myxophaga is the second smallest suborder of the coleoptera after archostemata , consisting of roughly 65 species of small to minute beetles in four families .

the members of this suborder are aquatic and semiaquatic , and feed on algae .

myxophaga

tree of life web project . 2007 . myxophaga . version 07 august 2007 ( temporary ) .
lawrence , j . f . & h . reichardt . 1991 . torridincolidae ( myxophaga ) , microsporidae ( myxophaga ) ( = sphaeriidae ) , hydroscaphidae ( myxophaga ) . immature insects , vol . 2 . ( ed . by f . w . stehr ) , pp . 302 - 304 . kendall / hunt publishing company , dubuque , iowa .
reichardt , h . , 1976 . revision of the lepiceridae ( coleoptera , myxophaga ) . papeis avulsos de zoologia , 30 : 35
reichardt , h . , 1976 . a new african torridincolid ( coleoptera , myxophaga ) . rev . zool . afr . , 90 : 209
hinton , h . e . 1969 . plastron respiration in adult beetles of the suborder myxophaga . journal of zoology , 159 , 131 - 137 .
on the systematic position of the genera lepiceroides gen . n . and haplochelus , with notes on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the myxophaga ( coleoptera )
löbl , i . ( 2003 ) suborder myxophaga , p . 25 . in : löbl , i . & smetana , a . ( eds . ) , catalogue of palaearctic coleoptera . vol . 1 . archostemata - myxophaga – adephaga . stenstrup , denmark ( apollo books ) , pp . 819–819 .
> on the systematic position of the genera lepiceroides gen . n . and haplochelus , with notes on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the myxophaga ( coleoptera )
on the systematic position of the genera lepiceroides gen . n . and haplochelus , with notes on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the myxophaga ( coleoptera ) » brill online
hinton , h . e . , 1967 . on the spiracles of the larvae of the suborder myxophaga ( coleoptera ) . australian journal of zoology , 15 : 955–959 .
hinton , h . e . 1967 . on the spiracles of the larvae of the suborder myxophaga ( coleoptera ) . australian journal of zoology , 15 , 955 - 959 .
endrody - younga , s . 1997 . microsporidae ( coleoptera : myxophaga ) , a new family for the african continent . annals of the transvaal museum 36 : 309 - 311 .
beutel , r . g . , 1999 . phylogenetic analysis of myxophaga ( coleopter ) with a redescription of lepicerus horni ( lepiceridae ) . zool . anz . , 237 [ 1998 ] : 291–308 .
löbl , i . & smetana , a . ( 2003 ) catalogue of palaearctic coleoptera . vol . 1 . archostemata - myxophaga – adephaga . stenstrup , denmark ( apollo books ) , 819 pp .
abdullah , m . , 1974 . notes of sphaeriformia abdullah , particularly torridincolidae steffan ( col . myxophaga ) . annales de la société entomologique de france ( n . s . ) , 10 : 959–962 .
beutel , r . g . , maddison , d . r . , haas , a . , 1998 . phylogenetic analysis of myxophaga ( coleoptera ) using larval characters . systematic entomology , 24 : 171–192 .
beutel , r . g . 1999 . phylogenetic analysis of myxophaga ( coleoptera ) with a redescription of lepicerus horni ( lepiceridae ) . zool . anz . , ( 1998 / 99 ) : 291 - 308 .
beutel , r . g . , d . r . maddison , and a . haas . 1999 . phylogenetic analysis of myxophaga ( coleoptera ) using larval characters . systematic entomology , 24 : 171 - 192 .
endrödy - younga , s . , 1997 . active extraction of water - dissolved oxygen and descriptions new taxa of torridincolidae ( coleoptera : myxophaga ) . annale van die transvaal museum , 36 ( 24 ) : 313
reichardt , h . , 1973 . more on myxophaga : on the morphology of scaphydra angra ( reichardt , 1971 ) ( coleoptera ) . revista brasileira de entomologia , 17 ( ! 5 ) , 109 - 110 .
reichardt , h . and s . a . vanin . , 1976 . two new torridincolidae from serra do cipo , minas gerais , brazil ( coleoptera , myxophaga ) . studia entomologica 19 ( 1–4 ) : 211–218 .
fikáček , m . & šípková , h . , 2009 . new asian hydroscapha , with comments on male - female association of co - occuring species ( coleoptera , myxophaga , hydroscaphidae ) . zootaxa , 2286 , 31–48 .
reichardt , h . & c . costa , 1967 . ptyopteryx britskii , a new neotropical genus and species of the hitherto ethiopian torridincolidae ( coleoptera , myxophaga ) . papéis avulsos zool . , são paulo , 21 : 13
reichardt , h . 1973 . a critical study of the suborder myxophaga , with a taxonomic revision of the brazilian torridincolidae and hydroscaphidae ( coleoptera ) . arquivos de zoologia , s . paulo 24 ( 2 ) : 73 - 162 .
reichardt , h . , 1973 . a critical study of the suborder myxophaga , with a taxonomic revision of the brazilian tridincolidae and hydroscaphidae ( coleoptera ) . arquivos de zoologia , s . paulo , 24 : 73–162 , 8 pls .
vanin , s . a . 1978 . ytu reichardti , a new torridincolid from serra do cipo , minas gerais , brazil ( coleoptera , myxophaga , torridincolidae ) . revista brasileira de entomologia 22 ( 1 ) : 1 - 4 .
anton , e . & r . g . beutel , 2006 . on the head morphology of lepiceridae ( coleoptera : myxophaga ) and the systematic position of the family and suborder . eur . j . entomol . , 103 : 85–95 .
kirejtshuk a . g . , poinar g . . , 2006 . haplochelidae , a new family of cretaceous beetles ( coleoptera : myxophaga ) from burmese amber . proceedings of the entomological society of washington , 108 ( 1 ) : 155 - 164 .
navarrete - heredia , j . l . , cortés - aquilar , j . & beutel , r . g . , 2005 . new findings on the enigmatic beetle family lepiceridae ( coleoptera : myxophaga ) . entomol . abh . , 62 : 193
reichardt , h . 1974 . relationships between hydroscaphidae and torridincolidae , based on larvae and pupae , with the description of the immature stages of scaphydra angra ( coleoptera , myxophaga ) . revista brasileira de entomologia , 18 ( 4 ) , 117 - 122 .
american beetles , volume i : archostemata , myxophaga , adephaga , polyphaga : staphyliniformia arnett , r . h . , jr . , and m . c . thomas . ( eds . ) . 2000 . crc press llc , boca raton , fl .
suborder myxophaga wing with base of rs vein absent ; prothorax usually with distinct notopleural suture . family hydroscaphidae ( skiff beetles ) size about 1 . 5 mm ; found in algae on rocks in streams ; sometimes placed in staphylinoidea ; generic example hydroscapha ; widely distributed .
hájek , j . & fikáček , m . , 2008 . a review of the genus satonius ( coleoptera : myxophaga : torridincolidae ) : taxonomic revision , larval morphology , notes on wing polymorphism , and phylogenetic implications . acta entomologica musei nationalis pragae , 48 , 655–676 .
shepard , w . d . , r . e . roughley and w . porras . 2005 . the natural history of lepicerus inaequalis motschulsky in costa rica , and additional morphological descriptions ( coleoptera : myxophaga : lepiceridae ) . folia entomologica mexicana , 44 supplemento 1 : 97 - 105 .
falamarzi , s . , pütz , a . , heidari , m . & nasserzadeh , h . ( 2010 ) confirmed occurrence of hydroscapha granulum in iran , with notes on its biology ( coleoptera : myxophaga : hydroscaphidae ) . acta entomologica musei nationalis pragae , 50 ( 1 ) , 97–106 .
bell , r . t . ( 2003 ) family rhysodidae , 78–79 . in : löbl , i . & smetana , a . ( eds . ) , catalogue of palaearctic coleoptera . vol . 1 . archostemata - myxophaga - adephaga . stenstrup , denmark ( apollo books ) , pp . 819–819 .
nilsson , a . n . ( 2003 ) family noteridae , 33–35 . in : löbl , i . & smetana , a . ( eds . ) , catalogue of palaearctic coleoptera . vol . 1 . archostemata - myxophaga – adephaga . stenstrup , denmark ( apollo books ) , pp . 819–819 .
mazzoldi , p . ( 2003 ) family gyrinidae . in : löbl , i . & smetana , a . ( eds . ) , catalogue of palaearctic coleoptera . vol . 1 . archostemata – myxophaga – adephaga . stenstrup , denmark ( apollo books ) , pp . 26–30 . [ 819 pp . ]
vondel , b . j . van . ( 2003 ) family haliplidae , pp . 30–33 . in : löbl , i . & smetana , a . ( eds . ) , catalogue of palaearctic coleoptera . vol . 1 . archostemata - myxophaga – adephaga . stenstrup , denmark ( apollo books ) , 819 pp .
hájek , j . , h . yoshitomi , m . fikackek , m . hayashi & f . - l . jia , 2011 . two new species of satonius endrödy - younga from china and notes on the wing polymorphism of s . kurosawai satô ( coleoptera : myxophaga : torridincolidae ) . zootaxa , 3016 : 51–62 .
short , a . e . z . , l . j . joly , m . garcía , a . wild , d . d . bloom , & d . r . maddison . 2015 . molecular phylogeny of the hydroscaphidae ( coleoptera : myxophaga ) with description of a remarkable new lineage from the guiana shield . systematic entomology 40 : 214 - 229 .
dettner , k . ( 2016 ) noteridae thomson , 1857 . in : beutel , r . g . & leschen , a . b . ( eds . ) , coleoptera , beetles . morphology and systematics . archostemata , adephaga , myxophaga , polyphaga partim , vol . 1 , 2 nd edition . in : beutel , r . g . & kristensen , n . p . ( eds . ) , handbook of zoology , arthropoda : insecta , , pp . 98–107 .
beutel , r . g . ( 2016 ) rhysodidae laporte , 1840 . in : beutel , r . g . & leschen , a . b . ( eds . ) , coleoptera , beetles . morphology and systematics . archostemata , adephaga , myxophaga , polyphaga partim , vol . 1 , 2 nd edition . in : beutel , r . g . & kristensen , n . p . ( eds . ) , handbook of zoology , arthropoda : insecta , pp . 190–197 .
vondel , b . j . van . ( 2016 ) haliplidae aubé , 1836 , pp . 89–98 . in : beutel , r . g . & leschen , a . b . ( eds . ) coleoptera , beetles . morphology and systematics . archostemata , adephaga , myxophaga , polyphaga partim , vol . 1 , 2 nd edition . in : beutel , r . g . & kristensen , n . p . ( eds . ) , handbook of zoology , arthropoda : insecta .
beutel , r . g . & arce - pérez , r . ( 2016 ) sphaeriusidae erichson , 1845 . in : beutel , r . g . & leschen a . b . ( eds . ) , coleoptera , beetles . morphology and systematics . archostemata , adephaga , myxophaga , polyphaga partim , vol . 1 , 2 nd edition . in : beutel , r . g . & kristensen , n . p . ( eds . ) , handbook of zoology , arthropoda : insecta , pp . 70–71
beutel , r . g . & roughley , r . e . ( 2016 ) gyrinidae latreille , 1810 . in : beutel , r . g . & leschen , a . b . ( eds . ) coleoptera , beetles . morphology and systematics . archostemata , adephaga , myxophaga , polyphaga partim , vol . 1 , 2 nd edition . in : beutel , r . g . & kristensen , n . p . ( eds . ) , handbook of zoology , arthropoda : insecta , pp . 80–89 .
an annotated checklist of myxophaga ( hydroscaphidae and sphaeriusidae ) and adephaga ( including gyrinidae , haliplidae , noteridae , rhysodidae ) from iran is compiled . the total number of taxa include 39 species of 15 genera . the family haliplidae is represented by 15 species , gyrinidae by 12 species , noteridae by seven species , rhysodidae by three species , and hydroscaphidae and sphaeriusidae by one species each . two species , gyrinus ( gyrinus ) dejeani brullé 1832 ( gyrinidae ) and haliplus ( haliplidius ) confinis stephens 1828 ( haliplidae ) are new records for the fauna of iran .
vanin , s . a . , beutel , r . g . & arce - pérez , r . ( 2016 ) hydroscaphidae leconte , 1874 . in : beutel , r . g . & leschen , a . b . ( eds . ) , coleoptera , beetles . morphology and systematics . archostemata , adephaga , myxophaga , polyphaga partim , vol . 1 , 2 nd edition . in : beutel , r . g . & kristensen , n . p . ( eds . ) , handbook of zoology , arthropoda : insecta , pp . 71–75 .
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lawrence , j . f . , and a . f . newton , jr . / pakaluk , james , and stanislaw adam slipinski , eds .
biology , phylogeny , and classification of coleoptera : papers celebrating the 80th birthday of roy a . crowson , vol . 2
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synonymy of two genus - group names is substantiated : tricholicinus poppius , 1912 ( type species : tricholicinus setosus j . r . sahlberg , 1880 ) = martyr semenov et znojko , 1929 ( type species : martyr praeteritorum semenov et znojko , 1929 ) , syn . n . and psammodromius peyerimhoff , 1927 ( type species : psammodromius noctivagus peyerimhoff , 1927 ) = xanthomelina iablokoff - khnzorian , 1964 ( type species : apristus zajtzewi eichler , 1924 ) , syn . n . synonymy of the following names of the species - group taxa is established : calosoma ( callisthenes ) elegans ( kirsch , 1859 ) = c . ( callisthenes ) declive ( dohrn , 1884 ) , syn . n . , lectotype of the latter is designated ; carabus ( semnocarabus ) erosus erosus motschulsky , 1866 = c . ( semnocarabus ) erosus karascharensis ( eidam , 1931 ) , syn . n . , lectotype of the latter is designated ; c . ( semnocarabus ) cicatricosulus pseudoerosus mandl , 1955 = c . ( semnocarabus ) bogdanowi semnocosulus deuve et tian , 2013 , syn . n . ; chlaenius ( dinodes ) viridis ( ménétriés , 1832 ) = ch . pallidicornis ballion , 1871 , syn . n . ; licinus ( tricholicinus ) setosus ( j . r . sahlberg , 1880 ) = licinus mongolicus reitter , 1900 , syn . n . = martyr praeteritorum semenov et znojko , 1929 , syn . n . = martyr alter semenov et znojko , 1929 , syn . n . ; psammodromius zajtzewi ( eichler , 1924 ) , comb . n . ( transferred from the genus xanthomelina iablokoff - khnzorian , 1964 ) = psammodromius pallidicolor ( mandl , 1973 ) , syn . n . = psammodromius damanabii morvan , 1977 , syn . n . calosoma ( callisthenes ) rostislavi semenov , 1906 , stat . resurr . is resurrected from synonyms of c . ( callisthenes ) declive ( dohrn , 1884 ) .
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high - level phylogeny of the coleoptera inferred with mitochondrial genome sequences . - pubmed - ncbi
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yuan ml 1 , zhang ql 2 , zhang l 2 , guo zl 2 , liu yj 2 , shen yy 2 , shao r 3 .
state key laboratory of grassland agro - ecosystems , college of pastoral agricultural science and technology , lanzhou university , lanzhou , gansu 730020 , people ' s republic of china . electronic address : yuanml @ lzu . edu . cn .
state key laboratory of grassland agro - ecosystems , college of pastoral agricultural science and technology , lanzhou university , lanzhou , gansu 730020 , people ' s republic of china .
genecology research centre , faculty of science , health , education and engineering , university of the sunshine coast , maroochydore , queensland 4556 , australia .
the head morphology of clambidae and its implications for the phylogeny of scirtoidea ( coleoptera : polyphaga ) . - pubmed - ncbi
the head morphology of clambidae and its implications for the phylogeny of scirtoidea ( coleoptera : polyphaga ) .
institut für spezielle zoologie und evolutionsbiologie , fsu jena , jena , 07743 , germany .
biological faculty , department of entomology , lomonosov moscow state university , leninskie gory 1 - 12 , moscow , russia .
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dr . short ' s research program centers on elucidating the diversity , biology , and evolutionary history of aquatic beetles .
miller , k . b . , and a . e . z . short . 2015 . belladessus n . gen . from venezuela & suriname with two new species b . femineus n . sp . and b . puella n . sp . ( coleoptera : dytiscidea : hydroporinae : bidessini ) : parthenogenetic diving beetles ? coleopterists bulletin 69 : 498 - 503 .
short , a . e . z . , and c . e . mcintosh , iv . 2015 . hydrophilus harpe sp . nov . , a remarkable new species of giant water scavenger beetle from brazil ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) . acta entomologica musei nationalis pragae 55 : 665 - 671 .
fikacek , m . m . maruyama , t . komatsu , c . von beeren , d . vondracek , a . e . z . short , 2015 . protosternini ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) corroborated as monophyletic and its larva described for the first time : a review of the myrmecophilous genus . invertebrate systematics 29 : 23 - 36 .
mckenna , d . d . , b . d . farrell , m . s . caterino , c . w . farnum , d . c . hawks , d . r . maddison , a . e . seago , a . e . z . short , a . f . newton , & m . k . thayer . 2014 . phylogeny and evolution of the staphyliniformia and scarabaeiformia : forest litter as a stepping - stone for diversification of non - phytophagous beetles . systematic page 3 of 15 entomology doi : 10 . 1111 / syen . 12093 .
short , a . e . z . & m . garcía . 2014 . a new genus of egg case - carrying water scavenger beetle from the guiana shield ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae : acidocerinae ) . zootaxa 3835 : 251–262 .
bloom , d . d . , m . fikácek , & a . e . z . short . 2014 . clade age and diversification rate variation determine species richness patterns in aquatic beetle lineages . plos one 9 ( 6 ) : e98430 . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone
short , a . e . z . & c . e . mcintosh * * . 2014 . review and distribution of the giant water scavenger beetle genus hydrophilus geoffory of the united states and canada ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) . coleopterists bulletin 68 : 187–198 .
short , a . e . z . , l . greene * * , & m . garcía . 2013 . new species and new records of the hygropetric water beetle genus oocyclus sharp from south america ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) . zootaxa 3741 : 349–358 .
jia , f . l . & a . e . z . short . 2013 . enochrus algarum sp . nov . , a new hygropetric water scavenger beetle from china ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae : enochrinae ) . acta entomologica musei nationalis pragae 53 : 609–614 .
fikácek , m . , m . maruyama , d . vondracek , & a . e . z . short . 2013 . chimaerocyon gen . nov . , a morphologically aberrant myrmecophilous genus of water scavenger beetle ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae : sphaeridiinae ) . zootaxa 3716 : 277–288 .
short , a . e . z . 2013 . aquatic beetles of the grensgebergte and kasikasima regions , suriname ( insecta : coleoptera ) . rap bulletin of biological assessment 67 : 79–89 .
short , a . e . z . & m . fikácek . 2013 . molecular phylogeny , evolution , and classification of the hydrophilidae ( coleoptera ) . systematic entomology 38 : 723–752 .
description of cymbiodyta orientalis sp . n . , the first species of the genus from the oriental region ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae )
description of hydrobius orientalis sp . n . , the first species of the subtribe hydrobiusina from the oriental region ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae : hydrophilini )
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includes information about u . s . species of sphaerius , including sem images of s . texanus . full text
contributed by edward l . ruden on 22 august , 2015 - 5 : 42pm
price , p . w . & m . f . willson . 1979 . abundance of herbivores on six milkweed species in illinois . american midland naturalist 101 ( 1 ) : 76–86 .
asclepias incarnata , a . sullivantii , a . syriaca , a . verticillata , a . amplexicaulis
. these species occur in this order on a moisture gradient from wet to dry soil conditions . this survey revealed that 12 species occurred at an abundance of at least one individual per 100 host stems in 1 plot - year on one host species :
oncopeltus fasciatus * , lygaeus kalmii * , aphis nerii * , labidomera clivicollis * , tetraopes tetrophthalmus * , t . femoratus , t . quinquemaculatus , rhyssomatus lineaticollis * , danaus plexippus , cycnia tenera * , euchaetias egle
are specific to milkweeds in illinois . seven of these species , marked with asterisks , were abundant enough to act as major selective forces on the life history patterns of the milkweed species , populations and clones concerned .
) in south - east michigan are correlated with differences in microhabitat , in exposure to herbivores , and in competition . components of each species ' reproductive strategy include : number of stems per plants , number of umbels per stem , number of flowers and pods per umbel , number of seeds per pod , seed weight and annual increase in reproductive potential . components of each species ' selective regime include : the herbivore load ( measured by the frequency of plants damaged by predators or animal parasites ) , competition ( measured by the proportion of non - flowering plants and by the density of competitors ) , and environmental uncertainty ( measured by annual mortality rates ) .
by dailey , p . j . , r . c . graves and j . m . kingsolver .
the coleopterists bulletin , 32 ( 3 ) : 223 - 229 . , 1978
dailey , p . j . , r . c . graves and j . m . kingsolver . 1978 . survey of coleoptera collected on the common milkweed ,
, at one site in ohio . the coleopterists bulletin , 32 ( 3 ) : 223 - 229 .
l . , were collected daily for 90 consecutive days . of the 132 species listed , 18 were considered to be common ( 50 or more collected ) while the majority of species were considered temporary visitors . the host specific milkweed beetle , [ i ] tetraopes tetr
by fall , h . f . and t . d . a . cockerell .
full text fall , h . f . and t . d . a . cockerell . 1907 . the coleoptera of new mexico . transactions of the american entomological society 33 : 145 - 272 .
full text knull , j . n . 1938 . five new species of coleoptera ( corynetidae , elateridae and buprestidae ) . ohio journal of science 38 : 97 - 100 .
arce - pérez , r . & novelo - guiérrez , r . , 1988 . primer registro de lepicerus bufo ( hinton , 1934 ) ( coleoptera : lepiceridae ) para el estado de morelos , méxico . folia entomol . mex . , 75 : 156–158 .
bertrand , h . , 1962 . contribution à l étude des premiers états des coléoptères aquatiques de la région éthiopienne ( 4e note ) . bulletin de l’institut français d’afrique noire , 24 : 1065–1114 .
beutel , r . g . , 1998 . torridincolidae : ii . description of the larva of satonius kurosawai ( satô , 1982 ) ( coleoptera ) , p . 53–59 . – in jäch , m . a . & ji , l . ( eds . ) : water beetles of china . vol . ii . –wien : zoologisch - botanische gesellschaft in österreich and wiener coleopterologenverein , 371 pp .
beutel , r . g . and g . b . raffaini , 2003 . first record of sphaeriusidae for argentina . koleopterologische rundschau 73 : 1 - 6 .
britton , e . b . , 1966 . the larva of sphaerius and the systematic position of the shaeriidae ( coleoptera ) . australian journal of zoology , 14 : 1193–1198 .
crowson , r . a . , 1955 . the natural classification of the families of coleoptera . nathaniel lloyd , london , 187 pp . , 212 figs .
freude , h . , 1971 . 20 . familie : shaeriidae . in : freude , h . , harde , k . w . & a . lohse : die käfer mitteleuropas . band 3 . goecke & evers , krefeld .
py - daniel and u . c . barbosa . 1991 . uma nova especie de hintonia reichardt , 1973 da amazonica brasileira ( coleoptera , torridincolidae ) . revista brasileira de entomologia 35 ( 2 ) : 293–295 .
hayashi , m . , 2007 . distributional records and ecological notes on aquatic coleoptera of shimane prefecture . bulletin of the hoshizaki green fondation , ( 10 ) : 77
hayashi , m . & h . kadowaki , 2007 . records on aquatic coleoptera from ribers in and around mt . daisen , tottori prefecture , japan . bulletin of the hoshizaki green fondation , ( 10 ) : 149
hayashi , m . & j . fujiwara , 2007 . [ records on aquatic coleoptera of yakushima , kagoshima prefecture , japan ] . coleopterists’ news , ( 159 ) : 7
hinton , h . e . , 1934 . two coleopterous families new to mexico . pan pacific entomologist , 9 : 160 - 162 .
international committee of zoological nomenclature . 2000 . opinion 1957 , sphaerius waltl , 1838 ( insecta , coleoptera ) : conserved ; and sphaeriidae erichson , 1845 ( coleoptera ) : spelling emended to sphaeriusidae , so removing the homonymy with sphaeriidae deshayes , 1854 ( 1820 ) ( mollusca , bivalvia ) . bulletin of zoological nomenclature 57 ( 3 ) : 182 - 184 .
jäch , m . a . , 1998 . annotated check list of aquatic and riparoan / littoral beetle families of the world , p . 25–42 . – in jäch , m . a . & ji , l . ( eds . ) : water beetles of china . vol . ii . –wien : zoologisch - botanische gesellschaft in österreich and wiener coleopterologenverein , 371 pp .
jäch , m . a . , 1998 . torridincolidae : i . first record of torridincolidae from china ( coleoptera ) , p . 51–52 . – in jäch , m . a . & ji , l . ( eds . ) : water beetles of china . vol . ii . –wien : zoologisch - botanische gesellschaft in österreich and wiener coleopterologenverein , 371 pp .
jäch , m . a . , 1999 . case 3052 . sphaerius waltl , 1838 and sphaeriusidae erichson , 1845 ( insecta , coleoptera ) : proposed conservation by the partial revocation of opinion 1331 . bulletin of zoological nomenclature 56 ( 2 ) : 117 - 120 .
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matthews , a . , 1899 . a monograph of the coleopterous families coryphidae and sphaeriidae . p . b . masson , london , 220 pp .
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satô , m . , 1982 . discovery of torridincolidae ( coleoptera ) in japan . annotationes zoologicae japonenses , 55 ( 4 ) : 276–283 .
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new data on the distribution of the ground beetle eremosphodrus ( s . str . ) rotundicollis ( reitter , 1894 ) ( coleoptera , carabidae ) | springerlink
new data on the distribution of the ground beetle eremosphodrus ( s . str . ) rotundicollis ( reitter , 1894 ) ( coleoptera , carabidae )
data on the distribution of eremosphodrus ( s . str . ) rotundicollis ( reitter , 1894 ) are discussed . the species is recorded for the territory of uzbekistan for the first time ( termez district of surkhan - darya province ) .
this article was originally submitted by the authors in russian and is first published in translation .
anufriev , g . a . and rakhimov , t . u . , “the joint russia–uzbekistan entomological expedition of 2014 to the arid areas of uzbekistan , ”
atamuradov , kh . i . and kryzhanovskij , o . l . , “the contribution to the fauna and ecology of ground beetles of badkhyz ( coleoptera , carabidae ) , ”
( musaeo regionale di scienze naturali , torino , 1988 ) , p . 1024 .
, ed . by löbl , i . and smetana , a . ( apollo books , stenstrup , 2003 ) , pp . 532–544 .
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( nauka , moscow , leningrad , 1987 ) [ in russian ] , p . 419 .
kryzhanovskij , o . l . and atamuradov , kh . i . , “a review of the fauna of ground beetles ( coleoptera , carabidae ) of the western kopet - dagh and its zoogeographical characters , ”
a checklist of the ground - beetles of russia and adjacent lands ( insecta , coleoptera , carabidae ) . series faunistica , no 3
( pensoft publishers , sofia , moscow , 1995 ) , p . 271 .
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1 departamento de zoología y antropología física . facultad de veterinaria , universidad de murcia . 30071 murcia , spain
this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
a new species of the genus parazuphium ( coleoptera , carabidae , zuphiini ) , parazuphium aguilerai sp . n . , is described from the tingitan peninsula in north morocco . the only known specimen was found under a large deeply buried boulder , and belongs to an anophthalmous , depigmented and flattened species . this is the second species of blind parazuphium known so far , the other being parazuphium feloi machado 1998 from a lava tube in the canary islands . molecular data of the only known parazuphium aguilerai sp . n . specimen are provided , and a reconstructed phylogeny based on these molecular data confirms its inclusion inside zuphiini within harpalinae . identification keys to the mediterranean and macaronesian species of parazuphium are provided .
the species of the genus seem to be associated with deep soil or the soil crevices near rivers or temporary flooded areas ( baehr 1985 , machado 1992 ) , and generally show a flattened habitus , some degree of depigmentation and microphthalmy . some species are known from caves , one of them being the only previously known blind species of the genus ( parazuphium feloi machado , from the canary islands ) ( machado 1998 ) .
during an entomological expedition to north morocco we found the single specimen of a new species of parazuphium , anophthalmous and with strong modifications apparently related to its endogean habitat . despite an attempt to collect additional material the following year no other specimen was found , possibly due to the endogean habits of this species . we describe the species here , and provide some molecular data to characterize it and to postulate its phylogenetic position among the zuphiini for which genetic data are available ( ribera et al . 2006 ) .
the unique specimen was killed and stored in absolute ethanol in the field , and total dna was extracted using the qiagen dneasy tissue kit ( qiagen , hilden , germany ) , without destroying the external cuticle . the extracted specimen was mounted in dmhf ( dimethyl hydantoin - formaldehyde ) on a transparent acetate label . for the morphological study and photographs we used a zeiss stemi 2000c trinocular zoom stereomicroscope with spot insight firewire digital camera and software .
sp . n . was extracted using qiagen dneasy tissue kit ( qiagen , hilden , germany ) . to characterize the new species we amplified fragments of six genes , four mitochondrial and two nuclear : 3 ' end of cytochrome c oxidase subunit (
) , which were amplified for the same molecular gene fragments . pcr reactions were made using puretaq ready - to - go pcr beads ( ge healthcare , uk ) and standard conditions [ 39 cycles using 48–50°c as annealing temperature ] . new sequences have been deposited in genbank ( ncbi ) with acc . nos
. each individual gene matrix was aligned in mafft with the q - ins - i option and default parameters . the four genes fragments were concatenated to get a final dataset of 20 taxa and 3376 bp that was employed in phylogenetic analyses .
primers used in the study . f , forward ; r , reverse . length refers to the aligned matrix .
species , locality of collection , voucher reference and accession numbers for each sequence .
bayesian phylogenetic analyses ( ba ) were performed with mrbayes v . 3 . 1 . ( huelsenbeck and ronquist 2001 , ronquist and huelsenbeck 2003 ) , partitioning by gene with a gtr + g model applied to each partition . two independent runs of 20 , 000 , 000 generations were conducted , each with three hot and one cold chain , whereby trees were sampled every 100 generations . sampled trees were analysed with tracer v . 1 . 5 ( rambaut and drummond 2007 ) and their half compact consensus tree was calculated with a burning value of 10 % with node posterior probabilities used as support values , checking for an appropriate degree of convergence between chains with the effective sample size in tracer v . 1 . 5 . mrbayes was run on - line at the freely available computational service of bioportal ( www . bioportal . uio . no ) . trees were visualized in figtree v . 1 . 3 . 1 ( rambaut 2008 ) .
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : b4718866 - da9e - 4096 - 9291 - a38e90fd7a0a
line drawing ofhabitus of parazuphium aguilerai sp . n . total length 2 . 7 mm .
photographic images of parazuphium aguilerai sp . n . a whole specimen b head in dorso - lateral view c labial palpus ; ( d ) , maxillary palpus c antenna f margin of left elytron in lateral view g margin of right elytron , detail for anterior umbilicate setae , numbers 1 to 5 h margin of right elytron , detail of posterior umbilicate setae , numbers 6 to10 , arrows over them point other smaller setae i–n details of anterior , median and posterior legs respectively .
photographic image of median lobe of parazuphium aguilerai sp . n . left lateral aspect .
holotype : 1♂ , “morocco 28 - iii - 2008 / souk - khemis - des - anjra , tetuan / 123m n35°43 ' 18
w5°31 ' 23
/ andújar , hernando , ribera & aguilera leg .
; voucher number label “31 _ en
; plus red holotype label . type specimen mounted in dmhf in a transparent acetate label , genitalia dissected and mounted in dmhf in a separate label pinned with the specimen . deposited in the museu de ciències naturals de barcelona ( mcnb ) , dna aliquots deposited in the ibe ( csic ) and univ . murcia ( zafumu col . ) .
total length 2 . 7 mm ( from apex of mandible to apex of elytra ) . body depressed , flattened , light brown (
) . first antennomere ( 0 . 41mm ) as long as antennomeres 2–4 combined ( 0 . 37 mm ) (
length of holotype : 2 . 7 mm . body depressed , flattened and depigmented , light brown . surface microreticulate , with mesh pattern regular polygonal ( observed on the dried specimen ) and scattered short setae .
) . length of head ( from apex of mandible to base ) 0 . 63 mm ; maximum width close to base ( 0 . 51 mm ) . surface microreticulate , microlines deeper on sides . neck pedunculate . with three long setae , two lateral and one basal . appendages : antennae (
) with first antennomere ( 0 . 41mm ) as long as total length of antennomeres 2–3 - 4 together ( 0 . 37 mm ) ; second antennomere pedunculate ( 0 . 1 mm ) , slightly shorter than third ( 0 . 13 mm ) and fourth ( 0 . 14 mm ) ; from fifth to tenth with same length ( 0 . 16–0 . 17 mm ) ; last antennomere longer ( 0 . 23mm ) . antennomeres from 3° to 11° cylindrical . labial and maxillary palpi as in
) , longer ( 0 . 60 mm ) than wide ( 0 . 51–0 . 27 mm ) , maximum width ( 0 . 51 mm ) close to anterior angles , almost double minimum width ( 0 . 27 mm ) , at the posterior angles . anterior angles obtuse , rounded . anterior margin regularly convex . median line apparent , marked with two depressions . two lateral setae at anterior and posterior angles . lateral margin sinuate before posterior angles .
) flattened , short , not totally covering abdomen , wider apically ( maximum width , 0 . 90mm , close to apex ) ; width at humeral angle 0 . 65mm . punctuation forming longitudinal series , more evident at basal third , disappearing towards apex . entire surface with short pubescence . anterior umbilicate series with 5 spatuliform setae (


triphysa dohrnii is a butterfly of the family nymphalidae .

it is found in russia ( the southern altai mountains , tuva , transbaikalia ) , north-western china and mongolia .

the habitat consists of mountainous steppe up to altitudes of 2,400 meters .

adults are on wing from june to july .

triphysa dohrnii

triphysa nervosa motschulsky , 1866 = triphysa albovenosa erschoff , 1885 = triphysa dohrnii = triphysa albovensa .
- coenonympha ( triphysa ) dohrnii : unclear if in western palearctic , from eastern slopes of ural eastwards .
· similar species . t . dohrnii : fringes white ; uns ocelli developed .
triphysa phryne var . glacialis bang - haas , 1912 ; dt . ent . z . iris 26 ( 2 ) : 105 ; tl : arasagun - gol
id : 291111 original name : triphysa dohrnii . jpg size 750x562 - 99365 bytes image manager : tomáš vrána directory : 2129 created : 2016 - 04 - 29 09 : 40 : 18 - user ondřej zicha url : urltoken text function : [ [ i : 291111 ; image ] ] , [ [ it : 291111 ] ] ( thumbnail )
ganzha , e . a . ( 2012 ) . frina triphysa phryne pallas , 1771 . red data book of tambov region . tambov , 150 ( in russian ) .
triphysa phryne ; [ bru ] , 197 ; [ bow ] : pl . 204 , f . 17 , 19 ; [ mrs ] , 406 ; [ baru , # 224 ] ; [ otakar kudrna ]
· distribution and variation . until recently , this species has been confused with t . phryne . the taxa striatula elwes , 1899 from the altai and glacialis a . bang - haas , 1912 from the sayan mts . probably belong to t . dohrnii .
anikin , v . v . ( 2006 ) . triphysa phryne ( pallas , 1771 ) . red data book of saratov area . mushrooms , lichens , plants and animals . saratov , 305 - 306 ( in russian ) .
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· type locality .
. . . aus dem sudlichen russland
[ probably s . siberia ] .
· range . the s . altai mts . , tuva , transbaikalia , nw . china , mongolia .
· habitat and biology . steppe habitats up to 2 , 400 m a . s . l . in the mountains . flight period : june - july .
· similar species . t . phryne : uns ocelli with white dots ; unh white stripe in cell smaller and sharply defined . t . nervosa : fringes dark grey ; uns ocelli reduced .
photo and text : guide to the butterflies of russia and adjacent territories volume 1 . pensoft , sofia - moscow . 1997
phryne herrich - schäffer , [ 1844 ] ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 1 ( 5 ) : 90 ; ts : papilio tircis stoll
papilio tircis stoll , [ 1782 ] ; in cramer , uitl . kapellen 4 ( 32 - 32 ) : 166 , pl . 373 , f . d , e
n . transuralia , s . siberia ( mountains ) , e . siberia , amurland , far east , korea , n . china , ne , china , mongolia . see [ maps ]
561x556 ( ~ 66kb ) underside female alternating highland dwarf birch ( betula rotundifolia ) and kobresia myosuroides tundras on a ledge of the southerm principle slope of the yuzhno - chuiskii mountain range between the chikty and akbul rivulets , 2300 m above sea level , the upper dzhazator river basin , kosh - agach district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 10th july 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , 1843 ( - 1855 ) , die tagfalter
zeller , 1850 zwei neue tagfalter stettin . ent . ztg . 11 : 308 - 313
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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regions of russia : eastern yakutia , gorno - altai , transbaikalia , western yakutia , the lower amur , of baikal , pribaikalskiy , primorye , sakhalin , the north okhotsk , mid - amur , average okhotsk , sredneobskaya , tuva , chukotka , south yakutia .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
search scope all # # search . author # # title abstract index terms full text
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bozano , g . c . ( 2002 ) . satyrinae . part iii . tribe satyrini , subtribes melanargiina and coenonymphina . guide to the butterflies of the palearctic region . milano : omnes artes , 71 p .
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dubatolov , v . v . , mutin , v . a . , novomodnyi , e . v . & dolgikh , a . m . ( 2010 ) . distributional limits of butterflies ( insecta , lepidoptera , hesperioidea , papilionoidea ) of the subboreal and the southern components of the temperate complexes within lower amur . amurian zoological journal , 2 ( 3 ) , 253−275 ( in russian ) .
elwes , h . j . ( 1899 ) . on the lepidoptera of the altai mountains . transaction entomological society london , 47 ( 3 ) , 295–367 .
gorbunov , p . yu . ( 1992 ) . butterflies of middle taiga of sos’vinskoe priob’e . okhrana i izuchenie redkikh i ischezayushikh vidiv zhivotnykh v zapovednikah . moscow , 13–16 ( in russian ) .
gorbunov , p . yu . ( 2011 ) . macrolepidoptera of deserts and steppe of western kazakhstan . ekaterinburg : i . p . lisicina , 190 p . ( in russian ) .
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grum - grshimailo , g . ( 1899 ) . description of a journey in west - china , ii . through bei - shan and nan - shan and in the yellow river valley . st . petersburg , 445 p . ( in russian ) .
hemming , f . ( 1967 ) . the generic names of the butterflies and their type - species ( lepidoptera : rhopalocera ) . bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) entomology , suppl . 9 , 3–509 .
herz , o . ( 1903a ) . lepidopteren - ausbeute der lena - expedition von b . poppius in jahre 1901 . öfversigt af finska vetenskaps - societetens fürhandlingar , 45 ( 15 ) , 1–22 .
herz , o . ( 1903b ) . verzeichnis der auf der mammuth - expedition gesammelten lepidopteren . annuiare du musée zoologique de l’académie impériale des sciences de st . - pétersbourg , 8 , 61–87 .
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kodandaramaiah , u . , peсa , c . , braby , m . f . , grund , r . , müller , c . j . , nylin , s . & wahlberg , n . ( 2010 ) . phylogenetics of coenonymphina ( nymphalidae : satyrinae ) and the problem of rooting rapid radiations . molecular phylogenetics & evolution , 54 , 386–394 .
korb , s . k . , bolshakov , l . v . ( 2011a ) . to the knowledge of systematic of palaearctic satyrids from the genus coenonympha hübner , [ 1819 ] ( lepidoptera : satyridae ) . eversmannia , 27 - 28 , 7–21 ( in russian ) .
korb , s . k . , bolshakov , l . v . ( 2011b ) . a catalogue of butterflies ( lepidoptera : papilionoformes ) of the former ussr . second edition , reformatted and updated . eversmannia , suppl . 2 , 121 p . ( in russian ) .
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korshunov , yu . p . ( 1996 ) . addition and correction to the book “the diurnal lepidoptera of asiatic part of russia” . novosibirsk : eta grp . , 66 p ( in russian ) .
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koshkin , e . s . , novomodnyi , e . v . & streltsov , a . n . ( 2007 ) . fauna of the butterflies ( lepidoptera , diurna ) of ezop and dusse - alin mts ( northern amur region ) . a . i . kurentsov’s annual memorial meetings , 18 , 74–87 ( in russian ) .
kosterin , o . e . , knyazev , s . a . , poteiko , a . a . , ponomarev , k . b . , kosheleva , t . f . & teploukhov , v . yu . ( 2007 ) . new records of butterflies ( lepidoptera , rhopalocera ) in omskaya and tomskaya oblast’ . euroasian entomological journal , 6 ( 4 ) , 473–482 ( in russian ) .
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kuznetsov , g . v . ( 2009 ) . materials to study of papilionoidea butterflies ( lepidoptera ) from volgograd region . caucasian entomological bulletin , 5 ( 2 ) , 257–267 ( in russian ) .
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dear friends ! now i am in expedition and catch new materials . i will return 30 july . i can send parcels and answer for questions only after 30 july .
hemaris radians 7 males russia , s . buryatia sphingidae ! price for each !
lycaena helle phintonis 11p , 11m lycaenidae , e . sayan mts , price for each
№3 pterophoridae sp . 74 ex ( a1 , a - ) russia s . buryatia
hypermnestra helios maxima 3p , 20m papilionidae s . tajikistan ! price for each !
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200 satyridae ( 25 - 30 species ) - ex - ussr ( ukraine , caucasus , central asia , siberia , far east ) - on cotton , quality a2 - and b . . . 150
100 erebia ( 12 - 15 species ) - ex - ussr - on cotton , quality a2 - and b . . . . . 140
100 satyridae ( 10 species ) - afghanistan - on cotton , quality b . . . . . 350
distributed from the balkan over turkey to the caucasus from 500 - 2000m , from hilly grasslands to subalpine zone .
there are several opinions on the status of this taxon , from being a subspecies of c . gardetta , a subspecies of c . leander to a species on its own . an article debating this can be found here .
a lowland species , mostly found < 500m , has declined seriously in europe . mostly found in wet grasslands , hence water management probably being one of the main reasons for the decline .
until the early nineties this species had a population in the south of belgium . changes in forest management , water level management , nitrification and maybe climate change have however induced a massive decline in the western distribution of this species so that nowadays - apart from a few populations in the very east of france - it has almost disappeared from france as well .
a species that has declined massively in nw - europe and has disappeared from belgium and parts of the netherlands and northern france . reasons for decline are probably a combination of nitrification , water level management , climate change , . . .
i have only seen it once in northern austria on a windy day so butterflies were difficult to get close by so i only have this vague picture . a variable species with lots of described local forms . the form depicted here is c . tullia tiphon .
the balkan mountain replacement of previous species and in debate if a species on its own . subalpine to alpine .
to be found in the western mediterranean area from central italy over the south of france and iberia to northwestern africa .
closely related to previous species and nowadays mostly seen as a subspecies of corsican heath . it is restricted to elba and some smaller islands but can also be found on the opposing tuscan coast where i could see the species .
species fromt the western palearctic still missing in this list are mainly far eastern species , island specialties and species from northern africa . all species i hope to see in the future . . .
all pictures ( c ) pieter vantieghem unless otherwise stated . simple theme . powered by blogger .
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jan van tol general coordinator ncb barcoding ncb naturalis email : jan . vantol @ urltoken
vincent robert coordinator ncb barcoding part iii cbs - knaw email : v . robert @ urltoken
· type locality . unknown , probably the amur region . in the original description , the indication of
japan
as the type locality is wrong , because this species does not occur there .
· range . n . siberia to the chukot peninsula ; transbaikalia , the far east , the amur and ussuri regions ; from mongolia across n . china to n . korea .
· distribution and variation . the nominate subspecies is distributed in transbaikalia and the amur region ; in yakutia - ssp . sacha korshunov , 1996 ; the northern areas ( the magadan region and the chukot peninsula ) are populated by the ssp . tscherskii grum - grshimailo , 1899 .
· habitat and biology . the nominate form flies over plains with steppe and forest - steppe vegetation , while the ssp . tscherskii is found in light coniferous forests and tundras of ne . siberia . host plant ( gorbunov , korshunov , 1995 ) : carex . flight period : may - june , in the mountains june - july .