the malabar trevally , carangoides malabaricus , ( also known as the malabar jack , malabar kingfish and nakedshield kingfish ) is a species of large inshore marine fish of the jack family , carangidae .

it is distributed throughout the indian and west pacific oceans from south africa in the west to japan and australia in the east , inhabiting reefs and sandy bays on the continental shelf .

the malabar trevally is similar to many of the other species in the genus carangoides , with the number of gill rakers and the grey-brown colour of the tongue being the diagnostic features .

the malabar trevally is a predator , taking a variety of small fish , cephalopods and crustaceans .

the species is of minor economic importance throughout its range , caught by a variety of net and handline methods .

malabar trevally

we are acknowledged as prominent manufacturer and exporter of a fine grade of malabar trevally , which has managed to make its name in the international market . the clean and fresh quality malabar trevally is processed and packed as per the standards set by the seafood industry . moreover , customized packaging facilities are provided to the customers for malabar trevally . scientific name
we are acknowledged for offering malabar trevally fish . the clean and fresh quality malabar trevally is processed and packed as per the standards set by the seafood industry . moreover , customized packaging facilities are provided to the customers as per their requirement .
the species is commonly referred to as the brassy trevally , tea - leaf trevally , or greenback trevally in reference to its colouration , while papuan trevally is used in reference to the specific epithet . [ 4 ]
the brassy trevally , caranx papuensis ( also known as the brassy kingfish , papuan trevally , tea - leaf trevally , and green back trevally ) is a species of large marine fish classified in the jack family , carangidae .
day , f . ( 1865 ) .
on the fishes of cochin , the malabar coast of india part i
.
the malabar trevally is also known as the malabar jack , malabar kingfish and nakedshield kingfish . the malabar trevally has the typical body profile of a jack , with a strongly compressed body almost ovate in shape . the colour of the malabar trevally is usually a silver overlain by a bluish - grey hue on the upper side of the fish fading to a silvery white on the underside and lower flanks . it is marketed fresh , may be dried or salted . this video is taken in kasimedu , north chennai . kasimedu is one of the important fishing port in chennai . a usual day starts here busily at 4 a . m . they supply fish to some of the top hotels in the city . nearly 30 , 000 people visit the auction hall situated near the harbour everyday . 30 percent is sent to other states such as karnataka and kerala too .
the bluefin trevally is one of the premier gamefish of the indo - pacific region , although is often overshadowed by its larger cousin , the giant trevally .
most bluefin trevally sold in hawaii are now imported from other indo - pacific nations .
carangoides praeustus ( anonymous [ e . t . bennett ] , 1830 ) ( brownback trevally )
much in the way the related species , giant trevally have been observed to do in captivity .
hawaii also keeps catch records , with these showing the species is taken in far less numbers than the giant trevally , with only 704 pounds taken compared to 10 149 lbs of giant trevally in 1998 .
and a row of widely spaced conical teeth on the lower jaw . the blacktip trevally has 24 to 27
carangoides orthogrammus ( d . s . jordan & c . h . gilbert , 1882 ) ( island trevally )
the bluefin trevally has been successfully kept in large saltwater aquaria , but require large water volumes to adapt well .
the blacktip trevally is a large fish , growing to a maximum recorded size of 1 m in length and 12 . 5
in hawaii found the bluefin trevally is the most common trevally species taken , accounting for over 80 % of the carangid catch . the authors note that this may not only reflect its abundance , but also it vulnerability to specific fishing methods used in the tournament .
the golden trevally is not currently considered threatened ; however , it is exploited for small scale commercial or subsistence fisheries in coastal waters , usually using artisanal fishing methods such as gillnets and spears . juvenile golden trevally may be taken for the aquarium trade ( 2 ) .
the bluefin trevally hunts both as a solitary individual and in groups of up to 20 , with most fish preferring an individual approach .
the bluefin trevally is a large fish , growing to a maximum known length of 117 cm and a weight of 43 . 5 kg ,
an onion trevally , carangoides coeruleopinnatus , in lembeh strait , sulawesi , indonesia . source : jim greenfield / fishbase . license : all rights reserved
bray , r . a . & justine , j . - l . 2006 : prosorhynchus maternus sp . n . ( digenea : bucephalidae ) from the malabar grouper epinephelus malabaricus ( perciformes : serranidae ) off new caledonia . folia parasitologica , 53 , 181 - 188 . doi : 10 . 14411 / fp . 2006 . 024
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive species - golden trevally ( gnathanodon speciosus )
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive species - golden trevally ( gnathanodon speciosus )
title =
arkive species - golden trevally ( gnathanodon speciosus )
border =
0
/ > < / a >
calculations suggest each individual bluefin trevally consumes around 45 kg of fish per year on average , making it one of the most effective predators in this habitat .
referred to as the ' bluefin trevally ' , with the species ' s distinctive blue fins contributing to most of its other common names . these include bluefin jack , bluefin kingfish , blue ulua , omilu , bluefinned crevalle and spotted trevally . the species has many other non - english names due to its wide distribution .
being the most common . despite the preference of several families , bluefin trevally do take a very wide variety of fish in small amounts , including various species of
the rapid decline in the population has seen a focus on breeding the bluefin trevally in captivity . the species ' aquaculture potential was first investigated in a 1975 experiment in
spawning occurs during april and may , with studies on the biology of the golden trevally showing that growth of the population occurs fastest during the summer months ( 2 ) .
; in this mode the trevally change their colour to a dark pigmentation state and hide behind large coral lumps close to where the aggregations ( often spawning reef fish ) occur .
long term studies have found the fish may range up to 10 . 2 km over several months , however is much less restricted in its movements than its relative , the giant trevally .
individuals of between 40 and 170 mm have been recorded in south african estuaries , where they are the least tolerant carangid to the brackish and freshwater conditions of these systems . bluefin trevally can tolerate
knaggs , b . ( 2008 ) . knaggs , b . , ed .
12 rounds with trevally
. saltwater fishing . silverwater , nsw : express publications ( 58 ) : 72–80 .
the bluefin trevally displays a remarkable array of hunting techniques , ranging from midwater attacks to ambush and taking advantage of larger forage fish . the species is reported to hunt during the day , particularly at
, once the prey school has been attacked , the trevally chases down the prey as they scatter back to cover in the corals , often colliding with coral as they attempt to snatch a fish .
the golden trevally is found throughout the indo - pacific region , east to the pacific coast of the americas ( baja california , mexico and ecuador ) ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 6 ) .
— melsvapelekė karangė statusas t sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys : lot . caranx melampygus angl . bluefin jack ; bluefin trevally rus . звездчатый каранкс ; крапчатый каранкс ; синепёрый каранкс ryšiai : platesnis terminas –… …
the imposter trevally inhabits the tropical waters of the indian and west pacific oceans . its range extends from the gulf of oman through to india and sri lanka in the west , with a break in records from sri lanka to the gulf of thailand . in the west pacific the imposter trevally inhabits south east asian waters from the gulf of thailand to sumatra and borneo . it is distributed east towards the philippines and guam , and south to australia .
confined to inshore coastal habitats , the golden trevally is usually encountered over sandy bottoms , lagoons and coral and rocky reefs , to depths of around 50 metres ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) .
knaggs , b . ( 2008 ) . knaggs , b . . ed . 12 rounds with trevally . saltwater fishing ( no . 58 ) . silverwater , nsw : express publications . pp . 72–80 . isbn 8233000551 .
as other fish , the brassy trevally is the host of various parasites . internal parasites include the bucephalid digenean prosorhynchoides lamprelli in the intestine [ 17 ] and external parasites include the protomicrocotylid monogenean lethacotyle vera on the gills . [ 18 ]
trials . the catch statistics for the bluefin trevally are poorly reported in most of its range , with only parts of the western indian ocean supplying information to the fao . in this region , catch levels have fluctuated between 2 and 50
the brassy trevally is not of high importance to commercial fisheries , often finding its way to market as bycatch in various netting and hook - and - line fisheries . [ 8 ] catch statistics are not kept for the species . the species is of some importance to recreational fishermen , and is considered a good gamefish and is often taken by various fish baits , as well as lures and flies . [ 19 ] despite this , it is rarely targeted by anglers , who overlook it for larger relatives such as giant trevally and bluefin trevally , [ 20 ] with the species often being an incidental catch , and rarely kept . [ 21 ] the species is also commonly taken by spearfishermen . brassy trevally is considered to be an excellent table fish . [ 11 ] the species has been held in large saltwater aquaria , with studies at the reunion island aquarium reporting the species adjusts to aquarium life , but needs a large tank . [ 22 ]
the imposter trevally inhabits coastal waters throughout its range , often found over the sandy continental shelf in the waters off north west australia . here it is known to form cohabit with carangoides coeruleopinnatus and carangoides malabaricus in waters 30 to 140 m deep .
the imposter trevally is of little importance to fisheries throughout its range , occasionally caught using hook and line , bottom trawls and various types of artisanal nets . it is often found in the bycatch of northern australian prawn trawlers , and usually discarded .
once the prey is close enough to the hiding spot , the fish ram the base of the school , before chasing down individual fish . these dark fish in ambush mode vigorously drive away any other bluefin trevally that stray too close to the aggregation .
in many cases , the species uses changes in the depth of the reef such as ledges to conceal its ambush attacks . bluefin trevally also enter lagoons as the tide rises to hunt small baitfish in the shallow confines , leaving as the tide falls .
distinguished from other trevally species by its striking colouration , the golden trevally ( gnathanodon speciosus ) is beautiful bright yellow or golden as a juvenile and young adult , with a narrow black bar through the eye and between 7 and 12 vertical black bars , of alternating widths , along the body . the fins of this small fish are yellow , while the tail ( caudal fin ) is black - tipped and deeply forked . the second dorsal fin is larger than the first , and the pectoral fins are long and sickle - shaped ( 3 ) . as the golden trevally grows , the yellow becomes more silvery and iridescent , the black bars fade , and scattered , blackish blotches develop on the sides of the body ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) . the golden trevally has thick , fleshy lips and a protractile ( extendable ) mouth . adults lack teeth , and only a few small teeth are present in the lower jaw of juveniles ( 4 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) .
the brassy trevally is classified within the genus caranx , one of a number of groups known as the jacks or trevallies . caranx itself is part of the larger jack and horse mackerel family carangidae , a group of percoid fishes in the order perciformes . [ 1 ]
zhao , z . ; lu , y . ( 2006 ) .
establishment and characterization of two cell lines from bluefin trevally caranx melampygus
. diseases of aquatic organisms 68 ( 2 ) : 91–100 . doi : 10 . 3354 / dao068091 . pmid 16532601 .
the imposter trevally is classified within the genus carangoides , one of a number of groups of fish referred to as jacks and trevallies . carangoides is further classified in the family carangidae , itself part of the suborder percoidei and the order perciformes ; the perch - like fishes .
a silvery grey trevally often with five indistinct darker bars and scattered yellow spots on sides , a small black blotch on the upper part of the gill cover , and no scales on the breast to beyond the origin of the pelvic fins . juveniles have a filamentous lobe on the second dorsal fin .
the upper body of the bluefin trevally is a silver - brassy colour , fading to silvery white on the underside of the fish , often with blue hues . after they reach lengths greater than 16 cm , blue - black spots appear on the upper flanks of the fish , with these becoming more prolific with age .
meyer , c . g . ; honebrink , r . r . ( 2005 ) .
transintestinal expulsion of surgically implanted dummy transmitters by bluefin trevally—implications for long - term movement studies
. transactions of the american fisheries society 134 ( 3 ) : 602–60 . doi : 10 . 1577 / t04 - 082 . 1 .
the golden trevally is a fast - swimming , predatory fish . it typically hunts in small groups , foraging in the sand for invertebrates ( usually molluscs and crustaceans ) and small fish , which are sucked up into the mouth by extending the protractile jaws into a tube ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . juvenile golden trevally often mimic the behaviour of pilot fish ( naucrates ductor ) , associating closely with sharks and other large fish ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 7 ) , and are also known to live among the tentacles of jellyfish ( possibly for protection against predators ) ( 2 ) ( 6 ) .
chambers , m . d . ( ostrowski , a . c . ) .
development of bluefin trevally ( caranx melampygus ) and greater amberjack ( seriola dumerili ) for offshore aquaculture
. joining forces with industry : proceedings third international conference on open ocean aquaculture , corpus christi , texas , may 10–15 , 1998 : 132–141 .
masuda , r . ; ziemann , d . a . ( 2003 ) .
vulnerability of pacific threadfin juveniles to predation by bluefin trevally and hammerhead shark : size dependent mortality and handling stress
. aquaculture 217 ( 1 - 4 ) : 249–257 . doi : 10 . 1016 / s0044 - 8486 ( 02 ) 00254 - 5 .
the brassy trevally is a large species of fish , growing to a known maximum of 88 cm in length and 6 . 4 kg in weight . [ 4 ] as its name suggests , the brassy trevally is a brassy to yellow greenish colour dorsally , becoming silvery white on the underside . juveniles generally lack the brassy tinge , being silver all over . [ 7 ] the species ' head and body above the lateral line is scattered with small black spots , with few spots occasionally much lower near the pectoral fins . these spots become more numerous with age . the species also has a conspicuous pale silvery - white spot with black margins shoulder near the upper opercle . the fins are yellow to dusky with the exception of the caudal fin , which has a dusky upper lobe and a dusky to yellow lower lobe and distinctive narrow white band on the trailing edge . [ 8 ] [ 9 ] it is often confused with the giant trevally , caranx ignobilis , but is best distinguished by its lighter dorsal colouring and abundant black spots .
holland , k . n . ; lowe , c . g . & wetherbee , b . m . ( 1996 ) .
movements and dispersal patterns of blue trevally ( caranx melampygus ) in a fisheries conservation zone
. fisheries research 25 ( 3 - 4 ) : 279–292 . doi : 10 . 1016 / 0165 - 7836 ( 95 ) 00442 - 4 .
morikake , a . m . ; moriwake , v . n . , ostrowski , a . c . & lee , c . - s . ( 2001 ) .
natural spawning of the bluefin trevally caranx melampygus in captivity
. aquaculture 203 ( 1 - 2 ) : 159–164 . doi : 10 . 1016 / s0044 - 8486 ( 01 ) 00621 - 4 .
kim , b . g . ; divikaran , s . , brown , c . l . & ostrowski , a . c . ( 2001 ) .
comparative digestive enzyme ontogeny in two marine larval fishes : pacific threadfin ( polydactylus sexfilis ) and bluefin trevally ( caranx melampygus )
. fish physiology and biochemistry 24 ( 3 ) : 225–241 . doi : 10 . 1023 / a : 1014054431627 .
the blacktip trevally ' s colouration is distinctive , with the upper body being dark bronze to yellow green while the lower body fades to silvery white below . the caudal fin is bright to olive yellow , with the top half normally black to dark , giving the species its common name . other fins range from bright yellow to dusky with little yellow at all . the species also lacks the dark spot on the
time movements are less extensive than daytime movements , with the trevally moving rapidly between several small reef sections , before slowing down and milling in one patch for around an hour . the fish living in a particular region congregate in one area at night , before returning to their individual daytime range during the day . the reason for this congregation is unclear , but may be important to the social structure of the species .
only one study has thoroughly recorded the diet of the imposter trevally , which was carried out in albatross bay , australia . it was found teleost fish made up 73 % of its diet , cephalopods 16 % and a variety of crustaceans including brachyurans and stomatopods the remainder . it is thought that the coexisting c . coeruleopinnatus and c . malabaricus use diet partitioning to allow this cohabitation . nothing is known of the species reproduction and growth patterns .
the imposter trevally is a silver to bluish grey dorsally , becoming silvery white below . a major distinguishing feature is the white to pale grey tongue , with this also seen in the carangid genus uraspis although their different body shapes prevent confusion with c . talamparoides . the operculum has a small black spot on its upper margin . the soft dorsal and anal fins are dusky in colour , while the caudal fin is dusky yellow with black distal margins .
the brassy trevally inhabits both inshore and offshore environments , predominantly inhabiting the seaward side of reef complexes or deepwater pinnacles as an adult . [ 11 ] other habitats the species is known from include rock outcrops in sandy bays and lagoons , [ 12 ] while juveniles are often found in tidal mangrove - lined creeks in turbid waters . [ 13 ] juveniles are also found in estuaries throughout their range , occasionally extending to the upper reaches of rivers . [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ]
the brassy trevally is a predatory fish , traveling either individually or in small schools , where it hunts down a variety of prey including small fish , squid , prawns , and crabs . [ 11 ] studies on the species in natal estuaries found juveniles take predominantly crustaceans as prey , switching to teleosts as they mature . [ 14 ] other aspects of the species biology are poorly understood , including reproduction and movements , although catch data indicate higher numbers occur in south africa in summer . [ 11 ]
the brassy trevally is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the indian and west pacific oceans . its range extends from south africa and madagascar north along the east african coast , but no records of the species are known from the red sea or persian gulf . records resume from india eastward throughout southeast asia , the indonesian archipelago and numerous indian ocean and east pacific island groups . the species is known from as far south as sydney , australia [ 10 ] and as far north as the ryukyu islands of japan . its range extends eastward to the marquesas islands in the central pacific . [ 4 ] [ 8 ]
it is similar in general appearance to most jacks in the genus , having a compressed , oblong body , with the dorsal profile more convex than the ventral profile , particularly anteriorly . [ 8 ] the dorsal fin is in two distinct parts ; the first consisting of eight spines and the second of one spine and 21 to 23 soft rays . the anal fin consists of two anteriorly detached spines followed by one spine and 16 to 19 soft rays , [ 9 ] while the pelvic fins have one spine followed by 19 to 20 soft rays . the lateral line is moderately arched anteriorly , with 53 to 61 scales in this section , while the straight section contains none to three scales and 31 to 39 strong scutes . the breast is naked ventrally with the exception of a small patch of scales before the pelvic fin . [ 7 ] the species has weakly developed adipose eyelids , while its dentition consists of an outer row of widely spaced canines and an inner band of villiform teeth in the upper jaw with a row of widely spaced conical teeth on the lower jaw . the brassy trevally has 26 to 30 gill rakers and 24 vertebrae . [ 8 ]
the imposter trevally is a relatively small species , growing to a maximum known length of 30 cm , still making it small compared to many of its relatives . the overall shape of the fish is similar to most of the other species in carangoides , having a strongly compressed almost ovate body , with the dorsal profile somewhat more convex than the ventral . this asymmetry is due to the dorsal profile of the head being strongly elevated to the nape . the dorsal fin is in two distinct sections ; the first consisting of 8 spines and the second of 1 spine and 20 to 23 soft rays . the long section of the anal fin is preceded by two detached spines , while the main fin has 1 spine and 17 to 19 soft rays . the lobes of both the soft dorsal and anal fins are low , being shorter than the head length . the lateral line has a moderate anterior arch , with the curved section of the line much longer than the straight section . there are 32 to 52 scales on the lateral line , with 20 to 32 of these being weak scutes at the base of the caudal fin . the breast is devoid of scales , with this area extending to behind the pelvic fins , and often as far as the anal fin , and reaching as far up as the pectoral fin base . the jaws both have bands of small villiform teeth , with some outer teeth becoming conical at the front of the mouth . there are 27 to 31 gill rakers and 24 vertebrae in total .
an annotated list of the 63 species in 23 genera of carangid fishes known from australian waters is presented . included in these 63 are eight endemic species , eight new australian records ( alepes vari , carangoides equula , c . plagiotaenia , c . talamparoides , caranx lugubris , decapterus kurroides , d . tabl and seriola rivoliana ) and a new species in the genus alepes . a generic key and specific keys to alectis , alepes , carangoides , scomberoides , selar , ulua and uraspis are given . the systematics of the 32 australian species of alectis , alepes , atule , carangoides ,
caranx
, elagatis , gnathanodon , megalaspis , pantolabus , scomberoides , selar , selaroides , seriolina , ulua and uraspis are covered in detail . for each species a recommended common name , other common names , australian secondary synonymy , diagnosis , colour notes , description , comparison with other species , maximum recorded size , ecological notes and distribution are given . specific primary synonymies are listed when the type locality is australia or papua new guinea
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
turkish journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences ( journal , magazine , 2001 ) [ worldcat . org ]
your web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .
your list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .
note : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .
the e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
the e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : turkish journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences publisher : [ erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar ] : central fisheries resarch institute . isbn / issn : 1303 - 2712 oclc : 890294421
please choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .
you may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .
turkish journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences / ; [ erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar ] : central fisheries resarch institute .
worldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more ››
don ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
french , carangue , the name of a caribbean fish ; 1836 ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; amphidromous ( ref . 51243 ) ; depth range 20 - 140 m ( ref . 11441 ) . tropical ; 40°n - 40°s , 26°e - 170°w
indo - west pacific : east coast of africa ( without verified records from the red sea ) to sri lanka and farther eastward to the gulf of thailand , north to japan and south to australia .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 60 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 2334 ) ; common length : 30 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 2334 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 9 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 20 - 23 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 17 - 19 .
adults occur in the continental shelf , near rocks and coral reefs ( ref . 7300 ) . they feed on crustaceans , small squids , and fishes ( ref . 5213 ) . juveniles are found in sandy bays ( ref . 2334 ) . marketed fresh , may be dried or salted ( ref . 5284 ) .
randall , j . e . , g . r . allen and r . c . steene , 1990 . fishes of the great barrier reef and coral sea . university of hawaii press , honolulu , hawaii . 506 p . ( ref . 2334 )
) : 22 . 6 - 28 . 4 , mean 27 . 2 ( based on 887 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 02239 ( 0 . 01635 - 0 . 03066 ) , b = 2 . 91 ( 2 . 85 - 2 . 97 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 9 ±0 . 52 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( k = 0 . 68 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 25 of 100 ) .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
this species can be easily confused with carangoides talamparoides ( w . smith - vaniz pers . comm . 2015 ) .
justification : this species occurs western indian ocean , from south africa to the persian gulf , east to the indo - malayan region , south to queensland and north to japan . this species inhabits coral and rocky reefs . this species is utilised for human consumption and is marketed fresh and dried salted , although this has not yielded any observed or suspected population declines . there are no known major threats to this species , and there are there are numerous marine protected areas that intersect with its range . therefore , it is listed as least concern .
this species is broadly distributed in the western indian ocean , from south africa and madagascar , including the seychelles , to the persian gulf , east to the indo - malayan region , south to queensland and new south whales , australia , and north to japan ( where rare ) ( smith - vaniz 1984 , randall 1995 ) . this species is also known from mauritius and the seychelles ( accessed through the fishnet2 portal , www . fishnet2 . org , 2015 - 03 - 09 ) . the depth range 20 to 140 m ( randall 1995 ) .
australia ; bahrain ; brunei darussalam ; cambodia ; china ; disputed territory ( paracel is . , spratly is . ) ; djibouti ; french southern territories ( mozambique channel is . ) ; india ( andaman is . , nicobar is . ) ; indonesia ; iran , islamic republic of ; iraq ; japan ; kenya ; korea , republic of ; kuwait ; madagascar ; malaysia ; mauritius ; mozambique ; myanmar ; oman ; pakistan ; papua new guinea ; philippines ; qatar ; réunion ; saudi arabia ; seychelles ; singapore ; somalia ; south africa ; sri lanka ; taiwan , province of china ; tanzania , united republic of ; thailand ; timor - leste ; united arab emirates ; viet nam ; yemen
this species occurs over coral and rocky reefs over the continental shelf while juveniles are mainly found in shallow sandy bays . it is moderately tolerant of turbid waters . this species diet consists of crustaceans , small squids and fishes ( smith - vaniz 1984 ) . the maximum recorded total length ( tl ) is 60 cm ( randall et al . 1990 ) .
this species is collected mainly by hook - and - line , but also gillnets , and traps and is marketed fresh and dried salted ( smith - vaniz 1984 ) . this species is also taken as part of trawl fishery by - catch in some portions of its range ( hosseini et al . 2012 ) .
although this species is taken by hook - and - line , small traps and gill nets , there have been no observed or suspected population declines as a result . there are no other known major threats to this species .
there are no known species - specific conservation measures for this species ; however , its range overlaps with a number of marine protected areas ( iucn and unep 2014 ) .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
smith - vaniz , w . f . & williams , i . 2016 .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t20429800a115374938 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
yearsley , g . k . , last , p . r . & morris , g . b . 1997 ,
codes for australian aquatic biota ( caab ) : an upgraded and expanded species coding system for australian fisheries databases
, pp . 15 pp . + appendices
mcculloch , a . r . 1929 ,
a check - list of the fishes recorded from australia . part ii
, memoirs of the australian museum , vol . 5 , pp . 145–329
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 0d59de4d - a4b0 - 4155 - 8178 - d5ad5da526f0
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 8cb46649 - b401 - 4e85 - 98cc - bc5b7263200d
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 421615
explore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .
find out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .
did you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .
the atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .
< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
help pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .
you are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .
< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the ‘basket’ to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =
/ help / sequence - searches
> more . . < / a > < / p >
we ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe’s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .
since its inception in the year 1997 , poonam ice & cold storage is witnessing growth and progress at an accelerated pace . the unit is situated on a coastal area surrounded by the arabian sea . under the efficient supervision of the management team , comprising of mrs . jaya . p . lodhari ( proprietor ) , mr . premji . k . lodhari ( p . a . holder / md ) , mr . nayan . p . lodhari ( marketing manager ) , the company has reached new horizons of success . moreover , the management and staff of poonam ice & cold storage stick to their commitment to the customers of providing the safest quality good seafood available in indian waters .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
companies by fish | seafood species - companies listed by the fish or seafood product that they deal in . fish & seafood products listed by common name .
seafood producers - seafood & fish producers , companies that produce and manufacture seafood products , fishing boat & fleet owners .
bait suppliers - companies who supply fishing bait products to commercial fishermen and wholesale suppliers of bait product to tackle stores .
wholesale seafood - wholesale fish suppliers and seafood distributors , local suppliers or in country suppliers .
retail seafood suppliers - companies who supply fish and seafood products to retail seafood outlets .
seafood restaurants - companies who specialise in supplying seafood and fish products to restaurants , hotels and catering establishments .
companies who provide services to commercial fishing and seafood industries directory : aquaculture , business , training , marketing consultants , fish processing services , biosecurity , environment , marine engineers & repairs , customs services , legal , finance , crewing agencies , insurance , testing services , ship provisioning , news & publications . . .
suppliers of other products to the commercial fishing & seafood industry : ice machines , refrigeration , fish & seafood processing equipment , packaging supplies , cleaning , fish feed , fishing tackle , marine engines parts & spares , repairs , fuel , other food products . . .
, leather jacket fish , crabs , cod fish and many other varieties of fresh water fishes and seafood . we ensure and supply quality and hygienic frozen seafood adhering to the standards and tested under supervision of highly experienced q c staffs .
keshodwala foods india - processors , exporters , wholesalers of silver pomfret , cuttlefish , squid , octopus , shrimps , lobster , crab , ribbon fish , reef cod , kingfish , sea bream , emperor , mackerel , tuna , snapper . . .
at licious , we’re big meat - lovers . and by big , we mean huge . so when it comes to the meat we put on your plate , we’re extremely picky . every single product is handpicked by a team with years of experience .
for meat to stay fresh and retain its natural juices , it needs to be stored at a temperature between 0° and 5° . we maintain this temperature from the time we procure the product to cleaning , cutting and storing it , until it leaves for delivery . and even when it’s out for delivery , we keep it chilled right up to your doorstep . did we mention that we’re obsessed ?
doesn’t everyone do this ? not really . most other places first weigh the meat , then cut up the pieces , and throw out the parts which aren’t fit to eat , such as offal , gizzard , wingtips , etc . but you still pay based on the original weight even though what you finally get is 10 % to 30 % less
licious is your one - stop fresh meat delivery shop . in here , you get nothing but the freshest meat & seafood , delivered straight to your doorstep . now you can buy meat online anytime at your convenience . indulge in our diverse selection : chicken , lamb , seafood ( fish , prawns , crabs ) , marinades & cold cuts . all our products are 100 % halal and completely natural and healthy . once you ' ve experienced licious , you ' ll never go back to the old way of buying meat and seafood .
live murrel fish ( viraal meen ) , mussels , seer fish , mahi mahi , original sea bass , travelly ( paarai ) , black / white pomfret , indian salmon , cobia ( nei - meen ) , red snapper , grouper fish , anchovy ( nethili ) , lady fish ( kelangan ) , japanese thread fin ( sankara ) , sea cat fish ( keluthi ) , shark , yellow fin tuna , halibut , rohu , pearl spot , tilapia , indian basa , white squid , jumbo prawns and much more available . add our whatsapp number 9171072896 in your phone to receive regular updates / recipes . call before 3 . 00 pm for today delivery .
all you have to do is refer supreme seafood by way of sharing our website links or social media posts like facebook , twitter , pinterest , you tube , g + to your friends or relatives . when they order for the first time and refer your name and phone number as in our records , we will deduct rs . 100 on your next order and deduct rs . 100 for your friend ' s / relative ' s first order .
which at that time was a common genus for placing carangid fishes . the origin of the
, the species was transferred there , where it has remained . there is some confusion over a species described by
despite this , the name remains valid amongst some authorities . a second , later independent description of the fish by
consists of 2 anteriorly detached spines followed by 1 spine and 15 to 17 soft rays .
the pattern of breast scales is variable , ranging from fully scaled to naked ventrally . the species has moderately well developed
and individually throughout its habitat , with juveniles more commonly found in shoals . they appear to be
and higher in the water column . prey items include a variety of fish ,
and can be taken by fish or squid baits as well as various patterns of lure and fly .
when taken from the water , the fish often ' grunt ' in similar manner to a young pig .
smith , j . l . b . ( 1968 ) .
studies in carangid fishes no . 4 . the identity of
smith - vaniz , w . ( 1986 ) .
family no . 210 : carangidae
. in smith & heemstra .
new , rare or little known scombrids . no . ii . carangidae
smith - vaniz , w . ( 1999 ) .
carangidae
. in carpenter , k . e . ; niem , v . h .
the living marine resources of the western central pacific vol 4 . bony fishes part 2 ( mugilidae to carangidae )
. fao species identification guide for fishery purposes . rome : fao . pp .
khalaf , m . a . ; krupp , f . ( 2003 ) .
two new records of fishes from the red sea
.
, from kagoshima : the first records from japan and northernmost records for the species
.
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 6 / 13 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
the species was first scientifically described by the dutch ichthyologist pieter bleeker in 1852 based on the holotype specimen taken from western sumatra in indonesia . bleeker named this new species carangoides talamparoides , with the specific epithet having a slightly ambiguous meaning . talam is a length measurement spanning the length of the thumb to little finger , par is greek for ' equal ' and oides translates to ' like ' - possibly indicating the small size of the holotype . bleeker ' s classification is still considered to be correct to this day , with some authors incorrectly reassigning the species to caranx , and only one junior synonym has been applied ; carangoides gibber by henry weed fowler .
the species was first scientifically described by the australian zoologists haynes gibbs alleyne and william john macleay in 1877 based on a specimen collected from hall sound off papua new guinea , which was designated to be the holotype . [ 2 ] they named the species caranx papuensis , with the specific epithet taking its name from papua new guinea where the holotype was taken . [ 3 ] they referred the species to the genus caranx , where it has remained . the species was independently redescribed twice ; the first by samuel garman , who applied the name caranx regularis and then by j . l . b . smith with the name caranx celetus . [ 4 ] the species was apparently widely confused with the now dubious caranx sansun , [ 5 ] a move which resulted in smith trying to resolve the taxon by renaming the species that had been identified as c . sansun , [ 6 ] which led to several now defunct junior synonyms .
hosese , d . f . ; bray , d . j . ; paxton , j . r . ; alen , g . r . ( 2007 ) . zoological catalogue of australia vol . 35 ( 2 ) fishes . sydney : csiro . p . 1150 . isbn 978 - 0 - 643 - 09334 - 8 .
alleyne , haynes g . ; william j . macleay ( 1877 ) .
the ichthyology of the chevert expedition
. proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales . 1 ( 3–4 ) : 261–281 . issn 0370 - 047x .
froese , rainer and pauly , daniel , eds . ( 2009 ) .
caranx papuensis
in fishbase . april 2009 version .
fricke , r . ( 1999 ) . fishes of the mascarene islands ( réunion , mauritius , rodriguez ) : an annotated checklist , with descriptions of new species . koeltz scientific books . p . 759 . isbn 978 - 3 - 87429 - 411 - 9 .
smith , j . l . b . ( 1968 ) .
studies in carangid fishes no . 4 . the identity of scomber sansun forsskal , 1775
. occasional papers of the department of ichthyology , rhodes university . 15 : 173–184 . issn 0075 - 207x .
lin , pai - lei ; shao , kwang - tsao ( 1999 ) .
a review of the carangid fishes ( family carangidae ) from taiwan with descriptions of four new records
. zoological studies . 38 ( 1 ) : 33–68 .
. fao species identification guide for fishery purposes . rome : fao . pp . 2659–2757 .
randall , john ernest ; roger c . steene ; gerald r . allen ( 1997 ) . fishes of the great barrier reef and coral sea . university of hawaii press . p . 161 . isbn 0 - 8248 - 1895 - 4 .
hutchins , b . ; swainston , r . ( 1986 ) . sea fishes of southern australia : complete field guide for anglers and divers . melbourne : swainston publishing . p . 187 . isbn 1 - 86252 - 661 - 3 .
van der elst , rudy ; peter borchert ( 1994 ) . a guide to the common sea fishes of southern africa . new holland publishers . p . 142 . isbn 1 - 86825 - 394 - 5 .
laroche , j . ; e . baran ; rsoandrasana , n . b . ( 1997 ) .
temporal patterns in a fish assemblage of a semiarid mangrove zone in madagascar
. journal of fish biology . 51 ( 1 ) : 3–20 . doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1095 - 8649 . 1997 . tb02509 . x . pmid 9236084 .
blaber , s . j . m . ; cyrus , d . p . ( 1983 ) .
the biology of carangidae ( teleostei ) in natal estuaries
. journal of fish biology . 22 ( 2 ) : 173–188 . doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1095 - 8649 . 1983 . tb04738 . x .
kuo , s . r . ; h . j . lin ; k . t . shao ( 1999 ) .
fish assemblages in the mangrove creeks of northern and southern taiwan
. estuaries . coastal and estuarine research federation . 22 ( 4 ) : 1004–1015 . doi : 10 . 2307 / 1353079 . issn 0160 - 8347 . jstor 1353079 .
justine j - l , rahmouni c , gey d , schoelinck c , hoberg ep ( 2013 ) .
hansford - steele , b . ( 2004 ) . african fly - fishing handbook . struik . p . 472 . isbn 978 - 1 - 86872 - 882 - 4 .
. department of fisheries , perth , western australia . no . 153 : 1–64 . archived from
this page is based on a wikipedia article written by authors ( here ) . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 license ; additional terms may apply . images , videos and audio are available under their respective licenses .
gold - barred jack , golden horsmackerel , golden jack , golden king , golden kingfish .
environment agency - abu dhabi is a principal sponsor of arkive . ead is working to protect and conserve the environment as well as promoting sustainable development in the emirate of abu dhabi .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
grandcourt , e . m . , al abdessalaam , t . z . , francis , f . and al shamsi , a . ( 2004 ) population biology and assessment of representatives of the family carangidae carangoides bajad and gnathanodon speciosus ( forssk°al , 1775 ) , in the southern arabian gulf . fisheries research , 69 : 331–341
van der elst , r . ( 1993 ) a guide to the common sea fishes of southern africa . struik publishers , cape town , south africa .
randall , j . e . ( 1995 ) coastal fishes of oman . crawford house publishing pty ltd , bathurst , australia .
king , d . and fraser , v . ( 2001 ) more reef fishes and nudibranchs : east and south coast of southern africa . struik publishers , cape town , south africa .
grove , j . s . and lavenberg , r . j . ( 1997 ) the fishes of the galápagos islands . stanford university press , stanford , california .
randall , j . e . , allen , g . r . and steene , r . c . ( 1997 ) fishes of the great barrier reef and coral sea ( revised edition ) . crawford house publishing pty ltd , bathurst , australia .
terms of use - the displayed portlet may be used as a link from your website to arkive ' s online content for private , scientific , conservation or educational purposes only . it may not be used within apps .
myarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members , allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with friends .
team wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planet’s species and habitats from destruction .
this species is featured in jewels of the uae , which showcases biodiversity found in the united arab emirates in association with the environment agency – abu dhabi .
wildscreen is a registered charity in england and wales no . 299450 wildscreen usa is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit organisation in the usa
please fill up the details and send an enquiry to buy / import / export this product to your country with your specification .
carangidae is a family of fish which includes the jacks , pompanos , jack mackerels , runners , and scads . they are marine fishes found in the atlantic , indian and pacific oceans . most species are fast - swimming predatory fishes that hunt in the waters above reefs and in the open sea ; some dig in the sea floor for invertebrates .
payment terms preferable are tt ( tele - transfer of 30 % advance ) or lc ( letter of credit 45 days ) . however , we can adapt to your requirements .


mimudea mendicalis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by south in 1901 .

it is found in china .

the wingspan is about 28 mm .

the forewings are ochreous brown with a dot in the cell and an annulus at the end of the cell , both blackish .

the postmedial line is also blackish , slightly dentate , curved round the end of the cell and terminating about the middle of the inner margin .

the hindwings are whitish tinged with ochreous on the outer area and the postmedial line is blackish , interrupted towards vein 2 and not continued to the abdominal margin .

mimudea mendicalis

this is the place for mendicalis definition . you find here mendicalis meaning , synonyms of mendicalis and images for mendicalis copyright 2017 © urltoken
mimudea är ett släkte av fjärilar . mimudea ingår i familjen crambidae . mimudea ablactalis
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word mendicalis . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word mendicalis and , of course , mendicalis synonyms and on the right images related to the word mendicalis .
vad betyder mimudea ? här finner du 2 definitioner av mimudea . du kan även lägga till betydelsen av mimudea själv
have a fact about mimudea aenealis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a definition for mimudea aenealis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a fact about mimudea obvialis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a definition for mimudea obvialis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a fact about mimudea albiflua ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a definition for mimudea albiflua ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
1 . mimu 2 . mimudea albiflua 3 . mimudea obvialis 4 . mimudea punctiferalis 5 . mimulate 6 . mimulopsis 7 . mimulopsis arborescens 8 . mimulus 9 . mimulus ' puck 10 . mimulus alatus 11 . mimulus alsiloides 12 . mimulus alsinoides 13 . mimulus aurantiacus 14 . mimulus bartonianus 15 . mimulus bicolor 16 . mimulus bigelovii 17 . mimulus cardinalis 18 . mimulus clevelandii 19 . mimulus congdonii 20 . mimulus cupreus 21 . mimulus cusickii 22 . mimulus douglasii 23 . mimulus gemmiparus 24 . mimulus glutinosus 25 . mimulus glutinosus var . puniceus
cookies on findmypast : we use our own and third - party cookies to improve your experience , for advertising purposes , and to understand how people use our website .
from early 2016 , you can explore mocavo ' s extensive collections of records , periodicals and publications right here on findmypast , one of the world ' s leading family history websites .
founded in 2011 as a family history search engine , mocavo established itself very quickly as one to watch in the world of genealogy . in june 2011 , just three months after launch , family tree magazine named mocavo as one of the best 101 genealogy websites of the year . this growth continued , as mocavo launched a free yearbook collection and worked with users to publish hundreds of new records and archives every day . now , by absorbing mocavo , findmypast has created a single experience for our us customers in a move that aims to deliver a more focused , efficient and comprehensive service to us family historians .
findmypast is one of the world ' s leading family history websites , and an essential genealogical research tool for anyone with british or irish ancestry . our collection of irish records is second to none , with over 110 million records helping those with irish heritage trace their family history back through the centuries . we have the largest online collection of uk parish records , us marriage records 1670 - 2010 and one of the most comprehensive online collections of military records . in addition , our british and irish newspapers span three centuries and over 13 million pages . click the image to start building your family tree and see how our hints function can help you .
findmypast have created a single experience for our us customers in a move that aims to deliver a more focused , efficient and comprehensive service to us family historians .
we launched back in march 2011 when , only three months old , family tree magazine named us as one of the best 101 genealogy websites of 2011 . in 2012 we released the free yearbook collection and since then we’ve continue to publish hundreds of records and archives every day . we ' d like to thank you , our customer , for being there with us as we’ve continued to grow .
we are now in the process of moving all mocavo site content to findmypast so you’ll soon be able to enjoy everything currently available on mocavo and more . as part of our ‘free forever’ promise , mocavo subscribers will continue to enjoy free access to all of the same records that were previously published for free on mocavo . we will be transferring your account over to findmypast soon so stay tuned for updates .
you don’t need to do anything just now . we ' re hard at work bringing the two sites together and we ' ll be in touch with specific information about your account once the migration has taken place , with some how - to guides that will help make the most of the new experience .
existing gold / silver mocavo subscribers : your existing subscription will be migrated to fmp and when this expires , you will be given an additional 90 days to enjoy findmypast . you can be assured that your payments will remain unchanged for your current subscription . if you hold a findmypast subscription too , we will make the necessary adjustments to your two accounts .
non - subscribers ( basic ) : we will either merge your account with your findmypast profile , or create a new one if you ' re not currently registered with findmypast . if you have a findmypast subscription , this will continue without any disruption . we will also be giving you 30 days free access to findmypast .
you’ll still benefit from the same great content you’ve been enjoying on mocavo and this will all be available on findmypast soon . in addition , you’ll be able to take advantage of hundreds of millions of new and exclusive us records to further enhance the experience for us family historians .
findmypast has more british and irish records than anyone else and is adding new records from the us and other locales every single week , so you’ll be able to take advantage of these to help your family history search . you’ll be able to explore nearly 8 billion names now and hundreds of millions of new names coming this year alone .
you can easily import your family tree and we’ll start to hint against names that we find in the archives to help you discover more about your family and even find relatives you never knew existed .
if you have exported your family tree ( gedcom file ) from mocavo , then you can import it to findmypast and continue building once we have completed the migration . if you have not exported your tree , than please be patient as we will email it to you soon so you can add it to your findmypast account .
your email address will remain the same . for your security , you will need to reset your password by clicking
we are in the process of migrating all accounts from mocavo to findmypast , and then adding the appropriate subscriptions to your account . we estimate this process will be complete by march 31 , 2016 , at which point your subscription should match that which you previously had with mocavo . in addition to this for the inconvenience we will be extending your mocavo subscription by 90 days to welcome you to findmypast .
mocavo content will be transferred over the coming weeks and added to our already comprehensive data sets on findmypast .
your renewal will take place at standard findmypast rates at the time of renewal .
if you prefer not to continue your subscription , you can opt out of auto renewal after the migration has occurred , and no further payments will be taken ; your access will remain live until your pre - existing renewal date .
once we have migrated all of the data from mocavo to findmypast , the data which was previously freely available , will remain so for the foreseeable future .
currently the home to billions of names , including the largest collections of irish records and british parish records , military records and the british newspaper archive , not to mention the 1939 register . it currently has a plethora of us records and will soon be home to all the mocavo records once the two sites come together .
we will be migrating mocavo customers ' family trees to findmypast soon . once this is done , you can continue to build your family tree on findmypast for free . as you build your tree , hints will start to sift through millions of records to help you fill in the gaps - they can also help you discover new relatives ! if you don ' t have a family tree with mocavo , you ' ll be able to create one for free once we ' ve migrated your account .
not sure where to start with your family history research ? our getting started guides can help you to hit the ground running .
if you ' re already a mocavo user , you might be wondering what this move means for you .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
note : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments
* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
there are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
html public
i / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more
sign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .
have a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .
simply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en
26 . mimulus glutinosus var puniceus 27 . mimulus guttatus 28 . mimulus hybridus 29 . mimulus laciniatus 30 . mimulus langsdorfii 31 . mimulus leptaleus 32 . mimulus lewisii 33 . mimulus longiflorus 34 . mimulus luteus 35 . mimulus moschatus 36 . mimulus nanus 37 . mimulus nudatus 38 . mimulus primuloides 39 . mimulus puck 40 . mimulus pulchellus 41 . mimulus pulsiferae 42 . mimulus puniceus 43 . mimulus pygmaeus 44 . mimulus ringens 45 . mimulus rubellus 46 . mimulus rupicola 47 . mimulus tilingii 48 . mimulus x hybridus calypso hybrids 49 . mimuluses 50 . mimune


emeraldella is a genus of arthropod known from the middle cambrian burgess shale .

21 specimens of emeraldella are known from the greater phyllopod bed , where they comprise < 0.1 % of the community .

emeraldella

other deposits : emeraldella sp ? from the marjum formation , house range , utah , usa .
emeraldella brocki is very rare in the walcott quarry ( less than 0 . 01 % of the community , caron and jackson , 2008 ) .
emeraldella is a rare arthropod of relatively large body size that belongs with the trilobite - like arthropods , artiopoda . e . brutoni n . sp . from the wheeler formation of west - central utah is the second species described and marks the first confirmed occurrence of emeraldella outside the burgess shale of british columbia . an articulated , flagelliform telson , similar to that of the burgess shale taxon molaria , is recognized in emeraldella . evidence for the presence of lamellae on the exopods of molaria is presented , supporting affinity of that taxon with artiopoda . a close relationship between emeraldella and molaria is tentatively suggested , based on the morphology of tergites and telson .
emeraldella brocki was first described by walcott ( 1912 ) . bruton and whittington ( 1983 ) restudied the material in detail , clarifying many aspects of the animal’s morphology . one possible specimen of emeraldella has also been described from the marjum formation in utah ( briggs and robison , 1984 ) . further work examining the phylogenetic placement of emeraldella and the arachnomorphs has been conducted by hou and bergström ( 1997 ) , wills et al . ( 1998 ) , edgecombe and ramsköld ( 1999 ) , budd ( 2002 ) , cotton and braddy ( 2004 ) , scholtz and edgecombe ( 2006 ) and hendricks and lieberman ( 2008 ) .
emeraldella – from emerald lake , peak , pass , river and glacier north of burgess pass , british columbia , canada . emerald lake was named by guide tom wilson in 1882 for the remarkable deep green colour of the water .
bruton , d . l . and h . b . whittington . 1983 . emeraldella and leanchoilia , two arthropods from the burgess shale , middle cambrian , british columbia . philosophical transactions of the royal society of london b , 300 : 553 - 582 .
emeraldella bella is a problematic animal that also occurs in the burgess shale that is usually considered a primitive soft - bodied arthropod of uncertain class . research has also suggested that the animal belongs to a clade related to chelicerata that includes the spiders and scorpions ( araneida ) , horseshoe crabs ( xiphosura ) and the extinct sea scorpions ( eurypterida ) . this specimen is exceptional and rare in the marjum formation of utah and is shown here with both part and counterpart . emeraldella also has some similarities to parapaleomerus sinensis from the chengjiang biota .
description : this unusual specimen has trilobitomorph features , and has as yet not been described in the literature . it is thought to have affinities with the burgess shale genus emeraldella . notice that the pointed telson is present , a feature not always preserved with either the trilobitomorphs or the aglaspidids of the region . notice too the strong segmentation evident in this part / counterpart example .
emeraldella is of uncertain phylogenetic affinity due to the paucity of specimens . it was previously placed in the arachnomorphs , as closely allied either with the chelicerates ( wills et al . 1998 ; cotton and braddy , 2004 ; hendricks and lieberman , 2008 ) or the trilobites and lamellipedians ( hou and bergström , 1997 ; edgecombe and ramsköld , 1999 ; scholtz and edgecombe , 2006 ) , but it has also been considered as a stem - lineage euarthropod ( budd , 2002 ) .
the trunk of emeraldella has eleven broad segments with curved , smooth margins . each segment has a pair of biramous limbs similar to the ones of the head . behind the trunk segments are two cylindrical body tergites and a long , tapering posterior spine . a dark band running the length of the trunk and into the base of the posterior spine may be the alimentary canal . in the head region , the alimentary canal is u - shaped as it leads forward and upwards from the backward - facing mouth .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
brocki – for reginald walter brock , director of the geological survey of canada from 1907 to 1914 .
lectotype – usnm 57702 in the national museum of natural history , smithsonian institution , washington , dc , usa .
middle cambrian , bathyuriscus - elrathina zone ( approximately 505 million years ago ) .
the body consists of a semicircular head shield , segmented trunk and elongated posterior spine , with total body length ( excluding spine and antennae ) ranging between 1 . 1 cm and 6 . 5 cm . with antennae and spine the entire animal would have reached up to 15 cm in length . the body is convex in cross - section and tapers along the posterior half of the trunk . the head shield is smooth , with no evidence of eyes . a pair of long , flexible antennae consisting of over 110 short segments with bristled junctions is attached to the ventral surface at the front of the head . the mouth is ventral and faces backwards . behind the antennae are five pairs of biramous limbs with a segmented inner branch and a lobed outer branch . the inner branch has six podomeres , including the gnathobase ( a robust and spiny basal podomere or segment used for crushing food items ) , four adjacent podomeres that also bear spines , and a slender terminal podomere armed with three sharp claws . the outer branch of the biramous limb is broad and has three main lobes with filaments and blades .
the inner branches of the biramous limbs were likely used for walking on the sea floor , especially the middle eight or nine limbs , which were longer than the posterior limbs . spines on the inner margin of the walking limbs could have been used to grasp soft prey items , and the terminal claws would push food towards the ventral gnathobases . these strong spiny plates would then shred the food and pass it along the underside of the body towards the mouth . the antennae were used to explore the environment and search for live prey or carcasses , perhaps by ploughing through the soft sediment . while the head was tilted down in the search for food , the posterior segments of the body and the posterior spine may have flexed upwards for balance . the outer limb lobes likely served as gills for respiration . the animal might have been capable of short bursts of swimming , using its broad outer limb branches to propel itself through the water using a wave - like motion .
briggs , d . e . g . and r . a . robison . 1984 . exceptionally preserved non - trilobite arthropods and anomalocaris from the middle cambrian of utah . the university of kansas paleontological contributions , 111 : 1 - 24 .
budd , g . e . 2002 . a palaeontological solution to the arthropod head problem . nature , 417 : 271 - 275 .
caron , j . - b . and d . a . jackson . 2008 . paleoecology of the greater phyllopod bed community , burgess shale . palaeogeography , palaeoclimatology , palaeoecology , 258 : 222 - 256 .
cotton , t . j . and s . j . braddy . 2004 . the phylogeny of arachnomorph arthropods and the origin of the chelicerata . transactions of the royal society of edinburgh - earth sciences , 94 : 169 - 193 .
edgecombe , g . d . and l . ramsköld . 1999 . relationships of cambrian arachnata and the systematic position of trilobita . journal of paleontology , 73 : 263 - 287 .
hendricks , j . r . and b . s . lieberman . 2008 . phylogenetic insights into the cambrian radiation of arachnomorph arthropods . journal of paleontology , 82 : 585 - 594 .
hou , x . and j . bergström . 1997 . arthropods of the lower cambrian chengjiang fauna , southwest china . fossils and strata , 45 : 1 - 116 .
scholtz , g . and g . d . edgecombe . 2006 . the evolution of arthropod heads : reconciling morphological , developmental and palaeontological evidence . development genes and evolution , 216 : 395 - 415 .
walcott , c . d . 1912 . middle cambrian branchiopoda , malacostraca , trilobita and merostomata . smithsonian miscellaneous collections , 57 : 145 - 228 .
wills , m . a . , d . e . g . briggs , r . a . fortey , m . wilkinson , and p . h . sneath . 1998 . an arthropod phylogeny based on fossil and recent taxa . pp . 33 - 105 . in g . d . edgecombe ( ed . ) , arthropod fossils and phylogeny . columbia university press , new york .
hou & bergström , 1997 : arthropods of the lower cambrian chengjiang fauna , southwest china . - - fossils & strata , number 45 , 22nd december 1997 , pp . 1 - 116 briggs d . e . g . , and r . a . robison . 1984 . exceptionally preserved non trilobite arthropods and anomalocaris from the middle cambrian of utah . university of kansas paleontological contributions , paper 111 : 1 - 24 .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
javascript is disabled for your browser . some features of this site may not work without it .
items in ku scholarworks are protected by copyright , with all rights reserved , unless otherwise indicated .
we want to hear from you ! please share your stories about how open access to this item benefits you .
the university of kansas prohibits discrimination on the basis of race , color , ethnicity , religion , sex , national origin , age , ancestry , disability , status as a veteran , sexual orientation , marital status , parental status , gender identity , gender expression and genetic information in the university’s programs and activities . the following person has been designated to handle inquiries regarding the non - discrimination policies : director of the office of institutional opportunity and access , ioa @ urltoken , 1246 w . campus road , room 153a , lawrence , ks , 66045 , ( 785 ) 864 - 6414 , 711 tty .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
javascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .
parent taxon : arachnomorpha according to d . e . g . briggs et al . 2008
department of earth sciences , university of cambridge , sedgwick museum , downing street , cambridge cb2 3eq , u . k .
this text was harvested from a scanned image of the original document using optical character recognition ( ocr ) software . as such , it may contain errors . please contact the royal society if you find an error you would like to see corrected . mathematical notations produced through infty ocr .
you may be able to gain access using your login credentials for your institution . contact your library if you do not have a username and password .
pay per article - you may access this article or this issue ( from the computer you are currently using ) for 30 days .
regain access - you can regain access to a recent pay per article or pay per issue purchase if your access period has not yet expired .
thank you for your interest in spreading the word on philosophical transactions of the royal society b : biological sciences .
note : we only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it , and that it is not junk mail . we do not capture any email address .
message body ( your name ) thought you would like to see the philosophical transactions of the royal society b : biological sciences web site .
full - text available from the year 2000 to 2010 . abstracts only from 1940 to 1999 . georef records only prior to that .
this site uses cookies . by continuing to use our website , you are agreeing to our privacy policy .