al ferof ( 30 march 2005 ) is a retired french-bred british-based national hunt horse owned by john hales .

he was initially trained by barry murphy in wexford for martin timothy murphy .

he was then trained by paul nicholls and won the 2011 supreme novices ’ hurdle at the cheltenham festival before progressing to chasing the following season , where he won several top races including the paddy power gold cup .

he moved to the stable of dan skelton in 2015 and won the peterborough chase for his new trainer .

al ferof was retired from racing in october 2016 .

al ferof

this year , cue card , al ferof , menorah , grands crus , al ferof , and flemenstar could all be targeted at this middle distance .
al ferof has been ruled out for the next few months , trainer paul nicholls has confirmed .
at the recent entry stage along with al ferof , hinterland and dodging bullets - and vibrato .
nicholls can continue his king george vi chase domination when he sends out al ferof on boxing day .
al ferof clears the ditch at huntingdon on his way to winning the peterborough chase . photograph : urltoken
paul nicholls can continue his king george vi chase domination when he sends out al ferof on boxing day .
faugheen , the new one , al ferof and siliviniaco conti did their cheltenham credentials no harm on saturday .
anyway , everyone – including ferdy – has been delighted to see how al ferof has showcased what we do here .
“today was a sad day as the popular yard star al ferof has been retired , ” skelton’s facebook page reported .
paul nicholls said of al ferof : ' daryl ( jacob ) said he travelled very well but ran out of stamina .
in all , al ferof won 11 of his 28 starts , amassing over £510 , 000 in win and place prize money .
hales’s daughter lisa will look after al ferof while he recovers and then a decision about his long - term future will be made .
the first race at newbury went ahead following the incident with harry skelton riding al ferof to victory . photograph : alan crowhurst / getty images
silviniaco conti goes into this year’s race as favourite , up against champagne fever , al ferof and menorah . for full entries see below .
al ferof could make his eagerly - awaited return to action after injury in the king george vi chase at kempton park on boxing day .
but this is all about unfulfilled potential and having only his 12th start over fences , i fancy al ferof to come of age at kempton .
i should expect both cue card and al ferof to benefit from the step up in trip - and grands crus from dropping back in distance .
in the grade 1 arkle novice chase , the talented al ferof and cue card took on the sprinter . but the pace told on al ferof who made a dreadful blunder and it was left to cue card to chase sprinter sacre home , a respectable 7 lengths the margin in march 2012 .
al ferof is to get an entry in the timico cheltenham gold cup after his valiant effort in defeat in the king george vi chase at kempton .
al ferof had been fifth favourite for the queen mother champion chase at cheltenham , and had the ryanair chase at the meeting as a potential alternative .
al ferof could make his eagerly - awaited return to action after injury in the king george vi chase at kempton park on boxing day . read more
al ferof is quoted for all three festival races , but is shortest for the champion chase – shorter , incomprehensibly , than champagne fever , who has far more basic pace and still might not be quick enough for this task . al ferof is covered more fully in the ryanair and gold cup sections .
then there were three picks from racing post ' s pricewise judge , tom segal , as follows : al ferof , jessies dream and the real article .
while champagne fever ’s gold cup ambitions are dead , al ferof ’s rest on what risks becoming an annual wrangle between nicholls and owner , john hales .
i thought al ferof’s jumping got sloppy when the pace increased and when you consider peddler’s will go flying off , the grey will need to brush his jumping off . peddlers and al ferof have the best hurdles ratings and i agree , an antepost bet on both of those will see you in a good position .
he compared dodging bullets favourably with his previous supreme winners al ferof and noland , while ptit zig is one of a few in the running for the fred winter .
ruby walsh on al ferof , left , clears the last fence before striding on to win the paddy power gold cup at cheltenham . photograph : alan crowhurst / getty images
all horses who competed in the first race were inspected by veterinary officers at the start . al ferof , ridden by harry skelton , came home a very easy winner .
freshened up and a year stronger , al ferof made a triumphant return to cheltenham in november 2012 , winning the paddy power gold cup by 3 lengths from walk on off top weight . all roads appeared to lead to a crack at the king george vi chase , but paul nicholls suffered a blow when al ferof injured a tendon and missed a year .
al ferof’s first trip to the track for skelton could not have gone much better , as he came home clear in the peterborough chase at huntingdon , after nicholls’s ptit zig was a faller at the last . the gelding’s new trainer was generous in his praise for nicholls afterwards , stressing that his former boss had been involved in the decision to move al ferof .
opting for the oldest horse in the race mightn’t be an obvious ‘play’ with other irish hopes like smashing and gilgamboa involved but there is still plenty to like about al ferof’s chance .
skelton was preparing al ferof for a probably swan song in this year’s peterborough chase , but that plan was abandoned after the 11 - year - old sustained an injury on wednesday .
slviniaco conti ( 3 . 10 ) has repeatedly beaten his rivals . in last year’s king george he had cue card in second place , al ferof third and dynaste back in fifth .
for now ladbrokes offer sprinter sacre at 5 - 2 , with peddlers cross 6 - 1 – his trainer being adamant he was not himself at kempton – and al ferof 7 - 1 .
village vic is progressive but needs to find more , al ferof is dependable but vulnerable to an improver , and josses hill talented but not a duck - to - water jumper of fences .
no , it was the king george that unexpectedly threw up two potential new contenders in this division : champagne fever and al ferof , respectively fourth and third in the big boxing day chase .
in bizarre circumstances for champion trainer paul nicholls , al ferof , another of his great talents , was also found to have a similar injury during the routine night inspection . al ferof was expected to next step out in the king george vi chase at kempton park on boxing day and he looked to be in sensational form coming off a first - up win in the paddy power gold cup at cheltenham recently .
paul nicholls has high hopes of retaining the king george vi chase trophy at kempton on boxing day with silviniaco conti or al ferof , while the champion trainer also feels wonderful charm could run well at a big price .
thankfully al ferof survived and just a month later landed surely one of the greatest ever novice hurdles races at cheltenham , when he beat spirit son , sprinter sacre and cue card in the 2011 stan james supreme novices’ hurdle .
after a fine novice hurdle campaign ended with third place behind al ferof in the 2011 supreme novices’ hurdle , sprinter sacre made a tremendous impression on his chasing debut at doncaster in december 2011 , winning by 24 imperious lengths .
al ferof ( winner of the grade 2 amlin chase at ascot ) and the evergreen 13 - year - old sizing europe ( winner of the grade 2 champion chase at punchestown ) were next best with ratings of 165 .
however , it’s not all new equine faces . the yard still houses king george winner silvinico conti and familiar names al ferof , dodging bullets , rocky creek , rolling aces and saphir du rheu to name but a few .
the novice hurdler crown is shared between the paul nicholls and nicky henderson yards . it seemed that al ferof had sealed the accolade for nicholls when his thrilling late surge under ruby walsh in the stan james supreme novices’ earned him a rating of 154 . however , this was matched by spirit son , beaten two lengths into second by al ferof at cheltenham , when he routed the field by twelve lengths in the john smith’s mersey novices’ hurdle at aintree .
winner of the supreme hurdle all of five years ago , the ryanair actually appears a perfect fit in terms of trip and ground for al ferof who has bounced back to something like his best after transferring to dan skelton’s yard .
al ferof and silviniaco conti have big boots to fill but they are going the right way . the horses are in great form and every weekend there seems to be a big winner . it makes for short weeks !
2 bobs worth , 7 - 2 silviniaco conti , 8 cue card , first lieutenant , 16 al ferof , 20 the giant bolster , 25 boston bob , long run , lord windermere , harry topper ( from 50 ) .
i really , really confused about al ferof now . trainer mentioned champion chase , and owner earlier was adamant about gold cup . regarding the latter , the horse did actually stay on again at the end of the king george .
last year ' s winner silviniaco conti heads the list for paul nicholls at 3 - 1 , with the willie mullins - trained champagne fever next at 4 - 1 sandwiched between another nicholls representative in 8 - 1 hope al ferof .
as the gale blew itself out , however , the champion trainer quietly introduced fresh impetus to a division that seems to contain several of its own whirlwinds . in what was no more than a footnote to his betfair column , nicholls revealed that he intends to run his best novice chaser , al ferof , in open company for his next start . though he has only had two races over fences , al ferof is being targeted at the victor chandler chase at ascot a fortnight on saturday .
al ferof’s class is not in doubt . he won the supreme novice hurdle at cheltenham in 2011 and finished fourth behind the brilliant sprinter sacre in the arkle trophy a year later . he has also finished third behind nicholls’s silviniaco conti in the king george for the last two seasons . but the fact that al ferof raced 21 times for nicholls before joining skelton less than three months ago would add particular significance if the former assistant could unseat his mentor in one of the season’s most prestigious events .
ascot staged the victor chandler chase , a two mile one furlong grade one , as the feature on their card . finian ' s rainbow had been favoured all week , but had to share market leadership with classy novice , al ferof , come post time .
dan skelton , assistant to trainer paul nicholls , who trained the eventual winner al ferof , said it was as if the horses were having a fit . i ' ve seen horses have heart attacks before , but this was different . they seemed petrified .
after a successful reappearance in the charlie hall chase at wetherby , harry topper ' s jumping had deteriorated in two further outings but he simply coped with the ground far better than 5 - 4 favourite al ferof in the denman chase and trampled him by 25 lengths .
bookmaker bet365 quote al ferof at a best - priced 16 / 1 for the 2013 king george vi chase , with his old rival sprinter sacre the 5 / 2 favourite if nicky henderson decides to step up his superstar to the currently untried distance of three miles .
unsurprisingly , al ferof has been cut for that two mile novice event , and i ' d now make him favourite personally . that he is available at 13 / 2 with coral is a pleasant surprise , and i ' ve had some this morning . if you read my arkle 2012 preview , you ' ll know i ' m not a fan of sprinter sacre , and i think being double handed with al ferof ( 13 / 2 ) and peddlers cross ( 5 / 1 ) is a very strong wagering position in the race .
dan skelton , the assistant to trainer paul nicholls , who trained the eventual winner al ferof , said it was as if the horses were having a fit .
i ' ve seen horses have heart attacks before , but this was different . they seemed petrified .
while nicholls advocates al ferof being ridden positively in the champion chase , if those tactics are to be adopted on him then i’d prefer them in the scenario of this race , in which he chased leaders before losing his position and then staying on for fifth last year .
when you sell horses for big money , they have to do well – that ' s the bottom line . after al ferof won a good bumper for me at fairyhouse this time three years ago , let ' s just say he was sold for a sum that reflected his potential .
paul nicholls had a quiet start to the month , but a double at taunton on thursday signalled a return to normal service and al ferof can provide the champion trainer with a fourth successive victory in the 25th anniversary of the victor chandler chase ( 3 . 10 ) at ascot today .
al ferof ran a blinder . i was surprised he was joint favourite , on the basis of two novice wins , and to my eye he should have been at best third or fourth choice on form . ( obviously , he had more improvement capacity than most of his rivals ) .
al ferof ran well at aintree last april when finishing 2 ¾ lengths second of 6 to god’s own in the grade 1 jlt melling chase , but was a well beaten 6 th behind un de sceaux on his final start in the grade 2 prix la barka at auteuil in may .
al ferof’s final victory came in the peterborough chase at huntingdon last december , by which time he had moved to trainer dan skelton’s yard . he later ran third yet again in the king george , but was no match for vautour , when running fourth in the ryanair chase at the cheltenham festival .
al ferof ' s season tailed off last spring , but horses can take a bit of figuring out – even if you are paul nicholls . on saturday , the soft ground was especially key , and horses by his sire dom alco seem best fresh . who knows how far he will go now ?
of the remainder , al ferof would seem to lack the scope and doubtless needs to step up in trip ; and the consistent cue card will always give of his best , but it is hard to see him reversing form with sprinter sacre - and he also may well step up to 20 furlongs .
a horse who has hitherto not seemed to have an optimum trip , somersby battled on well to pass finian ' s rainbow on the run in and score by a length and a quarter . just five lengths back from the winner was al ferof , having only his third start over fences , and coming under pressure before the other two .
paul talks about last season ' s paddy power gold cup winner al ferof who , after missing most of last term through injury , will be aimed this season at the king george before a possible crack at the cheltenham gold cup . exciting second - season chasers rocky creek , rolling aces , and sire collonges are also mentioned amongst others .
through nearly a decade of dominance in national hunt racing , paul nicholls had tried and failed to win the paddy power gold cup , but his string has started the winter campaign in exceptional form and that oversight too has now been rectified after al ferof ' s four - length success in the season ' s first big handicap chase here on saturday .
the king george is a race that nicholls has never struggled to win , thanks mainly to kauto star ' s five victories over the past six seasons , but following the retirement of his stable star a few weeks ago , he has now found two credible candidates for this year ' s renewal in al ferof and silviniaco conti , the charlie hall chase winner .
the o ' doherty ' s audio & video ( pro / am ) flat race was a one horse race if the market was to be believed with willie mullins ' arvika ligeonniere going off at 2 / 5 . however out on the track al ferof , the second favourite totally took over from the quarter mile pole to prevail by all of ten lengths .
al ferof , a former irish point - to - point winner who then showed top - class form in bumpers , failed to win on his first two starts over hurdles but has not looked back since . he signed off last season with three successes over hurdles , culminating with a two - length defeat of spirit son in the supreme novices’ hurdle at cheltenham .
both fenix two and marching song mysteriously fell to the ground and died , with speculation that they may have been electrocuted . some horses had already got to the start but there were reports that other runners had
wobbled
on entering the paddock . the first race was run with al ferof running home the winner , but the stewards then met to review the situation .
there was no point through the final mile when al ferof was not going like the winner . he won the supreme novices hurdle over two miles here 2011 , but had no trouble staying on strongly up the hill over an extra five furlongs and is now the second - favourite , behind long run , for the king george vi chase over three miles at kempton park on boxing day .
spirit son , officially rated 154 , has been beaten once in a career limited to five races . at the 2011 cheltenham festival he was second to al ferof in the supreme novices ' hurdle and the following month he beat cue card by 13 lengths in aintree ' s john smith ' s mersey novices ' hurdle , in which subsequent champion hurdle hero rock on ruby was back in third .
with the start of the 2013 - 14 national hunt season
proper
fast approaching , paul nicholls gives the betfair blog an insight into how his string has progressed through the summer , updates on last season ' s high - profile horses such as big bucks and al ferof , as well as some of the new recruits paul hopes will make their mark over the winter months and beyond .
- weird al has been cut to 12 / 1 ( from 14 / 1 ) by the sponsors for next friday ' s betfred cheltenham gold cup as support continues to come for . . .
nicholls has also entered kauto stone in the victor chandler , but the idea is that kauto star ' s brother will instead step back up in trip for the betfair ascot chase , also at ascot , the following month . nicholls added that sonofvic , who never remotely approached al ferof ' s fluency at cheltenham on new year ' s day , will be returned to hurdles for the rest of the season .
the step up in trip ought to suit al ferof but he is a horse i rarely get right and he will have to have improved to give 2lbs to both grands crus and hunt ball . course specialist quantitativeeasing rarely runs a bad race over this course and distance and , though he looks plenty high enough in the weights , he could be of some interest in the place market for those looking for a bit more value .
the supreme novices’ hurdle is a national hunt hurdle race . the festival opener is usually greeted by the ‘cheltenham roar’ by punters . it’s been going since 1946 and has had numerous sponsors and the current sponsor is sky bet . the leading jockey since 1972 is ruby walsh with 5 wins – douvan ( 2015 ) , vautour ( 2014 ) , champagne fever ( 2013 ) , al ferof ( 2011 ) & noland ( 2006 ) .
ferdy actually looked at al ferof at the brightwells sale after he won his point - to - point . he was interested but felt he was a bit small – which he was at the time – so the horse was led out unsold at £62 , 000 . martin had a reserve of about £70 , 000 on him then , and i ' m sure it ' s a day ferdy regrets not handing a few quid to his brother !
trainer nicky henderson was quick to pull out his runner kid cassidy , but the novice hurdle race went ahead , more than 20 minutes late , and with three of the original 10 runners missing . it was won by paul nicholls ' al ferof . racegoers saw no further racing , and organisers announced later in the day that they would be fully reimbursed . the british horseracing authority is investigating as is the southern electric power distribution and the police .
but the fact remains that al ferof did beat sprinter sacre over hurdles at last year ' s festival , and while the latter was always considered likely to prove better again over hurdles , nicholls plainly holds corresponding views of his own charge . after all , he sent him to cheltenham for his first steeplechase , in the prestigious race sponsored by this newspaper at the november meeting , and thence to a grade one over the notoriously tricky fences at sandown .
long run , who will be saddled by nicky henderson , the man most likely to deprive nicholls of an eighth consecutive trainers ' title , remains favourite for the king george , but nicholls ' s strong run of form has seen him cut to 5 - 4 ( from 6 - 4 ) by coral for the championship , while henderson is 4 - 7 from 1 - 2 .
that was a stunning performance ,
nicholls said of al ferof .
the sun are also of the opinion that long run is up against it this afternoon with weird al the headline selection of templegate ( steve jones ) who points out that donald mccain ' s chaser has never been beaten on his seasonal return .
all that is really missing from skelton’s record at this stage is a grade one success and a winner at cheltenham in march . it can be only a matter of time before he crosses off both and his juvenile hurdler kasakh noir , a likely runner at kempton on sunday , is among the favourites for the triumph hurdle next spring . there could be no better way to announce his arrival among the sport’s biggest players , however , than victory with al ferof in saturday’s king george vi chase .
that effort - conceding seven pounds as well to the winner - marks the runner up down as the one to be on in the ryanair , a race whose extra three furlongs in trip plays strongly in favour of the prince . as with al ferof , connections must have been mightily chuffed with this effort , and he ' s worthy of more than a second glance in the ryanair wagering . currently a best priced 15 / 2 with sportingbet , and that appeals considerably more than the 7 / 1 about somersby in the same contest .
“al ferof is fine . he was doing up to three hours a day on the walker at paul ' s before he came back to us for the summer , ” said hales . “he ' s out in the field now and will head back to ditcheat before paul ' s open day . “his target is the king george and paul nicholls will decide whether or not he has a run before that . “if paul thinks he needs a prep he ' ll have one , but given the way he won the paddy power he ' s very exciting . ”
this £165 , 000 purchase is a gelded son of the high class sire flemensfirth ( progeny include imperial commander , tidal bay and flemenstar ) who formerly easily won a point to point by 8l . the 6 year old was bought from the saunderscourt stud in wexford , the same stud from which al ferof was bought , as well as champion bumper winner cheltenian . connections have taken their time with him and he only managed the one start last season when down the field when he was well beaten in a maiden hurdle at ludlow . will surely prove better than that performance and entirely possible he is a different horse this season with another summer on his back .
the field is headed by al ferof who won the 2012 paddy power gold cup by 3 lengths from walkon but injured a tendon whilst being prepared for a crack at the king george a month later and was off until winning the amlin 1965 chase in november 2013 . he took part in lthat year’s king george and galloped on but was a well beaten 14 ½ lengths third to silviniaco conti , perhaps on account of several rivals falling to pieces in the latter stages . there remained a doubt as to whether he truly stayed 3 miles and that seemed to be the case as he was trounced by 25 lengths by harry topper in the denman chase at newbury in february 2014 . consequently paul nicholls dropped his 10 year old down in trip for the ryanair chase at cheltenham but he was a little disappointing when finishing 7 ¾ lengths fifth to dynaste . al ferof returned to action and won his second amlin 1965 chase in fine style by 7 lengths from somersby last november and ran 9 ½ lengths third to silviniaco conti in this season’s king george , after which nicholls wanted to run him over a shorter trip . he suffered a setback which prevented him from running in either the queen mother champion chase or the ryanair chase and he returned in the grade 1 melling chase at aintree a couple of weeks ago , finishing 36 lengths fifth of 10 to don cossack . he should strip fitter for that run but will need big improvement .
the aforementioned silviniaco conti failed to bounce back from his gold cup fall at aintree , but can be forgiven that run and , though he doesn’t appeal as an obvious gold cup contender , the charlie hall and betfair chase again appeal as obvious early season targets for paul nicholls’ flat track specialist . along with returning stable - mate al ferof , the king george could well come under consideration , though we await an update on the latter’s wellbeing ( should hear something any day now , in light of the stable’s open day on 1 st september ) . the grey was , of course , last seen winning the paddy power off 159 last november and he gives the impression as if 3m around kempton shouldn’t be a problem .
2010 / 2011 : novice hurdles in november , sprinter sacre contested his first jump race , a novice hurdle over two and a half miles at ascot . he started 6 / 5 favourite and finished second to the six - year - old frascati park . after a break of three months he reappeared in a two mile novices ' hurdle at ffos las and won easily by ten lengths . two weeks later he won a hurdle race at ascot by seven lengths
on the bridle
and was then sent to the cheltenham festival for the supreme novices ' hurdle . ridden by tony mccoy , sprinter sacre took the lead three hurdles from the finish , but hit the last obstacle and faded to finish third to al ferof and spirit son .
a son of top class national hunt sire dom alco , who has produced the likes of grands crus and notably has sired grand national winner neptune collonges and cheltenham festival winner al ferof for this trainer and owner combination . nicholls also has silviniaco conti and sire collonges from this sire and knows his offspring well . he is a half brother to my will who was previously with this yard and had a high class career winning at grade 3 level and finishing 3rd in the grand national . unioniste has winning hurdle and chase form in france where he won by 12l on his final start there . bred to stay well so no surprise to see him over staying novice trips this season and should prove to be very useful whenever he takes to fences where we will likely see the best of him
dom alco has sired some of the leading national hunt stars in recent years with his progeny including the likes of neptune collonges , al ferof , grands crus and silviniaco conti . paul nicholls has had plenty of success with his offspring and he will be hoping this gelding can be the next success story . a half - brother to grade 2 placed hurdler porto rico and three time winner rhum , his dam was a chase winner in france and is from a family of jumping winners including maurice and lettiland . on his only start to date he finished 2nd behind a winner who went on to win again , the two of them pulling miles clear of the rest . a fair start to his career and likely to progress this season for a trainer with experience of handling similar types in recent years .
peddlers was a top class hurdler with only the excellent hurricane fly proving to be better than him at cheltenham , he was the only horse to mount a serious challenger to the willie mullins horse and is clearly a class act . he is expected to take to the fences with ease and that coupled with his class makes him an obvious early favourite for the 2012 arkle chase and that is exactly the case at the moment . the arkle is one of the highlights of any cheltenham festival and as well as peddlers cross there are a number of other potential novice chasers for punters to look forward to . another one of them being backed at this ante - post stage is al ferof who of course won the supreme novices hurdle at the 2011 festival , and he may go straight over fences in 2011 / 12 for champion trainer paul nicholls .
paul nicholls : has been the festivals top handler six times before , and although he’s second favourite in the betting many feel he will struggle this year to add a seventh title . yes , the dicheat team will have plenty of ammo to go to war with , but they only really have big buck’s as banker material in the world hurdle – and oscar whisky might have something to say about that ! that said , al ferof’s task against sprinter sacre in the arkle has been made easier with peddlers cross now missing the race in favour of the jewson novices’ chase , while the unbeaten zarkandar could lower the hurricane fly colours in the champion hurdle . kauto star should still line up for the gold cup , but even if he does all the pre - race doubts will make it a tough ask for him to land the race for a third time .
market for 2012 king george 26th december kempton park . long run 7 - 2 al ferof 5 - 1 cue card 6 - 1 sizing europe 7 - 1 riverside theatre 7 - 1 bobs worth 9 - 1 silviniaco conti 9 - 1 captain chris 10 - 1 finian ' s rainbow 10 - 1 grands crus 10 - 1 sir des champs 10 - 1 kauto stone 11 - 1 cristal bonus 25 - 1 for non stop 25–1 the giant bolster 25 - 1 champion court 25 - 1 hunt ball1 27 - 1 first lieutenant 27 - 1 imperial commander 27 - 1 albertas run 33–1 wishfull thinking 33 - 1 menorah 40 - 1 nacarat 50 - 1 bold sir brian 50 - 1 calgary 66 - 1 gauvain 66 - 1 poquelin 66 - 1 wayward prince 66 - 1 foildubh 100 - 1 saint are 100 - 1 diamond harry 100 - 1 these prices are made up by taking an average price across all the local uk bookies pre post pricings . would love to see $ 10 about silviniaco conti on our local markets on raceday , i seriously doubt we will , but it ' d be nice .
the likely challenge to hurricane fly is more likely to come in the shape of last year’s crop of novice and juvenile hurdlers . of the first four home in the supreme novices , only the second spirit son is staying over hurdles . spirit son went to the festival on the back of two minor victories at huntingdon and exeter . both these wins were achieved on soft / heavy ground and so there was a question mark about his ability to handle the much quicker ground on day one of the festival . he was beaten 2 lengths by al ferof but comes out of the race with the most credit as he paid the penalty for taking on cue card and his stable mate sprinter sacre too far from home . he made amends on his final start at aintree over an extra 4f , with an emphatic 13 length success over cue card . nicky henderson is adamant that we have not seen the best of spirit son yet . this may well be true , but i suspect that he is very much like his stablemate oscar whisky and will prove better over a longer trip than two miles . at 12 - 1 , he does represent value .
paul nicholls said : “i think he is almost the forgotten horse of the festival . he runs in the supreme novices’ hurdle and is a second - season novice . he was fourth in the triumph hurdle at the festival last year . he won his first two starts this season at cheltenham . he gave 7lb and beat river maigue on the second of them . we were then a little bit ambitious to run him in the christmas hurdle . i wanted to give him a run over christmas and have him really fresh for the festival . he came third to darlan and finished ahead of countrywide flame who was fourth . that is not bad form . i think he has a mark of 157 and he would compare favourably with al ferof and noland who won the supreme for us . he goes well fresh and has not really had his ground which is not worse than good to soft . he is really well . he wants a fast - run race so he can come from behind . i think he has a great chance and is a big price for the supreme – we have trained him just for that race and everything is going to plan . it looks a hot race this year but always does . ”
the king george went back to yesteryear in 2011 in that it attracted the interest of horses campaigned over shorter , much like the famous edredon bleu days . somersby , captain chris , and master minded all took their chances but came up short against an inspired kauto star . this year there is grands crus , a spectacular kempton winner on boxing day , who ought to stay the flat 3 miles at kempton with his speed , and the promising silviniano conti of paul nicholls ' . one horse i will open up with as my first consideration for ante - post is al ferof for this race also . ruby walsh was very happy with him when running an excellent 3rd to somersby at ascot over 2m and he said he felt he would make a cracking ride in a king george next season . he was disappointing later on but he has loads of potential still and looked a quite raw chaser . you have finians rainbow a likely candidate with ryanair hero riverside theatre , and don ' t rule out a crack at a king george from the aforementioned sizing europe , who at his age might be campaigned fully at the longer trips . he ' d be very interesting if he did see it out and kempton would be the one race where i see it possible for him to go close over 3m .
somersby remains in good heart and would prove another emotional winner of this race , but has often found one or two too good at this level in the past . the popular 11 year old had a fantastic season last time around , which saw him narrowly beat module in the haldon gold cup on his seasonal debut . either side of unseating at ascot , somersby ran belters to twice finish second to sire de grugy ; beaten 4 lengths in the tingle creek chase and 6 lengths in the queen mother champion chase , before disappointing behind sizing europe at punchestown . those efforts were top class form but somersby did disappoint on his return in the haldon gold cup , making a serious blunder which ended any chance and eventually finishing 46 lengths sixth to god’s own last november . he ran a lot better next time out in mid - november , when 7 lengths second of six to al ferof at ascot . he then headed to sandown park for the tingle creek chase and ran another belter to finish second , for the second consecutive year , beaten 2 ½ lengths on the flat by dodging bullets . he then contested the clarence house chase and was well beaten when 15 lengths fourth to dodging bullets and sprinter sacre in mid - january . however , in the queen mother champion chase in march , he ran another absolute belter to finish 1 ¼ lengths second to dodging bullets and has had a nice break since then .
this £150 , 000 purchase is a full brother to stable star grands crus , grade 1 chase winner , and his sire dom alco has sired a number of top class horses such as al ferof , neptune collonges and silviniaco conti . he has just had the 2 starts in bumpers so far and in comparison to his brother has actually arguably looked a lot more straightforward , and certainly has shown greater promise in bumpers than grands crus did . he made his debut in heavy ground at ffos las where he travelled well at the head of the field before drawing well clear with ease eventually finishing 30l clear . he was getting almost at stone off the field that day due to him being a 3 year old , but it was a very impressive performance from such a young horse nonetheless . for his other outing he was stepped up to listed class where he again led for a long way . when pressured he hung left and ran a little green but battled on gamely and if not for being hampered when fading a little towards the end of the race he would have finished a lot closer than the 4l 4th that he did . again this performance showed huge promise and he looks like keeping the family tradition intact . grands crus wasnâ€™t set particularly high targets on his first hurdling season and was kept to novice races and will be interesting to see how far they push gevrey chambertin this season , given like his brother his real future will be over fences in years to come .
this french bred gelding is a son of al namix , a three time listed winner on the flat in france , who has sired several smart performers in recent years most notably grade 1 winning hurdler grandouet . his dam was a three time chase winner in france and he is a half - brother to grade 3 chaser centaure du rheu . he finished 3rd in a listed contest at auteuil before moving across to the nicholls yard and he improved markedly from his first run at newbury when he bolted up in heavy ground at taunton . he was fancied to run a big race at the cheltenham festival but that failed to materialise as he failed to fire in the fred winter . however , a big strong horse he was always likely to make his mark once jumping fences and he appeals as the type to reach a high level in that sphere .
earlier on the card paul nicholls will bid for a third successive success in the jcb triumph hurdle trial , after the victories of sam winner and hinterland , with chepstow winner far west . he did it really nicely on debut and pulled 12 lengths clear of alan king’s handazan , who came out and won at aintree next time . the son of poliglote has raced exclusively on soft ground to date , so it will be interesting to see how he handles these quicker conditions . dual winner mcvicar may find life tough under a double penalty and the main threat is likely to come from nicky henderson’s vasco du ronceray who beat nothing of note at hereford on his british debut , but pulled 32 - lengths clear of the 109 - rated cool hand luke in taking fashion . he has already proven he handles better ground than far west and the son of al namix stayed on strongly to land an aqps contest at chateaubriant in august on his final start in france . clearly well thought of , he can put himself right in the triumph hurdle picture with success here . of the remainder shelford was smart on the flat in ireland and is one to note , but this would be a very tall order on his debut over hurdles .
a few months later , he finished second in the champion bumper at cheltenham , he won the supreme novices ' hurdle a year later , and on saturday he won the paddy power gold cup .
they can ' t all do that , but it is so vital that they train on if an owner has put their neck on the line .
after cheltenian left my yard two years ago , he won on his first start for philip hobbs and then won the champion bumper next time out – he kept improving .
if they don ' t , not only does it not advertise that you produced the horse , it can have a negative effect . buyers need to know that you have left something to work on .
if an agent has success with a horse you nurtured , they will come back for more but , if they haven ' t been lucky , they won ' t put their hand up at the sales for one of yours . they would rather buy off someone else – it can be as simple and as silly as that .
when i had him , he was owned by martin murphy , an uncle of my other half , barry , who is a son of ferdy murphy . he was the first horse that martin ever owned .
michael , another murphy brother , has a nursery with about 60 babies 25 minutes away from where i am based in crossabeg , co wexford .
he sources horses in ireland and france , where the former jockey guy petit , who is married to ferdy ' s daughter caroline , does all the buying , mainly of foals and yearlings . they are raised at michael ' s , and then i get a lot of them to train and sell .
martin ' s current horse is thekingofconnemara , which was meant to run at cork on sunday . we pulled him out because of all the rain that fell , but it was nice to meet up and have a drink and a chat about the previous afternoon ' s events .
thekingofconnemara was second on his debut at cork last month , and should go close wherever he goes next . when people give you horses like that to develop , you must fulfil your brief with each individual , because you are running a business .
on the other hand , the competitive side of you wants to participate at the top level , and the hope would be that an organic consequence of our produce doing well will be that more owners leave horses here . of the 30 we have now , half are here to stay .
penny ' s bill , which gave us our biggest win in the urltoken hurdle in 2009 , is still on the go , and kauto grand mogol is one of the younger brigade that is not for sale .
a half - brother to kauto star , he won a bumper at limerick in march and is one we are really looking forward to running over hurdles in the next few weeks .
if gowran park beats the weather tomorrow , reality dose should go close for us in the irish racing yearbook chase , but the horse of ours to watch out for is a beautiful three - year - old by martaline . take note if he turns up in a bumper in the new year .
thomas kelly mendelssohn finished third on his return to action in the grade three dwyer stakes over a mile on the dirt in belmont .
urltoken sportsdesk multiple classic - winning trainer john dunlop has died at the age of 78 . dunlop saddled two winners of the derby in shirley heights ( 1978 ) and erhaab ( 1994 ) . he also won the st leger three times , the 1000 guineas three times and the oaks twice , with the 2000 guineas the only british classic to elude him .
graham clark roaring lion battled on bravely to beat his old rival saxon warrior in the coral - eclipse at sandown . the two classy three - year - olds had the 10 - furlong group one to themselves and no quarter was given in the closing stages .
' everybody dies , but not everybody lives ' - how ' the great ak ' became a . . .
ewan mackenna : infantile , spoiled and indulged - everything wrong with brazil is . . .
steve bruce accepts that jack grealish and other aston villa stars may be sold so club . . .
gareth southgate defends raheem sterling ahead of england’s world cup semi - . . .
' there have been a tremendous amount of upsets ' - serena williams insists . . .
referee who has sent off three england players will officiate world cup semi - . . .
eamon dunphy says england are a ' certainty ' to beat croatia and tips raheem . . .
' he sent videos of my body language ' - rory mcilroy reveals how email from . . .
paul curran : super 8 structure favours dublin and kerry , and they could dominate for . . .
captain hugo lloris is confident france will be ready for the challenge of . . .
an in - depth preview ahead of the france v belgium world cup semi - final in russia on . . .


the grey-lined hawk ( buteo nitidus ) is a smallish raptor found in open country and forest edges .

it is sometimes placed in the genus asturina as asturina nitida .

the species has been split by the aou from the grey hawk .

the grey-lined hawk is found from southern costa rica to argentina .

the grey-lined hawk is 46 – 61 cm ( 18 – 24 in ) in length and weighs 475 g ( 16.8 oz ) average .

the adult has a pale grey body , the tail is black with three white bands and the legs are orange .

it has fine white barring on the upper parts .

immature birds have dark brown upperparts , a pale-banded brown tail , brown-spotted white underparts and a brown streaked buff head and neck .

this species is quite short-winged , and has a fast agile flight for a buteo .

it feeds mainly on lizards and snakes , but will also take small mammals , birds and frogs .

it usually sits on an open high perch from which it swoops on its prey , but will also hunt from a low glide .

the nest is of sticks and built high in a tree .

the usual clutch is one to three , usually two white to pale blue eggs .

the young take about 6 weeks to fledging .

grey - lined hawk

photo of adult grey - lined hawk perched in dead tree . note barred back and nape , compared with unbarred grey back and nape of grey hawk .
grey - lined hawk ( buteo nitidus ) is a species of bird in the accipitridae family .
38–46 cm ; male 350–497 g , female 320–592 g ; wingspan 75–94 cm . grey overall , with fine dark grey barring above and bolder white barring below ; tail . . .
38 - 46 cm . a small pale grey hawk with fairly broad wings , extensively barred dark grey . the tail has a single solid black sub - terminal band . fast flapping flight with short glides , soars on flat wings . voice . a high , clear , drawn out disyllabic whistle .
bierregaard , r . o . , jr , boesman , p . & marks , j . s . ( 2018 ) . grey - lined hawk ( buteo nitidus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
eitniear , j . , s . mcgehee , w . waddell . 1990 . gray hawk mobbed by olive - throated parakeets .
glinski , r . 1988 . gray hawk . pp . 83 - 86 in r glinski , b pendleton , m moss , m lefranc , jr . , b millsap , eds .
grey - lined hawk , buteo nitidus , parque natural tayrona , birds caribe birding in santa marta many endemics ( about 25 ) and specialties occur here including santa marta antpitta , band - tailed , santa marta wood wren , bangs wood wren , white - tipped quetzal , santa marta sabrewing , santa marta wren , blue bearded helmetcrest , white - tailed starfrontlet , santa marta warbler , santa marta parakeet , santa marta mountain - tanager , yellow - crowned whitestart , santa marta bush - tyrant , santa marta rufous antpitta , brown - rumped tapaculo , rusty - headed spinetail , santa marta brush - finch , santa marta blossomcrown , santa marta foliage - gleaner , golden - breasted fruiteater , yellow - legged and black - hooded thrushes , black - headed tanager –furthermore an undescribed species of santa marta screech - owl , rusty - breasted antpitta , santa marta tapaculo , black backed thornbill , .
apparently some gray hawk pairs stay together after the breeding season is over . the gray hawks that overwintered in arizona were a pair . glinski called them out by mimicking their territorial breeding calls , and they responded in kind ( glinski , 1998 ) .
this species and b . plagiatus sometimes placed in asturina , partly because of distinctive moult pattern . probably closest to b . ridgwayi and b . lineatus ; previously considered to form a clade with these and rupornis magnirostris , but latter found to be basal to all buteos # r # r # r , and this group may be more closely allied to leucopternis than to buteo . until recently , commonly considered conspecific with b . plagiatus , which differs in its plain vs barred grey crown , nape , back and wings ( 3 ) ; uppertail coverts white vs grey with white tips , resulting in bold vs narrow white band on base of uppertail ( 2 ) ; and longer call , without sudden drop in pitch in middle of note ( 2 , perhaps 3 ) # r . n race blakei previously known as costaricensis , but latter name invalid , as preoccupied ( by b . jamaicensis costaricensis ) . three subspecies usually recognized .
there are no documented cases of predation of gray hawks , but like other mid - sized hawks , they may be vulnerable to larger birds of prey . raptor nestlings in the tropics may on rare occasions succumb to predation from arboreal hunters such as monkeys , coatis , snakes , and other birds , so it is possible that gray hawk nestlings may as well ( emmons and feer , 1997 ) .
on their wintering range , other factors could lead to gray hawk decline . glinski banded seven nestlings in arizona that were recovered in northern sinaloa state in mexico , and six of these had been shot . the greatest threat on these wintering grounds , however , is habitat loss . there , the gray hawks’ thornscrub habitat is being widely cleared for agriculture . gray hawks continue to persist along the living fence rows of trees that divide the agricultural fields , but it is unclear how many hawks this disrupted habitat can support , nor , ultimately , what effects this might have on arizona’s breeding population . little is known about demographics or conservation throughout the rest of the gray hawk ' s range ( glinski , 1988 , 1998 ; nabhan and sheridan , 1977 ; tellman et al . , 1997 ; urls below ) .
gray hawks are important predators of smaller lizards and snakes throughout their range , though cryptic coloration , speed , and good hiding places can help some reptile prey evade capture . gray hawks occasionally prey upon small birds . smaller birds will often deter predation by mobbing birds of prey to drive them away . olive - throated parakeets have been seen mobbing a gray hawk to force it to leave the area ( eitniear et al . , 1990 ) .
throughout their range , gray hawks inhabit woodlands and arid deciduous forests . in the tropics they prefer dry second growth forest and thorn scrub . they tend to select patchy open forest , forest edges , and savanna trees . it is not uncommon to find them on agricultural fields . in denser woodland they tend to keep high in the forest canopy . gray hawk northern breeding range is found in deciduous cottonwood - willow forests and mesquite bosques along riparian corridors or in evergreen oak woodlands ( glinski , 1998 ; stiles and skutch , 1989 ) .
since the range of gray hawks in the united states is so limited , many birdwatchers come to arizona and texas to see them . bird watching has become increasingly important to the economy of southeastern arizona . just as the gray hawk ' s distribution barely extends into southern arizona , so do the ranges of many other tropical and subtropical bird species . several migratory species also use the area’s river corridors as they pass north from mexico . over 400 bird species draw birdwatchers from around the world . their visitation has been an economic boon to the area . in 2001 , visitors to two well - known birding spots in southeastern arizona - ramsey canyon preserve and the san pedro riparian national conservation area - spent an estimated $ 10 . 1 million to $ 16 . 9 million . about a third of the gray hawk nest sites in arizona have been identified in the san pedro ncr . while gray hawks are not the sole draw to the area , the numbers clearly illustrate the impact that conservation has on regional economies . gray hawks , as well as people , stand to benefit from this perceived economic value . ( bibles , 1999 ; relly , 2002 ; viers , 2000 ) .
bibles ( 1999 ) also revealed that gray hawks prefer home ranges with taller trees and more open understory , probably because these enable them to observe their cryptic prey more easily . the increased flight space may also facilitate greater capture success . mesquite bosques are the primary foraging areas of gray hawks breeding in arizona because they have these characteristics . the amount of mesquite bosque seems to be the main factor that determines habitat quality in gray hawk nesting range in arizona . ( amadon and phillips , 1939 ; bibles , 1999 ; glinski , 1988 ; glinski and millsap , 1987 ; gurrola - hidalgo and chavez , 1996 ; stensrude , 1965 ) .
gray hawks from northern populations arrive in arizona around mid - march to breed . nest site fidelity is high , and gray hawk territories remain fairly constant from year to year . pairs begin building the nest right after courtship , but they partition the work . the male builds the foundation , and the female shapes most of the bowl out of green , leafy twigs from the nest tree or neighboring trees . northerly - breeding gray hawks primarily nest in cottonwood trees , but they will also nest in willow , ash , oak , hackberry , and mesquites . they choose nest sites in the upper third of the tree , usually in branches away from the trunk . nests are crow - sized , about 60 cm across . the female usually lays two eggs in early may , although studies of nest productivity in arizona have recorded nests with four or even eight eggs per clutch with a mean of 1 . 2 or 1 . 1 young per occupied breeding site . the eggs are white to pale blue and rarely marked . only females incubate the eggs . incubation lasts about 33 days , during which the male captures food for the female . after hatching , the young stay in the nest for about six weeks .
) range from the amazon basin in south america into the southwestern united states . they are migratory in the northern part of their range , arriving in southern arizona and extreme south texas in the spring to breed , and occasionally entering new mexico . these northern members of the species generally depart in mid - october to overwinter in mexico , although they can be found in south texas year - round , and rare records exist of winter residents in arizona . further south in their range , gray hawks are non - migratory ( glinski , 1998 ; kaufman , 2000 ; stiles and skutch , 1989 ; terres , 1980 ) .
gray hawks are medium - sized , woodland buteos , with shorter wings and longer tails than typical buteos . adult birds have a slate - gray back , finely barred gray and white underparts , a black tail with two or three white bands , and a white rump . juveniles have dark brown backs and buff - streaked underparts , brownish - gray tails with five to nine narrow black bars , and a dark brown eye stripe . both adult and immature birds have dark gray or black beaks , brown irises , and yellow ceres and legs . males are smaller than females . gray hawks fly with accipiter - like movements , alternately flapping and gliding gracefully . their flight pattern and gray color is similar to that of northern goshawks , which led to their other common name , “mexican goshawks . ” northern goshawks , however , have a white eyebrow and lack the tail barring distinctive of gray hawks ( glinski , 1998 ; kaufman , 2000 ; stiles and skutch , 1989 ; terres , 1980 ; wheeler and clark , 1995 ) .
arizona is the northernmost stronghold of breeding gray hawks , with nearly 80 known nest sites , most of which are protected in nature preserves or conservation easements . six pairs also nest regularly along the rio grande river in south texas . there is one reported incidence of nesting in new mexico . further south in their range , gray hawks are non - migratory and nest from december through may in tall , evergreen trees ( bibles , 1999 ; brandt , 1951 ; glinski , 1988 ; glinski , 1998 ; hubbard , 1974 ; stiles and skutch , 1989 ; terres , 1980 ) .
females alone provide incubation , but the male feeds her . the male provides most of the food for the first two weeks post - hatching , after which the female begins to hunt as well . it is not known how quickly the young can hunt for themselves once they leave the nest .
gray hawks are swift , agile fliers that can actively pursue prey by maneuvering through trees . they perch in the forest understory , locate prey in the trees or on the ground with their keen eyesight , and make short dashes to capture it whit their talons . they take reptiles , small mammals , birds , and some insects . in arizona , glinski ( 1988 ) studied food types delivered to nestlings and found that the diet was composed predominantly of terrestrial and arboreal lizards ( 74 % ) , garter snakes ( 5 % ) , nestling and adult birds ( 11 % ) , and mammals ( 10 % ) . bibles’ ( 1999 ) study of nest productivity in arizona revealed similar findings , with reptiles comprising 68 . 6 % of prey delivered to nestlings ( all were lizards but for one snake ) , mammals 19 . 6 % ( rodents and one rabbit ) , birds 9 . 8 % , and amphibians 2 % ( a toad ) .
gray hawks have no special conservation status , although their limited numbers at the northern extreme of their range have led management agencies in arizona to regard them as “sensitive species” and in texas to consider them “threatened . ” arizona breeding populations seem to be holding steady , with reproduction balancing the losses from mortality . fortunately , most of the 80 nest sites in arizona today are located on protected lands . concerned about how human demand for ground and surface water has seriously reduced desert riparian areas in the southwestern united states , private landowners and public and private conservation organizations have worked to set aside the remaining riparian corridors in southern arizona . further protection of the cottonwood - willow forests and mesquite bosques they support will demand protection of the waters that sustain them . if land managers succeed , this will be good news for gray hawks and the myriad other species that use these areas . their only threat then would be recreational disturbance . nesting gray hawks are sensitive to human activity near their nests , and many of the protected areas are frequented by recreational groups . something as innocuous as a family picnic unknowingly staged near a nest tree can cause gray hawks to abandon their nest .
robin kropp ( author ) , university of arizona , jorge schondube ( editor ) , university of arizona .
living in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .
living in the southern part of the new world . in other words , central and south america .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
humans benefit economically by promoting tourism that focuses on the appreciation of natural areas or animals . ecotourism implies that there are existing programs that profit from the appreciation of natural areas or animals .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
forest biomes are dominated by trees , otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
reproduction in which eggs are released by the female ; development of offspring occurs outside the mother ' s body .
referring to something living or located adjacent to a waterbody ( usually , but not always , a river or stream ) .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
texas parks and wildlife , texas threatened and endangered birds
( on - line ) . accessed april 12 , 2002 at urltoken .
usda forest service , coronado national forest , santa catalina ranger district , tucson , arizona , usa . threatened , endangered , and sensitive species
( on - line ) . accessed april 12 , 2002 at urltoken .
amadon , d . , a . phillips . 1939 . notes on the mexican goshawk .
. albuquerque , new mexico : unpublished report to office of endangered species , u . s . fish and wildlife service .
gurrola - hidalgo , m . , n . chavez . 1996 . serpentes : lampropeltis triangulum nelsoni ( milk snake ) . predation . .
nabhan , g . , t . sheridan . 1977 . living fencerows of the rio san miguel , sonora , mexico : traditional technology for floodplain management .
relly , j . 2002 .
arizona daily star : birding ' s big bucks . february 7 , 2002
( on - line ) . accessed april 12 , 2002 at urltoken .
stensrude , c . 1965 . observations on a pair of gray hawks in southern arizona .
arizona’s changing rivers : how people have affected the rivers . water resources research center issue paper 19
viers , j . 2000 .
economic development institute 2000 abstracts - southeastern arizona birdng trail
( on - line ) . accessed april 12 , 2002 at urltoken .
. london , san diego : academic press , harcourt brace and co . .
to cite this page : kropp , r . 2002 .
asturina nitida
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
buteo nitidus and b . plagiatus ( del hoyo and collar 2014 ) were previously lumped as b . nitidus following aou ( 2006 ) , the gender agreement of which follows david and gosselin ( 2002a ) , and before then were placed in the genus asturina following aou ( 1998 ) , and before then were split as a . nitida and a . plagiata following sibley and monroe ( 1990 , 1993 ) .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km 2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
this species has a large range from central america to amazonia and south into argentina . occurs from southwest costa rica south through panama and colombia to west ecuador on the west of the andes and on the east of the andes from east colombia , venezuela and guianas through east ecuador , northeast peru and much of brazil to north and east bolivia , paraguay and north argentina . the species is also found on trinidad .
described in parts of very large range as locally common and tolerant of open and secondary forest ; typically absent from closed humid forest . population likely to be large ( ferguson - lees & christie 2001 ) . trend justification : this species is suspected to lose 21 . 3 - 28 . 7 % of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations ( 22 years ) based on a model of amazonian deforestation ( soares - filho et al . 2006 , bird et al . 2011 ) . it is suspected to decline by < 25 % over three generations as it is not highly forest - dependent , favouring open country and forest edges .
occurs in very wide variety of forest habitats from gallery and open woodland through to fairly open savannah with clumps of trees but is not typically found in dense humid forest . found from sea level up to 800 m , occasionally as high as 1 , 300 m . feeds on reptiles , amphibians , insects , small mammals and birds .
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( todd , 1915 ) – e bolivia and c brazil ( mato grosso to piauí and rio de janeiro ) s to paraguay and n argentina ( s to tucumán and n santa fe ) .
there are two primary vocalizations : a series of 3–8 piping notes used primarily during the . . .
adaptable , found in lowland tropical to subtropical zones in rain forest edge , disturbed forest and . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . cites ii . no hard data on numbers or population trends , but generally considered widespread , locally common to relatively numerous , . . .
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previously incorporated several other genera , including e . g . rupornis , morphnarchus , pseudastur , as well as leucopternis and buteogallus . present arrangement based largely on recent molecular studies # r # r # r , but further modification likely .
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josep del hoyo , thore noernberg , pieter de groot boersma , greg baker , jacob . wijpkema , david ascanio , desmond allen , anthony laven , helbert e . noventa .
margareta wieser , lars petersson , jacob . wijpkema , luis r figueroa , paul van giersbergen , josef widmer , eduardo freitez gassan , stanislav harvančík , holger teichmann , thore noernberg , manakincarmelo , rodrigo y castro , nimali digo and thilanka edirisinghe , christophe gouraud , lmarce , juan fdo . alvarez castro , mauricio rueda , roger ahlman , samantha klein , sirroyalty , joe tobias , dusan m . brinkhuizen , manakin nature tours , tadeusz stawarczyk , alfredo rosas .
combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : buteo nitidus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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eugnosta mexicana is a species of moth of the family tortricidae .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona , colorado , new mexico and utah .

the wingspan is 17 – 20 mm .

adults have been recorded on wing from june to august .

eugnosta mexicana

eugnosta mexicana ( busck , 1907 ) , formerly placed in the genus carolella , razowski ( 2009 ) , was number 3786 in the 1983 hodges checklist .
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powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 20 . 14m ; p . 158 . book review and ordering
razowski , j . , 2009 . review tortricidae of the palaearctic region , volume 2 : cochylini 1 - 195 .
pale gray forewing ; nqarrow triangular , brownish - tinged , with a bold , darker gray brown fascia bordered by white , from the middorsal margin toward the end of the cell .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
on sheet with uv black light . i think this one does need a species page .
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contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
argyrolepia stephens , 1829 , syst . cat . br . insects ( 2 ) : 190 . type species : tortrix lathoniana hübner [ 1799 - 1800 ] .
safra walker , 1863 , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus . 27 : 195 . type species : safra metaphaeella walker , 1863 .
carolella busck , 1939 ( replacement name for pharmacis hübner , 1823 ) . ( synonymized by razowski , 2011 : 404 )
, 2010 : review of east african cochylini ( lepidoptera , tortricidae ) with description of new species .
, 2012 : the lepidoptera of white sands national monument 5 : two new species of cochylini ( lepidoptera , tortricidae , tortricinae ) .
, 2011 : diagnoses and remarks on genera of tortricidae , 2 : cochylini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) .
, 2002 : systematic and faunistic data on neotropical cochylini ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) , with descriptions of new species . part . 1 .
2010 : an annotated catalogue of the types of tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) in the collection of the royal museum for central africa ( tervuren , belgium ) with descriptions of new genera and new species .
, 2013 : an illustrated catalogue of the specimens of tortricidae in the iziko south african museum , cape town ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) .
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loukozoa ( from greek loukos : groove ) is a paraphyletic taxon used in some classifications of excavate protists .

the largest group within loukozoa is the " jakobids " .

loukozoa , however , also includes malawimonas .

although jakobids and malawimonas look rather similar , they are not specifically related to one another within excavata , and loukozoa is a paraphyletic group .

furthermore , molecular phylogenetic evidence suggests strongly that jakobids are instead most closely related to heterolobosea and euglenozoa .

loukozoa

the excavate protozoan phyla metamonada grassé emend . ( anaeromonadea , parabasalia , carpediemonas , eopharyngia ) and loukozoa emend . ( jakobea , malawi . . . - pubmed - ncbi
the excavate protozoan phyla metamonada grassé emend . ( anaeromonadea , parabasalia , carpediemonas , eopharyngia ) and loukozoa emend . ( jakobea , malawimonas ) : their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa .
microbiology society journals | the excavate protozoan phyla metamonada grassé emend . ( anaeromonadea , parabasalia , carpediemonas , eopharyngia ) and loukozoa emend . ( jakobea , malawimonas ) : their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa
cavalier - smith , t . ( 2013 ) . early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes , cell structural diversity , and classification of the protozoan phyla loukozoa , sulcozoa , and choanozoa . < em > european journal of protistology . < / em > 49 ( 2 ) : 115 - 178 .
guiry , m . d . & guiry , g . m . ( 2018 ) . algaebase . world - wide electronic publication , national university of ireland , galway ( taxonomic information republished from algaebase with permission of m . d . guiry ) . loukozoa . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 582163 on 2018 - 07 - 09
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hampl , vladimir ; hug , laura ; leigh , jessica w . ; dacks , joel b . ; lang , b . franz ; simpson , alastair g . b . ; roger , andrew j .
proceedings of the national academy of sciences , volume 106 , issue 10 , 2009 , pp . 3859 - 3864
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welcome to professor martha e . trujillo from the university of salamanca , spain , who has become the new editor - in - chief
read a collection of articles for world microbiome day , from the microbiology society and the british society for immunology .
proposed minimal standards for the use of genome data in prokaryote taxonomy published in ijsem .
read our top tips on how you can promote your research and help it to reach more people .
international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology , formerly international journal of systematic bacteriology ( ijsb ) , is the official journal of record for novel prokaryotic taxa . it is the official publication of the international committee on systematics of prokaryotes and the bacteriology and applied microbiology division of the international union of microbiological societies . international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology is published by the microbiology society , a learned society that promotes microbiology at all levels .
editor - in - chief : professor martha e . trujillo , university of salamanca , spain
we would like to apologise to all those who may have received an email which was sent accidentally from our submission system , with the subject line & apos ; misc . email & apos ; .
earlier this year international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology ( ijsem ) sponsored the annual meeting for bergey & apos ; s international society for microbial systematics ( bismis 2018 ) in johannesburg , south africa . following the conference we caught up with the winners to ask them about their work .
we would like to thank all those who gave their time and expertise to review papers submitted for publication in international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology in 2017 .
international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology ( ijsem ) will soon be asking authors to provide genome sequencing data with descriptions of novel taxa in taxonomic descriptions .
extending the ecological distribution of desmonostoc genus : proposal of desmonostoc salinum sp . nov . , a novel cyanobacteria from a saline–alkaline lake
this meeting will focus on recent advances and future priorities of testate amoeba research . it will take place 10–14 september at riddel hall , belfast , uk .
join the microbiology society and become part of the largest microbiology community in europe . members receive a range of benefits including a discount on the openmicrobiology fee when publishing open access with our journals .
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/ docserver / preview / fulltext / ijsem / 53 / 6 / 1741 - 1 . gif
and eopharyngia ( diplomonads , enteromonads , retortamonads ) constitute a holophyletic group , for which the existing name trichozoa is adopted as a new subphylum . ancestrally , trichozoa probably had hydrogenosomes , stacked golgi dictyosomes , three anterior centrioles and one posterior centriole : the typical tetrakont pattern . it is also argued that the closest relatives of trichozoa are anaeromonada (
( with a new family and order also ) and diphyllatea classis nov . , for diphylleida (
) , is transferred back to apusozoa . a new class , order and family are established for the anaerobic , biciliate , tricentriolar
is sister to eopharyngia , diverging before their ancestor lost hydrogenosomes and acquired a cytopharynx . removal of anaeromonads and
this paper was presented at the xivth meeting of the international society for evolutionary protistology in vancouver , canada , 19–24 june 2002 .
archibald , j . m . , o ' kelly , c . j . & doolittle , w . f .
the chaperonin genes of jakobid and jakobid - like flagellates : implications for eukaryotic evolution .
baldauf , s . l . , roger , a . j . , wenk - siefert , i . & doolittle , w . f .
( larsen & patterson , 1990 ) n . comb . ( retortamonadida , protista ) .
, pp . 166–189 . edited by j . r . green & b . s . c . leadbeater . london : taylor & francis .
) form a new family of flagellates ( collodictyonidae ) with tubular mitochondrial cristae that is phylogenetically distant from other flagellate groups .
, pp . 893–916 . edited by w . schwemmler & h . e . a . schenk . berlin : de gruyter .
, pp . 465–493 . edited by w . b . amos & j . g . duckett . cambridge : cambridge university press .
, pp . 1027–1034 . edited by w . schwemmler & h . e . a . schenk . berlin : de gruyter .
, symposium of the british mycological society no . 13 , pp . 339–353 . edited by a . d . m . rayner , c . m . brasier & d . moore . cambridge : cambridge university press .
, pp . 175–179 . edited by s . p . parker . new york : mcgraw - hill .
, pp . 113–131 . edited by d . j . patterson & j . larsen . oxford : clarendon press .
, pp . 79–106 . edited by h . hartman & k . matsuno . singapore : world scientific publishers .
, pp . 399–406 . edited by h . ishikawa , m . ishida & s . sato . tübingen : tübingen university press .
amoeboflagellates and mitochondrial cristae in eukaryotic evolution : megasystematics of the new protozoan subkingdoms eozoa and neozoa .
principles of protein and lipid targeting in secondary symbiogenesis : euglenoid , dinoflagellate , and sporozoan plastid origins and the eukaryote family tree .
, pp . 361–390 . edited by j . r . green & b . s . c . leadbeater . london : taylor & francis .
the neomuran origin of archaebacteria , the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification .
genome reduction and evolution of novel genetic membranes and protein - targeting machinery in eukaryote - eukaryote chimaeras ( meta - algae ) .
cavalier - smith , t . & chao , e . e . - y .
molecular phylogeny of centrohelid heliozoa , a novel lineage of bikont eukaryotes that arose by ciliary loss .
an interim utilitarian ( “user friendly” ) hierarchical classification and characterisation of the protists .
a complex microbiota from snowball earth times : microfossils from the neoproterozoic kingston peak formation , death valley , usa .
edgcomb , v . , viscogliosi , e . , simpson , a . g . b . , delgado - viscogliosi , p . , roger , a . j . & sogin , m . l .
evolutionary relationships among “jakobid” flagellates as indicated by alpha - and beta - tubulin phylogenies .
n . g . , n . sp . ( parabasalia ) and its relationship to amitochondrial protists .
( ruinen ) n . gen . , a new type of filter feeding flagellate from marine plankton .
n . g . , n . sp . , a new freshwater heterotrophic flagellate .
an insect molecular clock dates the origin of the insects and accords with palaeontological and biogeographic landmarks .
gerbod , d . , edgcomb , v . p . , noel , c . , zenner , l . , wintjens , r . , delgado - viscogliosi , p . , holder , m . e . , sogin , m . l . & viscogliosi , e .
classe des zooflagellés : zooflagellata ou zoomastigina ( euflagellata claus 1887 ) . géneralités . in
, vol . 1 , fasc . 1 , pp . 574–578 . edited by p . - p . grassé . paris : masson ( in french ) .
, p . 187 . edited by p . de puytorac & j . grain . clermont - ferrand : université de clermont .
chaperonin 60 phylogeny provides further evidence for secondary loss of mitochondria among putative early - branching eukaryotes .
ishida , k . , green , b . r . & cavalier - smith , t .
diversification of a chimaeric algal group , the chlorarachniophytes : phylogeny of nuclear and nucleomorph small - subunit rrna genes .
lang , b . f . , o ' kelly , c . , nerad , t . , gray , m . w . & burger , g .
, pp . 69–94 . the systematics association special volume series 59 . edited by b . s . c . leadbeater & j . c . green . london : taylor & francis .
o ' kelly , c . j . & nerad , t . a .
o ' kelly , c . j . , farmer , m . a . & nerad , t . a .
the heterolobosea ( sarcodina : rhizopoda ) , a new class uniting the schizopyrenida and the acrasidae ( acrasida ) .
, pp . 17–33 . edited by g . brugerolle & j . - p . mignot . clermont - ferrand : université blaise pascal de clermont ferrand .
, pp . 25–56 . edited by g . h . coombs , k . vickerman , m . a . sleigh & a . warren . london : kluwer .
philippe , h . , lopez , p . , brinkmann , h . , budin , k . , germot , a . , laurent , j . , moreira , d . , muller , m . & le guyader , h .
early - branching or fast - evolving eukaryotes ? an answer based on slowly evolving positions .
roger , a . j . , svard , s . g . , tovar , j . , graham clark , c . , smith , m . w . , gillin , f . d . & sogin , m . l .
: evidence that diplomonads once harbored an endosymbiont related to the progenitor of mitochondria .
retortamonad flagellates are closely related to diplomonads – implications for the history of mitochondrial function in eukaryote evolution .
simpson , a . g . b . , radek , r . , dacks , j . b . & o ' kelly , c . j .
. edited by r . s . k . barnes . oxford : blackwell scientific .
, pp . 185–204 . edited by d . j . patterson & j . larsen . oxford : clarendon press .
van der giezen , m . , slotboom , d . j . , horner , d . s . , dyal , p . l . , harding , m . , xue , g . p . , embley , t . m . & kunji , e . r .
conserved properties of hydrogenosomal and mitochondrial adp / atp carriers : a common origin for both organelles .
, pp . 270–287 . edited by l . margulis , j . o . corliss , m . melkonian & d . chapman , boston : jones & bartlett .
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ruggiero ma , gordon dp , orrell tm , bailly n , bourgoin t , brusca rc , et al . ( 2015 ) a higher level classification of all living organisms . plos one 10 ( 4 ) : e0119248 . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0119248 . pmid : 25923521
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parent taxon : excavata according to m . a . ruggiero et al . 2015
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152 , 260 species and infraspecific names are in the database , 20 , 704 images , 58 , 813 bibliographic items , 390 , 023 distributional records .
staurodesmus phimus var . convexus ( prescott & a . m . scott ) teiling
website contents © 1996 - 2018 m . d . guiry . all rights reserved .
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int j syst evol microbiol . 2003 nov ; 53 ( pt 6 ) : 1741 - 58 .
department of zoology , university of oxford , south parks road , oxford ox1 3ps , uk .
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cavalier - smith , t . ( 1999 ) . principles of protein and lipid targeting in secondary symbiogenesis : euglenoid , dinoflagellate , and sporozoan plastid origins and the eukaryote family tree , 2 . < em > the journal of eukaryotic microbiology . < / em > 46 ( 4 ) : 347 - 366 .
ruggiero , m . a . ; gordon , d . p . ; orrell , t . m . ; bailly , n . ; bourgoin , t . ; brusca , r . c . ; cavalier - smith , t . ; guiry , m . d . ; kirk , p . m . ( 2015 ) . a higher level classification of all living organisms . < em > plos one . < / em > 10 ( 4 ) : e0119248 . 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0119248