inferno ( 1902 – 1919 ) was a canadian thoroughbred racehorse .

he has been called " canada 's first great racehorse " by the canadian horse racing hall of fame .

inferno ( horse )

inferno ( de _ inferno ) is a bomb defusal map featured in the counter - strike series .
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blazing inferno was sired by red giant out of the dam margravine blazing inferno was foaled on 26 of september in 2011 .
blazing inferno has a 4 % win percentage and 13 % place percentage . blazing inferno ' s last race event was at kilcoy .
in the revamped version , the street sign
corso inferno
can be found near middle , meaning
inferno avenue
in italian .
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for kerang inferno . kerang inferno is a filly born in 2011 october 14 by desert king out of little honeypot
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for royal inferno . royal inferno is a mare born in 2009 october 30 by due sasso out of royal spark
the world / inferno friendship society - canonize philip k . dick , ok ?
no venue information could be found for inferno ( nz ) ( nz ) .
no class information could be found for inferno ( nz ) ( nz ) .
no jockey information could be found for inferno ( nz ) ( nz ) .
no track information could be found for inferno ( nz ) ( nz ) .
no prize information could be found for inferno ( nz ) ( nz ) .
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for blazing inferno ( nzl ) . blazing inferno ( nzl ) is a gelding born in 2011 september 26 by red giant out of margravine
the current race record for blazing inferno ( nzl ) is 1 wins from 24 starts .
we didn ' t know what kind of horse he was going to be , but after that we knew we had a good horse ,
carreno said .
blazing inferno is a 5 year old bay gelding . blazing inferno is trained by f n phillips , at sunshine coast and owned by ms m j adams - smith & g j jones .
hero farmer kym “freddy” curnow was also killed as he tried to warn others away from the inferno .
welcome to horseracing . com . au , australia ' s premier site for horse racing news .
blazing inferno ' s exposed form for its last starts is 0 - 9 - 0 - 8 - 2 .
blazing inferno’s last race event was at 20 / 08 / 2016 and it has not been nominated for any upcoming race .
the tragic scene where the three europeans died after their vehicle and horse float rolled over in the raging fire .
i wasn ' t surprised the way he ran ,
hernandez said of conquest mo money ' s maiden win .
he was a nice horse . but after the next race—now i know i have a horse .
illustration of running fire horse on white background . royalty free cliparts , vectors , and stock illustration . image 23236280 .
illustration of running blue fire horse on white background . royalty free cliparts , vectors , and stock illustration . image 23236277 .
the large fountain in the harmonia gardens set was reused in the towering inferno ( 1974 ) . it can be seen in the top floor restaurant . in the towering inferno ( 1974 ) , it is knocked over by the water and kills the bartender played by gregory sierra .
british man tom butcher , 31 , norwegian anna winther , 29 , and a german woman , julia , 19 , died when their vehicle towing a horse float was caught in flames as they tried to flee the property and rescue a horse in the process .
blazing inferno career form is 1 wins , 1 seconds , 1 thirds from 24 starts with a lifetime career prize money of $ 14 , 900 .
inferno ( can ) b . h , 1902 { 40 } dp = 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ( 0 ) di = inf cd = inf
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in the sound files , a sound called
de _ inferno _ children . wav
can be found . [ 1 ] it was added before the haloween 2016 update and contain unused spooky children laughing sound .
on a break from filming , walter matthau and michael crawford visited a nearby racetrack and saw a horse named hello dolly . matthau refused to place a bet on it because it reminded him of barbra streisand , whom he detested . crawford placed a bet on the horse . it won the race , and matthau refused to speak to crawford for the rest of the shoot unless absolutely necessary .
ulysses : greek hero famous for his cunning ; he helped to devise the trojan horse . according to dante , ulysses went on another journey after he returned home , sailing to the most distant west and south
* * inferno will be showing at the ride & slide in tulsa 3 / 6 - 3 / 11 , the nrbc 4 / 12 - 4 / 22 , and the nrha derby . during this time frozen semen only will be available . * *
in the scene where we see an ancient battle taking place and see soldiers riding through the fighting on horseback , the extras and actors were prepped on the action , and kept a trail clear for the horses to pass through . plastic horses were placed throughout the background to represent dead horses . the riders were stuntmen who were adept at rearing the horses . in the scene where we see a horse fall backwards , production used a fake horse for that scene .
i asked miguel , ' why ' d that horse beat you up ? you ' re supposed to be the best , '
hernandez remembered .
he just said , ' i couldn ' t keep up . '
the local horse seemed cooked as the doug o ' neill - trained california invader came up on the outside , but conquest mo money showed his grit , dug in on the inside , and put away irap to win by two lengths .
they tested him in the sunland derby . he had a terrible post , a terrible trip into the first turn , and i ' m a big uncle mo fan ,
casse said .
i called up ( brother and bloodstock agent ) justin ( casse ) to see if we could buy that horse . i have no problem giving somebody a profit if they ' re doing something right , but they didn ' t want to sell . i knew that horse could run .
honestly , i wanted to go in the kentucky derby ,
the trainer said .
it ' s my dream , and i have the horse . but after talking to mr . mckenna , i thought it was the right decision .
i claim my own horses . i buy my own horses ,
said the 81 - year - old mckenna , who added that his horsemanship started when he worked his first horse from the gate at the age of 12 for his grandfather and horse owner c . m . lanier ( hence the stable name judge lanier racing ) .
believe me when i tell you it ' s not because i think i ' m smarter or better . i ' m just a poor boy and that ' s the way i get it done .
to break her maiden . that started a roll of eight consecutive victories , including scores in the 2015 breeders ' cup juvenile fillies turf ( g1t ) and the 2016 belmont oaks ( g1t ) , and three soveriegn awards topped by canada ' s 2015 horse of the year honor .
if the offers to buy conquest mo money were coming in hot before the sunland derby , the arkansas derby result caused an inferno . hernandez said offers topped out at $ 1 . 5 million , with some buyers even willing to put up the extra $ 200 , 000 for the late supplemental nomination to the kentucky derby .
then the time came for both colts to have a first work out of the gate . jockey miguel perez was aboard oh so regal and alfredo juarez jr . was on conquest mo money . one horse dusted the other by two lengths , but it wasn ' t what hernandez was expecting .
now , of course , he ' s got my attention . but at the time , he had beaten irap , and who knew about irap ?
casse said of the colt who later became the first horse to break his maiden in the toyota blue grass stakes ( g2 ) at
the problem is , you have too many people in this industry only concerned about the breeding part . that ' s it . it ' s all about one classic , two classics , three classics and that ' s not horse racing . i want to see my horses run .
he ' s a beautiful horse , but he had ( issues with his ) shins early on ,
casse said .
if you watch him , he has a unique way of going . he ' s a big , stout horse , but he has a little bit of knee action and he hits the ground fairly hard . early on , his ankles kept filling up on him . we call them ' baby ankles . ' we would x - ray them and they were always fine . there wasn ' t anything there , so you just try to let them grow up .
we were jumping up and down . we didn ' t win , but for us , we won . it wasn ' t the money ,
mckenna said of the $ 200 , 000 second - place share of the purse .
it was because the horse performed the way he did .
had an impressive start to his competition career as a young horse , competing with success under serena pincus ( of the sheepcote stud ) , emily freezer and cathryn creemer ( the current test rider for the british hannoverian horse society mare test ) . such was his excellent temperament that it was then decided to concentrate on high - level young rider classes and with amanda leaker ( who rides many young horses for the woodlander stud , igor’s previous owners to whom we give grateful thanks for letting us buy him ) he competed regularly at advanced and prix st george level , retiring in 2008 with an impressive 280 dressage points .
the colt from the conquest stables dispersal was picked out by mckenna himself , a lifelong horseman , who in his words has trained
every damn type of horse you could think of .
he doesn ' t rely on others because he calls himself a
poor boy
who can ' t afford the advice .
this phenomenal stallion has been turning heads ever since he first walked in the show pen . he is a blue blood through and through , sired by nrha open futurity champion gunnatrashya . his dam , snip o gun , is an nrha all time leading producer , with offspring earnings of over $ 849 , 250 . shown by franco bertolani , inferno sixty six will continue his lucrative show career in 2018 .
one of the horse - drawn buses used in the new york scene in the beginning of the movie ( dolly is briefly seen descending from one ) is still in use . it is part of the krewe of orpheus parade in new orleans and can be seen every lundi gras , still drawn by horses . a calliope has been installed on the upper deck .
, and most recently on the arizona and new mexico circuits , hernandez won more than 2 , 000 races across all breeds in north america ( 1 , 846 in thoroughbred races ) —including a sextet of graded victories in quarter horse races . after the injury his riding career was abruptly over , but it didn ' t take long for an opportunity to come up .
his entry into horse racing started when he worked as a mechanic ' s assistant in mexico city as a teenager . the mechanic , a racing fan , always told hernandez he had the perfect body type to be a jockey , and hernandez finally gave in one day and took a trip to mexico city ' s hipódromo de las américas , which had a jockeys ' school adjacent to it . he enrolled .
before the sunland derby , hernandez expressed a desire—and a sense of pride—to run for all the horsemen associated with new mexico racing ( and to take down that big purse for the home team ) . that race continues to be ruled by out - of - state invaders who seek kentucky derby points and a piece of the inflated purse , but the trainer wanted to show a new mexico - based horse could do it .
with the showjumping influence in his pedigree it is not surprising that he also showed excellent potential for this as a young horse , but being owned by a dressage breeder and always based at dressage yards he did not have many opportunities to compete in this discipline . however , he has been able to pass on his natural jumping talent to his progeny , a number of whom have competed successfully in both showjumping and eventing .
i ' d never run a horse in the derby ,
mckenna said .
you can do two things—you can either cut the number of horses and make it a safer race , or you can make these 3 - year - old races 4 - year - old races and let ' s get these horses some maturity , and then we ' ll have some longevity in these horses and not as many breaking down .
they teach you everything before you ride the horse—to be a groom , how to put on bandages , everything ,
hernandez said .
you ' re learning before you ever get to riding . that went on for maybe two years or a year and i got to galloping horses , but after you leave the school , you ' re still working with the horses—you ' re in there feeling their legs and in the stalls , not just riding .
inferno was officially revamped in october 13 , 2016 update . although the overall layout remains relatively unchanged , the revamped version features widened pathways , along with drastically improved visibility and brightness level . the car on upper banana is replaced by a couple of barrels . the hay stacks beneath window room are now stairs . the windows on the both sides of window room are upgraded in size and visibility . the new map also saw the removal of the bells in t spawn , pillars on the side of banana , the patio in front of bombsite b , the truck near ct spawn , coverings over bombsite a and the bedroom next to window room as well as reintroducing the route connecting t spawn and alt mid .
owner : joseph e . seagram , waterloo breeder : j . e . seagram 1st king ' s plate , king edward gold cup three times , the durham cup twice and the toronto cup . inferno ' s herculean deeds were legion , and it mattered not that when he died in 1919 , he was an ill - tempered
rogue
, dangerous to the unwary and a failure at stud . he kicked down so many wooden stall gates at seagram ' s waterloo farm that an iron door had to be placed on his stall . when he died seagram had him opened up .
his heart was the most massive i ' ve ever seen ,
he said , a trifle awed . ( close )
early favourite to take out saturday’s group 1 $ 1 , 000 , 000 robert sangster stakes ( 1200m ) in adelaide , local hope viddora has come up trumps with barrier one in the morphettville feature .
the world’s best racehorse , winx , has been celebrated by the australian turf club ( atc ) getting the warwick stakes renamed in her honour .
the championships day 2 results will be known shortly and you can stay up to date with all the news at horseracing . com . au .
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stewards apprentice mitchell aitken has been taken to hospital following a fall at swan hill on sunday .
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sky sports news takes you through all of the day ' s racing news , plus alex hammond ' s tip of the day .
follow the latest from the written press with the best gossip and speculation from the papers .
sky has launched a pub finder for eager fans wanting to find a venue to watch sky sports .
get a sports star to visit your old secondary school as part of our free schools initiative .
after awakening in a hospital room in italy , dr . langdon suddenly finds himself as the victim of a manhunt .
due to late notification and / or limited resources , american humane association did not monitor any of the dog action .
search 123rf with an image instead of text . try dragging an image to the search box .
the map is set in a small town with european architecture . in the global offensive version , the presence of the separatist faction suggests that the map is set in the basque country , where the real eta separatist group operates , though signs written in italian seen around the map suggest otherwise .
the map is loosely rectangular , with the counter - terrorists spawning on one corner of the map and the terrorists on the diagonally opposite corner , and the two bombsites sitting at the other two corners .
terrorists are attempting to blow up two critical gas pipelines through part of a small village .
the map was built by chris
barney
auty . it was likely to be an abandoned residence and the time is set in the evening .
the houses at the 2nd middle section and near the ct spawn zone were added to the map . bombsite a is moved away from the ct spawn zone to its current position .
the map was edited by valve corporation . some elements were added such as lamps and the theme is changed to a village setting . the time is set at noon .
this map had been edited by ritual entertainment in counter - strike : condition zero . the map arrangement has been expanded a bit and the textures are completely changed and taken from the mission motorcade assault in condition zero : deleted scenes . the other map that uses the same textures is italy . also , the time is set during night , directly derived from the original mission .
ai navigation for bots has also improved . they will usually avoid jumping over the truck in bombsite b to access the apartments and traversing through the crawlspace in which a . i . players struggled in older versions .
the time is set during a sunny day , similar to the original counter - strike version .
this version of the map has a few visual improvements but not much has changed when compared to the source version . the hay stacks and the fish ponds still make their respective appearances but nuclear containment barrels have also been added . notably , the majority of props in bombsite a were removed to reduce camping , the apartment room in the middle from source was removed , the secondary pathway out of the terrorist spawn zone was removed , and the automated gated door from the apartments is not present . the skybox has also changed , similar to counter - strike 1 . 0 .
the counter - terrorists for this map are the sas and the terrorists are the separatists .
miscellaneous changes include switching the bombsite designations and having chickens appear in this map . a chicken hut was added to the terrorist spawn in an update .
on april 21 , 2016 , the map was moved to the reserves group , being replaced by nuke .
the factions remain unchanged , and the map ' s setting has been changed to an italian town with more distinctive european architecture .
on february 3 , 2017 , the map was moved to the active duty group , replacing dust 2 .
december 10 , 2014 update , february 17 , 2016 update , june 15 , 2016 update and june 15 , 2016 update .
in the original global offensive version , the edge of the ceiling next to bombsite a can cause a player to become stuck permanently . [ 2 ]
the song latin lover by jane marie finstrom can be heard near a bombsite of the source version and in the ct spawn in the revamped global offensive version .
the song in the original global offensive terrorist - spawn is a shortened version of carcelera by reflejo andaluz .
version . these bells will ring if they are shot at , with the large bells and the small bells ringing in different tones . they are removed in the revamped version .
the bell located in the bellower that can be seen on the map can also be rang by shooting at it .
in source , in the apartment area , if a player jumps into the ceiling fan , he will make injured grunts even though no damage is dealt . this was also the case in earlier versions of global offensive , where the fan would make head - shot sounds ( differing depending on whether the player wore a helmet ) . this was later patched when the map was updated to cause the fan to block movement into its blades .
in source , a gas can can be found in the storage room near the apartment area . its model is taken from half - life 2 . it can be shot and damage the player who ' re too close to it , it has fairly low explosive radius and won ' t do much damage to the player ( detonating while being caught in the epicenter of the blast causes the player to lose 15 hp without armor and 10 hp and in addition 3 point of armor ) .
several aspects of the map in the source and the original global offensive version appear to be inspired by mission san juan capistrano at southern california . [ 3 ]
in source , there is an area of the map called boiler room . in global offensive , the name boiler room was retained but the boiler room itself was closed off . the september 17 , 2014 update later partially opened the door , revealing the boiler room , but another update removed the boiler again and relocated it to a truck near bombsite b . in the revamped version , the boiler is returned to its original location , similar to that of the september 17 , 2014 version .
in rare occasions , one of the computer monitors in apartments shows the main menu of won - version counter - strike . [ 4 ]
on the revamped version , the street sign
via adamo
can be found near banana . the sign means
adam road
in italian , a tribute to famous competitive global offensive player adam friberg , who had been nicknamed
king of the banana
due to his reputation to attack and defend banana with great efficiency .
interestingly , alt mid is named
via dante
( dante road ) according to the street signs .
there is a coat of arms painted on the wall facing mid with
tenuta auty
as the motto .
in the revamped version , the numbers near library were
88
in beta , but changed to
95
in the official release .
the update notes
added a boiler to boiler
became a minor meme within the community .
counter - strike global offensive \ csgo \ pak01 _ dir . vpk \ sound \ ambient \
can ' t find a community you love ? create your own and start something epic .
a foal has been born in the chaos of a fire , while bulls and horses ran loose on the yard .
the filly , aptly named ember , was foaled during a blaze at a farm in ryhill , south yorkshire , on 21 june .
sarah scott , the owner of the dam , a 13 . 2hh coloured cob called mica , only realised her pony was in foal two weeks prior to the birth , having recently bought the mare .
sarah hall , whose aunt owns the farm , had been helping with the birth .
“i had a call at 7 . 45pm saying she was about to foal , ” ms hall told h & h .
“i shot over to the yard and went into the mare’s stable . a nose and two front feet were out .
“then i heard shouting and screaming . i saw the smoke and knew there was something wrong .
“i jumped over the mare , ran around the corner and all i could see was a wall of flames . ”
ms hall ran into the neighbouring barn to let out the nine bulls who were also kept on the farm .
“she was still stuck in her sack , so i got her out and freed her airways , ” ms hall said .
“meanwhile the stampede of bulls came out of the barn . a friend was herding them and one ended up in the stable .
“the mare was doing a fabulous job , she didn’t even react . the little baby was like , ‘what’s happening ? ’
“next the bulls crashed into the horses’ paddock so they were released too . ”
“gas cylinders were exploding and machinery was crashing around , ” ms hall said .
“there was a massive diesel tank on the front of the barn — if that had gone up we would have been annihilated . ”
the fire destroyed buildings , machinery , hay and straw , but the farm’s 15 horses and nine bulls were not hurt .
“the next day we brought the mare and foal out , ” added ms hall .
“ember’s in perfect health and has become a bit of a celebrity and the mare has been superb throughout . ”
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they came to wa in search of adventure , study and employment , but the lives of three overseas visitors were cut short when they perished in the esperance bushfires .
locals have paid tribute to the trio who worked on a property owned by respected farmers david and linda campbell at scaddan , about 55km north of esperance .
justin laird , a farm hand on a neighbouring property who fought the flames for more than 10 hours on tuesday , said losing friends was “just devastating” .
“we lost all our wheat but that’s nothing when lives have been lost , ” mr laird said .
“a lot more lives would have been lost if it wasn’t for freddy warning people .
“to lose friends , people you know … it’s not nice . it’s one of the hardest things . ”
flames destroyed neighbouring farmers nigel and terri thomas’ wheat crop and came within centimetres of their home , but they said they were the lucky ones .
“our hearts just go out to the families who have lost someone . losing crops and things is nothing , absolutely nothing compared to that , ” mrs thomas said .
mr butcher was a well - known farm hand and mechanic described by those who knew him as a “great bloke” .
he had lived in the esperance area for several years and was trying to secure permanent residency .
earlier this month , he was one of many celebrating a melbourne cup get - together at the thomas’ homestead , where he won the sweep , pulling the winning ticket on prince of penzance .
ms winther was an international student of curtin university who graduated with a bachelor of arts in journalism in 2012 and a masters in human rights in 2014 .
she had been working as a cook at the campbell property , while it is believed julia , 19 , was working as a farmhand .
mrs campbell described the tragic circumstances surrounding the incident , saying her husband was fighting fires elsewhere with mr butcher when they decided to return to the home .
but mr butcher and the other two foreign workers decided to leave the property and were caught in flames within several kilometres after making a fateful decision to turn left instead of right at the farm gate .
ms winther , who was in a gay relationship , had interests in education , human rights , civil rights , social action and the environment , according to her linkedin profile .
the human rights graduate was a member of amnesty international lesbian , gay , bi - sexual , transgender , intersex and questioning community action group .
her linkedin profile reveals a beautiful , smart and gifted woman who tragically won’t be able to achieve her research around women’s rights and lgbitq rights .
“i have been actively volunteering at youth help line ( ungdomstelefonen ) — a youth help line service offered by the norwegian ngo queer youth norway ( skeiv ungdom ) since 2012 , ” her profile reads .
“i engaged in several projects with the organisation and joined the international committee that works for diversity and against discrimination based on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity internationally .
“my time at queer youth norway has been an invaluable learning experience that reinforced my interest in the fields of human rights , social justice and international relations . ”
the two were found dead with another woman , believed to be a 19 - year - old german woman named julia .
all three were discovered in the same vehicle , just a few kilometres from the farmhouse of their employers , linda and dave campbell .
it is believed they turned left heading towards the fire and were overcome with flames .
their car was discovered on the same road as esperance icon and farmer kym “freddy” curnow’s burnt - out vehicle .
he was believed to be helping direct people away from the fire , and was hailed as a hero by locals .
the two fires have burnt through more than 130 , 000 hectares and the 15 , 000 animals have been lost . but , the worst of it is the human toll . we know tonight that four people have lost their lives in the flames . courtesy channel nine .
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depending on the week ' s assignment , you may have several pages of background reading . this week , you have two pages of background reading .
there are many times when dante will make allusions to classical mythology or figures from the bible ; don ' t worry if you do not recognize some of these details . below you will find a list of some of the main figures that you meet , and with whom you should be familiar before you begin the reading .
cerberus : the three - headed dog guardian of the underworld . you met cerberus in last week ' s readings .
charon : charon steers the boat that ferries the souls of the dead across an underworld river . you met charon in the readings from last week .
homer : legendary greek epic poet ; dante revered him , although he did not have direct access to homer ' s work ( it was only rediscovered in western europe in the later renaissance ) . you learned about homer in the readings from last week .
minos : while alive minos was a king , whose wife , pasiphae , had an affair with a bull , giving birth to the minotaur ; in death , minos was one of the judges of the dead in the underworld .
virgil ( vergil ) : roman poet , author of the epic poem the aeneid . you learned about virgil ' s life in the readings from last week .
modern languages mlll - 2003 . world literature : frametales . laura gibbs , ph . d . this work is licensed under a creative commons license . you must give the original author credit . you may not use this work for commercial purposes . if you alter , transform , or build upon this work , you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one . page last updated : october 9 , 2004 12 : 48 pm
in the harmonia gardens , the back wall behind the hat - check girl is the wall from the ballroom of the von trapps villa in the sound of music ( 1965 ) .
gene kelly fought to keep michael crawford ' s singing voice , which the producers wanted to dub .
this was the very first film released on home video ( vhs and betamax ) in the us . it was released in fall 1977 by the magnetic video corporation , the first of the 50 original films it licensed from fox . its catalog number was cl - 1001 .
barbra streisand ' s gold - beaded gown in the harmonia gardens scene weighed 40 pounds , and cost $ 8 , 000 . the original design included a 2 - 1 / 2 - foot train , which was removed after she and other dancers tripped over it during rehearsals . the train is visible when streisand starts down the stairs , then disappears .
barbra streisand and walter matthau fought bitterly during filming . he disliked her so intensely that he refused to be around her unless the script required it . he is famously quoted as telling barbra that she
had no more talent than a butterfly ' s fart
. interestingly , he is clearly in the audience at barbra ' s one voice ( 1986 ) concert at her malibu ranch , where invitation - only guests paid $ 5 , 000 per couple to help establish the streisand foundation , which supports numerous charitable organizations . apparently , he did not hold grudges .
leading uk dvd retailer hmv sold more copies of this film from july - september 2008 than it had for the previous ten years . it was attributed to the popularity of wall·e ( 2008 ) , which features clips from this film at several key points .
in the original musical , cornelius hackl and irene molloy sing
it only takes a moment
in the courtroom during horace vandergelder ' s trial . in the movie , they sing the song in union square park . the entire arrest and trial sequence was dropped for the movie version .
the facade of the harmonia gardens still stands as of 2010 on the 20th century - fox lot , though the park across the street is long gone .
danny lockin , who played barnaby in the movie , played the same role live on the st . james theatre stage in new york while the movie was in first - run theaters . sadly , he was murdered a few years later in la .
the set for the harmonia gardens filled an entire sound stage at fox studios and occupied three levels : a dance floor , a main section that surrounded the dance floor and an upper mezzanine . the harmonia gardens sequence took an entire month to shoot .
the scenes set in turn - of - the - last - century yonkers , new york , were actually filmed a few miles up the hudson river , in garrison , ny . yonkers was recreated by putting false fronts on the existing buildings of the small village . the final wedding scene and reprise were shot at the trophy point monument and overlook of the united states military academy in west point , new york .
louis armstrong ' s final film . he was on set for half a day , and filmed all of his shots in one take . in 1964 , his recording of
hello , dolly !
hit # 1 .
the train car in the final shot of
put on your sunday clothes
is from the strasburg railroad , an active steam museum short line still in existence . the
hello dolly
car is open to the public .
elizabeth taylor was considered for the role of dolly , but she couldn ' t sing . doris day and shirley maclaine ( who played irene molloy in the the matchmaker ( 1958 ) ) were both briefly considered . despite her oscar nomination for best supporting actress in thoroughly modern millie ( 1967 ) , carol channing was never considered for the role because it was felt that she could not carry a film of this stature . channing ' s co - star , julie andrews , turned down the role of dolly .
the ornate glass windows in the background of the harmonia gardens were recycled and used in the main dining room skylights of the ss poseidon in the poseidon adventure ( 1972 ) . egyptian hieroglyphic backgrounds from cleopatra ( 1963 ) completed the poseidon ' s dining room , even though the ship ' s design theme was of the greek god poseidon .
the original broadway production of
hello dolly !
opened at the st . james theater on january 16 , 1964 and ran for 2844 performances , setting a broadway longevity record .
hello dolly !
also won the 1964 tony award for the best musical and best score . the original broadway production is the nineteenth longest running show ever as of february , 2013 .
the song
love is only love ,
which barbra streisand ' s dolly sings in her bedroom before the harmonia gardens scene , was not in the stage production of
hello , dolly .
love is only love
was written by jerry herman for the broadway musical
mame
but was cut before the show ' s opening . the song occurred in the story as mame dennis tries to explain falling in love to her pre - teen nephew , patrick . 20th century - fox executives had asked herman to write a new song for the film so they would have a candidate for the academy award for best song , and they were upset that instead of giving them a new song , he palmed them off with a discard from
mame
that , because it had been performed publicly during
mame
' s out - of - town tryouts , was not eligible for the award .
in the parade scene the ywca marching unit was the award - winning california high school drill team , under the direction of ms . jackie mccauley . the group was selected by twentieth century - fox based on their performance in the hollywood santa claus lane parade on the wednesday evening before thanksgiving day , 1967 . the marching band in white uniforms was the ucla marching band . the band in red and black uniforms was the san fernando valley youth band .
many of the taller building facades constructed on the los angeles front lot of 20th century - fox as part of the outdoor sets ( representing 1890 new york city ) concealed the towers of then - new century city - - constructed on the former back lot of the studio . .
the singing voice of irene molloy was provided by gilda maiken and melissa stafford .
twentieth century - fox had agreed to theatrical impresario david merrick ' s stipulation that its film could not be released while the broadway production was still running . as the show was nearing its fourth year on stage by the time filming got under way , it was assumed that it would have closed by the time the movie was ready for release . however , merrick then replaced his stage actors with an all - black cast led by pearl bailey , an acclaimed move which invigorated the theatre box - office considerably . as a result , the finished film spent a year gathering dust in fox ' s vaults , and only got released after fox had come to a lavish financial arrangement with merrick so that he would waive his stipulation . this added to the film ' s already huge cost and helped make it an even bigger flop . the stage show ran for some seven years , long after the film ' s original release .
hello , dolly ! was the most expensive musical ever produced at the time of the film ' s release .
choreographer michael kidd liked pairing tall girls and short guys together for sex appeal and energy in his works . he got just the opposite with tommy tune , who stood 6 ' 6
and joyce ames ( ermangarde ) , who was 4 ' 10
, a near 2 foot height difference . kidd was disinterested with them as a couple , but gene kelly stepped in to help .
michael kidd ( choreographer ) broke his leg during rehearsal while showing a routine to dancers .
michael crawford , who plays cornelius hackl , also played the phantom in the original 1986 west end stage production of
the phantom of the opera
and also in its 1988 broadway production .
in the original musical , vandergelder was supposed to crash a dance number called
be my butterfly ,
after which he was arrested and charged with disturbing the peace . dolly visits him in his holding cell at the courthouse , and this is where she sings
so long , dearie .
for the movie , that number was dropped , and dolly sings
so long , dearie
at the train station .
carol channing had originally played dolly in the broadway production , and won a tony award for it . the same year barbra streisand was nominated for the same award for funny girl ( 1968 ) . streisand eventually played both parts , and won an academy award for
funny girl .
fox reused some of the sets from this film for beneath the planet of the apes ( 1970 ) .
the harmonia gardens sequence ( where the song
hello dolly
is performed ) took an entire month to shoot .
among those who originally tested for the role of gussie grainger / ernestina simple were jo anne worley and peg murray . among those who tested for ambrose kemper was ron rifkin . worley had been a stand - in for carol channing in the original 1964 broadway production . in 1973 she play dolly in a stage production performed in sacramento , california .
according to peter cook , stanley donen was offered the chance to direct this movie but chose to make bedazzled ( 1967 ) instead .
pat finley and sandy duncan made a screen test for the role of minnie .
the film only managed to gross $ 33 . 2 million ( with $ 26 million in theatrical rentals ) against a $ 25 million budget . adjusted for inflation those numbers amount to a $ 216 million gross on a $ 164 million budget in contemporary dollars .
was the # 4 box - office hit of 1969 , earning $ 33 . 2m . adjusted for inflation , that would be more than $ 228m in 2018 .
although gene kelly won golden globe and directors guild nominations for best director , and although hello , dolly ! ( 1969 ) won an oscar nomination for best film , kelly was furious when he did not get an oscar nomination for direction .
marianne mcandrew was the only member of the main cast whose singing was dubbed .
barbra streisand won golden globe and bafta nomination for best actress but did not win an oscar nomination . she had won the best actress oscar the previous year for funny girl ( 1968 ) .
the finale was filmed at west point , ny , on the banks of the hudson river . the church was only a facade built for the film .
the building used for vandergelder ' s hay and feed store now serves as the headquarters of an independent film company called ironbound films .
prior to playing minnie faye in this film e . j . peaker had starred with robert morse in a short - lived ( one season ) sitcom called that ' s life ( 1968 ) . morse had played minnie faye ' s suitor , barnaby , in the 1955 stage production of
the matchmaker
, which
hello , dolly !
is based on . morse repeated his role in the film version of the matchmaker ( 1958 ) .
though the role of dolly is usually cast closer to the age of her love interest , horace vandegelder , and indeed it is implied that dolly , a widow , is some years older than cornelius hackl and irene malloy , barbra streisand , michael crawford , and marianne mcandrew are all the same age , born in 1942 .
there was a 22 - year gap between barbra streisand and walter mathau , who played dolly levi and horace vandegelder , respectively . streisand was 27 , and mathau 49 when the film was released .
among those who originally tested for the role of gussie grainger / ernestina simple were jo anne worley and peg murray . among those who tested for ambrose kemper was ron rifkin .
two songs from the original broadway production ,
i put my hand in
and
motherhood
, were not used in the film version . two songs in the film version ,
just leave everything to me
and
love is only love
, were not in the original broadway production .
when she appeared on inside the actors studio , barbra streisand was reluctant to discuss the film other than to acknowledge that she had been far too young for the part of dolly and should never have accepted it .
the only best picture oscar nominee that year to be also nominated for best original or adaptation score .
the only best picture oscar nominee that year not to be nominated in any of the writing categories .
as walter matthau and barbra streisand had notoriously feuded on the set of the film , when it came time to film the ending where horace and dolly kiss at their wedding , because he hated her so much matthau had effectively refused to kiss her . a variation of clever angles and long distance camera shots were able to create a convincing kiss where matthau and streisand ' s faces come close together without actually touching their lips .
there are many problems associated with beating the trifecta . punters probably don’t realise the task they are taking on when they tackle this bet . question 1 : can you predict the 1 - 2 - 3 finishin . . .
there are two groups of punters who invariably go to the races , or their tab agencies , with the percentages piled high against them . they are the backers of favourites and longshots . no matter wh . . .


the mountain plover ( charadrius montanus ) is a medium-sized ground bird in the plover family ( charadriidae ) .

it is misnamed , as it lives on level land .

unlike most plovers , it is usually not found near bodies of water or even on wet soil ; it prefers dry habitat with short grass ( usually due to grazing ) and bare ground .

mountain plover

listing the mountain plover as threatened : proposed rule ; request for public comments .
stogsdill still remembers the moment a biologist showed him what a mountain plover looked like .
mountain plover ( charadrius montanus ) : a technical conservation assessment by steve dinsmore . 2003 .
she has already signed up for the 10th annual mountain plover festival , which starts friday .
the color of the mountain plover helps it fade into the landscape , making it hard to spot .
dinsmore , s . j . ( 2003 ) mountain plover ( charadrius montanus ) : a technical conservation assessment . usda forest service , rocky mountain region .
graul , w . d . 1975 . breeding biology of the mountain plover . wilson bulletin 87 : 6 - 31 .
the mountain plover is one of the species that uses prairie dog towns to provide suitable breeding habitat in areas of longer grasses .
dinsmore , s . j . 1995 . 1995 mountain plover research in phillips county , montana . unpublished report to usfws . 6pp .
knowles , c . j . 1985 . the mountain plover : uncommonly exceptional . montana outdoors 16 ( 6 ) : 7 - 12 .
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prellwitz , d . m . 1993 . additional mountain plover sightings in montana . prairie nat . , 25 ( 1 ) : 23 - 26 .
the combination of a black forecrown and white breast is a unique color pattern among north american plover species that distinguishes the mountain plover ( knopf 1996 ) . the snowy plover ( charadrius alexandrinus ) , semipalmated plover ( charadrius semipalmatus ) , piping plover ( charadrius melodus ) , and a few other plovers , also have black forecrowns , but their breasts are decorated with a black breast band or black side patches ( sibley 2000 ) . their habitats are also distinctly different ( see habitat ) .
graul , w . d . , and l . e . webster . 1976 . breeding status of the mountain plover . condor 78 : 265 - 267 .
olson , s . l . 1985 . mountain plover food items on and adjacent to a prairie dog town . prairie naturalist 17 ( 2 ) : 83 - 90 .
the conservation of the mountain plover depends on the protection of suitable nesting habitat , the conservation of prairie dogs , and the protection of known nesting sites ( 8 ) . efforts to carry out these conservation measures are underway in a number of areas ( 8 ) ( 9 ) , such as the pawnee national grassland in colorado , an important nesting site for the mountain plover and where a mountain plover management strategy has been implemented ( 2 ) ( 8 ) . in addition , the mountain plover and the black - tailed prairie dog ( cynomys ludovicianus ) have been proposed for listing under the federal endangered species act ( 5 ) , which would offer more protection to these declining species .
federal register 68 : 174 . 2003 . endangered and threatened wildlife and plants ; withdrawal of the proposed rule to list the mountain plover as threatened . pp . 53083 - 53101
we are urging the federal government to protect all five species of prairie dogs and the diverse community of animals that depend on them , including the mountain plover . the plover has twice been proposed for listing , and twice the listing proposed has been withdrawn . we continue to advocate for the plover and we will not rest until these small , graceful birds have a safe home .
the oldest recorded mountain plover was at least 10 years old when it was sighted in montana in the wild and identified by its band . it had been banded in the same state .
the mountain plover is a bird that begins arriving to colorado’s eastern plains in early april . plovers find the short grass prairie and fallow fields in the area to be excellent nesting grounds .
faunawest wildlife consultants . 1991 . status and breeding distribution of the mountain plover in montana . report to usdi bureau of land management . faunawest wildlife consultants , boulder , mt . 44 pp .
knowles , p . r . 1992 . status and breeding distribution of the mountain plover in montana . paper presented at the 30th meeting of the montana chapter of the wildlife society , whitefish .
a native of the shortgrass prairie , the mountain plover is a dull - colored shorebird of open , dry areas . despite its name , it breeds in the high tablelands , not the mountains .
and most ranchers in karval knew nothing about the mountain plover , a grassland bird native to the western great plains that prefers to nest in sparse vegetation or bare patches such as prairie dog towns .
mountain plovers are one of only 12 grassland birds endemic to the western great plains . they nest across the western great plains and rocky mountain states , from the canadian border to northern mexico , and winter in california , southern arizona , texas and mexico . mountain plovers only nest in areas with sparse vegetation or bare ground , such as prairie dog towns . loss of these areas because of crop planting or the removal of prairie dogs , is the biggest threat to the mountain plover ' s population .
project overview in 2002 , the nebraska prairie partners initiated the systematic research of mountain plover ecology to reassess their status in nebraska . monitoring efforts including estimated arrival dates and departure dates of migrants , nesting chronology and time intervals of peak nesting activity , and general distribution of breeding mountain plovers in the southwest panhandle .
the mountain plover is classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and listed on appendix ii of the convention on the conservation of migratory species ( cms ) ( 3 ) .
plover lovers . learn how landowners and biologists work together to study and preserve the nesting grounds of this elusive species .
after scientists determined that the mountain plover population had stabilized , and the government decided not to list it as an endangered species , people in the karval community realized that this bird could be an economic opportunity they’d been seeking .
the mountain plover breeds in central north america , from montana , south to new mexico . it winters from central california to baja california , and east to southern texas and north - east mexico ( 2 ) ( 6 ) .
knowles , c . j . and p . r . knowles . 1993 . mountain plover numbers , reproduction , and habitat use in three areas of montana . unpublished report for the bureau of land management , billings . 50 pp .
laun , c . h . 1957 . a life history study of the mountain plover ( eupoda montana townsend ) on the laramie plains , albany county , wyoming . m . s . thesis , univ . wyo . , laramie .
leachman , b . , and b . osmundson . 1990 . status of the mountain plover : a literature review . unpublished report to the u . s . forest service , fish and wildlife enhancement , golden , co . 83 pp .
parrish , t . l . , s . h . anderson and w . f . oelklaus . 1993 . mountain plover habitat selection in the powder river basin , wyoming . prairie nat . 25 ( 3 ) : 219 - 226 .
olson - edge , s . l . and w . d . edge . 1987 . density and distribution of the mountain plover on the charles m . russell national wildlife refuge . the prairie naturalist 19 ( 4 ) : 233 - 238 .
betty snow , an avid birder , has checked out almost every bird festival in colorado . her favorite is the mountain plover festival in the tiny town of karval , out on the eastern plains where some of the state’s oldest ranches are located .
olson , s . l . 1984 . density and distribution , nest site selection , and activity of the mountain plover on the charles m . russell national wildlife refuge . m . s . thesis . university of montana , missoula . 62 pp .
the idea for karval’s festival goes back more than a decade , when the u . s . fish and wildlife service wanted to put the mountain plover on the endangered species list , which meant ranchers would need to navigate a complex web of federal regulations .
knowles , c . , p . knowles , m . maj , and d . hinckley . 1995 . mountain plover numbers , reproduction , and habitat use in three areas of montana . prepared by faunawest wildlife consultants for bureau of land management , billings , montana .
poorly named , this pallid plover is a bird of flat open plains , not mountains . of all of our
shorebirds ,
this is the one most disconnected from the shore , generally living miles from water in the dry country of the west . the short - grass prairie where it once thrived has been largely converted to farmland , but the mountain plover has found new habitat in grassland overgrazed by cattle .
also , public lands and parks are mowed too frequently and the grass kept too short to provide a habitat for birds , the reports said . grassland birds showing marked population declines include the mountain plover , eastern and western meadowlarks , short - eared owls and northern bobwhites .
first collected by john kirk townsend in 1834 along the sweetwater river of wyoming and named by john james audubon as the rocky mountain plover , the mountain plover is a north american endemic that breeds on the dry tablelands of the western great plains , and winters in dry grasslands and deserts of northern mexico and california . an unwary species , it often faces away from an observer and squats motionless in response to disturbance . this behavior results in the drably marked bird virtually disappearing and has fostered the nickname
prairie ghost
among those who seek it out .
federal register : february 16 , 1999 ( volume 64 , number 30 ) . endangered and threatened wildlife and plants : proposed threatened status for the mountain plover . proposed rules . department of the interior , u . s . fish and wildlife service . pp . 7587 - 7601 .
mountain plover populations declined by over 3 % per year between 1966 and 2014 , resulting in a cumulative decline of 80 % , according to the north american breeding bird survey . a 2012 study estimates a breeding population of 20 , 000 . these birds only live in north america , principally in the west and central areas of the u . s . during the summer , migrating south to mexico and the southwest u . s . mountain plover is on the 2014 state of the birds watch list , which lists species most in danger of extinction without significant conservation action . a proposal to list the species as
endangered
was rejected by the u . s . fish and wildlife service in 2003 , stating that species was more common than was believed . however , mountain plover is listed a near threatened on the iucn red list . back to top
knopf , fritz l . and m . b . wunder . 2006 . mountain plover ( charadrius montanus ) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( p . g . rodewald , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , new york , usa .
wwf works with researchers and landowners to understand the needs of mountain plovers and to assess how land management and climate change impact the bird .
foresman , k . r . 2012 . mammals of montana . second edition . mountain press publishing , missoula , montana . 429 pp .
other rmbo research related to mountain plovers quantifies the success of nests and chick survival as a result of our nest marking program in agricultural lands .
day , k . s . 1994 . observations on mountain plovers ( charadrius montanus ) breeding in utah . southwestern naturalist 39 : 298 - 300 .
behavior : mountain plovers often will run rather than fly when disturbed . they winter in central and coastal california , arizona , texas , northern mexico .
despites its common and scientific names , the mountain plover is not actually a mountain species ( 2 ) . it nests in upland short - grass prairie disturbed by fire or grazing . during the winter , it is found in heavily - grazed short - grass plains and fields , sandy deserts and on agricultural land ( 2 ) ( 6 ) . they are often found in association with burrowing mammals such as kangaroo rats ( dipodomys species ) and prairie dogs ( cynomys species ) ( 2 ) .
mountain plover recordings by geoffery a . keller © cornell lab of ornithology macaulay library cornell lab of ornithology 159 sapsucker woods road ithaca new york 14850 united states of america tel : + 1 ( 607 ) 254 - 2404 fax : + 1 ( 607 ) 254 - 2439 email : macaulaylibrary @ urltoken website : www . birds . urltoken / macaulaylibrary
knopf , f . l . and m . b . wunder . 2006 . mountain plover ( charadrius montanus ) . species account number 211 . the birds of north america online ( a . poole , ed . ) . ithaca , ny : cornell laboratory of ornithology ; retrieved 3 / 25 / 2008 from the birds of north america online database
ranchers know where to find the mountain plover — their nests are so hard to spot that bird watchers call them “the ghost of the prairie” — but the festival isn’t just about that bird . over the years , visitors have spotted nearly 90 different kinds of birds , from red - winged blackbirds to the snowy egret and the great horned owl .
the rocky mountain bird observatory ( which later changed its name to bird conservancy of the rockies ) held a workshop in karval to discuss the bird with landowners .
knopf , f . l . and j . r . wunder . 2006 . mountain plover ( charadrius montanus ) . the birds of north america , no . 211 ( a . poole and f . gill , eds . ) the academy of natural sciences , philidelphea , pa , and the american ornithologists ' union , washington , d . c .
knowles , c . and p . knowles . 1997 . mountain plover numbers , reproduction , and habitat use in montana : a summary of six survey years . faunawest wildlife consultants . prepared for the montana department of fish , wildlife , & parks , great falls , montana , and the bureau of land management , billings , montana . 22 april 1997 .
knopf , f . l . and j . r . rupert . 1995 . habits and habitats of mountain plovers in california . condor 97 : 743 - 751 .
they came up with the idea for the mountain plover festival — a three - day event with prices that range from $ 50 for a single event to $ 200 for the complete package . visitors spend time with ranchers and farmers , learning about their lives while touring private ranch land and eating home - cooked meals , including a saturday night chuck wagon dinner .
mostly insects . diet is not well known ; but in the dry upland habitats where this plover lives , it probably feeds almost entirely on insects , including grasshoppers , beetles , flies , and crickets .
as increasing human development overruns plover habitat and the prairie dogs who provide them their best nesting sites are persecuted , the difficulties the plover faces have taken their toll : this bird has declined by over 66 percent in the past few decades . recent estimates place the bird’s total numbers at 5 , 000 - 11 , 000 individuals , a small number for a bird who lives just two years on average .
species overview the mountain plover is an upland shorebird that breeds across the xeric tablelands of the western great plains and is a species of conservation concern throughout its range because of apparent range - side population declines ( knopf and wunder 2006 ) . by the beginning of the 21st century however , its extent in nebraska was largely unknown . bruner et al . ( 1904 ) described the species as
not uncommonin extreme western nebraska
at the turn of the 20th century and noted the species had been observed in cheyenne , dawes , and sioux counties . as late 2000 , sharpe et al . ( 2001 ) described the species as a rare , regular breeder limited to southwestern kimball county . in fact , few mountain plover nests had ever been located in nebraska .
knopf , f . l . and j . r . rupert . 1996 . reproduction and movements of mountain plovers breeding in colorado . wilson bulletin 108 : 28 - 35 .
knopf , f . l . , and b . j . miller . 1994 . chradrius montanus : montane , grassland , or bare - ground plover ? the auk 111 ( 2 ) : 504 - 506 .
knopf , f . l , and j . r . rupert . 1999 . use of cultivated fields by breeding mountain plovers . studies in avian biology 19 : 81 - 86 .
adams , r . a . 2003 . bats of the rocky mountain west ; natural history , ecology , and conservation . boulder , co : university press of colorado . 289 p .
the karval mountain plover festival began when karval community members were looking at economic opportunities for this small community . we decided to “bring the bird lovers to the bird” . this i s a weekend full of bird watching , wildlife viewing tours , entertainment , history , arts and crafts , antiques , and lots of good food ! along with bird watching , here are some of the other things you will enjoy :
johnsgard , p . a . 1986 . birds of the rocky mountains : with particular reference to national parks in the northern rocky mountain region . colorado associated university press , boulder , co .
knowles , c . j . , and p . r . knowles . 1984 . additional records of mountain plovers using prairie dog towns in montana . prairie naturalist 16 : 183 - 186 .
knopf , f . l . 1991 . status and conservation of mountain plovers : the evolving regional effort . report of research activities , usfws national ecology research center , fort collins , co . 9 pp .
olson , s . l . and w . d . edge . 1985 . nest site selection by mountain plovers in northcentral montana . j . range manage . 38 ( 3 ) : 280 - 282 .
wershler , c . r . 1989 . a management strategy for mountain plovers in alberta . proceedings of the prairie conservation and endangered species workshop , saskatchewan natural history society and canadian plains research center . 5 pp .
hutto , r . l . and j . s . young . 1999 . habitat relationships of landbirds in the northern region , usda forest service , rocky mountain research station rmrs - gtr - 32 . 72 p .
werner , j . k . , b . a . maxell , p . hendricks , and d . flath . 2004 . amphibians and reptiles of montana . missoula , mt : mountain press publishing company . 262 p .
knowles , c . j . , c . j . stoner , and s . p . gieb . 1982 . selective use of black - tailed prairie dog towns by mountain plovers . condor 84 : 71 - 74 .
the loss of nesting habitat is the biggest threat to mountain plovers . prairie dog colony extermination , lack of natural fire regimes , and the conversion of native prairie for agriculture and energy development all contribute to habitat loss and change .
mountain plovers arrive in april and may remain in the state until september ( johnsgard 1986 ) . the species is a rare migrant west of the continental divide , but is a breeding resident of the prairie lands to the east .
wallis , c . a . and c . r . wershler . 1981 . status and breeding of mountain plovers ( charadrius montanus ) in canada . can . field - nat . 95 ( 2 ) : 133 - 136 .
gateway to the rocky mountain west for people from far - off lands or potential shortcut for flyers running late ; the beauty of the pedestrian bridge stretching between dia ' s main terminal and the a concourse is in the eye of the crosser .
. the plumage of the mountain plover is brownish - grey on the upperparts and whitish on the underparts with a buff wash on the sides . the bright white of the forehead extends back above the eye like an eyebrow and contrasts with the black crown and the black patch that joins the eye to the black , short , straight bill . the pale , yellowish - brown legs are relatively long . non - breeding adults have a pale brown crown and rufous fringes to the new wing feathers , while juveniles can be identified by the buff - coloured ‘eyebrow’
gomez de silva , h . , r . a . medilin legorreta , m . a . amin , and s . aguilar . 1996 . a concentration of mountain plovers charadrius montanus in san luis potosi , mexico . cotinga 5 : 74 - 75 .
the mountain plover is one of the many species that depends on prairie dog colonies in the west . mountain plovers like to nest in prairie dog towns , and considering the difficulties they face in making it to adulthood it is in their interests to choose wisely . their nests are shallow depressions in the ground , and though their dark olive and black eggs are well - camouflaged , they are vulnerable to predators such as coyotes , swift foxes , and ground squirrels . more than half of the egg clutches are lost to predation . once the chicks hatch , they can almost immediately run and feed themselves . during their first few weeks of life , they are most concerned with avoiding predators such as prairie falcons , ferruginous hawks , golden eagles , and loggerhead shrikes , and staying out of the hot prairie sun in the shade of tall grass , fence posts , telephone poles , or their parents .
. prairie dogs , which this species is particularly associated with , can be greatly affected by sylvatic plague ( dinsmore and smith 2010 ) , yet treatment of these species against this can have further detrimental effects on nesting success of the plover ( dinsmore 2013 ) . over 70 % of nests on cultivated land are destroyed by farm machinery ( shackford
because the continental population of the mountain plover apparently declined three percent or more per year during the 1970s , 1980s and early 1990s , the species was proposed for listing as threatened under the endangered species act in 1999 , but was subsequently withdrawn in 2003 . individuals in california may spend up to seventy - five percent of their time on agricultural fields where they are exposed to an array of pesticides , although no direct effects of pesticides on reproductive success or survival have been detected . in the southern part of the breeding range , birds also nest on tilled fields . although nests are lost to tillage practices during incubation , nest success on tilled fields currently appears compensatory rather than additive to losses due to predation in native habitats .
our monitoring efforts yielded 278 nests ( 272 on agricultural fields and six on native rangelands ) over the duration of the study . the majority of nests were laid during the first two weeks of may . we observed mountain plovers incubating eggs into the middle of july , when it was previously believed that the birds migrated south ( sharpe et al . 2001 ) . our data also suggest that juveniles may reside within the state as late as early september , which is significantly longer than previously documented ( sharpe et al . 2001 ) . finally , compared with historically documented sightings , our results indicate that mountain plovers are more numerous in nebraska than previously believed ( see figure below ) .
clark , t . w . , h . a . harvey , r . d . dorn , d . l . genter , and c . groves ( eds ) . 1989 . rare , sensitive , and threatened species of the greater yellowstone ecosystem . northern rockies conservation cooperative , montana natural heritage program , the nature conservancy , and mountain west environmental services . 153 p .
in the summers the prairie was flush with grouse , prairie chickens , and curlews with their pink underwings lovely as a flash of sunset cloud . then there was the dainty little prairie plover that rose singly , at forty , fifty yards and soared gently away , rising gradually , such ready and toothsome game for the hunter . wright , an early hide man from around dodge , once killed nearly two hundred in an hour for an entourage of eastern sportsmen .
identification : mountain plovers are typically 8 - 9 ½ inches ( 20 - 24 cm ) tall with a17 ½ - 23 inch ( 44 - 58 cm ) wingspan . colors are light brown back , sandy - buff breast , white forehead with black above , white eye stripe , white wing stripe , black tail band with white border . male and females are similar in size and appearance .
throughout its range , this plover arrives on its breeding grounds in late march and april , two months before warm - season grasses begin to green . some adults and fledged chicks begin leaving the breeding grounds by mid july and wander throughout the southwestern plains and deserts until early november , when they arrive at the wintering grounds and gather , localized , in small flocks . spring migration , apparently directed around the suthern extents of the sierra nevada and rocky mountains to the breeding grounds , is much faster .
21 - 23 . 5 cm . pale brown plover . upperparts brownish grey , underparts whitish washed buff on breast sides and flanks , white forehead and supercilium contrasting with black frontal bar and lores , black bill and long , pale brown - yellow legs . non - breeding adults lack black on head , have rufous fringes to fresh wing feathers , more extensive and buffy breast markings . juvenile similar but supercilium buff and broader , more buffy fringes and marked underparts . in flight , looks long - winged and shows white wing - bar , underwing - coverts and in tail .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
is larger , darker and greyer , with darker legs and more patterned upperparts , in flight distinguished by white underwing and in tail .
butcher , g . , dinsmore , s . , dreitz , v . , earsom , s . , estelle , v . , knopf , f . , leachman , b . , lockwood , m . , manzano , p . , o ' connell , t . & wunder , m .
this species is classified as near threatened because it has a moderately small population . however , it is continuing to decline as a consequence of habitat loss and degradation resulting from cultivation , urbanisation , over - grazing , and changes in native herbivore populations .
2009 ) . all these birds winter from sacramento , san joaquin and imperial valleys , california ( knopf and rupert 1995 , s . d . earsom and v . b . estelle
( wilbur 1987 ) , and irregularly in south arizona and south texas in the blackland prairie ( knopf 1996 , m . lockwood
. there appears to be some mixing on the wintering grounds , with birds banded in montana having been documented over - wintering in southern california , southeastern arizona , and texas ( s . dinsmore ,
2012 ] ) . these figures are likely to reflect an increase in counting accuracy rather than a recent population increase . breeding was first successful in nuevo león , mexico , in 2004 ( gonzales rojas
. these and / or northern birds regularly winter at janos in chihuahua ( p . manzano
the global population was estimated to number 11 , 000 - 14 , 000 individuals , but this has recently been revised upwards to 15 , 000 - 20 , 000 individuals , roughly equivalent to 10 , 000 - 14 , 000 mature individuals . trend justification : this species underwent a large and statistically significant decrease over 40 years in north america , with a 66 . 5 % decline over 40 years ( 23 . 9 % per decade ) , according to data from breeding bird survey and / or christmas bird count ( butcher and niven 2007 ) . more recent data from bbs suggests a potential annual decline of 2 . 88 % , which would equate to a decline of 36 . 6 % over 3 generations ( sauer et al . 2017 ) . however , there is a large margin of error and uncertainty with this estimate ( see sauer et al . 2017 ) and there is a suggestion that the population may be starting to stabilise ( t . o ' connell in litt . 2016 ) .
. it arrives in canada and northern u . s . a . in late march - april and leaves in early august ( knopf 1996 )
when it inhabits semi - desert , dry , bare agricultural land and ( in mexico ) breeding - type habitats ( s . d . earsom and v . b . estelle
. the species apparently fares better during drought years ( dinsmore 2008 ) . it flocks in winter and on migration ( s . d . earsom and v . b . estelle
hunting probably explains the long - term decline . more recently , cultivation and urbanisation have reduced nesting habitat , and intensive grazing has resulted in desertification and a reduced prey base ( s . d . earsom and v . b . estelle
1999 ) , although dreitz and knopf ( 2007 ) suggest that nest success is comparable between cultivated land and grasslands - instead the cause of nest failure is different between the two habitat types . mining activities within its range can have detrimental effects on this species ( andres and stone 2010 ) .
cms appendix ii . a conservation action plan for this species was published in 2010 ( andres and stone 2010 ) . pawnee national grassland , colorado , and charles m . russell national wildlife refuge , montana , are important reserves ( shackford
. it has been proposed for listing under the federal endangered species act ( f . l . knopf
has also been proposed , partly because it helps to maintain suitable habitat ( f . l . knopf
. the release of black - footed ferret in mexico is helping with prairie dog colony protection ( b . leachman
set up a functional working group for this species ( andres and stone 2010 ) . define mexican breeding and winter distribution ( s . d . earsom and v . b . estelle
. monitor u . s . a . and canada ' s populations , and investigate its demography across its range ( s . dinsmore
2016 ) . conduct research to investigate how this species may be impacted by energy development projects ( andres and stone 2010 ) . improve population estimates by documenting the number of birds nesting away from prairie dog colonies . research movements of birds ( s . d . earsom and v . b . estelle
1999 ) . protect prairie dog colonies , especially at janos ( s . d . earsom and v . b . estelle
. restore prairie ecosystems ( include protection / reintroduction of grazers ) . protect remaining breeding and wintering habitats and prevent further conversion of grasslands . stop agricultural disturbance at nest sites . train and raise awareness amongst farmers to encourage the protection of this species and its habitat ( andres and stone 2010 ) . monitor the extent and health of habitat throughout its range ( childers and dinsmore 2008 ) . potentially , future conservation actions for this species may be best targeted at improving chick and adult survival as these factors have been suggested to have a great impact on population growth than nesting success ( see dinsmore
2010 ) . work to find ways to enforce mexican wildlife laws to reduce and prevent the direct take of this species ( andres and stone 2010 ) .
edited population trend justification , threats , geographic range and conservation actions information text . altered actions in place to recognise that a conservation action plan for this species has been published , and edited the reference list . added extra threats , actions needed , a new contributor and a new facilitator / compiler .
( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t22693876a111353209 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
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of the 800 - plus species of birds in the u . s . , 67 are endangered or threatened
( cnn ) - - bird populations native to several areas of the globe are in decline , with some teetering on the brink of extinction , according to a multi - agency report , the first of its kind , released thursday .
the western meadowlark is an endangered bird species , according to a new report .
but some other species are thriving , according to the
state of the birds
report , which credited conservation programs and waterfowl management initiatives that it said can serve as a model in other areas .
every u . s . habitat harbors birds in need of conservation ,
said the report , issued by the cornell university lab of ornithology in conjunction with federal agencies and other organizations .
hawaiian birds and ocean birds appear most at risk , with populations in danger of collapse if immediate conservation measures are not implemented .
of the more than 800 species of birds in the united states , 67 are federally listed as endangered or threatened , the report said . another 184 are
species of conservation concern
because they have small distribution , are facing high threats or have a declining population .
hawaiian birds , particularly , are in crisis , the report said . more than one - third of all u . s . bird species are in hawaii . however , 71 species have gone extinct since the islands were colonized about 300 a . d . , and 10 more species have not been seen in the past 40 years , contributing to fears they , too , have died out .
grassland and arid - land birds are showing the most rapid declines over the last four decades , while forest birds are also declining , the report said .
just as they were when rachel carson published ' silent spring ' nearly 50 years ago , birds today are a bellwether of the health of land , water and ecosystems ,
interior secretary ken salazar said thursday in a statement on the report .
from shorebirds in new england to warblers in michigan to songbirds in hawaii , we are seeing disturbing downward population trends that should set off environmental alarm bells . we must work together now to ensure we never hear the deafening silence in our forests , fields and backyards that rachel carson warned us about .
the declines can be traced to a variety of factors , depending on a bird ' s particular habitat . but the causes most frequently cited in the report are agriculture , climate change , development and energy , and invasive species .
for instance , some of the nation ' s fastest - growing cities - - las vegas , nevada ; phoenix , arizona ; and san diego , california - - are located in arid lands , the report said .
unplanned and sprawling urban development is by far the greatest threat to arid lands .
in addition , invasive non - native plants have been introduced into the area , which can fuel wildfires and destroy native plants . bird species of concern in arid lands include the elf owl , bendire ' s and leconte ' s thrashers and the gilded flicker , the report said . some , such as the california condor , are already listed as endangered or threatened .
in the grasslands , intensified agricultural practices have hurt bird populations , according to the report .
pastures cannot support many birds if overgrazed , burned too frequently or burned at the beginning of the nesting season or the end of the grass - growing season .
in the forest , some species are doing well , but roughly one - third of forest - breeding bird species are showing decline . the same is true for arctic and alpine birds , where 38 percent of the 85 species are of conservation concern , the report said .
game birds are also struggling . of 19 resident game bird species , 47 percent are species of conservation concern , and two species are federally endangered , according to the report . the greatest hope for long - term management of game birds , however , lies in farm bill programs that retire millions of acres of land used for heavy agriculture , the report said .
along the coast and in the ocean , bird populations have been hurt by overfishing , pollution and climate change , among other factors , the report said .
each section of the report contains at least one
reason for hope .
the california condor , for instance , has been reintroduced to some areas , and the bird ' s numbers are growing .
urban birds , such as the american robin , hummingbirds , sparrows and woodpeckers , show a
steady , strong increase
in the last 40 years .
a surprising number of native birds have adapted to life around humans ,
the report said .
. . . the wide variety of native birds that thrive in urban areas underscores the importance of these artificial habitats to the survival of many bird populations .
wetland bird populations remain below historic levels , but
management and conservation measures have contributed to increases of many wetland birds , including hunted waterfowl .
research shows that wetland bird species began to increase in the late 1970s ,
coinciding with major policy shifts from draining to protecting wetlands ,
the report said .
dramatic increases in many wetland generalist species , as well as arctic - nesting geese and cavity - nesting ducks , contribute to this overall trend .
these results emphasize that investment in wetlands contribution has paid huge dividends ,
said kenneth rosenberg , director of conservation science at the cornell lab or ornithology .
now we need to invest similarly in other neglected habitats where birds are undergoing the steepest declines .
taking action now - - particularly in the area of habitat loss - - can help reverse the declining trend seen in some species , according to the report .
the number and scope of severe threats to birds is daunting , but implementing solutions immediately and widely will pay off in benefits to society , the economy and the health of our environment .
it calls for measures such as increased monitoring of bird populations , stricter protection laws , more incentives , sustainable fishing practices and widespread education .
citizen science plays a critical role in monitoring and understanding the threats to these birds and their habitats , and only citizen involvement can help address them ,
said greg butcher , conservation director for the national audubon society .
conservation action can only make a real difference when concerned people support the kind of vital habitat restoration and protection measures this report explores .
since 2000 , wwf has worked in this part of the country to conserve and restore the northern great plains ' natural heritage and native wildlife . so which animals call this beautiful region home , and why do they matter ?
show your love of the tiger with the wwf bankamericard cash rewards visa credit card . bank of america will contribute $ 100 to wwf for each account opened and activated .
help wwf conserve the world ' s wildlife and their homes by symbolically adopting a tiger .
world wildlife fund 1250 24th street , n . w . washington , dc 20037
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
endemic a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area . gregarious tending to form a group with others of the same species by habitually living or moving in flocks or herds rather than alone . incubate to keep eggs warm so that development is possible . incubation the act of incubating eggs , that is , keeping them warm so that development is possible .
del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . and sargatal , j . ( 1996 ) handbook of the birds of the world . vol . 3 : hoatzin to auks . lynx edicions , barcelona .
kaufman , k . ( 1996 ) lives of north american birds . houghton mifflin company , boston .
jones , s . r . and cushman , r . c . ( 2004 ) the north american prairie . houghton mifflin company , boston .
animals animals / earth scenes 17 railroad avenue chatham ny 12037 united states of america tel : + 01 ( 518 ) 3925500 fax : + 01 ( 518 ) 3925550 info @ urltoken http : / / www . urltoken
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team wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planet’s species and habitats from destruction .
wildscreen is a registered charity in england and wales no . 299450 wildscreen usa is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit organisation in the usa
has disappeared from much of former breeding range as former short - grass prairie is converted to farmland . in some areas , decline may be linked to decline in prairie - dogs ( whose colonies formerly furnished good nesting habitat ) .
semi - arid plains , grasslands , plateaus . favors areas of very short grass , even bare soil . typically far from water . nests mostly in short - grass prairie , including overgrazed pasture and very arid plains . in some areas , nests mainly on the rather barren open ground found in large prairie - dog towns . winter habitats include desert flats , plowed fields .
typically they run a few steps and then pause , then run again , pecking at the ground whenever they spot something edible .
3 , sometimes 2 , rarely 1 - 4 . olive - buff with many black marks . incubation is by one or both sexes , 28 - 31 days . on very hot days , adult will stand over eggs , shading them from intense sun . young : downy young leave nest soon after hatching ; are tended by one or both parents , but feed themselves . adults shade young on hot days , and family may seek out any available shade at mid - day . young can fly well at about 33 - 34 days .
downy young leave nest soon after hatching ; are tended by one or both parents , but feed themselves . adults shade young on hot days , and family may seek out any available shade at mid - day . young can fly well at about 33 - 34 days .
in breeding season , male may display by flying high over territory with exaggerated slow wingbeats , calling . female may lay one clutch of eggs and leave male to care for eggs and young , then lay another clutch and incubate it herself . nest site is on flat open ground ( flat sites chosen even in hilly country ) . on featureless plain , nest is often placed close to some conspicuous object , such as a pile of cow manure . nest is shallow scrape in soil . nest lining ( including pebbles , grass , rootlets , chips of cow manure ) added mostly during incubation . several nest scrapes are made , only one is used .
most apparently migrate southwest from breeding grounds ; some go straight south to texas , northern mexico . very rarely strays to eastern united states , mostly in fall and winter .
audio © lang elliott , bob mcguire , kevin colver , martyn stewart and others .
in the broadest and most detailed study of its kind , audubon scientists have used hundreds of thousands of citizen - science observations and sophisticated climate models to predict how birds in the u . s . and canada will react to climate change .
the darker the color , the more favorable the climate conditions are for survival . the outlined areas represent approximate current range for each season .
each map is a visual guide to where a particular bird species may find the climate conditions it needs to survive in the future . we call this the bird’s “climatic range . ”
the darker the shaded area , the more likely it is the bird species will find suitable climate conditions to survive there .
the outline of the approximate current range for each season remains fixed in each frame , allowing you to compare how the range will expand , contract , or shift in the future .
the first frame of the animation shows where the bird can find a suitable climate today ( based on data from 2000 ) . the next three frames predict where this bird’s suitable climate may shift in the future—one frame each for 2020 , 2050 , and 2080 .
you can play or pause the animation with the orange button in the lower left , or select an individual frame to study by clicking on its year .
the darker the color , the more favorable the climate conditions are for survival . the outlined areas represent approximate current range for each season . more on reading these maps .
intimidated to chase a lifer on your own ? don ' t be . just use my bird - finding strategy , known as i . b . i . s .
the company has pledged to invest in a monterey county solar project , but the plan could hurt birds .
tell congress to oppose a harmful rider that threatens sage - grouse and other wildlife .
tell congress and the department of the interior to uphold the country ' s most important bird protection law .
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copyright by borror laboratory of bioacoustics , department of evolution , ecology , and organismal biology , ohio state university , columbus , oh , all rights reserved .
using personal observations and reviewing literature that summarize the breeding , overwintering , or migratory habitat requirements of each species ( dobkin 1992 , hart et al . 1998 , hutto and young 1999 , maxell 2000 , foresman 2012 , adams 2003 , and werner et al . 2004 ) ;
calculating the percentage of observations associated with each ecological system relative to the percent of montana covered by each ecological system to get a measure of
observations versus availability of habitat
.
species that breed in montana were only evaluated for breeding habitat use , species that only overwinter in montana were only evaluated for overwintering habitat use , and species that only migrate through montana were only evaluated for migratory habitat use . in general , species were listed as associated with an ecological system if structural characteristics of used habitat documented in the literature were present in the ecological system or large numbers of point observations were associated with the ecological system . however , species were not listed as associated with an ecological system if there was no support in the literature for use of structural characteristics in an ecological system ,
point observations were associated with that system . common versus occasional association with an ecological system was assigned based on the degree to which the structural characteristics of an ecological system matched the preferred structural habitat characteristics for each species as represented in scientific literature . the percentage of observations associated with each ecological system relative to the percent of montana covered by each ecological system was also used to guide assignment of common versus occasional association . if you have any questions or comments on species associations with ecological systems , please contact the montana natural heritage program ' s senior zoologist .
species associations with ecological systems should be used to generate potential lists of species that may occupy broader landscapes for the purposes of landscape - level planning . these potential lists of species should not be used in place of documented occurrences of species ( this information can be requested at :
) or systematic surveys for species and evaluations of habitat at a local site level by trained biologists . users of this information should be aware that the land cover data used to generate species associations is based on imagery from the late 1990s and early 2000s and was only intended to be used at broader landscape scales . land cover mapping accuracy is particularly problematic when the systems occur as small patches or where the land cover types have been altered over the past decade . thus , particular caution should be used when using the associations in assessments of smaller areas ( e . g . , evaluations of public land survey sections ) . finally , although a species may be associated with a particular ecological system within its known geographic range , portions of that ecological system may occur outside of the species ' known geographic range .
dobkin , d . s . 1992 . neotropical migrant land birds in the northern rockies and great plains . usda forest service , northern region . publication no . r1 - 93 - 34 . missoula , mt .
hart , m . m . , w . a . williams , p . c . thornton , k . p . mclaughlin , c . m . tobalske , b . a . maxell , d . p . hendricks , c . r . peterson , and r . l . redmond . 1998 . montana atlas of terrestrial vertebrates . montana cooperative wildlife research unit , university of montana , missoula , mt . 1302 p .
maxell , b . a . 2000 . management of montana ' s amphibians : a review of factors that may present a risk to population viability and accounts on the identification , distribution , taxonomy , habitat use , natural history , and the status and conservation of individual species . report to u . s . forest service region 1 . missoula , mt : wildlife biology program , university of montana . 161 p .
this opportunistic bird feeds primarily on insects ( grasshoppers , crickets , beetles , flies , ants ) . it takes prey from the ground , and selects different food items at different locales ( knopf 1996 ) .