galaxiella munda is a species of fish in the galaxiidae family .

it is endemic to inland waters of southwest western australia , and known as the western mud minnow .

in 1999 the mud minnow was not included in the list of threatened species under the environment protection and biodiversity conservation act , but is listed as near threatened on the iucn red list .

galaxiella munda

mean genetic divergences between populations of galaxiella munda for cytochrome b calculated using p - distances .
information on the western mud minnow ( galaxiella munda ) is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
martin f . gomon & dianne j . bray , galaxiella munda in fishes of australia , accessed 10 jul 2018 , urltoken
biology of galaxiella munda mcdowall ( teleostei : galaxudae ) , including a comparison of the reproductive strategies of this and three other local species .
western dwarf galaxias , galaxiella munda . source : stephen beatty / freshwater fish group & fish health unit , murdoch university . license : all rights reserved
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wager , r . 1996 . galaxiella munda . in : iucn 2011 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2011 . 2 . < urltoken > . downloaded on 18 may 2011 .
berra , t . m . & g . r . allen . 1989 . clarification of the difference between galaxiella nigrostriata ( shipway , 1953 ) and galaxiella munda mcdowall , 1978 ( pisces : galaxiidae ) from western australia . rec . west . aust . mus . 14 : 293–297 .
berra , t . m . & g . r . allen . 1989 . clarification of the difference between galaxiella nigrostriata ( shipway , 1953 ) and galaxiella munda mcdowall , 1978 ( pisces : galaxiidae ) from western australia . rec . west . aust . mus . 14 : 293–297 .
mean genetic divergences between populations of galaxiella nigrostriata for cytochrome b calculated using p - distances .
mean genetic divergences between western lineage populations of galaxiella pusilla for cytochrome b calculated using p - distances .
mean genetic divergences between eastern lineage populations of galaxiella pusilla for cytochrome b calculated using p - distances .
molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the australian freshwater fish genus galaxiella , with an emphasis on dwarf galaxias ( g . pusilla )
molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the australian freshwater fish genus galaxiella , with an emphasis on dwarf galaxias ( g . pusilla )
male blackstriped dwarf galaxias , galaxiella nigrostriata . source : gerald r . allen / western australian museum . license : all rights reserved
galaxiella munda mcdowall 1978 , j . r . soc . n . z . 8 ( 1 ) : 119 , figs . 1 - 2 . type locality : pool in jarrah forest , about 8 km north of scott river , between nanup and augusta , 34°13 ' s , 115°29 ' e , western australia .
pen , l . j . , gill , h . s . , humphries , p . & potter , i . c . 1993 . biology of the black - stripe minnow galaxiella nigrostriata , including comparisons with the other two galaxiella species . journal of fish biology 43 : 847–863 . urltoken
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gill , h . s . & neira , f . j . 1994 . larval descriptions of three galaxiid fishes endemic to south - western australia : galaxias occidentalis , galaxiella mund a and galaxiella nigrostriata ( salmoniformes : galaxiidae ) . marine and freshwater research 45 : 1307–1317 . doi : 10 . 1071 / mf9941307
saddlier s , jackson j , hammer m . melbourne : state of victoria department of sustainability and environment ; 2010 . national recovery plan for the dwarf galaxias galaxiella pusilla .
wager , r . 1996 . galaxiella nigrostriat a . in : iucn 2012 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2012 . 2 . . downloaded on 14 may 2012 .
pen , l . j . , gill , h . s . , potter , i . c . & humphries , p . ( 1993 ) . growth , age composition , reproductive biology and diet of the black - stripe minnow galaxiella nigrostriata ( shipway ) , including comparisons with the other two galaxiella species . journal of fish biology 43 : 847 - 864 .
galaxiella munda and g . nigrostriata show even more extreme examples of population differentiation . overall though , patterns were broadly similar to those in g . pusilla . some proximate populations had low divergences ( e . g . , sites 32–33 , 34 and 36 , 38–39 ) . populations 24–25 were unusual in that they are separated by considerable distance , yet they were genetically quite similar ( fig . 3 and table s5 ) . most other populations had high genetic divergences , typically from 0 . 7 % to 3 . 0 % ( tables s4 , s5 ) . interestingly , despite being more common in elevations closer to sea level , g . nigrostriata displayed a higher degree of genetic differentiation than g . munda ( table s1 ) .
gill , h . s . & morgan , d . l . 1996 . threatened fishes of the world : galaxiella nigrostriata ( shipway , 1953 ) ( galaxiidae ) . environmental biology of fishes 47 : 344 .
galeotti dm , mccullough cd , lund ma ( 2010 ) black - stripe minnow galaxiella nigrostriata ( shipway 1953 ) ( pisces : galaxiidae ) , a review and discussion . j r soc west aust 93 : 13–20 .
summary of pairwise comparisons of allele frequency between sites for galaxiella pusilla west . site 9 was excluded from the analysis due to small sample size and lack of a geographically - proximate neighbour . format as for table s8 .
colour varies in relation to the water inhabited . in tannin - stained waters g . munda is dark brown on the back and sides with a silvery - white belly . may also be greenish olive dorsally with a longitudinal silvery stripe , a brownish - orange stripe ( usually during the breeding season ) and a narrow dark stripe with a silvery belly .
smith , k . d . 1996 . an outlying population of galaxiella nigrostriata ( pisces : galaxiidae ) at melaleuca park , western australia : causes of habitat fragmentation . honours thesis , department of zoology , the university of western australia . 115 pp .
fish fact : the muddy , or western mud minnow ( galaxiella munda ) is the closest rellie to the black - strip minnow , but instead of being found in ephemeral waterbodies , it is found in spring - fed headwater streams that are the result of groundwater expression . take the yaragadee as an example , these species is most secure in yaragadee aquifer - fed streams . at least we aren ' t drawing that aquifer down - phew . the species has a one year life - cycle so if something negative happens in their streams then they are likely to go kaput . big worry considering our recent year of climate change .
galeotti , d . m . 2013 . metapopulation theory explains black - stripe minnow ( pisces : galaxiidae , galaxiella nigrostriata ) distribution in seasonal wetlands in south - west western australia . msc thesis , edith cowan university , perth , western australia , 165 pp . urltoken pdf
galeotti , d . m . , m . a . castalanelli , d . m . groth , c . mccullough & m . lund . 2014 . genotypic and morphological variation between galaxiella nigrostriata ( galaxiidae ) populations : implications for conservation . marine and freshwater research urltoken abstract
thompson gg , withers pc ( 1999 ) the metabolic response to hypoxia and emersion of aestivating fishes ( lepidogalaxias salamandroides and galaxiella nigrostriata ) and a non - aestivating fish ( bostockia porosa ) from south - western australia . australian journal of zoology 47 : 295 - 305 .
gill , h . s . & morgan , d . l . 2003 . ontogenetic changes in the diet of galaxiella nigrostriat a ( shipway , 1953 ) ( galaxiidae ) and lepidogalaxias salamandroides mees , 1961 ( lepidogalaxiidae ) . ecology of freshwater fish 12 : 151 - 158 .
the ml analyses of each gene recovered a nearly identical interspecific topology , with the only incongruence being among brachygalaxias relationships . cyt b placed b . gothei and b . bullocki as sister species , whereas s7 placed b . gothei in between the two b . bullocki lineages . bootstrap support was high ( > 98 % ) for all deep nodes in the cyt b dataset , with the exception of the node uniting g . munda and g . nigrostriata ( 52 % ; fig . 2 ) . our tcs networks provided a more detailed pattern of the relationships between cyt b haplotypes within each galaxiella species , highlighting the large number of nucleotide differences between many populations ( fig . 3 ) .
citation : unmack pj , bagley jc , adams m , hammer mp , johnson jb ( 2012 ) molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the australian freshwater fish genus galaxiella , with an emphasis on dwarf galaxias ( g . pusilla ) . plos one 7 ( 6 ) : e38433 . urltoken
galeotti , d . m . , mccullough , c . d . & lund , m . a . 2010 . black - stripe minnow galaxiella nigrostriata ( shipway 1953 ) ( pisces : galaxiidae ) , a review and discussion . journal of the royal society of western australia 93 : 13–20 .
maximum likelihood trees for galaxiella based on analysis of cytochrome b ( a ) and s7 ( b ) sequences and a neighbour joining tree for allozymes ( c ) . panel a shows the complete tree with operational taxonomic units ( otus ) for each galaxiella species collapsed . expanded trees within each species are shown below , with the lower scale bar applying to each of the four subtrees . bootstrap values are based on 1000 pseudoreplicates . trees are rooted with brachygalaxias . each otu code is based on the sampling location number and name in table 1 and fig . 1 , while the coloured symbols match figs . 1 , 3 and 5 .
unmack pj , bagley jc , adams m , hammer mp , johnson jb ( 2012 ) molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the australian freshwater fish genus galaxiella , with an emphasis on dwarf galaxias ( g . pusilla ) . plos one 7 ( 6 ) : e38433 . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0038433
smith , k . d . , pen , l . j . & knott , b . 2002 . genetic and morphological study of the black - stripe minnow , galaxiella nigrostriata ( salmoniformes : galaxiidae ) , including a disjunct population near perth , western australia . records of the western australian museum 21 : 285–290 . pdf open access
knott , b . , jasinska , e . j . & smith k . d . 2002 . limnology and aquatic fauna of epp 173 , melaleuca park , refuge for an outlier population of the black - stripe minnow galaxiella nigrostriata ( pisces : galaxiidae ) in southwestern australia . records of the western australian museum 21 : 291 - 298 .
unmack pj , bagley jc , adams m , hammer mp , johnson jb ( 2012 ) molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the australian freshwater fish genus galaxiella , with an emphasis on dwarf galaxias ( g . pusilla ) . plos one 7 ( 6 ) : e38433 . pdf open access doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0038433
smith , k . d . , knott , b . & jasinska , e . j . 2002 . biology of the black - stripe minnow , galaxiella nigrostriata ( shipway ) , in an acidic , black - water lake in melaleuca park near perth , western australia . records of the western australian museum 21 : 277 - 284 . pdf available open access
galeotti , d . m . , mccullough , c . d . & lund , m . a . 2008 . current state of knowledge of the black - stripe minnow galaxiella nigrostriata ( pisces : galaxiidae ) in western australia . edith cowan university , centre for ecosystem management report 2008 - 12 , unpublished report to kemerton silica sands pty . ltd . , perth , western australia . 36 pp
occur in slow - running , tea - colored streams usually in sandy areas . also found in swamps , small ponds and roadside ditches . also lives in the vegetated shallows of some freshwater lakes . water is typically acidic ( ph 4 . 5 - 6 . 5 ) and darkly tannin - stained . an inhabitant of temporary waters , capable of aestivating in damp bottom sediments over summer . spawning habits similar to g . munda . most individuals perish after their first spawning ( ref . 44894 ) . feed on small insects , larvae of aquatic insects and micro - crustaceans . breeding is associated with winter rains . males take on a bright color pattern at the start of the breeding season ( ref . 33842 ) .
refer to table 1 for corresponding locality details . each species is represented by a different symbol , with populations from both lineages of g . pusilla color coded to match figs . 2 , 3 and 5 . shaded areas refer to the general distribution of each galaxiella species . low sea level drainage patterns are shown to the minus 135 m bathymetric contour . bathymetry predicts a large depression that we refer to as lake bass . the small inset of australia shows the relevant biogeographic provinces , and the black central southern region represents the extent of the eucla basin .
summary of genetic diversity of cytochrome b sequences sampled within galaxiella pusilla populations and clades in this study . locality numbers , the number of individuals sampled , number of haplotypes ( h ) , haplotype diversity ( hd ) with its standard deviations , nucleotide diversity ( π ) with its standard deviations , and the results of coalescent simulations of three neutrality statistics , tajima’s d , fu’s f s , ramos - onsins and rozas’ r 2 , are shown . within - population values only represent genetically polymorphic sites ; unlisted populations were monomorphic ( h = 1 ; hd = π = 0 . 000 ) .
summary of pairwise comparisons of allele frequency between sites for galaxiella pusilla east . due to their small sample sizes , sites 16 and 20 were pooled with a geographically - proximate neighbour ( sites 15 and 21 respectively ) . lower triangle = number of loci displaying statistically - significant differences in allele frequency ( p < 0 . 05 after bonferroni correction ) . upper triangle = results of determining p - value for each population pair across all loci ( fisher’s method ) after bonferroni correction ; * * * = p < 0 . 001 , * * = p < 0 . 01 ; ns = not significant .
allozyme frequencies at all variable loci for the 22 sites surveyed for galaxiella pusilla . site codes follow table 1 . frequencies of all but the rarer / rarest alleles are expressed as percentages and shown as superscripts ( allowing the frequency of each rare allele to be calculated by subtraction from 100 % ) . maximum sample sizes per site are shown in brackets ( asterisks indicate sample sizes of n = 3 for the designated sites and loci ) . a dash indicates insufficient enzyme activity at this locus . invariant loci : ald1 * , ald2 * , enol * , gapd1 , glo * , gp , gpi2 , pgam * , and pk * .
a very small galaxiid found creeks and streams of south - west western australia .
adults are brownish - grey above with a white belly , and have several whitish blotches along the upper side , and a broad coppery - brown stripe edged in fine olive brown stripes just below the midline from behind the eye to the tail base .
video of western dwarf galaxias by the freshwater fish group of murdoch university , western australia .
endemic to temperate freshwaters of south western australia , from the albany district ( 118°10’e ) to north of perth ( 31°50’s ) .
the western dwarf galaxias prefers swift - flowing streams in karri forests , near submerged vegetation . the water in these streams is usually acidic ( ph 3 . 0 - 6 . 0 ) and darkly tannin - stained , and the water temperature fluctuates widely with the seasons . it also occasionally occurs in ponds , swamps and roadside drains .
dorsal fin 7 - 10 ( usually 8 - 9 ) ; anal fin 11 - 15 ( usually 12 - 14 ) ; pectoral fin 9 - 12 ( usually 10 - 11 ) ; pelvic fin 5 - 7 ( usually 6 ) ; gill rakers16 - 20 .
body elongate , slender , almost tubular ; body depth at anus 10 . 5 - 14 . 3 % sl ; head short , snout short and bluntly rounded ; mouth small , oblique , reaching to front of eyes ; jaws equal in size with no enlarged canine teeth ; eye large , upper margin at head profile ; gill rakers long and slender ; pyloric caeca absent ; compressed behind the vent ; caudal peduncle longer than deep ; scales absent .
fins small and membranous ; low membranous fold along caudal peduncle almost to dorsal and anal rays dorsal fin short - based ; dorsal fin origin behind anal fin origin ; caudal fin long , truncate to rounded ; pectoral fins narrow - based , small and rounded , inserted high laterally ; ventral fin very small , inserted at mid - body .
carnivore - feeds on small insects , aquatic insect larvae and microcrustaceans - usually near vegetation at the edges of streams .
the western dwarf galaxias has a year - long life cycle that is completed entirely in freshwater . the sexes are separate and fertilisation is external . spawning occurs between june and october , with a peak during august and september . females spawn several times , depositing several batches of eggs in flooded vegetation over several weeks . adults die soon after spawning .
allen , g . r . 1989 freshwater fishes of australia . t . f . h . publications , inc . , neptune city , new jersey .
allen , g . r . , midgley , s . h . & allen , m . 2002 . field guide to the freshwater fishes of australia . perth : western australian museum 394 pp .
gill , h . s . & f . j . neira 1998 galaxiidae ( galaxiinae ) : southern galaxias . p . 70 - 77 . in f . j . neira , a . g . miskiewicz & t . trnski ( eds . ) larvae of temperate australian fishes : laboratory guide for larval fish identification . university of western australia press . 474 p .
mcdowall , r . m . ( 1978 ) a new genus and species of galaxiid fish from australia ( salmoniformes : galaxiidae ) . j . r . soc . n . z . 8 ( 1 ) : 115 - 124 .
mcdowall rm , frankenburg rs ( 1981 ) the galaxiid fishes of australia . rec aust mus 33 : 443–605 .
mcdowall , r . m . & j . m . waters . 2004 . phylogenetic relationships in a small group of diminutive galaxiid fishes and the evolution of sexual dimorphism . journal of the royal society of new zealand 34 ( 1 ) : 23 - 57 .
merrick , j . r . & g . e . schmida 1984 australian freshwater fishes : biology and management . griffin press ltd . , south australia . 409 p .
morgan , d . , gill , h . & potter , i . ( 1996 ) . the distribution of freshwater fish in the southwestern corner of australia . report to water and rivers commission . waters and rivers commission , perth , western australia .
morgan , d . l . , gill , h . s . & potter , i . c . ( 1998 ) . distribution , identification and biology of freshwater fishes in south - western australia . records of the western australian museum . supplement no 56 , perth , western australia .
paxton , j . r . , d . f . hoese , g . r . allen & j . e . hanley 1989 zoological catalogue of australia . volume 7 . pisces . petromyzontidae to carangidae . australian government publishing service , canberra . zoological catalogue of australia . volume 7 . v . 7 : i - xii + 1 - 665 .
greek , galaxias , ou = a kind of fish , diminutive ( ref . 45335 )
oceania : endemic to australia . known only from the southwestern part in coastal streams between albany and ellen brook .
maturity : l m 4 . 7 range ? - ? cm max length : 6 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 44894 ) ; common length : 3 . 5 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5259 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 6 - 8 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 9 - 12 ; vertebrae : 38 - 43 . adults are brown - grey dorsally and white ventrally with several whitish blotches near the dorsal midline , and a broad brown stripe just below midline from behind eye to caudal - fin base .
allen , g . r . , 1989 . freshwater fishes of australia . t . f . h . publications , inc . , neptune city , new jersey . ( ref . 5259 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5625 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00389 ( 0 . 00180 - 0 . 00842 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 2 ±0 . 36 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( k = 3 . 70 ; tm = 1 ; tmax = 1 ; mean fec = 65 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 14 of 100 ) .
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peter j . unmack , 1 , 2 , * justin c . bagley , 2 mark adams , 3 , 4 michael p . hammer , 3 , 5 and jerald b . johnson 2 , 6
conceived and designed the experiments : pju mph jbj . performed the experiments : pju ma . analyzed the data : pju jcb ma . contributed reagents / materials / analysis tools : pju mph ma jcb jbj . wrote the paper : pju jcb ma .
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southern australia provides an excellent geological setting for studying biogeographic patterns . long - term aridity since the oligocene created a vast desert region in southern australia , isolating two moist temperate regions in the southwestern and southeastern parts of the continent . the biota that occupy these two regions have been isolated since at least mid - miocene (
for corresponding locality details . each species is represented by a different symbol , with populations from both lineages of
color coded to match figs . 2 , 3 and 5 . shaded areas refer to the general distribution of each
species . low sea level drainage patterns are shown to the minus 135 m bathymetric contour . bathymetry predicts a large depression that we refer to as lake bass . the small inset of australia shows the relevant biogeographic provinces , and the black central southern region represents the extent of the eucla basin .
species is differences in the width of the continental shelf . regions with narrow continental shelf should present limited opportunities for drainage connections during low sea levels , since few rivers are likely to connect (
) , whereas a broader continental shelf allows a greater area for rivers to traverse and potentially interconnect . much of southern australia has a relatively narrow continental shelf , thus most drainages remain isolated during low sea levels (
are widespread across southern australia . as presently defined , the genus consists of three species of small , stout - bodied galaxiid fishes
is usually found in smaller creeks and can occur further inland . both species overlap to a limited extent in floodplain habitats that have seasonal connections to more permanent water bodies
, a more integrative approach is needed ; one that blends phylogeny and phylogeography . although obviously relevant , previous single - and multi - locus phylogenetic analyses of
used limited within - taxon sampling ( one sample / species ) . previous within - species comparisons in the two western
employed good sampling with 10 individuals from each population but included only three populations outside of victoria . here , we improve on previous studies of the biogeography and population genetics of
fishes . first , we use gondwanan fragmentation and the well known geology of southern australia to derive geologically - based calibration points for analyses and thereby estimate a time frame for diversification within the genus based on broader within - taxon sampling . this amounts to a ‘congeneric phylogeographical’ sampling approach . this has been shown to present a viable means of increasing systematic accuracy and improving historical inferences , by the recovery of polyphyly and ‘cryptic’ lineages , within vertebrate species
species based on more extensive geographic sampling . third , we investigate phylogeographic patterns within each
species in southern australia . specifically , if shelf width is important then populations of
in the western portion of their range in southeastern australia will have a high level of genetic divergence between drainages . in contrast , populations of
permission to undertake field work and collect specimens was obtained under the following permits : victorian fisheries research permit rp 581 , victorian flora and fauna permit 10002072 , victorian national parks permit 10002154 , tasmanian inland fisheries service permit 2003 / 12 , tasmanian department of primary industries , water and environment permit tfa 03106 , south australian primary industries and resources - section 59 exemption , western australian license to take fauna for scientific purposes sf006928 . specimens were obtained under arizona state university institutional animal care and use committee ( iacuc ) approval 09 - 1018r , brigham young university iacuc approval 070403 and university of adelaide animal ethics committee approval s - 32 - 2002 .
the rarity and conservation status of these species limited our sample sizes . in many cases , there were only one or a few populations known per river basin . our primary goal was to include one population per major drainage where each species is found . we examined samples of
were provided by david galeotti ( edith cowan university ) . fishes were collected with seine and dip nets and either frozen whole in liquid nitrogen or preserved in 95 % ethanol in the field . our sampling ranged from 1–11 individuals per locality , with most sites represented by 10 individuals within
, plus two sequences from genbank for a total of 219 ingroup samples . based on their close relationships to
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. the location column gives the general location of each sample . station code refers to the field number or sama ebu code that samples are catalogued as . the last three columns provide the number of individuals ( n ) examined for each marker . abbreviations : ck , creek ; hwy , highway ; r , river ; rd , road ; sa , southern australia ; tas , tasmania ; vic , victoria ; wa , western australia .
we employed a gis approach to quantify several environmental factors needed to evaluate our hypotheses linked to changes in sea level . datasets used to generate maps ( e . g . ,
and manipulated in arcinfo and arcmap version 10 ( environmental systems research institute , redlands , ca ) . bathymetric data were obtained from a 30 arc - second ( ca . 1 km ) dataset gebco 08 ( september 2010 release ,
we extracted genomic dna from muscle tissue for each specimen using dneasy tissue kits ( qiagen inc . , chatsworth , ca ) . we amplified the mtdna cytochrome
. when this failed to produce sufficient pcr product , the gene was amplified in two halves using glu21 - hd . gp ggrttgtttgagcctgtytcgt and gp . 505
we also used the forward primers glu18 taaccaggactaatgrcttgaa or glu31 tgrcttgaaaaaccaccgttgt with hd . gp as well as the internal forward primer sal . 484 caatgaatttgagggggrttctc or gn . 484
. we also included the first two introns and the second exon of the nuclear s7 gene . all nuclear sequences were obtained by nested pcr using the following primers : 1f
in the second reaction . in a few cases , we had to use the internal primers 1f . 2 and 2r . 67 tacctgggarattccagactc , and 2f . 2
. the first of these nested reactions were 25 µl . final concentrations for polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) components per 25 µl reaction were as follows : 25 ng template dna , 0 . 25 µm of each primer , 0 . 625 units of taq dna polymerase , 0 . 1 mm of each dntp , 2 . 5 µl of 10x reaction buffer and 2 . 5 mm mgcl
. data files containing all individuals sequenced as well as various analysis files were deposited in dryad , doi : 10 . 5061 / dryad . c3g8h .
to reconstruct a species tree and to date clade divergences and coalescence times to the most recent common ancestor . we combined the data from cyt
and s7 , included all individuals sequenced , then ran analyses using a relaxed molecular clock in beast 1 . 6 . 1
. the full datasets for each gene were imported into beauti 1 . 7 ( prerelease ) , which we used to generate the input file for beast . we incorporated two calibrations based on geological events . the first was the root of the tree , representing the split between
, as potentially congruent with the separation of australia , antarctica and south america . the terrestrial separation of australia and antarctica occurred at approximately 52 ma
. three separate analyses were conducted using both calibration points in the same analysis , plus one analysis with each calibration used individually . analyses were also conducted excluding the sequence data to check that posterior distributions were not heavily driven soley by our priors rather than the sequence data . we used an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed molecular clock based upon a lognormal prior using the ‘speciation birth death’ process . both lognormal prior calibrations had a mean of 1 . 0 , with standard deviations of 1 . 5 for the calibration of 52 ma and 1 . 0 for the 14 ma calibration . the best - fitting model of molecular evolution for each gene ( cyt
: gtr + i + g ; s7 : gtr + g ) was estimated via aic in modeltest . analyses were run for 200 million generations , with parameters logged every 10 , 000 generations . multiple runs were conducted to check for stationarity and that independent runs were converging on a similar result . output from beast was examined in tracer 1 . 5 with 10 % burn - in and the tree results were summarized using treeannotator 1 . 7 ( prerelease ) .
we used multiple methods to examine within and between population genetic patterns in order to investigate the role of sea level changes in structuring genetic variation . we explored patterns of genetic variation in
population and clade , and for all populations combined . to test the relative contribution of genetic variation to within and between population structure in
. if genetic structuring is driven by isolation among drainages due to drainage basin boundaries , then we expect to see high levels of structuring among drainages . cases where high amounts of variation can be explained between groups suggest an important historic barrier to gene flow exists coincident with the structure of the model . to evaluate movement between drainage basins , we combined populations into 15 groups based on drainage basins or close geographic proximity ( i . e . , the following populations were combined : 1–4 , 11–12 , 13–14 , 15–16 , 17–18 ;
since frozen tissues were available for virtually all g . pusilla , we were able to obtain comparative allozyme profiles for this species . these were used to independently assess the finding by coleman et al . [ 35 ] of a major east - west dichotomy , and provide more appropriate molecular data for assessing whether any dichotomy reflected the presence of cryptic species . three specimens of an outgroup species , galaxias olidus , were also included in this analysis . we conducted allozyme electrophoresis of muscle homogenates on cellulose acetate gels ( cellogel™ , milan , italy ) following richardson et al . [ 66 ] . details of all enzyme and locus abbreviations , electrophoretic conditions , and stain recipes are contained in richardson et al . [ 66 ] or wallman and adams [ 67 ] , while the allozyme nomenclature follows hammer et al . [ 68 ] .
the genetic relationships among all sites were initially assessed by constructing a neighbour - joining ( nj ) tree from a pairwise matrix of nei’s [ 69 ] unbiased genetic distances ( nei d ) , following the methodology of hammer et al . [ 10 ] . we then used genepop 4 . 0 [ 70 ] to assess the raw allozyme genotypes for statistically - significant departures from hardy - weinberg expectations , for evidence of linkage disequilibrium at each individual site ( for n > 4 ) , and to detect statistically significant differences in allele frequency among sites within each of the two major lineages evident within g . pusilla . threshold probability values were adjusted for the use of multiple tests using sequential bonferroni correction [ 71 ] . finally , we employed the multivariate ordination technique principal coordinates analysis ( pco ) to visually assess the genetic affinities among all individuals within each lineage ( details in [ 10 ] ) .
our molecular datasets provided clear discrimination among all described species . in addition , they revealed major and concordant genetic discontinuities consistent with cryptic speciation in g . pusilla as per coleman et al . [ 35 ] .
) . removal of fish with identical haplotypes within populations reduced the dataset to 66 individuals . the number of individuals from a population with a given haplotype is provided after the population name in
. based on this reduced dataset , 680 characters were invariant , 28 characters were variable but parsimony uninformative and 433 characters were parsimony informative . both
codon , while the latter also had a premature stop codon in the third - to - last codon position ( codon 378 ) . neither change is unusual for cyt
among fishes ( p . j . unmack , pers . obs . ) or across various animal groups
) and was obtained via whole mtdna amplification , which minimizes the chance of amplifying nuclear pseudogene copies ( masaki miya , pers . comm . ) . maximum likelihood recovered one tree for cyt
( a ) and s7 ( b ) sequences and a neighbour joining tree for allozymes ( c ) . panel a shows the complete tree with operational taxonomic units ( otus ) for each
species collapsed . expanded trees within each species are shown below , with the lower scale bar applying to each of the four subtrees . bootstrap values are based on 1000 pseudoreplicates . trees are rooted with
) . inclusion of individual alleles from 14 heterozygous individuals increased the dataset to 66 sequences . the number of heterozygous positions within an individual varied from one to three ( all heterozygous individuals were phased into individual alleles prior to ml analyses ) . based on this dataset , 535 characters were invariant , 10 characters were variable but parsimony uninformative and 354 characters were parsimony informative . maximum likelihood recovered one tree for s7 with a likelihood score of −3378 . 210082 (
( a ) is color - coded relative to figs . 1 , 2 and 5 . circle size represents haplotype abundance ; the key to circle size is in the center of panel a . the ancestral haplotype in each network is indicated by a box . haplotype counts are given in parentheses when multiple populations share the same haplotype . haplotype labels consist of the population number and name from
) , with bayesian posterior probabilities equal to 1 . 0 for all internal nodes . divergence dating results obtained using * beast are presented in
. running the analysis with the same settings , but without data confirmed that our input settings actually produced the desired prior probability distributions on our calibrated nodes and that our data were responsible for our results rather than our priors . most statistics from all three analyses had ess scores > 400 , demonstrating the chain was well sampled . results were substantially different depending on the calibration used . when the single calibration of 14 ma was used , all dates were much younger (
the first line presents results based on both calibration points of 52 and 14 million years , while the second and third rows represent results under each individual calibration . the mean and 95 % highest posterior densities are given for each node ( in millions of years ) , and we report the per lineage mean rate of evolution per million years for each gene in the last two columns .
± one standard deviation ( s . d . ) = 0 . 212±0 . 090 ; mean π×100± s . d . = 0 . 059±0 . 014 ) , but moderate genetic diversity within each clade (
) . results from our amova analyses found high levels of among - group structure consistent with the effects of strong isolation between populations . when all groups ( n = 15 ) were compared , among - group comparisons accounted for 95 . 8 % of the genetic variation . within eastern
( n = 7 ) among - group comparisons accounted for 90 . 2 and 72 . 8 % of the variation respectively . all three among - group amova values were statistically significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) .
< 0 . 0001 ) , supporting demographic - spatial expansion . neutrality tests showed a similar pattern across
. comparing bsps to constant demographic models supported bsp patterns . bsp models provided a better fit to the data within each
mean posterior n e estimates for each species ( darker lines ) are bounded by upper and lower 95 % highest posterior densities ( g . pusilla west , pink shading ; g . pusilla east , blue shading ) . the x - axis represents units of time in thousands of years ago ( ka ) , scaled according to posterior mutation rates estimated in beast . the y - axis shows estimated population size in hundreds of thousands , calculated assuming a g . pusilla generation time equal to 1 . 0 . the fish shown is a male g . pusilla west ( by mph ) .
. no site displayed any statistical evidence of either linkage disequilibrium or of genotype frequencies being incompatible with hardy weinberg expectations . these data unequivocally recovered the same two primary clades (
) ; lineage e1 comprised victorian sites 11–18 , while lineage e2 consisted of the two most southerly victorian sites ( 15 and 16 ) plus all tasmanian sites ( sites 19–22 ) . these two lineages were diagnosable by near - fixed differences at two loci (
) , as well as by major differences in allele frequency ( δp > 40 % ) at three other loci . lineage e2 was further divisible into two sub - lineages e2a ( sites 15 , 16 , 19 , 22 ) and e2b ( sites 20 , 21 ) , diagnosable by a fully - fixed difference at a single locus (
) plus major differences in allele frequency at three other loci . importantly , this phylogeographic structure is concordant with the cyt
west ( b ) individuals . relative pco scores are plotted for the first and second dimensions , which individually explain 41 % and 10 % ( a ) and 25 % and 17 % ( b ) respectively of the total multivariate variation present . individuals are colour - coded relative to
west also revealed statistically significant differences in allele frequency , usually involving multiple loci , in all but four instances ( sites 6 vs . 7 , 1 vs . 2 , 1 vs . 3 , 2 vs . 4 ;
) . here lineage w2 consisted of the most easterly site ( site 10 ) , while lineage w1 comprised all other sites . additional phylogeographic structure was detectable within the widespread lineage w1 , although only one of the three sub - lineages ( w1b = site 5 ) was allozymically well - differentiated from the other two sublineages ( w1a = four western sites , w1c = four eastern sites ) by major differences in allele frequency at multiple loci (
based on a single individual per taxon , although their dataset included two additional genes ( rag1 and 16 s ) and morphological characters . our results , showing a deep divergence between
west using a suite of non - hypervariable nuclear genetic markers ( and therefore more suitable for assessing species boundaries ) , were also consistent with the conclusions of coleman et al .
based on mtdna coi and nuclear microsatellites . we therefore refer to these lineages hereafter as distinct candidate species . our results were strongly supported , with s7 and the combined analysis having high bootstrap values ( 100 and 1 . 0 respectively ) for all between species relationships . high support from the cyt
our divergence estimates varied greatly depending on whether we used the separation of australian and south american species ( min . age set to 52 ma ) or the east - west separation between
species ( min . age set to 14 ma ) . essentially , analyses using the older calibration point recovered mean ages slightly more than double those recovered using the younger calibration (
) . when both calibrations were included , estimates were up to ∼10 % lower , especially on the upper 95 % highest posterior distribution ( hpd ) . while we present results from all three calibration combinations , we favour the results obtained using a single calibration of 52 ma . the separation of southeastern and southwestern australia by the formation of the nullarbor plain (
may have separated long before that event . indeed , it has already been suggested that east - west separation of some groups predates this event by potentially tens of millions of years
. we are more confident that continental drift was responsible for their separation than some form of oceanic dispersal . neither
have any proclivity for marine environments today , nor do they possess any traits that imply a potentially diadromous life cycle . it is certainly not impossible that they were once diadromous , although this implies a substantial convergence in morphological and ecological characteristics , perhaps driven by adaptation to similar habitats . our age estimates based on continental drift are similar to burridge et al .
, they obtained a slightly older mean age than our analysis ( 58 vs . 55 . 8 ma ) . however , their credibility interval was broader ( 45–72 vs . 52–66 ma ) , probably due to their much larger dataset with multiple calibration points . the remaining divergences between each
were all younger than our results , with their mean ages usually being similar to our lowest 95 % credibility interval values . in contrast , the age for both
species was similar in both studies . it is also important to recognise that our estimate of 52 ma for the separation of australian and south american clades is only a minimum estimate . it is quite likely that the true divergence would have occurred earlier . this implies that all of our age estimates would be underestimated if the continental separation is an appropriate calibration point .
species across southern australia at a mean age of 34 . 3 ma ( 95 % hpd of 24 . 5–44 . 5 ma ,
are adapted to exploit more ephemeral environments , they might be expected to persist under more arid conditions . however , increasing aridity would also increase the likelihood of extirpation , given
species are more reliant on ephemeral habitats i . e . , seasonally wet and dry on an annual basis . as aridity intensified across southern australia
, these ephemeral habitats would be less reliably rewatered , thus eliminating populations through extended droughts .
was estimated to have a mean age of 22 . 5 ma ( 95 % hpd of 15 . 2–30 . 5 ma ,
adapted to survive in temporary habitats . alternatively , if aestivation was ancestral , then
evolved the ability to compete and survive in permanent habitats . it seems likely that temporary habitats like those used by
species had a mean age of 5 . 7 ma ( 95 % hpd of 2 . 2–9 . 1 ma ,
, with populations from mount emu creek / hopkins river representing the western species . this contrasts strongly with patterns in other co - distributed fishes , where species - level separations or western range limits occur at the eastern side of the lake bass drainage
, at least within freshwater fishes . no other fish species have divergences of this scale ( i . e . , species level differentiation ) at this location , although within - species genetic breaks are present in several groups
, consistent with this boundary representing a barrier that is not frequently crossed by aquatic organisms . one major exception to the separation on the western edge of lake bass is population 10 from the barwon river , which is thought to have become part of the lake bass drainage during low sea levels (
species at first seems perplexing , as it runs counter to predictions from current drainage patterns . based on the unique signature found at all molecular markers examined here (
, it seems unlikely that population 10 represents a recent translocation . instead , this outcome infers that the geomorphic history of the barwon river basin differs somewhat from that of adjacent basins . while several authors
, the lake expansion hypothesis needs to be re - examined geomorphically now that more accurate elevation and geological mapping is available . clearly though , evidence does support some faunal exchange via lake corangamite .
and allozyme analyses were broadly congruent , although they differed in details . the extent of within - species genetic divergence differed between species as well as markers ; for cyt
had an average within - group genetic divergence of 0 . 8 % , while the western
populations relative to the western species ( 90 . 2 % vs . 72 . 8 % respectively ) . five groups of populations had shared or closely related cyt
( p - distance of 0 . 5 % ) ; however allozymes grouped sites 6–9 together (
populations , which only differed from each other based on allele frequencies . coleman et al .
against expectations , we found that neither inferred phylogenetic patterns , nor patterns of genetic structuring , corresponded very closely to predictions based on estimated low sea level drainage patterns . we predicted that populations 10–16 , plus 19–20 would essentially show a low degree of genetic structure , since hydrological models predict that they would have been part of a larger continuous drainage system during historical periods of low sea level (
) . lastly , populations 1–9 were expected to show relatively higher levels of genetic divergence . although the latter pattern was indeed evident based on cyt
) . one extreme example is the relationship between sites 11–14 and 17–18 , which are quite geographically distant . based on low sea level drainage patterns , these populations should not have any lowland connections (


poet prince ( foaled 1932 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse who won the 1941 cheltenham gold cup .

he had earlier won the stanley chase at aintree and went on to contest two more gold cups .

he was unplaced when well-fancied in 1942 and finished fourth in 1945 at the age of thirteen .

poet prince

the poet prince was sired by our poetic prince out of the dam princess moira the poet prince was foaled on 01 of august in 1993 .
the poet prince has a 21 % win percentage and 43 % place percentage . the poet prince ' s last race event was at nyngan .
the poet prince is a 23 year old bay gelding . the poet prince is trained by r c robb , at nyngan and owned by a j cook .
we’d love your help . let us know what’s wrong with this preview of the poet prince by kathleen mcgowan .
lucy terry prince was a renowned 18th - century orator who is also the first known african - american poet .
the poet prince ' s exposed form for its last starts is 0 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 5 .
the poet prince’s last race event was at 25 / 04 / 2001 and it has not been nominated for any upcoming race .
the poet prince : 3 ( magdalene line trilogy 3 ) and over 2 million other books are available for amazon kindle . learn more
the poet prince career form is 3 wins , 1 seconds , 2 thirds from 14 starts with a lifetime career prize money of $ .
the author outlines the destiny of the poet prince as having been handed through some of history’s most notable characters . which characters did you recognize and can you imagine their story as a poet prince ? discuss the meaning of this destiny as described through the various poet princes in the book . can you identify other historical figures who may have fulfilled this prophecy ?
spoken word performer george the poet has written an exclusive poem inspired by the key themes explored in the prince’s trust macquarie youth index 2015 report .
keep up to date with what the prince ' s trust is up to .
tazz du poet nf mâle 2007 coi = 3 . 22266 % famille maternelle descendance
susan cheever on e . e . cummings , america’s most celebrated poet | vanity fair
prince ea | filmmaker , speaker , activist – love , the answer to every problem .
prince michael
blanket
jackson ii is the third child of pop legend michael jackson .
future poet lucy terry prince was born in west africa . the exact date of her birth is unknown , though it is thought she might have been born as early as the mid - 1720s . historical records on prince’s life are highly limited and thus details of her history have been deduced from scholarly research and conjecture .
sire ) , poet ' s voice ( a leading first crop sire in 2015 ) , prince bishop , monterosso ( sire ) , akeed mofeed , hunter ' s light , lucky nine , postponed , etc .
bath : 2 . 15 compton prince , 2 . 50 poet ' s society , 3 . 25 secretfact ( nap ) , 4 . 00 ghepardo , 4 . 35 mornington , 5 . 10 hallingham , 5 . 40 elusive olivia .
the mark johnston - trained poet’s prince became the 56th winner of a £25 , 000 october book 1 bonus when taking out the western house novice auction stakes at ayr and collecting a total of £29 , 269 when prize money of £4 , 269 is added . poet’s prince was purchased at book 1 of the tattersalls october yearling sale for just 28 , 000 guineas by mark johnston racing from the draft of houghton bloodstock . he is the second £25 , 000 book 1 bonus winner for trainer johnston this year following on from nyaleti , who was subsequently second in the group 2 duchess of cambridge stakes . johnston has now won four £25 , 000 book 1 bonus races since the scheme’s inception last year . poet’s prince is a son of poet’s voice out of the multiple listed winning sprinter palace affair who remarkably has had two £25 , 000 book 1 bonus winners , with poet’s voice’s own - sister poet’s princess winning one last year . the tattersalls october £25 , 000 book 1 bonus is only for horses bought at book 1 of the tattersalls october yearling sale , that takes place from october 3 - 5 .
a book inspired by the poet’s life was released in 1973— black woman : a fictionalized biography of lucy terry prince , by bernard and jonathan katz . decades later , another title on her and her husband’s journey was published— mr . and mrs . prince : how an extraordinary eighteenth century family moved out of slavery and into legend ( 2008 ) , by gretchen holbrook gerzina .
poet lucy terry prince was born in west africa in the early half of the 18th century . captured by slave traders when she was a young girl , she was brought to america and eventually became a part of the wells household in deerfield , massachusetts . in 1746 , prince composed the poem
bars fight ,
the earliest known piece of literature created by an african american . upon marrying , prince achieved her freedom and had six children . renowned for her oration , she died in vermont in 1821 .
in her new life , lucy terry prince settled with her husband in guilford , vermont , eventually having six children . two of the prince progeny , cesar and festus , are believed to have fought in the revolutionary war . prince had also unsuccessfully petitioned for at least one of her children to attend williams college , giving a speech to representatives that was said to have lasted for three hours .
gwendolyn brooks was a postwar poet best known as the first african american to win a pulitzer prize , for her 1949 book annie allen .
jada pinkett smith , 44 , also honored prince on her facebook page thursday , paying tribute to the man she deemed a “genius artist . ”
in addition , some sources allege that prince argued before the u . s . supreme court in her family & apos ; s case against the false land claims of colonel eli bronson in sunderland , vermont . the prince family was said to have emerged victorious , but hundreds of years later a judicial library representative stated that there’s no legal record of prince ever arguing a case before the land’s highest bench . instead , in the mid - 1790s she might have been involved in a lower court ruling officiated by samuel chase , a judge who reportedly stated that prince’s eloquence surpassed that of lawyers .
broadus , edmund kemper . the laureateship : a study of the office of poet laureate in england . oxford : clarendon press , 1921 . print .
“the poet - laureateship . ” temple bar 106 ( december 1895 ) : 498 - 516 . periodicals archive online . web . 28 april 2012 .
maureen is joined by her lover , berenger , who discovers that he shares an extraordinary legacy with lorenzo the magnificent : both were born under the auspices of a prophecy found in the early writing of the bloodline , the prophecy of the poet prince . while berenger explores the daunting task of filling lorenzo’s place in the 21st century , he will come face to face with other characters from history who have shared the title of poet prince , and who had very deadly enemies . those enemies have equally dangerous descendants who carry a 500 - year - old vendetta against any who support lorenzo’s form of heresy .
2 . learn more about the life of lorenzo de medici , the godfather of the renaissance , in miles j . unger’s biography magnifico : the brilliant life and violent times of lorenzo de ' medici . compare the biography with the depiction of lorenzo de medici in the poet prince at your next book club meeting .
prince poet ( ven ) b . c , 2010 { 8 - g } dp = 5 - 2 - 14 - 5 - 0 ( 26 ) di = 1 . 17 cd = 0 . 27 - 9 starts , 4 wins , 2 places , 1 shows career earnings : bs . 270 . 605
lucy and abijah eventually returned to guilford . following her husband & apos ; s death in 1794 , prince moved back to sunderland , where she died in 1821 .
roy bates used his swashbuckling sense of adventure to found a micro - nation off the coast of england , the principality of sealand , and declare himself the reigning prince .
‘an unemployed poet . ’ “the laureateship - a suggestion . ” fun 59 ( 2 january 1894 ) : 10 . periodicals archive online . web . 28 april 2012 .
witt , marion . “yeats on the poet laureateship . ” modern language notes 66 ( june 1961 ) : 385 - 388 . jstor . web . 28 april 2012 .
on tuesday 6th march we celebrated our national prince ' s trust and tk maxx & homesense awards at the london palladium to honour the achievements of young people supported by the trust .
hannigan , d . f . “the new poet laureate . ” westminster review 145 ( january 1896 ) : 251 - 54 . periodicals archive online . web . 28 april 2012 .
kahan , jeffrey . “poet laureate . ” the oxford encyclopedia of british literature . ed . david scott kastan . oxford : oxford up , 2006 . 241 - 245 . print .
on tuesday 6th march 25 bloggers and youtubers joined us at the photographers’ gallery for our pre - event reception ahead of our national prince ' s trust and tk maxx & homesense awards .
even before tennyson died in october 1892 ( see fig . 1 ) , speculation had begun about the next poet laureate and the future of the office . as early as may 1890 the
austin served as poet laureate from 1 january 1896 until his death on 2 june 1913 . he was succeeded by robert bridges , the commentator in the bookman who had begun his letter : “in answer to the first of your two questions , i beg to say that the continuance or cessation of the poet laureateship is to me a matter of complete indifference” ( 54 ) .
brightcove . createexperiences ( ) ; a “stunned and heartbroken” will smith is mourning his friend prince , writing on facebook that he spoke to the legendary musician just one day before his shocking death .
ran an engraved portrait of the poet and his country house , swinford old manor in kent . ( see figs . 3 and 4 . ) periodicals for non - specialist readers , such as
the son of man shall choose when the time returns for the poet prince . he will inspire the hearts and minds of the people so as to illuminate the path of service and show them the way . this is his legacy , this , and to know a very great love . worldwide controversy surrounds author maureen paschal as she promotes her new bestseller—the explosive account of her discovery of a gospel
in this supersoul short , spoken - word artist and visionary filmmaker prince ea challenges the judgments attached to the color of our skin , and imagines the freedom to be seen for who we really are .
hodgson , w . earl . “mr . alfred austin , poet laureate . ” english illustrated magazine 150 ( march 1896 ) : 610 - 13 . periodicals archive online . web . 28 april 2012 .
starting his channel in 2003 , prince ea has reach billions of people across the internet inspiring them with his message of love . to check out his videos , click the button below to jump to the blog .
“who is to be the next poet laureate ? : aut swinburne , aut nullus . ” review of reviews 1 : 5 ( may 1890 ) : 398 . periodicals archive online . web . 28 april 2012 .
on 6 october 1892 alfred , lord tennyson , died at aldworth , his home in surrey ; six days later , the poet laureate was buried in westminster abbey . this essay explores the controversy in the periodical press that ensued over the appointment of his successor , the debate over whether the office should represent a royal or national appointment , and the aftermath of the choice of alfred austin as “poet laureate to her majesty” in january 1896 .
this book never really took off for me . the author switched back and forth between renaissance florence and modern times . the plot did not have much substance , and she doesn ' t seem to have come to any point with the poet prince . this book was supposed to be the last in a trilogy , but she is apparently planning another installment around anne boleyn and henry viii , who were thrown in as an epilogue to this book .
has maureen pascal found love at last ? the beautiful heroine of the bestselling the expected one ( 2006 ) and the book of love ( 2009 ) is in love with berenger sinclair , the current poet prince of the ancient bloodline prophecy . while promoting her newest bestseller about the discovery of a gospel written by jesus , maureen is shocked to hear that sinclair has fathered a child out of wedlock . is this the end of their love story ?
maureen and her fellow disciples of the order of the holy sepulcher ( sinclair , tammy , roland and peter ) travel to florence to study the teachings of the libro rosso with the mysterious spiritual master destino . is he really longinus gaius , the roman centurion who pierced the crucified jesus with his sword ? is his sword , called the spear of destiny , the key to sinclair’s salvation ? as the group studies ancient prophecies and artistic masterpieces of the renaissance , they learn more and more about the life and times of lorenzo de medici , the poet prince of the renaissance , and his true love , lucrezia donati . lorenzo and lucrezia were doomed to be apart . does this mean that the poet prince and the expected one will always be separated ? can sinclair and maureen break this cycle of doomed love ? will the golden age be restored , or will another religious group try to destroy the magdalene disciples and their heresy ?
richard hannon had another option in the urltoken novice median auction stakes but has plumped for newcomer ghepardo , who might give likely favourite rock of estonia something to think about , while compton prince is worth a look in the sprint that opens the card .
published an anonymous assessment , “tennyson : and after ? , ” which praised the high achievement of the nineteenth - century laureates , robert southey , william wordsworth , and alfred tennyson , and wondered whether any modern poet had comparable merit ( 624 ) . the
holly prince rupert 3 - 4 peveril pipette 4 - 5 - 6 burton starlight 5 priory starlight vii 5 - 6 oakley jonathan iii 5 - 6 merrie mercury 6 brookside spitfire 6 goodenough 6 brookside david 6 merrie mistral 6 inbred détaillé ( 12 gen . )
concludes , “scarcely another english poet can be named who has written so few faulty or unmelodious lines , and surely none who has more enriched and enlarged our resources of lyrical metre , or more nobly maintained the dignity of our dramatic blank verse” ( 628 ) .
was right about the man , though wrong about the date of the appointment . “with the new year’s honours comes the official announcement that ‘her majesty has been pleased to appoint alfred austin , esq . , to be poet laureate to her majesty’”—so reads the announcement in the
[ 2 ] only one poet signed his contribution , r [ obert ] b [ ridges ] , in letter iii . but we know from a letter yeats wrote to john o’leary that he is the author of letter ii ; see witt , 385 - 86 .
the poet prince took me on a tour of italy starting with the renaissance era and bringing me back to present day . it was filled with historical references as relates to places and actual events . the part that i really liked is how she gave artists of the renaissance era such as botticelli and michelangelo character . yea , we read about them in history and to tell the truth most times we don ' t pay attention . for instance , when she made references botticelli ' s painting ,
the birth of venus ,
i went
prince was captured at a very young age by slave traders and brought to rhode island . there she was believed to have been initially purchased by samuel terry , who lived in enfield , connecticut . when terry died in 1730 , she was eventually sent to live with ebenezer wells of deerfield , massachusetts . with the wells family , the intelligent and popular prince became a devout christian . she was baptized and became a full - time church member by her teen years . history also points to her learning how to read during her time with the wells .
“prince was one of the first artists to put me on game in regard to the industry . he was not only a genius artist , he was kind , funny , beautifully eccentric , curious , imaginative , magical , spiritual , rebellious and extremely intelligent , ” she wrote .
obviously , lord salisbury thought otherwise because , in november 1895 , the bookman opened its “news notes” column with this tidbit : “we are informed , on what appears to be reliable authority , that mr . alfred austin has been appointed poet laureate , and that the formal announcement may be expected about the middle of this month” ( 45 ) . austin , known as a poet for his idyllic english lyrics , was better known for his journalistic work as a leader writer for the national review and pro - conservative editor of the standard ( broadus 203 ) .
austin had his supporters—or , at least , his well - wishers—who sighed with relief that the laureateship was finally in the hands of a poet who would “fulfil its duties admirably” ( “literary looker - on” 268 ) . no doubt , they saw queen victoria’s diamond jubilee on the horizon and realized that an official poet was needed to commemorate the event . some of austin’s admirers praised his “spontaneous” lyrics that “breathe the air of english rural life” ( hannigan 252 ) ; others his character and love of his country “with an unsophisticated and exuberant pride” ( hodgson 613 ) . the
lucy remained with the household until 1756 , when she married abijah prince , a free black man . lucy was promptly emancipated as well , though it & apos ; s not certain if her new husband purchased her freedom from the wells or if the family simply relinquished her from servitude .
worldwide controversy surrounds author maureen paschal as she promotes her new bestseller—the explosive account of her discovery of a gospel written in jesus’ own hand . but a scandalous headline about her lover , bérenger sinclair , shatters maureen’s plans and sends her to florence . in tuscany , maureen and bérenger seek out their spiritual teacher destino , who insists the besieged couple study one of history’s great poet princes : lorenzo de’ medici , the godfather of the italian renaissance . bérenger is a poet prince of the ancient bloodline prophecy , and even across the centuries , his fate is intertwined with lorenzo de’ medici’s . bérenger must uncover the heretical secrets of the medici family—and the shocking truth behind the birth of the renaissance—if he is to fulfill his own destiny . these heretical secrets were hidden for a reason , and there are those who would stop at nothing to prevent bérenger’s assumption of his rightful role .
bbc sound of 2015 finalist , brit award nominee and london and south east celebrate success performer , george the poet is , quite simply , a rising star . that’s why , we asked him to pen an exclusive poem , inspired by the findings for our youth index 2015 ( pdf , 2mb ) report .
kathleen mcgowan’s first two novels in the magdalene line series have been bestsellers . the expected one ( 2006 ) began the story of journalist maureen pascal as she searched for secret scrolls written by mary magdalene describing her life with her husband , jesus . in the book of love ( 2010 ) , maureen explored the world of the mysterious countess matilda of tuscany as she hunted for a secret gospel written by jesus . the poet prince continues maureen’s story with a renaissance background . fans of mcgowan’s successful magdalene line books will be happy to hear that the series will continue . will shakespearean england be the next stop on maureen pascal’s spiritual journey ?
“i am stunned and heartbroken . i just spoke with him last night . today , jada & i mourn with all of you the loss of a beautiful poet , a true inspiration , and one of the most magnificent artists to ever grace this earth , ” smith , 47 , wrote in a facebook post thursday .
peterson , linda . “on the appointment of the ‘poet laureate to her majesty , ’ 1892 - 1896 . ” branch : britain , representation and nineteenth - century history . ed . dino franco felluga . extension of romanticism and victorianism on the net . web . [ here , add your last date of access to branch ] .
the unofficial , often amusing critiques of alfred austin as poet laureate came later in the year . owen seaman , in the battle of the bays ( 1896 ) , parodied the verse styles of the leading contenders , from swinburne at the head to austin in the rear . the austin parody mocks the journalistic pandering that won “alfred” the laureateship :
zabeel prince ( 4 . 30 ) can complete quick - fire doubles for atzeni and varian in the feature handicap over the extended mile . the gelding bolted - up in a nottingham maiden three weeks ago and looks to have been let in lightly from an opening mark of 86 . he is a confident selection to make a winning handicap debut .
de facto , the marcus and ward calendar gives its own ranking of the great poets and tweaks austin , the laureate , with a low ranking . swinburne and william morris had been the leading candidates in 1892 when tennyson died , and they get pride of place . other contenders in the interim years were alice meynell , margaret woods ( an academic poet , then wife of the president of trinity college , oxford ) , lewis morris , william watson , and jean ingelow . although the calendar includes alfred austin with the label “poet laureate” beneath his name , by virtue of its monthly assignment , it “ranks” him at the bottom , putting swinburne , meynell , and william morris at the forefront of the “modern poets . ” [ 4 ]
86 . mogha corb ( or mogha of the chariots ) , who was b . a . d . 167 , and attained a very old age . this prince , who became king of munster , which he governed for the space of twenty years , fought the memorable battle of gabhra or garristown , near dublin , against the monarch cairbre liffechar , a . d . 284 .
my passion for botticelli was one of the things that fueled my passion for this book . now , choosing a favorite was difficult to begin with , but it became even more challenging as i began to dig into the hidden symbols , stories and mysteries behind the art . if forced to choose one , it would have to be primavera . but there is an extraordinary series of frescoes in the private chapel of the medici palace , commissioned by cosimo and painted by benozzo gozzoli , that are some of the most magnificent works of art i have ever seen . a ten - year - old lorenzo is painted as the poet prince in a stunning reproduction of the parade he makes his debut in on the feast of the magi . as for poetry , i fell in love with lorenzo’s poetry and if space had allowed would have included it within the book . few know that lorenzo was considered a poet of extraordinary talents , and had he not been burdened by politics , we would likely be studying his literary works alongside dante . his poem written after the death of simonetta is hauntingly beautiful , and his poetry for lucrezia donati is bittersweet to say the least .
now remembered largely for his funky punctuation , e . e . cummings was for decades one of america’s most celebrated , controversial , and popular poets—the dashing , impecunious prince of greenwich village . in an adaptation from her new biography of cummings , susan cheever recalls one winter night in 1958 when the harris tweed - clad modernist , a longtime friend and mentor to her novelist father , rocked her teenage world .
lord salisbury has added a new terror to life . here is the poet laureate earning his butt of sherry by writing verses on dr . jameson and his raiders [ a south african misadventure ] and publishing them in the times . are we to expect for the future that every interesting event in the national life—a royal christening or a battle—is to be honoured in this way ? ( ‘mere outsider’ 63 )
three years after tennyson’s death , the laureateship remained unfilled . in june 1895 , however , soon after the conservative electoral victory , lord salisbury as prime minister moved to fill the vacancy . clement scott in the idler took up the pro - swinburne cause : “i care not if he be a persona grata or not at court ; it does not matter to me one fig if he has underwritten his fierce democratic and republican elegies with baby drivels and sonnets to pettitoes . this has nothing to do with it . . . . i should vote for the poet greatest in england after tennyson and browning” ( 413 ) . but lord salisbury let it be known that he was considering the appointment of a journalist—as a compliment to that modern literary profession . some poets were outraged , but coventry patmore used the rumor to nominate a woman writer who had excelled as both journalist and poet , alice meynell :
this reading group guide for the poet prince includes an introduction , discussion questions , ideas for enhancing your book club , and a q & a with author kathleen mcgowan . the suggested questions are intended to help your reading group find new and interesting angles and topics for your discussion . we hope that these ideas will enrich your conversation and increase your enjoyment of the book . description maureen follows her new teacher , destino , to florence where she begins training in the secret teachings of the order of the holy sepulcher , just as matilda did before her 1000 years ago . with destino , maureen discovers the story of lorenzo , the man who would be known to history as the magnificent . but maureen will learn that lorenzo’s driving obsession was not one of simple culture ; rather , he was creating a body of work to preserve a series of ancient secrets , secrets too powerful and dangerous to be committed to writing . lorenzo is aided by his mistress , the forbidden lover who obsesses him until he dies – and who acted as muse for some of the most famous and breathtaking paintings in the world . maureen is joined by her lover , berenger , who discovers that he shares an extraordinary legacy with lorenzo the magnificent : both were born under the auspices of a prophecy found in the early writing of the bloodline , the prophecy of the poet see more
a gifted wordsmith and captivating storyteller , prince used her skills to achieve a major milestone . her work
bars fight
( 1746 ) , which tells the story of a white settlers killed in an attack by native americans in deerfield , is the earliest known poem ever created by an african american . after being shared orally for more than a century , the work was published for the first time in 1855 in josiah g . holland’s history of western massachusetts .
in bestseller mcgowan ' s breathless , at times overly melodramatic third magdalene line novel ( after the book of love ) , researcher maureen paschal , who ' s been feverishly investigating the “confraternity of saint mary magdalen , ” uncovers juicy information about the gospel known as the libro rosso and the order of the holy sepulcher . she heads for florence , where her preternaturally ancient mentor , destino , reveals the arcane past of lorenzo de ' medici , “the great poet prince” and father of the renaissance . apparently , lorenzo secretly married lucrezia donati , the “colombina” or “little dove” featured in a number of botticelli paintings . maureen must also confront problems with her soul mate , scottish oil mogul bérenger sinclair , after a glamorous ex claims he ' s fathered her son . this quasi - christian historical fantasy confection slips back and forth in time with seamless ease . mary magdalene fans who enjoy wildly romantic conspiracy theories will be thrilled . ( june )
these labels were made up to divide us . i am not black , you are not white . drop the labels . don ' t forget to like , comment , and subscribe : urltoken more inspirational videos : i quit urltoken why most people die before age 25 urltoken everybody dies but not everybody lives urltoken download this spoken word piece here : urltoken or urltoken audio only version here : urltoken sign up for my motivational mailing list and newsletter urltoken artist / writer - prince ea urltoken urltoken / / @ princeea urltoken urltoken get an “i am not a label” shirt ! urltoken directed by - spencer sharp & prince ea urltoken urltoken shot , edited and colored by joseph lombardi urltoken vfx by hodja berlev urltoken urltoken urltoken music by raul ,
koba
vega and spencer sharp urltoken music by @ phantomape urltoken download the instrumental here : urltoken special thanks to travis blakely , djs neverendingstory , will engle , luke , subtractive inc and brainbox cameras . and a hugee thank you to all of the souls who were kind enough to be in and support this project . much love !
maureen paschal goes to florence , where she begins training in the secret teachings of the order of the holy sepulchre . under the guidance of her new teacher , destino , she discovers the fascinating story of lorenzo de medici - the godfather of the renaissance and the greatest patron of the arts in history . but lorenzo ' s obsession was not with culture alone . instead , he worked carefully to create a body of work which would preserve a series of ancient secrets - secrets too powerful and dangerous to be committed to writing . but maureen ' s most explosive discovery affects the person closest to her , as she realizes that her lover , berenger , shares an extraordinary legacy with lorenzo de medici . both men were born under the auspices of a prophecy found in the early writing of the bloodline - the prophecy of the poet prince . but as berenger and maureen explore the daunting task of filling lorenzo ' s place in the 21st century , they find themselves the subject of an ancient vendetta hell - bent on destroying the heresy and ending maureen ' s life in the process .
maureen paschal goes to florence , where she begins training in the secret teachings of the order of the holy sepulchre . under the guidance of her new teacher , destino , she discovers the fascinating story of lorenzo de medici - the godfather of the renaissance and the greatest patron of the arts in history . but lorenzo ' s obsession was not with culture alone . instead , he worked carefully to create a body of work which would preserve a series of ancient secrets - secrets too powerful and dangerous to be committed to writing . but maureen ' s most explosive discovery affects the person closest to her , as she realizes that her lover , berenger , shares an extraordinary legacy with lorenzo de medici . both men were born under the auspices of a prophecy found in the early writing of the bloodline - the prophecy of the poet prince . but as berenger and maureen explore the daunting task of filling lorenzo ' s place in the 21st century , they find themselves the subject of an ancient vendetta hell - bent on destroying the heresy and ending maureen ' s life in the process . show more
the third book in the magdalene line trilogy takes maureen to florence , where she begins training in the secret teachings of the order of the holy sepulcher . under the guidance of her new teacher , destino , she discovers the fascinating story of lorenzo de medici - the godfather of the renaissance and the greatest patron of the arts in history . but lorenzo ' s obsession was not with culture alone . instead , he worked carefully to create a body of work which would preserve a series of ancient secrets - secrets too powerful and dangerous to be committed to writing . but maureen ' s most explosive discovery affects the person closest to her , as she realizes that her lover , berenger , shares an extraordinary legacy with lorenzo de medici . both men were born under the auspices of a prophecy found in the early writing of the bloodline - the prophecy of the poet prince . but as berenger and maureen explore the daunting task of filling lorenzo ' s place in the 21st century , they find themselves the subject of an ancient vendetta hell - bent on destroying the heresy and ending maureen ' s life in the process .
they are all different experiences , because i become so personally and emotionally involved with the characters . with the expected one , i wrote that book over a ten year period as i was immersed in all of that research and the story kept changing as new details were revealed and confirmed . the book of love was the most arduous process – that was a very hard book to write because i felt a deep sense of responsibility to present the information contained within the libro rosso in a way that would be easy to accept – some of those concepts are earth shattering for those who have never heard them before . and i had to cut an awful lot of that book because it was very complex . further , i have a muse for each book , and those women set the tone for the process . mary madalene was wise yet powerful while matilda of tuscany was pure warrior queen who would not let me sleep until her story was told to her liking . colombina was a lovely muse , as was the tragic simonetta . poet prince was the most “fun” book i have ever written . i am now under the spell of anne boleyn , and this one is going to be quite a wild ride .
magazine’s “news and notes” ( 11 ) . it was clear that the choice of austin depended on his friendship with lord salisbury , his past work as a pro - conservative journalist , and his willingness to use poetry to support the government ( broadus 203 ; scheuerle ) . the deeply political nature of his appointment produced a chorus of complaints : that austin was a literary mediocrity ; that he had written disrespectfully of tennyson as a “namby - pamby” ( austin 9 ) , a poet who lacked manly power and failed to present models of grandeur and greatness to his readership ; and , perhaps worst of all , that the nation would now be subjected to endless political versifying :
dods’ hernandoshideaway ( 3 . 30 ) has paul mulrennan back in the plate after a disappointing effort last week at pontefract but is chanced once more for the mile and a quarter handicap . the selection was slowly away last monday in west yorkshire and ruined his chance by pulling too hard in the early stages . nevertheless , he ran well to finish third and boasts obvious claims from an unrevised mark . andrea atzeni makes the long journey up north and should make the trip worthwhile aboard jumira prince ( 4 . 00 ) for boss roger varian . the well - bred colt opened his account two starts ago and despite disappointing last time out at haydock is taken to bounce back in first - time headgear .
my father and i drove him home to patchin place . “he was the most brilliant monologuist i have known , ” wrote malcolm cowley , the novelist and critic , and that night , leaning forward from the backseat of our secondhand dodge , i was treated to one of cummings’s “virtuoso performances , ” as the poet archibald macleish called them . cummings was an unabashed and very funny rebel ; he also had an astonishingly mobile face and a flexible dancer’s body . he wasn’t just an inspired mimic ; he seemed to become the people he was imitating . to this day my 94 - year - old mother fondly remembers his imitations , his collapsible top hat , and his willingness to stand on his head for a laugh .
bien qu’ayant préféré « le livre de l’amour » , ce troisième tome est très bien documenté sur l’histoire de l’art et des personnes qui ont permis à celui - ci de s’étendre bien au - delà de l’italie . au fil de ses livres , kathleen mcgowan nous fait découvrir l’histoire d’une autre façon que celle apprise à l’école , elle nous donne envie d’aller plus loin , de faire nos propres recherches… mention spéciale pour la fin du livre qui nous dévoile le personnage du prochain tome qui ne devrait plus tarder et qui sera traduit en français . rome , an 61 de notre ère . les chrétiens sont de plus en plus menacés , antonin le pieux , empereur de rome les classe en deux catégories : les fanatiques prêts à mourir et les croyants compatissants qui utilisent leur foie pour aider les miséreux . félicita , mère de sept enfants fait partie des fanatiques , menés au tribunal car jugée coupable des victimes de la peste dû à sa croyance fanatique ainsi qu’à mourir elle et ses enfants pour rejoindre son défunt mari . malgré les supplications de petronella , l’épouse du sénateur , à lui faire entendre raison pour épargner la vie de ses plus jeunes enfants , félicita et tous ses enfants furent tués . une nouvelle ère commençait mais pas sous le meilleur hospice pour les chrétiens . congrégation de la sainte - apparition . le vatican , de nos jours . felicity , petite - nièce du père girolamo dipazzi a elle aussi des visions qui lui marque son corps de stigmates . son but : éliminer maureen qu’elle considère comme une usurpatrice . château des pommes - bleues , arques . tammy , en pleine folie créatrice découvre un indice sur son oeuvre préférée « le printemps » de botticelli . la prophétie du prince poète va mettre en péril la relation de bérenger et de maureen . tandis que l’on découvre l’histoire des peintres les plus illustres de la renaissance italienne , celle de lorenzo , il magnifico nous est révélée . alors que l’on apprend plus sur la prophétie du prince poète , maureen et bérenger vont recevoir une nouvelle des plus inattendue bouleversant tout sur son passage . un nouvel ennemi se profile et avance avec pour seul but tuer l’elue . c’est avec plaisir que l’on retrouve tammy et roland entraperçus épisodiquement dans le tome précédent mais aussi de découvrir ce qui s’est passé pour une autre personne très proche de maureen durant ces deux dernières années . le prince poète et l’élue doivent plus que jamais être unis pour affronter ce qui pourrait causer leurs pertes . la prophétie va s’accomplir mais sont - ils prêts à assumer leurs destinées ?
108 . dermod : son of turlogh mór ; in 1116 succeeded his brother , murtogh , as king of north munster ; m . sadhbh , dau . of teige maccarthy mór , prince of desmond ( see
maccarthy mór
pedigree , no . 108 ) , by whom he had issue—two sons , 1 . connor - na - catharach , and 2 . turlogh . the princess sadhbh , on the death of dermod , m . her cousin cormac magh - tamnagh maccarthy mór . dermod , in 1116 , was defeated by the hy - niall and their conacht relatives at ruadh - bheithach , near dunkellin , co . galway ; he d . in a . d . 1120 , was interred in killaloe , and was succeeded by his son connor , who , dying in 1142 , was succeeded by his brother , turloch .
120 . turlogh donn , who d . 1528 : son of teige - an - chomhaid ; married twice : first , to joan , dau . of thomas , eighth lord fitzmaurice ( see no . 13 on the
fitzmaurice
pedigree ) ; and , secondly , to raghnait , dau . of john macnamara , of clan coilcain , and by her had : i . connor ; ii . donogh ; iii . murrough , first earl of thomond and baron of inchiquin ; iv . teige , slain by pierce , earl of ormond ; v . dermod ; vi . margaret , m . to owen o ' rourke , of the county leitrim ; vii . slaine , m . to henry oge o ' neill , son of henry , prince of ulster ; viii . fionala , who m . manus o ' donnell , chief of tirconnell .
85 . cormac cas : second son of olioll olum , king of munster , by his wife sabh or sabina , daughter of conn of the hundred battles , and relict of macniadh ; he was one of the most distinguished champions of his time , and
remarkable for strength of body , dexterity , and courage .
he defeated the lagenians ( or leinster men ) in the battle of iorras damhsa , carmen ( or wexford ) , liamhan ( or dunlaven ) , tara , teltown , and samhna hill ; and the conacians in the famous battle of cruachan , in the county roscommon . cormac d . at dun - tri - liag , ( or the fort of the stone slabs ) , now
duntrileague ,
in the county limerick , of wounds received in the battle of samhna hill , from the spear of eochy of the red eyebrows , king of leinster . he was m . to samer , dau . of fionn maccumhal ( fionn maccoole ) , and sister of the poet oisin , by whom he left , with other children :
andrews , brian william , bem , superintendent , state apartments , st . james ' s palace . birbeck , eric clifford , for serv the queen . brown , insp peter anthony , met pol . for serv rty protection . burch , st , john alexander . for serv the r collection . clark , david george , locksmith / fitter , r household . curtis , mrs patricia , investiture clerk , central chancery of the orders of knighthood . fisher , david george william , lieutenancy offr , lord lieutenancy of south yorkshire . brandling - harris , sgt piers godwin , met pol . for serv rty protection . henderson , miss penelope jane , sec , r windsor horse show . kidner , james hippisley , formerly dep private sec to the prince of wales and the duchess of cornwall . marshall , stephen henry ronald , rvm , yeoman of the glass and china pantry , r household . pepper , ian john , formerly sen assurance offr , hm revenue and customs . potts , john , maintenance mgr , ascot racecourse . read , david john , dep superintendent , palace of holyroodhouse . taylor , michael john , assistant to the master of the household , finance , r household . thwaites , ms josephine elizabeth , project mgr , kew palace . wheaton , raymond , rvm , page of the chambers , r household .
110 . donal mór ( d . 1194 ) : son of turlogh ; the last king of north munster ; was m . to orlacan , dau . of dermod na gall macmorough ( by his wife , the dau . of o ' moore , prince of leix ) , and had mór , who married cathal craobh dearg o ' connor ( d . 1224 ) , the 51st christian king of conacht , with nine sons : 1 . donogh cairbreach ; 2 . murtogh dall , ancestor of the clan murtogh dall o ' brien , of hy - bloid , in the northeast of the co . clare ; 3 . connor ruadh ; 4 . murtogh fionn , ancestor of the clan turlogh fionn of the same territory ; 6 . donal conachtach , ancestor of clan donal conaghtaigh , of echtge , and subsequently of ara , in the county tipperary ; 7 . brian ( surnamed
of burren
) , ancestor of clan bhriain boirnigh ; 8 . connor , ancestor of clan connor guasanaigh ; 9 . dermod fiodhnuich , ancestor of the clan dermod fiodhniagh . in 1169 , this donal mór founded a religious house , afterwards the cathedral church on the site of the existing edifice in cashel ; in 1171 , he founded a nunnery in the city of limerick , but not a vestige of it remains . in 1172 , following the example of dermod maccarthy mór , king of south munster , he made henry ii . , king of england , a tender of his submission on the banks of the suir : —
piping peg ' s dam hobby mare ( lister ' s turk ) brocklesby betty ( curwen ' s bay barb ) brocklesby ( greyhound ) bay brocklesby ( partner [ crofts ] ) dairymaid ( bloody buttocks ) starling mare ( starling [ bolton ] ) allworthy mare ( allworthy ) a - la - grecque ( regulus ) . . . . . 23 - a cub mare ( cub ) turk mare ( turk ) . . . . . 23 - b
sampling of contemporary members of family 23 has found three mitochondrial dna haplotypes representative of three separate founder mares in family 23 . one of these is found in the trunk and both branches and is most plausibly representative of the family founder . another haplotype is found only in branch 23 - a , and the third only in branch 23 - b . both are most likely indicative of error at some point in the stud book record for those branches .
( gsb ) , appears on page 11 of the 5th , revised edition , of 1891 , in the first part . the introductory paragraph of this section says :
the following list of the earliest known mares , very few of which have been printed before as brood mares ( though the substance has been given in the miscellaneous pedigrees at the end of earlier editions ) , are combined with the imported eastern stallions , the source , with hardly any exception , of the whole of the so - called thorough - bred stock now existant . . .
the hobby mare , got by lister ' s turk , out of the duke of kingston ' s * piping peg . 1709 b c brocklesby , by the curwen bay barb . . . mr curwen 1711 ch f brocklesby betty , by ditto . . . mr curwen * piping peg had also a sister to the hobby mare , which was the dam in 1716 of mr pelham ' s hip , by the curwen bay barb . a sister to piping peg had a filly by hip , which was the dam of sir a hazlerigg ' s ringtail galloway , by the curwen bay barb , which was dam in 1737 of mr e o ' brien ' s patch or miss patch , by lord halifax ' s justice . miss patch was the dam in ireland of brutus , by old england , and patty , by tim ( son of squirt ) .
brocklesby betty , bred by mr pelham , in 1711 , got by the curwen bay barb , out of mr leedes ' s hobby mare , by the lister turk . 1721 gr f brocklesby , by greyhound . . . mr crofts 1723 ch c brocklesby , by woodcock . . . lord godolphin in 1722 missed to woodcock .
records from the 18th century , however , call this construction into question , and , in fact , suggest that considerable revision should be made .
the first record is an entry in cuthbert routh ' s stud - book , as published by c m prior in early records of the thoroughbred horse , 1924 . this particular pedigree is undated but is included in a section with pedigrees dated from 1725 to 1734 .
hipp was gott by mr pellham ' s bay barb , his dam by lister ' s turk , and was full sistr to piping pegg ; and hipp was full brothr to long megg . - per mr pellham .
this pedigree may be interpreted as saying that hip and long meg were both got by mr pelham ' s bay barb , and out of a full sister to piping peg , got by lister ' s turk .
the next record is an advertisement appearing on page 10 of the newcastle courant , for march 20 & 27 , 1724 - 5 . this reads :
these are to give notice , that the famous stallion call ' d , hip , late belonging to sir wm blacket , bar . is now in the possession of mr fenwick bowman of elfhils in northumberland , where any gentleman may have mares served , paying each mare one guinea : this stallion is full brother to long meg , and brockelsby ' s betty , got with pelham ' s barb , and out of hobby ' s mare , which was bred by mr leeds , and is now reckon ' d one of the most valued stud mares in all england , he challeng ' d all the 5 years old in england , which challenge was accepted , and run by a horse of mr pullien , being reckon ' d the best of that age ; but he was beat by hip , with a great deal of ease ; he was soon after , by a misfortune in one of his sweats , rendered uncapable of being any longer a training one .