balbaroo fangaroo is an extinct species of kangaroo .

it was discovered at the riversleigh world heritage area in northern australia and described as a new species in 2000 .

the species was described from fossilized remains of part of the skull .

the skull is approximately the size of that of a modern wallaby .

the curved upper canine teeth are more than twice as long as the adjacent incisors and form " fangs " which may have been visible on the living animal even when its mouth was closed .

this feature is reflected in the fossil 's nickname , " fangaroo " , which later became part of its official scientific name .

balbaroo fangaroo

skull of balbaroo fangaroo , a member of the fanged kangaroos that may have been in direct competition with cookeroo hortusensis .
the two species , cookeroo bulwidarri and the cookeroo hortusensis were very small animals that moved on all fours , and outlasted a competitor species the balbaroo fangaroo .
the fanged species , named the balbaroo fangaroo , might not have been as good at adapting to the environment change from the rainforest to the open woodland , the researchers suggested .
belongs to balbaroo according to l . r . s . schwartz and d . megirian 2004
the newly found genus was in direct competition with a rival kangaroo species living in the same place at the same time – but the rival species had fangs . the ancient kangaroos outlived this fanged species , named the balbaroo fangaroo , because it was more able to adapt to the environment . bones of the balbaroo is pictutred
a new species of fanged kangaroo has been described from 15 - 13 million year old sites at the riversleigh world heritage area , but it seems to represent one of the last living members of the fanged kangaroo family , balbaridae . the study published in plos one , reviews all species in the genus balbaroo , which contains the famous fanged kangaroo , balbaroo fangaroo . the new species , named balbaroo nalima , has a partial skeleton associated with its skull , providing some information about the locomotion of the animal . it appears that fanged kangaroos were mostly walking on four legs , and probably galloped rather than hopped .
black kh , travouillon kj , den boer w , kear bp , cooke bn , et al . ( 2014 ) a new species of the basal ‘‘kangaroo’’ balbaroo and a re - evaluation of stem macropodiform interrelationships . plos one 9 ( 11 ) : e112705 . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0112705
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full reference : b . n . cooke . 2000 . cranial remains of a new species of balbarine kangaroo ( marsupialia : macropodoidea ) fromthe oligo - miocene freshwater limestone deposits of riversleigh world heritage area , northern australia . journal of paleontology 74 ( 2 ) : 317 - 326
type specimen : qm f3699 , a partial skull ( right half of a cranium and an associated left dentary ) . its type locality is upper site , which is in a miocene terrestrial limestone in the system b formation of australia .
researchers have discovered two new species of extinct , tiny , non - hopping kangaroos that could help uncover the evolutionary story of modern kangaroos and wallabies .
the genus was discovered after an analysis of ancient fossil deposits at the riversleigh world heritage area in north - west queensland , and is thought to be between 15 and 23 million years old .
a team of researchers at the university of queensland , the university of new south wales , and the western australian museum published a paper last week officially describing the new genus .
university of queensland researcher and lead author of the publication kaylene butler said the discovery highlights evidence that the cookeroo are a direct ancestor of the kangaroos and wallabies that exist today .
what is really interesting about this new species , and the family they belong to , is that they represent the ancestors of our modern kangaroos and wallabies ,
ms butler said .
what ' s happened is at some point [ competitor ] kangaroos have gone extinct , while the descendants of cookeroo , and the other kangaroos that are closely related to it , have diversified and increased in numbers .
so what we ' re trying to understand is … how they were able to survive and increase in numbers at the same time that the fanged [ competitor ] kangaroos went extinct .
the new genus was named in honour of queensland museum researcher dr bernard cooke , who led research into the ancestry of ancient kangaroo fossils at riversleigh .
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the fanged kangaroo have no descendants today , and appear to go extinct sometimes in the middle to late miocene ( around 10 million years ago ) . they were a very diverse family , with many species , and ranged in size from 3 - 10kg .
your graphics card does not support html5 canvas . stills are available to view and you can download the files for offline viewing in many 3d applications .
skull of cookeroo hortusensis , a new species of ancient kangaroo from the riversleigh world heritage area .
two newly described species of tiny kangaroos that lived between 18 million and 23 million years ago scurried rather than hopped , a new study finds . but although these pint - size kangas were short on bounce , they outperformed their fanged kangaroo relatives , which lived alongside them and eventually went extinct , researchers say .
in a recent study , researchers described a new kangaroo genus , cookeroo , and two new species : cookeroo bulwidarri , dated to about 23 million years ago , and cookeroo hortusensis , which lived between 18 million and 20 million years ago .
both species were found at the riversleigh world heritage area in northwestern queensland , australia , a location recognized as one of the richest fossil deposits in the world , according to the united nations educational , scientific and cultural organization ( unesco ) world heritage center . [ see photos of kangaroos , wallabies & other cute marsupials ]
according to kaylene butler , the study ' s lead author , the new genus occupies a position near the base of the kangaroo family tree that includes all modern kangaroos and wallabies , their close relatives . butler , a paleontologist at the school of earth sciences at the university of queensland in australia , told live science in an email that the team figured out where to place cookeroo by comparing 119 different features representing 69 kangaroo species .
cookeroo is distinguished as a genus by the combination of a number of features on the skull and teeth
— points of comparison that were also used to distinguish between the two new species , butler said .
the newfound minikangaroos are
the size of very small wallabies ,
with bodies that probably measured about 17 to 20 inches ( 42 to 52 centimeters ) long , butler said . the landscape at the time was very different from the arid outback it is today , butler said . c . bulwidarri and c . hortusensis likely inhabited a dense forest , moving through it on all fours and sharing it with a diverse collection of animals : marsupial moles , feather - tailed possums , ancient koalas and crocodiles .
cookeroo also lived alongside other species of small kangaroos that were part of the ancestral group for kangas alive today , as well as a related group of fanged kangaroos , butler told live science . the fanged kangaroos were also plant eaters , and they probably competed with the ancestors of modern kangaroos over their habitat ' s vegetation .
however , the fanged kangaroos went extinct , while the ancestors of modern kangaroos continued to diversify and thrive ,
butler said .
the direct competition between the two groups may have contributed to the fanged kangaroos ' extinction , butler suggested in a statement , though it is not certain what features provided cookeroo with the advantage .
the fossil record for kangaroos is quite rich ,
butler said .
we have giant kangaroos from the pleistocene [ 2 . 6 million to 11 , 700 years ago ] and pliocene [ 5 . 3 million to 2 . 6 million years ago ] , as well as other sites similar in age to riversleigh where we see our tiny ancestors of modern kangaroos as well as the fanged kangaroos .
however , there is still much to learn about kangaroo evolution , and new fossil finds help to bring this ancient lineage more clearly into focus , butler said .
hopefully , further study of these new species will help us understand just what is so special about the ancestors of modern kangaroos — why did they survive when , at the same time , the fanged kangaroos went extinct .
the findings were published online feb . 17 in the journal of vertebrate paleontology .
follow mindy weisberger on twitter and google + . follow us @ livescience , facebook & google + . original article on live science .
mindy weisberger is a senior writer for live science covering general science topics , especially those relating to brains , bodies , and behaviors in humans and other animals — living and extinct . mindy studied filmmaking at columbia university ; her videos about dinosaurs , biodiversity , human origins , evolution , and astrophysics appear in the american museum of natural history , on youtube , and in museums and science centers worldwide . follow mindy on
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the riversleigh giant carnivorous , toothed platypus , obdurodon tharalkooschild , tenderizing a young short - necked tortoise . ( supplied )
giant carnivorous platypuses , galloping fanged kangaroos and tree - climbing crocodiles sound like creatures from a strange dream , but all these animals were real a few million years ago .
and they have all been discovered at the same fossil site – riversleigh , queensland .
riversleigh today - fossils here are 24 million years old . photo by ross arnett .
david attenborough has called riversleigh one of the four most important fossil deposits in the world . originally a cattle station , the site gained world heritage listing in 1994 because of the amazing fossils found there .
“riversleigh itself has at least 300 individual fossil deposits and we continue to find a mass of new sites every year . the fossil deposits range in age from approximately 25 million years old to about 30 , 000 years old , ” says palaeontologist dr karen black from the university of new south wales ( unsw ) .
here , the combination of calcium carbonate , phosphates , and a rainforest full of animals has led to 25 million years of pristine and highly detailed fossils .
species rich rainforest at riversleigh 19 million years ago . artist - dorothy dunphy .
“anything that landed in that water was guaranteed to become a fossil , because almost immediately limestone began to precipitate around the object . . . it could have been a leaf , we ' ve even found butterfly wings , ” says professor michael archer , also from unsw , who has been digging fossils at the site for over 35 years .
reconstruction of the 15 million - year - old malleodectes from riversleigh chomping down on what appears to have been its favourite food - snails . the massive , shell - cracking premolar tooth is clearly visible in the open mouth . reconstruction by peter schouten .
the snail eater is the newest weird animal found at riversleigh . it’s distantly related to marsupial carnivores , but has a weird premolar which scientists think it used to crush up snails .
“it wasn ' t until we found the tooth that was part of a mammal jaw that we realised what it was , and how strange it was . there ' s no other mammal in the world that has teeth like this , ” says archer .
“it is speculation , but its informed speculation , based in part… [ by ] actual study of the teeth itself , that lead us to the conclusion that it is primarily a snail eater . ”
the riversleigh giant carnivorous , toothed platypus , obdurodon tharalkooschild , tenderizing a young short - necked tortoise . the powerfully - built tooth of obdurodon tharalkooschild shown in the inset is vastly different than the vestigial , dysfunctional teeth of the living platypus . ( artwork by peter schouten ; photo of tooth by rebecca pian )
“the giant platypus was far bigger than any known platypus and at around 80cm to 1m in length . it also differs to the living platypus in that it has well developed teeth – whereas those of the modern species are poorly developed and absent in adult individuals , ” says black .
there were a wide variety of platypuses 25 million years ago - a far cry from the one lone species we see in rivers today .
the skull of carnivorous kangaroo ekaltadeta from riversleigh , 19 million years old . photo by henk godthelp .
kangaroos that have teeth like a wolf , are nearly the size of a human , and gallop instead of hopping , right towards you . definite nightmare material .
“the carnivorous kangaroo was something that shocked us when we first found them . we didn ' t believe it , but we couldn ' t come to any other conclusion , ” says archer .
“there was a whole group of these [ types of kangaroos ] that would have stood up to about a human shoulder with teeth that show unmistakably that they are eating flesh and bone . ”
these types of species would have made their home in lush rainforests , not open plains like today’s kangaroos .
cleaver - headed crocodile in riversleigh forest 24 million years ago . artist - dorothy dunphy .
these crocodiles could grow up to 5 metres in length , and the first skull found at riversleigh was discovered with the bones of a marsupial lion in its mouth .
although this species may not have been able to climb trees , some other species like mekosuchus whitehunterensis , which were goanna - like , may have been able to climb , possibly to eat bird eggs .
thylacoleo carnifex , pencil drawing based on the skeleton at the victoria fossil cave . artist - nobu tamura , cc by 3 . 0
these guys aren’t actually related to lions , but they are still the largest meat - eating mammal known to have existed in australia .
“riversleigh 20 - 15 million years ago was a biodiversity hotspot because of the palaeoenvironment of temperate rainforest with rain all year round , ” black explains .
“the diversity of plants in the riversleigh rainforests was able to support a high diversity of mammals . mammals at this time were occupying niches no longer seen in the much drier environments of australia today . ”
sponges are thought to be some of the earliest animals to have evolved on earth , and this one is a true giant .
native australian animals such as bats and rodents don ' t get enough attention - which puts them at risk , according to a new study .
rare whiteness isn ' t just for giraffes - we ' ve rounded up a bunch of pale animals closer to home .
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the iconic hop of modern - day kangaroos make the species instantly recognisable , and a firm favourite among children .
but 23 million years ago , an ancient relative of these marsupials scurried through dense forests on four legs , instead of two .
this wallaby - sized kangaroo also outlived another species of fanged marsupial that lived alongside it because it was better at adapting to their changing environment .
ancient bones ( skull pictured ) belonging to two species of the new kangaroo genus were found in queensland . the genus has been named cookeroo , in honour of researcher dr bernard cooke , who led much of the research program focused on the evolution of riversleigh ' s ancient kangaroos
ancient bones belonging to two species of the new kangaroo genus were found in the riversleigh world heritage site in queensland , australia by researchers at the university of queensland .
the genus has been named cookeroo , in honour of researcher dr bernard cooke , who led much of the research program focused on the evolution of riversleigh ' s ancient kangaroos .
and the two new species within the genus are cookeroo bulwidarri , which lived about 23 million years ago , and cookeroo hortusensis , which lived 18 to 20 million years ago .
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the first was named after the word bulwidarri which means ' white ' in the aboriginal waanyi language , referring to the riversleigh white hunter site where specimens were found .
the second was named after the latin word hortusensis , meaning ' belonging to the garden ' in reference to neville ' s garden site at riversleigh , where the bones were found .
the new species of kangaroo couldn ' t hop like modern - day kangaroos ( stock image pictured ) but it is thought to be an ancestor of all wallabies and kangaroos alive today . the tiny marsupial was the size of a wallaby and lived between 15 and 23 million years ago
the newly discovered non - hopping ancestors of modern kangaroos were in the same place as fanged kangaroos at the same time .
but one group , the fanged kangaroos , went extinct while the ancestors of modern kangaroos survived .
the non - hopping ancestors appear to have won and outlived the fanged species .
the fanged species might not have been as good at adapting to the environment change from the rainforest to the open woodland , the researchers suggested .
' they moved on all fours , scurrying across a densely forested landscape quite different from the dry outback we see in western queensland today , ' kaylene butler , graduate student at the universiy of queensland who worked on the paper , said .
the newly found genus was in direct competition with a rival kangaroo species living in the same place at the same time – but the rival species had fangs .
' we also know that both the fanged kangaroos and the ancestors of modern kangaroos were plant eaters .
' surprisingly fangs have nothing to do with diet but the molar teeth tell us both were likely herbivores .
' so we know they were likely to be competing for the same resources and clearly the ancestors of modern kangaroos appear to have won .
' exactly why the ancestors of modern kangaroos survived while fanged kangaroos went extinct requires further study , ' she added .
the first genus was named after the word bulwidarri which means ' white ' in the aboriginal waanyi language , referring to the riversleigh white hunter site where specimens were found ( marked ) . the second was named after the latin word hortusensis , meaning ' belonging to the garden ' in reference to neville ' s garden site
after uncovering the bones , the researchers were able to identify the new genus and two species within the genus by looking at the skull bones and teeth and comparing them to known species .
' currently we are unsure as to exactly what makes these non hopping ancestors of modern kangaroos so special .
' trying to determine what makes these animals better adapted is where our research is headed in the future , ' butler told mailonline .
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the white-bellied green pigeon ( treron sieboldii ) is a species of bird in the family columbidae .

its natural habitat is temperate forests .

white - bellied green pigeon

select an image : 1 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 2 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 3 . white - bellied green pigeon > > females 4 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 5 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 6 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 7 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 8 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 9 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 10 . white - bellied green pigeon > > in flight from below 11 . white - bellied green pigeon > > flock in flight 12 . white - bellied green pigeon > > flock 13 . white - bellied green pigeon > > male 14 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult female 15 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult female 16 . white - bellied green pigeon > > male taking off 17 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 18 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 19 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 20 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 21 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 22 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 23 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 24 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 25 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 26 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 27 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 28 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 29 . white - bellied green pigeon > > female 30 . white - bellied green pigeon > > adult male 31 . white - bellied green pigeon > > male
the white - bellied green pigeon ( treron sieboldii ) is a species of bird in the columbidae family .
baptista , l . f . , trail , p . w . , horblit , h . m . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . white - bellied green - pigeon ( treron sieboldii ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
, except golden tinge generally less pronounced on breast and almost lacking on crown and forehead ; belly paler , nearly white ; . . .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be uncommon to very rare ( del hoyo et al . 1997 ) , while national population estimates include : < c . 10 , 000 breeding pairs and < c . 50 individuals on migration in china ; c . 100 - 100 , 000 breeding pairs in taiwan and c . 100 - 100 , 000 breeding pairs in japan ( brazil 2009 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction .
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in the past , sometimes placed in genus sphenurus . closely allied to t . sphenurus , t . permagnus and t . formosae , and more distantly to t . oxyurus species - group . race sororius only slightly differentiated from nominate , and possibly better merged with it . little - known hainan form initially assigned to sororius , but later named oblitus owing to its smaller size ; this race , although said to be closest to sororius , was subsequently included in t . sphenurus ( e . g . in hbw ) , presumably in error ; oblitus now considered indistinguishable from murielae . described form “ sphenocercus sphenurus lungchowensis ” is likewise a synonym of murielae # r . four subspecies currently recognized .
( temminck , 1835 ) – japan and e china ( jiangsu , fujian ) .
cheng , tan & sun , 1973 – c china ( s shaanxi , e sichuan ) .
( delacour , 1927 ) – sc china ( guizhou , guangxi , hainan ) s to extreme n thailand , laos and n & c vietnam ( tonkin , annam ) .
a variable phrase of long mellow pure whistles , typically modulated with sudden changes in pitch ( . . .
forest , including dense temperate mixed woodland in japan , and second growth , from coastal regions . . .
little information . nesting commences in may–jun in japan , with territorial calling from mid feb . nest is a flimsy , shallow , cup - . . .
resident in most of its range , with some local movements in response to food supply . on hokkaido , . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . previously considered near threatened . formerly common , but now uncommon in japan . apparently still common in taiwan . very rare in n . . .
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a slow motion view of a group of males and females flying , landing on a rock and taking off .
a number of males and females drinking from a coastal rock , amidst breaking waves .
a flock of birds flying over the sea and landing on a coastal rock to drink .
flock of birds flying over the sea , near the coast , seen at slow motion .
a male perched atop bare tree , down - slope giving perfect eye - level views with a nice background .
alder , lars petersson , stijn de win , josep del hoyo , phillip edwards , fran trabalon , phil gregory , petemorris , pedroyayadrums , johannes pfleiderer , ksan , joris bertrand .
this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : treron sieboldii . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
there was a short cut in the initial part ( due to prerecording operation ) . slightly amplified around the frequencies .
in low mountain in the suburb of kyoto city . some noise is present .
in low mountain in the suburb of kyoto city . noise of a stream ( not suppressed ) .
in low mountain in the suburb of kyoto city . slightly distant and amplified . low - pass filter has been used .
wintering in low mountain in the suburb of kyoto city . wing beat and then flew away .
slightly distant and with noise of a stream . in low mountain in the suburb of kyoto city .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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it is found in china , japan , south korea , laos , russia , taiwan , thailand , and vietnam .
this article uses material from the wikipedia released under the creative commons attribution - share - alike licence 3 . 0 . please see license details for photos in photo by - lines .
please note that this non - official list is not complete nor necessarily accurate . this list is a summary of checklists from other websites , blogs , publications , photo / videos published on various websites or our own findings . we appreciate your contributions with photo proof .
important note ; our range maps are generated automatically based on very limited data we have about the protected sites , the data is not necessarily accurate . please help us to improve our range maps by sharing your findings / knowledge .
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thliptoceras fulvimargo is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by warren in 1895 .

it is found in china ( guangxi ) , india ( khasia hills ) and burma .

the wingspan is about 25 mm .

the wings are smoky fuscous .

thliptoceras fulvimargo

mimocomma fulvimargo warren , 1895 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 16 : 473
thliptoceras calvatalis swinhoe , 1890 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1890 ( 2 ) : 275
thliptoceras distictalis hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 179 ; tl : katha , burma
thliptoceras ( pyraustinae ) ; hampson , 1899 , proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 178 ; [ globiz ]
zhang , d . d . & he , f . x . ( 2010 ) two new records of thliptoceras warren , 1890 ( lepidoptera : crambidae : pyraustinae ) from china , entomotaxonomia , 32 ( 1 ) , 71–73 .
the species of the genus thliptoceras warren , 1890 from the oriental region of china are reviewed , and a description of the genus is given . five new species , t . bicuspidatum sp . nov . , t . semicirculare sp . nov . , t . bisulciforme sp . nov . , t . filamentosum sp . nov . and t . impube sp . nov . are described . t . fulvimargo ( warren , 1895 ) is newly recorded for china . a key to the species of the oriental region of china is provided , along with diagnoses for previously described species . illustrations of external features and genitalia are presented .
bänziger , h . ( 1987 ) description of new moths which settle on man and animals in s . e . asia ( genera thliptoceras , hemiscopis , toxobotys , pyralidae , lepid . ) . revue suisse de zoologie , 94 ( 4 ) , 671–681 .
munroe , e . g . ( 1967 ) a new species of thliptoceras from thailand , with notes on generic and specific synonymy and placement and with designations of lectotypes ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) . the canadian entomologist , 99 ( 7 ) , 721–727 . urltoken
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
circobotys phycidalis snellen , 1890 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1890 ( 4 ) : 599
thliptocera coenostolalis hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 179 ; tl : sierra leone
thliptocera polygrammodes hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 180 ; tl : natal , mooi river
this information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
a revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 2
a catalogue of the pyralidina of sikkim collected by henry j . elwes and the late otto möller
warren , 1896 new species of pyralidae from khasia hills ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 17 ( 102 ) : 452 - 466 , 18 ( 103 ) : 107 - 119 , 18 ( 104 ) : 163 - 177 , 18 ( 105 ) : 214 - 231
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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aurivillius , c . ( 1910 ) lepidoptera . in : sjöstedt , y . ( ed . ) , wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der schwedischen zoologischen expedition nach dem kilimandjaro , dem meru und den umgebenden massaisteppen deutsch - ostafrikas 1905 - 1906 unter leitung von prof . dr . yngve sjöstedt . 9 . königl schwedische akademie der wissenschaften , stockholm , pp . 1–56 , pls . 1–2 .
caradja , a . ( 1925 ) ueber chinas pyraliden , tortriciden , tineiden nebst kurze betrachtungen , zu denen das studium dieser fauna veranlassung gibt ( eine biogeographische skizze ) . academia romana memoriile sectiunii stiintifice , seria 3 , 3 ( 7 ) , 257–383 , pls . 1–2 .
de joannis , j . ( 1932 ) lépidoptères hétérocères des mascareignes . annales de la société entomologique de france , 427–456 , 1 pl .
fletcher , d . s . & nye , i . w . b . ( 1984 ) the generic names of moths of the world , volume 5 : pyraloidea . publications british museum ( natural history ) , london , 1–185 .
hampson , g . f . ( 1891 ) illustrations of typical specimens of lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the british museum . part viii . the lepidoptera heterocera of the nilgiri district . printed by order of the trustees , london , i–iv , 1–144 , pls . 139–156 .
hampson , g . f . ( 1896 ) the fauna of british india , including ceylon and burma , moths . vol . iv . printed by taylor and francis , london , i–xxviii , 1–594 .
hampson , g . f . ( 1899 ) a revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part ii . proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the zoological society of london , 172–291 .
hampson , g . f . ( 1913 ) descriptions of new species of pyralidae of the subfamily pyraustinae . annals and magazine of natural history , series 8 , 11 , 322–342 . urltoken
hampson , g . f . ( 1918a ) descriptions of new pyralidae of the subfamily pyraustinae . annals and magazine of natural history , including zoology , botany and geology , london , series 9 , 1 , 265–280 .
hampson , g . f . ( 1918b ) descriptions of new pyralidae of the subfamily pyraustinae . annals and magazine of natural history , including zoology , botany and geology , london , series 9 , 2 , 181–196 .
heppner , j . b . ( 1995 ) atlas of neotropical lepidoptera . vol . 3 . checklist : part 2 hyblaeoidea - pyralidae - tortricoidea . association for tropical lepidoptera . gainesville , i–liv , 1–243 .
leech , j . h . ( 1889 ) new species of deltoids and pyrales from corea , north china , and japan . the entomologist , 22 , 62–71 , pls . 2 - 4 .
li , h . h . & zheng , z . m . ( 1996 ) methods and techniques of specimens of microlepidopera . journal of shaanxi normal university ( natural science edit ion ) , 24 ( 3 ) , 63–70 .
mabille , p . ( 1899–1900 ) lepidoptera nova malagassica et africana . annales de la société entomologique de france , 68 , 723 –753 .
maes , k . v . n . ( 1994 ) some notes on the taxonomic status of the pyraustinae ( sensu minet 1981 [ 1982 ] ) and a check list of the palaearctic pyraustinae ( lepidoptera , pyraloidea , crambidae ) . bulletin et annales de la société royale belge d ' entomologie , 130 , 159–168 .
maes , k . v . n . ( 1995 ) a comparative morphological study of the adult crambidae ( lepidoptera , pyraloidea ) . bulletin et annales de la société royale belge d ' entomologie , 131 , 383–434 .
marion , h . ( 1952 ) ebauche d’une classification nouvelle des pyraustidae . revue français lépidoptérologie , xiii , 260–270 .
marion , h . ( 1961 ) révision des pyraustidae de france . alexanor , 2 ( 1 ) , 11–18 ; 2 ( 3 ) , 83–90 ; 2 ( 5 ) , 173–180 ; 2 ( 6 ) , 224–226 ; 2 ( 8 ) , 297–304 .
munroe , e . g . ( 1976 ) pyraloidea ( in part ) . in : dominick , r . b . , et al . ( eds . ) , the moths of america north of mexico including greenland , 13 . 2a . e . w . classey ltd et the wedge entomological foundation , london , 1–78 .
munroe , e . g . & mutuura , a . ( 1968 ) contributions to a study of the pyraustinae ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) of temperate east asia ii . the canadian entomologist , 100 ( 8 ) , 861–868 . urltoken
nuss , m . , landry , b . , vegliante , f . , tränkner , a . , mally , r . , hayden , j . , segerer , a . , li , h . , schouten , r . , solis , m . a . , trofimova , t . , de prins , j . & speidel , w . ( 2003–2013 ) global information system on pyraloidea . available from : urltoken ( accessed 8 april 2014 )
robison , g . s . ( 1976 ) the preparation of slides of lepidoptera genitalia with special reference to the microlepidoptera . entomologist’s gazette , 27 , 127–132 .
rose , h . s . ( 1982 ) male genitalia of the type - species of some pyraustinae ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) from north india and its taxonomic significance . journal of entomology research , 6 ( 1 ) , 51–67 .
schaus , w . ( 1912 ) new species of heterocera from costa rica . pyralidae . annals and magazine of natural history , including zoology , botany and geology , series 8 , 9 , 289–311 .
shaffer , m . , nielsen , e . s . & horak , m . ( 1996 ) pyraloidea . in : nielsen , e . s . , edwards , e . d . & rangsi , t . v . ( eds . ) , checklist of the lepidoptera of australia . monographs on australian lepidoptera 4 . csiro publishing , collingwood , victoria , pp . 164–199 .
snellen , p . c . t . ( 1880 ) lepidoptera . in : veth , p . j . ( ed . ) , midden - sumatra . reizen en onderzoekingen der sumatra - expeditie uitgerust door het aardrijkskundig genootschap 1877 - 1879 . 4 ( 1 ) 4 ( 8 ) . e . j . brill , leiden , pp . 1–92 , pls . 1–5 .
snellen , p . c . t . ( 1890 ) a catalogue of the pyralidina of sikkim collected by henry j . elwes and the late otto möller , with notes by h . j . elwes . transactions of the entomological society of london , 38 , 557–647 , pls . 19–20 . urltoken
snellen , p . c . t . ( 1895 ) aanteekeningen over pyraliden met beschrijving van nieuwe genera en soorten . tijdschrift voor entomologie ' s gravenhage , 38 , 103–161 , pls . 5–6 .
song , s . m . ( 2001 ) pyralidae . in : huang , b . k . ( ed . ) , fauna of insect in fujian province of china . vol . 5 . lepidoptera , moths . fujian science and technology press , fuzhou , pp . 101–226 .
strand , e . h . ( 1918 ) sauter ' s formosa - ausbeute : pyralididae , subfam . pyraustinae . deutsche entomologische zeitschrift , iris , 32 ( 1–2 ) , 33–91 .
swinhoe , c . ( 1890 ) the moths of burma . transactions of the entomological society of london , 38 , 161–296 , pls . 6–8 .
swinhoe , c . ( 1900 ) noctuina , geometrina and pyralidina . in : swinhoe , c . , walsingham , l . & durrant , j . h . ( eds . ) , catalogue of eastern and australian lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the oxford university museum , part ii . clarendon press , oxford , pp . 1–540 , pls . 1–8 .
viette , p . ( 1996 ) heterocera ( lepidoptera ) from reunion ( = bourbon ) . société réunionnaise des amis du museum , saint - denis , 1–117 . [ with the collaboration of guillermet , c . ]
wang , j . s . , song , s . m . , wu , y . y . & chen , t . m . ( 2003 ) fauna of pyralidae of wuyishan nature reserve in china . china science and technology press , beijing , 1–328 , pls . i–iv .
warren , w . ( 1895 ) new genera and species of pyralidae , thyrididae , and epiplemidae . annals and magazine of natural history , including zoology , botany and geology , series 6 , 16 , 460–477 .
warren , w . ( 1896 ) new species of pyralidae from the khasia hills . annals and magazine of natural history , including zoology , botany and geology , series 6 , 18 , 107–119 .
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tropheops modestus is a species of cichlid endemic to lake malawi .

this species can reach a length of 6.4 centimetres ( 2.5 in ) sl .

tropheops modestus

the following term was not found in genome : tropheops modestus [ orgn ] .
tropheops
elongatus bar ,
photographed underwater at maleri island . konings ( 1995c : 71 ) believes this entity is t . modestus . from plate 6i of ribbink et al . , 1983 ; reproduced by permission of the zoological society of southern africa .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
africa : known from the type locality , waters off makanjila , lake malawi .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 6 . 4 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5684 )
konings , a . , 2007 . malawi cichlids in their natural habitat . 4th edition . cichlid press , el paso , usa . 424p . ( ref . 79521 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5039 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00244 - 0 . 04107 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 10 of 100 ) .
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iucn . 2017 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2017 - 2 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 14 september 2017 ) .
johnson , d . s . 1974 . three new cichlids from lake malawi . today ' s aquarist 1 ( 3 ) : 38–42 .
konings , a . 1990 . konings ' s book of cichlids and all the other fishes of lake malawi . t . f . h . publications , inc . , neptune city new jersey .
konings , a . 1995 . malawi cichlids in their natural habitat . second edition . cichlid press , st . leon - rot , germany .
( amended version of 2006 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t61172a117850934 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
last update : 6 november 2010 web author : m . k . oliver , ph . d . copyright © 1997 - 2018 by m . k . oliver - all rights reserved
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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