the light-mantled albatross ( phoebetria palpebrata ) also known as the grey-mantled albatross or the light-mantled sooty albatross , is a small albatross in the genus phoebetria , which it shares with the sooty albatross .

the light-mantled albatross was first described as phoebetria palpebrata by johann reinhold forster , in 1785 , based on a specimen from south of the cape of good hope .

light - mantled albatross

a light mantled albatross , or light mantled sooty albatross , phoebetria palpebrata , on south georgia , on nesting cliffs at grytviken , calling to its mate .
light - mantled sooty albatross , south georgia . [ photo caoimhe g © ]
information on the light - mantled albatross is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
light - mantled albatross young and eggs are prey to rats , feral cats , and giant petrels .
' light - mantled albatross feeding chick , campbell island , new . . . by wayfair | havenly
there are no captive populations of the light - mantled sooty albatross ( international species information system 2008 ) .
light - mantled albatrosses can live for longer than 40 years in the wild .
there are about 87 , 000 light - mantled albatrosses in the world today .
light - mantled albatrosses are not known to have any negative effects on humans .
species assessments : light - mantled albatross phoebetria palpebrata ( agreement on the conservation of albatrosses and petrels , 2010b ) .
the light - mantled sooty albatross breeds at three locations within australian jurisdiction : heard island , macdonald islands and macquarie island .
light - mantled sooty albatross are the most abundant breeding albatrosses on macquarie island , where approximately 1000 pairs nest every year .
the breeding cycle of light - mantled sooty albatross is the same as that of wandering albatross , i . e . once every two years . however , the fledging period of light - mantled sooty albatrosses is only five months , while the fledging period of wandering albatross is almost one year .
the light - mantled sooty albatross does not undergo extreme natural fluctuations in population size , extent of occurrence or area of occupancy .
the diet of light - mantled sooty albatross is primarily composed of cephalopods and euphausiids , but they also take fish and carrion .
light - mantled sooty albatrosses have a dark grey head and a light grey body with a distinctive white crescent surrounding most of the eye .
caption : light - mantled sooty albatross at nest site , pair bonding behaviour , ( phoebetria palpebrata ) ; elsehul , south georgia .
thomas g ( 1982 ) the food and feeding ecology of the light - mantled sooty albatross at south georgia . emu 82 : 92–100
light - mantled sooty albatross . adult in flight showing light blue mandible stripe and eye crescent . enderby island , auckland islands , january 2016 . image © tony whitehead by tony whitehead urltoken
range : the light - mantled albatross has circumpolar range in southern ocean . it breeds from south georgia e to campbell and antipodes islands .
light - mantled sooty albatrosses regularly dive in order to feed and can dive to below 12 m .
agreement on the conservation of albatrosses and petrels ( 2010b ) . species assessments : light - mantled albatross phoebetria palpebrata . available from : urltoken .
in the 19 th century , light - mantled sooty albatrosses were named ' blue bird ' by sealers because their plumage looked blue in strong antarctic light .
agreement on the conservation of albatrosses and petrels 2012 . acap species assessment : light - mantled albatross phoebetria palpebrata . downloaded from urltoken 1 october 2012 .
thomas , g . , j . croxall , p . prince . 1983 . breeding biology of the light - mantled sooty albatross at south georgia .
weimerskirch , h . , g . robertson . 1994 . satellite tracking of light - mantled sooty albatrosses .
croxall , j . 2008 .
oldest light - mantled sooty albatross
( on - line ) . accessed april 04 , 2008 at email correspondence .
unlike the other species of albatross breeding at south georgia , breeding light - mantled albatross are dispersed in low numbers around the entire coastline making it very difficult to monitor their population trends . nevertheless , south georgia is known to host the largest population of light - mantled albatross in the world . considered to be the most southerly of all the albatross species , these birds often forage close to the antarctic .
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4 . the light - mantled albatross’ method of soaring is so energy - efficient that it actually uses up less energy than when they’re sitting in a nest .
waugh , s . m . 2013 . light - mantled sooty albatross . in miskelly , c . m . ( ed . ) new zealand birds online . urltoken
the light - mantled sooty albatross is only likely to be confused with the closely - related sooty albatross ( marchant & higgins 1990 ) . adults of the two species can generally be distinguished by the colour of the upperparts ( grey or light - grey in light - mantled sooty albatross and greyish - brown to blackish in sooty albatross ) and the colour of the sulcus ( pale blue or violet in light - mantled sooty albatross and creamy to creamy - yellow or orange in sooty albatross ) . however , adult sooty albatrosses in worn plumage and immature sooty albatrosses can also have pale upperparts , making separation more difficult or , in some instances , impossible ( harrison 1983 ; marchant & higgins 1990 ) .
the light - mantled albatross does not need to run for taking - off . it propels itself outwards from the steep slope where it is nesting . its agile flight allows elaborated aerial courtship displays . this albatross is a graceful glider .
3 . light - mantled albatrosses are masters of gliding , able to travel thousands of kilometres on wind currents without flapping their wings .
five species of chewing lice have been identified from light - mantled albatrosses . they are also hosts of a new species of flea (
phoebetria palpebrata ( light - mantled sooty albatross ) : species management profile for tasmania ' s threatened species link ( threatened species section ( tss ) , 2014vo ) [ state action plan ] .
morlan , j . ( 1994 ) . light - mantled sooty albatross ( phoebetria palpebrata ) over cordell banks , marin county , california . australasian seabird group newsletter . 27 : 5 - 8 .
a national recovery plan for albatrosses and giant - petrels has been developed and implemented ( environment australia 2001f ) . this recovery plan identifies the following objectives to aid the conservation of the light - mantled sooty albatross , and other albatross and giant - petrels :
the light - mantled sooty is suffering heavily from long line fishing . they are seen to follow ships regularly . they feed mainly on squid .
the light - mantled sooty albatross is highly territorial . pairs defend their nest sites against conspecifics ( for example , other pairs of light - mantled sooty albatross ) and sooty albatrosses ( phoebetria fusca ) ( marchant & higgins 1990 ) . the defended area can be quite small with nests in colonies often separated by distances of less than 3 m ( berruti 1979 ; sorensen 1950 ; weimerskirch et al . 1986 ) .
this paper is one of the few documented records of light - mantled albatross in brazil , noting that more records should be published in scientific journals to understand more the distribution and dispersion pattern of this species .
kerry , k . r . and colback , g . c . ( 1972 ) . follow that band ! light - mantled sooty albatross on macquarie island . australian bird bander . 10 : 61 - 62 .
) . light - mantled albatrosses can deliver meals up to 1 . 5 kg to their young , up to one half of this mass is liquid .
the generation length of the light - mantled sooty albatross is estimated to be 40 years . this estimate is based on documented life - history data for related taxa with similar ecological requirements ( garnett & crowley 2000 ) .
kerry , k . r . & b . r . garland ( 1984 ) . the breeding biology of the light - mantled sooty albatross phoebetria palpebrata on macquarie island . tasmanian naturalist . 79 : 21 - 23 .
sorensen , j . h . ( 1950 ) . the light - mantled sooty albatross at campbell island . n . z . department of science and industrial research . cape expedition series . , bulletin no . 8 .
arguably the most beautiful albatross , the light–mantled sooty in new zealand waters breeds on the antidopes , auckland and campbell islands . the largest breeding colonies are to be found on south georgia , the kerguelen and auckland islands .
the breeding distribution of the light - mantled sooty albatross is naturally fragmented with individuals nesting on widely - separated islands across the southern reaches of the atlantic and indian oceans ( brooke 2004 ; gales 1998 ; tickell 2000 ) .
nests of light - mantled sooty albatross are made from mud with some plant material , and is usually lined with grasses . it is a low mound , 15 - 30 cm high and 45 - 55 cm at base .
light - mantled albatrosses tend to be solitary while at sea , and only form loosely - associated breeding colonies , if at all , during the mating season .
light - mantled albatrosses mature sexually starting at 8 years old . they will continue to mate until they are around 30 years old , mating every second year .
weimerskirch , h . & g . robertson ( 1994 ) . satellite tracking of light - mantled sooty albatrosses . polar biology . 14 : 123 - 129 .
light - mantled sooty albatross are solitary nesters , although occasionally they will nest in small colonies of up to 15 nests . little is known of their behaviour during the non - breeding period , which is spent entirely at sea .
at sea , light - mantled sooty albatrosses sometimes forage in association with wandering albatrosses ( diomedea exulans ) ( marchant & higgins 1990 ) . the wandering albatross is listed as a threatened , marine and migratory species under the epbc act .
the light - mantled sooty albatross feeds on fish , cephalopods ( for example squid and octopus ) , crustaceans and carrion ( for example penguins , prions and seals ) ( cherel & klages 1998 ; green et al . 1998 ) .
light - mantled sooty albatross diet has been studied at south georgia , crozet and prince edward islands . it feeds mainly on squid ( 33 - 56 % of diet by fresh mass ) , followed by fish ( 10 - 45 % ) and crustaceans ( 4 - 40 % ) , with large variation in the importance of these last two groups by breeding site . analyses of squid species present in the diet show that light - mantled sooty albatrosses feed closer to the antarctic than other albatross species .
the light - mantled sooty albatross is one of a pair of sooty albatross species that have extremely pointed wings , wedge - shaped tails , and chocolate - brown colouration . their flight is effortless , and courting birds at breeding grounds are often seen in pairs in a synchronised aerodynamic display . the light - mantled sooty albatross is brown all over , except the greyish - brown mantle and back , which give it its name . a white crescent of feathers around the eye , and a pale blue stripe along the lower mandible contrasts with otherwise black bill and dark - brown head .
the light - mantled sooty albatross usually occurs solitarily or in small groups when at sea ( marchant & higgins 1990 ) . it breeds solitarily or in small colonies of up to 15 nests ( tickell 2000 ; weimerskirch et al . 1986 , 1989 ) .
the light - mantled sooty albatross is a pelagic marine species that occurs over continental shelf / slope and deeper waters in the sub - tropical , sub - antarctic and antarctic zones . the species breeds on sub - antarctic islands and rocky islets where pairs nest on cliffs and steep slopes ( downes et al . 1959 ; marchant & higgins 1990 ; reid et al . 2002 ; tickell 2000 ) . the light - mantled sooty albatross does not occur in any of the threatened ecological communities listed under the epbc act .
protection / threats / status : the light - mantled albatross is always threatened by interactions with long line fishing operations . the bird can be injured or killed by ingestion of baited hooks when following the fish boats . in the same way , they can be killed by drowning when they are dragged underwater by the heavy fishing gear . introduced cats and rats , and natural avian predators kill the chicks at nest . adults are vulnerable to marine pollution and disturbances . the light - mantled albatross is currently classified as near threatened .
while at sea , light - mantled albatrosses have a range of thousands of miles . in their nesting habitat , however , their home territory is a small rocky outcropping on a cliffside .
thomas , g . , j . p . croxall & p . a . prince ( 1983 ) . breeding biology of the light - mantled sooty albatross ( phoebetria palpebrata ) at south georgia . journal of zoology ( london ) . 199 : 123 - 135 .
1 . like some other sea birds light - mantled albatrosses have a gland above their nasal passages that produces a saline solution to help expel excess salt taken in from sea water while feeding .
sky - pointing is one of the stereotyped actions of laysan albatross breeding dances .
chick metabolic rate and growth in three species of albatross : a comparative study .
the light - mantled albatross can start breeding at 6 years old , but usually mostly at 12 years old . this species is long - lived with a lifespan of about 30 - 32 years . mates pair for life . they perform long sequences of stereotyped postures during displays , accompanied by various sounds and calls . these displays are performed while the birds are facing each other . the light - mantled albatross has low breeding productivity throughout the range . it has biennial breeding rate and one pair produces on average one young every 3 - 4 years .
light - mantled albatrosses are generally surface - fishers , diving only about 5 metres on average . they will sometimes follow dolphins and whales and use the mammals’ herding of fish to their own benefit .
the “albatross with light eyebrows” taken during cook’s first voyage in the south indian ocean , was an example of this species , and formed the basis of forster’s description of diomedea palpebrata published in 1785 .
the closely related sooty albatross lacks the pale mantle .
there are two key australian management documents for the light - mantled sooty albatross : national recovery plan for albatrosses and giant - petrels ( environment australia 2001f ) and a threat abatement plan for the incidental catch or bycatch of seabirds during longline fishing operations ( australian antarctic division 2006 ) .
terauds , a . & r . gales ( 2006 ) . provisioning strategies and growth patterns of light - mantled sooty albatrosses phoebetria palpebrata on macquarie island . polar biology . 29 : 917 - 926 .
the features of the light - mantled albatross are very different from the adult of the sooty albatross , although it can be confused with the plumage in the first year of this species ( see harrison , 1983 ) . however the immature sooty albatross has a clearer pale head , gray or black sulcus and the tail lacks pale shafts , while the adult of the light - mantled albatross has bluish sulcus and white shafts ( figures 1c and d ) ( harrison , 1983 ; onley and scofield , 2007 ) . the bird found was quite weak , possibly dehydrated , and unable to take flight . it later died , and there was no time to transport it to some environmental agency or research institution ; so , the bird was buried .
the agreement on the conservation of albatrosses and petrels ( acap 2007 ) , of which australia is a signatory , has established a working group on the taxonomy of albatrosses and petrels . the light - mantled sooty albatross is considered to be a conventionally accepted species by this taxonomic working group .
calls and songs : sounds by xeno - canto the light - mantled albatross , like other albatrosses , produces the typical rattling sound by quick bill - clattering . cries , grunts and moans are heard too during displays . it is silent at sea but it gives eerie calls in flight .
albatrosses ( procellariiformes : diomedeidae ) are large birds that mostly occur in the southern hemisphere ( sick , 1997 ) . this family is represented by ten species in brazil , two belonging to the genus phoebetria : the light - mantled albatross p . palpebrata ( foster , 1785 ) and the sooty albatross p . fusca ( hilsenberg , 1822 ) ( cbro , 2014 ) .
the light - mantled sooty albatross is a small dark albatross , with a body form honed for rapid flight . it has a dark sooty - brown body and head , with greyish - brown neck and back feathers , which distinguishes it from the similar - looking sooty albatross . the bill is dark with a pale blue stripe along the lower mandible , and there is a crescent of white feathers around the eye , giving the bird a slightly comical aspect .
a northern royal albatross in flight at the colony in taiaroa head , new zealand .
phylogenetic relationships of the four albatross genera . based on nunn et al . 1996 .
light - mantled albatrosses , along with other albatross species ( diomedeidae ) , are long - lived and slow to reproduce . they are increasingly being threatened by long - line fishing and by ingestion of plastic trash in the ocean . they are currently considered near threatened by the iucn and populations are declining .
phillips , r . a . , j . r . d . silk & j . p . croxall ( 2005 ) . foraging and provisioning strategies of the light - mantled sooty albatross at south georgia : competition and co - existence with sympatric pelagic predators . marine ecology progress series . 285 : 259 - 270 .
light - mantled sooty albatrosses follow longline fishing vessels to feed on cast baits and discarded scraps . this behaviour exposes them to incidental mortality through interactions with fishing vessels ( baker et al . 2002 ; gales 1993 , 1998 ) .
voice : light - mantled sooty albatrosses are generally silent at sea . at colonies they give the characteristic ‘sky call’ pee - aahh , and a braying threat call used to challenge other albatrosses and humans . bill snapping is also common .
) are thought to be predators that are capable of preying on young albatrosses . feral cats are also potential predators on breeding islands . however , the size and isolated nesting habitat of light - mantled albatrosses make them unlikely candidates for predation .
( a ) individual of light - mantled albatross found at vilatur beach , municipality of saquarema , rio de janeiro ; ( b ) side view ; ( c ) dorsal view showing features of the plumage and the white shafts of the tail ; ( d ) head showing the black bill with bluish sulcus ( photo by gustavo corrêa ) .
unlike most procellariiformes , albatrosses , like this black - footed albatross , can walk well on land .
chick metabolic rate and growth in three species of albatross : a comparative study . - pubmed - ncbi
by using a combination of wind currents and gravity ( referred to as “dynamic soaring” ) light - mantled albatrosses can fly 110 metres with a drop of only 5 metres as the cost . they can fly at speeds of over 110 km per hour .
iucn . 2004 . red list : albatross species . world conservation union . retrieved september 13 , 2005 .
light - mantled sooty albatrosses are found around the southern ocean , with a circumpolar breeding distribution . they are thought to frequent less productive areas of the ocean , and are not commonly found on shelf - breaks or frontal zones . due to their lack of tolerance of handling , few satellite tracking studies have been undertaken . they forage in southern ocean waters from 40° s to the antarctic ice edge , and are perhaps the most southerly foraging of all albatross species . light - mantled sooty albatrosses tend to be solitary at sea , and don’t follow vessels or scavenge on fisheries waste to the same extent as most other small albatrosses .
2 . light - mantled albatrosses are one of the species of birds that produce foul - smelling oil in their stomachs that can be used to feed their young , feed themselves during long flights , or can be sprayed out of their mouths to deter predators .
green , k . , k . r . kerry , t . disney & m . r . clarke ( 1998 ) . dietary studies of light - mantled sooty albatrosses phoebetria palpebrata from macquarie and heard islands . marine ornithology . 26 : 19 - 26 .
the key breeding population of the light - mantled sooty albatross within australian jurisdiction , based purely on the number of breeding pairs , is the population on macquarie island . however , as the total breeding population within australia is estimated at only 1600 or more pairs , all three breeding populations are likely to be important for the long - term persistence of the species within australia .
while in flight , light - mantled albatrosses spend about 77 % of the time gliding , 23 % of the time flap gliding , and 0 % of the time flapping . their small flight muscles rely on wind and ocean updrafts to support their long soaring times .
the total breeding population of the light - mantled sooty albatross within australian jurisdiction is estimated at 1600 or more pairs . this figure is based on estimates of 500 pairs ( minimum ) at heard island ( woehler 2006 ) and 1110 pairs at macquarie island ( terauds 2000 ) and the presence of a small but non - quantified population at the mcdonald islands ( johnstone 1980 ) .
the light - mantled sooty albatross exhibits low breeding productivity throughout its range . pairs that breed successfully do not breed again for another two or three seasons . this behaviour , combined with low fecundity and modest rates of breeding success , means that pairs produce on average one fledging every three to four years ( brooke 2004 ; jouventin & weimerskirch 1988 ; kerry & garland 1984 ) .
reproduction of this species : the breeding season occurs between september / october and may / june . the light - mantled albatross often breeds solitary , but it can sometimes form very loose colonies . the nest - site is established on cliff ledges and steep slopes , usually backed by rock or earth . both adults build a low truncated cone - shaped nest with mud and plant materials .
in the new zealand region light - mantled sooty albatross nest on the antipodes ( 250 pairs ) , auckland ( 5000 pairs ) and campbell ( 1600 pairs ) islands and on nearby macquarie island . the new zealand populations account for around 30 % of the global population , with a world total of around 20 , 000 breeding pairs . population trend information is lacking for new zealand sites .
the breeding population of the light - mantled sooty albatross within australian jurisdiction appears to be stable based on the few surveys conducted ( garnett & crowley 2000 ) . historically , numbers may have declined during the 19th century when whalers frequented both heard and macquarie islands and probably exploited the species for food , but no anecdotal or quantitative evidence is available to confirm this ( environment australia 2001f ) .
light - mantled albatrosses invest heavily in their offspring . males and females incubate the egg for 70 days , sharing incubation in seven to nine shifts that last from 1 to 29 days in length , but average 2 to 3 days . this is the longest average incubation for any
5 . the soaring however is at the mercy of the winds . if winds drop below speeds of about 18 km per hour the light - mantled albatross will not have enough lift to stay afloat . if winds get too heavy they will be blown off - course . if they have to flap much their big wings meet too much air resistance and they tire out at a rapid pace .
light - mantled albatrosses take about seven months to complete a breeding cycle . once the fledgling flies , parents have only three to four months before the next summer . this is not enough time to prepare to breed again , so they stay at sea for an entire summer and winter , this gives them at least 14 to 15 months between breeding seasons . on average , birds do not start breeding until 12 years of age , after that they fledge a chick every five years . light - mantled albatrosses are also capable of breeding until at least age 32 .
habitat : the light - mantled albatross is pelagic and marine . it usually occurs in colder waters than p . fusca , over the continental shelf but also in deeper waters in southern ocean . it breeds on remote sub - antarctic islands and rocky islets . the nest - site is established on cliff ledges and steep slopes . however , it may also nest inland , among tussock grass and ferns .
the remains of this laysan albatross chick show the plastic ingested prior to death , including a bottle cap and lighter .
the light - mantled sooty albatross forages entirely at sea . it obtains most of its food by floating on the surface of the ocean and plucking prey items from the water with its bill ( termed ' surface seizing ' ) . it occasionally forages by diving under water while floating on the surface ( ' surface diving ' ) or by plunging into the water from in flight and partially submerging or submerging to just below the surface ( ' surface plunging ' and ' shallow plunging ' ) ( harper et al . 1985 ) . individuals fitted with depth gauges have recorded dives to 12 m below the surface . the depths of these dives , combined with the streamlined body of the light - mantled sooty albatross , suggests that individuals probably employ some form of active swimming to attain such depths ( prince et al . 1994b ) .
they are one of the smaller albatross in the antarctic and subantarctic , with a wingspan of approximately 2 . 2 metres .
bbc news . 2005 . albatross chicks attacked by mice . jonathan amos , science writer . retrieved march 6 , 2006 .
the adult plumage of most of the albatrosses is usually some variation of dark upper - wing and back , white undersides , often compared to that of a gull . of these , the species range from the southern royal albatross which is almost completely white except for the ends and trailing edges of the wings in fully mature males , to the amsterdam albatross which has an almost juvenile - like breeding plumage with a great deal of brown , particularly a strong brown band around the chest . several species of mollymawks and north pacific albatrosses have face markings like eye patches , or have gray or yellow on the head and nape . three albatross species , the black - footed albatross and the two sooty albatrosses , vary completely from the usual patterns and are almost entirely dark brown ( or dark gray in places in the case of the light - mantled sooty albatross ) . albatrosses take several years to get their full adult breeding plumage .
an adult light - mantled albatross was found in 29 april 2014 at 08 : 45 min , at vilatur beach ( 22° 56’ s ; 42° 26’ o ) , municipality of saquarema , rio de janeiro . its plumage was sooty , with light gray back , vinaceous dark brown head , and darker wings and tail ( figures 1a and b ) . the bird was identified through the plates and photos of seabird guides and books , the contrasting light gray back , sharply contrasting the white crescent framing the upper half of the eye and the black bill with narrow pale bluish sulcus ( central line along ramicorn ) clinching the identification ( harrison , 1983 , 1987 ; enticott and tipling , 1997 ; onley and scofield , 2007 ) .
light - mantled albatrosses form committed pair bonds . one pair on macquarie island is known to have been together for 21 years . when light - mantled albatrosses are establishing a pair bond , males and females can be seen flying side by side silently in close formation . landing and taking off are also important in courtship because mating must be done on the cliffs . a large proportion of females do the landing while the males stay put at nest sites . displays can consist of sky calls and side - preens , among other movements and vocalizations . displays conclude by the female taking off and the male following .
the impact of invasive species on islands suitable for breeding for the light - mantled sooty albatross and other seabirds is also being addressed . introduced cats have been eradicated from macquarie island ( parks & wildlife service 2006 ; carmichael 2007 ) , and a plan to eradicate introduced european rabbits , black rats ( rattus rattus ) and house mice ( mus musculus ) from macquarie island has also been developed and implemented ( tas pws 2007a ) .
after the breeding season , the light - mantled albatross disperses widely over the southern ocean . they travel northwards and can reach subtropical waters , depending on the pack ice expansion . they return to the colonies in september / october . throughout the breeding season , the adults perform long - distance foraging trips , between 1500 and 2200 km from the breeding site . short and longer foraging trips are performed alternately when they are feeding the chick .
light - mantled sooty albatross pairs sometimes breed in mixed colonies with cape petrels ( daption capense ) , grey - headed albatrosses ( thalassarche chrysostoma ) and sooty albatrosses ( phoebetria fusca ) on islands outside of australian jurisdiction ( berruti 1979 ; mougin 1970 ; weimerskirch et al . 1986 ) , or near black - browed albatrosses ( thalassarche melanophris ) on heard island ( e . j . woehler 2007a , pers . comm . ) . each of these species is listed as a marine species , and the sooty albatross is also listed as a migratory species , under the epbc act .
( 2009 ) albatross foraging behaviour : no evidence for dual foraging , and limited support for anticipatory regulation of provisioning at south georgia .
6 . a light - mantled albatross’ take - off is an ungainly affair . they must find a spot where they can face into a fast - enough wind ( usually about at least 20 km per hour ) to take off without excessive flapping . if they have to flap to take off they have to skim across the surface of the water for a long distance ( sometimes more than a kilometre ) before they can attain enough speed to lift off .
carboneras , c . , jutglar , f . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . light - mantled albatross ( phoebetria palpebrata ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
since then , further studies have in some instances supported or disproved the splits . a 2004 paper analysing the mitochondrial dna and microsatellites agreed with the conclusion that the antipodean albatross and the tristan albatross were distinct from the wandering albatross , per robertson and nunn , but found that the suggested gibson ' s albatross , diomedea gibsoni , was not distinct from the antipodean albatross ( burg and croxall 2004 ) . for the most part , an interim taxonomy of 21 species is accepted by the world conservation union ( iucn ) and many other researchers , though by no means all—in 2004 , penhallurick and wink called for the number of species to be reduced to 13 ( including the lumping of the amsterdam albatross with the wandering albatross ) ( penhallurick and wink 2004 ) , although this paper was itself controversial ( double and chambers 2004 , rheindt and austin 2005 ) . on all sides , there is the widespread agreement on the need for further research to clarify the issue .
brothers n ( 1991 ) albatross mortality and associated bait loss in the japanese longline fishery in the southern ocean . biol conserv 55 : 255–268
albatrosses have been described as
the most legendary of all birds
( carboneras 1992 ) . an albatross is a central emblem in the rime of the ancient mariner by samuel taylor coleridge ; a captive albatross is also a metaphor for the poète maudit in a poem of charles baudelaire . it is from the former poem that the usage of albatross as a metaphor is derived ; someone with a burden or obstacle is said to have ' an albatross around their neck ' , the punishment given in the poem to the mariner who killed the albatross . in part due to the poem , there is a widespread myth that sailors believe it disastrous to shoot or harm an albatross ; in truth , however , sailors regularly killed and ate them ( cocker and mabey 2005 ) , but they were often regarded as the souls of lost sailors .
the light - mantled albatross has a circumpolar distribution in the southern ocean , mostly south of the subantarctic convergence between 40° and 60° s ( carboneras , 1992 ; brooke , 2004 ) . it is the most abundant albatross in antarctic waters ( ainley et al . , 1984 ) , with strongly pelagic habits ( carboneras , 1992 ) . in brazil there are very few records of this species , concentrated in the south of the country ( roos and piacentini , 2003 ) ; there is also a record in são paulo , corrected afterward to sooty albatross , and one still unresolved from bahia ( see roos and piacentini , 2003 ) . the cbro ( 2014 ) consider the species as a seasonal south visitor , with presumed status , but not yet confirmed .
gales , r . ( 1998 ) . albatross populations : status and threats . in : robertson , g . & r . gales , eds . the albatross : biology and conservation . page ( s ) 20 - 45 . chipping norton , nsw : surrey beatty and sons .
unlike the true albatrosses and mollymawks , the light - mantled sooty does not breed in large colonies but nests singly on the ledges and slopes of sea cliffs , usually with a cliff above and below so as to be quite inaccessible . any site will suit so long as it has steeply falling ground below to give room for take off . the birds take off by propelling themselves outward ; no run is taken , unlike the true albatrosses . the birds return to their breeding localities during the first week of october . the young leave the nest during the 20th week , that is the third week in may .
light - mantled sooty albatross pairs conduct courtship flights in sweeping synchronised loops , frequently swapping the lead as they bank to one side , then the other . they also give an eery call in flight .
light - mantled albatrosses spend most of their lives in flight . a juvenile may spend many years at sea before returning to breed . they return to a few isolated breeding islands : prince edward islands , iles crozet , iles kerguelen , heard island , macdonald islands , macquarie island , auckland islands , campbell islands , antipodes islands , and south georgia . nesting sites are located on the faces of steep , rocky cliffs on island coasts and some inland cliffs on these islands . nest sites on cliffs can be between 15 to 2000 m from sea level . light - mantled albatrosses are the deepest diving of the albatrosses , often diving to 5 m and once being recorded as deep as 12 m .
recent tracking of light - mantled sooty albatrosses breeding at macquarie island with miniaturised satellite transmitters , indicate that birds spent several days foraging before returning to their nests . these flights were at an average distance of 1516 km from macquarie island and located in antarctic waters , mostly along the antarctic continent . the maximum foraging range was in average 1721 km and the total distance covered by two birds for which there were complete tracks was 6463 and 6975 km . this study confirms previous suggestions that light - mantled sooty albatrosses are able to forage in the waters of the high antarctic while breeding in the sub - antarctic . the extreme separation of feeding zones from nesting grounds has implications in terms of conservation and life - history .
anderson , d . j . , and f . cruz . 1998 .
biology and management of the waved albatross at the galapagos islands .
g . roberston and r . gales , eds . , albatross biology and conservation . chipping norton : surrey beatty and & sons . isbn 0949324825 .
safina , c . 2002 . eye of the albatross : visions of hope and survival . new york : henry holt & company . isbn 0805062297 .
this article is part of project diomedeidae , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each albatross , including made - up species .
each stamp features a species of albatross which breeds on south georgia and highlights an important conservation issue . artwork was done by leigh - anne wolfaardt .
until recently , it was thought that albatross were predominantly surface feeders , swimming at the surface and snapping up squid and fish pushed to the surface by currents , predators , or death . the deployment of capillary depth recorders , which record the maximum dive depth undertaken by a bird ( between attaching it to a bird and recovering it when it returns to land ) , has shown that while some species , like the wandering albatross , do not dive deeper than a meter , some species , like the light - mantled sooty albatross , have a mean diving depth of almost 5 m and can dive as deep as 12 . 5 m ( prince et al . 1994 ) . in addition to surface feeding and diving , they have now also been observed plunge diving from the air to snatch prey ( cobley 1996 ) .
the light - mantled sooty albatross breeds from october - november to may - june ( downes et al . 1959 ; kerry & garland 1984 ; marchant & higgins 1990 ; tickell 2000 ) . pairs construct a truncated cone - shaped or pedestal - like nest of peat and / or plant material ( downes et al . 1959 ; tickell 2000 ) . nests are situated on ledges or terraces of cliffs or on steep slopes and are usually backed by a wall of rock or earth ( berruti 1979 ; tickell 2000 ) .
, are widespread near the edge of the antarctic pack ice and circumpolar throughout the high southern latitudes , between around 40° and 60° latitude . in november , the northernmost latitude at which light - mantled albatrosses are found is 42° south , in february it is 46° south . young birds tend to stay towards polar , antarctic waters , while adults are distributed throughout the range .
the main documented threat for light - mantled sooty albatrosses is mortality in longline fisheries , especially on the high seas , where the main overlap of the species’ range and the fisheries occurs . however , specific information is lacking as there is very little scientific observer deployment in these fisheries . occasional captures in monitored fisheries indicates that the species has very low capture rates in longline fisheries .
the light - mantled sooty albatross is a medium - sized albatross ( length 7890 cm ; wingspan 1 . 82 . 2 m ; weight 2 . 53 . 7 kg ) . its plumage is sooty - brown except for a white crescent around each eye ; a grey or light - grey mantle , back and rump ; and a pale brownish - grey breast and belly . it has brown irides , a black bill with a pale blue or violet sulcus , and mauve or greyish - flesh legs and feet ( brooke 2004 ; marchant & higgins 1990 ; tickell 2000 ) . juveniles are similar to adults but have a grey ( rather than white ) crescent around each eye ; dark ( rather than whitish ) shafts to the primaries and rectrices ; a grey , brownish or pale yellow sulcus ; and , in older immatures , mottled plumage ( marchant & higgins 1990 ) .
behaviour in the wild : the light - mantled albatross feeds mainly on cephalopods such as squid and octopus , caught at night . it also consumes fish , krill , crustaceans and floating carrion . it forages at sea . the preys are caught by surface - seizing , while floating on the water . it plucks the food items with the bill . it may occasionally perform surface - diving by diving underwater while floating , and also surface - plunging by plunging into the water while flying . the bird is partially submerged or just below the surface . it usually forages alone , but it may sometimes feed with the wandering albatross ( d . exulans ) and with cetaceans . it follows the fish boats too .
carboneras , c . 1992 . family diomedeidae ( albatross ) . in handbook of birds of the world vol 1 . barcelona : lynx edicions . isbn 8487334105 .
all breeding populations of the light - mantled sooty albatross within australian jurisdiction are located on protected land . heard island and the mcdonald islands are listed together as a world heritage property , and the islands and selected areas of the surrounding waters form heard island and mcdonald islands marine reserve . macquarie island is also listed as a world heritage property . the island , the nearby bishop and clerk islets and the surrounding inshore waters form macquarie island nature reserve ; and a selected area of the surrounding waters beyond the boundary of the nature reserve forms macquarie island marine park .
they will also follow fishing trawlers to steal fish and pick up the ship’s offal and refuse , although they tend to do this less than other forms of albatross .
the light - mantled sooty albatross breeds on heard island , mcdonald islands and macquarie island ( downes et al . 1959 ; gales 1998 ; johnstone 1980 ) . the species occurs over waters of the australian economic exclusion and australian fishing zones around heard , mcdonald and macquarie islands and off the coasts of western australia , south australia , victoria , tasmania and nsw ( alexander 1917 ; barrett et al . 2003 ; clarke & schulz 2005 ; reid et al . 2002 ; tickell 1995 ) . two dead individuals were recovered from north stradbroke island , south - eastern queensland , in 1959 ( hines 1962 ) .
other potential threats to albatrosses and petrels within australian jurisdiction include interactions with trawl and gillnet fisheries , dependence on fishery discards , over - extraction of prey species by fisheries , marine pollution ( chemicals and solids ) , introduced rats and rabbits and avian parasites and disease ( baker et al . 2002 ) . it is not known what impacts , if any , these threats are having on light - mantled sooty albatrosses within australian jurisdiction .
of the 21 albatross species recognised by the world conservation union ( iucn ) on their iucn red list , 19 are threatened , and the other two are near threatened ( iucn 2004 ) . two species ( as recognized by the iucn ) are considered critically endangered : the amsterdam albatross and the chatham albatross . one of the main threats is commercial long - line fishing ( brothers 1991 ) , as the albatrosses and other seabirds , which will readily feed on offal ( internal organs used as bait ) , are attracted to the set bait , become hooked on the lines , and drown . an estimated 100 , 000 albatross per year are killed in this fashion . unregulated pirate ( illegal ) fisheries exacerbate the problem .
weimerskirch , h . & j . jouventin ( 1998 ) . changes in population size and demographic parameters of six albatross species in french sub - antarctic islands . in : robertson , g . & r . gales , eds . the albatross : biology and conservation . page ( s ) 84 - 91 . chipping norton , nsw : surrey beatty and sons .
many albatross and petrel seabird species are killed in longline fisheries . longlining is one of the main methods used to catch fish and occurs in most oceans and seas in the world .
åkesson , s . , and h . weimerskirch . 2005 .
albatross long - distance navigation : comparing adults and juveniles .
journal of navigation 58 : 365 - 373 .
brothers , n . p . 1991 .
albatross mortality and associated bait loss in the japanese longline fishery in the southern ocean .
biological conservation 55 : 255 - 268 .
light - mantled sooty albatrosses breed as monogamous pairs in the austral summer , over an extended period . like the great albatrosses , but unlike mollymawks , they breed once every two years . the single large ( 102 x 65 mm ) white egg is laid in october or november ; incubation is shared and takes about 67 days , with most hatching in december . the chick is fed by regurgitation by both parents , and fledges in may - june .
the government of south georgia & the south sandwich islands ( gsgssi ) is delighted to announce the launch of its latest stamp issue ‘albatross conservation’ . the stamps have been developed in conjunction with the royal society for the protection of birds ( rspb ) to raise awareness about the conservation status of south georgia albatross and the joint work being undertaken to better understand and protect these iconic birds .
cobley , n . d . 1996 . an observation of live prey capture by a black - browed albatross diomedea melanophrys . marine ornithology 24 : 45 - 46 . retrieved november 5 , 2007 .
auman , h . j . , j . p . ludwig , j . p . giesy , and t . colborn . 1997 .
plastic ingestion by laysan albatross chicks on sand island , midway atoll , in 1994 and 1995 .
in g . roberston and r . gales , eds . , albatross biology and conservation . chipping norton : surrey beatty and & sons . isbn 0949324825 .
weimerskirch , h . , p . jouventin & j . c . stahl ( 1986 ) . comparative ecology of six albatross species breeding on the crozet islands . ibis . 128 : 195 - 213 .
phillips , r . , j . green , b . phalan , j . croxall , p . butler . 2003 . chick metabolic rate and growth in three species of albatross : a comparative study .
burg , t . m . , and j . p . croxall . 2004 .
global population structure and taxonomy of the wandering albatross species complex .
molecular ecology 13 : 2345 - 2355 .
the breeding population of the light - mantled sooty albatross within australian jurisdiction is estimated at 1600 or more pairs or approximately 7 % of the estimated global breeding population . individuals that breed on heard island , mcdonald islands and macquarie island regularly occur outside of australian jurisdiction ( parks & wildlife service 2006 ; weimerskirch & robertson 1994 ; woehler 2006 ) . for example , five satellite - tracked individuals breeding on macquarie island foraged south of the antarctic polar front at an average distance of 1516 km , and up to 2200 km , from their breeding sites ( weimerskirch & robertson 1994 ) . individuals that breed on heard island , mcdonald islands and macquarie island could therefore be affected by threats operating outside of australian jurisdiction .
robertson , c . j . r . 1993 .
survival and longevity of the northern royal albatross .
diomedea epomophora sanfordi at taiaroa head , 1937 - 93 . emu 93 : 269 - 276 .
light mantled sooty albatrosses look very different from mollymawks , as they are brown and grey all over . they are palest on the upper side of the body and nape ( mantle ) , with a contrasting dark head . their eyes have a white crescent at the upper back edge . chicks have grey down and a striking white face mask . unlike the mollymawks that nest in dense colonies , their nests are scattered along cliff sites , usually against a rock wall for protection . breeding adults weigh about 3 kilograms .
the light - mantled sooty albatross has a widespread circumpolar distribution . the species is mostly recorded between 40º s and 60º s , but individuals have been observed as far north as 20º s , and as far south as the limit of the antarctic pack - ice to 77º50´ s ( brooke 2004 ; harrison 1983 ; tickell 2000 ) , with a single record from the northern hemisphere of a solitary individual at cordell bank off the coast of california in the united states ( morlan 1994 ) . pairs breed on prince edward islands , crozet islands ( iles crozet ) , kerguelen islands ( iles kerguelen ) , heard island , mcdonald islands , macquarie island , auckland islands , campbell island , antipodes islands and south georgia ( gales 1998 ; tickell 2000 ) .
weimerskirch , h . , clobert , j . and jouventin , p . ( 1987 ) . survival in five southern albatross species and its relationship with their life history . journal of animal ecology . 56 : 1043 - 1055 .
mougin , j . l . ( 1970 ) . les albatross fuligineux phoebetria palpebrata et p . fusca de l ' île de la possession ( archipel crozet ) . oiseau revue francais d ' ornithologie . 40 : 37 - 61 .
maintain existing population monitoring programs for albatrosses and giant - petrels breeding on macquarie island , albatross island , pedra branca , the mewstone , and within the australian antarctic territory , and develop population monitoring programs for other representative breeding populations under australian jurisdiction .
pickering , s . p . c . , and s . d . berrow . 2001 . courtship behaviour of the wandering albatross diomedea exulans at bird island , south georgia . marine ornithology 29 : 29 - 37 . retrieved november 5 , 2007 .
weimerskirch h , salamolard m , jouventin p ( 1992 ) satellite telemetry of foraging movements in the wandering albatross . in : friede ig , swift sm ( eds ) wildlife telemetry - remote monitoring and tracking of animals . ellis horwood , chichester , pp 185–198
proceeds from the sale of the stamps will be used to fund albatross conservation initiatives . the stamps can be purchased online through falklands post service ltd ( urltoken ) or through the rspb via ebay ( use the advanced search function on ebay to search for rspb ) .
in spite of often being accorded legendary status , albatrosses have not escaped either indirect or direct pressure from humans . early encounters with albatrosses by polynesians and aleut indians resulted in hunting and in some cases extirpation from some islands ( such as easter island ) . as europeans began sailing the world , they too began to hunt albatross ,
fishing
for them from boats to serve at the table or blasting them for sport ( safina 2002 ) . this sport reached its peak on emigration lines bound for australia , and only died down when ships became too fast to fish from , and regulations stopped the discharge of weapons for safety reasons . in the nineteenth century , albatross colonies , particularly those in the north pacific , were harvested for the feather trade , leading to the near extinction of the short - tailed albatross .


skania is a middle cambrian fossil arthropod that is closely related to the early cambrian primicaris larvaformis from the chengjiang biota , china .

it bears a superficial resemblance to the ediacaran organism parvancorina .

a single specimens of skania are known from the greater phyllopod bed , where they comprise < 0.01 % of the community .

skania

other deposits : skania sundbergi lin et al . 2006 from the kaili formation , china .
skania – from skana , the name of a glacier near mount robson , british columbia , canada .
skania fragilis was first described by walcott ( 1931 ) in a posthumous monograph published by his assistant charles resser . resser compared skania to the trilobites and naraoia . however in a redescription by delle cave and simonetta ( 1975 ) , it was suggested instead that skania was closely related to the ediacaran taxon parvancorina minchami glaessner 1958 . this affinity has been much discussed ( gehling , 1991 ; conway morris , 1993 ; simonetta and insom , 1993 ; lin et al . 2006 ) , and skania has also been compared extensively with primicaris zhang et al . 2003 . skania and primicaris have also been interpreted as juveniles ( protaspides ) of naraoiids ( hou and bergström , 1997 ) .
the ecology of skania is poorly known because the details of its morphology remain enigmatic . the form of the appendages is assumed to be biramous based on the overall similarity with primicaris , which possesses biramous appendages , meaning that both animals may have walked on the seafloor , using their filamentous appendages for oxygen exchange and occasional swimming . skania lacks eyes , so it likely used its antennae to sense the environment . the feeding strategy is unknown .
the m / f skania is a modern passenger and freight unit , of a service standard comparable to the polonia ferry . it has been in the unity line colours since 2008 . it can take on board up to :
skania fragilis ( rom 60752 ) – part and counterpart ( first and second rows ) . complete specimen showing antennae . specimen length = 11 mm . specimen dry – polarized light ( left column ) and wet ( right column ) . raymond quarry .
delle cave , l . and a . m . simonetta . 1975 . notes on the morphology and taxonomic position of aysheaia ( onycophora ? ) and of skania ( undetermined phylum ) . monitore zoologico italiano new series , 9 : 67 - 81 .
the skania ferry guarantees a high comfort of travelling . on the unit there are 194 cabins : for 2 , 3 or 4 persons , de - luxe class included . every cabin is air conditioned , it has its own bathroom and extra facilities for passengers . the guests travelling on the ferry may also use comfortable airplane style armchairs .
time for a meal ? on the skania ferry everyone will find something suitable for their needs and tastes . at the travellers disposal there are , amongst others , an ą la carte restaurant , a self - service restaurant and snacks and drinks bars . over 400 people can be served there at the same time . dishes for gourmets are exquisite and sophisticated , and for people looking for a fast meal - tasty and cheap . bon appetite !
on the skania ferry there is no place for boredom . 85 members of the crew take care to make the journey as pleasant as possible . during the cruise one may dance in a disco , play in a casino with a roulette and slot - machines or admire sea views on the open deck . it is also worth doing shopping in a well - stocked shop . the highest quality cosmetics , sweets , alcohol one can buy at very reasonable prices . and the kids will be thrilled by a playground room and the holiday club of the little viking . what a cruise it is going to be !
the skania ferry is a perfect place for organising a conference or a company trip . on the ferry there are two conference rooms - for 60 and 48 persons . the rooms are separated with a sliding door so if there is such a need , there could even be a meeting organised for 110 people ! at your request we can prepare individual decoration of the rooms and extra attractions . and if there is such a need , there is also a possibility of prolonging the conference in one of the hotels in ystad , trelleborg , malmö , ängelholm or copenhagen . so let ' s get to work !
skania has a single , undifferentiated , soft dorsal shield that is roughly kite - shaped . the dorsal shield is rounded at the front of the head , and tapers towards the posterior of the body , ending in a pair of short margin spines at the posterior end . at the point of maximum width there are sharp genal spines directed posteriorly . the posterior margin of the head is delineated by a narrow rim that is strongly arched forward , with the cephalic region occupying one - quarter of the exoskeletal length . a midgut is preserved in the axial region of the body trunk . appendages are poorly preserved but consist of a pair of anterior antennae and ten or more paired body limbs .
the affinity of skania is controversial , but most agree it is related to the arthropods . it is similar to primicaris ( lin et al . , 2006 ; zhang et al . , 2007 ) , and both taxa have been compared to soft - bodied trilobites like naraoia ( walcott , 1931 ; zhang et al . , 2007 ; hou and bergström , 1997 ) . other researchers suggest these taxa are related to the enigmatic ediacaran taxon parvancorina ( delle cave and simonetta , 1975 ; gehling , 1991 ; conway morris , 1993 ; simonetta and insom , 1993 ) , with all three taxa forming a clade in sister group position relative to the trilobites ( lin et al . , 2006 ) .
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the society for sedimentary geology is an international not - for - profit society based in tulsa , oklahoma . through its network of international members , the society is dedicated to the dissemination of scientific information on sedimentology , stratigraphy , paleontology , environmental sciences , marine geology , hydrogeology , and many additional related specialties .
mega rc model truck collection vol . 1 ! rc mb arocs , rc scania , rc man , rc trucks , rc us truck
scania r620 v8 longline p . van den blucke ( sth ) france interior - black amber replica ( hd )
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fragilis – from the latin fragilis , “brittle , ” referring to the delicate nature and small size of the animal .
holotype – usnm 83950 in the national museum of natural history , smithsonian institution , washington , dc , usa .
middle cambrian , bathyuriscus - elrathina zone ( approximately 505 million years ago ) .
conway morris , s . 1993 . ediacaran - like fossil in cambrian burgess shale - type faunas of north america . palaeontology , 36 : 593 - 635 .
gehling , j . g . 1991 . the case for ediacaran fossil roots to the metazoan tree , p . 181 - 223 . in b . p . radhakrishna ( ed . ) , the world of martin f . glaessner . geological society of india , bangalore .
hou , x . and j . bergström . 1997 . arthropods of the lower cambrian chengjiang fauna , southwest china . fossils and strata , 45 : 1 - 116 .
lin , j . , s . m . gon iii , j . g . gehling , l . e . babcock , y . zhao , x . zhang , s . hu , j . yuan m . yu and j . peng . 2006 . a parvancorina - like arthropod from the cambrian of south china . historical biology , 18 : 33 - 45 .
simonetta , a . m . and e . insom . 1993 . new animals from the burgess shale ( middle cambrian ) and their possible significance for the understanding of the bilateria . bolletino di zoologia , 60 : 97 - 107 .
walcott , c . d . 1931 . addenda to descriptions of burgess shale fossils . smithsonian miscellaneous collections , 85 : 1 - 46 .
zhang , x . , d . shu and d . h . erwin . 2007 . cambrian naraoiids ( arthropoda ) : morphology , ontogeny , systematics , and evolutionary relationships . palaeontological society memoir , 68 : 1 - 52 .
thanks to numerous facilities and entertainment spots the journey passes fast and in a very pleasant way . in the gastronomy and entertainment areas travellers may have a meal in a bar or a restaurant , dance in a disco , do some shopping and play in a casino .
a great advantage of the ferry is a night departure from the ports and the alternating journey times with the polonia ferry . it offers the opportunity for convenient , even one - day long trips to sweden . on the way to scandinavia , travellers may have a nap - and then they wake up relaxed and ready for the rest of the journey or sightseeing .
cafeteria : 128 places , open : 05 : 30 - 07 : 00 , 11 : 30 - 19 : 30 ( low season : 11 : 30 - 15 : 00 , 17 : 00 - 19 . 30 ) 21 : 30 - 24 : 00
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yooo ! i ' m kanae and this is my multi - fandom blog . it ' s heavy on my otps and favorite characters , so please do check them out before following . buy me a coffee ? | |
holy crap , the cg fandom is every bit as delusional if not worse then i remembered it to be . can’t believe that in year of the lord 2k18 there’s still people that deny how dear shirley was to lelouch’s heart and even people that try to defend rolo’s character and make him out to be something he was not at all or cling to lelouch being the cart driver . like ? ? it’s been a decade since the series ended ? ? ?
“that’s right , harry… come on , think of something happy…” “something happy ? ” he said , his voice cracked . “we’re all still here , ” she whispered , “we’re still fighting . come on , now…” there was a silver spark , then a wavering light , and then , with the greatest effort it had ever cost him , the stag burst from the end of harry’s wand .
and there you’d be wrong about the rebuilds but right about the manga . though i wouldn’t say i’m a bigger fan of it ; i take each of them as their own canon , so while i have my preferences the original nge comes before everything else .
rc to sebastian : “a servant shall not open their mouth without the master’s permission . you are an earsore . ”
1 second later , rc to oc : “aww , i’m so glad that i was able to meet you , my only family in this world , again . * smile * ”
if lizzy shows up to draw a sword on the shinigami again when / if they threaten r ! ciel , all these months without her will have been worth it .
honestly , i’ve been expecting r ! ciel to call her and for her to reveal she’s been there all along , just like tanaka and undertaker were . and for her arrival to be the cliffhanger of the chapter , since o ! ciel seeing her and knowing that she knows and lizzy seeing him with r ! ciel in the room is going to be everything .
but badass lizzy ? lizzy vs the otherwordly again ? ohhh man . even if it’s just a couple of panels before undertaker gets the situation under control , i’m so here for it .
hereditary was pretty good . really heavy on eerie atmosphere and not ridiculous jump scares with bad sound design . my only grievance is that it really goes out of it’s way to be subtle and focus on visual story telling until the very end betrays that . it just randomly turns into a big exposition dump right before credits roll . not sure if that was the producers wanting to spell it out to dummies or what . would recommend it though , especially if you’re all about slow burns and atmosphere .
as always , i haven’t watched the movie myself , these are what i got from various fan accounts online . the plot development generally remained the same , but there are several brief ( relative to overall plot ) but major changes . ( source : 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 with the twitter ones can only be viewed from pc if you don’t have the fusetter account )
now that’s out of my chest , i seriously hope to be more active this summer ! ! not only for free ! 3rd season but also because lizzy should hopefully already be back in the manga by then . maybe even some darlifra depending on how that ends lol
harurinharu , mc x aigis , cielizzy , eruri & kiznaiver . with a dash of eren / annie and stony .
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legg , d . a . 2015 , the morphology and affinities of . . . bulletin of geosciences , 90 , 509 - 518 .
bulletin of geosciences published by © czech geological survey , w . bohemia museum pilsen individual sponsors issn : 1802 - 8225 ( online ) , 1214 - 1119 ( print )
, from the middle cambrian ( series 3 , stage 5 ) burgess shale formation ( yoho national park , british columbia , canada ) , is redescribed based on 14 new specimens reposited at the royal ontario museum . these specimens provide a clearer picture of the morphology of this taxon and help to resolve conflicting opinions regarding potential homology of particular features . specifically , the anchor - shaped anterior , which has been compared to a similar structure in the putative precambrian arthropod
, weakening claims that crown - group arthropods were present in the neoproterozoic . the removal of these taxa from arthropoda is in keeping with recent molecular clock analyses , which demonstrate a cambrian diversification of euarthropoda . a phylogenetic analysis resolved
, united by the presence of a cordiform dorsal shield . similarities between these taxa and marrellids may indicate that the elongate posterior spines of
and related taxa , and the dorsal shield of acercostracans have a common origin akin to the carapace anlagen of extant crustaceans .
bengtson , s . 2000 . teasing fossils out of shale with cameras and computers .
beurlen , k . 1930 . vergleichende stammesgeschichte grundlagen , methoden , probleme unter besonderer berücksichtigung der höheren krebse .
conway morris , s . 1993 . ediacaran - like fossils in cambrian burgess shale - type faunas of north america .
crabb , p . 2001 . the use of polarised light in photography of macrofossils .
delle cave , l . & simonetta , a . m . 1975 . notes on the morphology and taxonomic positon of
( arthropoda , marrellomorpha ) from the middle cambrian burgess shale , british columbia , canada .
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goloboff , p . a . 1999 . analysing large data sets in reasonable times : solutions for composite optima .
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hou , x . g . & bergström , j . 1997 . arthropods from the lower cambrian chengjiang fauna , southwest china .
hou , x . g . , ramsköld , l . & bergström , j . 1991 . composition and preservation of the chengjiang fauna - a lower cambrian soft - bodied biota .
lee , m . s . y . , soubrier , j . & edgecombe , g . d . 2013 . rates of phenotypic and genomic evolution during the cambrian explosion .
legg , d . a . , sutton , m . d . & edgecombe , g . d . 2013 . arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies .
legg , d . a . , sutton , m . d . , edgecombe , g . d . & caron , j . - b . 2012 . cambrian bivalved arthropod reveals origin of arthrodization .
lin , j . p . , gon iii , s . m . , gehling , j . g . , babcock , l . e . , zhao , y . l . , zhang , x . l . , hu , s . x . , yuan , j . l . , yu , m . y . & peng , j . 2006 . a
nixon , k . c . 1999 . the parsimony ratchet , a new method for rapid parsimony analysis .
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ortega - hernández , j . & brena , c . 2012 . ancestral patterning of tergite formation in a centipede suggests derived mode of trunk segmentation in trilobites .
rota - stabelli , o . , daley , a . c . & pisani , d . 2013 . molecular timetrees reveal a cambrian colonization of land and a new scenario for ecdysozoan evolution .
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treatise on invertebrate paleontology . part r . arthropoda vol 4 ( 1 ) .
van roy , p . , orr , p . j . , botting , j . p . , muir , l . a . , vinther , j . , lefebvre , b . , el hariri , k . & briggs , d . e . g . 2010 . ordovician faunas of burgess shale - type .
vannier , j . & chen , j . y . 2002 . digestive system and feeding mode in cambrian naraoiid arthropods .
waggoner , b . m . 1996 . phylogenetic hypotheses of the relationships of arthropods to precambrian and cambrian problematic fossil taxa .
walcott , c . d . 1931 . addenda to descriptions of burgess shale fossils .
wills , m . a . , briggs , d . e . g . , fortey , r . a . , wilkinson , m . & sneath , p . h . a . 1998 . an arthropod phylogeny based on fossil and recent taxa , 33 - 105 .
zhang , x . l . , han , j . , zhang , z . f . , liu , h . q . & shu , d . g . 2003 . reconsideration of the supposed naraoiid larva from the early cambrian chengjiang lagerstätte , south china .


the pseudogarypidae are a small family of pseudoscorpions .

most recent species are found in north america , while one species is endemic to tasmania .

pseudogarypidae

the family pseudogarypidae includes two genera , pseudogarypus with several extant species in north america and several baltic amber ( eocene ) species from europe , and neopseudogarypus from tasmania .
muchmore , w . b . 1981 . cavernicolous species of larca , archeolarca , and pseudogarypus with notes on the genera , ( pseudoscorpionida , garypidae and pseudogarypidae ) . journal of arachnology 9 : 47 - 60 .
muchmore , w . b . ( 1981 ) . cavernicolous species of larca , archeolarca and pseudogarypus with notes on the genera , ( pseudoscorpionida , garypidae and pseudogarypidae ) . journal of arachnology 9 : 47 - 60 .
benedict , e . m . and malcolm , d . r . 1978 . the family pseudogarypidae ( pseudoscorpionida ) in north america with comments on the genus neopseudogarypus morris from tasmania . journal of arachnology , 6 : 81 - 104 .
benedict , e . m . and malcolm , d . r . ( 1978 ) . the family pseudogarypidae ( pseudoscorpionida ) in north america with comments on the genus neopseudogarypus morris from tasmania . journal of arachnology 6 : 81 - 104 .
henderickx , hans , veerle cnudde , bert masschaele , et al . “description of a new fossil pseudogarypus ( pseudoscorpiones : pseudogarypidae ) with the use of x - ray micro - ct to penetrate opaque amber . ” zootaxa 1305 ( 2006 ) : 41–50 . print .
henderickx h , cnudde v , masschaele b , dierick m , vlassenbroeck j , van hoorebeke l . description of a new fossil pseudogarypus ( pseudoscorpiones : pseudogarypidae ) with the use of x - ray micro - ct to penetrate opaque amber . zootaxa . 2006 ; ( 1305 ) : 41–50 .
henderickx , hans , veerle cnudde , bert masschaele , manuel dierick , jelle vlassenbroeck , and luc van hoorebeke . 2006 . “description of a new fossil pseudogarypus ( pseudoscorpiones : pseudogarypidae ) with the use of x - ray micro - ct to penetrate opaque amber . ” zootaxa ( 1305 ) : 41–50 .
henderickx , h . , cnudde , v . , masschaele , b . , dierick , m . , vlassebroeck , j . , and van hoorebeke , l . 2006 . description of a new fossil pseudogarypus ( pseudoscorpiones : pseudogarypidae ) with the use of x - ray micro - ct to penetrate opaque amber . zootaxa , 1305 : 41 - 50 .
henderickx , h . , cnudde , v . , masschaele , b . , dierick , m . , vlassenbroeck , j . , & van hoorebeke , l . ( 2006 ) . description of a new fossil pseudogarypus ( pseudoscorpiones : pseudogarypidae ) with the use of x - ray micro - ct to penetrate opaque amber . zootaxa , ( 1305 ) , 41–50 .
pseudogarypidae chamberlin : kishida , 1929 : 124 ; chamberlin , 1931a : 230 ; beier , 1932a : 239 ; beier , 1932g : 185 ; roewer , 1937 : 271 ; petrunkevitch , 1955 : 82 ; dubinin , 1962 : 442 ; benedict and malcolm , 1978b : 82 - 85 ; muchmore , 1982a : 99 ; harvey , 1985b : 150 ; harvey , 1991a : 232 ; harvey , 1992c : 1405 - 1406 .
the pseudogarypinae were first recognized by chamberlin ( 1923 ) who removed the genus pseudogarypus from the family garypidae , where it had previously been placed . chamberlin ( 1923 ) proposed a close relationship with the feaellinae , which he later recognized as a distinct family ( chamberlin 1929 ) . these two taxa have generally been considered each other’s closest relatives , although muchmore ( 1982 ) suggested that the pseudogarypidae were more similar to garypidae and its relatives , whilst the feaellidae were retained in the feaelloidea which was placed within the monosphyronida . harvey ( 1992 ) demonstrated that pseudogarypids and feaellids were sister taxa , which were referred to the feaelloidea .
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pseudogarypus synchrotron sp . n . , a new eocene fossil pseudoscorpion from baltic amber is described , propagation phase - contrast x - ray synchrotron microtomography and surface crack restoration with epoxy are used to visualize the morphology , and notes on the other fossil members of the genus are given .
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europe ( benedict and malcolm , 1978 ; harvey , 1996 , 1998 ) . four fossil species have been described from baltic amber ( harvey , 2011 ; henderickx et al . , 2006 ) . the fossil inclusions are often only partially preserved or only partially visible (
examined here are two pieces of eocene baltic amber , obtained from a dealer in lithuania ( holotype ) and in the united states ( paratype ) .
the holotype is an inclusion embedded near the surface in a dark yellow ovoid amber stone , 3 . 1 gram , 24 x 16 x 15 mm ( figure 2 . 1 ) .
the dorsal side and one chela are obscured , due to distortions in the amber . the ventral side is turned towards the surface of the amber piece , however , the specimen holds an air bubble , which obscures the larger part of the coxa ( figure 2 . 2 ) .
in order to solve some details of the anatomy of the holotype more clearly , the specimen was observed at the european synchrotron radiation facility in grenoble ( france ) , using a propagation phase contrast protocol at different resolutions . the first scan was performed in id19 beamline at 2 . 14 μm of voxel size and consisted of 1999 projections , acquired through 360 degrees rotation , with pink beam at 19 . 1 kev , 0 . 3 seconds of exposure time and 120 mm of propagation between the sample and the detector ( figure 4 ) .
optically visible details of both specimens were observed and measured using reflected and translucent illumination on a leitz microscope and a canon mp - e objective in combination with zerene stacker image processing software . all measurements are in mm ; ( length = l x width = w ) , the ratio is the length / width index of an article .
male holotype ( figure 5 ) in baltic amber , matrix dimensions 24 x 16 x 15 mm . the holotype is deposited in the mrac , royal museum for central africa , tervuren , belgium ( sample nr 236 934 ) . male paratype in baltic amber , matrix dimensions 26 x 18 x 10 mm , in coll . henderickx .
the word
synchrotron
is used here as a noun in opposition . the species epithet refers to the equipment that allowed detailed visualization of the optically hidden parts of the fossil .
a medium - large sized pseudogarypus with slender pedipalps . the posterolateral protuberances anterior of the pleural alae are extending very wide . femur length is more than 1 . 0 mm with pedipalpal fingers with moderately spaced regular teeth .
adult male . habitus figure 5 . opisthosoma ventrally covered with areas of thin , white emulsion , cuticular structure visible . colour overall orange - yellowish due to the amber matrix . ventral side turned towards amber surface , right chela partially missing , distal tip of fixed finger of left chela missing , left leg i and ii holding an air bubble which obscures the coxa and genital region , pleural folds visible , tergites and carapace invisible .
carapace wider than long ( 0 . 87x as long as width , medial measurement ) , irregular in outline , widened by two large posterolateral protuberances anterior of pleural alae . anterior margin with relatively deep notch between anterolateral and median protuberances , the latter slightly longer than the anterolateral . posterior margin elevated into a ridge . first and second pair of eyes about the diameter of one eye spaced , posterior eyes covered with cuticle , anterior eyes facing forward . cucullar furrow weak , a broad , shallow central depression , which becomes obsolete anteriorly , extending forward from an elevated median disk . carapace , sclerites , chela and leg cuticle reticulated with an irregular cellular structure . chaetotaxy of carapace and opisthosoma not visible , chelicerae not observable .
abdomen longer than wide , ovate ( l / w = 1 . 21 ) . pleural membranes raised into three folds ( figure 4 . 1 and figure 2 ) , no pleural plates , plaques or sclerite chaetotaxy observable .
the ventral side was only partially observable in visible light , but reconstructed with ppc - srµct ( figure 2 . 4 ) . figure 6 . 1 shows the coxa and sternites .
pedipalp ( figure 3 . 1 ) with reticulated cuticle , the distal part of the fingers ( trichobothrial zone ) is smooth . palpal articles cylindrical in cross - section . maxilla 2 . 45 x , trochanter 1 . 00 x , femur 6 . 88 x , patella 3 . 52 x , chela ( with pedicel ) 5 x , hand ( with pedicel ) 2 . 19 x longer than broad . femur 1 . 82 x as long as carapace . movable finger with 4 trichobothria , 4 trichobothria could be observed on the antiaxal side of the fixed chelal finger , position illustrated on figure 6 . 5 . fixed finger with 34 , movable fingers with 24 pointed teeth . the teeth in the distal part of the fingers are pointed , moderately spaced , and the most proximal teeth are reduced to small projections ( figure 1 . 1 , 1 . 4 ) . the teeth on the movable finger are triangular , pointed and on the fixed finger slightly curved proximally . the movable finger is 1 . 28 x as long as the hand . each finger has a large terminal or apical tooth ( not visible on figure 1 ) .
leg i ( figure 6 . 2 ) with trochanter 1 . 15 , femur 1 . 00 , patella 2 . 33 , tibia 3 . 25 , and tarsus 5 . 42 x longer than broad . leg iv ( figure 6 . 3 ) with trochanter 1 . 86 , femur 1 . 90 , patella 2 , 52 , tibia 5 . 37 and tarsus 10 . 5 x longer than broad . arolium shorter than claws .
measurements ( mm ) . body length 2 . 52 . pedipalp : trochanter 0 . 26 / 0 . 26 ; femur 1 . 17 / 0 . 17 ; patella 0 . 60 / 0 . 17 ; chela ( with pedicel ) 1 . 30 / 0 . 26 ; hand ( with pedicel ) 0 . 57 / 0 . 26 ; movable finger l = 0 . 73 .
carapace 0 . 64 / 0 . 74 ; cucullus l = 0 . 19 ; anterior ocular diameter 0 . 06 , posterior eyes covered , diameter with cuticle 0 . 07 . leg i : trochanter 0 . 15 / 0 . 13 ; femur 0 . 12 / 0 . 12 ; patella 0 . 28 / 0 . 12 ; tibia 0 . 26 / 0 . 08 ; tarsus 0 . 38 / 0 . 07 .
the shape of the pedipalpal teeth was interpreted from optical microscopy . on the ppc - srµct reconstruction there are artefacts at the teeth apex , giving them a longer appearance , especially on the fixed finger . this appearance is probably caused by turbulence in the amber caused by movements of the freshly trapped specimen .
opisthosoma ventrally covered with a thick white emulsion , dorsally partially obscured with white opaque amber . carapace wider than long ( 0 . 55 x 0 . 72 , 0 . 76 x ) , irregular in outline as in holotype , the posterolateral protuberances anterior of the pleural alae typically extending wide ( w = 0 . 72 , 0 . 74 in holotype ) .
dimensions . total length 2 . 53 , dimensions of chela ( figure 3 . 3 , figure 6 . 5 ) femur 1 . 19 / 0 . 19 ( 6 . 2 x ) ; patella 0 . 56 / 0 . 17 ( 3 . 29 x ) ; chela ( with pedicel ) 1 . 30 / 0 . 26 ( 5 x )
we are grateful to the esrf , id19 and bm05 beamlines that provided the beamtime necessary for these investigations .
thanks are due to m . harvey ( perth ) , v . mahnert ( genève ) , j . bosselaers ( beerse ) and the anonymous referees for correcting the manuscript ; to m . veta ( lithuania ) for the cooperation in the search for new amber inclusions .
beier , m . 1937 . pseudoscorpione aus dem baltischen bernstein . festschrift zum 60 . geburtstage von professor dr . embrik strand , 2 : 302 - 316 .
beier , m . 1947 . pseudoscorpione im baltischen bernstein und die untersuchung von bernstein - einschlüssen . mikroscopie , 1 : 188 - 199 .
chamberlin , j . c . 1923 . the genus pseudogarypus ellingsen ( pseudoscorpionida – feaellidae ) . entomological news , 34 : 146 - 149 , 161 - 166 .
harvey , m . s . 1996 . the biogeography of gondwanan pseudoscorpions ( arachnida ) . revue suisse de zoologie , vol . hors série : 255 - 264 .
harvey , m . s . 1998 . pseudoscorpion groups with bipolar distributions : a new genus from tasmania related to the holarctic syarinus ( arachnida , pseudoscorpiones , syarinidae ) . the journal of arachnology , 26 : 429 - 441 .
harvey , m . s . 2011 . pseudoscorpions of the world , version 2 . 0 . western australian museum , perth . urltoken
henderickx , h . 2005 . a new geogarypus from baltic amber ( pseudoscorpiones : geogarypidae ) . phegea , 33 ( 3 ) : 87 - 92 .
koch , c . l . and berendt , g . c . 1854 . die im bernstein befindlichen myriapoden , arachniden und apteren der vorwelt . in berendt , g . c . ( ed . ) die im bernstein befindlichen organischen reste der vorwelt gesammelt in verbindung mit mehreren bearbeitet und herausgegeben 1 ( 2 ) . nicolai , berlin .
lak , m . , neraudeau , d . , nel , a . , cloetens , p . , perrichot , v . , and tafforeau , p . 2008 . phase contrast x - ray synchrotron imaging : opening access to fossil inclusions in opaque amber . microscopy and microanalysis , 14 : 251 - 259 .
langenheim , j . 2003 . plant resins : chemistry , evolution , ecology and ethnobotany . timber press , portland , cambridge .
lyckgaard , a . , johnson , g . , and tafforeau , p . 2011 . correction of ring artifacts in x - ray tomographic images . international journal of tomography & statistics , 18 ( f11 ) : 1 - 9 .
perreau , m . and tafforeau , p . 2011 . three new species of leiodidae ( coleptera ) from baltic amber : pushing further the paleoentomological descriptions by virtual dissection of fossils using phase - contrast x - ray synchrotron microtomography . systematic entomology , 36 : 573 - 580 .
soriano , c . , archer , m . , azar , d . , creaser , p . , delclos , x . , godthelp , h . , hand , s . , jones , a . , neraudeau , d . , ortega - blanco , j . , perez - de la fuente , r . , perrichot , v . , saupe , e . , solorzano - kraemer , m . , and tafforeau , p . 2010 . synchrotron x - ray imaging of inclusions in amber . comptes rendus palevol , 9 : 361 - 368 .
tafforeau , p . , boistel , r . , boller , e . , bravin , a . , brunet , m . , chaimanee , y . , cloetens , p . , feist , m . , hoszowska , j . , jaeger , j . j . , kay , r . f . , lazzari , v . , mariva , l . , nel , a . , nemoz , c . , thibault , x . , vignaud , p . , and zabler , s . 2006 . applications of x - ray synchrotron microtomography for non - destructive 3d studies of paleontological specimens . applied physics a : materials , science and processing , 83 : 195 - 202 .
morris , j . c . h . ( 1948 ) . a new genus of pseudogarypin pseudoscorpions possessing pleural plates . papers and proceedings of the royal society of tasmania 1947 : 43 - 47 .
data and apps idaho fish and wildlife information system bringing information to bear on the management and conservation of fish , wildlife , and plants in idaho .
† pseudogarypus hemprichii ( c . l . koch & berendt , 1854 ) — fossil ; baltic amber
pseudogarypus pangaea henderickx n . sp . , a new fossil pseudoscorpion from baltic amber , is described . epoxy embedding and x - ray micro - ct are used to visualize the morphology of the single available specimen .
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macrocilix nongloba is a moth in the drepanidae family .

it was described by chu and wang in 1988 .

it is found in china ( sichuan , jiangxi , chejiang ) .

the length of the forewings is 13-18 mm .

adults are externally similar to macrocilix orbifera .

macrocilix nongloba

this is the place for nongloba definition . you find here nongloba meaning , synonyms of nongloba and images for nongloba copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word nongloba . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word nongloba and , of course , nongloba synonyms and on the right images related to the word nongloba .
this is a successive report on the chinese drepaninae dealing with 2 genera , i . e . auzata and macrocilix . both genera are endemic to e . asia especially presenting a rich fauna in china . [ new taxa discussed include a . amaryssa sp . nov . , a . semilucida sp . nov . , a . plana sp . nov . , m . ophrysa sp . nov . , m . nongloba sp . nov . , m . trinotata sp . nov . , and m . mysticata campana ssp . nov . ] .
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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
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xie xiao - jian1 , ren ze - jun1 , ding dong - sun1 , lin yu - jian2 ( 1 . forest pest control station of jiangxi province , nanchang , 330077 ; 2 . college of agronomy , jiangxi agriculture university , nanchang 330045 ) ; the species of lymantriidae insects from jiangxi province [ j ] ; jiangxi plant protection ; 2007 - 01
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zhen benguang1 , chen chunquang1 , zhuo chuansen1 , cheng yong1 , jia fenghai2 ( 1 . jinggang mountain national reserve management bureau , ji ' an jiangxi 343600 , china ; 2 . nanchang university , nanchan jiangxi 330031 , china ) ; lepidoptera lycaenidae new records in jiangxi [ j ] ; jiangxi forestry science and technology ; 2007 - 04
song hong - min1 , 2 , zhang qing - fen1 , han xue - mei1 , xu yan1 , 3 , xu ru - mei 1 * * ( 1 ministry of education laboratory for biodiversity science and ecological engineering , beijing normal university , beijing 100875 , china ; 2 ministry of laboratory for biological - active substances and functional food , beijing union university , beijing 100083 , china ; 3 institute of animal and plant quarantine , administry of quality supervise and inspection and quarantine , beijing 100029 , china ) ; climex : professional biological software for predicting potential distribution of species . [ j ] ; entomological knowledge ; 2004 - 04
liu yuanfu , associate professor ( the research institute of tropical forestry , caf guangzhou 510520 ) . ; the insect fauna of the jianfengling forest area , hainan island - - thyrididae [ j ] ; forest research ; 1993 - 03
ding dong - sun1 , zeng zhi - jie1 , chen chun - fa1 , lin yu - jian2 , wu he - ping3 , xu xiang - rong3 , yu ze - ping3 ( 1 . forest pest control and quarantine bureau of jiangxi , nanchang 330077 , jiangxi , china ; 2 . jiangxi agricultural university , nanchang 330045 , jiangxi , china ; 3 . guanshan mountain natural reserve in jiangxi , yifeng 336300 , jiangxi , china ) ; insect fauna analysis of guanshan mountain natural reserve in jiangxi [ j ] ; forest research ; 2009 - 03
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genetic results of embryo transfer in cattle . i . case of a closed herd
. this study aimed to determine the practical application of vascular lab studies in determining limb salvage outcomes in injured patients with concerning clinical examinations . a retrospective review of the trauma registry at a level i center was c . . .
abdulkadyrov , k . m . ; rukavitsyn , o . a . ; bessmel & apos ; tsev , s . s . ; martynkevich , i . a . ; saltykova , l . b . ; sidorova , z . iu . ; blinov , m . n . ; shcherbakova , e . g . ; shilova , e . r .
. to elucidate feasibility of accurate diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) without cytogenetic and molecular - genetic investigations as well as to specify cml diagnostic criteria , clinicohematological parameters were compared in two groups of . . .
. although their impact on global sulphur supplies is currently rather small , the smaller exporters in the arabian gulf have found a niche in markets in their locality . their contribution world - wide is expected to become increasingly significant in . . .
. a rare case of gummatous syphilis of the scalp involving underlying bones in a 50 years old male is reported . the diagnosis was confirme , d by history , clinical examination , serological and radiological findings . salient radiological features regar . . .
. in this paper , new quantitative linear ( hlf ratio : high frequency / low frequency spectral power ratio ) and non - linear parameters ( zc : zero crossing and fd : fractal dimension ) which can assist the physician in real - time decision whether a shunt is r . . .
. this study was undertaken to describe the musculoskeletal manifestations in a selected population of 26 patients with biopsy - proven osteomalacia ( om ) and provide a literature update . the 26 patients with biopsy - proven om were selected from a total . . .