the sable ( martes zibellina ) is a marten species , a small carnivorous mammal inhabiting forest environments , primarily in russia from the ural mountains throughout siberia , northern mongolia .

its habitat also leans the borders of eastern kazakhstan , china , north and south korea and hokkaidō in japan .

its range in the wild originally extended through european russia to poland and scandinavia .

it has historically been hunted for its highly valued dark brown or black fur , which remains a luxury good to this day .

while hunting of wild animals is still common in russia , most fur in the market is now commercially farmed .

sable

the term sable also has become a generic description for some dark - furred animal breeds , such as sable cats or rabbits .
middle english : from old french ( as a heraldic term ) , generally taken to be identical with sable , although sable fur is dark brown .
sierra club and anglers of au sable win nine - year battle to protect the mason tract of the au sable river from oil and gas drilling threat .
a sable cloud floated in the sky , and at its back . . .
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a british collectors ' name of certain pyralid moths . botys nigrata is the wavy - barred sable , and b , lingulata is the silver - barred sable .
as a token that thou wilt forget it , accept this cloak of sable .
sable as the black clouds , thy face is beautiful as that of sankarshana .
sable dens are usually found on the ground under rocks , logs and roots .
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dense wooded savanna and tall grass , are the ideal sable ' s habitat .
‘the family arms were ; ‘argent , a fess between six crosslets fitchee sable . ’’
‘if you have brown eyes , stick with taupe , sable and mocha hues . ’
‘lions are about the only predators strong enough to bring down a healthy sable . ’
( fur of ) a small carnivore . xv — of . sable sable fur — medl . sabelum ; ult . of balto - sl . orig . ( cf .
he seemed to hear the sable angel ' s wing - beats over the house .
hunting both during the day and at night , the sable feeds mainly on rodents .
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‘adele stopped reading and met dana ' s sable eyes with her own lavender ones . ’
‘although her intended audience is not black , she still refers to ‘our sable race . ’’
‘the peculiar thing was that sable curtains blocked the inside of the store from view . ’
‘i also noticed she had tattooed - on eyebrows in a lovely shade of sable . ’
all this flashed into his sight , etched against the sable night as if in flame .
a fine paint - brush or pencil made of hair from the tail of the sable .
at the same time i had a present from his daughter of a handsome sable muff .
see special : whatlinkshere / etymology : sable for a list of articles using this term .
sable litters can contain up to five young which are weaned at around seven weeks old .
on this page you can find the nickname generator and random username picker based on the name sable . it can help you create a login for a website account or a nickname for sable with a few mouse clicks . cute couple nicknames and many other nicknames like sable .
[ the role of ' ' pseudoheat ' ' in sable reproduction ] . [ russian ]
sanjay sable , an indian contemporary artists from south india , presents his collect bright times .
“ sable ” in dicionario de dicionarios da lingua galega , sli - ilga 2006 - 2013 .
‘he pulled rochelle ' s sable ringlets away from her neck and began to kiss it . ’
‘he would have liked to have seen her sable colored hair in a less formal style . ’
the sable accelerator connects entrepreneurial organizations with highly qualified , highly connected south africans in silicon valley .
the average lifespan of the sable antelope is 16 years in wild and 19 years in captivity .
sable is hunted heavily and , nowadays , sustainably across much of its range as a valued furbearer .
‘servants in their traditional livery continued about their tasks , sable bands about their arms in honor . ’
‘the pants were plain enough , tight , but of a good silk in a rich sable . ’
‘also present are elephant , sable antelope , reedbuck , common duiker , blue and vervet monkeys . ’
along the north shore and from yarmouth to cape sable , over a hard bottom , cod abound .
the sable is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
[ the role of ' ' pseudoheat ' ' in sable reproduction ] . [ russian ]
the sable antelope has a compact and robust build , characterised by a thick neck and tough skin .
the isolated and protected population of feral horses on sable island , nova scotia , canada ( fig .
because of its great expense , sable fur is typically integrated into various clothes fashions , such as to decorate collars , sleeves , hems , and hats . the so - called kolinsky sable - hair brushes used for watercolor or oil painting are not manufactured from sable hair , but from that of the siberian weasel .
‘they say he ' s tall and handsome , and that his hair is as black as sable . ’
‘i grew up with impala and sable antelope , burnt - amber kudu , zebra and wiry wildebeest . ’
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information on the sable ( martes zibellina ) is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
sable antelope are found in parks all across eastern and southern africa offering an attraction to the ecotourism industry . sable antelope are prized trophy animals to many big - game hunters and some are willing to spend thousands of dollars to hunt them . however , declining sable antelope numbers calls into question the advisability of hunting them .
[ the role of ' ' pseudoheat ' ' in sable reproduction ] . [ russian ] [ 1988 ]
classified as lower risk / conservation dependent ( lr / cd ) on the iucn red list 2007 ( 1 ) . four subspecies of sable antelope are currently recognised : hippotragus niger kirkii ( zambian sable ) , h . n . niger ( common or southern sable ) , h . n . roosevelti ( eastern sable ) , and h . n . variani ( giant or angolan sable ) ( 3 ) . of these , the giant sable antelope ( h . n . variani ) is classified as critically endangered ( cr ) on the iucn red list 2007 ( 1 ) , and is listed on appendix i of cites ( 4 ) .
“ sable ” in le trésor de la langue française informatisé ( the digitized treasury of the french language ) .
‘colours are orchestrated in dark tones , such as sable , olive and black accented with flashes of ultramarine . ’
of the color of the sable ' s fur ; dark ; black ; - - used chiefly in poetry .
the pines stand in black platoons upon the hillsides , with a tinge of red or orange on their sable .
publicis ' murray heads to young & rubicam hire is sable ' s biggest since becoming ceo by andrew mcmains .
sable antelope in the wild can live up to 16 years and over 19 years in captivity ( urltoken ) .
sable antelope help to cycle grass / plant nutrients into other areas and the young are prey for large predators .
a band of feral horses on sable island , nova scotia , canada . photo © philip d . mcloughlin .
sable is a friendly gal who loves to ride in the car , go on walks and be with her family .
with its new sable kitchen & bar , kimpton hotels & restaurants hopes to broaden the concept of gastropubs beyond beer .
the pelt of the sable is very valuable , and sables have been hunted for their fur for hundreds of years .
sable employees have more than 25 years experience in the warehousing and distribution industry giving them a level of expertise not seen within their competitors . sable is also known for its accuracy in inventory handling , order picking and reliable freight delivery .
late middle english : from old french , in the sense ‘sable fur’ , from medieval latin sabelum , of slavic origin .
‘as expected , the door opened to reveal aunt demeter ' s porcelain , rose - accented features and sable hair . ’
‘jane is a black / sable / tan medium - sized cross breed , approx . 8 - 10 years old . ’
to make like sable in color ; darken ; blacken ; hence , figuratively , to make sad or dismal ; sadden .
his horse was a white one , and his comrade ' s was sable satan , and to the latter he ran .
‘two thirds of it was lined with sable bookcases , all stuffed to the gills with heavyweight texts on every subject conceivable . ’
‘the grazers are mainly antelope , wildebeest , hartebeest , oribi , impala , gazelle , reedbuck , roan and sable antelope . ’
she held out the sable and vernon laid it on the couch when he had held it to his face for a moment .
wilson , d . , s . hirst . 1977 . ecology and factors limiting roan and sable antelope populations in south africa .
‘the chinese caravans traded silk , porcelain and tea for furs of black fox and sable , and ivory tusks from frozen mammoths . ’
‘but it was the tzars luxurious fur coat made of sable and decorated with gold and silver thread that impressed them the most . ’
‘sauron has accepted victory , and the sable banners of the lidless eye will be hoisted over the walls of the captured city . ’
‘as he left , he did not notice the hateful eyes of the sable raven , watching calanthas go , from a windowsill . ’
au sable forks — shortly after mourners had left to attend a funeral , the zaumetzer - sprague funeral home was engulfed in flames .
sable warehousing began operations in 1998 providing warehousing and distribution services from the port of halifax throughout north america . conveniently located near the port of halifax , which is the deepest port on the eastern seaboard , sable provides a variety of services to its worldwide group of customers .
‘mink is america ' s favorite fur , according to the fur information council of america , followed by sable , fox and beaver . ’
‘her own sable tresses fell into her eyes and she carelessly brushed them away , deeper things on her mind than her chosen body . ’
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sable martin
) , in reference to the mammal or its fur , borrowed in old french from germanic ( cf . middle dutch
the labrador marten , or
sable ,
is a sub - species , generally distributed in the forested parts , like the weasel .
in this image taken on monday , nov 5 , 2012 , chocolate black pepper sable cookies are shown in concord , n . h .
detroit ( ap ) — federal safety regulators are investigating some older - model ford taurus and mercury sable sedans because the throttles can stick .
the sable antelope ' s spoor is very much similar to the roan antelope ' s . it is smaller , though , and narrower .
the sable antelope ( hippotragus niger ) is an antelope which inhabits wooded savannah in east africa south of kenya , and in southern africa .
were both passive and active . the passive approach involved setting traps while the active approach involved the use of hunting dogs and bows and arrows . occasionally , hunters also followed sable tracks to their burrows , around which they placed nets , and waited for the sable to emerge .
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“ sable ” in santamarina , antón ( coord . ) : tesouro informatizado da lingua galega . santiago de compostela : instituto da lingua galega .
‘according to old accounts , at that time , one good pelt of sable could bring enough money to buy a 50 - acre farm . ’
‘he had the palest skin she had ever seen , milky white , and he was topped with a neatly cropped head of sable hair . ’
‘unlike the dragon so pictured , its sable scales shimmered with an inner light , a fire , a pulse , and seemed almost transparent . ’
what made you want to look up sable ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
) for sable island horses . ( a ) 2009–2010 , ( b ) 2010–2011 , ( c ) 2011–2012 , and ( d ) 2012–2013 .
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‘the area ' s vast reserves protect animals both rare ( barguzin sable , baikal seal ) and abundant ( brown bear , forest reindeer ) . ’
‘as though in a trance they stood , staring at that white mask with its black eyes and frame of sable hair , paralyzed by hesitation . ’
‘antelopes are well represented here , particularly the sable antelope which shows off their extravagant horns as they proudly march between stands of miombo woodland trees . ’
‘it is therefore , common to find different species of grazers co - existing with zebra , buffalo , sable , roan , hartebeest and wildebeest . ’
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the third - generation deli man sifted through the fresh delivery of nova salmon , sable and whitefish , flown in weekly from his supplier in brooklyn .
sable
is an adjective commonly used to describe the black fur of animals . it is also used in heraldry to denote
black .
table s1 . model selection for the analysis of variation in annual probability of survival for sable island horses , 2009–2013 ( top ten models only ) .
‘on more practical ground , ferrè also delivered a few totally tempting scarves with cashmere rib - knit on one side , and sable on the other . ’
‘the carriage door swung open , revealing a tall woman with sable hair and dressed in an azure gown , bringing out her gray - blue eyes . ’
‘other sources indicate the irish setter was used in early breeding - the collie ' s sable color may be the indirect result of such a cross . ’
‘the selous has huge herds of sable antelope and estimated 10 , 000 of them although they are rare in the tourist parts of this huge reserve . ’
night , sable goddess ! from her ebon throne , in rayless majesty , now stretches forth her leaden scepter o ' er a slumbering world .
on that occasion thou wilt have a sight of him , clad in a sable deerskin , and wearing his hair in the form of a matted mass .
hipotrachus niger variani the giant sable antelope or royal sable is so named because the horns of both sexes are recognisably longer . found only in a few remaining localities in central angola . it is classified as critically endangered ( cr ) on the iucn red list , and is listed on appendix i of cites .
horse surveys on sable island allowed us to obtain a time series of near perfect estimates of demographic parameters from 2009 to 2013 ; as we were able to identify each horse on the island , we do not account for sampling error in our analyses . our life cycle graph for sable island horses ( fig .
‘russia ' s first strict nature reserve - barguzinsky zapovednik - was founded in 1916 on the eastern shore of lake baikal to protect the endangered barguzin sable . ’
‘the handsome sable antelope of eastern and southern africa belongs to a group called sabre - horned antelopes , because of their long , scimitar - shaped horns . ’
description of critical habitat of roseate tern in sable island bird sanctuary
( 2007 - 01 - 20 ) ( pdf format , 13 . 29 kb )
numbers of males and female horses observed on sable island , canada , from 2009 to 2013 . total number of individual life histories in the sample is 701 horses
is regarded as the ‘typical ' sable as it was the first to be described and named in 1838 . often referred to as the black sable because it tends to have the darkest coat , this subspecies occurs south of the zambezi river , particularly in northern botswana and large numbers in the matsetsi valley of zimbabwe but is also found in southern africa . in south africa most of the commercial sable farmers crossed their matsetsi sables ( indeginous to south africa ) with western zambian sables in the hope to move nearer to the nearly extinct giant sable ( that was larger with bigger horns . ) currently the believe is that there are only about 15 % pure matsesti sables in south africa . the matsetsi sable population in zimbabwe is only 450 . ( was 24 , 000 in 1994 ) . the sable population in south africa is about 7000 ( commercial and in reserves ) . therefore it can be concluded that the matsesti sable population is less than 1500 and declining daily . fortunately most of the sables in the reserves are pure matsetsi sables . anglo - american recently started a program of breeding pure matsetsi sables commercially and keeping them pure .
fur or pelt of the european sable
( martes zibellina ) , early 15c . , from middle french sable ( also martre sable
sable martin
) , in reference to the mammal or its fur , borrowed in old french from germanic ( cf . middle dutch sabel , middle low german sabel , middle high german zobel ) , ultimately from a slavic source ( cf . russian , czech sobol , polish soból , the name of the animal ) ,
which itself is borrowed from an east - asiatic language
[ klein ] , but russian sources ( e . g . vasmer ) find none of the proposed candidates satisfactory .
‘the relocation is the first phase of a resettlement programme of several wildlife species , including giant sable and red buffalo , to kissama over the next five years . ’
‘shar - pei come in just about every colour there is - black , red , red - fawn , fawn , black - pointed cream , sable and blue . ’
standing before the long mirror , laura looked with a frown at the sable coat , which gave her , as gerty had said , the air of a tragic actress .
was usually a fixed number of sable pelts that was required of every male tribe member who was at least fifteen years old to be given to russian officials . officials enforced
‘while assembling my belongings , i came across a lovely dress , a creamy chiffon , in the empress josephine style , with a bit of luxurious sable round the shoulder . ’
‘even at its zenith in the mid - 20th century , mink had few rivals , with only sable and the pelts of big cats bestowing anywhere near the same prestige . ’
‘throughout zimbabwe , 64 percent of kudu , 63 percent of giraffes , 56 percent of cheetahs , and 53 percent of sable antelope and impalas were on private ranch properties . ’
rangy by nature , jake was a tri - color sable with a bushy dark brown tail tipped in white , matching the natural white ring of white fur around his neck .
the handsome sable antelope is the national animal of zimbabwe and is one of the most sought after for photographers and trophy hunters alike due to its scimitar horns . they are very
nickle seamless ferrule  brown polished handle  pure red sable , hand cupped with a sharp point , plenty of strength and spring . finest quality artist watercolor brush . short handle
contasti al , van beest fm , vander wal e . mcloughlin pd . identifying hidden sinks in growing populations from individual fates and movements : the feral horses of sable island .
” in which many russians moved to siberia as independent trappers . from 1585 to 1680 , tens of thousands of sable and other valuable pelts were obtained in siberia each year .
‘the law emphasizes that only those of ‘superior degrees’ are permitted to wear satin , silk , and sable or cloth made of or mixed with gold , silver , or tinsel . ’
elizabeth dubben , who runs the amrose sable gallery at 306 hudson ave in albany , recently sent an e - mail telling patrons the arts space will be closing on may 24 .
tyler , p . e . 2000 . behind the $ 100 , 000 sable coat , a siberian hunter new york times december 27 , 2000 . retrieved june 7 , 2008 .
table s2 . model selection for the analysis of variation in annual fecundity ( probability of presenting with a foal ) for sable island horses , 2009–2013 ( top ten models only ) .
welsh da . halifax , ns : dalhousie university ; 1975 . population , behavioural and grazing ecology of the horses of sable island , nova scotia . ph . d . thesis .
recent studies ( borisov and lomanov 2006 , safonov et al . 2006 , sinitsyn 2012 ) have shown that earlier growth in sable numbers has continued . leading sable ecologists and researchers documented that sable harvest in russia reached 700 , 000 – 750 , 000 animals in the winter 2011 / 2012 game season and the russian population is estimated at 2 . 0–2 . 2 million animals ( dejkin et al . 2011 , monakhov 2012a , monakhov and li 2013 ) . in the 2010s sable occupies all suitable habitats and previously not colonised territories , which allows numbers to increase in russia . sable numbers in china were estimated in 6 , 000 in the 1990s ( ma 1998 ) and 18 , 000 in the 2010s ( zhu et al . 2011 , monakhov and li 2013 ) . population of sable in mongolia were assessed at least 10 , 000 for central hentii mountain range in the 1970s ( clark et al . 2006 ) . no estimates are available for japan , korea or kazakhstan ; the occupied parts of each of these countries comprise only a small part of the species ' s global range .
we can think of the japanese marten and the sable as counterparts in japan : whereas the marten lives in the three main southerly islands ; the sable , or kuroten , lives only in hokkaido . also , whereas the japanese marten is a golden - brown animal with a black face , black legs and a brown tail , the sable is a pale , creamy - yellow color , almost white on the face and with black feet and lower legs and a black tail . the carnivores are similar in size , with the marten measuring 60 to 65 cm from nose - tip to tail - tip , and weighing 1 . 1 to 1 . 5 kg , while the sable measures 67 cm long and weighs in at 1 . 5 kg . but to my mind , it is the sable that smacks of wilderness , and conjures up images of the immense russian taiga forests that comprise much of its natural range .
‘local tribes sometimes resisted , but in the long run were subdued and subjected to tribute , usually in the form of so many skins per year , the sable being especially sought . ’
‘the maiden brushed a strand of sable hair behind her ear and gazed straight into the eyes of her nervous king , the emeralds set into her own face unnervingly refusing to blink . ’
‘my wife and girls fell instantly into dreams while i navigated a causeway suspended between an indigo sky and the sable sea , two voluptuous bodies winking at each other like old lovers . ’
‘the tonkinese occurs in four colors : natural , which is also called sable or seal ; champagne , also called chocolate ; platinum , also called lilac or frost ; and blue . ’
‘the most frequently seen are shades of darkest red to lightest cream , some with sable accents ; but many poms occur in solid black , black and tan , and parti - colors . ’
oxford english dictionary . 1989 . sable , n . , etymology of the oxford english dictionary , 2nd ed . 1989 . oed online . oxford university press . retrieved february 11 , 2008 .
the grassland habitat of the sable is being reduced by habitat destruction for agricultural development . antelope are important to their habitats as grazers and browsers . they are also important as prey for carnivores .
both females and males carry horns , making the sight of a sable herd amazing ! the female’s horns reach a length of 2 - 3 feet , and the bulls’ can grow to between 2 , 5 - 5 , 5 feet . the skin , that can vary significantly in color , is just as impressive . a shoulder - or full mount is a must if you are ever lucky enough to get your hands on a sable trophy with the black shiny color . the medal standards for sable are as follows : bronze : 96 silver : 102½ gold : 106 3 / 8 sci
lions seldom attack adults , because of their size and the formidable fighting abilities of these antelope . humans are the only real threat to adult sable antelope and their populations ( spinage 1986 ) . young
over the past 10 years sable has grown from a 12 person operation with 52 , 000 square feet of warehousing space to over 25 dedicated staff and over 200 , 000 square feet of warehousing .
there is , beside , the ' link - man ' , a lank , dark - faced , black - haired man , in a sable suit , with a link or torch in his hand .
sable silty clay loam - nearly level in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 223 meters ( 732 feet ) above mean sea level . ( colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated . )
typically , sable antelope are specialized grazers feeding on foliage and herbs , especially those growing on termite mounds . during the dry season they are less reluctant to browse ( estes 1993 ) . one of the reasons for declining antelope numbers could be their very specific feeding pattern . typically they will feed on grasses ( up to ninety percent of their diet ) at heights of 40 - 140 millimeters from the ground taking only the leaf . in a savannah setting , sable antelope are the last to feed on the new grasses available during the late dry season when food availability is vital ( spinage 1986 ) . in the paddock setting , where grasses are tall ( above 140mm ) , feed is high in protein and low in fiber , and sable antelope quickly lose weight . in a particular enclosure study , sable antelope fed primarily on
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the name sable appears to be of slavic origin and to have entered western european via the early medieval fur trade ( oxford english dictionary 1989 ) . thus the russian and polish sobol became the german zobel , dutch sabel . the french zibelline spanish cibelina , cebellina , finnish soopeli , and mediaeval latin zibellina derive from the italian form . the english and medieval latin word sabellum comes from the old french sable or saible .
for the predatory species it just isn’t an option , as they burn so many calories just staying alive that they need to regularly top - up with fuel — hence the snow - burrowing antics of the sable .
in russia , after a critical depression in number that lasted until the 1940s , sable is protected in state nature reserves , national parks , and game reserves . outside protected areas , sable harvesting in russia is strictly regimented by hunting quotas for each region and is limited to 15 october - 29 february . the main areas where sable is protected are 41 state nature reserves with a total area of 164 , 960 km² . mass reintroductions in the 1940s - 1960s involved about 19 , 000 animals . in china , hunting is forbidden throughout the whole 215 , 678 km² area holding the species ( zhu et al . 2011 ) ; the species is in the first category of protection . eight national reserves totalling 8 , 122 km² hold it ( ma and xu 1994 ) . in mongolia , it is classed as vulnerable ( clark et al . 2006 ) . in dpr korea , the sable is classified as endangered ( won and smith 1999 ) . in japan ( hokkaido ) sable has been protected since 1920 ( murakami and ohtaishi 2000 ) and is now listed as near threatened ( murakami 2009 ) .
sable antelope are gregarious animals and congregate in herds of up to 40 individuals . like their cousins , the roan antelope , sable have a very similar social structure . there is only one adult bull in each herd , juvenile males are also evicted at the age of 3 years and form
bachelor groups
where they remain for about 2 or 3 years before they can acquire their own breeding herd , by fighting the herd bull . fights are more a display of supremacy , very seldom causing any body harm . sable will confront any predator , very often the later being gored and killed by the sable ' s formidable horns . one or two weeks before parturition , female sable will leave the herd and retreat to a secluded place , where she will give birth . for the first 2 or 3 days , the mother will stay no further than a couple of hundred meters from her calf , moving progressively further away to rejoin the herd . the calves will congregate in nursery groups , only joining the mother
at lunch time
. adults weigh up to 250 kg . and have a life span of about 15 years .
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‘they herded reindeer , which provided meat and skins , caught and preserved the great shoals of salmon which surged up the summer rivers , and hunted the bears , foxes and sable , whose furs helped them to survive the cold . ’
these example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word ' sable . ' views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of merriam - webster or its editors . send us feedback .
the sable inhabits forest environments , flatlands , and mountain ranges , including spruce and cedar forest in eastern siberia and pine and larch forests in western siberia , avoiding only mountain tops ( bates 2002 ; grzimek 1990 ; ognev 1962 ) .
sable antelope live in savanna woodlands and grasslands during the dry season , where they eat mid - length grasses and leaves . sable antelope visit salt licks and have been known to chew bones to collect minerals . they are diurnal , but are less active during the heat of the day . they form herds of 10 to 30 females and calves led by a single male , called a bull . males fight among themselves ; they drop to their knees and use their horns .
these soils are in illinois , wisconsin , iowa , and indiana . sable soils are extensive , over 608 , 000 acres have been correlated in mlras 95b , 104 , 105 , 108a , 108b , 110 , 111d , and 115c .
she turned and waved a hand to him , she cried a word , but he didn ' t hear it , it was a lost word . a sable wraith she was in the parkland , fading away into the dolorous crypt of winter .
‘for instance , the use of the word sable to describe the skin color of her race imparts a suggestion of rarity and richness that also makes affiliation with the group of which she is a part something to be desired and even sought after . ’
black
as a heraldic color , early 14c . , commonly identified with sable ( n . 1 ) , but the animal ' s fur is brown and this may be a different word of unknown origin ; or it might reflect a medieval custom ( unattested ) of dyeing sable fur black . as an adjective from late 14c . emblematic of mourning or grief from c . 1600 ; c . 1800 as
black
with reference to africans and their descendants , often with mock dignity .
black
as a heraldic color , early 14c . , commonly identified with sable ( n . 1 ) , but the animal ' s fur is brown and this may be a different word of unknown origin ; or it might reflect a medieval custom ( unattested ) of dyeing sable fur black . as an adjective from late 14c . emblematic of mourning or grief from c . 1600 ; c . 1800 as
black
with reference to africans and their descendants , often with mock dignity .
2002 , christopher paolini , eragon , chapter 3 they wound between the wagons to a tent removed from the rest of the traders ' . it was crimson at the top and sable at the bottom , with thin triangles of colors stabbing into each other .
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the color black in a general sense , and especially as the color of mourning : so called with reference to the general dark color of the fur of the sable as compared with other furs , or from its being dyed black as sealskin is dyed .
the sable is found in russia from the ural mountains throughout siberia , in northern mongolia and china , and on hokkaidō in japan ( harrison 2004 ) . its range in the wild originally extended through european russia to poland and scandinavia ( ognev 1962 ) .
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when sable antelopes are threatened by predators , including lions , they confront it , using their scimitar - shaped horns . many of these big cats have died during such fights . numbers have been reduced severely as part of regional tse - tse fly control programs .
summation of available population estimates gives a total population of about 54 , 000 sable , but this does not allow for undercounting bias in aerial surveys or parts of the species range for which estimates of numbers are unavailable . east ( 1999 ) estimated the total population at 75 , 000 , of which about half occurs in and around protected areas and one - quarter on private land . the population in the selous ecosystem probably represents the largest free - ranging population in africa . overall population trends are more or less stable in protected areas , increasing on private land and decreasing etsewhere ( east 1999 ) . total numbers of the giant sable surviving are estimated ( 2007 ) at 200 - 400 ( p . vaz pinto in litt to asg , 2007 ) . like other ungulates of the miombo woodlands , the sable occurs at low density in comparison with ungulate densities in semi - arid savanna . wilson and hirst ( 1977 ) estimated density at 4 / km in the matetsi area of sw zimbabwe , which they considered the best sable habitat in southern african .
the sable antelopes normally stay in groups with a maximum of 10 - 30 individuals , led by an old bull . they thrive in the areas where dense bush and savanna meet , and always stay close to the protective cover of the bush , and the plenty of the savanna . their need to live in these zones are what has challenged them throughout the years , as these biotopes are often being cultivated for farming cattle and chopping wood . where the sable lives to this day , you can find a highly sustainable hunt for them , playing a key factor in conserving the areas they live in . the sable is one of the shyest antelopes of all , and stalking these animals is a challenge , as they won’t present you with many chances before they seek the cover of the bush .
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the sable antelope formerly occurred widely in the savanna woodlands of southern and eastern africa , with an isolated population ( giant sable ) in central angola , between the cuanza and luando rivers and immediately north of the luando . they have been eliminated from large areas of their former range by meat hunting and loss of habitat to the expansion of agricultural settlement and livestock ( east 1999 ) . this range reduction has been most marked in mozambique , where they survive only in good numbers in niassa in the north , and in the western gaza province , southeast dr congo , and north - east tanzania ( east 1999 ; estes in press ) . sable have been reintroduced to many parts of their former range , but have also been introduced to areas where they never naturally occurred , including to swaziland ( east 1999 ) .
justification : sable is categorized as least concern because there is a large ( over two million ) population spread widely within eurasia . in most its range it is no danger of decreasing numbers , notwithstanding declines in some countries comprising in total only a small proportion of its range .
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sable ( hippotragus niger ) , because of the great variation in their skin color , are most easily recognizable by their backward curving horns , that don’t look like the horns of any other antelope . the old bulls are also easy to identify due to their pitch - black skin .
the skin tells its own story and is light brown when the sable is born , and then turning darker and darker with age . females and young bulls are recognizable from this brownish color , especially around the legs , while a mature bull will turn completely pitch - black in time .
sable is the common name for a carnivorous mammal , martes zibellina , of the marten genus ( martes ) and weasel family ( mustelidae ) , characterized by a slender body , short limbs , bushy tail , and sharp - clawed , five - toed feet . sables have been valued historically for their soft , thick , dark fur , which remains a luxury good to this day . the sable is found in northern asia ( siberia , northern china , japan ) ; its distribution once extended west to scandinavia , but it became extinct in the wild there ( bates 2002 ) .
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most luxurious natural furs ( ermine , mink , sable , and otter , among others ) come from members of carnivora , as do many of the animals that attract the largest crowds at circuses and zoos . producers of livestock worldwide are concerned about possible depredations upon their herds and flocks by this group…
listed as least concern as sable are currently estimated to number ca . 75 , 000 , and population trends are more or less stable in protected areas , increasing on private land and decreasing elsewhere ( 25 % ) . the overall conservation status is unlikely to change , since any further decrease in the free - living population may be compensated by the continued growth of its numbers on private farms and conservancies . the latter should continue in view of this spectacular antelopes aesthetic appeal and its high value as a trophy animal . nonetheless , certain subpopulations remain vulnerable , in particular that of the giant sable in angola .
…a gold cap trimmed with sable . the turks also adopted caftans , and they then brought the style to hungary and poland when they conquered those lands . subsequently , there were occasional vogues for turkish dress in italy , germany , and england , and the caftan became the model for later western garments featuring…
success on a sable hunt secures you what is one of the absolute top trophies of the african continent . this legendary antelope with its majestic backward curving horns was recently threatened with extinction throughout eastern africa , but thanks to cooperation between hunters , outfitters , locals , and governments , it has now , yet again , spread across southern africa and is available from almost every outfitter organizing hunts in southern africa . hunting this shy antelope is something most hunters dream about ! the sable antelopes normally stay in groups with a maximum of 10 - 30 individuals , led by an old bull . they thrive in the areas . . .
sable soils are on level or nearly level summits of loess - covered moraines and stream terraces . typically , they are on broad interstream divides of till plains , and less commonly on unglaciated hills and on terraces . slope gradients range from 0 to 2 percent . sable soils formed entirely in loess . mean annual temperature ranges from 7 . 8 to 12 . 2 degrees c ( 46 to 54 degrees f ) . , mean annual precipitation ranges from 760 to 1020 mm ( 30 to 40 inches ) , frost free days range from 140 to 180 days , and elevation ranges from 104 to 311 meters ( 340 to 1020 feet ) above mean sea level .
population projection without density dependence for sable island horses on 20 years from observed values obtained during 4 years ( 2009–2013 ) . red points are observed values ; the black line is the average increasing of the population ; gray lines show variation in the size due to demographic and environmental stochasticity ( included in se of parameter estimates ) .
fur was in great demand in western europe , especially sable and marten , since european forest resources had been over - hunted and furs were extremely scarce . fur trading allowed russia to purchase from europe goods that it lacked , like lead , tin , precious metals , textiles , firearms , and sulphur . russia also traded furs with
the main factor in reducing the number is winter hunting . however in russia , sable is exploited in compliance with scientifically substantiated quotas , so this hunting is not a threat to the species . some habitat is lost through clear - felling of forests , building of communications , and the development of new mines , oil and gas fields .
climate and density can lead to important intercohort variations and have long - term effects on life history traits in ungulates ( forchhammer et al . 2001 ) . both of our environmental variables govern the availability of energy to sable island horses . winter weather mediates the date of spring flush , quality of terrestrial forage during the winter , and accessibility of aquatic forage during the winter . high densities reduce the availability of forage through increased competition . our results suggest that for female sable island horses , high density and poor weather during the period of gestation reduced fecundity ; but , although density generally had a negative effect on survival , the same conditions also resulted in increased survival in adults .
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sable fur has been a highly valued item in the fur trade since the early middle ages . intensified hunting in russia in the nineteenth and early twentieth century caused a severe enough decline in numbers that a five year ban on hunting was instituted in 1935 , followed by a winter - limited licensed hunt . these restrictions together with the development of sable farms have allowed to species to recolonize much of its former range and attain healthy numbers ( grzimek 1990 ) . the collapse of the soviet union led to an increase of hunting and poaching in the 1990s , in part because wild caught russian furs are considered the most luxurious and demand the highest prices on the international market ( tyler 2000 ) .
the sable series consists of very deep , poorly drained , moderately permeable soils formed in loess on nearly level broad summits of moraines and stream terraces . slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent . mean annual temperature is about 10 . 6 degrees c ( 51 degrees f ) . , and mean annual precipitation is about 889 mm ( 35 inches ) .
sable antelope are most active during the early morning and late afternoon . where not persecuted , they are not excessively wary , often running a short distance when startled , then stopping and looking back . however , when closely pursued , they can run as fast as 57 kmph / 35 mph for considerable distances . when wounded or cornered , sable antelope viciously defend themselves with their saber - like horns . the
critical distance
- the point at which an animal defends itself instead of fleeing - for sable antelope seems to be smaller than for comparable species . old bulls are believed to be territorial . when fighting , males males drop to their ' knees ' and engage in horn wrestling . fatalities from these combats are known , but are rare . maternal herds are led by a dominant male , who defends an area of 300 - 500 meters extending outward from the herd . recorded population densities vary between 0 . 4 and 9 . 2 per square kilometer , although the maximum sustainable density is believed to be less than 4 animals per square kilometers .
from other grazers and suggests why they are habitat limited ( spingage 1986 ) . water is visited at least every other day and no sable antelope will travel more then 2 miles from a watering hole or river . salt licks are visited periodically and they will chew on bones to get trace essential elements not present in mineral - deficient soil ( estes 1993 ) .


calliostoma aculeatum , common name the prickly japanese top shell , is a species of medium-sized deepwater sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family calliostomatidae .

calliostoma aculeatum

worms - world register of marine species - calliostoma aculeatum aculeatum g . b . sowerby iii , 1912
calliostoma aculeatum 22mm beautiful specimen leg . teram . . . calliostoma aculeatum 22mm beautiful specimen leg . teram . . .
calliostoma aculeatum 22mm beautiful specimen leg . teramachi w / o kii , japan | ebay
worms - world register of marine species - calliostoma aculeatum g . b . sowerby iii , 1912
subspecies calliostoma aculeatum aculeatum g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 accepted as tristichotrochus aculeatus aculeatus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 ) represented as tristichotrochus aculeatus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 )
calliostoma aculeatum g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 accepted as tristichotrochus aculeatus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 )
species calliostoma aculeatum g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 accepted as tristichotrochus aculeatus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 )
specimen shell : calliostoma aculeatum aliguayensis each seashell we have have been carefully picked to ensure the highest seashells quality . these shells come from all over the philippines , provided by fishermen ( philippines - aliguay island ) , divers , calliostomatidae specimen shell : calliostoma aculeatum aliguayensis poppe , tagaro & dekker 2006
species : calliostoma aculeatum aliguayensis . size : 12 . 2 mm . found : taken with lumon lumon net at about 35 m depth . | ebay ! | seashells & land snails | pinterest
sea shell information on : ts139370 - calliostomatidae calliostoma - > aculeatum aliguayensis . this specimen is of calliostomatidae . the specimen shell of groupe : calliostoma . shell found on the philippines . shell is of exceptional quality . more sea shell information
calliostoma adamsi brazier , 1895 : synonym of calliostoma comptum a . adams , 1855
calliostoma purpureocinctum hedley , 1894 : synonym of calliostoma comptum a . adams , 1855
species calliostoma convexum w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as calliostoma africanum bartsch , 1915
species calliostoma capense thiele , 1925 accepted as calliostoma perfragile g . b . sowerby iii , 1903
species calliostoma albolineatum w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as calliostoma ornatum ( lamarck , 1822 )
calliostoma formosensis e . a . smith , 1907 : synonym of calliostoma formosense e . a . smith , 1907
calliostoma poupineli ( montrouzier in souverbie & montrouzier , 1875 ) : synonym of calliostoma comptum a . adams , 1855
species calliostoma formosensis [ sic ] accepted as calliostoma formosense e . a . smith , 1907 ( incorrect original spelling )
species calliostoma fernandesi boyer , 2006 accepted as calliostoma angolense boyer , 2007 ( invalid : junior homonym of calliostoma fernandesi rolán & monteiro , 2006 ; c . angolense is a replacement name )
calliostoma formosum ( mcandrew & forbes , 1847 ) : synonym of calliostoma occidentale ( mighels & c . b . adams , 1842 )
species calliostoma adamsi brazier , 1895 accepted as calliostoma comptum ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as fautor comptus ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of calliostoma adamsi pilsbry , 1889 )
» species calliostoma ( calliostoma ) burnupi e . a . smith , 1899 accepted as dactylastele burnupi ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
species calliostoma echinatum dall , 1881 accepted as calliostoma caribbechinatum landau , van dingenen & ceulemans , 2017 ( invalid : junior secondary homonym of calliostoma echinatum ( millet , 1865 ) ; c . caribbechinatum is a replacement name )
» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) alisi b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma alisi b . a . marshall , 1995 ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) heros b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma xanthos b . a . marshall , 1995 ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) peregrinum b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma peregrinum b . a . marshall , 1995 ( original combination )
» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) xanthos b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma xanthos b . a . marshall , 1995 ( original combination )
species calliostoma formosum ( mcandrew & forbes , 1847 ) accepted as calliostoma occidentale ( mighels & c . b . adams , 1842 ) ( junior synonym )
calliostoma expansum schepman , 1908 : synonym of enida japonica a . adams , 1860
species calliostoma expansum schepman , 1908 accepted as enida japonica a . adams , 1860
species calliostoma rubroscalptum y . c . lee & w . l . wu , 1998
subgenus calliostoma ( kombologion ) clench & r . d . turner , 1960 represented as kombologion clench & r . d . turner , 1960 accepted as calliostoma swainson , 1840
subgenus calliostoma ( eutrochus ) a . adams , 1864 accepted as astele swainson , 1855
calliostoma bisculptum e . a . smith : synonym of cantharidus bisculptus e . a . smith
calliostoma limatulum marshall , 1995 : synonym of selastele limatulum b . a . marshall , 1995
calliostoma onustum odhner , 1924 : synonym of selastele onustum b . a . marshall , 1995
» species calliostoma ( calliotropis ) waikanae w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as calliostoma waikanae oliver , 1926 accepted as maurea waikanae ( oliver , 1926 ) ( basionym )
calliostoma ( kombologion ) clench & r . d . turner , 1960 · accepted , alternate representation
calliostoma swainson , 1840 . retrieved through : world register of marine species on 30 october 2010 .
» species calliostoma ( calliotropis ) pagoda w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as calliostoma ( maurea ) selectum ( dillwyn , 1817 ) accepted as maurea selecta ( dillwyn , 1817 )
calliostoma trepidum hedley , 1907 : synonym of laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
» species calliostoma ( mauriella ) wanganuicum w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as calliostoma ( maurea ) punctulatum ( martyn , 1784 ) accepted as maurea punctulata ( martyn , 1784 ) ( synonym )
calliostoma polychroma ( a . adams , 1851 ) : synonym of cantharidus polychroma ( a . adams , 1851 )
calliostoma rubropunctatum ( a . adams , 1851 ) : synonym of laetifautor rubropunctatus ( a . adams , 1851 )
» species calliostoma ( tristichotrochus ) gendalli b . a . marshall , 1979 represented as calliostoma gendalli b . a . marshall , 1979 accepted as tristichotrochus gendalli ( b . a . marshall , 1979 ) ( original combination )
species calliostoma bisculptum e . a . smith , 1906 accepted as jujubinus suarezensis ( p . fischer , 1878 )
species calliostoma comptum ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as fautor comptus ( a . adams , 1855 )
species calliostoma aucklandicum e . a . smith , 1902 accepted as coelotrochus chathamensis ( hutton , 1873 ) ( synonym )
species calliostoma farquhari g . b . sowerby iii , 1892 accepted as jujubinus suarezensis ( p . fischer , 1878 )
calliostoma is a genus of small to medium - sized sea snails with gills and an operculum , marine gastropod molluscs within the family calliostomatidae , the calliostoma top snails ( according to the taxonomy of gastropoda by bouchet & rocroi ( 2005 ) ) . previously this genus was placed within the family trochidae . calliostoma is the type genus of the family calliostomatidae .
calliostoma is a genus of small to medium - sized sea snails with gills and an operculum , marine gastropod molluscs within the family calliostomatidae , the calliostoma top snails ( according to the taxonomy of gastropoda by bouchet & rocroi ( 2005 ) ) . previously this genus was placed within the family trochidae . calliostoma is the type genus of the family calliostomatidae .
species calliostoma coronatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as calliostoma kanakorum b . a . marshall , 2001 accepted as benthastelena coronata ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) accepted as benthastelena kanakorum ( b . a . marshall , 2001 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of calliostoma coronatum quinn , 1992 ; c . kanakorum is a replacement name )
calliostoma is a genus of small to medium - sized sea snails with gills and an operculum , marine gastropod molluscs within the family calliostomatidae , the calliostoma top snails ( according to the taxonomy of taxonomy of gastropoda by bouchet & rocroi ( 2005 ) ) . previously this genus was placed within the family trochidae . calliostoma is the type genus of the family calliostomatidae .
calliostoma burnupi e . a . smith , 1899 : synonym of dactylastele burnupi ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
calliostoma deceptum e . a . smith , 1899 : synonym of laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
calliostoma regalis ( verrill & s . smith , 1880 ) : synonym of calliotropis regalis ( verrill & smith , 1880 )
subgenus calliostoma ( mauriella ) w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as maurea oliver , 1926 ( synonym )
species calliostoma antipodense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea antipodensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma aupourianum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea aupouriana ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma boucheti b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor boucheti ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma chesterfieldense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor chesterfieldensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma cristatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as benthastelena cristata ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma crossleyae e . a . smith , 1910 accepted as tristichotrochus crossleyae ( e . a . smith , 1910 )
species calliostoma diadematum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as benthastelena diademata ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma eminens b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea eminens ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma gendalli b . a . marshall , 1979 accepted as tristichotrochus gendalli ( b . a . marshall , 1979 )
species calliostoma gibbsorum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea gibbsorum ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma alertae b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea ( alertalex ) alertae ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( replacement name for calliostoma blacki ( dell , 1956 ) not c . blacki ( powell , 1950 ) )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) comptum ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as fautor comptus ( a . adams , 1855 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) gracile p . marshall , 1918 † accepted as maurea gracilis ( p . marshall , 1918 ) †
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) spectabile ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as maurea spectabilis ( a . adams , 1855 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) waikanae w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as maurea waikanae ( oliver , 1926 )
species calliostoma correlatum ( c . a . fleming , 1943 ) † accepted as maurea correlata c . a . fleming , 1943 †
species calliostoma dnopherum ( r . b . watson , 1879 ) accepted as margarites dnopherus ( r . b . watson , 1879 )
( lightfoot , 1786 ) - california , 26 - 30mm - inhabitants kelp beds . one of the more showy and desirable calliostoma .
species calliostoma deceptum e . a . smith , 1899 accepted as laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( benthastelena ) coronatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as benthastelena kanakorum ( b . a . marshall , 2001 )
» species calliostoma ( benthastelena ) kanakorum b . a . marshall , 2001 accepted as benthastelena kanakorum ( b . a . marshall , 2001 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) antipodense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea antipodensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) aupourianum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea aupouriana ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) eminens b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea eminens ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) gibbsorum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea gibbsorum ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) jamiesoni b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea jamiesoni ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) maui b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea maui ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) penniketi b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea penniketi ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) regale b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea regalis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) simulans b . a . marshall , 1994 accepted as maurea simulans ( b . a . marshall , 1994 )
species calliostoma arruense r . b . watson , 1880 accepted as calthalotia arruensis ( r . b . watson , 1880 ) ( original combination )
species calliostoma burnupi e . a . smith , 1899 accepted as dactylastele burnupi ( e . a . smith , 1899 ) ( original combination )
drawing of a dorsal view of a living animal of calliostoma bairdii dredged in the atlantic ocean at a depth of from 100 m to 1170 m .
perron , f . e . ( 1975 ) .
carnivorous calliostoma ( prosobranchia : trochidae ) from the northeastern pacific
. veliger 18 : 52–54 .
marshall , b . a . ( 1995 ) .
a revision of the recent calliostoma species of new zealand
. the nautilus 108 : 83–127 .
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) correlatum ( c . a . fleming , 1943 ) † accepted as maurea correlata c . a . fleming , 1943 †
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) boucheti b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor boucheti ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) chesterfieldense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor chesterfieldensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) houbricki b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor houbricki ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) metivieri b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor metivieri ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) necopinatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor necopinatus ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) paradigmatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor paradigmatus ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) periglyptum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor periglyptus ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) richeri b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor richeri ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) vaubani b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor vaubani ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
perron , f . e . ( 1975 ) .
carnivorous calliostoma ( prosobranchia : trochidae ) from the northeastern pacific
. veliger . 18 : 52–54 .
marshall , b . a . ( 1995 ) .
a revision of the recent calliostoma species of new zealand
. the nautilus . 108 : 83–127 .
clench w . & turner r . ( 1960 ) .
the genus calliostoma in the western atlantic
. johnsonia 4 ( 40 ) : 1 - 80 .
remarks . calliostoma delli tends to be broader than high ; one of the figured paratypes ( fig . 14 ) is unusually narrow , compared to most specimens on the type lot .
the trochidae include all of the shells generally referred to as top shells . among the most beautiful of this family are the calliostoma with their iridescent sheen and beaded sculpture . literature :
quinn , j . f . jr . ( 1992 ) .
new species of calliostoma and notes on some poorly known species from the western atlantic
. the nautilus 106 : 77–114 .
marshall , b . a . 1995 . a revision of the recent calliostoma species of new zealand ( mollusca : gastropoda : trochoidea ) . the nautilus 108 : 83 - 127 . [ details ]
quinn , j . f . jr . ( 1992 ) .
new species of calliostoma and notes on some poorly known species from the western atlantic
. the nautilus . 106 : 77–114 .
» species calliostoma ( otukaia ) alertae b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as otukaia blacki ( dell , 1956 ) accepted as maurea ( alertalex ) alertae ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
dell , 1950 - new zealand , 41 - 47mm - trawled in deep water off the south island and stewart island . maurea are endemic to new zealand , and related to the calliostoma . an uncommon species .
the name of this genus is derived from the greek words kallos ( beautiful ) and stoma ( mouth ) , referring to the pearly aperture of the shell . the genus calliostoma is known in fossil records from the upper cretaceous onwards .
the name of this genus is derived from the greek words kallos ( beautiful ) and stoma ( mouth ) , referring to the pearly aperture of the shell . the genus calliostoma is known in fossil records from the upper cretaceous onwards . [ 3 ]
contrary to what is the case in most other top shells , calliostoma deposits its eggs in gelatinous ribbons that are only fertilized after being deposited . the young emerge as small snails ( lebour , 1936 ) without passing through a free - living planktonic stage as a veliger larva .
( of trochus ( calliostoma ) swainson , 1840 ) swainson w . ( 1840 ) a treatise on malacology or shells and shell - fish . london , longman . viii + 419 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 218 , 351 [ details ]
currently , calliostoma is being treated in worms as a broad genus . it is expected to be broken up and ( some ) subgenera will be elevated to the status of genus . at this moment ( 2013 ) , information is too fragmentary to assign all species in a revised genus .
holotype for calliostoma atlantoides quinn , 1992 catalog number : usnm 860261 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry locality : st . lucia , caribbean sea , north atlantic ocean depth ( m ) : 417 to 589 vessel : pillsbury r / v
: kosuge , s . , studies of the collection of mr . victor dan ( 7 ) descriptions of new species of the genera calliostoma and lyria , bull . inst . malac . tokyo 2 ( 1 ) : 3 - 4 ( 1984 ) , pl . 2 ( orig . desc . ) .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 46 , f . 335 / clench , w . j . & turner , r . d . , the genus calliostoma in the western atlantic , johnsonia , vol . 4 no . 40 ( 1960 ) p . 54 pl . 35 .
the species in this genus are mainly herbivorous or feed on detritus , although a few have been observed to be omnivorous ( keen , 1975 ) or even carnivorous , feeding on a wide range of algae and on animals belonging to various other invertebrate phyla . the north atlantic topshell calliostoma occidentale has been reported to feed on coelenterates .
: kilburn , r . n . , notes on some benthic mollusca from natal and mocambique , with descriptions of new species and subspecies of calliostoma , solariella , latiaxis , babylonia , fusinus , bathytoma and conus , ann . natal mus . vol . 21 ( 3 ) , 1973 , p . 558 , f . 1a - c ( orig . desc . ) .
the species in this genus are mainly herbivorous or feed on detritus , [ 4 ] although a few have been observed to be omnivorous ( keen , 1975 ) or even carnivorous , feeding on a wide range of algae and on animals belonging to various other invertebrate phyla . [ 5 ] the north atlantic topshell calliostoma occidentale has been reported to feed on coelenterates . [ 6 ]
petit , r . e . ( 2009 ) . george brettingham sowerby , i , ii & iii : their conchological publications and molluscan taxa . zootaxa . 2189 : 1–218 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
sasaki t . ( 2017 ) . family calliostomatidae . pp . 756 - 759 , in : t . okutani ( ed . ) , marine mollusks in japan , ed . 2 . 2 vols . tokai university press . 1375 pp . [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
poppe g . t . , tagaro s . p . & dekker h . ( 2006 ) the seguenziidae , chilodontidae , trochidae , calliostomatidae and solariellidae of the philippine islands . visaya supplement 2 : 1 - 228 . [ details ]
tristichotrochus aculeatus aculeatus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 ) represented as tristichotrochus aculeatus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 )
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china . east china sea . trawled . 150 m . gravel and sand bottom . 2010 .
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liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . < em > china science press . < / em > 1267 pp .
petit , r . e . ( 2009 ) . george brettingham sowerby , i , ii & iii : their conchological publications and molluscan taxa . < em > zootaxa . < / em > 2189 : 1–218 .
sasaki t . ( 2017 ) . family calliostomatidae . pp . 756 - 759 , in : t . okutani ( ed . ) , marine mollusks in japan , ed . 2 . 2 vols . tokai university press . 1375 pp .
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dimensions : height 29 . 6 mm . diameter 30 . 9 min ( holotype , fig . 13 ) : height 24 . 3 mm , diameter 23 . 2 mm ( paratype , fig . 14 ) ; height 29 . 0 mm , diameter 26 . 0 ( paratype . fig . 15 ) .
material . chile : los vilos ( lacm , type lot , figs . 13 - 15 ) , papudo , zapallar , algarrobo , punta penablanca ( lacm ) , pichilemu , constitución . specimens examined : 114 .
type material . thirty - three specimens from the type locality , collected 29 may 1977 , by andrade , shrimp trawler goden wind , holotype , lacm 1980 ; paratypes , lacm 1981 ; paratypes , mnhn 200489 ; paratypes , mzicb 15 . 528 ; paratypes , usnm 784738 .
type locality . 400 m off los vilos , chile ( 31°56 ' s : 71°54 ' w ) .
distribution . los vilos ( 31°56 ' s ) to constitución , chile ( 35°20 ' s ) . depth range 200 - 450 m .
diagnosis . a species of the subgenus otukaia characterized by having three spiral cords prominent at all growth stages . it differs from the similarly sculptured c . blacki ( dell , 1956 ) from new zealand ( see dell , 1956 : 46 , pl . 7 , fig . 6 ) in being lower spired , and in having a weaker subsutural ( first ) cord and a stronger second cord .
etymology . we are pleased to name this species in honor of dr . richard k . dell of the national museum of new zealand , wellington . ”
mclean , j . h . and h . andrade . 1982 . large archibenthal gastropods of central chile : collections from an expedition of the r / v anton bruun and the chilean shrimp industry . los angeles county museum , contributions in sciences , 342 : 1 - 20 . urltoken ; = 2316
unconfirmed _ type : mclean , j . & andrade , h . 1982 . contributions in science ( natural history museum of los angeles county ) . 342 : 1 - 20 , figs . 1 - 56 .
holotype : quinn , j . f . 1992 . the nautilus . 106 ( 3 ) : 102 .
unconfirmed type : mclean , j . & andrade , h . 1982 . contributions in science ( natural history museum of los angeles county ) . 342 : 1 - 20 , figs . 1 - 56 .
depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 274 - 274 temperature range ( °c ) : 12 . 462 - 12 . 462 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 16 . 704 - 16 . 704 salinity ( pps ) : 35 . 456 - 35 . 456 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 3 . 043 - 3 . 043 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 1 . 235 - 1 . 235 silicate ( umol / l ) : 5 . 700 - 5 . 700 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
stocks , k . 2009 . seamounts online : an online information system for seamount biology . version 2009 - 1 . world wide web electronic publication .
the distribution of this genus is worldwide , found mainly on hard substrata , although japanese species have been found on sandy bottoms . these snails occur from shallow waters to bathyal depths .
the rather thin , acute , coeloconoid ( = approaching conical shape but with concave sides ) shell is imperforate or rarely umbilicate . the whorls are smooth , often polished and spirally ridged or granular . the
perron , frank e . ; turner r . d . ( 1978 ) .
dall w . h . 1889 . reports on the results of dredging , under the supervision of alexander agassiz , in the gulf of mexico ( 1877 - 78 ) and in the caribbean sea ( 1879 - 80 ) , by the u . s . coast survey steamer
blake
, lieut . - commander c . d . sigsbee , u . s . n . , and commander j . r . bartlett , u . s . n . , commanding . xxix . report on the mollusca . part 2 , gastropoda and scaphopoda . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoölogy at harvard college 18 : 1 - 492 , pls . 10 - 40
vilvens c . ( 2012 ) new species and new records of seguenzioidea and trochoidea ( gastropoda ) from french polynesia . novapex 13 ( 1 ) : 1 - 23 . [ 10 march 2012 ] page ( s ) : 18
williams , s . t . ; k . m . donald , h . g . spencer and t . nakano ( march 2010 ) .
vilvens c . ( 2009 ) . new species and new records of calliostomatidae ( gastropoda : trochoidea ) from new caledonia and solomon islands . novapex 10 ( 4 ) : 125 - 163
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( of fluxina dall , 1881 ) dall w . h . 1881 . reports on the results of dredging , under the supervision of alexander agassiz , in the gulf of mexico and in the caribbean sea ( 1877 - 78 ) , by the united states coast survey steamer
blake
, lieutenant - commander c . d . sigsbee , u . s . n . , and commander j . r . bartlett , u . s . n . , commanding . xv . preliminary report on the mollusca . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoölogy at harvard college , 9 ( 2 ) : 33 - 144 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 51 [ details ]
vilvens c . ( 2009 ) . new species and new records of calliostomatidae ( gastropoda : trochoidea ) from new caledonia and solomon islands . novapex 10 ( 4 ) : 125 - 163 [ details ]
williams s . t . , donald k . m . , spencer h . g . & nakano t . ( 2010 ) molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families trochidae and calliostomatidae ( mollusca : superfamily trochoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 54 : 783 - 809 . [ details ]
marshall , b . a . ( 1995 ) . calliostomatidae ( gastropoda : trochoidea ) from new caledonia , the loyalty islands , and the northern lord howe rise . in : bouchet , p . ( ed . ) résultats des campagnes musorstom 14 . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . série a , zoologie . 167 : 381 - 458 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
marshall , b . a . ( 2016 ) . new species of venustatrochus powell , 1951 from new zealand , and new species of falsimargarita powell , 1951 and a new genus of the calliostomatidae from the southwest pacific , with comments on some other calliostomatid genera ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . molluscan research . 36 : 119 - 141 . [ details ]
( of elmerlinia clench & r . d . turner , 1960 ) williams s . t . , donald k . m . , spencer h . g . & nakano t . ( 2010 ) molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families trochidae and calliostomatidae ( mollusca : superfamily trochoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 54 : 783 - 809 . [ details ]
( of elmerlinia clench & r . d . turner , 1960 ) marshall , b . a . ( 2016 ) . new species of venustatrochus powell , 1951 from new zealand , and new species of falsimargarita powell , 1951 and a new genus of the calliostomatidae from the southwest pacific , with comments on some other calliostomatid genera ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . molluscan research . 36 : 119 - 141 . [ details ]
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( dall , 1889 ) - oregon , 40mm - dredged in deep water ; ranges from the bering sea south to chile . shell thin , white , covered with a yellowish - greenish periostracum .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 39 , f . 263 .
( watson , 1886 ) - australia , 25mm - commonly trawled in in 300 to 700 meters of water off new south wales .
: jansen , p . , notes on the australia species of calliotropis ( gastropoda : trochidae ) with descriptions of four new species , moll . res . 15 : 43 - 53 ( 1994 ) .
( e . a . smith , 1899 ) ] - alaska , 7mm - circumpolar from the arctic seas to alaska and massachusetts . commonly found in a range of depths from as little as 1 meter to over 70 meters of water .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 35 , f . 208 .
, but cidaris has a more impressed suture and flatter spire whorls . type of the subgenus
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 39 , f . 264 .
( lamarck , 1822 ) - mediterranean sea , 25mm - lives in relatively shallow water and intertidally . a variable species with many form names .
: poppe , g . t . & yoshihiro , g . , european seashells , vol . i , ( 1991 ) p . 85 , pl . 9 , fig . 1 .
( sowerby , 1912 ) - japan , 15mm - endemic to south and central japan . similar to c . soyoae , but is larger and lack the umbilicus of c . soyoae .
: kira , t . , shells of the western pacific in color , vol . i , ( 1975 ) p . 11 , pl . 8 , fig . 12 .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 47 , f . 355 .
dall , 1889 - florida ; gulf of mexico , 20 - 25mm - trawled in deep water . one of the more uncommon caribbean calliostomas . small specimens were referred to as c . springeri .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 45 , f . 321 .
dall , 1881 - colombia , 12mm - this small specimen represents a southward range extension for the species . typically , but rarely found in the northern caribbean down to barbados . c . tejedori aguayo , 1949 is a synonym .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 46 , f . 350 .
( lightfoot , 1786 ) - california , 23 - 30mm - another kelp bed inhabitant . covered with raised spiral cords . the species ranges north to alaska .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 47 , f . 356 .
( a . adams , 1855 ) - florida , 19mm - ranges from north carolina to mexico , but considered uncommon in florida . inhabits intertidal zones down to 30 + fathoms of water . this species has no umbilicus .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 45 , f . 322 .
( philippi , 1860 ) - chile , 16mm - known from peru , chile and galapagos . has three main spiral cords , the upper two are beaded .
: keen , a . m . , 1971 , sea shells of tropical west america , p . 334 , f . 79 .
quinn , 1992 - bermuda , 25mm - taken in deep water traps . a rare , endemic species .
dall , 1906 - florida , 17mm - dredged in deep water . the shell is sculptured with fine encircling incised lines .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 45 , f . 323 .
ihering , 1907 - brazil , 24mm - ranges from rio de janeiro southward to rio negro , argentina . taken by fishing boats in 30 - 60 meters of water . the species is quite rare .
: rios , e . c . , 1975 , brazilian marine mollusks iconography , p . 24 , pl . 6 f . 65 .
dall , 1889 - bahamas , 8mm - the holotype was taken off havana , cuba . reaches a size of about 12mm .
( lamarck , 1822 ) - south africa , 21 - 22mm - a common reef dweller , taken from intertidal zones down to scuba diving depths .
: kilburn , r . n . , taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 3 ) * : gastropoda : prosobranchia , with descriptions of new taxa of naticidae , fasciolariidae , magilidae , volutomitridae and turridae , ann . natal mus . vol . 22 ( 1 ) , p . 187 , f . 1 / kilburn , r . & rippey , e . , ( 1982 ) sea shells of southern africa , p . 39 , pl . 8 , fig . 4 .
dall , 1871 - mexico , 26mm - limited to gulf of california southward to guaymas , mexico . lives intertidally down to 40 + meters of water . note the purple umbilical region .
: keen , a . m . , 1971 , sea shells of tropical west america , p . 335 , f . 88
kosuge , 1984 - philippines , 12mm - an uncommon deep water trochid from the central philippines characterized by its rows of short spiny encircling the body whorrl .
dall , 1889 - california , 28 - 35mm - pearly greenish - white . similar to c . titanium , but lacks the shell sculpture . two beaded cords encirle the shell around the suture and keel . dredged from deep water . a very rare species .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 48 , f . 362 / mclean & gosliner , taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the santa maria basin and western santa barbara channel , vol . 9 ( 2 ) the gastropoda , 1996 , p . 34 , fig . 1 . 6a .
( broderip , 1835 ) - australia , 28mm - typically taken from south australia and new south wales , this illustrated specimen was collected near broome , north territory .
kilburn , 1973 - mozambique , 35mm - golden color , with beaded sculpture . trawled in 150 - 200 meters of water .
kilburn , 1973 - south africa , 37mm - an interesting specimen with a well - defined white zone on the base . this was the only specimen in the lot that exhibited this coloring , though probably not too unusual .
mclean , 1984 - california , 31 - 33mm - beautiful pale pearly greenish / white ; one of the great rarities from the west coast . this specimen was taken in prawn traps set in deep water .
mclean , 1984 - california , 26 - 27mm - shell sculpture can be variable . a typically beaded specimen with sculptured and an unusual shell with reduced sculpture is illustrated .
gabb , 1865 - california , 14 . 5mm - this species has been recorded from san francisco southward to cabo san lucas , mexico . this specimen was dredged off redondo beach in 25 fathoms of water on a gravel bottom by tom & john q . burch in august 1941 .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 47 , f . 352 .
carpenter , 1864 - alaska , 23mm - uncommonly found from alaska to southern california . this specimen was found on rocks in 20 - 25 meters of water while scuba diving .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 47 , f . 357 .
kosuge , 1984 - philippines , 29mm - covered with rows of closely set beads ; a small ridge is found inside the base of the aperture close to the columellar . this is an exceptional example of the species . collected from deepwater tangle nets .
dall , 1881 - south carolina , usa , 11mm - a more northerly species ranging from north carolina to mexico . note the deep , smooth umbilicus , which is characteristic for the species .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 43 , f . 309 .
: powell , a . w . b . , 1979 , new zealand mollusca , marine , land and freshwater shells , p . 63 , pl . 10 , f . 7 .
( gould , 1849 ) - kwajalein , 7 - 8mm - sculpture of beaded cords . the red - tipped spire is characteristic of the species .
: cernohorsky , w . o . , 1987 , tropical pacific marine shells , p . 32 , pl . 8 f . 3 .
( wood , 1828 ) - kwajalein , 10 - 11mm - the third and seventh row of beaded sculpture , with every fourth bead a deep rose color is characteristic of the species . this uncommon species is found in the central and western pacific .
: cernohorsky , w . o . , 1972 , marine shells of the pacific , vol . ii , p . 40 , pl . 8 f . 8 .
( payraudeau , 1826 ) - italy , 10mm - dark specimens with variegated pattern around umbilical area . the upper whorls are covered with fine spiral lines .
: rubio , f . & rolán , e . , ( 2002 ) revision of the genus clanculus ( gastropoda : trochidae ) in the eastern atlantic , evolver publications , roma , pp . 40 - 41 , fig . 63 - 75 , 135 - 136 , 151 - 152 , 159 .
( gmelin , 1791 ) - japan , 41mm - a common western pacific species that grows to over 75mm . specimens tend to become encrusted with coralline encrustations , obscuring the color and pattern . the species lives on rocks in intertidal zones , yet is also found at deeper depths . this specimen was taken in 20 - 40 fathoms of water off wakayama prefecture , japan .
: habe , t . , 1975 , shells of the western pacific in color vol . ii , p . 12 , f . 27 .
reeve , 1842 - australia , 31mm - this species has a western pacific distribution , but is more often found around the northern , eastern and western coasts of australia . it is considered uncommon . the illustrated shell is unusual in that the whorls are somewhat concave , whereas the species typically exhibits slightly more convex whorls .
: cernohorsky , w . o . , 1987 , tropical pacific marine shells , p . 32 , pl . 6 f . 6 .
( linné , 1758 ) - kuwait , 11mm - two of a seemingly endless number of color - patterns that this species exhibits . found from the northern persian gulf south to masirah id . , gulf of oman . the species lives intertidally in sand .
: bosch , dance , moolenbeek & oliver , 1995 , seashells of eastern arabia , p . 36 , f . 50 .
( gmelin , 1791 ) - philippines , 34mm - western pacific distribution . the large size and arrow - shaped lines on the spiral cords separate it from similar species . this specimen was taken in 25 feet of water off siasi id . , sulu sea .
: cernohorsky , w . o . , 1972 , marine shells of the pacific , vol . ii , p . 43 , pl . 9 f . 3 .
( dall , 1890 ) - uruguay , 3mm + - small , cylindrical , and very un - trochoid - like shells . h . columna is the type species of the genus . it ' s found from brazil to uruguay , infrequently dredged in 10 - 40 meters of water .
: abbott , r . t . , 1974 , american seashells , p . 52 , f . 400 .
trochidae on this page click name to view image - click » to view caption below .
the distribution of this genus is worldwide , found mainly on hard substrates , although japanese species have been found on sandy bottoms . these snails occur from shallow waters to bathyal depths .
the rather thin , acute , coeloconoid ( = approaching conical shape but with concave sides ) shell is imperforate or rarely umbilicate . the whorls are smooth , often polished and spirally ridged or granular . the body whorl is angulated at the periphery . the aperture is quadrangular , sinuated at the base and slightly oblique . the columella is simple , usually ending anteriorly in a slight tooth . the nucleus appears to be either dextral or sinistral indifferently .
the rather thin , acute , coeloconoid ( = approaching conical shape but with concave sides ) shell is imperforate or rarely umbilicate . the whorls are smooth , often polished and spirally ridged or granular . the body whorl is angulated at the periphery . the aperture is quadrangular , sinuated at the base and slightly oblique . the columella is simple , usually ending anteriorly in a slight tooth . [ 7 ] the nucleus appears to be either dextral or sinistral indifferently . [ 8 ] [ 9 ]
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it was described by meyrick in 1911 .

it is found in south africa .

the wingspan is about 32 mm .

there is a fine median streak of white suffusion from the base to two-thirds .

the hindwings are grey-whitish .

procometis limitata

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procometis limitata meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 75 ; tl : waterberg
procometis limitata is a moth in the family autostichidae . it was described by meyrick in 1911 . it is found in south africa . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
procometis melanthes turner , 1898 ; ann . qd . mus . 4 : 29
procometis phloeodes turner , 1898 ; ann . qd . mus . 4 : 29
procometis periscia lower , 1903 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 27 ( 2 ) : 200
procometis milvina meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 199 ; tl : white river
procometis ( hyostoma ) acharma meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 731 ; tl : natal
procometis ( hyostola ) oxypora meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 730 ; tl : natal
procometis ochricilia meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 106 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria
procometis coniochersa meyrick , 1922 ; ark . zool . 14 ( 15 ) : 10 ; tl : nw . australia , derby
procometis genialis meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 73 ; tl : duaringa , queensland
procometis trochala meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 635 ; tl : pusa , bengal
procometis bisulcata meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 71 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
procometis monocalama meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 72 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
procometis stenarga turner , 1902 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . aust . 26 : 199 ; tl : gisborne , victoria
procometis oxypora ; meyrick , 1909 , ann . transv . mus . 2 ( 1 ) : 23 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
procometis aplegiopa turner , 1904 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 28 : 245 ; tl : q . , stradbroke is .
procometis ( hyostola ) terrena meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 731 ; tl : nyassaland , mpeta , on loangwa river
procometis lipara meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 72 ; tl : sydney , blackheath , 3500ft ; bathurst , 2500ft
apiletria acutipennis walsingham , 1891 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1891 ( 1 ) : 106 ; tl : bathurst ( gambia )
corcyra brunnea west , 1931 ; novit . zool . 36 : 206 ; tl : formosa , kanshirei
odites mistharma meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 634 ; tl : puttalam ; trincomali , ceylon
odites sphendonistis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 634 ; tl : puttalam , ceylon
odites spoliatrix meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 509 ; tl : s . india , coimbatore
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
results of dr . e . mjöberg ' s swedish scientific expedition to australia 1910 - 1913 . microlepidoptera
west , 1931 descriptions of new species of japanese , formosan , and philippine pyralidae novit . zool . 36 : 206 - 219
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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butler a . g . 1880b . on a collection of lepidoptera from madagascar with descriptions of new genera and species . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 5 ) 5 ( 28 ) : 333–344 ; ( 29 ) : 384–395 .
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the wingspan is about 32 mm . the forewings are pale fuscous irrorated with whitish , with scattered dark fuscous scales . the costal edge is white from near the base to beyond the middle . there is a fine median streak of white suffusion from the base to two - thirds . the hindwings are grey - whitish . [ 3 ]
ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 75 archived 2015 - 05 - 18 at the wayback machine .
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spinitibia hodgesi ( s . m . lee & r . l . brown , 2010 )
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