romanogobio uranoscopus , alternatively known as the danubian longbarbel gudgeon , danubian gudgeon , danube gudgeon or the steingressling , is a european species of freshwater cyprinid fish .

it can be found in austria , bulgaria , croatia , czech republic , germany , hungary , italy , romania , serbia and montenegro , slovakia , slovenia and ukraine .

romanogobio uranoscopus

romanogobio frici ( species ) , gobio frici ( synonym ) , romanogobio frici ( vladykov , 1925 ) ( synonym ) , romanogobio uranoscopus frici ( synonym ) .
romanogobio uranoscopus sampling stations location ; gis support danci o . | download scientific diagram
romanogobio uranoscopus ( agassiz , 1828 ) . isis ( oken ) v . 21 1048 pl . 12 ( fig . 1a - d ) . sinonimo senior , nuova combinazione , nomenclatura iczn valida .
gobio uranoscopus uranoscopus ( agassiz , 1828 ) . isis ( oken ) v . 21 1048 pl . 12 ( fig . 1a - d ) . sinonimo senior , nuova combinazione , nomenclatura iczn non valida .
the condition of aquatic habitats typically occupied by romanogobio uranoscopus within the maramureş mountains natural park fluctuates , in the best cases , between reduced to average . good or excellent conservation status is now absent for populations of this species in the researched area . the identified human impact types ( poaching , minor riverbeds morphodynamic changes , solid and liquid natural flow changes , destruction of the riparian vegetation and bush vegetation , habitat fragmentation / isolation of population , organic and mining pollution and displaced fish that are washed away during the periodic flooding in the lotic sectors uniformized by humans ) are contributing to the diminished ecological state of romanogobio uranoscopus habitats and for that reason populations . romanogobio uranoscopus is now considered a rare species in the studied basin but where this species was specified as missing , it has been registered with a restorative potential .
gobio frici vladykov , 1925 . über einige neue fische aus der tschechoslowakei ( karpathorussland . ) . zool . anz . 248 - 252 ; v . 64 , 249 . sinonimo junior , combinazione originale , nomenclatura iczn non valida . opinioni - sinonimo di gobio uranoscopus ( agassiz 1828 ) , ma discutibile come valida sottospecie , secondo lelek 1987 : 197 , banarescu et al . 1999 : 183 , 189 . sinonimo di gobio uranoscopus ( agassiz 1828 ) , per berg 1949 : 651 , kottelat 1997 : 62 . sinonimo di romanogobio uranoscopus ( agassiz 1828 ) . località tipo : fiume teresovka , affluente del fiume tisza , nei pressi del villaggio di podplesa , ucraina . tipo : nessuno . sintipi : ( 3 ) collocazione attuale ignota .
gobio uranoscopus ( agassiz , 1828 ) . isis ( oken ) v . 21 1048 pl . 12 ( fig . 1a - d ) . sinonimo senior , nuova combinazione , nomenclatura iczn non valida .
gobio uranoscopus frici vladykov , 1925 . zool . anz . v . 64 , 249 . nuova nomenclatura per
gobio frici
vladykov , 1925 . sinonimo junior , combinazione originale , nomenclatura iczn non valida .
naseka , a . m . and j . freyhof , 2004 romanogobio parvus , a new gudgeon from river kuban , southern russia ( cyprinidae , gobioninae ) . ichthyol . explor . freshwat . 15 ( 1 ) : 17 - 23 .
cyprinus uranoscopus agassiz , 1828 . beschreibung einer neuen species aus dem genus
cyprinus
linn . isis ( oken ) 1046 - 1049 ; v . 21 1048 pl . 12 ( fig . 1a - d ) . sinonimo senior , combinazione originale , nomenclatura iczn non valida . opinioni - nomenclatura valida come gobio uranoscopus ( agassiz 1828 ) , secondo berg 1949 : 651 , lelek 1987 : 197 , naseka 1996 : 159 , kottelat 1997 : 62 , banarescu et al . 1999 : 183 , naseka 2001 : 1380 , vassilev & pehlivanov 2005 : 169 . nomenclatura valida come romanogobio uranoscopus ( agassiz 1828 ) , per naseka & freyhof 2004 : 21 . catalogo : kottelat 1984 : 148 . lectotipo designato da banarescu 1970 : 165 . località tipo : fiume isar vicino a munich , germania . tipo : mnhn 5825 . paralectotipi : mhnn 0955 ( 5 ) ; zmb 3305 ( 4 ) .
id 425706 taxonomy ; de romanogobio frici ( species ) . pa 327682 ( parent id ) cc synonym = gobio frici cc synonym = romanogobio frici ( vladykov , 1925 ) cc synonym = romanogobio uranoscopus frici cc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cc this entry is a placeholder for the corresponding entry in the ncbi cc taxonomy urltoken cc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - / /
1 . bănăduc d . , 2007 – gobio uranoscopus , in combroux i . , thieri e . and toia t . ( eds ) caiet de habitate şi specii – fişe pilot , edit . balcanic , timişoara , românia , isbn 978 - 3 - 85742 - 6 - 7 . ( in romanian )
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justification : the species is widespread and still frequent in suitable habitats ( fast flowing rivers ) in the danube drainage . however the species is particularly sensitive to pollution and damming and is locally threatened . it is suspected that the population has been declining and will continue to do so as more dams , particularly on small rivers , are built within the danube basin , but not at a rate that will qualify the species for a threatened or near threatened category .
danube drainage ( absent from danube main river except upper course and stretches with fast current ) .
still frequent in suitable habitats in the danube drainage . though the population has declined , it is extirpated from the upper danube ( 1830s ) .
habitat : riffles of small , fast - flowing rivers and bottom of large rivers with water velocities of 0 . 7 m / s and more , stone bottom , in submontane zone . young individuals prefer slow currents and shallow shoreline habitats with sand bottom . spawns in shallow habitats with very high current ( about 1 m / s ) . biology : in laboratory , spawns several times between late may and mid - september , at temperatures above 11°c . males wait for females at spawning sites . to spawn , both sexes move to surface or open water . eggs drift with current , sink to bottom and then stick to substrate . adults are nocturnal and solitary , juveniles are active at day . no data on food in the wild .
the species is sensitive to pollution and damming and is locally threatened . the population is expected to continue to decline with on - going economic development .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
nomi comuni esteri - portoghese - góbio - do - danúbio . inglese - danube gudgeon , danubian gudgeon , danubian longbarbel gudgeon . tedesco - gräßling , steingressling , steinkresse , steinkreßling , wapper . danese - donaugrundling . svedese - stenkrypare . finnico - kivitörö . russo - dunaiskii dinnousyi peskar ' , dunaiskii dlinnousyi peskar , peskar ' - verkhoglyad , pichkur dunaiskyi dovgousyi , pichkur dunaiskyi dovgousyi . polacco - kielb dlugowasy . repubblica ceca - hrouzek dlouhoploutvý . hrouzek dlouhovousý . slovacchia - hrúz fúzatý . ungherese - felpillantó külló . rumeno - porcusor de vad , chetrar , petroc . estonia - pikapoiseline roomarünt . cinese - 望天鮈 wàng tiān jū .
- kottelat , m . , 1997 . european freshwater fishes . . biologia 52 , suppl . 5 : 1 - 271 . pagina 62 .
la specie è diffusa nelle aree collinari e montane del bacino danubio , dall ' austria alla moldavia e dalla slovacchia alla bulgaria fino all ' ucraina meridionale .
anon . , 1999 fish collection database of the natural history museum , london ( formerly british museum of natural history ( bmnh ) ) . natural history museum , london ( formerly british museum of natural history ( bmnh ) ) .
anon . , 2000 the icthyological collection of the zoological museum hamburg ( zmh ) . division of icthyology and herpetology , zoological museum hamburg ( zmh ) .
anon . , 2001 fish collection database of the national museum of natural history ( smithsonian institution ) .
anon . , 2001 fish collection database of the zoological museum , university of copenhagen . zoological museum , university of copenhagen .
anon . , 2002 fish collection database of the american museum of natural history . american museum of natural history , central park west , ny 10024 - 5192 , usa .
anon . , 2003 fish collection of the royal ontario museum . royal ontario museum .
arkhipchuk , v . v . , 1999 chromosome database . database of dr . victor arkhipchuk .
baillie , j . and b . groombridge ( eds . ) , 1996 1996 iucn red list of threatened animals . iucn , gland , switzerland . 378 p .
banarescu , p . , 1964 fauna republicii populare romîne . volumul xiii . pisces - osteichthyes ( pesti ganoizi si osisi ) . editura academiei republicii populare romîne , bucuresti . 962 p .
baruš , v . and o . oliva ( eds . ) , 1995 mihulovci a ryby .
fauna r a sr . ( cyclostomata and fishes . fauna of czech republic and slovakia ) . sv . 28 academia praha .
berg , l . s . , 1964 freshwater fishes of the u . s . s . r . and adjacent countries . volume 2 , 4th edition . israel program for scientific translations ltd , jerusalem .
carausu , s . , 1952 tratat de ihtiologie . edit . acad . r . p . r . , bucurest . 802 p .
eschmeyer , w . n . , 1996 pisces . eschmeyer ' s pisces database , published on the internet in november 1996 , url : urltoken .
eschmeyer , w . n . , editor , 2005 catalog of fishes . updated database version of may 2005 .
fish . vol . 4 , life of animals . v . e . sokolov ( ed . ) , moscow : prosveschenie . 575p .
gerstmeier , r . and t . romig , 1998 die süßwasserfische europas : für naturfreunde und angler . franckh - kosmos verlag , stuttgart , germany . 368 p .
grabda , e . and t . heese , 1991 polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby . cyclostomata et pisces . wyzsza szkola inzynierska w koszalinie . koszalin , poland . 171 p .
hanel , l . and j . novák , 2002 ceské názvy zivocichu v . ryby a ryboviti obratlovci ( pisces ) 3 . , maloústí ( gonorhynchiformes ) - máloostní ( cypriniformes ) . národní muzeum ( zoologické oddelení ) , praha .
hilton - taylor , c . , 2000 2000 iucn red list of threatened species . iucn , gland , switzerland and cambridge , uk . xviii + 61 p .
hureau , j . - c . , 1991 la base de données gicim : gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du muséum . p . 225 - 227 .
in atlas preliminaire des poissons d ' eaux douce de france . conseil supérieur de la pêche , ministère de l ' environment , cemagref et muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , paris .
iacob , l . and i . dima , 2006 regnul animalia . eukarya . enciclopedia florei si faunei din romania .
keresztessy , k . , 1993 a magyar halfjok védettségének új szabályosása . halászat 86 ( 3 ) : 114 - 116 .
klinkhardt , m , m . tesche and h . greven , 1995 database of fish chromosomes . westarp wissenschaften .
kottelat , m . , 1997 european freshwater fishes . biologia 52 , suppl . 5 : 1 - 271 .
monnerjahn , u . , 1999 freshwater fishes of germany . a checklist compiled from german fischkataster of the bundesländer and from the german ' rote liste ' .
movchan yu . v . and a . i . smirnov , 1981 fauna of ukraine . fishes . cyprinid fishes ( roach , dace , minnow , rudd , grass carp , asp , verchovka , tench , undermouth , gudgeon , barbel ) . ( fauna ukrainy . ryby . koropovi ( plitka , yalets , golijan , krasnopirka , amur , bilyzna , verkhova , lyn , chebachok amurskyi ) . kiev , naukova dumka publishing house , 8 ( 2 ) part 1 .
muus , b . j . and p . dahlstrøm , 1990 europas ferskvandsfisk . gec gads forlag , københavn . 224p .
raicu , p . e . taisescu , and a . gristian , 1972 diploid chromosome complement of the carp . cytologia 37 : 355 - 358 .
raicu , p . e . taisescu , and p . banarescu , 1973 a comparative study of the karyotype in the genus gobio ( pisces , cyprinidae ) . cytologia 38 : 731 - 736 .
ricker , w . e . , 1973 russian - english dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology . fisheries research board of canada , ottawa .
robins , c . r . , r . m . bailey , c . e . bond , j . r . brooker , e . a . lachner , r . n . lea and w . b . scott , 1991 world fishes important to north americans . exclusive of species from the continental waters of the united states and canada . am . fish . soc . spec . publ . ( 21 ) : 243 p .
sanches , j . g . , 1989 nomenclatura portuguesa de organismos aquáticos ( proposta para normalizaçao estatística ) . publicaçoes avulsas do i . n . i . p . no . 14 . 322 p .
smolian , k . , 1920 merkbuch der binnenfischerei . fischereiförderung gmbh , berlin , germany , p . 449 , xxv .
sokolov , l . i . and l . s . berdicheskii , 1989 acipenseridae . p . 150 - 153 . in j . holcík ( ed . ) the freshwater fishes of europe . vol . 1 , part ii . general introduction to fishes acipenseriformes . aula - verlag wiesbaden . 469 p .
swedish museum of natural history , 1999 nrm ichthyology collection database . ichthyology section , department of vertebrate zoology , swedish museum of natural history , stockholm , sweden .
vasil ' ev , v . p . , 1980 chromosome numbers in fish - like vertebrates and fish . j . ichthyol . 20 ( 3 ) : 1 - 38 .
vilcinskas , a . , 1993 einheimische süsswasserfische : alle arten : merkmale , verbreitung , lebensweise . naturbuch verlag , augsburg , germany , 207 p .
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1 “lucian blaga” university of sibiu , applied ecology research centre , dr . ion raţiu street 5 - 7 , sibiu , sibiu county , romania , ro - 550012 , ad . banaduc @ urltoken
2 “lucian blaga” university of sibiu , faculty of sciences , dr . ion raţiu street 5 - 7 , sibiu , sibiu county , romania , ro - 550012
2 . bănăduc d . , prots b . and curtean - bănăduc a . ( eds ) , 2011 – the upper tisa river basin ,
3 . bănărescu p . m . , 1964 − fauna r . p . române , pisces - osteichthyes , xiii , edit . academiei române , 959 . ( in romanian )
5 . curtean - bănăduc a . and bănăduc d . , 2012 ‒ aspecte privind impactul deversării apelor uzate asupra sistemelor ecologice lotice receptoare , în apa resursă fundamentală a dezvoltării durabile . metode şi tehnici neconvenţionale de epurare şi tratare a apei , ii , edit . universităţii „lucian blaga” din sibiu , isbn 978 - 973 - 739 - 569 , 121 - 157 . ( in romanian )
8 . romanescu g . , miftode d . , pintilie mihu a . , stoleriu c . c . and sandu i . , 2016 – water quality analysis in mountain freshwater : poiana uzului reservoir in the eastern carpathians ,
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barcode of life data systems ( bolds ) stats public records : 0 specimens . . .
danube drainage ( absent from danube main river except upper course and . . .
habitat : riffles of small , fast - flowing rivers and bottom . . .
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conservation status assesses every six years and for each biogeographical region the condition of habitats and species compared to the favourable status as described in the habitats directive . the map shows the 2007 - 2012 assessments as reported by eu member state . assessments are further detailed in the summary document available behind the link below .
: the species is viable and maintaining itself on a long - term basis , its natural range is not reduced , and it has a sufficient large habitat .
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you selected góbio - do - danúbio ( portuguese ) . this is a common name for :
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c42d7 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3257953e - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32579fd6 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3617988d - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
europe : danube drainage ( absent from danube main river except upper course and stretches with fast current ) . in appendix iii of the bern convention ( protected fauna ) .
froese r . & pauly d . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase ( version feb 2018 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 631f4fcd - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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transylvanian review of systematical and ecological research ; sibiu vol . 19 , iss . 1 , ( 2017 ) : 71 - 84 .
the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2018 - 1 . < urltoken > . downloaded on 09 july 2018 .
eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]


epipsestis mediofusca is a moth in the drepanidae family .

it is found in nepal and china ( tibet ) .

the wingspan is about 31 mm .

the forewings are pale greyish ochreous , tinged with dark fuscous brown on the median area and with dark greyish ocher beyond the postmedian line .

the hindwings are dark fuscous grey , with the basal half slightly paler .

epipsestis mediofusca

this is the place for mediofusca definition . you find here mediofusca meaning , synonyms of mediofusca and images for mediofusca copyright 2017 © urltoken
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epipsestis witti ( laszlo , g . ronkay & l . ronkay , 2007 )
epipsestis wernyi ( laszlo , g . ronkay , l . ronkay & witt , 2007 )
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epipsestis ornata ( leech , [ 1889 ] ) = polyploca ornata leech , [ 1889 ] = polyploca concolor leech , 1888 = sugiploca sugitanii matsumura , 1933 .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
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demopsestis yoshimotoi ( laszlo , g . ronkay , l . ronkay & witt , 2007 )
horipsestis kisvaczak ( laszlo , g . ronkay , l . ronkay & witt , 2007 )
neotogaria baenzigeri ( laszlo , g . ronkay , l . ronkay & witt , 2007 )
neotogaria thomaswitti ( laszlo , g . ronkay & l . ronkay , 2007 )
parapsestis cinerea ( laszlo , g . ronkay , l . ronkay & witt , 2007 )
parapsestis dabashana ( laszlo , g . ronkay , l . ronkay & witt , 2007 )
parapsestis hausmanni ( laszlo , g . ronkay , l . ronkay & witt , 2007 )
parapsestis implicata ( laszlo , g . ronkay , l . ronkay & witt , 2007 )
parapsestis wernyaminta ( laszlo , g . ronkay , l . ronkay & witt , 2007 )
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parischnogaster jacobsoni is a species of social wasp within parischnogaster , the largest and least known genus of stenogastrinae .

it is distinguished mainly by its tendency to construct ant guards on its nests .

natural selection has led this wasp to have a thick substance emitted from its abdominal glands that allows it to protect its nest from invasions .

parischnogaster as a genus has been relatively unstudied ; p. jacobsoni is one of the few investigated species because it has sufficient durability to live near human populations and it has demonstrated unusual resilience to pollution .

while p. jacobsoni is a more complex organism than other wasps in parischnogaster , the genus overall is relatively primitive with respect to social wasps as a whole .

parischnogaster jacobsoni

the dufour gland and the secretion placed on eggs of 2 species of social wasps , liostenogaster - flavolineata and parischnogaster - jacobsoni ( vespidae , stenogastrinae ) .
laboratory observations on the social behaviour of parischnogaster alternata ( vespidae stenogastrina . . .
buysson r du . 1913 . ischnogaster jacobsoni . bulletin de la musee d’histoire naturelle de paris 7 : 436 .
colonial cycle of parischnogaster nigricans serrei ( du buysson ) in west java ( hymenoptera stenogastr . . .
parischnogaster jacobsoni , studied in malaysia , presents long linear nests and haplometrotic nest foundation . in mature colonies more than one fertilized female and at least one potential egg layer can be found . dominance - subordinance interactions are correlated with the reproductive potential of the females and with the division of labour . this species resembles parischnogaster nigricans serrei , studied in java , in its biology , nest architecture and social organization .
sakagami sf . 1969 . parischnogaster alternata in yoshikawa k , ohgushi r , sakagami sf , eds . nature and life in southeast asia 6 : 155 .
parischnogaster jacobsoni , qui a été étudiée en malaisie , a de longs nids linéaires et présente une fondation du nid haplométrotique . dans les colonies mûres on retrouve communément plus d ' une femelle fertilisée et au moins une femelle qui peut pondre . les interactions de dominance - subordination sont liées au potentiel reproductif des femelles et à la division du travail . la biologie , l ' architecture du nid et l ' organisation sociale de cette espèce ressemblent à celles de parischnogaster nigricans serrei , qui a été étudiée à java .
summary parischnogaster jacobsoni , studied in malaysia , presents long linear nests and haplometrotic nest foundation . in mature colonies more than one fertilized female and at least one potential egg layer can be found . dominance - subordinance interactions are correlated with the reproductive potential of the females and with the division of labour . this species resemblesparischnogaster . . . [ show full abstract ]
cluster analysis , provided a dendrogram based on wing shape ( fig . 6 ) largely congruent with the tree obtained by cladistic studies ( carpenter , 1988 ) , with the genera eustenogaster and liostenogaster branched from parischnogaster and metischnogaster . however the cluster analysis grouped the eustenogaster species with the liostenogaster ones , while in the cladogram ( carpenter , 1988 ) , liostenogaster is sister to all other genera . as consequence of this layout liostenogaster species are split in two groups and some of them ( l . campanulae , l . flavolineata , l . pardii and l . vechti ) appeared nearer to the eustenogaster ones than to the congeneric l . topoghaphica and l . nitidipennis ( fig . 6 ) . moreover , the parischnogaster species are readily sub - grouped in p . alternata and p . striatula ( both belonging to the striatula - group ) and p . jacobsoni , p . mellyi and parischnogaster sp . ( all belonging to nigricans - group ) ( fig . 6 ) .
the secretion placed on eggs and fed to larvae and the “ant guard” placed on the nest stalk of parischnogaster jacobsoni contain the same hydrocarbons and in approximately the same proportions as is found in the dufour gland . the secretion on eggs is a mixture of the contents of the dufour gland and nectar . the emulsifying agent is a palmitic acid salt . similarly , in liostenogaster flavolineata , the egg secretion is an emulsion of nectar and dufour gland secretion , which contains alkoxyethanol emulsifiers , found in nature for the first time .
. . . seven genera are currently recognized in the subfamily ( carpenter , 2001 ) , and the late j . van stenogastrinae ; however , he died in 1992 before having completed the revisions of eustenogaster van der vecht , 1969 , liostenogaster van der vecht , 1969 , and parischnogaster von schulthess , 1914 . the revisions of these genera that van der vecht began were taken over by c . k . starr on parischnogaster and by s . turillazzi on liostenogaster , but descriptions of only liostenogaster species have appeared ( turillazzi , 1988 ( turillazzi , , 1999turillazzi and carfi , 1996 ) . . . .
. . . forewings of the following malaysian stenogastrinae species were collected in the field and used in this study : eustenogaster calyptodoma ( sakagami and yoshikawa , 1968 ) , e . micans ( de saussure , 1852 ) , e . fraterna ( bingham , 1897 ) , liostenogaster campanulae ( turillazzi , 1999 ) , l . flavolineata ( cameron , 1902 ) , l . nitidipennis ( de saussure , 1952 ) , l . pardii ( turillazzi and carfì , 1996 ) , l . topographica ( turillazzi , 1999 ) , l . vechti ( turillazzi , 1988 ) , metischnogaster drewseni ( de saussure , 1857 ) , parischnogaster alternata ( sakagami , 1969 ) , p . mellyi ( de saussure , 1852 ) , p . jacob buysson , 1913 ) , parischnogaster sp . , p . striatula ( du buysson , 1905 ) . parischnogaster sp . is an undescribed species but it is quite common in malaya peninsula ( pers . . . .
fig . 2 . graphical representation of the first ( x - axis ) and of the second ( y - axis ) relative warp ( rw ) of the forewing vein junctions analysis . open pentagons , e . calyptodoma ; black stars , e . micans ; open rhombus , e . fraterna ; triad , l . campanulae ; black triangles , l . flavolineata ; open triangles , l . nitidipennis ; open circles , l . pardii ; black rhombus , l . topographica ; black rectangles , l . vechti ; open squares , m . drewseni ; black circles , p . alternata ; black squares , p . mellyi ; x - shaped , p . jacobsoni ; sun - shaped , parischnogaster sp . , open stars , p . striatula .
analyses of the volatile compounds in the venom sacs of seven species of stenogastrine wasps , belonging to three different genera , have revealed a mixture of linear alkanes and alkenes , with a chain length ranging from c11 to c17 in all the species . among conspecifics , the composition of the mixture was consistent , while clear differences have been found between different species . venom glands of some species also contained oxygenated compounds and , in one species , some pyrazines . most of these compounds were found to be species - specific but were not always found in every individual of a species . in the genus parischnogaster , p jacobsoni and p . mellyi showed the presence of some spiroacetals that were not found in p . alternata and p . striatula . the possible functions of the venom sac volatiles in the biology of the stenogastrinae are discussed
analyses of the volatile compounds in the venom sacs of seven species of stenogastrine wasps , belonging to three different genera , have revealed a mixture of linear alkanes and alkenes , with a chain length ranging from c 11 to c 17 in all the species . among conspecifics , the composition of the mixture was consistent , while clear differences have been found between different species . venom glands of some species also contained oxygenated compounds and , in one species , some pyrazines . most of these compounds were found to be species - specific but were not always found in every individual of a species . in the genus parischnogaster , p jacobsoni and p . mellyi showed the presence of some spiroacetals that were not found in p . alternata and p . striatula . the possible functions of the venom sac volatiles in the biology of the stenogastrinae are discussed .
laboratory observations on colonies of parischnogaster alternata sakagami have revealed new aspects of the social behaviour of this species which it was not possible to observe in previous short - term studies conducted in the field . a dominance - subordinance hierarchy and division of labour were found to exist in both mature colonies and among females on a newly founded nest . the movements of . . . [ show full abstract ]
parischnogaster nigricans serrei has 4 larval instars . the larva does not spin a cocoon and the cell is closed by adult females , who reopen the operculum a few days later to extract the larval meconium , then close the cell again . immature life lasts an average of 44 . 5 days . adult - larva interactions are frequent and the curled up larvae react to adult solicitations by opening themselves like . . . [ show full abstract ]
a checklist of the species in the subfamily stenogastrinae is presented , including synonyms , nomenclatural changes , and distributional summaries . forty - five species in seven genera are treated as valid , with an additional three subspecies . excluding emendations , misspellings and nomina nuda , a further 16 names are treated as available synonyms , but eight of these names are listed only as questionable synonyms . a new combination is parischnogaster aurifrons ( smith ) . thirty new locality records are given .
. . . cuticular hydrocarbons ( hereafter chcs ) together with pheromones are assumed to regulate almost all social interactions , implying the chemical senses as the predominant channels of communication in insect societies [ 6 , 8 ] . in the last two decades , however , visual communication abilities have been discovered in two subfamilies of social wasps [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] . a pioneering experiment demonstrated that males of the stenogastrinae wasp parischnogaster mellyi use a visual status badge during flying duels for winning a perch in aerial leks [ 14 ] . . . .
parischnogaster mellyi is a common species of hover wasp which lives in the oriental region . in this research we wanted to achieve a deeper understanding of some aspects of its social biology and chemical ecology considering the composition of colonies , the reproductive poten - tial of the female nest - mates , the chemical similarities between the adult cuticular hydrocarbons , the nest paper , the dufour ' s gland secretion of the females and the pap placed on the eggs as a support for larval develop - ment . we were able to assess with nest exchange experiments that this species is capable of immature brood recognition . neither the pap placed on eggs , nor the nest odour are used in this recognition process , despite the potential discrimination cues shown by chemical analyses .
. . . a pioneering experiment demonstrated that males of the stenogastrinae wasp parischnogaster mellyi use a visual status badge during flying duels for winning a perch in aerial leks [ 14 ] . it was since found that visual communication plays a key role in the social interactions between colony members and indeed , a facial badge of status has been shown to convey information on the agonistic qualities in foundresses of the north american population of polistes dominula and to regulate dominance hierarchies in the stenogastrinae wasp liostenogaster vechti [ 10 , 11 ] , but see [ 15 , 16 ] . polistes fuscatus wasps are more aggressive to individuals with unfamiliar appearances landing on the nest [ 9 ] and they are able to remember the individual identity of partners after one week of interactions with several other wasps [ 17 ] . . . .
in particular , all specimens were correctly assigned with the exception of two e . calyptodoma erroneously assigned to e . micans and two l . campanulae to l . flavolineata . intriguingly , function 1 represented by the variables rw1 and rw4 while function 2 by the variables rw2 and rw3 . in the cross - validation test , where specimens were blindly entered into the analysis only 7 out of 149 cases were misclassified in different congeneric species ( 94 . 6 % of correct classification ) : three l . campanulae were identified as l . flavolineata , two e . calyptodoma as e . micans , one p . striatula as p . alternata and one p . jacobsoni as p . mellyi . differences between genera in wing shape are illustrated by deformation grids reported in figure 4 . as shown in table 1 , the landmarks 17 and 20 gave the major contribution to the variation in shape of the forewing ( see also fig . 1 ) .
the hover wasps ( stenogastrinae ) comprise 58 described species in 7 genera which are distributed in the south east asian tropics , from india to new guinea . this chapter offers a sketch of their systematics . there follows a brief history of the studies by researchers of these wasps , focusing on the main problems , phylogeny and social evolution of these insects . general characteristic of other social wasps are briefly presented and discussed .
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this chapter describes the most common behavioural patterns of female and male hover wasps . behaviours are divided into three main groups , depending on their functional categories : elementary behaviour ( which ranges from feeding to mating ) , colony maintenance behaviour ( directed towards rearing and defence of immature brood and nest construction ) and social behaviour ( mainly interactions with conspecifics and nestmates ) . these are further divided into behaviours performed on the nest and off the nest . short videoclips for some behaviour are available online .
or in the supplementary material ( esm ) of the electronic version of this chapter .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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most species of animals are classified by scientific names , and are known to the public by one or more common names . unfortunately today’s animal doesn’t have a common name . i’ve called it a social wasp because that’s the group the species belongs to , and will refer to it as ‘wasp’ for the remainder of this post .