity , makes the flavor profile softer , and the color a lighter amber . ”
bourbon regulations are strict because in the 1800’s distillers spent a lot of time adulterating , diluting , and tampering with their whiskies . “finally , they set some standards with the bottle in bond act of 1897 , ” says davis . essentially , the act requires the spirit to be the product of one distillation season and one distiller at one distillery . “it must be bottled and stored in bonded warehouses under the u . s . government supervision for no less than 4 years . the act has made the u . s . the guarantor of the whiskey’s authenticity and therefore bourbon’s . ”
by definition , whiskey ( or whisky , in scotland ) is a spirit distilled from fermented grain mash — grain varieties include wheat , rye , barley , and corn — and then aged in wooden barrels . whiskey is made all over the world and there are many popular styles including scotch whisky , irish whiskey , and american whiskey . the most popular form of american whiskey is bourbon , which has its own specific definition .
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urltoken
classic - winning champion three - year - old won queen ' s plate in 2 : 03 . 59 ntr sw - 6f in 1 : 08 . 84
up to 10 runners are listed for each sire . runners represent the stallion’s top performers for the year and are displayed according to a hierarchy that gives first preference to the date , graded stakes , stakes , and then non - stakes races . these are sorted by best performance . older results will remain listed if no new performances occur to replace them . at the beginning of a new year , this section will display the top performers for the previous year through march 31 but a preference is given to current year runners . each horse listed is linked to additional information including pedigree , sale history , race chart ( with video and recap when available ) . race data include distance in furlongs ; final time of race ; and track code . information is updated daily and reflects official results as recorded by the jockey club information services .
up to 10 runners are listed in each category : lifetime earnings , current year earnings , and class performance index ( cpi ) . lifetime earnings and current year earnings include northern hemisphere winnings . cpi is the average earnings per start for an individual runner divided by the average earnings per start for all horses of the same crop and gender that raced in the same country for a given year .
all winning or stakes - placed progeny are listed for north american performances within the previous seven days . winners are updated on the list only when the information on new winners is available . juvenile runners are included in a separate list . for each runner is listed his or her name , age and sex , and broodmare sire . race data include the race name ( when applicable ) , track , official finish position , distance , and race date . if video of the race is available , a camera icon and “replay” are linked to a video player . equibase charts for all races are also linked .
this section lists the progeny entered in an upcoming race in north america ( u . s . , canada , and puerto rico ) for the subject stallion . weekly entries are published as soon as they are available through equibase and are only for races that meet the following purse thresholds : all stakes $ 50 , 000 and up ; allowance races for $ 30 , 000 and up ; claiming and optional claiming for $ 50 , 000 and up ; maiden special weights for $ 20 , 000 and up ; and , maiden claiming races worth $ 20 , 000 or more . for each runner is listed its post position , name , age and sex , and name of the dam . race data includes the race type or name ( applicable to stakes ) , race date , race number , track , purse , distance , assigned weight , jockey , trainer , breeder and owner .
stallions whose progeny performance statistics make them the top 100 sires nationally or among the top 25 leadings sires in a given state are listed with runners , winners , stakes winners , stakes wins , graded stakes winners , grade i stakes winners , chief earner , and aggregate earnings identified for the current year . the same data for the previous year is also presented if the sire met the ranking thresholds . all data except stakes and graded stakes represents northern hemisphere data ; stakes information is worldwide .
summary sales results include the subject stallion ' s progeny and covered mares for the current year to date and the past year ; data include results of all significant sales in the northern hemisphere . information is updated daily and reflects official results as recorded by the jockey club information services ; records of sales outside of north america may be delayed and will appear only when recorded officially . below the summary results are links to worldwide hip - by - hip results for the major sales during the current year and two previous years . an online database with access to more detailed searches is available at urltoken . recent results displays hip - by - hip sales results for the subject stallion ' s progeny and covered mares from the past two months ; data include results of all sales in northern hemisphere . information is updated daily and reflects official results as recorded by the jockey club information services ; records of sales outside of north america may be delayed .
sales results include the subject stallion ' s progeny and covered mares for the current year to date and the past year ; data include results of all sales in northern hemisphere . information is updated daily and reflects official results as recorded by the jockey club information services ; records of sales outside of north america may be delayed and will appear only when recorded officially .
north american auction listings are included for the progeny and covered mares of all featured stallions . expand each sale by clicking the + symbol to the left of the sale name . entries include hip number , name ( when applicable ) , sex , year of birth , type [ a = stallion ; b = broodmare ; c = stallion season ; d = broodmare prospect ; e = racing or broodmare prospect ; f = racing or stallion prospect ; g = stallion prospect ; h = horse ; i = racing prospect ; s = stallion share ; w = weanling ; y = yearling ; 2 ( or other numeral ) = age of hip ] , sire , dam , broodmare sire , and consignor . cover sire information is available for broodmares that have been bred by hovering the cursor over the “b” designation .
a brief pedigree is accompanied by a notation of inbreeding within five generations . below the sire’s name are two links—“download stallion register pages” goes to the stallion’s current stallion register print pages in pdf ( if made available by the subscribing farm ) and the urltoken “reports” link goes to a list of reports available from the jockey club’s urltoken service .
5s x 4d crimson satan ; 3s x 5d northern dancer ; 5s x 5d raise a native ; 3s x 5d secretariat .
stuck in traffic , lady ' s first cat , sand cove , wilberforce , dumont , drunken love , house mouse ) .
luvyoutothemoon , lady ' s first cat , valid venture , askiri , sir rupe ' s , point advanced , apalachee storm , larry ' s dream , rip ' em up , d ' wild affair , paynes gold ) .
giant gambit , five and off , deputiformer , druids mound , doneraile gem , sergeant matt , handsome ned ) .
ginger brew , solitaire , deputiformer , palmers , east end tap , mamma ' s knight , took the time , jungle brew , sebastian ' s song , shadowless , silver jag , d . flutie , dylan ' s choice ) .
solitaire , sebastian ' s song , harlem rocker , east end tap , chasin the tornado , pewter ) .
yummy with butter , grazettes landing , archers alyancer , dancer ' s bajan ) .
sun hawk , blizzard buddy ben , promising attorney , five and off ) .
paso doble , drunken love , dancer ' s bajan , costalivin , me the sea and g t ) .
information provided for stallions with producing daughters includes the number of producers and number of foals , runners , winners , juvenile winners , and stakes winners . broodmare sire average earnings index ( aei ) is a ratio of the progeny average earnings of the stallion’s producing daughters with the total average of all broodmare sires’ progeny , during the same year and within the same country .
nancy wheatley ( 1 - 866 - 425 - 7469 ) or john burness ( 905 ) 640 - 8051 cell ( 416 ) 984 - 5200 , colebrook farms , 6270 concession 5 , uxbridge , on l9p 1r1 , canada . fax ( 905 ) 640 - 2137 .
owner : c . f . farms breeder : charles e . fipke state bred : on winnings : 15 starts : 7 - 2 - 1 , $ 1 , 141 , 651 at 2 : won bull page s . ( s , wo , 6f ) ; 3rd vandal s . ( r , wo , 6f ) at 3 : won queen ' s plate s . ( r , wo , 10f ) , plate trial s . ( g3 , wo , 9f ) , queenston s . ( s , wo , 7f ) , overskate s . ( wo , 7f ) ; 2nd achievement h . ( s , wo , 6f ) foaled march 21 , 2005 . champion 3 - year - old in canada . entered stud in 2011 at norse ridge farms , ontario ; in 2014 standing at colebrook farms , ontario ( c $ 5 , 000 ) . ( close )
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okay , there are exceptions to this rule . for example , every whiskey lover would be thrilled to get his or her hands on a bottle of
winx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .
t . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .
must be distilled to no more than 160 proof and entered into the barrel at 125 proof .
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the category ' s even caught on in london’s cutting - edge neighborhoods like brixton , hackney and shoreditch , but more on this in another column .
it’s 11 years old , and the result of a partnership between 40 - year industry veteran dave scheurich and royal wine corporation .
now , 11 years is a long time for an american whisky to mature , far longer than the same number of years for a scotch , and it can achieve a pretty awesome level of wonderfulness in that time .
scheurich’s aim for boondocks was to create
a smooth whiskey with complex , savory flavors yet remain non - aggressive on the palate , a whiskey that delivered an ultra - smooth finish - - something easy to enjoy .
i normally regard such self - serving praise by a winemaker or whiskey distiller of his own product with a large dose of , usually justified , skepticism .
there’s a nose brimming with pears and red fruit flavors all smothered in a blanket of bananas - and - cream , sweet vanilla and even butter pecan ice cream . on the tongue it’s wonderfully drinker - friendly , even by today’s high - gloss standards , with just the faintest suggestion of tarry spice on the mellow but surprisingly persistent finish .