stenodactylus doriae , commonly known as the middle eastern short-fingered gecko or doria 's comb-fingered gecko , is a species of lizard in the family gekkonidae .

stenodactylus doriae

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bouskila , a . 1987 . preliminary observations on the ecology of stenodactylus doriae . hardun , jour . israel herp . inf . center 4 ( 1987 ) : e9 - e10
description of choleoeimeria duszynskii n . sp . ( apicomplexa : eimeriidae ) from the gallbladder of the middle eastern short - fingered gecko stenodactylus doriae ( blanford ) ( sauria : gekkonidae ) in saudi arabia
description of choleoeimeria duszynskii n . sp . ( apicomplexa : eimeriidae ) from the gallbladder of the middle eastern short - fingered gecko stenodactylus doriae ( blanford ) ( sauria : gekkonidae ) in saudi arabia | springerlink
bi tree of the genus stenodactylus inferred using 12s , 16s mtdna and . . . | download scientific diagram
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arkive species - slevin’s sand gecko ( stenodactylus slevini )
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arkive species - arabian sand gecko ( stenodactylus arabicus )
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synonymy : the paratype of s . leptocosymbotes leviton and anderson , 1967 is a s . doriae , albeit with a very short digital fringe [ fide arnold 1980 : 399 ] . population genetics : the habitat specialist s . doriae had a low level of gene flow whereas the habitat generalist s . sthenodactylus had a relatively high level of gene flow . the most isolated population of s . doriae , exhibited the highest level of gene diversity . the generalist s . sthenodactylus , in contrast , did not exhibit an exceptional level of gene diversity [ peled et al . 2014 ] . distribution : see map in smid et al . 2014 for distribution in iran .
arnold e n 1980 . reptiles of saudi arabia . a review of the lizard genus stenodactylus ( reptilia : gekkonidae ) . fauna of saudi arabia 2 : 368 - 404
fujita , matthew k . and theodore j . papenfuss 2011 . molecular systematics of stenodactylus ( gekkonidae ) , an afro - arabian gecko species complex . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 58 ( 1 ) : 71 - 75 - get paper here
little information is available on the biology of slevin’s sand gecko . it is a nocturnal , ground - dwelling species ( 5 ) , which , like other geckos , is likely to feed on insects and other small invertebrates ( 4 ) . like the closely related arabian sand gecko ( stenodactylus arabicus ) , the female may lay a single egg ( 3 ) . the young slevin’s sand gecko is reported to produce a distraction display when confronted by a potential predator , passing waves of movement along the extended tail . this is thought to distract the predator’s attention towards the tail , which is expendable , and away from the vulnerable head and body ( 5 ) .
active at night , the middle eastern short - fingered gecko is most commonly encountered walking slowly across the desert sands , body raised high off the ground on its long legs ( 2 ) . prey mainly comprises insects and arachnids , which are caught by active pursuit or by remaining still and using an ambush strategy ( 6 ) ( 7 ) . as prey is located by sight , the middle eastern short - fingered gecko is usually more active on moonlit nights ( 7 ) .
during the daytime , the middle eastern short - fingered gecko resides in a burrow which it excavates in the sand . this provides shelter from the extremely high surface temperatures and from predators . while inside the burrow , this species will further deter discovery by predators , such as snakes , by obliterating the burrow entrance using vigorous tail sweeps ( 6 ) ( 7 ) . in order to construct a stable burrow , the middle eastern short - fingered gecko requires the presence of a thin surface crust , formed from microorganisms and the chemicals they produce , which bind the sand grains together . the middle eastern short - fingered gecko usually has several burrows in its home range , and will reside in each for a few days , before switching to one of the alternatives ( 6 ) .
inhabiting the middle east and the arabian peninsula , the middle eastern short - fingered gecko can be found in saudi arabia , iran , iraq , israel , the united arab emirates , oman and jordan ( 3 ) .
the middle eastern short - fingered gecko can be found on the loose , wind - blown sands of dunes and sandy plains ( 2 ) ( 5 ) .
the middle eastern short - fingered gecko is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
although apparently common , at least in some parts of its range ( 6 ) ( 8 ) , the middle eastern short - fingered gecko’s habitat is surprisingly vulnerable to disturbance ( 6 ) . trampling of sand by livestock and off - road vehicles destroys the surface crust that supports burrow excavation , and can therefore have a negative impact on this species ( 6 ) .
the middle eastern short - fingered gecko is found in the al wathba wetland reserve , in the emirate of abu dhabi , where it receives protection from the increasing disturbance that is occurring as a result of land reclamation for housing and farming ( 8 ) . any future conservation efforts within this species’ range should take into account its vulnerability to disturbance from trampling ( 6 ) .
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hellyer , p . and aspinall , s . ( 2005 ) the emirates : a natural history . trident press limited , united arab emirates .
boulenger , g . a . ( 2001 ) catalogue of the lizards in the british museum ( natural history ) . volume 1 . adamant media corporation , boston .
vine , p . and al - abed , i . ( 1997 ) natural emirates : wildlife and environment of the united arab emirates . trident press ltd , london .
zaadyw , e . and bouskilaz , a . ( 2002 ) lizard burrows association with successional stages of biological soil crusts in an arid sandy region . journal of arid environments , 50 : 235 - 246 .
tourenq , c . , barcelo , i . , kumari , a . and drew , c . ( 2005 ) the terrestrial mammals , reptiles and invertebrates of al wathba wetland reserve – species list and status report . environmental research and wildlife development agency , abu dhabi .
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this species is featured in jewels of the uae , which showcases biodiversity found in the united arab emirates in association with the environment agency – abu dhabi .
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al - quran , s . 2009 . the herpetofauna of the southern jordan . american - eurasian j . agric . & environ . sci . , 6 ( 4 ) : 385 - 391 [ this journal has a dubious record , see urltoken
al - shammari , ahmed m . 2012 . additional records of lizards in ha ' il province , saudi arabia . russ . j . herpetol . 19 ( 4 ) : 287 - 291 - get paper here
alshammari , ahmed m . and adel a . ibrahim 2015 . lizards and snakes in the historical faid protected area ( faid hema ) , ha ' il region , saudi arabia . herp . cons . biol . 10 ( 3 ) - get paper here
alshammari , ahmed m . and adel a . ibrahim 2015 . lizards and snakes in the historical faid protected area ( faid hema ) , ha ' il region , saudi arabia herp . cons . biol . 10 ( 3 ) : 1021–1029 - get paper here
anderson , john 1896 . a contribution to the herpetology of arabia , with a preliminary list of the reptiles and batrachians of egypt . london , r . h . porter , 124 pp .
anderson , steven c 1999 . the lizards of iran . contributions to herpetology volume 15 , society for the study of amphibians and reptiles , saint louis , missouri : i - vii , 1 - 442 [ review in copeia 2000 ( 4 ) : 1144 ] - get paper here
anderson , s . c . 1963 . amphibians and reptiles from iran . proc . cal . acad . sci . ser . 4 , 31 ( 16 ) : 417 - 498 - get paper here
arnold e n 1980 . the scientific results of the oman flora and fauna survey 1977 ( dhofar ) . the reptiles and amphibians of dhofar , southern arabia . journal of oman studies special report ( no . 2 ) : 273 - 332 - get paper here
bar , aviad and guy haimovitch 2012 . a field guide to reptiles and amphibians of israel . pazbar ltd , 246 pp . - get paper here
bauer , aaron m . ; rafaqat masroor , james titus - mcquillan , matthew p . heinicke , , juan d . daza & todd r . jackman 2013 . a preliminary phylogeny of the palearctic naked - toed geckos ( reptilia : squamata : gekkonidae ) with taxonomic implications . zootaxa 3599 ( 4 ) : 301–324 - get paper here
beolens , bo ; michael watkins , and michael grayson 2011 . the eponym dictionary of reptiles . johns hopkins university press , baltimore , usa - get paper here
blanford , w . t . 1874 . descriptions of new lizards from persia and baluchistàn . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 13 : 453 - 455 - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1885 . catalogue of the lizards in the british museum ( nat . hist . ) i . geckonidae , eublepharidae , uroplatidae , pygopodidae , agamidae . london : 450 pp . - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1887 . a list of the reptiles and batrachians obtained near muscat , arabia , and presented to the british museum by surgeon - major a . s . g . jayakar . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 20 : 407 - 408 - get paper here
carranza s , xipell m , tarroso p , gardner a , arnold en , robinson md , et al . 2018 . diversity , distribution and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles of oman ( sauropsida , squamata ) . plos one 13 ( 2 ) : e0190389 - get paper here
cogălniceanu , dan ; aurora castilla , aitor valdeon , alberto gosa , noora al jaidah , ali alkuwary , essam saifelnasr , paloma mas , renee richer , ahmad amer al hemaidi 2014 . a preliminary report on the distribution of lizards in qatar . zookeys 373 ( 2014 ) : 67 - 91 < br / > doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 373 . 5994 - get paper here
disi , a . m . ; modry , d . ; necas , p . & rifai , l . 2001 . amphibians and reptiles of the hashemite kingdom of jordan . edition chimaira , frankfurt , 408 pp .
grossmann , wolfgang ; thomas kowalski & hans - jürgen zilger 2012 . überraschendes arabien 2 . 0 . teil 2 . terraria - elaphe 2012 ( 2 ) : 50 - 57 - get paper here
haas , georg 1957 . some amphibians and reptiles from arabia . proc . cal . acad . sci . 29 ( 3 ) : 47 - 86 - get paper here
henkel , f . - w . 2003 . herpetological expedition through oman . reptilia ( gb ) ( 27 ) : 50 - 55 - get paper here
jongbloed , m . 2000 . field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of the uae - wild about reptiles . barkers trident communications , 116 pp .
leviton , a . e . & anderson , s . c . 1967 . survey of the reptiles of the sheikdom of abu dhabi , arabian peninsula . part ii . systematic account of the collction of reptiles made in the sheikdom of abu daby by john gasperetti . proc . cal . acad . sci . ( 4 ) 39 : 157 - 192 - get paper here
leviton , a . e . ; anderson , s . c . ; adler , k . ; minton , s . a . 1992 . handbook to middle east amphibians and reptiles . ssar , oxford , ohio ( contr . to herpetol . no . 8 ) , 1 - 252
parker , h . w . 1930 . three new reptiles from southern arabia . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 6 : 594—598
peled , e . ; r . ben - shlomo & u . shanas 2014 . specialists may thrive in small habitats : the case of high genetic diversity within a confined gecko population . journal of zoology , doi : 10 . 1111 / jzo . 12124 - get paper here
rastegar - pouyani , nasrullah ; haji gholi kami , mehdi rajabzadeh , soheila shafiei and steven clement anderson 2008 . annotated checklist of amphibians and reptiles of iran . iranian journal of animal biosystematics 4 ( 1 ) : 7 - 30
rösler , h . 2000 . kommentierte liste der rezent , subrezent und fossil bekannten geckotaxa ( reptilia : gekkonomorpha ) . gekkota 2 : 28 - 153
sindaco , r . & jeremcenko , v . k . 2008 . the reptiles of the western palearctic . edizioni belvedere , latina ( italy ) , 579 pp . - get paper here
šmíd , jiří ; jiří moravec , petr kodym , lukáš kratochvíl , seyyed saeed hosseinian yousefkhani , eskandar rastegar - pouyani & daniel frynta 2014 . annotated checklist and distribution of the lizards of iran . zootaxa 3855 ( 1 ) : 001–097
steindachner , franz 1903 . batrachier und reptilien von südarabien und sokotra , gesammelt während der südarabischen expedition der kaiserlichen akademie der wissenschaften . sitzungsb . akad . wiss . wien , math . - naturwiss . kl . , 112 , abt . 1 : 7 - 14 - get paper here
van der kooij , jeroen 2001 . the herpetofauna of the sultanate of oman : part 2 : the geckoes . podarcis 1 ( 4 ) : 105 - 120
werner , f . 1917 . reptilien aus persien ( provinz fars ) . verhandlungen der kaiserlich - königlichen zoologisch - botanischen gesellschaft in wien , 67 : 191—220 . - get paper here
werner , y . l . ; okada , s . ; ota , h . ; perry , g . & tokunaga , s . 1997 . varied and fluctuating foraging modes in nocturnal lizards of the family gekkonidae . asiatic herpetological research 7 : 153 - 165 - get paper here
werner , yehudah l . 2008 . tales of tails . gekko 5 ( 2 ) : 6 - 18
wilms , t . 2007 . unternehmen “dornschwanzagame” : das reptilium - freilandforschungsprojekt in saudi - arabien . draco 8 ( 31 ) : 45 - 54 - get paper here
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
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this species ranges from southwestern israel and southern and eastern jordan , south into saudi arabia , the united arab emirates , yemen and oman , and east into iraq , southwestern iran ( fars and kerman provinces and the lower mesopotamian plain [ anderson 1999 ] ) . it occurs from sea level up to 1 , 000 m asl .
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all photos and information taken and written by alejandro lozano unless stated otherwise . none of the photos or information may be used without alejandro lozano ' s express permission .
terra typica : bandar abbas , persia ( = iran ) . ( distribution info from embl , see
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these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
the author extends his appreciation to the deanship of scientific research at king saud university for funding the work through the research group project number rgp - vpp - 004 .
abdel - baki , a . s . , abdel - haleem , h . m . , & al - quraishy , s . ( 2013 ) . redescription of
al - oran , r . m . ( 2000 ) . notable herpetological records from central and southern jordan .
al - quraishy , s . , abdel - baki , a . s . , & al otaibi , m . s . a . ( 2013 ) .
al - sadoon , m . k . ( 2004 ) . student handbook for practical herpetology . management of scientific publishing and printing presses , king saud university , saudi arabia , 159 pp .
carini , a . , & pinto , c . ( 1926 ) . estudos sobre coccideas .
( apicomplexa : eimeriidae ) , coccidian of bile - bladder of reptiles , illustrating a multiplicity of host cell - parasite interrelatios .
paperna , i . , & landsberg , j . h . ( 1989 ) . description and taxonomic discussion of eimerian coccidian from african and levantine geckoes .
abdel - baki , aa . s . syst parasitol ( 2014 ) 87 : 299 . urltoken
chief editor : prof dr abdulaziz h . abuzinada editors : e . r . robinson , iyad a . nader & yousef i . al wetaid publisher
the following are the key taxa that have been included in the updated syatem plan for saudi arabia ( llewellyn in prep ) . species were selected by applying the following set of criteria and the numbers in the species lists refer to which criterion or criteria qualify particular organisms for inclusion as “key taxa” .
1 ) . genera , species , or subspecies that are critically endangered , endangered , or vulnerable ( globally , regionally , or nationally ) ; taxa which are locally extinct in the wild may be included , provided that there is an ncwcd policy to reintroduce them .
2 ) . genera , species , or subspecies that are endemic to the arabian peninsula , the red sea , or the gulf .
3 ) . genera , species , or subspecies of which the conservation of populations within saudi arabia is essential to the conservation of the taxon ( e . g . near - endemics and migrants for which saudi arabia represents a critical range ) .
4 ) . relict genera , species , or subspecies that are of global , regional , or national significance .
5 ) . genera or species of special ecological importance ( i . e . fulfilling a vitally important function in an ecosystem such as providing a key habitat for other species , serving as indicator species , etc ) .
7 ) . genera or species that serve a “flagship” function ( i . e . high - profile species of cultural value , the protection of which will also protect large numbers of other species that share their habitats ) .
the list of key plant species is based on existing information available to the ncwcd . however , more research needs to be done ; new species from saudi arabia are being discovered every year , and many of these new species are endemics . already , some 246 endemic species have been listed by mrs . sheila collenette , and many of these are rare , vulnerable , or threatened , such as a number of succulent asclepiads and aloes , or the endemic genus dolichorhynchus .
similarly many of the relict plants of mediterranean , eurasian , or african origin such as the almond prunus korshinskyii , the tulip tulipa biflora , or the heather erica arborea , survive in small populations in restricted localities , which makes them especially vulnerable . during long - term climatic fluctuations , such relict populations may play a vitally important role in the conservation and re - dispersal of genetic material , as well as the evolution of new forms .
species of special ecological importance include the brown algae , seagrasses , mangroves , and junipers , which constitute the habitats of exceptionally large numbers of other species . species of actual or potential economic importance such as the truffles , some of the aloes , maerua crassifolia , artemisia judaica , the wild barleys , the wild olive , and feral date palms may be endangered by overharvesting , but at the same time represent opportunities for conservation through sustainable use . some of these are medicinal plants , or wild crop strains of potential agricultural importance .
several of the plants mentioned above could serve as flagship species . so are spectacular species such as the dragon tree dracaena ombet , the “desert rose” adenium obesum , the one apparently native population of oleander in the kingdom , the ban tree moringa peregrina , and mimusops laurifolia , the largest of saudi arabia’s trees . a good example of a flagship species is the lote tree ziziphus spina - christi , with its many uses in arabian culture from shade to fruit and forage , soap , timber , and honey production , its recurrence in the qur’anic imagery of paradise , and the teachings of the prophet muhammad , upon whom be blessings and peace , condemning its destruction .
aloe x abhaica lavr . & collen . ined . ( 1 , 2 )
crinum album ( forssk . ) herbert = c . yemense ( 1 , 7 )
adenium obesum ( forssk . ) roem . & schult . ( 2 or 3 , 6 , 7 )
angolluma commutata ( berger ) plowes ssp . sheilae plowes ( 1 , 2 ) angolluma deflersiana ( lavr . ) plowes ( 1 )
commiphora erythraea ( ehrenb . ) engl . ( 1 , 6 , 7 )
commiphora gileadensis ( l . ) c . christ . ( 6 , 7 )
gypsophila umbricola ( j . r . i . wood ) r . a . king ( 1 , 2 )
arthrocnemum macrostachyum ( moric . ) k . koch ( 5 , 7 ? )
crepis sancta ( l . ) bornm . ssp . sancta ( 1 , 2 )
kleinia pendula ( forssk . ) sch . bip . ( 2 , 7 )
dracaena ombet ky & peyr . ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 7 )
flueggea virosa ( roxb . ex . willd . ) voight = securinega virosa ( 1 , 4 )
enteropogon macrostachyos ( hochst . ex . a . rich ) munro ex benth . ( 4 )
halophila ovalis ( r . br . ) hook . f . ( 5 )
faidherbia albida ( delile ) a . chev . ( 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 )
recherche bei umlauten ggf . über ae , oe , ue suchen ! dasselbe gilt : wenn mit „ß“ kein ergebnis vorliegt , ggf mit „ss“ suchen ! bei den
recherche bei umlauten ggf . über ae , oe , ue suchen ! dasselbe gilt : wenn mit „ß“ kein ergebnis vorliegt , ggf . mit „ss“ suchen ! bei den signaturnummern gibt das letzte kürzel ( z .
a ( 1 ) indefinite article , c . 1150 , a variation of o . e . an ( see an ) in which the - n - began to disappear before consonants , a process mostly complete by 1340 . t
a ( 1 ) indefinite article , c . 1150 , a variation of o . e . an ( see an ) in which the - n - began to disappear before consonants , a process mostly complete by 1340 .
this bibliography contains isee newsletter entries , vols . 1 - 16 , 1990 - 2005 , but not 2006 newsletter entries . they will be merged into this document spring 2007 .
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ay 59 . u55 195 1953 the unicorn book of 195 / prepared under the editorial direction of joseph laffan morse .
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bauer , a . m . , masroor , r . , titus - mcquillan , j . , heinicke , m . p . , daza , j . d . and jackman , t . r . 2013 . a preliminary phylogeny of the palearctic naked - toed geckos ( reptilia : squamata : gekkonidae ) with taxonomic implications . zootaxa 3599 ( 4 ) : 301 - 324 .
soorae , p . , amr , z . s . s . , al johany , a . m . h . , els , j . , sharifi , m . , papenfuss , t . , sadek , r . , disi , a . m . , hraoui - bloquet , s . , werner , y . l . & shafiei bafti , s .
justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .
this species ranges from southwestern israel and southern and eastern jordan , south into saudi arabia , the united arab emirates , yemen and oman , and east into iraq , southwestern iran ( fars and kerman provinces and the lower mesopotamian plain [ anderson 1999 ] ) . it occurs from sea level up to 1 , 000 m asl .
it can be locally abundant in suitable habitat ( van der kooij 2000 ) .
this terrestrial species is only found in the areas between mobile sandy dunes , where there is a ' green crust ' substrate in which the species can dig burrows . the females lay clutches of one to two eggs . it is not present in agricultural land .
there appear to be no threats to the species in iran , and it is widespread in the united arab emirates and oman ( t . papenfuss pers . comm . september 2008 ) . there are no threats in saudi arabia . in israel and jordan , this species is threatened by habitat loss through trampling of the green crust by livestock ( goats and other animals ) and by students visiting the habitat .
it is found in protected areas in saudi arabia . it is found in protected areas in both jordan ( wadi rum reserve and dana wildlife reserve ) and israel . it is perhaps not present in protected areas within iran ( t . papenfuss pers . comm . september 2008 ) . it is protected by national legislation in israel where it is considered to be a highly threatened species .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
soorae , p . , amr , z . s . s . , al johany , a . m . h . , els , j . , sharifi , m . , papenfuss , t . , sadek , r . , disi , a . m . , hraoui - bloquet , s . , werner , y . l . & shafiei bafti , s . 2012 .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2012 : e . t164683a115304527 .
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this species is present in saudi arabia , southern and central oman and the united arab emirates . it is found from sea level to 500 - 600 m asl .
saharan northern africa , from senegal and mauritania in the west to the western negev in israel . penetrates into the northern ( sandy ) fringes of the sahel . three reports from sudan : between atbara and berber ( loveridge 1947 ) , around the second cataract ( mathiasson 1964 [ in mahmoud et al . 1997 ] ) and from dabarosa ( west side of nile opposite wadi haifa , smith et al . [ 1998 ] ) , but it is likely to be found further south in that country .
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plasticity , or are , to an extent , a result of both ( i . e . , adaptive
increases in colder and wetter ( i . e . , more productive ) areas .
temperature on size , we used worldclim data ( at a 2 . 5 - mi
even stronger vifs ( i . e . , of 10 ) have recently been criti -
size ( meiri et al . 2004 ) . we do this by comparing the
rainfall ( seven species , vs . none that increase in size ) , but
in npp of species showing clines is 0 . 776 versus 0 . 396 of
moregulate ) , the impact of other factors ( e . g . , food , sexual
some non - emergent traits ( e . g . , body size , metabolic rate )
pendent data - points . ( 2 ) in our data ( see above ) there
her life was interrupted on her way to her ph . d viva . natalia’s work
ashton , k . g . , tracy , m . c . , & de queiroz , a . ( 2000 ) . is bergmann’s
dayan , t . , tchernov , e . , yom - tov , y . , & simberloff , d . ( 1989 ) .
feldman , a . & meiri , s . ( 2013 ) . length - mass allometry in snakes .
iverson , j . b . ( 1982 ) . adaptations to herbivory in iguanine lizards . in
g . m . burghardt , & a . s . rand ( eds . ) , iguanas of the world .
meiri , s . ( 2008 ) . evolution and ecology of lizard body sizes .
meiri , s . ( 2010 ) . length - weight allometries in lizards .
feldman , a . , castro - herrera , f . , novosolov , m . , paﬁlis , p . ,
pincheira - donoso , d . , powney , g . , torres - carvajal , o . , uetz , p . ,
& van damme , r . ( 2013 ) . are lizards feeling the heat ? a tale of
meiri , s . , & dayan , t . ( 2003 ) . on the validity of bergmann’s rule .
meiri , s . , yom - tov , y . , & geffen , e . ( 2007 ) . what determines
olalla - tarraga , m . a . , rodriguez , m . a . , & hawkins , b . a . ( 2006 ) .
pincheira - donoso , d . ( 2010 ) . the balance between predictions and
pincheira - donoso , d . ( 2011 ) . predictable variation of range - sizes
pincheira - donoso , d . , bauer , a . m . , meiri , s . , & uetz , p . ( 2013 ) .
pincheira - donoso , d . , fox , s . f . , scolaro , j . a . , ibargu
pincheira - donoso , d . , hodgson , d . j . , & tregenza , t . ( 2008a ) . the
pincheira - donoso , d . , scolaro , j . a . , & sura , p . ( 2008b ) . a
pincheira - donoso , d . , tregenza , t . , & hodgson , d . j . ( 2007 ) . body
yom - tov , y . ( 2003 ) . body sizes of carnivores commensal with
yom - tov , y . , & geffen , e . ( 2006 ) . the determination of mammal
. . . these clades , liolaemus and phymaturus , display highly contrasting patterns of biodiversity distribution . at one extreme , liolaemus is one of the most prolific genera among living vertebrates , numbering 270 + species [ 17 ] and inhabiting one the widest ranges of environmental / climatic conditions recorded among reptiles [ 12 , [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] . these unique features have contributed to consolidate liolaemus as a highly promising vertebrate model system to investigate diversification , adaptation and extinction theories [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] . . . .
. . . species of the andean dwelling palluma group , inhabiting colder climatic conditions at higher altitudes , have evolved larger body sizes as shown by the larger 96 . 5 mm adaptive peak . the pattern of larger bodied species occupying colder environmental temperatures is the fundamental prediction of bergmann ' s rule , which , despite being consistently rejected in the sister genus liolaemus [ 20 , 64 , 94 ] , is a question yet to be statistically analysed in phymaturus . the explicit testing of niche - overlap within the genus , in conjunction with the findings presented here , is needed before phymaturus can be established as an example of a non - adaptive radiation as is often hypothesised . . . .
. . . body size is thought not to affect snake meristic characters , as those are probably determined during embryonic development and do not change during later ontogeny ( ewert , 1985 ) . because body size does affect a wide array of morphological attributes of species ( e . g . , peters 1983 , calder 1984 , and can vary geographically in snakes ( pincheira - donoso & meiri 2013 ) , we nonetheless examined whether it can predict meristic traits such as scale counts . we used svl as a proxy to body size , as it has an advantage over body mass within a species , which is more prone to change during an individual ' s life time , because of its reproductive and nutritional status and because of seasonality ( feldman & meiri , 2013 ) . . . .
. . . most ectotherms follow the temperature–size rule with smaller adult body size under lower temperatures . this holds true especially when tested under controlled conditions , but such a pattern in nature is less often discovered , especially when comparing latitudinal clines of body size ( blanckenhorn & demont , 2004 ; shelomi , 2012 ; pincheira - donoso & meiri , 2013 ) . our results support the recent conclusion of shelomi ( 2012 ) , that the effect of temperature on insect body size under natural conditions is more complex or species - specific . . . .
. . . most ectotherms follow the temperature - size rule with smaller adult body size under lower temperatures . this holds true especially when tested under controlled conditions , but such a pattern in nature is less often discovered , especially when comparing latitudinal clines of body size ( blanckenhorn & demont , 2004 ; shelomi , 2012 ; pincheira - donoso & meiri , 2013 ) . our results support the recent conclusion of shelomi ( 2012 ) , that the effect of temperature on insect body size under natural conditions is more complex or species - specific . . . .
. . . increased temperature generally results in faster growth rates , shorter development times , and smaller adult size in insects and other ectotherms ( nylin and gotthard 1998 ) . olallatarraga and rodriguez ( 2007 ) claimed that similar selection pressures acting on endotherms can apply to behaviourally thermoregulating ectotherms ( but seeadams and church 2008 ; pincheira - donoso and meiri 2013 ) . terrestrial isopods behaviourally thermoregulate to a certain extent ( hassall et al . 2010 ) , but show little tendency ( especially within closely related taxa ) to follow bergmann ' s rule . . . .
. . . journal of biogeography published by john wiley & sons ltd . summer and winter temperatures may also help to explain mixed support for the heat conservation hypothesis . some studies measured skeleton dimensions to quantify body size , whereas others measure total body mass , including both lean mass and energy reserves , which may confound attempts to assign cause ( pincheira - donoso & meiri , 2013 ) . this is because an animal that is designed to resist starvation might be selected to be highly adipose , so that it has a high ratio of fuel stores to energetic requirements . . . .
. . . however , despite years of intense study , its effect on continental - level gradients in ectotherms is still debated ( e . g . intraspecific : ashton & feldman , 2003 ; pincheira - donoso & meiri , 2013 ; interspecific : olalla - t arraga et al . , 2006 ; pincheira - donoso et al . , 2008 ; terribile et al . , 2009 ; feldman & meiri , 2014 ) . several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the effect of climate on body size . . . .
. . . there is an extended debate about the interpretation of this rule and its application to different groups and scales beyond bergmann ' s original postulation ( blackburn et al . , 1999 ) . the inclusion of a mechanism driving the pattern as part of the rule has been also matter of debate ( reviews in watt , mitchell & salewski , analysed also in ectothermic species ( ray , 1960 ; lindsey , 1966 ; ashton & feldman , 2003 ; olalla - tárraga & rodríguez , 2007 ; pincheira - donoso & meiri , 2013 ) . the study of this rule in ectotherms yielded contradictory results , reporting different trends among different groups . . . .
. . . alternatively , smaller body size at high elevation may also be nonadaptive and may be the result of reduced activity times that limit growth ( sears and angilletta 2004 ; caruso et al . 2014 ) . finally , individuals are also subject to a range of abiotic and biotic selection pressures beyond temperature , including but not limited to microhabitat availability , competition , predation , disease , and resource availability , all of which may influence body size ( angilletta et al . 2004b ; pincheira - donoso and meiri 2013 ) . although the precise mechanisms underlying inverse size clines remain unknown , it is clear that they were constructed in different ways on cuba and hispaniola . . . .
. . . members of this genus are small - to medium - sized , diurnal , terrestrial , and oviparous species that inhabit semi - arid to desert ecosystems from the iberian peninsula , through north africa , to the middle east and west india , including cyprus and the arabian peninsula ( salvador , the huge geographical range of a . boskianus includes areas with very different climates ( from submediterranean climate on the sea coasts of north africa to the hyperarid climate of central sahara ) . this wide range leads to adaptations to different environments , with great geographical variation ( boulenger , 1921 ; salvador , 1982 ; arnold , 1983 ; pincheira - donoso & meiri , 2013 ) and consequent taxonomic confusion . this problem is well known ( salvador , 1982 ; arnold , 1983 ; baha el din , 2006 ) and has great effect when examining closely related species in an attempt to assess their systematic status . arnold ( 1983 ) suggested that a . boskianus and a . schreiberi might be sister species as they share a relatively high number of primitive features . . . .
this is a special issue in biological conservation that just came out - december 2016 . there are some great cutting edge manuscripts in this issue on reptile conservation .
the balance between predictions and evidence and the search for universal macroecological patterns : . . .
geographical variation in environmental temperatures is expected to impose clinal phenotypic selection that results in the expression of large - scale gradients of body mass variation within animal clades . body size is predicted to increase with increasing latitude and elevation , and hence , with decreasing temperature , a pattern broadly known as bergmann ' s rule . however , empirical observations . . . [ show full abstract ]
bergmann’s rule ( i . e . , the tendency of body size to increase with decreasing environmental temperature ) was originally explained by a mechanism that is unique to endotherms . nevertheless , geographic variation of body size of ectotherms , including snakes , is increasingly studied , and some claim that the rule should apply to ectotherms , or to thermoregulating ectotherms . such studies usually . . . [ show full abstract ]
predictable variation of range - sizes across an extreme environmental gradient in a lizard adaptive r . . .
large - scale patterns of current species geographic range - size variation reflect historical dynamics of dispersal and provide insights into future consequences under changing environments . evidence suggests that climate warming exerts major damage on high latitude and elevation organisms , where changes are more severe and available space to disperse tracking historical niches is more limited . . . . [ show full abstract ]
the liolaemidae lizard evolutionary radiation has resulted from active spatial expansions into an extensive territorial area accompanied by active events of cladogenesis that have produced high levels of taxonomic and ecological diversity , es - pecially within the liolaemus genus . as a result , these lizards have been for decades the subject of intense taxonomic and systematic debates . here , i . . . [ show full abstract ]
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slevin’s sand gecko is a small gecko with a large head , a tapering tail , and relatively slender , rounded toes ( 2 ) . as in other gecko species , the eyes are large , with a pupil that contracts to a vertical slit , and the skin is soft , with small scales ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . the body of slevin’s sand gecko is a fairly dark sandy colour , lighter on the underside , and with bands and mottling that range from orange to brown ( 2 ) . there is a chevron mark on the back of the head ( 3 ) . the juvenile has strong light and dark barring on the tail , which is somewhat reduced in adults ( 5 ) .
slevin’s sand gecko occurs in saudi arabia , bahrain , kuwait , southern iraq , yemen , the western united arab emirates , and qatar ( 2 ) ( 6 ) .
this species is reported to inhabit areas of relatively firm sand in sandy plains ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) .
slevin ' s sand gecko is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
little is known about the threats faced by this species . in areas such as the united arab emirates , it may potentially by impacted by a range of threats to its habitat , including urbanisation , development , overgrazing , overextraction of groundwater , pollution , and increasing levels of tourism ( 7 ) . however , its status in the wild , as well as its occurrence in the pet trade , are currently unknown .
there are no known conservation measures specifically in place for slevin’s sand gecko . in the united arab emirates , the environment agency - abu dhabi ( ead ) are working to protect and manage biodiversity in the region ( 8 ) , but further research into slevin’s sand gecko is likely to be needed before any specific conservation action can be taken for this attractive small lizard .
hellyer , p . and aspinall , s . ( 2005 ) the emirates : a natural history . trident press limited , london .
invertebrates animals with no backbone , such as insects , crustaceans , worms , molluscs , spiders , cnidarians ( jellyfish , corals , sea anemones ) , echinoderms , and others . nocturnal active at night .
halliday , t . and adler , k . ( 2002 ) the new encyclopedia of reptiles and amphibians . oxford university press , oxford .
arnold , e . n . ( 1984 ) evolutionary aspects of tail shedding in lizards and their relatives . journal of natural history , 18 : 127 - 169 .
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a small and attractively marked gecko , the arabian sand gecko is unusual for its webbed feet , which increase the surface area for burrowing and walking on soft sand ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . the skin is delicate and pinkish in colour , almost transparent , and the relatively long tail has distinctive white and brown bands ( 3 ) , particularly in juveniles ( 4 ) . like other gecko species ( 2 ) ( 5 ) , the arabian sand gecko has a large head , with large eyes that have vertical pupils . the male is somewhat smaller and more slender than the female ( 3 ) .
little information is available on the biology of the arabian sand gecko . active at night , it is a ground - dwelling species ( 4 ) ( 7 ) , and the female is reported to lay a single egg ( 2 ) . like other geckos , it is likely to feed on insects and other small invertebrates ( 5 ) .
the arabian sand gecko is found in saudi arabia , bahrain , oman , kuwait and the united arab emirates ( 3 ) ( 6 ) .
the arabian sand gecko inhabits the loose sand of dunes , coastal beaches and sandy plains ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 7 ) .
the arabian sand gecko is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
very little is known about the threats to this small gecko . it is sometimes kept as a pet , but is apparently relatively rare in captivity , its delicate nature making it difficult to care for ( 3 ) . in areas such as the united arab emirates , the species may potentially be impacted by a range of threats to its habitat , including urbanisation , industrial development , overgrazing , overextraction of groundwater , pollution , and increasing levels of tourism ( 8 ) . however , the status of the arabian sand gecko throughout its range is currently unknown .
there are currently no specific conservation measures known to be in place for the arabian sand gecko . in the united arab emirates , the environment agency - abu dhabi ( ead ) is working to protect and manage biodiversity in the region , and to promote sustainable development ( 9 ) . further research is likely to be needed into its biology , populations and the threats it faces , before specific conservation action can be taken for this delicate small lizard .
invertebrates animals with no backbone , such as insects , crustaceans , worms , molluscs , spiders , cnidarians ( jellyfish , corals , sea anemones ) , echinoderms , and others .
vine , p . ( 1996 ) natural emirates : wildlife and environment of the united arab emirates . trident press , london .
this is a small lizard with a total length smaller than 15 cm . it is quite a colourful gecko showing pinkish skin with yellow and dark reticules , but without dorsal tubercles . the toes of the forefeet are fringed but they have not adhesive pads in their toes . they do not climb vertical surfaces but are strictly ground dwelling geckos . this is a nocturnal species , during the day it hides in burrows . they can be found in vegetated sandy habitats . they eat insects and other small invertebrates . females dig burrows in the sand to lay the eggs .
we have found 15 scientific publications about the species in international databases . most studies are general and about their geographic distribution . few studies focus on ecology , osteology , tail regeneration and genetics . no information about the ecology of the species exists for qatar
description of choleoeimeria duszynskii n . sp . ( apicomplexa : eimeriidae ) from the gallbladder of the middle eastern short - fingered gecko stenodactylusdoriae ( blanford ) ( sauria : gekkonidae ) in saudi arabia - proquest
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description of choleoeimeria duszynskii n . sp . ( apicomplexa : eimeriidae ) from the gallbladder of the middle eastern short - fingered gecko stenodactylusdoriae ( blanford ) ( sauria : gekkonidae ) in saudi arabia
systematic parasitology ; dordrecht vol . 87 , iss . 3 , ( mar 2014 ) : 299 - 304 .
type status : other material . occurrence : recordedby : salvador carranza ; raquel vasconcelos ; margarita metallinou ; roberto sindaco ; jiri smid ; individualcount : 1 ; sex : male ; taxon : taxonid : urltoken ; scientificnameid : urn : lsid : organismnames . com : name : 2791139 ; location : country : oman ; stateprovince : al wusta ; verbatimlocality : north of hasirah oil field , ' uruq al mu’taridah area ; verbatimelevation : 143 m ; verbatimlatitude : 20 30 7 . 704n ; verbatimlongitude : 55 41 56 . 2554e ; event : eventdate : 2013 - 10 - 07t00 : 30 + 0400 ; record level : collectionid : ibe - cn7611 ; institutioncode : institute of evolutionary biology ( csic - universitat pompeu fabra )
type status : other material . occurrence : recordedby : salvador carranza ; roberto sindaco ; margarita metallinou ; raquel vasconcelos ; jiri smid ; individualcount : 1 ; sex : juvenile ; taxon : taxonid : urltoken ; scientificnameid : urn : lsid : organismnames . com : name : 2791139 ; location : country : oman ; stateprovince : al wusta ; verbatimlocality : about 13km by air east of sahmah oil filed , ' uruq al mu’taridah area ; verbatimelevation : 96 m ; verbatimlatitude : 20 39 37 . 0434n ; verbatimlongitude : 55 32 28 . 716e ; event : eventdate : 2013 - 10 - 07t02 : 00 + 0400 ; record level : collectionid : ibe - cn8073 ; institutioncode : institute of evolutionary biology ( csic - universitat pompeu fabra )


coleophora seriphidii is a moth of the coleophoridae family .

it is found in turkestan and kirgizstan .

the larvae feed on the leaves of artemisia turanica .

they create a silky case which is broader in the central part .

there are five or six stripes extending along the case .

these are quite uniformly arranged , straight , narrow and barely perceptible at places .

the valve is three-sided .

the length of the case is 4.5 – 5 mm and it is brownish-gray in color , with brown longitudinal stripes .

the case of young larvae is almost white however .

larvae can be found from the end of april to may .

fully fed larvae estivate and hibernate .

coleophora seriphidii

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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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chetone angulosa is a moth of the erebidae family .

it was described by walker in 1854 .

it is found in central america and northern south america , including venezuela , guatemala , belize , panama and costa rica .

chetone angulosa

chetone angulosa ( walker , 1854 ) = pericopis angulosa walker , 1854 = chetone heliconides boisduval , 1870 = pericopis irenides butler , 1872 .
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distribution : ( species ) c . america & northern s . america ; ( form
method of identification : adult illustrated in colour by seitz ( 1925 ) pl . 62 , fig . b2 ( form
notes : this seems to be a very distinctive species , although the identification requires confirmation .
this information is based an ongoing project dedicated to the inventory and dissemination of information on lepidopteran larvae , their host plants , and their parasitoids in a costa rican tropical wet forest and an ecuadorian montane cloud forest .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =
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cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water . subunits 1 - 3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex . co i is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme . electrons originating in cytochrome c are transferred via the copper a center of subunit 2 and heme a of subunit 1 to the bimetallic center formed by heme a3 and copper b .
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> names and taxonomy < / a > section indicates if the gene coding for the protein originates from the hydrogenosome , the mitochondrion , the nucleomorph , different plastids or a plasmid . the absence of this section means that the gene is located in one of the main chromosomal element ( s ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / encoded _ on ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides information on the name ( s ) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / organism - name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
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> names and taxonomy < / a > section shows the unique identifier assigned by the ncbi to the source organism of the protein . this is known as the ‘taxonomic identifier’ or ‘taxid’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ identifier ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
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> names and taxonomy < / a > section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism . it lists the nodes as they appear top - down in the taxonomic tree , with the more general grouping listed first . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ lineage ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell . < p > < a href = ' / help / subcellular _ location _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> ' subcellular location ' < / a > section describes the extent of a membrane - spanning region of the protein . it denotes the presence of both alpha - helical transmembrane regions and the membrane spanning regions of beta - barrel transmembrane proteins . < p > < a href = ' / help / transmem ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain ( s ) present in a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / family _ and _ domains _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
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> family and domains < / a > section describes the position and type of a domain , which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three - dimensional structure or fold . < p > < a href = ' / help / domain ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > information which has been generated by the uniprotkb automatic annotation system , without manual validation . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000259
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ similarities ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry . it also includes information pertinent to the sequence ( s ) , including < a href =
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> length < / a > and < a href =
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> molecular weight < / a > . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequences _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
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> sequence < / a > section indicates if the < a href =
urltoken
> canonical sequence < / a > displayed by default in the entry is complete or not . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘sequence’ section is used for sequence fragments to indicate that the residue at the extremity of the sequence is not the actual terminal residue in the complete protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / non _ ter ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence ( s ) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds ( 100 % , 90 % and 50 % ) based on their membership in uniprot reference clusters ( < a href =
urltoken
> uniref < / a > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / similar _ proteins _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than uniprotkb . < p > < a href = ' / help / cross _ references _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides general information on the entry . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ information _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section provides a mnemonic identifier for a uniprotkb entry , but it is not a stable identifier . each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into uniprotkb / swiss - prot . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section provides one or more accession number ( s ) . these are stable identifiers and should be used to cite uniprotkb entries . upon integration into uniprotkb , each entry is assigned a unique accession number , which is called ‘primary ( citable ) accession number’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / accession _ numbers ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section shows the date of integration of the entry into uniprotkb , the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ( ‘last modified’ ) . the version number for both the entry and the < a href =
urltoken
> canonical sequence < / a > are also displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ history ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by uniprotkb curators or not , in other words , if the entry belongs to the swiss - prot section of uniprotkb ( < strong > reviewed < / strong > ) or to the computer - annotated trembl section ( < strong > unreviewed < / strong > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =
/ help / sequence - searches
> more . . < / a > < / p >
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