there were two military orders known as the order of our lady of bethlehem .

mathew paris mentions that henry iii of england authorized them to open a house in a suburb of cambridge in 1257 ; but he does not mention their founder , where they originated , and their history .

their habit was similar to that of the dominicans and that a red star , whose five rays emanated from an azure centre , decorated the breast of their cape .

this was in commemoration of the star that appeared to the magi and led them to bethlehem .

nothing further is known of this military order .

there was an order of knights whose members wore a red star on their costume because of having a house in bethlehem at the time of the crusades ; this was the military order of crusaders of the red star ( ordo militaris crucigerorum cum rubeâ stellâ ) .

they came from palestine to bohemia in 1217 , and blessed agnes of bohemia confided two hospitals to their charge .

they have since remained in that country where they devote themselves to the care of the sick , to education , and to the various works of the ecclesiastical ministry .

after the taking of constantinople by the turks ( 1453 ) , pius ii founded the order of our lady of bethlehem .

the purpose of these knights was to defend the island of lemnos which cardinal louis , patriarch of aquileia , had recaptured from mohammed ii .

the island was to be their headquarters from which they were to oppose the attacks of the muslims by way of the ægean sea and the hellespont .

the order was composed of brother-knights and priests governed by an elective grand-master .

the white costume worn by the members was decorated with a red cross and the rule prescribed for them was very similar to that of the knights of st. john of jerusalem .

the pope founded this community on 18 january 1459 .

to supply their needs , the pope turned over to them the property and revenues of older orders which no longer fulfilled their purpose , such as : the order of saint lazarus , sainte-marie du ch teau des bretons , bologna , order of the holy sepulchre , santo spirito in sassia , st. mary of the crossed friars , and st. james of lucca , all of which were suppressed for this purpose .

pius ii alluded in a bull to this foundation and the bravery of its knights , but the second capture of lemnos by the turks rendered the institution useless .

thus the order of our lady of bethlehem was suppressed almost as soon as founded and those orders whose goods the pope had transmitted to it were re-established .

order of our lady of bethlehem

dedicated to our lady of bethlehem and known under the name of bethlehemites . mathew
rendered the institution useless . thus the order of our lady of bethlehem was suppressed almost as soon as founded and those orders whose goods the
made by the pope himself runs : “to our humble son , the prince luigi cesario amoroso , the inherited supreme magister of the order of our lady of bethlehem , and to all beloved knights of the order , we give our apostolical blessing” .
( 1686 ) , and instituted the order of the star of our lady before returning to his alleged dominions .
from the 18th of january 1944 , that the prince pietro amoroso d’aragona is the direct descendant and inheritor of amorites – phrygian cesarean dynasty with the title “cesarean highness” . by the same edict he recognized the order of our lady of bethlehem and the order of st . john of acre and st . thomas , has accepted from the prince pietro amoroso d’aragona the title of big cross of the order of our lady of bethlehem (
order of our lady of bethlehem knights grand cross equestrian order of saint mary of bethlehem grand cross star . breast star , 82 mm , silver gilt with brill size : 3 . 5
provenance : lifelong military medal collection . consigned by the private chicago , il family of the collector .
today the association of the knights of the order of our lady of bethlehem under the guidance of the prince angelo maria amoroso d ' aragona is defining their main mission as charitable help to ill and distressed people .
was thoroughly equipped and stocked and even offered an opportunity for the religious installment of those who tended the sick . the institution was placed under the patronage of our lady of bethlehem .
the order of our lady of bethlehem ( it . ordine militare e ospedaliero di s . maria di betlemme ) is the military order founded on 19th january 1459 by pope pius ii for defending of the island of lemnos ( bull : «veram semper et solidam» )
within the bounds of cooperation , the latin patriarch of jerusalem the supreme prior of the order of holy sepulchre of jerusalem michel sabbah has visited the residence of the supreme magister of the order of our lady of bethlehem in bari ( via vittorio veneto 5 ) on the 10th of january 1988 . the chevaliers of the bethlehem order headed by the supreme chancellor the marquis paolo cecconato ( on the photo ) .
on the 26th of october 1980 , the chevalier of the order of our lady of bethlehem bartolo longo ( 10 . 02 . 1841 – 05 . 10 . 1926 ) was blessed by catholic church , and was also named in the encyclic of the pope john paul ii as “rosarium mariae” - “the apostle of rosary” . his beatification has become a sensational event in the history of the knights of the bethlehem order . his portrait in knight’s of the order of our lady of bethlehem full regalia was placed into the main hall of «pontificio santuario di pompei» ( pompey , italy ) .
founded an order of our lady of bethlehem , intending to transfer to it the possessions of older orders which no longer fulfilled their purpose ( 1459 ) , but the loss of the island prevented its institution . the same fate befell the german order of the christian militia , projected ( 1615 ) under
during the pontificate of pope john paul ii , the relations with the order of our lady of bethlehem are moving to the positive directions . on the 26th of july 2002 , in the hall called “sala nervi” , in vatican , the audience of the knights of the order of our lady of bethlehem and pope john paul ii took place . the event gathered 50 delegates from the different regions of italy , who came together with children and grandchildren . during the audience , the st pope was granted with the painting –
the period from the xviii until the first part of xx century can be considered as the blossom of the activity of the order of our lady of bethlehem , the one of the most favorable and important in its history . the knight investitures were recovered since 1730 in the neapolitan kingdom .
however , after the law n 178 from the 1951 , established the “order for the deserts in front of italian republic” and cancelled the special perquisites of all earlier existing knight orders in italy ( except for the order of malta and the order of holy sepulchre of jerusalem ) , the order of our lady of bethlehem is getting the associative status with the residence in bari ( from 1957 up to now days ) .
this category consists of the nobly born knights in minimum four generations , inherited the chevalier titles of the order of our lady of bethlehem by the direct men line . the category could only be granted to the representatives of ancient noble families with the right to descent the knight titles .
as pius ii alluded in a bull from the 16th march 1464 «magnae devotionis tuae» : prince dagobert de amorosa , the descend of an ancient caesarean origin byzantine house , is becoming the first inherited supreme magister of the order of our lady of bethlehem . the earl antonio crispo di sira is appointed as chancellor of the order .
in 1479 the knights of the order suffered defeat and , after the final capture of lemnos by the turks , had to leave the island forever . the remained knights together with the supreme magister moved to naples , italy . from this moment the order of our lady of bethlehem stopped act as a holistic military organization . following the disposition of pope innocent viii , the main part of order’s property came into possession of the order rhodes and malta .
since the middle of last century , the counterfeit orders are appearing in italy via the actions of many enterprising
princes
and other persons , who copied the name of their organizations from the famous knight orders . in 1931 , the mgr eftimios yuakim created the fictitious order called “the order of our st maria lady of bethlehem” ( santa maria nostra signora di betlemme ) , which was convicted by st throne later . the situation became more serious in the 40th , in connection to the annihilation of royal fecial council and removal of the governmental control over the legality of noble titles in italy . up to today there are several counterfeit orders with the different interpretations of the name of our lady of bethlehem : “apostolic order of our lady of bethlehem” and “the order of knights of bethlehem order of east” launched by the “ adopted descendants” of amoroso d’aragona ( “prince” antonio ii tiberius dobrinya d’aragona and “prince” pier pasle de sharne ) . similar examples are : “ecumenic hospitaller order of st . john chevaliers of malt” and “the order of st constantine and st george” , created by the “prince” francesco amoroso komnenos angelo flavio lascaris paleologo d’aragona . such organizations were never recognized and have nothing in common with the line of amoroso d’aragona and its history , what was proved many times by the legal descendant and current head of dynasty the prince angelo maria amoroso d ' aragona .
. almost at the same time there arose in castile the order of calatrava and in leon the order of alcantara .
, as in palestine , to supply their place with a permanent order . this order adopted the
it’s worth to mention , that the document was issued after the infamous publications of l’osservatore romano ( 1933 , 1938 ) . the decretal is stressing the independent from time and politics situation status of knight institution of the line of amoroso d’aragona . finally , the royal civil court held in bari on the 20th june 1945 , № 3383 r . g sentenza № . 786 and the court № 4419 r . g . sentenza № 1006 , 1945 , both have confirmed the dynastic rights of supreme magister of the order of our lady of bethlehem and the competence of official performance of the chevalier’s titles for knights of the order , despite the fascist period publications of vatican ( osservatore romano , rivista araldica ) , mentioning that these issues are containing many incorrect information about the order of our lady of bethlehem .
the following pages will provide you with more detailed information about our life including who we are , our daily schedule of liturgical prayer and work , vocational and travel information , news updates and homilies . you may also be interested in visiting our retreat house facilities pages and our on - line store pages by following the links at the bottom of this page .
of henry iv ( 1399 ) . a third order , scottish by origin , is that of the order of the thistle , dating from the reign of james v of
of francis ii : “… based on the statute of the military and hospitaller order of st . john of acre and st . thomas , issued on the 24th june 1498 in naples by the prince nicola de amerusio d’ aragona , and the other statute of the the military and hospitaller order of our lady of bethlehem , issued on the 25th march 1730 in naples by the prince filippo augusto amoroso d’aragona , both are recognized further in force . we accept with pleasure the request from applier and wish to provide him with the special certificate of our king favor , in respect with mention and not rebuttable caesarean origin of his ancient family and his numerous prove of affection and faith to our king throne…”
was found , and hundreds of italian guerrillas were awarded with it for the heroic participation in the opposition . on the front side of the medal is the half - face of the prince pietro amoroso d’aragona , on the back side are the cross of the order of our lady of bethlehem and following inscription : “for the praise of them , who saw the light in the darkness , to show the way of freedom and fair . 7th day of october 1943”
the same is to be said of the order of st . peter , instituted by
according to the opinion of italian heraldic council , the current situation of the order of our lady of bethlehem is categorized as “non - national orders” in italy . currently , the ministry of foreign affairs of italy is working on the detailed list of such “non - national orders” , which will consist of the earlier recognized dynastic orders in the kingdom . the council would also pay attention to the orders recognition by tribunals between 1946 ( since the monarchy abolishment ) and 1951 ( the cancellation of the rights of dynastic orders and establishment of “order for the deserts in front of italian republic” ) .
currently the order of our lady of bethlehem is consisting of more than 1000 members from different countries , among whom about 600 are living in italy . in this country the order is involving 5 provinces . the catania region is considered as most significant according to the number of knights with established special delegature under the patronage the right reverend mgr pio vittorio vigo - incumbent roman catholic bishop of acireale ( cecilia ) . the veneto province with the center in venice is the second significant area under the guideline of mgr rino olivotto .
retreatants are welcome all year round at our abbey to enjoy some private time in peace and solitude .
the candidates to the chevaliers must be introduced by the delegates of the order during the annual capitul in order to prove their deserts and nobility .
. the knights of st . catherine of sinai are not an order , either secular or regular .
by way of the ægean sea and the hellespont . the order was composed of brother - knights and
, so that they have considered themselves as successors of the order of the collar . after the cession of bugey to
of an order of the passion of christ ( 1360 ) the text of which has recently been published , but which were never enforced .
abbey news correction a few days ago it was stated on our daily liturgical schedule page that on friday of . . . read more →
abbey news moving right along this past week the contractors on our gatehouse renovation project made a good deal of . . . read more →
from the 18th of december 1943 ) and granted the prince with the title gran cordone of the order of st . maurice and lazarus (
the abbey of the genesee is home to some 30 contemplative monks belonging to the order of cistercians of the strict observance also known as trappists .
a buyers fee discount of 3 % is extended to those paying by check , cash or money order .
on the 20th june 2009 in munich , bavaria , was found new province of the order for german knights with the head of prelate munich mgr adalbert merlein . the open ceremony of the province was coincided with the 550 anniversary of the order foundation and held in cathedral . the raising to the knighthood of the order of the right reverend apostolic exarch of st throne for the byzantine rite catholic of germany and scandinavia bishop mark crick .
all delivered in a dark red velvet interior box with the order logo imprinted in gold .
( 1180 ) , but difficult to distinguish from the order of calatrava , with which it was soon amalgamated .
in 1924 the supreme magister luigi cesario spiridone amoroso d’aragona ( 1899 – 1931 ) and following him the prince pietro amoroso d’aragona are officially announcing the opposition against the dictatorial regime of mussolini . the knights of the order are creating the center of antifascist opposition called orbet ( the abbreviation is taken from the name “ordine betlemme” ) . the center’s history is full of samples of the heroic activity of its guerrilla - knights in different regions of the country . the groups of orbet saved hundreds of jewish families along the whole italy . the guerrillas defended the freedom of the country with the weapon in hands . the center was hunt down by the national socialists under the personal instructions from giacomo suardo , the deputy of the ministry of domestic affairs , later the president of the senate and member of big fascist council until the suspending of mussolini in september 1943 . the order of our lady of bethlehem fall into the black book of vatican as the “unrecognized order” ( the publications osservatore romano l ' osservatore romano from 1st june 1933 , rivista araldica ( 1933 fasc . x , p . 479 ) , l’osservatore romano 25th august 1938 ) .
in the 80th years the cooperation with the directions of the oldest knight order , which was found in the time of crusade and existing up to now - the order of holy sepulchre of jerusalem ( ordo eguestris s . sepulcri hierosolymitani ) , is outlined . the supreme magister and the supreme prior of this order , in accordance with the rule , are appointed from the high hierarchy of catholic church by the pope .
by the decretal from the 2nd february 1860 , the king of the kingdom of the two sicilies francis ii bourbon has confirmed the inherited character of the supreme magistracy of the order and rank it as the second dynastic order of caesarean family name amorosa d’ aragona , along with the order of st . john of acre and st . thomas ( founded by the prince aminado de amerusio in 1205 ) , which was also the prosperity of the family by inherited right .
in the 50th years of xx century , following the act №178 from the 3rd march 1951 , the st throne announced its recognition only of the order of malta ( smom ) and the order of holy sepulchre of jerusalem , leaving without mentioning the other knight’s institutions , equal to the “recognized” ones by the history and glorious past . the dynastical orders of the house of amoroso d’aragona and the order of former house of savoy , together with many others , were ignored by the st throne .
the order gains the auspices from the side of powerful prelate of roman curia , the cardinal alfredo ottaviani , who served as secretary of the holy congregation of the special spirituals in 1928 - 1929 , and further as deputy of governmental vatican secretary . among the cavaliers of the order in that period we can meet a lot of hierarchs of catholic church , representatives of monarchal families and governmental figures .
an order of the collar , which held its chapters in the charterhouse ( founded in 1892 ) of pierre - châtel in bugey . here also the knights of the annunziata kept their
on the 18th may 1484 , the king ferdinando i d’ aragona granted to the order the right to allocate on the territory of his kingdom . naples is becoming the new retreat for the knights of the bethlehem order and up to the beginning of xx century the main residence of supreme magister is located here . the prince giovanni de amorosa is gained with the honorable predicate to the family name - “d’ aragona” . the prince died in naples on the 15th september 1519 and was buried in the church san giorgio .
, it was originally considered a military order , but dissensions arose and each rank chose its own grand master .
and revenues of the orders of st . lazarus , of sainte - marie du château des bretons , of bologna , of the holy sepulchre , of santo spirito in sassia , of st . mary of the crossed friars , and of st . james of
in 1589 , were not so much a military order as an association of gentlemen who undertook to maintain the public peace in those turbulent times .
, from the 23rd of may 1949 issued by tribunal of the vico del gargano , has proved the legality of the order in new italian government and the trueness of the documents touching the recognition history of heraldic heritage of the house amoroso d’aragona , including the pope’s bulls , ancient sovereign diplomas and royal decreets of the house of savoy .
in windsor castle for the holding of chapters . this , the order of the garter , takes its name from the characteristic badge , won on the left knee . the choice of this badge has given rise to various anecdotes of
( modelled on the former ) , both still in existence . in the same category should be included the order of santiago which spread throughout castile ,
mutual relationships of the order with st throne often depended on the politic situations in italy and were complex . since the moving from the island lemnos , the order didn’t present reasonable activity for many years . the inherited knights didn’t have own structure for more than two hundred years .
the abbey of regina laudis , founded in 1947 in bethlehem , connecticut , u . s . a . , is a community of contemplative benedictine women dedicated to the praise of god through prayer and work . the nuns of the abbey chant the mass and full divine office each day , while expressing the traditional benedictine commitment to manual work and scholarship through various contemporary media and professional disciplines . the mission to praise god at all times is symbolized by the lyre on the abbey ' s crest and by our motto , taken from the book of judith – non recedat laus :
the situation is significantly changes with the coming to power of dictator benito mussolini , who assisted the creation of vatican government , which started it’s politic existence after the signing of lateran agreements in 1929 . the administration of vatican has generated a list of actions aimed to support the politics of fascist government of different countries . the pope pius xi approved the invasion of italy to ethiopia and its occupation , the fascist mutiny in spain and the sending of part of italian army to help franco . on the 20th of june 1933 was concluded the concordat with hitler . finally , within the bounds of reconciliation between the italian government and st throne , by the fascist government of mussolini and sovereign military order of malta was signed concordat ( legislative action # 1029 ) about the mutual official recognition , and following it , the fascist duce is becoming the cavalier of order of malta . the members of his government are granted with the value of the order of malta . we have seen a lot of parade portraits and photos of duce with the white malta’s cross on the neck .
from the 4th of february 1944 ) . the dynastic status of both orders of amoroso house is finally defined in italian kingdom , they are allowed to proceed the new investitures , the chevaliers are permitted to wear openly the order’s signs .
where he died ( 1270 ) , nor of that of the argonauts of st . nicholas , attributed to charles iii , king of
within a limited time , only for the 26 years , i . e . from the 1st january 1904 to 25th september 1930 , the chevaliers of the order has became as following :
, a feature of all new foundations . one of these was soon undertaken by brother anthony of the cross who sent two of his community to
they added that of caring for the sick even at the risk of their own lives . in 1688 brother anthony of the cross , with the help of a
was autonomous , all the houses of a military order were bound to contribute their revenues , after deducting expenses , to a central treasury . as a result of this enormous circulation of capital controlled by the orders , their wealth could be applied to financial operations which made them veritable credit and deposit banks . their perfect
and afterwards solicited admission among them . in 1672 brother roderick of the cross obtained the confirmation of this establishment by the king of
an income of 3 , 000 crowns . the bethlehemites , because of making only simple
in 1681 to secure the confirmation of these new institutions . the council of the indies assigned the
founded from the abbey of gethsemani in 1951 monastic life at genesee is made up of a balanced daily round of prayer , lectio divina and manual labor in an atmosphere of simplicity , silence and fraternal support .
in 1944 the groups orbet took part in the “four naples days” ( quattro giornate di napoli ) significant for the history of italy . the story of that event is related with the heroic defend of naples from the nazi occupation . naples was the first european city released by insurrectionary forces . in 1944 the residence of the supreme magister was moved to rome , the building situated on the central street via del corso 26 , near to famous piazza del popolo . in 1949 the same building was used for the patronato nazionale assistenziale ordine betlemme – the national helping fond of the order , which approve the efficiency of organization and coordination of the charity work of orbet during the hard postwar period . in honor of these events , the special
, exclusive of princes of the blood and foreign princes , with st . george as its patron and with its
by the special permission of governmental authorities , the status “non - national orders” was granted only to a few orders of royal bourbon house of the two sicilies . it is expected that soon the same status would get the orders of other sovereign dynasties , including the houses of amoroso d’aragona .
, of which the knights of livonia thenceforward formed one branch under a provincial master of their own ( 1238 ) . their possessions , acquired by conquest , formed a principality under
according to the records in pope’s bull , the inherited name of supreme magister is becoming the possession of the amoroso d ' aragona family , the direct descendent of the prince dagobert de amorosa by the branch of his older brother – the prince giovanni de amorosa .
, a grand master ( usually the reigning prince ) , and the practice of certain devotions . most of them also asked for the
which compels the belligerent to maintain his military apparatus on a level with those of his adversary , on pain of defeat . the strength of an army was in its cavalry , and to this type the armament , mounting , and tactics of the military orders conformed . the
abbey news birthday of the church and end of the easter season almost finished . . . . . . with the . . . read more →
remarkable , that at the same time the analogical tribunal from the 18th july 1945 ( n° 475 of the royal civil court of naples ) recognized the prince antonio de kurtis galiardi – focas ( famous in 50th as popular actor of italian cinema under the pen name “toto” ) as the direct legal descendent of caesarian dynasty the komnenos of byzantium , owing all the rights and privileges of this family . in the contemporary noble catalogues he is stated as “his imperial highness antonio griffo focas flavio ducas komnenos gagliardi de curtis of byzantium
.
lacking this official recognition should be expunged from history , even though they figure in the pages of all the old historians of the military orders . as a matter of fact , more than one rule of this kind , scarcely passing beyond the initial stages , has existed , and such are the orders which may be designated
copyright © 2017 by kevin knight . dedicated to the immaculate heart of mary .
at midnight in the midst of a great throng . in 1654 he made a
to defend the immaculate conception even at the peril of his life . he died , exhausted by labour and penance , 25 april , 1667 , at the age of forty - eight . his funeral was impressive and at the request of the
, the rule bound the brethren to the exercises of the monastic life such as the recitation of the hours , for which , in the case of illiterates , a fixed number of paters was substituted . it also prescribed their dress and their food , and their feast , abstinence , and fast days . lastly , the rule imposed detailed
of the work . the favour was granted , but pedro died before the messenger ' s return . from that time the community prospered , beginning with the extension of the
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domain , and as such had a sacred character which placed them beyond liability to profane uses or to secular imposts . they differed from the temporalities of other monastic institutions only in the centralized system of their administration . while within each of the other religious institutes every
, devoted lives of these religious won them esteem and gratitude . they were especially admired during the plague of 1736 , a fact unanimously acknowledged by the writers who describe the condition of latin america in the eighteenth century . but this did not prevent their suppression , as well as that of all other religious , in 1820 . at that time their superior - general resided in mexico and the bethlehemites were scattered throughout two provinces , that of
and that a red star , whose five rays emanated from an azure centre , decorated the breast of their cape . this was in commemoration of the star that appeared to the
helpers soon joined pedro de betancourt and at length was formed a congregation of brothers generally known as bethlehemites and so called on account of their house . but the care of the sick did not totally absorb their attention ; they likewise lent their assistance in the two other
which were also barracks , combining with the passive obedience of the soldier , the spontaneous submission of the religious , living shoulder to shoulder in brotherly union , commander and subordinate , these orders surpassed , in that cohesiveness which is the ideal of every military organization , the most famous bodies of picked soldiery known to history , from the macedonian phalanx to the ottoman janissaries .
, which was republished later in 1932 , 1945 and 1949 . it listed the family names of noble and knight degrees granted by the princes amoroso d’aragona as to direct descendants and heritors of former caesarean house
amoriense
( found by mihail ii travl , the caesar of byzantium in 820 – 829 ) and to the ranked as supreme magister of own dynastic orders .
including twenty - two houses and that of new - spain , eleven . to the ordinary religious
in accordance with the willing of the prince luigi amoroso d’aragona ( 1959 – 1996 ) , from the 1992 , the right to be granted for the titles of both dynastic institutes of house amoroso d’aragona was extended to orthodox christians and protestants , although earlier there were only the catholic knights .
prince dagobert de amorosa closed his eyes on the 5th of october 1482 in naples and was buried in the church of st dominica - s . domenico maggiore di napoli . he didn’t have children .
, pedro was born at villaflora on the island of teneriffe in 1619 . from childhood he led a
the hospitaller bethlehemites , or belemites , were founded by the ven . pedro de betancourt . a descendant of the celebrated juan de betancourt , who , early in the fifteenth century , achieved the conquest of the
shop for fresh breads baked by the brothers of genesee abbey , along with coffee , cakes and more .
, pictured by the earl antonio crispo . the pope passed the apostolic blessing to the knights and all the attending . the audience was finished by ceremonial representative of the military honors by swiss guards of the st throne .
; beyond this it has left but little trace except a church of remarkable architecture , st . nicholas , at
and country , thus carrying out his desire of going to the west indies . during the following year he reached
confirmed the congregation and its constitutions ( 1673 ) . after his return to america this religious founded the hospital of
, has served as a model for all the others . after barely a century of existence , they were suppressed by
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in 1558 , to watch over and preserve that sanctuary . these distinctions were mostly granted to functionaries of the pontifical chancery .
, had recaptured from mohammed ii . the island was to be their headquarters whence they were to oppose the attacks of the
and the erection of a beautiful church . brother anthony , who assumed the government , drew up constitutions which he submitted to the
in 1468 , failing to perpetuate their existence , owing to the lack of territorial possessions , gave place to a purely secular confraternity .
help us make the future plans of the monastery a reality . we would be grateful for your contributions as we renovate the monastery .
de curtis griffo focas” is the second imperial dynasty , recognized at the same period in italy equally to the house of amoroso d’aragona .
abbey news schedule change friday , june 8th feast of the sacred heart mass 10 am followed by adoration until vespers . . . read more →
the natural beauty , silence and solitude of the verdant genesee river valley so conducive for the contemplative life provides an ideal location for the monastery .
with which they decked themselves , and which they distributed among their dupes lavishly  though not gratuitously . hence came a whole category of orders justly considered
abbey news schedule change this thursday , may 10th , is ascension thursday , a holy day of obligation . mass will be at . . . read more →
by tradition , the ceremony of accepting the new chevaliers is hold in italy , in cathedral san sabine , bari , and in the church san salvador , rimini .
abbey news solemnity of st . benedict this coming wednesday , july 11th , we ' ll be joining the entire benedictine family in celebrating . . . read more →
governed by an elective grand - master . the white costume worn by the members was decorated with a red cross and the rule prescribed for them was very similar to that of the
calls attention to the former in his
grande chronique
( tr . huillard - bréholles , paris , 1840 , 8vo , iii , 300 ) where he mentions that henry iii of
where they were very favourably received by the viceroy to whom he had recommended them . doctor antoine * d ' arvila gave them the hospital of notre dame du carmel which he was then establishing at
miræus , origine des chevalier et ordres militaires ( antwerp , 1609 ) ; favyn , histoire des ordres de chevalerie ( 2 vols . , paris , 1620 ) ; bielenfeld , geschichte und verfassung aller ritterorden ( weimar , 1841 ) ; cappeleti , storia degli ordini cavallereschi ( leghorn , 1904 ) ; clarke , concise history of knighthood , ii ( london , 1884 ) ; digby , the broad stone of honour ( london , 1876 - 77 ) ; lawrence - archer , the orders of chivalry ( london , 1887 ) ; see also bibliographies attached to special articles on the several great orders .
of st . francis , adopting its religious garb which he still retained after founding his congregation . he personally trained his first disciples and had no wish to organize a community , but simply to establish his
in accordance with the capitul ( cap . № ix , art . 63 , 64 , 74 ) and decreet of the supreme magister from the 8th december 1994 , each class has its own category :
had passed . the orders of any historical existence may be reduced to three categories : ( a ) the greater regular orders ; ( b ) the lesser regular orders ; ( c ) the secular orders .
contact information . the editor of new advent is kevin knight . my email address is webmaster at newadvent . org . regrettably , i can ' t reply to every letter , but i greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads .
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in those days employed so freely . they did not all follow the same monastic rule . the
in all its rigour ; they were permitted , in certain orders , to marry once , and that only with a maiden . even where second marriages were tolerated , they had to
were the heavy cavalry ; the men - at - arms - brethren , the light cavalry . the former were entitled to three horses a piece ; the latter had to be content with one . among the former , only
nihil obstat . october 1 , 1911 . remy lafort , s . t . d . , censor .
as to their founder , where they originated , and their history . we only
also excited his compassion . every thursday he begged for them through the city and visited them in their cells . the neglected
he was buried in their church where , for a long time , his remains were held in veneration .
requested him to make some alterations in the habit worn by his religious . a free
and observed the same rule as the men and they , too , were suppressed in 1820 .
h lyot , histoire des ordres monastiques , iii , 355 - 356 ; viii , 371 - 372 ; baronius , annales ecclesiastici ( lucca , 1753 ) , xxix , 179 - 180 ; heimbucher , die orden und kongregationen , i , 497 - 498 ; de montalvo , vida del venerable pedro de san jos betancourt ( rome , 1718 ) ; eyzaguirre , los intereses cat licos en am rica ( paris , 1859 ) , ii , 304 - 306 , 408 - 410 .
nihil obstat . 1907 . remy lafort , s . t . d . , censor .
since the 1730 , the prince filippo augusto amoroso d’aragona ( 1722 – 1744 ) is resuming the chivalric investitures in neapolitan kingdom .
in 1903 the knights headed by the great magister the prince luigi cesario amoroso d’aragona ( 1899 – 1931 ) were put up by pope pius x on the private audience . the inscription in the document
the category is granted to the chevaliers born in noble , or raised to a squireship now days .
the category is associated with the chevaliers distinguished by a special deserts , whose ascendants by women line belonged to a noble families , or without the noble origin .
( viadell ' immacolata , 13 - 31100 treviso tel . 0422 - 261892 fax 0422 - 1780767 )
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macroglossum aquila is a moth of the family sphingidae .

it is known from north-eastern india , bangladesh , thailand , southern china , vietnam , malaysia ( peninsular , sarawak ) , indonesia ( sumatra , java , kalimantan ) and the philippines ( luzon ) .

the wingspan is 49 – 54 mm .

macroglossum aquila

macroglossum aquila boisduval macroglossa aquila boisduval , 1875 , hist . nat . insectes , spec . gen . lep . , 1 : 340 . macroglossum aquila boisduval ; rothschild & jordan , 1903 : 657 .
no one has contributed data records for macroglossum aquila yet . learn how to contribute .
minden pictures stock photos - hummingbird hawk moth ( macroglossum aquila ) hovering near a flower , feeding on the nectar by means of its long probosci . . .
macroglossa aquila boisduval , [ 1875 ] , in : boisduval & guenée , hist . nat . insectes ( spec . gén . lépid . hétérocères ) 1 : 340 . type locality : [ bangladesh , ] silhet [ sylhet ] ; cochinchina [ vietnam ] .
macroglossum geoffmartini ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 10
macroglossum eggeri ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 10
macroglossum haxairei ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 10
macroglossum loeffleri ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 10
macroglossum luteata ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 14
macroglossum oceanicum ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 14
macroglossum perplexum ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 15
macroglossum pseudocorythus ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 15
macroglossum pseudoluteata ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 15
macroglossum stenoxanthum ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 15
macroglossum sulai ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 15
macroglossum corythus fuscicauda ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 12
macroglossum buruensis holland , 1900 ; novit . zool . 7 ( 3 ) : 556 ; tl : buru
macroglossum corythus fulvicaudata ; [ hmw ] ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 12
macroglossum corythus novebudensis ; [ hmw ] ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 12
macroglossum corythus novirlandum ; [ hmw ] ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 12
macroglossum corythus platyxanthum ; [ hmw ] ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 13
macroglossum corythus pylene ; [ hmw ] ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 13
macroglossum corythus xanthurus ; [ hmw ] ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 14
macroglossum sulai eitschberger , 2002 ; neue ent . nachr . 54 : 166 ; tl : sulawesi , selatan , bungku
wingspan : 49 - - 54mm . immediately distinguishable from all other species of macroglossum by the costal edge of hindwing dilated into a rounded lobe in proximal half . forewing upperside with antemedian lines placed more basally than in other species of macroglossum .
macroglossum marquesanum collenette , 1935 ; bull . bishop mus . 114 : 209 ; tl : hivaoa , kaava ridge , 2460ft
? macroglossum palauensis matsumura , 1930 ; trans . sapporo nat . hist . soc . 11 : 120 ; tl : japan
macroglossum eggeri eitschberger , 2002 ; neue ent . nachr . 54 : 173 - 174 ; tl : sulawesi , selatan , parigi
macroglossum pseudocorythus eitschberger , 2002 ; neue ent . nachr . 54 : 158 ; tl : sulawesi , selatan , makki , 800m
macroglossum pseudoluteata eitschberger , 2002 ; neue ent . nachr . 54 : 165 ; tl : sulawesi , selatan , palolo , 800m
macroglossum micacea albibase rothschild , 1905 ; novit . zool . 12 ( 1 ) : 79 ; tl : bougainville i . , solomons
macroglossum perplexum eitschberger , 2002 ; neue ent . nachr . 54 : ? 16 , 170 ; tl : sulawesi , selatan , mamujuju
macroglossum geoffmartini eitschberger , 2002 ; neue ent . nachr . 54 : 172 - 173 ; tl : sulawesi , selatan , n of palopo
macroglossum haxairei eitschberger , 2002 ; neue ent . nachr . 54 : 174 - 175 ; tl : sulawesi , selatan , paredean , 700m
macroglossum sylvia ; hogenes & treadaway , 1998 , nachr . ent . ver . apollo , suppl . 17 : 88 ( part . )
macroglossum fuscicauda rothschild & jordan , 1903 ; novit . zool . 9 ( suppl . ) : 663 ; tl : lifu , loyalty island
macroglossum novebudensis clark , 1926 ; proc . new england zool . cl . 9 : 54 - 55 ; tl : tanna , new hebrides
macroglossum xanthurus rothschild & jordan , 1903 ; novit . zool . 9 ( suppl . ) : 662 ; tl : larat , tenimber island
macroglossum oceanicum rothschild & jordan , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 292 ; tl : solomon islands , chago archipelago
macroglossum sylvia ; rothschild & jordan , 1903 , 658 ; [ hmw ] ; eitschberger , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 58 : 15
macroglossum ungues rothschild & jordan , 1903 ; novit . zool . 9 ( suppl . ) : 643 ; tl : buru , amboina , java , etc
macroglossum loeffleri eitschberger , 2002 ; neue ent . nachr . 54 : 171 - 172 ; tl : n . vietnam , 55km nww hanoi , tam dao
macroglossum lepidum rothschild & jordan , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 287 , pl . 20 , f . 5 ; tl : nias
macroglossum iwasakii matsumura , 1921 ; thous . ins . japan ( additam . ) 4 : 754 , pl . 54 , f . 9 ; tl : japan
macroglossum faro ; rothschild & jordan , 1903 , novit . zool . 9 ( suppl . ) : 665 , pl . 4 , f . 14 ; [ hmw ]
macroglossum sylvia ; inoue , kennett & kitching , 1997 , the moths of thailand 2 : 101 , pl . 30 , f . 136 , p . 146 gen 28
macroglossum kadneri eitschberger , 2004 ; neue ent . nachr . 58 : 7 , 10 , pl . 1 & 2 , f . 5 ; tl : indonesia , sulawesi , selatan , salubai
macroglossum palawana eitschberger & treadaway , 2004 ; neue ent . nachr . 58 : 7 , 10 , pl . 1 & 2 , f . 6 ; tl : philippines , palawan , irawan , 50m
macroglossum trigi eitschberger , 2004 ; neue ent . nachr . 58 : 4 , 11 , pl . 1 & 2 , f . 3 ; tl : indonesia , sulawesi , selatan , n of palopo
macroglossum napolovi eitschberger , 2004 ; neue ent . nachr . 58 : 9 , 10 , pl . 1 & 2 , f . 9 ; tl : n . vietnam , 55km nnw hanoi , tam dao
macroglossum wolframmeyi eitschberger & treadaway , 2004 ; neue ent . nachr . 58 : 8 , 11 , pl . 1 & 2 , f . 8 ; tl : philippines , off palawan , cuyo i . , 400ft
in the male genitalia , uncus gradually narrowed , apically obtuse , slightly downcurved . gnathos rounded apically . valve with stridulatory scales . harpe short , stout , upperside excavated , edges dentate , looking like a brush in lateral view . aedeagus with a patch of teeth near the base of the apical process , which is slender , denticulate basally , along its proximal edge and at the apex , which is obtuse .
china : guangdong ; guangxi ( guilin ; longsheng ) ; hainan ( wanning ) .
northeastern india , bangladesh , thailand , southern china , vietnam , malaysia ( peninsular , sarawak ) , indonesia ( sumatra , java , kalimantan ) , philippines ( luzon ) .
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histoire naturelle des insectes . species général des lépidoptères hétérocères . 1 . sphingides , sésiides , castnides 340
syntypes [ bangladesh : ] silhet [ sylhet ] ; cochinchina [ vietnam ] [ cmnh ] . only a male syntype from
cochinchina
has been found in the cmnh .
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diagnosis . the hindwings have the costa ( seen from below ) with an angular expansion at one third . the yellow band above is constricted centrally by the sharply angular border of the distal black zone . geographical range . n . e . himalaya to sundaland , philippines . habitat preference . two specimens have been taken in recent surveys , both from lowland forest in brunei ( harman , 1981 ) .
macroglossa vialis butler , 1875 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1875 : 240 , pl . 36 , f . 5 ; tl : canara
macroglossa interrupta butler , 1875 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1875 : 242 , pl . 37 , f . 2 ; tl : darjeeling
macroglossa belia hampson , [ 1893 ] ; fauna br . india ( moths ) 1 : 114 ; tl : ceylon
1024x768 ( ~ 71kb ) oppadake , okinawa , ryukyu , japan , 7 - 93 , photo © s . shuichi haupt
macroglossa calescens butler , 1882 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 10 ( 56 ) : 156 ; tl : new britain
macroglossa dohertyi rothschild , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 1 ) : 67 , pl . 5 , f . 2 ; tl : amboina
sphinx faro cramer , [ 1780 ] ; uitl . kapellen 3 ( 23 - 24 ) : 165
rhamphoschisma godeffroyi butler , 1882 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 10 ( 56 ) : 157 ; tl : duke - of - york i .
macroglossa burmanica rothschild , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 1 ) : 68 , pl . 5 , f . 3 ; tl : burma
heliophila divergens ( walker , 1856 ) ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 8 : 94
macroglossa hemichroma butler , 1875 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1875 : 243 , pl . 37 , f . 1 ; tl : silhet
indo - australian tropics , australia , hong kong , sumatra , java . see [ maps ]
hong kong , japan , peninsular malaysia , sumatra , borneo , ? sulawesi . see [ maps ]
macroglossa mitchelli ménétriés , 1857 ; cat . lep . petersb . 2 : 95
macroglossa semifasciata hampson , [ 1893 ] ; fauna br . india ( moths ) 1 : 115
macroglossa orientalis butler , 1877 ; trans . zool . soc . lond . 9 ( 19 ) : 528 ; tl : moulmein
naf , seu , ceu , am , ac , s . india , indochina . see [ maps ]
1000x643 ( ~ 116kb ) northern greece , axios delta , june 1995 , photo © dylan lloyd leg .
macroglossa similis rothschild , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 1 ) : 68 ; tl : oinainissa
macroglossa corythus walker , 1856 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 8 : 92 ; tl : ceylon
macroglossa proxima butler , 1875 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1875 : 4 , pl . 1 , f . 1 ; tl : ceylon , canara
macroglossa proxima ; moore , 1882 , lepid . ceylon 2 ( 1 ) : 29 , pl . 91 , f . 1a - b
macroglossa fulvicaudata butler , 1882 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 10 ( 56 ) : 155 ; tl : new britain
macroglossa moluccensis rothschild , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 1 ) : 67 ; tl : batjan , n . molucca islands
macroglossa luteata butler , 1875 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1875 : 241 , pl . 37 , f . 5 ; tl : silhet
[ dylan lloyd ] hafanedd , deiniol rd . , bangor , wales , u . k . , ll57 2up
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
histoire naturelle des insectes . species général des lépidoptéres hétérocéres . tome premier . sphingides , sésiides , castnides
lepidopterorum amboinensium a dre . l . doleschall annis 1856 - 58 collectorum species novae
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
sammlung exotischer schmetterlinge , vol . 2 ( [ 1819 ] - [ 1827 ] )
systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition
a catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the museum of the hon . east - india company in horsfield & moore ,
a list of the lepidopterous insects collected by mr . ossian limborg in upper tenasserim , with descriptions of new species
wallengren , 1858 nya fjärilslägten - nova genera lepidopterorum öfvers . vet . akad . förh . 15 : 75 - 84 , 135 - 142 , 209 - 215
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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this large moth caterpillar gives the threatening appearance of a snake head , which may help to ward off potential predators . the eye - spots are patches of color on the body of the caterpillar , with its real head curled beneath .
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the glaucous-blue grosbeak ( cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea ) , also known as the indigo grosbeak , is a species of bird in the cardinalidae family .

it is the only member of the genus cyanoloxia .

it is found in argentina , brazil , and uruguay .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist shrubland , and heavily degraded former forest .

glaucous - blue grosbeak

brewer , d . ( 2018 ) . glaucous - blue grosbeak ( cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
azulinho cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea glaucous - blue grosbeak durante a aula pratica do mini curso de observação de aves da divisão de fauna de são paulo , sucesso total , mais de 40 novos observadores estrearam observando essa ave . não use gaiolas , plante uma árvore que elas vem . denuncie o tráfico de animais silvestres , ibama - linha verde - telefone : 0800 - 61 - 8080 a ligação é gratuita ou pelo e - mail : linhaverde . sede @ urltoken
nests oct–dec in uruguay . nest a cup of small twigs , placed at low or medium height in dense vegetation . clutch 2–4 eggs , pale sky - blue . . .
14 cm ; three birds 16–19·5 g . male is deep dark sky - blue above ( each feather having very narrow blackish terminal edging ) , brightest on forehead and rump ; remiges blackish . . .
contributed for the female bird song project : urltoken apparent female ( timing of recording seems a bit early for a singing juvenile male , assuming they breed in austral spring ) , all brown with no hint of blue that i was able to see . calling and foraging in dense underbrush of araucaria forest , about 15ft away . amplified with audacity .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' uncommon ' ( stotz et al . 1996 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat loss .
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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
apparent hybrids between this species and an unspecified sporophila seed - finch ( thraupidae ) reported from brazil . monotypic .
ne argentina ( misiones , corrientes , entre ríos and ne buenos aires ) , se brazil ( s são paulo , santa catarina , rio grande do sul ) and n , e & w uruguay ; in austral winter , some move n as far mato grosso do sul ( s brazil ) .
song , usually from concealed perch in dense cover , a fast , high , hurried jumbled warbling ; call “ . . .
edges of low forest , bushes on humid river islands , marshes , second growth ; from near sea - level to . . .
partial austral migrant . during austral winter , some move n as far as mato grosso do sul , s goiás . . .
not globally threatened . generally rather rare to uncommon over much of range . not well known .
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previously included in a much broader emberizidae . limits and composition redrawn in recent years , based on extensive molecular work # r # r . as compared to hbw : granatellus is imported from parulidae , amaurospiza from passerellidae ( part of emberizidae in hbw ) , and habia ( now including chlorothraupis ) and piranga from thraupidae ; at the same time , saltator and parkerthraustes have been removed to thraupidae .
sometimes subsumed within passerina . includes several species previously placed in cyanocompsa , moved here based on molecular data # r .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
entrada a gendarmeria ( ruta 2 c . km35 ) , area pp mocona , guarani , el soberbio , misiones
inventario de aves en campo avalos 2010 , corrientes , arg . : aves argentinas & alianzas por el pastizal .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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gill & wright ( 2006 ) corrigenda / updates - 21 - sep - 2007 , website ( version 1 . 1 )
ioc world bird list ( v 5 . 3 ) , website ( version 5 . 3 )
gill , f . , and d . donsker , eds . 2015 . ioc world bird list ( v 5 . 3 ) . available at urltoken [ accessed 04 september , 2015 ]
zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource , 2015 . 02 . 01 , website ( version 01 - feb - 15 )
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .