calliostoma arx is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family calliostomatidae .

some authors place this taxon in the subgenus calliostoma ( benthastelena )

calliostoma arx

how can i put and write and define calliostoma arx in a sentence and how is the word calliostoma arx used in a sentence and examples ? 用calliostoma arx造句 , 用calliostoma arx造句 , 用calliostoma arx造句 , calliostoma arx meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .

' calliostoma arx
' is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family calliostomatidae .
calliostoma ( calliostoma ) swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : calliostoma ( calliostoma ) conulus linnaeus , c . , 1758
calliostoma adamsi brazier , 1895 : synonym of calliostoma comptum a . adams , 1855
calliostoma purpureocinctum hedley , 1894 : synonym of calliostoma comptum a . adams , 1855
calliostoma swainson , w . a . , 1840 type species : calliostoma ( calliostoma ) conulus linnaeus , c . , 1758
species calliostoma convexum w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as calliostoma africanum bartsch , 1915
species calliostoma capense thiele , 1925 accepted as calliostoma perfragile g . b . sowerby iii , 1903
species calliostoma albolineatum w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as calliostoma ornatum ( lamarck , 1822 )
calliostoma formosensis e . a . smith , 1907 synonym of calliostoma formosense e . a . smith , 1907
calliostoma poupineli ( montrouzier in souverbie & montrouzier , 1875 ) synonym of calliostoma comptum a . adams , 1855
calliostoma formosensis e . a . smith , 1907 : synonym of calliostoma formosense e . a . smith , 1907
calliostoma poupineli ( montrouzier in souverbie & montrouzier , 1875 ) : synonym of calliostoma comptum a . adams , 1855
new records of calliostoma and bathyfautor from vanuatu , fiji and tonga are listed . calliostoma ( fautor ) strobilos n . sp . , c . ( f . ) chlorum n . sp . , c . ( f . ) metabolicum n . sp . , c . ( ampullotrochus ) xylocinnamomum n . sp . and c . ( benthastelena ) arx n . sp . are described and compared with several similar calliostoma species from the indo - pacific of which most are illustrated .
species calliostoma formosensis [ sic ] accepted as calliostoma formosense e . a . smith , 1907 ( incorrect original spelling )
species calliostoma fernandesi boyer , 2006 accepted as calliostoma angolense boyer , 2007 ( invalid : junior homonym of calliostoma fernandesi rolán & monteiro , 2006 ; c . angolense is a replacement name )
calliostoma ( fautor ) iredale , t . , 1924 type species : calliostoma ( fautor ) comptum adams , a . , 1855
calliostoma formosum ( mcandrew & forbes , 1847 ) synonym of calliostoma occidentale ( mighels & c . b . adams , 1842 )
calliostoma ( tristichotrochus ) ikeba , 1942 type species : calliostoma ( tristichotrochus ) aculeatum aculeatum sowerby , g . b . iii , 1912
calliostoma formosum ( mcandrew & forbes , 1847 ) : synonym of calliostoma occidentale ( mighels & c . b . adams , 1842 )
species calliostoma adamsi brazier , 1895 accepted as calliostoma comptum ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as fautor comptus ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of calliostoma adamsi pilsbry , 1889 )
» species calliostoma ( calliostoma ) burnupi e . a . smith , 1899 accepted as dactylastele burnupi ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
species calliostoma echinatum dall , 1881 accepted as calliostoma caribbechinatum landau , van dingenen & ceulemans , 2017 ( invalid : junior secondary homonym of calliostoma echinatum ( millet , 1865 ) ; c . caribbechinatum is a replacement name )
» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) alisi b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma alisi b . a . marshall , 1995 ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) heros b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma xanthos b . a . marshall , 1995 ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) peregrinum b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma peregrinum b . a . marshall , 1995 ( original combination )
» species calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) xanthos b . a . marshall , 1995 represented as calliostoma xanthos b . a . marshall , 1995 ( original combination )
species calliostoma formosum ( mcandrew & forbes , 1847 ) accepted as calliostoma occidentale ( mighels & c . b . adams , 1842 ) ( junior synonym )
calliostoma expansum schepman , 1908 : synonym of enida japonica a . adams , 1860
species calliostoma expansum schepman , 1908 accepted as enida japonica a . adams , 1860
calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1890 type species : calliostoma ( ampullotrochus ) granulatum born , i . von , 1778
calliostoma bisculptum e . a . smith synonym of cantharidus bisculptus e . a . smith
calliostoma limatulum marshall , 1995 synonym of selastele limatulum b . a . marshall , 1995
calliostoma onustum odhner , 1924 synonym of selastele onustum b . a . marshall , 1995
species calliostoma rubroscalptum y . c . lee & w . l . wu , 1998
subgenus calliostoma ( kombologion ) clench & r . d . turner , 1960 represented as kombologion clench & r . d . turner , 1960 accepted as calliostoma swainson , 1840
subgenus calliostoma ( eutrochus ) a . adams , 1864 accepted as astele swainson , 1855
calliostoma bisculptum e . a . smith : synonym of cantharidus bisculptus e . a . smith
calliostoma limatulum marshall , 1995 : synonym of selastele limatulum b . a . marshall , 1995
calliostoma onustum odhner , 1924 : synonym of selastele onustum b . a . marshall , 1995
» species calliostoma ( calliotropis ) waikanae w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as calliostoma waikanae oliver , 1926 accepted as maurea waikanae ( oliver , 1926 ) ( basionym )
laetifautor iredale , t . , 1929 type species : calliostoma trepidum hedley , c . , 1907
calliostoma trepidum hedley , 1907 synonym of laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
calliostoma ( kombologion ) clench & r . d . turner , 1960 · accepted , alternate representation
» species calliostoma ( calliotropis ) pagoda w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as calliostoma ( maurea ) selectum ( dillwyn , 1817 ) accepted as maurea selecta ( dillwyn , 1817 )
calliostoma trepidum hedley , 1907 : synonym of laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
calliostoma rubropunctatum ( a . adams , 1851 ) synonym of laetifautor rubropunctatus ( a . adams , 1851 )
» species calliostoma ( mauriella ) wanganuicum w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as calliostoma ( maurea ) punctulatum ( martyn , 1784 ) accepted as maurea punctulata ( martyn , 1784 ) ( synonym )
calliostoma polychroma ( a . adams , 1851 ) : synonym of cantharidus polychroma ( a . adams , 1851 )
calliostoma rubropunctatum ( a . adams , 1851 ) : synonym of laetifautor rubropunctatus ( a . adams , 1851 )
» species calliostoma ( tristichotrochus ) gendalli b . a . marshall , 1979 represented as calliostoma gendalli b . a . marshall , 1979 accepted as tristichotrochus gendalli ( b . a . marshall , 1979 ) ( original combination )
species calliostoma bisculptum e . a . smith , 1906 accepted as jujubinus suarezensis ( p . fischer , 1878 )
species calliostoma comptum ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as fautor comptus ( a . adams , 1855 )
calliostoma ( kombologion ) clench , w . j . & r . d . turner , 1960 type species : unknowngenustype
calliostoma burnupi e . a . smith , 1899 synonym of dactylastele burnupi ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
calliostoma deceptum e . a . smith , 1899 synonym of laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
calliostoma regalis ( verrill & s . smith , 1880 ) synonym of calliotropis regalis ( verrill & smith , 1880 )
species calliostoma aucklandicum e . a . smith , 1902 accepted as coelotrochus chathamensis ( hutton , 1873 ) ( synonym )
species calliostoma farquhari g . b . sowerby iii , 1892 accepted as jujubinus suarezensis ( p . fischer , 1878 )
species calliostoma coronatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as calliostoma kanakorum b . a . marshall , 2001 accepted as benthastelena coronata ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) accepted as benthastelena kanakorum ( b . a . marshall , 2001 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of calliostoma coronatum quinn , 1992 ; c . kanakorum is a replacement name )
calliostoma is a genus of small to medium - sized sea snails with gills and an operculum , marine gastropod molluscs within the family calliostomatidae , the calliostoma top snails ( according to the taxonomy of taxonomy of gastropoda by bouchet & rocroi ( 2005 ) ) . previously this genus was placed within the family trochidae . calliostoma is the type genus of the family calliostomatidae .
calliostoma burnupi e . a . smith , 1899 : synonym of dactylastele burnupi ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
calliostoma deceptum e . a . smith , 1899 : synonym of laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
calliostoma regalis ( verrill & s . smith , 1880 ) : synonym of calliotropis regalis ( verrill & smith , 1880 )
subgenus calliostoma ( mauriella ) w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as maurea oliver , 1926 ( synonym )
species calliostoma antipodense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea antipodensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma aupourianum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea aupouriana ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma boucheti b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor boucheti ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma chesterfieldense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor chesterfieldensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma cristatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as benthastelena cristata ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma crossleyae e . a . smith , 1910 accepted as tristichotrochus crossleyae ( e . a . smith , 1910 )
species calliostoma diadematum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as benthastelena diademata ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma eminens b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea eminens ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma gendalli b . a . marshall , 1979 accepted as tristichotrochus gendalli ( b . a . marshall , 1979 )
species calliostoma gibbsorum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea gibbsorum ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
species calliostoma alertae b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea ( alertalex ) alertae ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( replacement name for calliostoma blacki ( dell , 1956 ) not c . blacki ( powell , 1950 ) )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) comptum ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as fautor comptus ( a . adams , 1855 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) gracile p . marshall , 1918 † accepted as maurea gracilis ( p . marshall , 1918 ) †
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) spectabile ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as maurea spectabilis ( a . adams , 1855 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) waikanae w . r . b . oliver , 1926 accepted as maurea waikanae ( oliver , 1926 )
species calliostoma aculeatum g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 accepted as tristichotrochus aculeatus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1912 )
species calliostoma correlatum ( c . a . fleming , 1943 ) † accepted as maurea correlata c . a . fleming , 1943 †
species calliostoma dnopherum ( r . b . watson , 1879 ) accepted as margarites dnopherus ( r . b . watson , 1879 )
species calliostoma deceptum e . a . smith , 1899 accepted as laetifautor deceptus ( e . a . smith , 1899 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( benthastelena ) coronatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as benthastelena kanakorum ( b . a . marshall , 2001 )
» species calliostoma ( benthastelena ) kanakorum b . a . marshall , 2001 accepted as benthastelena kanakorum ( b . a . marshall , 2001 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) antipodense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea antipodensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) aupourianum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea aupouriana ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) eminens b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea eminens ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) gibbsorum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea gibbsorum ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) jamiesoni b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea jamiesoni ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) maui b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea maui ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) penniketi b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea penniketi ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) regale b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as maurea regalis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) simulans b . a . marshall , 1994 accepted as maurea simulans ( b . a . marshall , 1994 )
species calliostoma arruense r . b . watson , 1880 accepted as calthalotia arruensis ( r . b . watson , 1880 ) ( original combination )
species calliostoma burnupi e . a . smith , 1899 accepted as dactylastele burnupi ( e . a . smith , 1899 ) ( original combination )
perron , f . e . ( 1975 ) .
carnivorous calliostoma ( prosobranchia : trochidae ) from the northeastern pacific
. veliger 18 : 52–54 .
marshall , b . a . ( 1995 ) .
a revision of the recent calliostoma species of new zealand
. the nautilus 108 : 83–127 .
» species calliostoma ( maurea ) correlatum ( c . a . fleming , 1943 ) † accepted as maurea correlata c . a . fleming , 1943 †
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) boucheti b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor boucheti ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) chesterfieldense b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor chesterfieldensis ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) houbricki b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor houbricki ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) metivieri b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor metivieri ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) necopinatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor necopinatus ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) paradigmatum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor paradigmatus ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) periglyptum b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor periglyptus ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) richeri b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor richeri ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
» species calliostoma ( fautor ) vaubani b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as fautor vaubani ( b . a . marshall , 1995 ) ( basionym )
clench w . & turner r . ( 1960 ) .
the genus calliostoma in the western atlantic
. johnsonia 4 ( 40 ) : 1 - 80 .
remarks . calliostoma delli tends to be broader than high ; one of the figured paratypes ( fig . 14 ) is unusually narrow , compared to most specimens on the type lot .
quinn , j . f . jr . ( 1992 ) .
new species of calliostoma and notes on some poorly known species from the western atlantic
. the nautilus 106 : 77–114 .
marshall , b . a . 1995 . a revision of the recent calliostoma species of new zealand ( mollusca : gastropoda : trochoidea ) . the nautilus 108 : 83 - 127 . [ details ]
» species calliostoma ( otukaia ) alertae b . a . marshall , 1995 accepted as otukaia blacki ( dell , 1956 ) accepted as maurea ( alertalex ) alertae ( b . a . marshall , 1995 )
contrary to what is the case in most other top shells , calliostoma deposits its eggs in gelatinous ribbons that are only fertilized after being deposited . the young emerge as small snails ( lebour , 1936 ) without passing through a free - living planktonic stage as a veliger larva .
( of trochus ( calliostoma ) swainson , 1840 ) swainson w . ( 1840 ) a treatise on malacology or shells and shell - fish . london , longman . viii + 419 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 218 , 351 [ details ]
currently , calliostoma is being treated in worms as a broad genus . it is expected to be broken up and ( some ) subgenera will be elevated to the status of genus . at this moment ( 2013 ) , information is too fragmentary to assign all species in a revised genus .
holotype for calliostoma atlantoides quinn , 1992 catalog number : usnm 860261 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry locality : st . lucia , caribbean sea , north atlantic ocean depth ( m ) : 417 to 589 vessel : pillsbury r / v
new records of live known calliostomatidae species from eastern and central tropical pacifie are listed , extending the distribution area of some of them . four new species are described and compared with similar species : calliostoma haapaiensis n . sp . , c . vaubanoides n . sp . , c . mesemorinon n . sp . and c . polysarkon n . sp .
after more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .
last week - on may 30 and 31st – 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .
on 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .
the 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to françois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .
in 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .
the scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .
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selastele marshall , b . a . , 1995 type species : selastele onustum odhner , n . h . j . , 1924
photinastoma powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : photinastoma taeniatum sowerby , g . b . i , 1825
photinula adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1854 type species : unknowngenustype
venustatrochus powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : venustatrochus georgianus powell , a . w . b . , 1951
akoya habe , t . , 1961 type species : akoya akoya kuroda , t . in ikeba , 1942
coralastele iredale , t . , 1930 type species : coralastele allanae iredale , t . , 1930
maurea oliver , w . r . b . , 1926 type species : maurea tigris gmelin , j . f . , 1791
astele swainson , w . a . , 1855 type species : astele subcarinata swainson , w . a . , 1855
astelena iredale , t . , 1924 type species : astelena scitulum adams , a . in adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1854
benthastelena iredale , t . , 1936 type species : benthastelena katherina iredale , t . , 1936
falsimargarita powell , a . w . b . , 1951 type species : falsimargarita gemma smith , e . a . , 1915
bathyfautor marshall , b . a . , 1995 type species : bathyfautor rapuhia marshall , b . a . , 1995
dactylastele marshall , b . a . , 1995 type species : dactylastele poupineli montrouzier , r . p . , 1875
fautrix marshall , b . a . , 1995 type species : fautrix candida marshall , b . a . , 1995
phenacomargarites marshall , b . a . , 2016 type species : phenacomargarites williamsae marshall , b . a . , 2016
margarella thiele , j . in troschel , f . h . & j . thiele , 1893 type species : margarella expansa sowerby , g . b . i , 1838
thysanodonta marshall , b . a . , 1988 type species : thysanodonta aucklandica marshall , b . a . , 1988
bruceina özdikmen , h . , 2013 type species : bruceina eos marshall , b . a . , 1988
carinastele marshall , b . a . , 1988 type species : carinastele kristelleae marshall , b . a . , 1988
dimensions : height 29 . 6 mm . diameter 30 . 9 min ( holotype , fig . 13 ) : height 24 . 3 mm , diameter 23 . 2 mm ( paratype , fig . 14 ) ; height 29 . 0 mm , diameter 26 . 0 ( paratype . fig . 15 ) .
material . chile : los vilos ( lacm , type lot , figs . 13 - 15 ) , papudo , zapallar , algarrobo , punta penablanca ( lacm ) , pichilemu , constitución . specimens examined : 114 .
type material . thirty - three specimens from the type locality , collected 29 may 1977 , by andrade , shrimp trawler goden wind , holotype , lacm 1980 ; paratypes , lacm 1981 ; paratypes , mnhn 200489 ; paratypes , mzicb 15 . 528 ; paratypes , usnm 784738 .
type locality . 400 m off los vilos , chile ( 31°56 ' s : 71°54 ' w ) .
distribution . los vilos ( 31°56 ' s ) to constitución , chile ( 35°20 ' s ) . depth range 200 - 450 m .
diagnosis . a species of the subgenus otukaia characterized by having three spiral cords prominent at all growth stages . it differs from the similarly sculptured c . blacki ( dell , 1956 ) from new zealand ( see dell , 1956 : 46 , pl . 7 , fig . 6 ) in being lower spired , and in having a weaker subsutural ( first ) cord and a stronger second cord .
etymology . we are pleased to name this species in honor of dr . richard k . dell of the national museum of new zealand , wellington . ”
mclean , j . h . and h . andrade . 1982 . large archibenthal gastropods of central chile : collections from an expedition of the r / v anton bruun and the chilean shrimp industry . los angeles county museum , contributions in sciences , 342 : 1 - 20 . urltoken ; = 2316
unconfirmed _ type : mclean , j . & andrade , h . 1982 . contributions in science ( natural history museum of los angeles county ) . 342 : 1 - 20 , figs . 1 - 56 .
holotype : quinn , j . f . 1992 . the nautilus . 106 ( 3 ) : 102 .
unconfirmed type : mclean , j . & andrade , h . 1982 . contributions in science ( natural history museum of los angeles county ) . 342 : 1 - 20 , figs . 1 - 56 .
depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 274 - 274 temperature range ( °c ) : 12 . 462 - 12 . 462 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 16 . 704 - 16 . 704 salinity ( pps ) : 35 . 456 - 35 . 456 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 3 . 043 - 3 . 043 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 1 . 235 - 1 . 235 silicate ( umol / l ) : 5 . 700 - 5 . 700 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
stocks , k . 2009 . seamounts online : an online information system for seamount biology . version 2009 - 1 . world wide web electronic publication .
the distribution of this genus is worldwide , found mainly on hard substrata , although japanese species have been found on sandy bottoms . these snails occur from shallow waters to bathyal depths .
the rather thin , acute , coeloconoid ( = approaching conical shape but with concave sides ) shell is imperforate or rarely umbilicate . the whorls are smooth , often polished and spirally ridged or granular . the
perron , frank e . ; turner r . d . ( 1978 ) .
dall w . h . 1889 . reports on the results of dredging , under the supervision of alexander agassiz , in the gulf of mexico ( 1877 - 78 ) and in the caribbean sea ( 1879 - 80 ) , by the u . s . coast survey steamer
blake
, lieut . - commander c . d . sigsbee , u . s . n . , and commander j . r . bartlett , u . s . n . , commanding . xxix . report on the mollusca . part 2 , gastropoda and scaphopoda . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoölogy at harvard college 18 : 1 - 492 , pls . 10 - 40
vilvens c . ( 2012 ) new species and new records of seguenzioidea and trochoidea ( gastropoda ) from french polynesia . novapex 13 ( 1 ) : 1 - 23 . [ 10 march 2012 ] page ( s ) : 18
williams , s . t . ; k . m . donald , h . g . spencer and t . nakano ( march 2010 ) .
vilvens c . ( 2009 ) . new species and new records of calliostomatidae ( gastropoda : trochoidea ) from new caledonia and solomon islands . novapex 10 ( 4 ) : 125 - 163
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organic farming - externalities - biodiversity . . . nearly all non - crop , naturally occurring species observed in comparative farm land practice studies show a preference for organic farming both by . . . an average of 30 % more species inhabit organic farms . . . many weed species attract beneficial insects that improve soil qualities and forage on weed pests . . .
nemertea - taxonomy . . . comprises 100 marine species . . . comprises about 400 species . . . includes seven species , of which six live as commensals in the mantle of large clams and one in that of a freshwater snail . . .
nemertea - description - nervous system and senses . . . most nemertean species have just one pair of nerve cords , many species have additional paired cords , and some species also have a dorsal cord . . . in some species the cords lie within the skin , but in most they are deeper , inside the muscle layers . . . some species have paired cerebral organs , sacs whose only openings are to the outside . . .
orthoptera - life cycle . . . orthopteroid species have a paurometabolous life cycle or incomplete metamorphosis . . . the use of sound is generally crucial in courtship , and most species have distinct songs . . . the number of moults varies between species growth is also very variable and may take a few weeks to some months depending on food availability and weather conditions . . .
nemertea . . . all species have a proboscis which lies in the rhynchocoel when inactive but everts ( turns inside - out ) to emerge just above the mouth and capture the animal ' s prey with venom . . . a few species with stubby bodies filter feed and have suckers at the front and back ends , with which they attach to a host . . . most nemerteans have various chemoreceptors , and on their heads some species have a number of pigment - cup ocelli , which can detect light but not form an image . . .
to survive in a world full of stimuli ; but it prevents the survival of the aristocracy .
the question that will decide our destiny is not whether we shall expand into space . it is : shall we be one
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, a revision of the recent species of exilia , formerly benthovoluta ( gastropoda : turbinellidae ) .
, protoconchs , dispersal and tectonic plates biogeography : new pacific species of morum ( gastropoda : harpidae ) .
morum clatratum n . sp . and morum roseum n . sp . are described from depths of 100 - 200 m in the marquesas islands . mode of development inferred from protoconch morphology and comparison with the protoconchs of harpa with teleplanic larvae suggests that the new species have planktotrophic larval development , and that they are expected to range widely outside the marquesas . in addition , morum kurzi , m . macdonaldi , and m . teramachii , with inferred planktotrophic development , and m . watanabei , with inferred non - planktotrophic development , are newly recorded from south pacific localities . the distribution of individual species of morum appears to reflect dispersal during the planktonic phase , rather than movement of the lithospheric plates on the geological scale . the caribbean morum oniscus and m . lamarckii , respectively with inferred non - planktotrophic and planktotrophic development , are treated as separate valid species .
, new worldwide cowries . descriptions of new taxa and revisions of selected groups of living cypraeidae ( mollusca : gastropoda )
, a new pleurotomariid ( gastropoda : pleurotomariidae ) from tonga islands , south pacific , bayerotrochus poppei sp . nov .
bayerotrochus poppei sp . nov . is hereby described and compared with other species of bayerotrochus from the south pacific .
castro , peter , williams , austin b . , cooper , lara l . , 2003 , revision of the family latreilliidae stimpson , 1858 ( crustacea , decapoda , brachyura ) , zoosystema , 25 , 4 , 601 - 634
phos alabastrum sp . nov . and p . boucheti sp . nov . are characterized by a striking bicarinate protoconch , a character they hâve in common with the carribean species oï antillophos woodring , 1928 . the colour of the protoconch and the absence of strong sculpture on the teleoconch distinguish both species from the australian p . sciilptilis watson , 1886 . p . deforgesi sp . nov . differs from the preceding species and from some species of h inia ( nassariidae ) in having a siphonal notch .
, the deep - water indo - pacific radiation of fusinus ( chryseofusus subgen . nov . ) ( gastropoda : fasciolariidae )
ofwegen , l . p . van , hartog , koos den , fautin , daphne g . , den hartog , j . c .
the sea anemone species isactinernus quadrilobatus carlgren , 1918 , and synactinernus fiavus carlgren , 1918 , which were described in new monotypic genera from few specimens collected in southern japan , are synonymized , based on many more specimens from the south pacific . as well as the geographic range , the depth range of this species has been extended to 110 - 700 m . the species had been distinguished primarily on whether the oral dise had four lobes ( i quadrilobatus ) or eight ( synactinernus flavus ) - we conclude their number is largely related to size of the animal . other features that carlgren had used to differentiate the genera ( and species ) are inconsistently present and do not correlate with lobe number .
bail , patrice , poppe , guido t . , groh , klaus , 2004 , the tribe lyriini . a revision of the recent species of the genera . lyria , callipara , harpulina , enaeta and leptoscapha , a conchological iconography , ix , 5 - 72
bail p . , poppe g . , 2004 , a conchological iconography . the tribe lyriini : a revision of the recent species of the genera lyria , callipara , harpulina , enaeta and leptoscapha . in conchbooks , 1 - 93
bamber , roger norman , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand
chan , tin‐yam , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand
, the ‘‘plesionika rostricrescentis ( bate , 1888 ) ’’ and ‘‘p . lophotes chace , 1985’’ species groups of plesionika bate , 1888 , with descriptions of five new species ( crustacea : decapoda : pandalidae )
hymenopenaeus obliquirostris ( bate , 1881 ) , a relatively poorly known species , is redescribed , figured and compared with h . halli bruce , 1966 . two other species of hymenopenaeus , h . methalli from the southwest pacific and h . fallax from hawaii , are described as new . all these species are closely related to one another . they are distinguished essentially by the presence or absence of a postrostral carina , the presence or absence of a fixed spine on the merus of the first pereopods , and the shape of parts of the thelycum and petasma .
galil , bella s . , 2004 , a new genus and species of leucosiid crabs ( crustacea , decapoda , brachyura ) from the indo - pacific ocean , zoosystema , 26 , 3 , 495 - 502
, on the genus cycloscala dall , 1889 ( gastropoda : epitoniidae ) in the indo - pacific , with comments on the type species , new records of known species , and the description of three new species .
all described indo - pacific taxa referable to the epitoniid genus cycloscala dall , 1889 are listed and evaluated . the type species , cycloscala echinaticosta ( d ' orbugny , 1842 ) is discussed . four described inod - pacific cycloscala species , considered valid herewith , are treated : cycloscala crenulata pease , 1867 ; c . gazae kilburn , 1985 ; c . hyalina sowerby ii , 1844 ; and c . revoluta hedley , 1899 . three new species are described : cycloscala armata , c . sardella , and c . montrouzieri .
hayashi , ken - ichi , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand
, revision of the pasiphaea cristata bate , 1888 species group of pasiphaea savigny , 1816 , with descriptions of four new species , and referral of p . australis hanamura , 1989 to alainopasiphaea hayashi , 1999 ( crustacea : decapoda : pasiphaeidae )
a new cratigonid genus and species , pseudopontophilus serratus n . gen . , n . sp . , is established from the southwestern pacific . the new genus is closely related to pontophilus leach , 18 17 and parapontophilus christoffersen , 1988 in having at least one pair of lateral teeth oil the rostrum and a postorbital suture on the carapace . it is distinguished from both pontophilus and parapontophilus in the completely loss of exopod on the first pereopod and the less reduced second pereopod . considerable variation in the number of median spines oil the carapace , which not appear to be correlated with either size or sex , is found in this new species .
komai , tomoyuki , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand
, a review of the indo - west pacific species of the genus glyphocrangon a . milne - edwards , 1881 ( excluding the g . caeca species group ) ( crustacea : decapoda : caridea : glyphocrangonidae )
, nassarius boucheti spec . nov . , a deep water species from the western pacific ( gastropoda , prosobranchia , nassariidae )
a new nassarius deep water species is described from the western pacific . the material was collected during several expeditions of the museum national d ' histoire nature lie , paris .
lemaitre , rafael , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand
macpherson , enrique , marshall , bruce a . , richer de forges , bertrand , 2004 , species of the genus munida leach , 1820 and related genera from fiji and tonga ( crustacea : decapoda : galatheidae ) , tropical deep - sea benthos , mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , 23 , 191 , 231 - 292
mclaughlin , patsy a . , 2004 , redescription of tomopaguroides valdiviae ( balss , 1911 ) ( crustacea , decapoda , anomura , paguroidea , paguridae ) with notes on variation and female morphology , zoosystema , 26 , 3 , 469–482
norman , mark d . , boucher - rodoni , renata , hochberg , f . g .
, two new western pacific deep water species of nassarius ( gastropoda : prosobranchia : nassariidae ) : nassarius herosae sp . nov . and nassarius vanpeli sp . nov .
during several expeditions by the museum national d ' histoire naturel , paris , two hereby described deep water species of nassarius were collected .
, new species and new records of danilia ( gastropoda : chilodontidae ) from the western pacific .
new records of danilia species from the west - pacific are listed . danilia angulosa n . sp . , d . galeata n . sp . and d ; discordata n . sp . are described and compared with similar danilia species . a key to wetern pacific danilia species , including the new species , is proposed . the recent worldwide species of danilia , the number of which reach now therefore 11 , are listed with their main distinctive features in an appendix .
ahyong , shane t . , galil , bella s . , 2006 , polychelidae from the southern and western pacific ( decapoda , polychelida ) , zoosystema , 28 , 3 , 757 - 767
a new species of a turrid gastropod is described and compared with similar species . the new species has been collected in japan from okinawa prefecture and from wakayama prefecture , central honshu . it has also been taken off aliguay island in northern mindanao province , philippine islands , and from several localities in the western pacific . the nes species has a brown maculate pattern with numerous dark brown spots , a brownfish purple siphonal process and a rather deep , with anal sinus .
, penaeopsis bate , 1881 ( crustacea , decapoda , penaeidae ) récoltées dans le pacifique sud - ouest par les campagnes françaises depuis 1976 . description d ' une espèce nouvelle
the pasiphaea alcocki species group is treated herewith , as the third group of the genus pasiphaea savigny , 1816 . the group is primarily characterized by a deeply concave posterior margin of the telson and the distinctly carinate dorsal margin of the carapace and abdomen . the meri of the first and second pereopods are always armed with many spines , and the ischium and / or basis of the second pereopods are sometimes armed with spines . the group comprises 17 species including two new species both from musorstom material , pasiphaea ledoyeri n . sp . and pasiphaea major n . sp . , which are large size species . p . berentsae kensley , tranter & griffin , 1987 is proved to be a junior synonym of p . barnardi yaldwyn , 1971 . p . balssi burukovsky & romensky ; , 1987 is probably a junior synonym of p . rathbunae ( stebbing 1914a ) . a key to the species of p . alcocki group is presented . each species is diagnosed and most species are redescribed and / or figured .
a new genus and species , choneteuthis tongaensis gen . et sp . nov . , is described from the waters around tonga in the central south pacific ocean . the new genus does not clearly fit in any of the currently recognized subfamilies of the family sepiolidae , justifying a reconsideration of the subfamilial subdivision of the family .
, annotated catalogue of brachyuran type specimens ( crustacea , decapoda , brachyura ) deposited in the muséum national d’histoire naturelle , paris . part i . podotremata
o’hara , timothy d . , 2007 , seamounts : centres of endemism or species richness for ophiuroids ? , global ecology and biogeography , 16 , 6 , 720 - 732 doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1466 - 8238 . 2007 . 00329 . x
, new species and new records of calliotropis ( gastropoda : chilodontidae : calliotropinae ) from indo - pacific .
new records of 25 calliotropis species from the indo - pacific area are listed , extending the distribution area of some of them . 30 new species and 1 new subspecies are described and compared with similar calliotropis species : c . conoeides n . sp . ; c . helix n . sp . ; c . cynee n . sp . ; c . chalkeie n . sp . ; c . ptykte n . sp . ; c . solomonensis n . sp . ; c . pistis n . sp . ; c . echidnoides n . sp . ; c . cycloeides n . sp . ; c . pyramoeides n . sp . ; c . coopertorium n . sp . ; c . asphales n . sp . ; c . nux n . sp . ; c . oros n . sp . ; c . oros marquisensis n . ssp . ; c . zone n . sp . ; c . hysterea n . sp . ; c . stegos n . sp . ; c . oregmene n . sp . ; c . cooperculum n . sp . ; c . keras n . sp . ; c . denticulus n . sp . ; c . dicrous n . sp . ; c . rostrum n . sp . ; c . pheidole n . sp . ; c . siphaios n . sp . ; c . nomisma n . sp . ; c . nomismasimilis n . sp . ; c . elephas n . sp . ; c . ostrideslithos n . sp . ; c . trieres n . sp .
baba , keiji , macpherson , enrique , poore , gary c . b . , ahyong , shane t . , bermudez , adriana , cabezas , patricia , lin , chia - wei , nizinski , martha , rodrigues , celso , schnabel , kareen e .
beu , alan g . , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe
, recent deep - water cassidae of the world . a revision of galeodea , oocorys , sconsia , echinophoria and relatedtaxa , with new genera and species ( mollusca , gastropoda )
dijkstra , henk h . , maestrati , philippe , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe
fifty - two deep - water species of pectinoidea ( 37 propeamussiidae , 1 entoliidae , 14 pectinidae ) are listed from norfolk ridge ( 11 species ) , loyalty islands ( 4 species ) , fiji islands ( 30 species ) , tonga ( 26 species ) , solomon islands ( 26 species ) and the marquesas archipelago ( 8 species ) . all species from fiji , tonga and the marquesas are new records and six species of propeamussiidae are new to science : propeamussium boucheti ( fiji and tonga ) , parvamussium biformatum ( solomons ) , parvamussium lozoueti ( fiji and tonga ) , parvamussium marquesanum ( marquesas ) , parvamussium polynesianum ( marquesas ) and similipecten herosae ( tonga ) . two new combinations ( hyalopecten tydemani , talochlamys gladysiae ) are introduced .
houart , roland , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe
lozouet , pierre , maestrati , philippe , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe
a little less than 100 species of cones are known in the literature from waters around the fiji islands , all intertidal to subtidal . we report here on the species taken by recent offshore and deep - water benthic sampling expeditions . samples were taken to depths of 1300 m , although cones were taken not deeper than 680 m . leaving aside two taxa of uncertain identity , the material contains 22 species from depths deeper than 100 m , all of which are new records for fiji , including four new species ( conus cakobaui spec . nov . , alive in 414 - 567 m ; c . joliveti spec . nov . , alive in 150 - 353 m ; c . fijisulcatus spec . nov . , alive in 150 - 188 m ; and c . gigasulcatus spec . nov . , alive in 290 - 300 m ) . a further 19 species are from depths shallower than 100 m , and these include six new records for fiji , including two new species ( c . fijiensis spec . nov . , alive in 80 - 120 m ; and c . sutanorcum spec . nov . , alive in 32 - 50 m ) .
oliverio , marco , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe
richer de forges , bertrand , ng , peter k . l . , 2008 , new records of deep - sea spider crabs of the genus cyrtomaia miers , 1886 , from the pacific ocean , with description of a new species ( crustacea : decapoda : brachyura : majidae ) , zootaxa , 1861 , 17 - 28
scarabino , victor , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe
a supplementary list of material examined is provided , completing the list given in a recently published paper revising the genus spinosipella worldwide ( simone & cunha , 2008 ) . most of the material belongs to the muséum national d’histoire naturelle , paris , france .
valdés , ángel , héros , virginie , cowie , robert h . , bouchet , philippe
ahyong , shane t . , ng , peter k . l . , 2009 , the cymonomidae of the philippines ( crustacea : decapoda : brachyura ) , with descriptions of four new species , the raffles bulletin of zoology , suppl . 20 , 233 - 246
lorenz f . , fehse d . , 2009 , the living ovulidae : a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . , conchbooks
three new genera and five new species of epialtid majoid crabs are described from deep water in the western pacific . two new species of oxypleurodon miers , 1886 : o . sanctaeclausi n . sp . and o . annulatum n . sp . are described from the philippines . new specimens of the rare oxypleurodon carbunculum ( rathbun , 1906 ) from the hawaiian islands are also recorded . three new genera are established : garthinia n . gen . for g . disica n . sp . from the solomon islands ; guinotinia n . gen . for g . cordis n . sp . from new caledonia and g . lehouarnoi n . sp . from fiji and tonga ; and laubierinia n . gen . for sphenocarcinus nodosus rathbun , 1916 , and rochinia carinata griffin & tranter , 1986 .
, taxonomic revision of the genus paramunida baba , 1988 ( crustacea : decapoda : galatheidae ) : a morphological and molecular approach .
castro p . , 2010 , a new species and new records of palicoid crabs ( crustacea , decapoda , brachyura , palicoidea , palicidae , crossotonotidae ) from the indo - west pacific region , zoosystema , 32 , 1 , 73 - 86 doi : 10 . 5252 / z2010n1a3
o’hara , timothy d . , tittensor , derek p . , 2010 , environmental drivers of ophiuroid species richness on seamounts : ophiuroid seamount species richness , marine ecology , 31 , suppl . 1 , 26 - 38 doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1439 - 0485 . 2010 . 00373 . x
rowden , ashley a . , schnabel , kareen e . , schlacher , thomas a . , macpherson , enrique , ahyong , shane t . , richer de forges , bertrand
bouchet , philippe , kantor , yuri i . , sysoev , alexander v . , puillandre , nicolas
o ' hara , timothy d . , rowden , ashley a . , bax , nicholas j .
geiger , daniel l . , 2012 , monograph of the little slit shells . volume 1 . introduction , scissurellidae , santa barbara museum of natural history monographs , santa barbara museum of natural history , 1 , 7
geiger , daniel l . , 2012 , monograph of the little slit shells . volume 2 . anatomidae , larocheidae , depressizonidae , sutilizonidae , temnocinclidae , santa barbara museum of natural history monographs , santa barbara museum of natural history , 2 , 7
fourteen species of muricidae referable to the ( sub ) genera promurex ponder & vokes , 1988 , pygmaepterys vokes , 1978 , murexsul lredale , 1915 , pazinotus vokes , 1970 , prototyphis ponder , 1972 , ponderia houart , 1986 , gemixystus iredale , 1929 , leptotrophon houart , 1995 and scabrotrophon mclean , 1996 are reported from new caledonia , the solomon islands and taiwan , to depths down to 1750 m . five new species are described : favartia ( pygmaepterys ) lifouensis n . sp . from new caledonia with range extension to the solomon islands , pazinotus chionodes n . sp . and gemixystus calcareus n . sp . from new caledonia , leptotrophon wareni n . sp . from the solomon islands and favartia ( pygmaepterys ) circinata n . sp . from taiwan .
two new species of timbellus are described from the coral sea and the new caledonia region with extension to fiji , tonga and the kermadec islands for one species . both species are compared to t . richeri ( houart , 1987 ) and t . vespertilio ( kuroda , 1959 ) . nine species of the genus timbellus are recorded from the coral sea and the new caledonia region . ouly one , t . bilobatus n . sp . is known from other localities in the indo - west pacific province .
kantor , yuri i . , puillandre , nicolas , rivasseau , audrey , bouchet , philippe
, neither a buccinid nor a turrid : a new family of deep - sea snails for belomitra p . fischer , 1883 ( mollusca , neogastropoda ) with a review of recent indo - pacific species
kilburn , richard n . , fedesov , alexander e . , olivera , baldomero m .
ahyong , shane t . , chan , tin‐yam , corbari , laure , ng , peter k . l .
lemaitre , rafael , ahyong , shane t . , chan , tin - yam , corbari , laure , ng , peter k . l .
ma , ka yan , chu , ka hou , ahyong , shane t . , chan , tin‐yam , corbari , laure , ng , peter k . l .
rouse , greg w . , jermiin , lars s . , wilson , nerida g . , eeckhaut , igor , lanterbecq , deborah , oji , tatsuo , young , craig m . , browning , teena , cisternas , paula , helgen , lauren e . , stuckey , michelle , messing , charles g .
roux , michel , eléaume , marc , hemery , lenaïg g . , améziane , nadia
six new species of the genus nassarius duméril , 1805 are described , based on material collected from the coral triangle and the south pacific . we combine traditional morphology - based descriptions with the molecular ( cytochrome c oxidase i - coi ) signature of the new species . new species are : nassarius ocellatus sp . nov . ( philippines to vanuatu ) , nassarius houbricki sp . nov . ( solomon islands to queensland and tonga ) , nassarius radians sp . nov . ( philippines to vanuatu ) , nassarius vanuatuensis sp . nov . ( vanuatu ) , nassarius velvetosus sp . nov . ( western australia to fiji ) and nassarius martinezi sp . nov . ( solomon islands to tonga ) .
vilvens , claude , williams , suzanne t . , herbert , david g .
a new genus , arxellia , is described in the family solariellidae . nine species are referred to this taxon , eight of which are new and are described in this paper ( arxellia trochos n . sp . , arxellia boucheti n . sp . , arxellia herosae n . sp . , arxellia helicoides n . sp . , arxellia tracheia n . sp . , arxellia thaumasta n . sp . , arxellia maestratii n . sp . and arxellia erythrea n . sp . ) . the previously described species bathymophila tenorioi poppe , tagaro & dekker , 2006 is reassigned to arxellia .
morassi , mauro , bonfitto , antonio , 2015 , new indo - pacific species of the genus teretia norman , 1888 ( gastropoda : raphitomidae ) , zootaxa , 3911 , 4 , 560 - 570 doi : 10 . 11646 / zootaxa . 3911 . 4 . 5
ter poorten , jan johan , 2015 , fragum vanuatuense spec . nov . , a small new fragum from the central indo - west pacific ( bivalvia , cardiidae ) , basteria , 79 , 4 - 6 , 114 - 120
chan , tin - yam , cleva , régis , chu , ka hou , 2016 , on the genus trachysalambria burkenroad , 1934 ( crustacea , decapoda , penaeidae ) , with descriptions of three new species , zootaxa , 4150 , 3 , 201 - 254 doi : 10 . 11646 / zootaxa . 4150 . 3 . 1
chen , chien - lin , goy , joseph w . , bracken - grissom , heather d . , felder , darryl l . , tsang , ling ming , chan , tin - yam , 2016 , phylogeny of stenopodidea ( crustacea : decapoda ) shrimps inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes reveals non - monophyly of the families spongicolidae and stenopididae and most of their composite genera , invertebrate systematics , 30 , 5 , 479 - 490 doi : 10 . 1071 / is16024
fraussen , koen , stahlschmidt , peter , héros , virginie , strong , ellen e . , bouchet , philippe
, the extensive indo - pacific deep - water radiation of manaria e . a . smith , 1906 ( gastropoda : buccinidae ) and related genera , with descriptions of 21 new species
fehse , dirk , 2017 , contributions to the knowledge of the triviidae , xxix - b . new triviidae from the fiji , visaya , suppl . viii , 31 - 48
fehse , dirk , 2017 , contributions to the knowledge of the triviidae , xxix - g . new triviidae from tonga islands , visaya , suppl . viii , 5 - 30
fehse , dirk , 2017 , contributions to the knowledge of the triviidae , xxix - k . new triviidae from the vanuatu , visaya , suppl . viii , 95 - 124
galindo , lee ann , kool , hugo h . , dekker , henk , 2017 , review of the nassarius pauperus ( gould , 1850 ) complex ( nassariidae ) : part 3 , reinstatement of the genus reticunassa , with the description of six new species , european journal of taxonomy , 275 , 1 - 43 doi : 10 . 5852 / ejt . 2017 . 275
mah , christopher l . , 2017 , overview of the ferdina - like goniasteridae ( echinodermata : asteroidea ) including a new subfamily , three new genera and fourteen new species , zootaxa , 4271 , 1 , 1 - 72 doi : 10 . 11646 / zootaxa . 4271 . 1 . 1
citation : musã©um national d ' histoire naturelle [ ed ] . 2018 . référentiel des campagnes de collectes , site web : urltoken . - v 2 . 18 . 2
( of fluxina dall , 1881 ) dall w . h . 1881 . reports on the results of dredging , under the supervision of alexander agassiz , in the gulf of mexico and in the caribbean sea ( 1877 - 78 ) , by the united states coast survey steamer
blake
, lieutenant - commander c . d . sigsbee , u . s . n . , and commander j . r . bartlett , u . s . n . , commanding . xv . preliminary report on the mollusca . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoölogy at harvard college , 9 ( 2 ) : 33 - 144 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 51 [ details ]
vilvens c . ( 2009 ) . new species and new records of calliostomatidae ( gastropoda : trochoidea ) from new caledonia and solomon islands . novapex 10 ( 4 ) : 125 - 163 [ details ]
williams s . t . , donald k . m . , spencer h . g . & nakano t . ( 2010 ) molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families trochidae and calliostomatidae ( mollusca : superfamily trochoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 54 : 783 - 809 . [ details ]


the kerry slug or kerry spotted slug , scientific name geomalacus maculosus , is a rare species of medium-sized to large air-breathing land slug .

an adult kerry slug generally measures 7 – 8 cm ( 2.8 – 3.2 in ) in length and is dark grey or brownish in colour , with yellowish spots .

the internal anatomy of the slug shows some unusual features , and some characteristic differences from the genus arion , which is the type genus of the family arionidae .

the kerry slug was described in 1843 , rather late compared to many other relatively large land gastropods that form a part of the fauna of the british isles ; this is one indication of this slug 's rarity and its secretive habits .

although the distribution of this slug species does include some wild habitats in southwestern ireland ( e.g. in county kerry ) , the species is more widespread in north-west spain and from central to northern portugal .

however , it is not found anywhere between ireland and spain .

the species appears to require environments that have high humidity and acidic soil ( soil with no calcium carbonate in it ) .

the slug is mostly nocturnal or crepuscular , although in ireland it is active on overcast days .

it feeds on lichens , liverworts , mosses and fungi , which grow either on boulders or on tree trunks .

this rare species is officially protected by conservation laws in each of the three countries in which it occurs .

however , the survival of the kerry slug is nonetheless threatened because it lives only in completely wild , unspoiled habitat of a particular type : acidic woodlands and moorlands that support the species of lower plants on which the slug relies for food .

this habitat type is itself at risk from a number of different factors , ranging from climate change to the construction of roads .

attempts have been made to establish breeding populations in captivity , to help ensure the survival of this slug species , but with only limited success .

kerry slug

the kerry slug is found in spain , portugal , west cork and kerry . a new survey , run from
species of the week kerry slug . . . - irish wildlife trust | facebook
offspring of three species of arionid slug , resulting in a loss of ‘species - specific’ colour characteristics . the kerry spotted slug
kerry slug ( geomalacus maculosus allman , 1843 ) recorded at lettercraffroe , co . galway
that is the explanation accepted by academics who studied the genetics of the kerry slug .
species of the week kerry slug - . . . - irish wildlife trust | facebook
however , the kerry slug’s habitat can be endangered by “invasive” plants such as rhododendrons .
platts ea , speight mcd ( 1988 ) . the taxonomy and distribution of the kerry slug
freshwater white - clawed crayfish , the freshwater pearl mussel and the kerry slug are protected under the act .
i am currently investigating the influence of habitat and diet on the gut microbiome of the slug with the aim of distinguishing kerry slug populations through microbial signatures .
the kerry slug is not one of our most glamorous species . but biodiversity is not just about glamorous species .
lovely diversity of kerry slug phenotypes . juvenile above shows an intermediate stage between brown and black adult colour morphs . urltoken
the kerry slug or kerry spotted slug , scientific name geomalacus maculosus , is a rare species of medium - sized to large air - breathing land slug . it is a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family arionidae , the roundback slugs . an adult kerry slug generally measures 7–8 cm ( 2 . 8–3 . 2 in ) in length and is dark grey or brownish in colour , with yellowish spots .
unlike many other slug species , the kerry slug is not a pest species and is associated with wild habitats away from the influence of man , according to the npws .
if slugs are your thing , then the kerry slug should be looked out for in wet weather . apparently it is the only slug that can roll into a ball .
measures to protect the habitats of the otter and the kerry slug have been announced by minister for the environment john gormley .
the rare kerry slug - found only in ireland & spain - is a protected species . | snails and slugs | pinterest
the national biodiversitydata centre is trying to improve our knowledge on the distribution of the kerry slug in ireland . should you observe this species , please submit sightings to add to the database . detailed observations will assist us gaining a betterinsight into where the kerry slug
anon , ( 2010 ) threat response plan , kerry slug , geomalacus maculosus . department of environment , heritage and local government .
( kerry slug ) : what are the factors affecting catch returns in open and forested habitats ? ecol res . 2016 ; doi :
drawing of the jaw of the kerry slug geomalacus maculosus . the jaw of this species measures about 1 mm and has broad ribs .
the kerry slug displays a not very common response to disturbance in that it will detach from the substrate and roll into a ball .
the kerry slug is a rare slug that was first discovered in county kerry , ireland back in 1842 . since then they have also been found in parts of northern spain and portugal . they are medium sized slugs that are easy to identify by their spotted pattern .
kerry slugs are found only in wild habitats in both woodlands and heath lands .
for marine slugs , see sea slug . for snails , see snail . for other uses , see slug ( disambiguation ) .
researcher , rory mcdonnell recently visited the múscraí gaeltacht village to search for the kerry slug as part of his research for the npws ( national parks and wildlife service ) to establish the distribution of the kerry slug in the south west . he visited cascade wood and st gobnait ' s wood in baile bhúirne and has spent time on beara including glengarriff where the slug has been found in the past and a variety of location in south kerry .
one wrote : “you look bloody amazing kerry , love . keep it going . ”
and the scheduled bypass for macroom had ar be forgotten about because of the kerry slugs .
i meant before it was flooded . although a bit of an indirect route to kerry .
the forest service , department of agriculture , food and the marine , has published the forestry and otter guidelines and the forestry and kerry slug guidelines on this site .
aidan o ' hanlon on twitter :
lovely diversity of kerry slug phenotypes . juvenile above shows an intermediate stage between brown and black adult colour morphs . … urltoken
re : working on okenia zoobotryon from : dr kerry b . clark , may 18 , 1998
’the origin of the irish geomalacus maculosus - is the “kerry slug” really a “kerryman” ? ’ oral presentation at the molluscan forum 2013 , natural history museum , london , england .
’kerry slug - recent research findings’ oral presentation at ’the state of insect conservation in ireland’ meeting 2013 , national botanic gardens , glasnevin , dublin , ireland ( invited speaker ) .
' the kerry slug : how should we manage a protected species in commercial conifer plantations ? ’ oral presentation at environ 2013 , national university of ireland , galway , ireland .
the irish yellow slug ( limacus maculatus ) is quite different from the kerry slug ( geomalacus malaculosus ) , albeit for its rather similar name . the first is a keel back slug from the limacidae family , recognizable by the keel at the end of its foot . also its respiratory hole is located in the rear half of its mantle shield . the kerry slug , on the other hand , is a round back slug of the arionidae family without a keel and with the respiratory hole in the front half of the mantle shield . both have in common their spotted exterior and their greenish colour , fitting the island they come from . but most likely on the british isles , the irish yellow slug might be confounded with the yellow slug ( limacus flavus ) .
the part of a slug behind the mantle is called the ' tail ' .
the bottom side of a slug , which is flat , is called the ' foot ' . like almost all gastropods , a slug moves by rhythmic waves of
) a portion of their tail to help the slug escape from a predator .
that ' s a 3d printed shell around a sea - slug mouth muscle .
background information on the kerry slug the kerry slug ( scientific name : geomalacus maculosus ) was first discovered beside caragh lake in co . kerry in 1842 . it is an easily recognizable , spotted , medium sized slug ( up to 9cm in length ) which is unlikely to be confused with any other species . specimens can be brown with yellow spots ( see photo ) or black with white spots ( see photo ) . unlike many other slug species , the kerry slug is not regarded as a pest and is associated with wild habitats away from humans . in ireland this invertebrate ( no backbone ) is protected under the wildlife act 1976 and under the eu habitats directive ( as an annex ii and annex iv species ) . in addition , seven special areas of conservation have been designated for the protection of the species .
the kerry slug ( geomalachus maculosus ) is found only in kerry and nw iberia . along with 15 plant types that occur in ireland and not in brittan the question of a land bridge between iberia and ireland after the 500 year cold snap which happened around 13000 years ago must be asked .
this highway would have seen traffic in the form of not only the kerry slug but humans too who gradually inched north from the south . so the first irish people would have first set up camp of the coast of what is now cork / kerry on now submerged land known as doggerland .
among the six species of snail specifically protected by eu legislation , only one is considered safe in ireland . the kerry slug ( geomalacus maculosus ) which is “restricted to sandstone areas of kerry and west cork” , has “a strong viable population and may be capable of expanding its range with global warming” .
. in contrast to the general behavioral pattern , the kerry slug retracts its head , lets go of the substrate , rolls up completely , and stays contracted in a ball - like shape .
mcdonnell rj , gormally mj . a live trapping method for the protected european slug ,
• it’s the name of an environmental musical group , the banana slug string band .
thanks kerry , look forward to seeing your site on west atlantic opisthobranchs finished . . . . bill rudman .
it is an easily recognisable , spotted , medium - sized slug , up to nine centimetres in length , and is unlikely to be confused with any other species . it can be coloured brown with yellow spots , or black with white spots . unlike many other slug species , the kerry slug is not regarded as a pest and is associated with wild habitats away from humans .
’the impact of forestry management practices on the distribution of the kerry slug geomalacus maculosus allman and the investigation of other possible factors limiting its occurrence’ poster presentation at environ 2012 , university college dublin , ireland .
a terrestrial slug between 6cms and 9 cms in length . it occurs in two colour varietys
the little - known kerry slug , which hit the headlines two years ago after getting in the way of a proposed bypass road in ballyvourney , co cork , is about to get back in the news .
reich , i . , o’meara , k . , mc donnell , r . j . and gormally , m . j . ( 2012 ) an assessment of the use of conifer plantations by the kerry slug (
is documented , but varies greatly among slug species . slugs often resort to aggression , attacking both
the irish yellow slug can be found in literature under different synonyms . apart from the systematic name
• it’s the star of several community celebrations , including the nationally–publicized russian river banana slug festival .
slug is required for cell survival during partial epithelial - mesenchymal transition of hgf - induced tubulogenesis .
so just as the road selection process appeared to nearing completion , the route had to be moved and the snail protected . that was duly done – along with excoriation of the environmentalists and ridicule of an innocent spotted slug . the kerry slug can be easily identified because it is the only slug that curls into a ball when poked . one can hardly blame it , given the angry councillors roaming the countryside .
a protected species under eu legislation , the slug was first discovered beside caragh lake , in co kerry , in 1842 . seven special areas of conservation ( sacs ) have been designated for the protection of the species .
the kerry slug is not one of our most glamorous species ,
mr gormley said .
but biodiversity is not just about glamorous species . my department is committed to protecting all species of conservation concern .
a separate plan aims to protect the kerry slug , geomalacus maculosus , first discovered beside caragh lake in 1842 and described as a species new to science in 1843 . it is a protected species under the eu habitats directive .
free - living slugs were photographed from six sites in ireland across the western counties of galway , kerry and cork ( fig .
bill , there ' s a shot of okenia zoobotryon at : urltoken this site ' s not quite finished , but you can use the image on your site if you like . kerry dr kerry b . clark florida institute of technology melbourne , florida usa
geomalacus maculosus kerry slug a rare slug found only in sw ireland , spain and possibly still in portugal . two colour versions are found , black with white marks in upland habitats and brown with yellow spots in damp woodland . it is a lusitanian species , protected in ireland by the wildlife act 1976 and the eu habitats directive .
reich i , mcdonnell rj , mcinerney c , callanan s , gormally mj . eu - protected slug
mccrone ej , sokolove pg . brain - gonad axis and photoperiodically - stimulated sexual maturation in the slug
how will i know if it is the kerry slug ? the kerry slug has a number of characteristics which make it relatively easy to identify . firstly it is only found in oak dominated woodland and unimproved open moor or blanket bog in co . kerry and west cork . secondly , specimens are either brown with yellow spots ( typical of woodland specimens ) or black with white spots ( typical of peatland specimens ) . lastly , when disturbed , the slug curls itself up into a defensive ball ( see photo ) . we encourage observers to submit a photograph with their records . attach photos to emails and send to info [ at ] biology . ie , ( just remove the square brackets ) .
young ag , port gr , emmett bj , green di ( 1991 ) development of a forecast of slug activity : models to relate slug activity to meteorological conditions . crop prot 10 : 413–415 . doi :
kerry katona has been taking on gruelling workouts in recent weeks and today she flaunted the fruits of her labour in a new photo .
another life : in 1842 , a few years before the famine and while co kerry still had a few native sea eagles to poison , a naturalist named william andrews found a large and unfamiliar spotted slug among mossy rocks beside lough caragh .
threatened invertebrates such as the kerry slug ( geomalacus maculosus ) , the freshwater pearl mussel ( margaritifera margaritifera ) , the freshwater white - clawed crayfish ( austropotamobius pallipes ) and the damselfly ( coenagrion lunulatum ) can be found in irish wetlands .
description : concerning its body colour , the irish yellow slug is quite similar to the yellow slug . usually , though , it is a bit darker and more greenish in colour . the spots dispersed over its body are irregular and may sometime melt together . generally , the irish yellow slug has more spots than the yellow slug and they reach further down the body sides . where the spotty pattern is limited at the foot margin by a light coloured zone near the foot margin in a yellow slug , this light coloured zone is missing in an irish yellow slug . between the centreline of the mantle shield and its margin , 23 wrinkles can be counted . an irish yellow slug ' s mucus is greenish in colour and so are its juveniles .
kerry spoke last year about her desire to get into shape , after saying she gained weight following her temporary split from third husband george .
when is the best time to spot it ? the best time to find the kerry slug is on wet , cloudy days when specimens are often seen crawling over bryophyte or moss - covered tree trunks or sandstone outcrops in suitable habitat . during sunny , warm weather the kerry slug takes refuge under bryophytes ( esp . mosses ) , in cracks on sandstone boulders and behind the vegetation at the base of sandstone rocks . surveys at dawn , dusk and during the night in spain have also proved successful .
the effect of these regulations is to add three species of invertebrates namely the kerry slug , freshwater crayfish and freshwater pearl mussel and all species of marine turtles to the list of protected species mentioned in the fifth schedule to the wildlife act , 1976 .
mcdonnell rj , gormally mj . distribution and population dynamics of the kerry slug geomalacus maculosus ( arionidae ) . irish wildlife manuals , 2011 ; 54 . national parks and wildlife service , department of arts , heritage and the gaeltacht , dublin , ireland .
irish yellow slug ( limacus maculatus ) from cambridgeshire , england . picture : brian eversham , ( source ) .
irish yellow slug ( limacus maculatus ) from cambridgeshire , england . pictures : brian eversham , ( source ) .
webley d ( 1964 ) slug activity in relation to weather . ann app biol 53 : 407–414 . doi :
the project is in two phases . the first is to survey suitable areas in cork and kerry to get a distribution map for the species .
. . . historically , within ireland , g . maculosus was thought to be restricted to the devonian old red sandstone strata of west cork and kerry . however , during july 2010 , the species was collected on granite outcrops and on the trunks of conifer trees in cloosh forest , a conifer plantation near oughterard , co . galway ( kearney , 2010 ) . the widespread planting of commercial conifer forestry was originally thought to have had a detrimental effect on populations of given that the kerry slug was not found at the above sites , research focused on the recently discovered kerry slug population in the conifer plantation in cloosh forest , co . galway . . . .
reich , i . , o’meara , k . , mc donnell , r . , gormally , m . ( 2012 ) : ’an assessment of the use of conifer plantations by the kerry slug ( geomalacus maculosus ) with reference to the potential impacts of forestry operations’
current known main populations are located in the south west ( cork and kerry ) with a recently ( 2010 ) discovered population in co . galway .
the kerry slug is too recent an arrival , just a few thousand years , so continental drift is not the reason . one of the alternative explanations is that it arrived in the boats of the first settlers in ireland , genetic evidence indicates the people who first populated ireland came from northern iberia . we ' re most closely related to the basques . we brought the slug with us .
monday’s meeting of kerry county council was treated to a re - run of the ‘environmentalist and the snail’ story , with council officials quipping about the ‘snail’s pace’ of the macroom by pass and a healy rae claiming the snail was ‘looking over the ditch’ and laughing at the traffic jams between cork and kerry .
the kerry violet is the common name given to the greater butterwort which sits in the bog lands , digesting any unfortunate insects which fall into its grasp .
the kerry slug gained some notoriety when it was discovered at cascade wood in baile bhúirne diverting the proposed bypass to a different route . despite its high profile little is actually known about the mysterious creature which the south west of ireland shares with spain , portugal and possibly brittany .
reich , i . , o’meara , k . , cush , e . , tierney , f . , mc donnell , r . , gormally , m . ( 2013 ) : ' the kerry slug : how should we manage a protected species in commercial conifer plantations ? '
it wasn’t true . the judicial review that is currently delaying the road has been taken by residents near carrigaphooca castle . the grounds are an error in law relating to the assessment of the impact and rights of way . it has nothing to do with the protected kerry slug .
new roads can isolate and split up slug habitats , along with new building development . land “reclamation” could mean clearing the slug’s upland rocks , and grazing by “escaped” sheep , resident goats and wild deer all threaten the mossy interior of the woods .
] . the mechanisms involved in determining slug colouration most likely vary with species and local adaptations may arise within populations of slugs exposed to different environmental conditions . pigmentation has been explained as a simple mendelian - inherited trait for some species of slug [
, rather than in gardens . their need for wild habitats in one of the reasons the slug has become so rare .
where is it found ? the global distribution of the kerry slug is ireland , spain and portugal and although the species has been reported from france , its presence there has never been confirmed . in ireland , the slug is restricted to west cork and co . kerry . here it is found in two habitat types , oak dominated woodland and unimproved open moor or blanket bog . within these habitats it is only present if there are sandstone outcrops and boulders largely bare of vegetation except for lichens , mosses and liverworts on which the species is thought to feed .
in ireland , the slug is found only in west cork and kerry , as far as is known , and it is hoped the survey , being conducted by dr rory mcdonnell , of university college galway , will determine if it is also present in other parts of the country .
kerry had spent the morning doing an hour of yoga before enjoying an early walk with husband george kay . she told fans she felt “amazing” after her busy morning .
the banana slug has two pairs of tentacles functioning as sensory organs . the upper , longer pair are periscope - like eyestems . the lower , shorter pair ( above the slug’s mouth ) is for feeling and smelling . photo by greg bodi via wikimedia commons .
if the kerr slug made its way from iberia it would have done so along the coast which would have acted as a highway .
kerry slugs are protected in all of the locations that they are found in . habitat loss and loss of some of their favorite foods ( lichens and mosses ) have been hurting the populations of the unique little slug . protection , monitoring , and captive breeding of the species have helped to keep them going .
anatomy : like other slugs the kerry spotted slug has basic organs . it has an internal shell . the muscles of this animal includes muscles that pull the eyespot tentacles back , and have ommatophores as the only eye tentacle muscle darkly pigmented . other muscles include its paryngeal , furacate , buccalbulb , and cephalic reactors .
mc donnell , r . j . and gormally , m . j . ( 2011 ) . distribution and population dynamics of the kerry slug , geomalacus maculosus ( arionidae ) . irish wildlife manuals , no . 54 . national parks and wildlifeservice , department of arts , heritage and the gaeltacht , dublin , ireland .
there are now known to be 46 species of slugs in britain and ireland with 37 confirmed to date in ireland . arion vulgaris is a new arrival in ireland and has the potential to become a serious pest as it spread . in the us it is referred to as the “spanish slug” because of its western european origin and while it appears to be currently restricted to some of northerly mid - west states it appears to be spreading rapidly . the kerry slug
quigley , d . t . g . & k . flannery ( 2014 ) notes and records . plants . an exceptionally large “seaball” discovered on inch strand , co . kerry .
one significant finding was that , contrary to previous opinion , the kerry slug was found in coniferous woodland often at quite high densities . this has implications for the species as it means that there is potentially more habitat for it but that as a legally protected species , the impact of forestry operations need to be mitigated for .
when attacked , slugs can contract their body , making themselves harder and more compact and more still and round . by doing this , they become firmly attached to the substrate . this , combined with the slippery mucus they produce , makes slugs more difficult for predators to grasp . the unpleasant taste of the mucus is also a deterrent . some species present different response behaviors when attacked , such as the kerry slug . in contrast to the general behavioral pattern , the kerry slug retracts its head , lets go of the substrate , rolls up completely , and stays contracted in a ball - like shape . this is a unique feature among all the arionidae , and among most other slugs . some slugs can self - amputate ( autotomy ) a portion of their tail to help the slug escape from a predator . some slug species hibernate underground during the winter in temperate climates , but in other species , the adults die in the autumn .
camouflage implies selective pressure from a visual predator . although passerine birds are known to prey upon a number of medium - large arionid slug species [
the slug is also found in spain and portugal . the species has been reported from france , though its presence has never been confirmed there .
habitat and distribution : on the crimea peninsula , in the caucasus mountains , as well as in bulgaria , the irish yellow slug inhabits deciduous forests . in northern and central europe , on the other hand , the species lives in natural habitats , often in woody places , below stones and fallen logs . contrary to the yellow slug , the irish yellow slug is not a commensal species , but prefers habitats near to nature . on the british isles , however , limacus maculatus is often found in the same habitats , as its relative , the yellow slug . the slugs often hide in fallen logs , often whole tree trunks are covered with mucus . the irish yellow slug feeds on mushrooms , lichens and dead plants .
reich , i . , o ' meara , k . , cush , e . , tierney , f . , mc donnell , r . , gormally , m . ( 2012 ) : ’the impact of forestry management practices on the distribution of the kerry slug geomalacus maculosus allman and the investigation of other possible factors limiting its occurrence’
/ u / seandalai you ' re the divil , when you get behind the keys . it was a sad day for the kerry gastropods , when your lithic tools they did feel .
reich i , o’meara k , mcdonnell rj , gormally mj . an assessment of the use of conifer plantations by the kerry slug ( geomalacus maculosus ) with reference to the impact of forestry operations . irish wildlife manuals . 2012 ; 64 . national parks and wildlife service , department of arts , heritage and the gaeltacht . theatr irel .
) are a commercially available biological control method that are effective against a wide range of common slug species . the nematodes are applied in water and actively seek out slugs in the soil and infect them , leading to the death of the slug . this control method is suitable for use in organic growing systems . other slug control methods are generally ineffective on a large scale , but can be somewhat useful in small gardens . these include beer traps ,
the slug mouth muscle comes from a california sea slug , aplysia californica , and was put into a 3d - printed body . sea slug muscles can apparently handle changes in environment better than many other muscles , which is a good baseline to start designing robots around . right now , the robots can only move one direction when stimulated . in future versions , the researchers hope to incorporate more nerves , so they can make the robots move forward and backward .
hand search is the obvious option – “labour intensive , but not excessively so” – if there are certain problems about the underside of large boulders and the higher reaches of trees . while alternatives are assessed , the merits of just looking carefully inspire the kerry slug survey of ireland ( go to urltoken or kerryslug . com ) . here the npws , with dr rory mcdonnell of the applied ecology unit of nui galway , are appealing for volunteer sightings , with photos of the slug’s two colourways to help .
] ) . however , there is also evidence that different colour morphs in slug species can arise as local adaptations to different environmental conditions . while evans [
- tests were used to test whether rgb reflectance values differed significantly between woodland and blanket bog substrate and between each of the two slug colour morphs . students
snail and slug promote epithelial - mesenchymal transition through beta - catenin - t - cell factor - 4 - dependent expression of transforming growth factor - beta3 .
the findings of the first research project have been published as an irish wildlife manual no . 54 [ 4 , 832kb ] . more research is being undertaken with npws funding on the distribution of kerry slug in conifer plantations and the impact of clear felling on these populations . national university of galway is also carrying out research on the diet and genetics of the species .
slug , or land slug , is a common name for any apparently shell - less terrestrial gastropod mollusc . the word slug is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell , a very reduced shell , or only a small internal shell , particularly sea slugs and semislugs ( this is in contrast to the common name snail , which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that the animal can fully retract its soft parts into the shell ) .
slug , or land slug , is a common name for any apparently shell - less terrestrial gastropod mollusc . the word slug is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell , a very reduced shell , or only a small internal shell , particularly sea slugs and semislugs ( this is in contrast to the common name snail , which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that the animal can fully retract its soft parts into the shell ) .
most people heard of the kerry slug for the first time two years ago , when it was found on the route of a planned bypass road at the cascade wood site , near ballyvourney . environment minister john gormley then agreed to extend a conservation area , so that the site could be saved . that would call for a re - routing of a small section of the road .
branson , b . a ( 1980 ) .
the recent gastropoda of oklahoma , part viii . the slug families limacidae , arionidae , veronicellidae , and philomycidae
.
wherever you find banana slugs , you’ll recognize them when you see them . nothing in the forest looks quite like a banana slug . ( see the accompanying photo . )
the national parks and wildlife service ( npws ) felt confident that the slug was secure and might even expand its range as climate warms . but it had little actual data on how it was faring , especially outside the sac boundaries . as new development began to threaten its iberian populations , the animal was moved up in priority under the eu’s habitats directive . in 2007 , in one of many commission actions against laggardly states , the european court of justice ordered ireland to establish a system of strict protection for the kerry slug , including monitoring of its population .
one of the wonders of kerry is its diversity . coast and mountain is a magical mix and this is one of europe’s whale watching hotspots – even giant humpbacks have been seen in the atlantic waters to the west .
kerry , thanks for reminding me that point reyes has banana slugs . i forgot to include pore in my list the first go - around , but i ' ve taken care of that now . btw , although it ' s totally none of my business , i have to admit that i ' m curious to know what your spouse or significant other thinks of your slug - kissing dispositions .
jordaens k , van riel p , geenen s , verhagen r , backeljau t . food - induced body pigmentation questions the taxonomic value of colour in the self - fertilizing slug
i commented about a banana slug i saw on the stairway from one of the beaches at olympic np . it had black spots and looked a lot like a ripe banana .
meanwhile , kerry said this week that she ' d love a sixth child to add to her brood of five : molly , 15 , lilly - sue , 14 , heidi , max , eight , and dylan , two .
the aim of the kerry slug survey the aim of the survey is to accrue modern records for this internationally important invertebrate with the overall objective of producing an up - to - date distribution map . in ireland , there are five 10km grid squares where the species has not been recorded since pre - 1950 and other areas where the last records are pre - 1980 . the survey will help to address these important
should have the status of a genus on its own . the polish malacologist and slug specialist andrzej wiktor disagrees . in that case , the species would have to be added to the
the mucus secreted by the foot contains fibres that help prevent the slug from slipping down vertical surfaces . the
slime trail
a slug leaves behind has some secondary effects : other slugs coming across a slime trail can recognise the slime trail as produced by one of the same species , which is useful in finding a mate . following a slime trail is also part of the hunting behaviour of some carnivorous slugs . body mucus provides some protection against predators , as it can make the slug hard to pick up and hold by a bird ' s beak , for example , and the mucus itself can be distasteful . some species of slug , such as limax maximus , secrete slime cords to suspend a pair during copulation .
there will soon be some extra space in the family home as kerry ' s eldest daughter molly wants to be a surgeon and will move to ireland to do a transition year . there she’ll be staying with dad brian mcfadden’s parents .
kerry said : “molly wants to be a surgeon . she wants to get really good grades in her gcses so she’s going to ireland to do a transition year . this will give her an extra year of biology and sciences . ”
op is suggesting the existence within the last 20 , 000 years of a direct land bridge from northern spain to kerry . one look at a topographic map of the area would have told him why that ' s utterly and completely impossible
the ring takes in a great variety of landscapes – the famous mountains and lakes of kerry , rolling farmland and rugged heath and moor , ancient woodlandsand some of europe’s most beautiful coastline – and is home to a huge variety of wildlife .
i am looking at the impact of clear felling on the species inhabiting a commercial conifer plantation in connemara , investigating its habitat preferences , abundance and impact on the sympatric slug species lehmannia marginata .
the slime also contains pheremones that help slugs find mates . since the banana slug is a hermaphrodite - - each animal having both male and female reproductive organs – the task is not especially difficult .
ironically , neither the kerry slug nor the castle need have caused any delay to the macroom by - pass , which is at the heart of the intense local pressure to build this road . the castle is 6 kilometres from macroom and the snail more than twice that . the macroom by - pass is actually part of the planned cork – killarney dual carriageway . if the council had settled for a by pass it could have been build 10 years ago .
= 6 of each colour morph ) were sacrificed using chloroform vapour and 1 cm × 1 cm skin samples from the slug mantle ( effectively all the mantle ) were removed following rowson et al . [
“this will be the first full survey in 30 years and we’re asking people to be the lookout for the slug , ” said dr mcdonnell , who is starting work in the glengarriff area this week .
but the road , which would have been part of the 21km macroom bypass project , has been shelved because of budgetary cutbacks . so , slug is safe for a few more years , at least .
body mucus provides some protection against predators , as it can make the slug hard to pick up and hold by a bird ' s beak , for example , and the mucus itself can be distasteful .
a brown and yellow spotted slug curled up into a tight ball so that its head is withdrawn completely , its mantle edge and tail are nearly touching , and none of its foot surface is exposed .
the mucus coating that most folks call slime is certainly a signature attribute . it actually serves many useful purposes . in addition to helping the slug avoid dehydration , the mucus helps the slug slide along the ground on the muscular foot covering its lower body , protects the animal’s soft body from sharp rocks , twigs , and other hazards , and discourages predators with its foul taste and mouth - numbing anesthetic effects .
most mammals native to ireland and long established introduced species are found in the park . the bank vole was first identified in 1964 in northwest kerry . its range has now expanded and now includes the park . pine marten is another notable species in the park .
hesse , the slight darkening of juveniles observed after 84 days of feeding trials in this study is likely to be a natural result of growth . as in some other slug species ( e . g . in
the mucus secreted by the foot contains fibres that help prevent the slug from slipping down vertical surfaces . the
slime trail
a slug leaves behind has some secondary effects : other slugs coming across a slime trail can recognise the slime trail as produced by one of the same species , which is useful in finding a mate . following a slime trail is also part of the hunting behaviour of some carnivorous slugs .
a three - year research project has been completed on the kerry slug , the first of its kind on the species . this has developed a safe method of trapping and locating slugs using baited refuge traps . the project also provided information on the movements of slugs in woodland and on boulder fields . unsurprisingly , the research found that most slugs do not appear to move far . however more information is needed to determine whether the species can recolonise areas it has become extinct in .
reich i , gormally mj , allcock al , mcdonnell rj , castillejo j , iglasias j , quinteiro j , smith cj . genetic study reveals close links between irish and northern spanish specimens of the protected lusitanian slug
( a 180° twisting of the internal organs ) during development . internally , slug anatomy clearly shows the effects of this rotation—but externally , the bodies of slugs appear more or less symmetrical , except for the positioning of the
can a small , slimy , shell - less , forest - dwelling gastropod whose diet includes animal droppings and other dead stuff develop an enthusiastic fan following ? you’re darn right . consider these facts about the banana slug :
. . . free - living slugs were photographed from six sites in ireland across the western counties of galway , kerry and cork ( fig . 1 ) . sites were selected on the basis that previous surveys had found high numbers of kerry slugs in these areas [ 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] . forested sites were a combination of conifer plantations and oak woodlands ( fig . 1 : sites 1 , 3 and 5 ) , and open habitats surveyed were blanket bog areas ( fig . 1 : sites 2 , 4 and 6 ) . . . .
its distribution and status in ireland is summarised by platts & speight ( 1988 ) . it is common in parts of west cork , south kerry and north kerry , in areas where acidic devonian sandstone rocks outcrop . its presence there is an old biogeographical puzzle but , along with other so - called lusitanian elements of the irish fauna and flora , it is possible that it was accidentally introduced at an early date by man . in the stone and early bronze ages commerce between iberia and south - west ireland was well - developed and could have provided the mechanism for transfer .
slugs do not have a good public profile and most would consider them at best unpleasant and at worst , pests . the kerry slug cannot be accused of being a pest as it is only found in the wild landscapes of the south and west . the animals themselves are attractively marked with white or cream spots on a black or brown background . black slugs predominate in heathlands , whereas the brown form is only found in woodlands . however this is not fixed and the black slugs can be seen in wooded areas .
scientists assume that the irish yellow slug originally came from the black sea region ( north - eastern turkey , caucasus , crimea peninsula and bulgaria ) . from there it has been introduced in several other parts of the former soviet union . besides , the irish yellow slug , as its name indicates , is present in ireland , as well as in parts of great britain . in continental europe , the species is expected to be found , especially in france .
shirley mdf , rushton sp , young ag , port gr ( 2001 ) simulating the long - term dynamics of slug populations : a process - based modelling approach for pest control . j appl ecol 38 : 401–411 . doi :
the basis for my research is the kerry slug geomalacus maculosus . this species is only found in ireland and northern spain and portugal , exhibiting a typical disjunct ’lusitanian’ distribution . due to this narrow range it is listed as a protected species in article 17 of the eu habitats directive and has further protection under irish legislation . there is a lack of quantitative data on favourable management practices , the habitat size required to sustain populations and genetic variation across its home range , so my work is focusing on closing these knowledge gaps :
irish yellow slug a medium to large slug with pale greenish - grey body overlaid with large irregular dark green markings . keel very short , sole whitish or yellowish . mucus pale yellow to deep orange . tentacles grey to bluish . a common variant has the dark mottling broken up into fine spots which create a spotted appearance rather similar to that of limacus flavus which it appears to displace . a late introduction from south - east europe , now widespread and common .
. ) , demonstrating greater levels of boldness and exploratory behaviour , respectively . such consistent intraspecific behavioural types may also be common to other slugs , and studying their occurrence could have useful practical implications . for example , the grey field slug
during sunny , warm weather the slug takes refuge under mosses , in cracks on boulders , and behind the vegetation at the base of sandstone rocks . surveys at dawn , dusk , and during the night in spain have also proved successful .
we are delighted that you have recognized and publicized our charisma . thank you , thank you ! . . . seriously , though , thanks for your great fun facts on our namesake , the banana slug . keep up your great blog .
large black slug arion ater a large roundback slug varying in colour through browns to black , with a similarly coloured , dull foot fringe and exhibiting a strong rocking response when stimulated . ubiquitous up to moderate altitudes . it is predominantly olive - , yellow - , reddish - to dark - brown or black with sole of more or less the same shade or lighter . a jet black form occurs on peatlands . the foot fringe is lined and coloured a similar shade to the back .
almost as impressive : his laundry list of on - field incidents , from kicking cardinals running back larry centers in the head , to spitting in the face of 49ers wide receiver j . j . stokes , to breaking the jaw of panthers quarterback kerry collins on a vicious helmet - to - helmet hit .
ireland . normally it is found in oak dominated woodland and unimproved open moor or blanket bog . within these habitats it is only present if there are sandstone outcrops and boulders largely bare of vegetation except for lichens , mosses and liverworts on which the species is thought to feed . ' we need to get the public involved in this survey to extend our knowledge of the kerry slug ' s distribution within ireland ' says dr . rory mc donnell , applied ecology unit , national university of ireland , galway . ' this is an easily identifiable slug ' says rory , ' with two colourations , both with spots . they are either brown with yellow spots , typical of woodland specimens or black with white spots , typical of peatland specimens . lastly , when disturbed , the slug curls itself up into a defensive ball . we encourage observers to submit a photograph with their records . rory heads up the collaboration between the national parks and wildlife service ( npws ) the applied ecology unit at the national university of ireland , galway and biology . ie .
snails ' veliger larvae already have primordial organs of an adult snail , such as eyes , tentacle stumps and the shell lid ( operculum ) . there is also a shell , which is reduced later in shell - less ( slug ) species .
’ geomalacus maculosus : why is this lusitanian slug species thriving in a commercial forestry plantation 200km north of its previously known distribution ? ’ oral presentation at the world congress of malacology 2013 , ponta delgada , sao miguel , azores islands , portugal .
andrews managed , however , to get his specimen to another young naturalist , george allman , graduating in medicine at trinity college . after some dissection , allman introduced the slug to science as a new species , geomalacus maculosus , or “spotted earth mollusc” .
the more we learn about banana slugs , the more we come to appreciate that their presence enriches and helps to stabilize the ecosystems they inhabit . by feeding on detritus , they help to recycle nutrients and make them available for new growth . slug excretions not only provide nitrogen - rich fertilizer , but also help to disperse spores and seeds needed for forest plant regeneration . since the banana slug’s ecological niche is not yet fully understood , we shouldn’t be surprised to learn that there are other praiseworthy contributions .
partial map of ireland showing survey sites ( black circles ) inside the distribution range of g . maculosus ( shaded area ) . conifer ( 1 ) and blanket bog ( 2 ) habitats at oughterrard , co . galway ; conifer habitat at tooreenafersha , co . kerry ( 3 ) ; blanket bog habitat adjacent to uragh woods , co . kerry ( 4 ) ; oak forest habitat at glengarriff nature reserve , co . cork ( 5 ) and blanket bog at leahill bog , co . cork ( 6 ) . black squares show the locations of galway , cork and dublin cities for reference . map modified from g . kindermann , 2016©
today , its range in kerry and parts of cork is mostly on moors and in woods between the mountains , from killarney west to the dingle peninsula . the humid air and high rainfall of the region lets it roam among the rocks of open bog and lake shores ( where it is generally greeny - black with creamy white spots ) , as well as in the oakwoods ( where it is more typically ginger , with yellowy spots ) . it shares with its spanish and portuguese ancestors an affinity with old , weathered rocks , such as kerry’s acid red sandstone , with rich rugs of lichens , mosses and liverworts for both food and shelter .
there are many species of sea slugs in irish waters that are usually only seen by scuba divers . however , sometimes a few get washed up on the shore and are easily overlooked once they are encrusted in sand . the internal shells of the sea slug