catocala distorta is a moth in the erebidae family .

it was described by butler in 1889 .

it is found in india ( himachal pradesh ) .

the species is 52 millimetres ( 2.0 in ) long and is different from catocala nymphaea by being more brown and having much duller thorax and forewing .

catocala distorta

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catocala staudingeri beutenmüller , 1907 ; ( repl . catocala aspasia staudinger , 1897 )
eine neue catocala - art aus dem ussurigebiete . catocala kotshubeji ( spec . nov . )
catocala fraxini yunnanensis mell , 1936 ; ; tl : nw . yunnan , likian
catocala tapestrina forresti mell , 1939 ; ; tl : w . yunnan , likiang
catocala timur richteri wiltshire , 1961 ; ; tl : s . iran , transhahar
catocala pataloides mell , 1931 ; ; tl : n . kwangtung , lung tao shan
catocala permanans hulst , 1884 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 7 : 50
= catocala delilah desdemona h . edwards , 1882 ; [ nacl ] , # 8835a
catocala blandula hulst , 1884 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 7 : 35
catocala xarippe butler , 1877 ; cistula ent . 2 : 243 ; tl : japan , hakodate
catocala szechuena hampson , 1913 ; ; tl : w . china , ta - chien - lu
description d ' une nouvelle sous - espèce française de catocala conjuncta esper ( lep . noctuidae )
catocala adultera ménétriés , 1856 ; etud . ent . 5 : 47 ; tl : st . petersburg
catocala deuteronympha kuangtungensis mell , 1931 ; ; tl : china , n . kwangtung , tsha yuen shan
catocala badia grote & robinson , 1866 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 6 : 22
catocala jair strecker , 1897 ; ent . news 8 ( 5 ) : 116 ; tl : florida
notes and additions to barnes ' and mcdunnough ' s illustrations of n . a . species of catocala
catocala zalmunna butler , 1877 ; cistula ent . 2 : 241 ; tl : japan , yokohama , hakodate
catocala jezoensis matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 775 ; tl : japan
catocala nupta obscurata oberthür , 1880 ; étud . d ' ent . 5 : 86 ; tl : askold
catocala texanae french , 1902 ; can . ent . 34 ( 4 ) : 98 ; tl : texas
catocala sinuosa grote , 1879 ; can . ent . 11 ( 1 ) : 15 ; tl : florida
catocala mira grote , 1876 ; can . ent . 8 ( 12 ) : 230 ; tl : usa
beiträge zur fauna sinica . xi . zur biologie und systematik der chinesischen catocala ( lep . heter . )
catocala pacta deserta kozhanchikov , 1925 ; jb . martjanov staatmus . minussinsk , 6 : 81 ; tl : minusinsk
catocala vestalis boisduval , 1829 ; eur . lepid . index meth . : errata et addena , p . 7
catocala ulalume strecker , 1878 ; lep . rhopal . het . ( 14 ) : 132 ; tl : texas
catocala frederici grote , 1872 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 4 : 14 ; tl : texas
catocala herodias strecker , 1876 ; lep . rhopal . het . ( 13 ) : 121 ; tl : texas
catocala orba kuznezov , 1903 ; revue russe ent . 3 : 166 , f . 2 ; tl : texas
catocala manitoba beutenmüller , 1908 ; ent . news 19 ( 2 ) : 54 ; tl : manitoba , cartwright
catocala nupta japonica mell , 1936 ; dt . ent . z . iris 50 : 67 ; tl : japan ?
catocala piatrix dionyza h . edwards , 1884 ; papilio 4 ( 7 / 8 ) : 124 ; tl : arizona
catocala badia coelebs ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 245
catocala elda behrens , 1887 ; can . ent . 19 ( 10 ) : 199 ; tl : oregon , portland
catocala dotata walker , [ 1858 ] ; ( preocc . herrich - schäffer , 1851 ) ; tl : n . hindostan
catocala lupina kastshenkoi sheljuzhko , 1943 ; dt . ent . z . iris 57 : 60 ; tl : transcaucasia , jelisavetpol
catocala dejecta strecker , 1880 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 2 : 97 ; tl : [ north america ]
catocala elizabeth cassino , 1918 ; lepidopterist 2 ( 7 ) : 53 , f . 4 ; tl : california , truckee
catocala abbreviatella grote , 1872 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 4 : 14 ; tl : texas , usa
catocala adultera ; [ ne10 ] : 97 , pl . 6 , f . 4 - 5 , gen . 49 , 147
catocala conjuncta perrettei seyer , 1976 ; bull . soc . ent . mulhouse , 1976 : 24 ; tl : france , donzere
catocala conversa ; [ ne10 ] : 90 , pl . 5 , f . 1 - 3 , gen . 42 , 140
catocala lupina detrita warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 311 , pl . 56 e ; tl : uralsk
catocala detrita ; [ ne10 ] : 108 , pl . 7 , f . 17 - 19 , gen . 61 , 159
catocala deuteronympha tschiliensis bang - haas , 1927 ; ; tl : [ china ] chingan mts . , lin si hein , tschili
catocala dilecta ; [ ne10 ] : 104 , pl . 7 , f . 7 - 8 , gen . 58 , 156
catocala disjuncta ; [ ne10 ] : 88 , pl . 4 , f . 45 - 48 , gen . 40 , 138
catocala diversa ; [ ne10 ] : 93 , pl . 5 , f . 15 - 18 , gen . 45 , 144
catocala electa ; [ ne10 ] : 99 , pl . 6 , f . 8 - 9 , gen . 52 , 150
catocala elocata ; [ ne10 ] : 100 , pl . 6 , f . 10 - 11 , gen . 53 , 151
catocala eutychea ; [ ne10 ] : 87 , pl . 4 , f . 37 - 40 , gen . 38 , 136
catocala fraxini ; [ ne10 ] : 95 , pl . 5 , f . 23 - 26 , gen . 48 , 146
catocala fulminea ; [ ne10 ] : 85 , pl . 4 , f . 31 - 33 , gen . 36 , 134
catocala hymenaea ; [ ne10 ] : 94 , pl . 5 , f . 19 - 22 , gen . 47 , 145
catocala kotschubeyi sheljuzhko , 1927 ; lep . rdsch . 1 ( 1 ) : 1 ; tl : s . ussuri , shutshan
catocala lupina ; [ ne10 ] : 107 , pl . 7 , f . 14 - 16 , gen . 60 , 158
catocala mariana ; [ ne10 ] : 88 , pl . 4 , f . 41 - 44 , gen . 39 , 137
catocala neonympha ; [ ne10 ] : 90 , pl . 5 , f . 4 - 6 , gen . 43 , 141
catocala nupta clara osthelder , 1933 ; mitt . münch . ent . ges . 23 : 93 ; tl : turkey , marasch
catocala nymphaea ; [ ne10 ] : 86 , pl . 4 , f . 34 - 36 , gen . 37 , 137
catocala nymphagoga ; [ ne10 ] : 91 , pl . 5 , f . 7 - 10 , gen . 44 , 142
catocala nymphagoga albimixta warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 312 , pl . 57 f ; tl : tunisia
catocala nymphagoga grisea warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 313 , pl . 57 f ; tl : tunisia
catocala oberthueri ; [ ne10 ] : 101 , pl . 6 , f . 12 - 13 , gen . 54 , 152
catocala optata ; [ ne10 ] : 109 , pl . 7 , f . 23 - 25 , gen . 63 , 161
catocala pacta ; [ ne10 ] : 108 , pl . 7 , f . 20 - 22 , gen . 62 , 160
catocala promissa ; [ ne10 ] : 106 , pl . 7 , f . 11 - 13 , gen . 64 , 162
catocala proxeneta sutschana sheljuzhko , 1943 ; dt . ent . z . iris 57 : 60 ; tl : ussuri region , sutshan
catocala sponsa ; [ ne10 ] : 105 , pl . 7 , f . 9 - 10 , gen . 59 , 157
catocala piatrix grote , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 3 : 88 ; tl : new york , usa
catocala serena edwards , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 ( 4 ) : 510 ; tl : philadelphia
catocala beutenmuelleri barnes & mcdunnough , 1910 ; can . ent . 42 ( 7 ) : 251 ; tl : utah , provo
catocala miranda h . edwards , 1881 ; papilio 1 ( 7 ) : 118 ; tl : washington , d . c .
catocala fraxini var . latefasciata warnecke , 1919 ; int . ent . z . 13 : 25 ; tl : amur region , ussuri
catocala mariana rambur , 1858 ; cat . syst . lépid . andalousie : pl . 9 , f . 4 ; tl : spain
catocala nupta likiangensis mell , 1936 ; dt . ent . z . iris 50 : 69 ; tl : nw . yunnan , likiang
catocala disjuncta var . fumigata kuznezov , 1903 ; revue russe ent . 3 : 76 ( repl . disjuncta var . luctuosa staudinger )
catocala retecta grote , 1872 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 4 : 4 ; tl : middle states [ usa ]
catocala luctuosa hulst , 1884 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 7 : 53 ; tl :
middle and western states
catocala chelidonia grote , 1881 ; papilio 1 ( 9 ) : 159 ; tl : prescott , [ yavapai co . ] , arizona
catocala clintoni grote , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 3 : 89 ; tl : eastern states [ usa ]
catocala lineella ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248 , f . 3f
catocala caerulea beutenmüller , 1907 ; bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 23 ( 36 ) : 938 ; tl : oregon
catocala stretchii var . margherita beutenmüller , 1918 ; lepidopterist 2 ( 9 - 10 ) : 65 ; tl : california , mendocino co .
catocala praeclara grote & robinson , 1866 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 6 : 25 ; tl : new york , usa
catocala grisatra brower , 1936 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 31 : 96 , f . 1 ; tl : georgia , athens
catocala dilecta laetita schawerda , 1931 ; zs . öst . entver . 16 ( fortsetzung ) : 35 ; tl : corsica , vizzavona , evisa
catocala fraxini legionensis gómez bustillo & vega escandon , 1975 ; shilap rev . lepid . 3 : 224 ; tl : leon , villanueva de carrizo
catocala nupta alticola mell , 1942 ; mitt . dt . ent . ges . 11 : 55 ; tl : batang , atuntse [ china ]
catocala lincolnana brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 34 , f . 3 ; tl : lincoln co . , arkansas
catocala dulciola grote , 1881 ; papilio 1 ( 1 ) : 5 ; tl : vicinity of dayton , [ montgomery co . ] , ohio
the reason why catocala eggs are occasionally deposited on plants upon which the larva cannot survive ; and a new variation ( lepid . , noctuidae )
catocala flebilis ; [ nacl ] , # 8782 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246
catocala vidua ; guenée , 1852 , hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 7 ( noct . 3 ) : 94
catocala minerva cassino , 1917 ; lepidopterist 1 ( 8 ) : 63 , pl . f . ; tl : utah , provo canyon , deer creek
catocala jessica h . edwards , 1877 ; proc . cal . acad . sc . : 1 ; tl : california , kern co . , havilah
catocala messalina ; [ nacl ] , # 8845 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260
catocala clintoni ; [ nacl ] , # 8872 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 245
catocala consors ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8772
catocala epione ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8773
catocala antinympha ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8775
catocala judith ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8781
catocala obscura ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8784
catocala sappho ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8786
catocala agrippina ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8787
catocala dejecta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8790
catocala vidua ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8792
catocala neogama ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8798
catocala aholibah ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8800
catocala ilia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8801
catocala relicta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8803
catocala unijuga ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8805
catocala irene ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8807
catocala luciana ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8808
catocala faustina ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8811
catocala hermia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8812
catocala pura ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8819
catocala hippolyta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8823
catocala babayaga ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8824
catocala jessica ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8825
catocala junctura ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8829
catocala texanae ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8830
catocala concumbens ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8833
catocala delilah ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8835
catocala andromache ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8836
catocala andromache wellsi johnson , 1981 ; j . research lepid . 20 : 245 , f . 1 ; tl : california , amador co . , jackson
catocala illecta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8840
catocala nuptialis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8842
catocala amestris ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8844
catocala gerhardi barnes & benjamin , 1927 ; can . ent . 59 : 8 ; tl : n [ ew ] , j [ ersey ] , lakehurst
catocala violenta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8853
catocala verrilliana var . ophelia h . edwards , 1880 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 2 : 95 ; tl : california , mendocino co .
catocala ultronia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8857
catocala crataegi ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8858
catocala johnsoniana brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 34 , f . 6 ; tl : kernville , kern co . , california
catocala grynea ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8864
catocala titania ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8868
catocala olivia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8870
catocala amica ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8878
catocala jair ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8879
catocala brandtii hacker & kaut , 1999 ; esperiana 7 : 430 - 431 , pl . 23 , f . 9 - 10 ; tl : iran , esfahan
catocala unicuba walker , [ 1858 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 13 : 1210 ; tl : india , n . hindostan
catocala concubia walker , [ 1858 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 13 : 1210 ; tl : india , n . hindostan
catocala nozawae matsumura , 1911 ; thous . ins . japan ( suppl . ) 3 : 88 , pl . 37 , f . 1 ; tl : japan
catocala puerpera ; [ ne10 ] : 103 , pl . 7 , f . 1 - 4 , gen . 56 , 154 ; [ ne12 ] , 234
catocala residua grote , 1874 ; proc . boston soc . nat . hist . 16 : 242 ; tl :
west farms / new york city
?
catocala retecta luctuosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8788a
catocala ilia zoe ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8801a
catocala marmorata edwards , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 ( 4 ) : 508 ; tl : ? [ error yreka , california ]
catocala irene valeria ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8807a
catocala cara carissima ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8832a
catocala andromache r . benjaminii brower , 1937 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 32 ( 5 ) : 185 ; tl : arizona , mojave co .
catocala californiensis brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 36 , f . 5 ; tl : valyermo , los angeles co . , california
catocala jansseni prout , 1924 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 3 ) : 453 , pl . 22 , f . 2 ; tl : china , ichang
catocala consors sorsconi barnes & benjamin , 1924 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 5 ( 3 ) : 174 ; tl : maine
catocala deducta ; [ ne10 ] : 102 , pl . 6 , f . 14 - 15 , pl . 11 , f . 32 , gen . 32 , 153
catocala elocata var . locata staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 327 ; tl : uzbek , taschkend , margelan
catocala nupta kansuensis o . bang - haas , 1927 ; horae macrolep . palaearct . 1 : 88 ; tl : w . liang - tschou , ricthofen mts , kansu
catocala robinsoni ; [ nacl ] , # 8780 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 4d
catocala erichi brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 36 , f . 4 ; tl : green valley creek , san bernardino mts . , california
catocala sordida ; [ nacl ] , # 8846 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 252 , f . 5c
catocala andromedae ; [ nacl ] , # 8849 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 256 , f . 6a
catocala verrilliana ; [ nacl ] , # 8852 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253 , f . 5d
catocala mira ; [ nacl ] , # 8863 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248 , f . 3g
catocala micronympha ; [ nacl ] , # 8876 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260 , f . 6g
catocala connubialis ; [ nacl ] , # 8877 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 258 , f . 6c
catocala remissa staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 328 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : ashabad
catocala thomsoni prout , 1924 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 3 ) : 452 , pl . 22 , f . 1 ; tl : n . china , tientsin
catocala alabamae grote , 1875 ; proc . acad . nat . sci . philad . 27 : 427 ; tl : demopolis [ marengo co . ] , ala [ bama ]
catocala shirozui sugi , 1982 ; tyô to ga , 32 ( 3 , 4 ) : 155 , f . 14 - 15 ; tl : taiwan , lishan , nantou - hsien
catocala nupta ; [ ne10 ] : 98 , pl . 6 , f . 6 - 7 , pl . 11 , f . 29 - 31 , gen . 50 , 148
catocala atocala brou , 1985 ; proc . entomol . soc . wash . 87 ( 4 ) : 889 - 892 ; tl : edgard , st . john the baptist parish , louisiana
catocala optata atlantica le cerf , 1932 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 37 ( 11 ) : 164 ; tl : morocco , moyen atlas , oed beni bou n ' sor
catocala puerpera centralasiae sheljuzhko , 1943 ; dt . ent . z . iris 57 : 56 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : trans - caspia , kyzl - anvat
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8864 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 261 , f . 6h ( = catocala alabamae ? )
catocala ixion druce , 1890 ; biol . centr . - amer . , lep . heterocera 1 : 360 , 3 pl . 31 , f . 2 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , xucumanatlan
catocala aestimabilis staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 330 , pl . 4 , f . 12 ; tl : xinjiang , kaschgar , kysil jart
catocala sultana a . bang - haas , 1910 ; dt . ent . z . iris 24 ( 3 ) : 42 , pl . 4 , f . 2 ; tl : tunis , ain draham
catocala contemnenda staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 329 , pl . 4 , f . 11 ; tl : [ xinjiang ] kashgar , kysil jart
catocala atocala ; gall , peacock & slotten , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 1 ) : 1 - 4 , f . 1a - b ( larva ) , c ( ova )
catocala callinympha duponchel , [ 1842 ] ; in godart , hist . nat . lépid . fr . ( suppl . ) 3 : 546 , pl . 46 , f . 4 ; tl : provence and dalmatia
? catocala nagansi sugi , 1982 ; tyô to ga , 32 ( 3 , 4 ) : 150 , f . 5 - 6 , gen . 12 ; tl : taiwan , between tachi and wenshan , taoyuan hsien
catocala lupina herrich - schäffer , [ 1851 ] ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 2 ( 47 ) : 409 , ( 19 ) ( ix ) pl . 46 , f . 234 - 235 ; tl : sarepta
catocala nupta nuptialis staudinger , 1901 ; in staudinger & rebel , cat . lepid . palaearct . faunengeb . , 1 : 248 ( preocc . walker , [ 1858 ) ) ; tl : altai , ala tau , ili , issyk kul
catocala innubens ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8770 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259
catocala muliercula ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8774 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260
catocala serena ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8779 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240
catocala angusi ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8783 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244
catocala insolabilis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8791 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259
catocala lacrymosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8794 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259
catocala nebulosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8796 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240
catocala marmorata ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8804 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239
catocala cara ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8832 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 257
catocala whitneyi ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8843 ; metzler , 1987 , j . lep . soc . 41 ( 4 ) : 212 - 213
catocala similis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8873 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240
catocala coccinata ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8851 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 245 , 2e
catocala briseis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8817 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 235 , f 1a
catocala piatrix ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8771 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 3j
catocala badia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8777 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244 , f . 2d
catocala habilis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8778 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 3d
catocala residua ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8785 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 4b
catocala retecta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8788 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 4c
catocala palaeogama ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8795 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260 , f . 6i
catocala subnata ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8797 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 252 , f . 5b
catocala umbrosa ; brou , 2002 , south . lep . news 24 : ( 48 - 50 ) ; brou , 2002 , south . lep . news 24 : 3 , insert c ; brou , 2002 , south . lep . news 24 : ( 85 - 86 )
catocala cerogama ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8802 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 257 , f . 6d
catocala parta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8806 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 261 , f . 6j
catocala californica ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8814 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239 , f . 1b
catocala semirelicta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8821 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 4f
catocala meskei ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8822 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248 , f . 3e
catocala frederici ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8837 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 3b
catocala chelidonia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8838 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244 , f . 2f
catocala abbreviatella ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8841 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 243 , f . 2a
catocala gracilis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8847 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239 , f . 1c
catocala praeclara ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8865 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 3h
catocala dulciola ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8871 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 2g
catocala minuta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8874 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239 , f . 1d
catocala coccinata sinuosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8851a ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 4h
catocala alabamae ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8869 ; brou , 1988 , j . lep . soc . 42 ( 2 ) : 117 , f . 3 - 4 , 7 - 8 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244 , f . 2b
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
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attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
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andreusia hampson , 1913 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 12 : 206 ( emend . andrewsia grote )
neu , siberia - far easts , altai , mongolia , ussuri , amurland . see [ maps ]
1400x915 ( ~ 229kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 3 . 8 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo © christian siegel
noctua agamos hübner , [ 1813 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 4 ] : pl . 122 , f . 525 ; tl : europe
900x564 ( ~ 83kb ) hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 11 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
1400x1006 ( ~ 219kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 28 . 6 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo © christian siegel
1400x928 ( ~ 237kb ) female greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1400m , n 39°46 ' 15
, e 20°48 ' 20
) , 8 . 7 . 2005 , mayr toni leg . , photo © christian siegel
1400x996 ( ~ 233kb ) male greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1170m , n 39°45 ' 45
, e 20°49 ' 00
) , 7 . 7 . 2005 , mayr toni leg . , photo © christian siegel
1000x574 ( ~ 81kb ) northern greece , axios delta , june 1995 , photo © dylan lloyd leg .
1100x834 ( ~ 118kb ) hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 14 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
1100x834 ( ~ 121kb ) underside hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 14 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
1200x695 ( ~ 178kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 30 . 7 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo © christian siegel
noctua disjuncta geyer , [ 1828 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 4 ] : pl . 159 , f . 741 - 742 ; tl : europe , fiume [ rijeka ]
ceu , seu , s . siberia - korea , n . china , japan . see [ maps ]
noctua electa vieweg , 1790 ; tabl . verz . brand . schmett . 2 : 33 ; tl : brandenburg region
900x564 ( ~ 86kb ) hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 12 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
1200x787 ( ~ 190kb ) italy : canero , 12 . 8 . 1986 e . o , mayr leg . , photo © christian siegel
ceu , seu , kazakhstan , n . africa , asia minor - uzbekistan . see [ maps ]
noctua nurus hübner , [ 1822 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 4 ] : pl . 143 , f . 655 - 656 ; tl : europe
1100x834 ( ~ 116kb ) hungary , hajdú - bihar county , debrecen , belterület , poroszlay út 103 , 02 . viii . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi leg .
1100x646 ( ~ 148kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 9 . 7 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo © christian siegel
1300x793 ( ~ 185kb ) greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1170m , n 39°45 ' 45
, e 20°49 ' 00
) , mayr toni leg . , photo © christian siegel
1300x893 ( ~ 185kb ) greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1170m , n 39°45 ' 45
, e 20°49 ' 00
) , mayr toni leg . , photo © christian siegel
eu - kazakhstan , siberia - far east , japan . see [ maps ]
900x438 ( ~ 117kb ) russia : moscow area , september , 2000 , photo © d . smirnov
1100x833 ( ~ 134kb ) hungary , borsod - abaúj - zemplén county , baskó , belterület , 13 . viii . 1999 , photo © tamás baranyi leg .
1011x721 ( ~ 139kb ) upperside russia , moscow area , 11 . 8 . 2010 ( 36°25 ' e , 56°23 ' n ) , photo © d . smirnov
974x540 ( ~ 108kb ) underside russia , moscow area , 11 . 8 . 2010 ( 36°25 ' e , 56°23 ' n ) , photo © d . smirnov
larva on populus tremula , betula sp . , fraxinus excelsior [ sprk ] , fraxinus , quercus , q . robur , tilia cordata , fagus , alnus , acer , ulmus , salix [ ne10 ] , 96 ( beck , anikin et al . )
seu , ceu , siberia - far east , korea , n . china . see [ maps ]
phalaena paranympha linnaeus , 1767 ; syst . nat . ( edn 12 ) 1 ( 2 ) : 842 ; tl : germany
1000x650 ( ~ 78kb ) hungary , borsod - abaúj - zemplén county , baskó , belterület , 04 . vii . 1999 , photo © tamás baranyi leg .
932x669 ( ~ 117kb ) russia , moscow area , 24 . 7 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov
larva on prunus spinosa , p . domestica , p . padus , crataegus monogyna , quercus [ ne10 ] , 86
ephesia fulminea chekiangensis mell , 1933 ; mitt . dt . ent . ges . , e . v . 4 : 64 ; tl : w . tienmoshan
seeu - s . urals , asia minor , altai mts . . see [ maps ]
900x564 ( ~ 77kb ) hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 11 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
900x564 ( ~ 71kb ) hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 20 . vii . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg .
ephesia largeteaui yunnana mell , 1936 ; ; tl : nw . yunnan , likiang
sw . russia , kazakhstan , e . turkey , iraq , armenia , kurdistan , afghanistan , altai mts . , s . siberia . see [ maps ]
phalaena neonympha esper , 1805 ; die schmett . , th . iv , bd . 2 ( abs . 2 ) ( 53 ) : 75 , ( abs . 1 ) ( 54 ) pl . 198 ( noct . 199 ) , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : sarepta region
mormonia neonympha variegata warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 303 , pl . 54 c ; tl : central asia
mormonia neonympha syriaca osthelder , 1933 ; mitt . münch . ent . ges . 23 : 93 ( preocc . ) ; tl : turkey , marasch
900x564 ( ~ 86kb ) hungary , gyqr - sopron county , sopron , köves - árok , 06 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , szabolcs sáfián , andrás ambrus leg . ( on bait )
1007x713 ( ~ 113kb ) russia , moscow area , 4 . 8 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov
1300x801 ( ~ 231kb ) austria : vorarlberg , oombirn , achmäander , a14 , 420m , 7 . 8 . 2006 , photo © christian siegel
larva on populus , p . nigra , populus x _ _ canadensis , salix , s . fragilis [ ne10 ] , 99
sweu - s . france , italy - greece , corsica , sicily , crete , n . africa , asia minor - afghanistan , kashmir . see [ maps ]
1200x763 ( ~ 176kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 4 . 7 . 1985 , siegel leg . , photo © christian siegel
ephesia nymphaea kashmirica warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 316 , pl . 57 b ; tl : india , kashmir
ephasia [ sic ] nymphaea kabuli o . bang - haas , 1927 ; horae macrolep . palaearct . 1 : 90 , pl . 11 , f . 8 ; tl : afghanistan , paghman mts .
ephesia nymphaea parigilensis kardakoff , 1937 ; arb . morphol . taxonom . ent . 4 : 191 ; tl :
hindukusch , parigil
900x564 ( ~ 71kb ) hungary , borsod - abaúj - zemplén county , aggtelek , béke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg .
900x564 ( ~ 73kb ) hungary , borsod - abaúj - zemplén county , aggtelek , béke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg .
900x564 ( ~ 72kb ) hungary , borsod - abaúj - zemplén county , aggtelek , béke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg .
900x564 ( ~ 67kb ) hungary , borsod - abaúj - zemplén county , aggtelek , béke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi , jános dobos , gábor szerényi leg .
900x564 ( ~ 72kb ) hungary , borsod - abaúj - zemplén county , aggtelek , béke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi , jános dobos , gábor szerényi leg .
neu - siberia - amurland , tibet , germany , poland . see [ maps ]
noctua pacta var . suecica esper , 1787 ; die schmett . , th . iv , bd . 1 ( 47 ) : 365 , ( 41 ) pl . 99b ( noct . 20b ) , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : stockholm
larva on salix , s . caprea , s . cinerea # , [ ne10 ] , 109
1000x684 ( ~ 141kb ) northern greece , axios delta , july 1995 , photo © dylan lloyd leg .
900x564 ( ~ 83kb ) hungary , hajdú - bihar county , hortobágy , pente - zug , 14 . vi . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi leg .
900x564 ( ~ 85kb ) hungary , borsod - abaúj - zemplén county , aggtelek , béke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi , jános dobos , gábor szerényi leg .
900x564 ( ~ 87kb ) hungary , borsod - abaúj - zemplén county , aggtelek , béke - barlang , 28 . vi . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi , jános dobos , gábor szerényi leg .
952x655 ( ~ 119kb ) russia : moscow area ( 36°25 ' e , 56°00 ' n ) , 20 . 07 . 2007 , photo © d . smirnov
1024x565 ( ~ 126kb ) upperside russia : moscow area ( 36°25 ' e , 56°00 ' n ) , 21 . 07 . 2007 , photo © d . smirnov
902x504 ( ~ 94kb ) underside russia : moscow area ( 36°25 ' e , 56°00 ' n ) , 21 . 07 . 2007 , photo © d . smirnov
seu , n . africa , asia minor , tibet , altai , china , kazakhstan , s . urals . see [ maps ]
900x564 ( ~ 80kb ) hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( nyúl - mály ) , 23 . vii . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi , szabolcs sum leg .
greece , macedonia , bulgaria , s . turkey , levante . see [ maps ]
catoala separata ; [ ne10 ] : 89 , pl . 4 , f . 49 - 52 , gen . 41 , 139
1100x834 ( ~ 125kb ) hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 16 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
1100x834 ( ~ 105kb ) underside hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 16 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
1100x834 ( ~ 114kb ) hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 15 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8770 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253 ( aberr . )
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8770 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 4e
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8775 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259 , f . 6f
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8778 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8781 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 247 , f . 3c
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8784 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 4g
larva on juglans nigra , j . cinerea , ( in lab . ) gall , peacock & slotten , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 1 ) : 1 - 4
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8792 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259 , f . 6e
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8793 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8795 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248 , f . 3i
= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 5a
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8796 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 4a
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8798 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 245 , f . 2i
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8801 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 262
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8802 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253
nova scoita , e . usa , oregon , colorado . see [ maps ]
larva on salix exigua , populus deltoides peacock & gall , 2001 , j . lep . soc . 54 ( 4 ) : 109 ( in laboratory )
: hudson ' s bay , albany river , st . martin ' s falls
: lake tahoe , sierra nevada ; sissons , shasta co . , california , new westminster , b . c .
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8822 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244
arizona , s . illinois , colorado , texas , e . usa . see [ maps ]
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8829 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240 , f . 1h
= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244
: center , [ albany co . ] , n [ ew ] y [ ork , usa ]
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8833 ( ab . ) ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253 ( ab . )
= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8835 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244
catolala mcdunnoughi browerarum johnson , 1981 ; j . research lepid . 20 : 247 , f . 2 ; tl : california , amador co .
nebraska , kansas , kentucky , illinois , s . manitoba . see [ maps ]
larva on amorpha fruticosa dodge , 1925 , entomol . news 36 : 267 - 268 , amorpha canescens ? metzler , 1987 , j . lep . soc . 41 ( 4 ) : 212 - 213
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8844 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244 , f . 2c
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8844 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253 , f . 5e
: centre , [ albany co . ] , n [ ew ] y [ ork , usa ]
= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240 , f . 1g
catocla charlottae brou , 1988 ; j . lep . soc . 42 ( 2 ) : 116 , f . 1 - 2 , 5 - 6 ; tl : 4 . 2mi ne abita springs , st . tammany parish , louisiana
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8873 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 2h
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8874 ( form ) ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240
= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 3a
na . georgia , new york , texas , florida . see [ maps ]
= ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 257 , f . 6b
[ dylan lloyd ] hafanedd , deiniol rd . , bangor , wales , u . k . , ll57 2up
the dates of e . j . c . esper ' s die schmetterlinge in abblidungen . . . 1776 - [ 1830 ] ; archives of natural history ( 1981 ) 10 ( 2 ) : 251 - 254
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
histoire naturelle des insectes . species général des lépidoptéres . tome septiéme . noctuélites . tome 3
histoire naturelle des lépidoptèrs ou papillons de france - supplement . nocturnes in godart ,
pacific coast lepidoptera , no . 15 . - description of a new species of
h . edwards , 1880 ; hulst in h . edwards , 1880 ; hulst , 1880 in h . edwards , 1880 ; meyer in h . edwards , 1880 ; strecker in h . edwards , 1880
die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . theil iv . die eulenphalenen
neuere beiträge zur schmetterlingskunde mit abbildungen nach der natur . ( 81 - 100 )
. iii . the types of william h . edwards , augustus r . grote and achille guenée
biologia centrali - americana ; or contributions to the knowledge of the fauna of mexico and central america . zoology . lepidoptera . heterocera
on the noctuidae of north america 6th ann . rep . peabody acad . sci .
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schwärmer , spinner und eulen , ( 1843 - ) 1845 ( - 1855 )
sammlung exotischer schmetterlinge , vol . 2 ( [ 1819 ] - [ 1827 ] )
catalogue des lépidopteres qui composent la colletction de feu mr . franck , [ 1825 ]
forsetzung der tabelle von de nachtvogein . iv . fortsetzung der dierten tabelle von de insecten , besonders von denen so genannten nacheulen als der zwoten klasse . der nachvögel hiesiger gegend
systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition
systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , . . . . editio duocecima reformata . tom . 1 . part ii .
scientific results of the second yarkand mission ; based upon the collections and notes of the late ferdinand stoliczka , phd . lepidoptera
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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the pyrenean rock lizard ( iberolacerta bonnali ) is a species of lizard in the family lacertidae .

it is endemic to the pyrenees where it occurs at high altitudes and is only active in summer .

pyrenean rock lizard

pyrenean rock lizard on wikipedia ( just a ' stub ' when linked ) .
pyrenean rock lizard close - up : note the pale throat and long toes ( cd ) .
pyrenean rock lizard , col de tentes , september 2015 ( jean dunn ) . note the long toes .
the pyrenean rock lizard is classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
the peak of thermoregulation effectiveness : thermal biology of the pyrenean rock lizard , iberolacerta bonnali ( squamata , lacertidae ) .
the pyrenean rock lizard is endemic to the central pyrenees mountains of france and spain ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 5 ) .
the peak of thermoregulation effectiveness : thermal biology of the pyrenean rock lizard , iberolacerta bonnali ( squamata , lacertidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
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arkive photo - pyrenean rock lizard on moss
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arkive photo - pyrenean rock lizard on moss
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arkive photo - pyrenean rock lizard on moss
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the rather uniform grey back of the pyrenean rock lizard is the best identification feature . it is darker on the flanks and has a pale throat .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
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) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
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arkive species - pyrenean rock lizard ( iberolacerta bonnali )
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arkive species - pyrenean rock lizard ( iberolacerta bonnali )
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arkive species - pyrenean rock lizard ( iberolacerta bonnali )
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iberolacerta bonnali differs from other pyrenean rock lizard species by the following characters : iberolacerta aranica has the three characteristic big masseteric scales . iberolacerta aurelioi frequently has a yellow underside .
the carpetane rock lizard is a small lizard with an exceptionally long tail almost twice the length of its body ! while young . . . more 3 images 0 videos
the pyrenean rock lizard iberolacerta bonnali is found in a restricted area in the central pyrenees , in both france and spain , that area being in the high pyrenees ( 1700 to 3000m ) just south of our french pyrenees base in gèdre ( see map here ) . it’s closely related to the iberian rock lizard and there are two further recently separated species , aran rock lizard iberolacerta aranica and aurelio ' s rock lizard iberolacerta aurelioi confined ( on present knowledge ) to mountain blocks a little farther east , towards andorra .
honeyguide has found the pyrenean rock lizard at col de tentes , where these photos were taken , and troumouse . as you might expect , a sunny day while soaking up heat on a rock is the best time to see this species .
like other west indian rock iguanas ( cyclura spp . ) , the northern bahamian rock iguana is a large and robust ' dinosaur - like ' lizard . . . more 6 images 0 videos
on this day , we went looking for the first out of three pyrenean endemic lizards . we walked from the ordesa car park towards the circo de cotatuero . along the river on some rocks , i was able to spot the first pyrenean rock lizard (
cirque de troumouse , september 2012 : pyrenean brook newt habitat ( cd ) .
more photos of pyrenean brook newts on www . euro . herp . com .
belonging to the lacertidae family , sometimes called the true lizards , the iberian rock lizard has a robust , flattened body with . . . more 3 images 0 videos
at the ibero - pyrenean suture zone reveals lowland barriers and high - elevation introgression .
the saint croix ground lizard is a small lizard characterised by a distinctive pattern of longitudinal stripes down its back and . . . more 8 images 0 videos
bahamas rock iguanas are part of a group of large , ' dinosaur - like ' lizards known as the west indian rock iguanas ( cyclora . . . more 6 images 0 videos
this species’ diet usually consists of grasshoppers , ladybirds , bees and spiders , which it catches by actively searching on the ground . the pyrenean rock lizard typically hunts around rocky ledges near to meadows and streams where its invertebrate prey is most abundant ( 2 ) .
found in only one tiny area in spain , the peña de francia rock lizard is probably one of the most threatened vertebrates in europe . . . . more 4 images 0 videos
described to science as recently as 1993 , the aran rock lizard is known only from a tiny area on the border of france and spain . . . . more 3 images 0 videos
the gila monster is the largest lizard in the united states , and one of only two species of venomous lizard in the world . it has . . . more 12 images 14 videos
mouret v , guillaumet a , cheylan m , pottier g , ferchaud al , et al . ( 2011 ) the legacy of ice ages in mountain species : post - glacial colonization of mountain tops rather than current range fragmentation determines mitochondrial genetic diversity in an endemic pyrenean rock lizard . j biogeogr 38 : 1717–1731 .
the pyrenean rock lizard is a large lizard growing to a snout - to - vent length of 6 cm ( 2 . 4 in ) with a tail about double its body - length . its dorsal colour is greyish - brown , sometimes finely flecked with dark markings but without significant striping . the flanks are dark , sometimes with slight pale flecking . the underparts are white , greyish or greenish . [ 4 ]
) that was found on the road . we drove on to france and visited another site for pyrenean rock lizard , near the lac de cap de long . it started to rain a bit . just as the rain stopped and the first sun beams came through , i caught an asp viper near lac d ' oredon .
) . we went from bagergue towards the estany de liat . from cabana des calhaus upwards , we could find a lot of aran rock lizards . another asp viper was caught and also common frog , palmate newt , fire salamander , common wall lizard and viviparous lizard were seen . of the latter , also eggs where found , as pyrenean populations are oviparous . on the road between salardu and bagergue , stefanie found a dead western whip snake (
the pyrenean rock lizard is assessed by the international union for conservation of nature as being
near threatened
. this is because , although the population seems to be stable and the lizard is present in a number of national parks and protected areas , it is vulnerable to disturbance to its habitat from skiing developments , the building of tracks and the overgrazing of cattle . it may also be affected in the future by climate change . [ 1 ]
vences , miguel ; rey , jorge ; puente , marta ; miramontes , calia ; dominguez , manuel . 1998 . high altitude record of the pyrenean lizard , lacerta bonnali . zeitschrift für feldherpetologie 5 : 249 - 251 .
abronia fuscolabialis ( mount zempoaltepec alligator lizard ) - status : endangered b1ab ( iii ) ver 3 . 1
abronia graminea ( terrestrial arboreal alligator lizard ) - status : endangered b1ab ( iii ) ver 3 . 1
) . afterwards , we continued our walk towards faja racón and then back down to the car park . along this walk , we saw some chamois and at a stream , we found again some pyrenean stream frog and pyrenean brook newt .
juvenile pyrenean rock lizards are usually uniform grey or greyish - brown on the back and tail , occasionally with some darker markings , while the belly is white with dark spots . on rare occasions the tail may have a bluish colouration ( 2 ) ( 3 ) .
abronia chiszari ( chiszar ' s arboreal alligator lizard ) - status : endangered b1ab ( iii ) ver 3 . 1
abronia matudai ( matuda ' s arboreal alligator lizard ) - status : endangered b1ab ( iii ) ver 3 . 1
pyrenean brook newts . top , head and tail if you look carefully , september 2012 . bottom , june 2012 ( cd ) .
mayer w , arribas o ( 1996 ) allozyme differentiation and relationship among the iberian - pyrenean mountain lizards . herpetozoa 9 : 57–61 .
milá b , surget - groba y , heulin b , gosá a , fitze ps . multilocus phylogeography of the common lizard
information on the lizard buzzard is currently being researched and written and will appear here . . . more 6 images 0 videos
acanthodactylus blanci ( blanc ' s fringe - toed lizard ) - status : endangered b1ab ( iii ) ver 3 . 1
mouret v , guillaumet a , cheylan m , pottier g , ferchaud al , crochet pa : the legacy of ice ages in mountain species : post - glacial colonization of mountain tops rather than current range fragmentation determines mitochondrial genetic diversity in an endemic pyrenean rock lizard . j biogeogr . 2011 , 38 : 1717 - 1731 . 10 . 1111 / j . 1365 - 2699 . 2011 . 02514 . x .
we moved on to our next stay , at the pn ordesa in spain . we stopped near urdos and found green lizard (
this species is found in rocky alpine habitats , such as stony meadows , rock outcrops and gravelly slopes . it is an egg - laying species .
information on the bronzeback snake - lizard is currently being researched and written and will appear here . . . more 2 images 0 videos
information on the african large - grain lizard is currently being researched and written and will appear here . . . more 13 images 0 videos
information on the african spiny - tailed lizard is currently being researched and written and will appear here . . . more 8 images 0 videos
restricted to theharsh , rocky mountain climate of the pyrenees , the pyrenean rock lizard inhabits alpine and subalpine habitats , including rocky slopes , outcrops and scree ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 5 ) . it is usually found in fairly sheltered habitats ( 3 ) , and may often be found close to alpine meadows , especially near lakes and mountain streams . it occurs between elevations of 1 , 580 and 3 , 060 metres ( 1 ) ( 2 ) .
the pyrenean rock lizard is found in france and spain in the pyrenees mountains at altitudes of between 1 , 700 and 3 , 000 metres ( 5 , 600 and 9 , 800 ft ) . its natural habitats are rocky crags and screes in limestone , slate and schist areas . it is frequently found on rocks close to alpine meadows and near torrents and glacial lakes . it is only active for a short period of the year in summer . [ 4 ]
the clanwilliam rock - catfish , found only in a few streams in south africa , belongs to the family of austroglanididae catfishes . . . more 3 images 0 videos
the specific name , bonnali , is in honor of the count of bonnal who collected amphibians and reptiles while living at montgaillard , hautes - pyrénées . [ 3 ] the aran rock lizard was initially included here as a subspecies , iberolacerta bonnali aranica , but is now considered a distinct species , iberolacerta aranica .
protected areas have long been considered one of the most effective tools to conserve biodiversity , but their effectiveness in securing species under rapid climate change is uncertain ( 6 ) . in total , around three - quarters of the pyrenean rock lizards range is afforded some level of protection by inclusion in a park , reserve or protected area ( 2 ) .
at lower altitudes in the french pyrenees , the more strongly marked common wall lizard podarcis muralis is , indeed , common . these were photographed in gèdre .
the san salvador iguana is a strikingly handsome lizard , exhibiting an impressive crest of spiny scales down its back and . . . more 7 images 0 videos
this medium - sized rodent was believed to be extinct until it was rediscovered in 1996 . these stocky rock - rats are yellowish - brown . . . more 5 images 1 video
the pyrenean rock lizard in listed on appendix iii of the bern convention , which aims to conserve the wild flora and fauna of europe and their natural habitats ( 1 ) ( 3 ) ( 7 ) . this species is found in a number of national parks , reserves and other protected areas , including ordesa - monte perdido and aigüestortes - estany de sant maurici national parks , the biosphere reserve of ordesa - viñamala and the the natural park of posets - maladeta in spain ( 1 ) ( 2 ) .
named after the place of its home , the pyrenean desman is a small aquatic insectivore closely related to moles , also known as the . . . more 6 images 1 video
the collared iguana is the most common lizard species in the western forests of madagascar and the largest species in the opluridae . . . more 8 images 0 videos
acanthodactylus schreiberi ( schreiber ' s fringe - fingered lizard ) - status : endangered a2c ; b2ab ( i , ii , iii , iv ) ver 3 . 1
the chinese crocodile lizard is so named for the appearance of its tail , which has an enlarged pair of scales running in two . . . more 9 images 1 video
the fiji banded iguana is a spectacularly beautiful , large , emerald - green lizard named for the highly distinctive , broad , vertical . . . more 13 images 0 videos
the fiji crested iguana is a large stocky lizard , which was first discovered in 1979 . dr john gibbons found the iguana whilst . . . more 5 images 3 videos
the spineless forest lizard is one of four calotes species endemic to sri lanka , which all share a common set of characteristics . . . . more 2 images 0 videos
arribas oj : morphological variability of the cantabro - pyrenean populations of zootoca vivipara ( jaquin , 1787 ) with description of a new subspecies . herpetozoa . 2009 , 21 : 123 - 146 .
this species ' alternative names , the barbary ape or rock ape are misleading ; for though it lacks a tail , as do apes , it is in fact . . . more 20 images 19 videos
the bermuda skink is a small robust lizard . the skin is shiny with conspicuous scales and adults are a dark brown / black colour . . . more 2 images 1 video
the chevron skink is new zealand ' s largest living endemic lizard and one of its rarest , and is named after its very distinctive . . . more 5 images 0 videos
while this peculiar reptile may look like a snake , it is actually a lizard . it lacks forelimbs but it does have tiny hindlimbs . . . more 1 image 0 videos
tennent ' s leaf - nosed lizard is one of five ceratophora species endemic to sri lanka , commonly known as ' horn - nosed . . . more 6 images 0 videos
staying in vicdessos , we went towards the port del rat . a first try didn ' t give exactly what we wanted ( though a lot of viviparous lizard , some common frog and a pyrenean brook newt ) . after a phone call to an omniscient informant , we realised that we had been looking in the wrong place and the next day , we went up the mountain once more - this time without the hyla people , as they went home already . this second time was a better try , as now we were able to spot a lot of aurelio ' s rock lizards (
this small lizard , from the harsh , rocky environment of the pyrenees , has grey - brown skin on its back , generally patterned with . . . more 3 images 0 videos
the brothers island tuatara is one of the oldest animals in the world today . it may look like a lizard but it belongs to the order . . . more 11 images 0 videos
the hierro giant lizard is a stocky reptile with a broad head and pronounced jowls ( flesh under the lower jaw ) . it is dark grey . . . more 1 image 0 videos
the pygmy lizard is one of 14 agamid species endemic to sri lanka . one of the slowest - moving reptiles in the country , the pygmy . . . more 1 image 0 videos
the sail - fin lizard is notable not only for its impressive size of up to a metre in length , but also for its rather spectacular . . . more 6 images 0 videos
this plump lizard can grow up to 60 centimetres , making it by far the largest of the chuckwallas ( sauromalus ) , and similar in size . . . more 9 images 0 videos
metallinou m , červenka j , crochet p - a , kratochvíl l , wilms t , geniez p , shobrak my , brito jc , carranza s . species on the rocks : systematics and biogeography of the rock - dwelling
mayer , werner ; arribas , oscar j . 1996 . allozyme differentiation and relationship among the iberian - pyrenean mountain lizards ( squamata : sauria : lacertidae ) . herpetozoa 9 ( 1 / 2 ) : 57¡61 .
two specimens of pyrenean brook newt from berga ( locality 8 in fig . 1 ) and one specimen of the new species from locality b1 from el montseny were stained with alizarin red and cleared in koh and glycerine .
) . at some ponds near delfia , we found plenty of spanish terrapin , the same amphibians plus larvae of western spadefoot . near the river of rabos , we saw a subadult ocellated lizard (
monasterio c , salvador a , iraeta p , díaz ja ( 2009 ) the effects of thermal biology and refuge availability on the restricted distribution of an alpine lizard . j biogeogr 36 : 1673–1684 .
the pyrenean brook newt euproctus asper ( or calotriton asper ) , also known as the pyrenean brook salamander , is found only in the pyrenees – in france , spain and andorra . it lives in cold mountain streams with stony beds , in lakes and sometimes in caves . here , at 700 to 2 , 500 metres ( 2 , 300 to 8 , 200 ft ) , it feeds on insects and other invertebrates and can itself be taken by trout .
odierna , gaetano ; aprea , gennaro ; arribas , oscar j . ; capriglione , teresa ; caputo , vincenzo ; olmo , ettore . 1996 . the karyology of the iberian rock lizards . herpetologica 52 ( 4 ) : 542 - 550 .
arnold en , arribas o , carranza s ( 2007 ) systematics of the palaearctic and oriental lizard tribe lacertini ( squamata : lacertidae : lacertinae ) , with descriptions of eight new genera . zootaxa 1430 : 1–86 .
the first seoane ' s viper ( vipera seoanei ) another one jan ( vdv , again the hyla gang leader ) shooting the viper a black one animal showing the so - called bilineata pattern the habitat . . . pyrenean stream frog ( rana pyrenaica )
) in the ibero - pyrenean region . the species has a broad eurasian distribution composed largely of viviparous lineages , yet individuals in this region belong to an oviparous lineage isolated from the nearest viviparous populations in the french massif central by a gap of unsuitable habitat [
citation : remón n , galán p , vila m , arribas o , naveira h ( 2013 ) causes and evolutionary consequences of population subdivision of an iberian mountain lizard , iberolacerta monticola . plos one 8 ( 6 ) : e66034 . urltoken
the molecular identity of all pyrenean populations of e . asper contrasts with the relatively high degree of morphological variation in body size , colour pattern , skin granulation and ecology that exists among them ( thorn , 1968 ; clergue - gazeau & martínez - rica , 1978 ; clergue - gazeau & bonnet , 1980 ; serra - cobo et al . , 2000a ) . as a result of these differences , many species , subspecies and forms of pyrenean brook newt have been described in the past , all of which are now considered synonyms of e . asper .
godinho r , mendonça b , crespo eg , ferrand n ( 2006 ) genealogy of the nuclear beta - fibrinogen locus in a highly structured lizard species : comparison with mtdna and evidence for intragenic recombination in the hybrid zone . heredity 96 : 454–463 .
zamudio kr , sinervo b ( 2003 ) ecological and social contexts for the evolution of alternative mating strategies . in : fox sf , mccoy jk , baird ta , editors . lizard social behavior . baltimore : the johns hopkins university press . 83–106 .
arnold , e . n . ; arribas , o . & carranza , s . 2007 . systematics of the palaearctic and oriental lizard tribe lacertini ( squamata : lacertidae : lacertinae ) , with descriptions of eight new genera . zootaxa 1430 : 1 - 86 .
arribas o and galán p . 2005 . reproductive characteristics of the pyrenean high - mountain lizards : iberolacerta aranica ( arribas , 1993 ) , i . aurelioi ( arribas , 1994 ) and i . bonnali ( lantz , 1927 ) . animal biology 55 ( 2 ) : 163 - 190 .
crochet , p . - a . ; o . chaline , y . surget - groba , c . debain and m . cheylan . 2004 . speciation in mountains : phylogeography and phylogeny of the rock lizards genus iberolacerta ( reptilia : lacertidae ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 30 ( 3 ) : 860 - 866 .
palanca , antonio ; rey , jorge ; riob≤ , antonio ; vences , miguel . 1997 . parapatry of two lizard species ( podarcis muralis , lacerta bonnali ) at circo de piedrafita ( alto aragón , pyrenees , spain ) . zeitschrift für feldherpetologie 4 : 208 - 210 .
in july 2004 , i went to the mountains in between france and spain , looking for several pyrenean herpetological endemics and some ( to me new ) species that live in the surrounding area . the first week of the trip , we joined the people from hyla , doing pretty much the same trip at the same time . during the second week , it was just the four of us - jan ( vdb ) , mieke , stefanie and myself . we found 35 species of amphibians ( 15 ) and reptiles ( 20 ) . all pyrenean endemics , known at the time , were observed and a high number of
arribas , o . j . and galán , p . ( 2005 ) reproductive characteristics of the pyrenean high - mountain lizards : iberolacerta aranica ( arribas , 1993 ) , i . aurelioi ( arribas , 1994 ) and i . bonnali ( lantz , 1927 ) . animal biology , 55 : 163 - 190 .
pinho c , harris dj , ferrand n : contrasting patterns of population subdivision and historical demography in three western mediterranean lizard species inferred from mitochondrial dna variation . mol ecol . 2007 , 16 : 1191 - 1205 . 10 . 1111 / j . 1365 - 294x . 2007 . 03230 . x .
paulo os , dias c , bruford mw , jordan wc , nichols ra : the persistence of pliocene populations through the pleistocene climatic cycles : evidence from the phylogeography of an iberian lizard . proc r soc lond b . 2001 , 268 : 1625 - 1630 . 10 . 1098 / rspb . 2001 . 1706 .
the main genetic split in mtdna corresponds generally to the french and spanish sides of the pyrenees as previously reported , in contrast to genome - wide aflp data , which show a major division between nw spain and the rest . both types of markers support the existence of four distinct and geographically congruent genetic groups , which are consistent with major topographic barriers . both datasets reveal the presence of three independent contact zones between lineages in the pyrenean region , one in the basque lowlands , one in the low - elevation mountains of the western pyrenees , and one in the french side of the central pyrenees . the latter shows genetic evidence of a recent , high - altitude trans - pyrenean incursion from spain into france .
this species is found in the central pyrenean mountains of france and spain . it was previously thought to be restricted to an area of about 25 km 2 of the mauberme massif , between the arán and ariége valleys , but in 2006 a new population was discovered in mont valier ( france ) . it occurs from 1 , 640 to 2 , 668 m asl .
taking an integrative approach , we have uncovered a very old diversification event that has resulted in a case of microendemicity in an arid mountain range . three morphologically and ecologically similar medium sized lizard species were shown to coexist in a very short and narrow mountain stretch of the northern tip of the hajar mountain range of approximately 140 km from north to south and 40 km from east to west ( 4 , 350 km
the distribution and age of major lineages is consistent with a pleistocene origin and a role for both the pyrenees and the cantabrian mountains in driving isolation and differentiation of z . vivipara lineages at large geographic scales . however , mountain ranges are not always effective barriers to dispersal , and have not prevented a recent high - elevation trans - pyrenean incursion that has led to asymmetrical introgression among divergent lineages . cytonuclear discordance in patterns of genetic structure and introgression at contact zones suggests selection may be involved at various scales . suture zones are important areas for the study of lineage formation and speciation , and our results show that biogeographic barriers can yield markedly different phylogeographic patterns in different vertebrate and invertebrate taxa .
additional fine - scale sampling at contact zones among lineages will also be needed to understand introgression dynamics at other areas , such as the beret site , where all individuals carry french mtdna and spanish ndna , or the contact zone in the western pyrenees between the blue and red clades detected at the ibañeta site , where individuals show blue central - pyrenean ndna , yet half of them carry red mtdna haplotypes . patterns at these individual sites are similar to those found at some sites in southern france , and a more thorough geographic context provided by finer - scale sampling will be needed to help determine whether they belong to active contact zones with ongoing introgression or instead represent populations left in the genetic wake of a contact zone that shifted away .
) . the pattern of haplotype frequency and distribution of the ne spain ( blue ) clade reflects higher haplotype diversity on the spanish side of the pyrenees than on the french side , where the relative frequency of haplotype “aa” is more pronounced . this pattern , together with the evidence for a recent population expansion in this lineage , suggests that the presence of spanish haplotypes on the french side is the result of a trans - pyrenean colonization of the french side . we estimated time since the population expansion from the distribution of pairwise differences among blue - clade haplotypes , which yielded a value of τ = 3 . 00 ( 95 % ci : 0 . 00 - 3 . 83 ) . applying a mutation rate of 0 . 01 s / s / myr per lineage , this value corresponds to a time since the expansion of 54 , 744 years , with confidence intervals between the present and 69 , 890 years ago .
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this species was formerly included in the genus lacerta , but is now included in iberolacerta , following carranza et al . ( 2004 ) , and based on evidence from arribas ( 1998 , 1999 ) , carranza et al . ( 2004 ) , harris et al . ( 1998 ) and mayer and arribas ( 2003 ) .
cox , n . and temple , h . j . ( global reptile assessment )
justification : listed as near threatened since although its area of occupancy is less than 2 , 000 km² , thus making the species close to qualifying for vulnerable , its population is probably reasonably stable .
this species is present in the central pyrenees mountains of france and spain . it ranges from 1 , 580 to 3 , 060 m asl .
it may be locally common in suitable habitat , being more abundant in subalpine habitats . the populations are fragmented by unsuitable habitat , but are probably stable .
this species is found in subalpine and alpine habitats and is most commonly found in rocky slopes , outcrops and similar areas , sometimes close to alpine meadows . it is an egg - laying species .
this species is possibly threatened by overgrazing of habitat by cattle , and is inferred to be threatened by future habitat loss through the development of ski resorts , lodges and hotels , the construction of roads and tracks , and the use of all terrain vehicles . it is additionally threatened by the possible development of hydroelectric projects and mining . it is also possible that this species will be significantly impacted by climate change .
this species is listed on appendix iii of the bern convention . in spain it is present in the national parks of ordesa - monte perdido and aigüestortes - estany de sant maurici , the biosphere reserve of ordesa - viñamala , the natural park of posets - maladeta and a number of other protected areas .
valentin pérez - mellado , marc cheylan , iñigo martínez - solano . 2009 .
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this species is also potentially threatened by overgrazing of its habitat by livestock , and by the destruction and fragmentation of its habitat due to human developments , including tourist resorts , road construction , hydroelectric projects and mining ( 1 ) ( 2 ) .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
endemic a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area . incubate to keep eggs warm so that development is possible . invertebrates animals with no backbone , such as insects , crustaceans , worms , molluscs , spiders , cnidarians ( jellyfish , corals , sea anemones ) , echinoderms , and others . ovoviviparous ovovivipary is a method of reproduction whereby the egg shell is weakly formed and young hatch inside the female ; they are nourished by their yolk sac and then ‘born’ live .
arribas , o . ( 2009 ) lagartija pirenaica - iberolacerta bonnali . in : salvador , a . , marco , a . ( eds . ) enciclopedia virtual de los vertebrados españoles . museo nacional de ciencias naturales , madrid .
losange . ( 2008 ) amphibiens et reptiles . editions artémis . chamalières , france .
carvalho , s . b . , brito , j . c . , crespo , e . j . and possingham , h . p . ( 2010 ) from climate change predictions to actions – conserving vulnerable animal groups in hotspots at a regional scale . global change biology , 16 ( 12 ) : 3257 - 3270 .
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arribas amo , oscar j . 1993 . estatus específico para lacerta ( archaeolacerta ) monticola bonnali lantz , 1927 ( reptilia , lacertidae ) . bol . r . soc . esp . hist . nat . ( sec . biol . ) 90 ( 1 - 4 ) : 101 - 112 .
arribas , o . j . 1997 . morfologia , filogenia y bibliografia de las lagartijas de alta montana de los pirineos [ microforma ] . tesis doctoral - universitat autònoma de barcelona . publicaciones de la universitat autònoma de barcelona , 08193 bellaterra ( barcelona ) , 353 pp . isbn 84 - 490 - 0830 - 1 .
arribas , o . j . 1999 . phylogeny and relationships of the mountain lizards of europe and near east ( archaeolacerta mertens , 1921 , sensu lato ) and their relationships among the eurasian lacertid radiation . russ . j . herpetol . 6 ( 1 ) : 1 - 22 .
arribas , oscar j . 2000 . taxonomic revision of the iberian ' archaeolacertae ' iii : diagnosis , morphology , and geographic variation of iberolacerta bonnali ( lantz , 1927 ) ( squamata : sauria : lacertidae ) . herpetozoa 13 ( 3 / 4 ) : 99 - 131 .
arribas , o . j . 1993 . intraspecific variability of lacerta ( archaeolacerta ) bonnali lantz , 1927 ( squamata : sauria : lacertidae ) . herpetozoa 6 ( 3 / 4 ) : 129 - 140 .
bensettiti , f . & gaudillat , v . 2004 . cahiers d ' habitats natura 2000 . connaissance et gestion des habitats et des espèces d ' intérêt communautaire . tome 7 . espèces animales . la documentation française . 353 pp .
berroneau , m . et al . 2010 . guide des amphibiens et reptiles d’aquitaine . association cistude nature , 180 pp .
carranza , s . ; e . n . arnold & f . amat . 2004 . dna phylogeny of lacerta ( iberolacerta ) and other lacertine lizards ( reptilia : lacertidae ) : did competition cause long - term mountain restriction ? . systematics and biodiversity 2 ( 1 ) : 57 - 77 .
engelmann , w . e . et al . 1993 . lurche und kriechtiere europas . neumann verlag ( radebeul , germany ) , 440 pp .
lantz , l . a . 1927 . quelques observations nouvelles sur l´herpétologie des pyrénées centrales . extrait de la revue d´histoire naturelle appliquée première partie , no . e et 2 : 1 - 14 . ( 13 - 11 )
lantz , l . a . 1927 . quelques observations nouvelles sur l´herpétologie des pyrénées centrales . extrait de la revue d´histoire naturelle appliquée première partie , no . e et 2 : 1 - 14 . ( 13 - 11 ) .
montori , albert ; gustavo a . llorente , miguel ángel alonso - zarazaga , óscar arribas , enrique ayllón , jaime bosch , salvador carranza , miguel ángel carretero , pedro galán , mario garcía - parís , david james harris , javier lluch , rafael márquez , josé antonio mateo , pilar navarro , manuel ortiz , valentín pérez mellado , juan manuel pleguezuelos , vicente roca , xavier santos , miguel tejedo . 2005 . lista patrón actualizada de la herpetofauna española . asociación herpetológica española , 45 pp .
pottier g . , paumier j . - m . , tessier m . , barascud y . , talhoët s . , liozon r . , d’andurain p . , vacher j . - p . , barthe l . , heaulmé v . , esslinger m . , arthur c . - p . , calvet a . , maurel c . & redon h . 2008 . atlas de répartition des reptiles et amphibiens de midi - pyrénées . les atlas naturalistes de midi - pyrénées . nature midi - pyrénées , toulouse , 126 pp .
pottier , g . 2001 . nouvelle donnée sur la limite occidentale de répartition du lézard des pyrénées iberolacerta bonnali ( lantz , 1927 ) ( sauria , lacertidae ) . bull . soc . herp . fr . 98 : 5 - 9 .
sindaco , r . & jeremcenko , v . k . 2008 . the reptiles of the western palearctic . edizioni belvedere , latina ( italy ) , 579 pp .
apart from mieke , jan and stefanie ( who put up with me for 2 weeks of massive madness ) and the hyla crew , i would like to thank some people who shared their knowledge on where to find one or several species : onésime prud ' homme , gilles pottier , marcus schmitt , pedro janssen , ferran bergalló , richard gonzalez , mario garcia - parís , hellin de wavrin , oscar j . arribas , javier blasco - zumeta , lasse bergendorf , anders selmer , jan van der voort , pascal dubois , henk strijbosch and especially pierre - andré crochet . helping with many localities and information , these people made our trip a true success .
stefanie and i picked up jan and mieke and we drove from gent ( belgium ) to mimizan ( france ) in the landes area . no real herping on this day , except for some marsh frogs (
) in a pond on one of the
aires
where we stopped .
) were present . we drove on , towards iraty forest , and started exploring some streams . soon several species where encountered : common frog (
) . just next to the campers , in some low shrub , peter found , thanks to the excellent weather conditions , 8 ( eight ! ) individuals of the species . we also found our first slow worms (
) near puyarruego , without any luck . we did - however - see the first large psammodromus (
we drove south and stopped near la granja d ' escarpe . it was really hot and there were no reptiles to be seen . some dragonflies and birds eased that pain . after picking a spot at a camp site in mequinenza , we drove towards a pond near ballobar , where we found viperine snake , iberian water frog and the large tadpoles of western spadefoot (
we met with javier blasco - zumeta in pina de ebro . he showed us the los monegros area and we learned a lot about all aspects of flora and fauna of the landscape ( for an impressive species database and much more on his enormous work please visit javier ' s
we went back north , to the area around rosas . we found spanish terrapin (
) , which turned out to be the only really missed species on this trip . apparently , conditions were too dry and a search at night near els estanys did not help , although it did bring a dead marbled newt (
we moved back into france . at the lac du salagou , we spent several hours trying to trap the shy water frogs and in the end we were 99 % sure ( intervomeral space etc . ) that we were dealing with graf ' s hybrid frog (
) . the photomodel - to - be sadly escaped my ( somewhat tired ) grasp , so no decent picture of the beast was made . we gave up , and after a divine meal in st - paul - trois - châteaux , we slept well . the next day , we drove home and , though it was very hot , we were lucky to encounter few traffic jams .
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department of animal biology , university of salamanca , campus miguel de unamuno , 37007 salamanca , spain . electronic address : zaidaortega @ usal . es .
department of animal biology , university of salamanca , campus miguel de unamuno , 37007 salamanca , spain .
within its distribution range , it co - occurs with zootoca vivipara and podarcis muralis . zootoca vivipara frequently shows a dark vertebral line which lacks in iberolacerta bonnali . furthermore , iberolacerta bonnali has a characteristic pointed snout . moreover , zootoca vivipara seems to prefer well - vegetated habits ( heathland ) instead of rocky areas – real syntopy should be rare .
podarcis muralis frequently shows a dark vertebral line which lacks in iberolacerta bonnali . furthermore , it has dark - spotted , frequently orange throat , whereas iberolacerta bonnali has an unspotted whitish throat . it seems that during the recent years , podarcis muralis has been occupying increasingly high altitudes . presumably , this leads to some crowding out of iberolacerta bonnali .
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it has a flattened appearance with rough - looking grey or brown skin , which has many granular nodules . the most distinctive feature – on most of those we’ve seen – is a bold yellow stripe along the back and tail , sometimes as a broken line , but there’s also a stripeless form .
we have been lucky enough to see them several times in the shallow streams in the french pyrenees at the cirque de troumouse . sometimes they swim in the open but they will hide under stones , which may mean a view of just a head or tail , as the photos on the right show .
just a hint of the lateral stripe on this newt , on the tail , june 2006 ( cg ) .
purple form of the large marsh grasshopper stethophyma grossum , also at troumouse , sept 2012 ( cd ) .
also see our nature notes on welsh poppies in the french pyrenees and elsewhere .
photographs on this page by honeyguide leaders ivan nethercoat ( in ) , chris gibson ( cg ) and chris durdin ( cd ) or as credited .
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of perfecting techniques ; in live mode . quite the same wikipedia . just better .
pérez - mellado , valentin ; cheylan , marc ; martínez - solano , iñigo ( 2009 ) .
iberolacerta bonalli
. the reptile database . www . reptile - database . org .
beolens , bo ; watkins , michael ; grayson , michael ( 2011 ) . the eponym dictionary of reptiles . baltimore : johns hopkins university press . xiii + 296 pp . isbn 978 - 1 - 4214 - 0135 - 5 . ( iberolacerta bonnali , p . 31 ) .
arribas oj , carranza s ( 2012 ) .
the type specimen of iberolacerta bonnali is stored in the natural history museum , london
. bull . soc . cat . d ' herp . ( butlettí de la societat catalana d ' herpetologia ) 20 : 124 - 125 .
lantz al ( 1927 ) .
quelques observations nouvelles sur l ' herpétologie des pyrénées centrales
. rev . hist . nat . appl . , paris 8 : 54 - 61 . ( lacerta monticola bonnali , new subspecies , p . 58 ) . ( in french ) .
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departament de biologia animal , universitat de barcelona , av . diagonal 645 , e - 08028 barcelona , spain
map showing the distribution range of the thyrrenian brook newts and the western brook newts ( shadowed areas ) . numbers refer to the following localities : 1 , el montseny . 2 , irati . 3 , vidrà . 4 , xixarella . 5 , vall d ' en bac . 6 , collada de tosses . 7 , font de l ' ús . 8 , berga . 9 , ordesa . 10 , monrepos . 11 , susqueda . 12 , vilanova de meià , 13 corsica . 14 , sardinia . additional data are given in table 1 .
in this paper , we use 1208 bp of mtdna , external morphology and osteology to assess the taxonomic status , biogeography and evolution of the european brook newts .
details of material and sequences used in the present study . numbers under locality code refer to geographical localities given in fig . 1 .
dna sequences were aligned using clustalx ( thompson et al . , 1997 ) with default parameters ( gap opening = 10 ; gap extension = 0 . 2 ) . all the cytb sequences had the same length and therefore no gaps were postulated . these sequences were translated into amino acids using the vertebrate mitochondrial code and no stop codons were observed , suggesting they were probably all functional . although some gaps were postulated in order to resolve length differences in the 12s rrna and 16s rrna gene fragments , all positions could be unambiguously aligned and were therefore included in the analyses .
three methods of phylogenetic analysis were employed for all three independent partitions and the combined dataset and their results compared . these were : maximum likelihood ( ml ) , bayesian analysis and maximum parsimony ( mp ) . modeltest v . 3 . 06 ( posada & crandall , 1998 ) was used to select the most appropriate model of sequence evolution for the ml and bayesian analyses of the independent partitions and the combined dataset , under the akaike information criterion . this was , in all four cases , the general time reversible model ( gtr ) taking into account the proportion of invariable sites ( i ) and the shape parameter alpha of the gamma distribution ( g ) . for the mp analyses , apart from an unweighted analysis ( ts = 1 , tv = 1 ) , independent analyses were also carried out for each dataset taking into account the observed transitions ( ts ) / transversions ( tv ) ratios and the presence of saturation in the cytb 3rd codon ts . these were : cytb ( ts = 1 , tv = 4 ) ; cytb ( 3rd codon ts = 0 , tv = 1 ) , 16s rrna ( ts = 1 , tv = 2 ) ; 12s rrna ( ts = 1 , tv = 2 ) ; combined analysis ( ts = 1 , tv = 4 and cytb 3rd codon ts = 0 ) .
both ml and mp analyses were performed in paup * v . 4 . 0b10 ( swofford , 1998 ) and included heuristic searches involving tree bisection and reconnection ( tbr ) branch swapping with 10 and 100 random stepwise additions of taxa , respectively . in the mp analyses gaps were included as a fifth state . reliability of the mp and ml trees was assessed by bootstrap analysis ( felsenstein , 1985 ) , involving 1000 replications for the mp analyses and 100 replications for the ml analyses .
topological incongruence among partitions was tested using the incongruence length difference ( ild ) test ( mickevich & farris , 1981 ; farris et al . , 1994 ) . in this test , 10 000 heuristic searches were performed after removing all invariable characters from the dataset ( cunningham , 1997 ) . to test for incongruence among datasets we also used a reciprocal 70 % bootstrap proportion ( mason - gamer & kellogg , 1996 ) or a 95 % posterior - probability threshold . topological conflicts were considered significant if two different relationships for the same set of taxa were both supported with bootstrap values ≥ 70 % or posterior - probability values ≥ 95 % .
topological constrains to test alternative topologies were constructed using macclade v . 4 . 0 ( maddison & maddison , 1992 ) and compared with optimal topologies using the shimodaira - hassegawa ( sh ) ( shimodaira & hasegawa , 1999 ) test implemented in paup * 4 . 0b10 ( swofford , 1998 ) .
ml estimates of divergence times for the combined dataset were obtained after discovery of lineage rate constancy across the tree using the likelihood ratio test ( huelsenbeck & crandall , 1997 ) . the error associated with finite sampling of nucleotides for reconstructing branch lengths was calculated by a three - step non - parametric bootstrap procedure ( efron & tibshirani , 1993 ) : ( 1 ) 100 data matrices were generated using the seqboot program in phylip 3 . 57 , ( 2 ) the matrices were imported into paup * 4 . 0b10 and 100 trees with branch lengths were obtained using the gtr + i + g model of sequence evolution ( see above ) and the tree of figure 2 as a constraint , and ( 3 ) trees with branch lengths were transformed into trees with node times using treeedit v . 1 . 0 . the different values across the 100 trees were used to calculate the average and the standard deviation for the relevant nodes .
x - rays images used in the osteological comparisons were taken in a dedicated facility of the natural history museum , london following specific protocols optimized for urodeles . in total , 69 specimens belonging to the salamandridae and covering the whole geographical distribution of the western brook newts were x - rayed ( see appendix 2 ) .
to calibrate the phylogenetic trees , we used the methods described above ( see material and methods ) and an internal calibration point based on the assumption that divergence between pleurodeles waltl michahelles , 1830 and the ancestor of both north african p . poireti ( gervais , 1835 ) and p . nebulosus ( guichenot , 1850 ) was initiated by a vicariance event at the end of the messinian salinity crisis , approximately 5 . 3 mya , when the opening of the strait of gibraltar separated european and african populations of pleurodeles ( carranza & arnold , 2004 ; carranza & wade , 2004 ) .
the results of the combined analyses for the combined dataset are presented in figure 2 and all the different methods employed clearly indicate that euproctus is polyphyletic . to test this result , the log likelihood of the ml tree presented in figure 2 ( −6882 . 664 ) was compared with the log likelihood of an ml tree constrained so that euproctus was monophyletic ( −6954 . 332 ) . the results of the sh test showed that the constrained tree is significantly different , having a significantly worse log likelihood value than the unconstrained solution ( diff - ln l = 71 . 66744 ; p < 0 . 001 ) , and hence the tree in figure 2 , where euproctus is polyphyletic , is consequently preferred .
by contrast , the tyrrhenian brook newts form a highly supported monophyletic group ( 100 % in all analyses ) with unresolved affinities to mesotriton and lissotriton . our data support e . montanus and e . platycephalus having diverged from each other approximately 5 . 5 mya , a date that coincides with the end of the messinian salinity crisis and the refilling of the mediterranean sea ( see carranza & arnold , 2004 ) .