sainfoin ( 1887 – october 1911 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse that was the winner of the 1890 epsom derby and was the sire of rock sand , the tenth winner of the triple crown in 1903 .

sainfoin ( horse )

sainfoin is a premium forage alternative to lucerne and grass . ‘sainfoin’ means ' healthy hay’ in french and this is exactly what it is ! sainfoin pellets are also non - bloating .
sainfoin is suitable for all horses , and can be very beneficial when fed with hay and grass as a nutritious alternative and to add a variety of flavour . sainfoin is particularly suitable for horses requiring a nutritious diet , including :
a handsome , good - sized chestnut horse , sainfoin was of sturdy make with a good shoulder . existing photographs suggest that he was sickle - hocked . his form tailed off badly at 4 and 5 for unknown reasons .
peter davy , who has supplied fresh sainfoin test samples to the legumeplus project has grown a small acreage of sainfoin for a number of years . last year he planted a few acres on a neighbours field - mr . & mrs . phillips from shelvin , in kent - to try sainfoin on british warmblood colts from their ukeuro stud ( seen pictured to the right ) .
forage legumes are attractive to farmers these days . free nitrogen and extra protein content certainly meet current farming needs . sainfoin offers this and a lot more besides . until now there has been little information on sainfoin , but that is changing . the eu sainfoin research project known as ‘ healthy hay ’ is now completed and we are in the process of publishing the results online .
no horse less of longevity or number of foals has affected the modern quarter racehorse to the degree of domino .
our sainfoin pellets are rich in natural minerals and trace elements . they are a good source of condensed tannins , which aid digestion of protein . sainfoin is also a source of naturally occurring copper , which can aid the health of bones , tendons and joints .
unfortunatly no official crest was given to these l . s . i . ( l ) ' s , so the crest to the right was made up from sainfoin ' s
history
. h . m . s . sainfoin was named after the winner of the 1890 derby
interestingly , there are some differences within sainfoin varieties which we may be able to take advantage of . these opportunities are to be explored further this year .
undefeated in ten races st . simon in all probability is the greatest horse of all time . unfortunately st . simon was not tested in the classic races of england because rules in effect at the time stipulated that if the person who had nominated a particular horse to a classic died before the race , the horse was inelgible to run in the race . as the breeder of st . simon had died the horse was denied the opportunity to become a classicist . nevertheless he did run against some very good horses and dealt with them summarily .
anthelmintic over the years we have heard from many of you about the remarkable effect that sainfoin has on wormy lambs . the ‘healthy hay’ project has demonstrated that the anti - parasitic benefits are very real indeed . early results confirm that parasitic worm control is effective when sainfoin is fed , are their lifecycles are disrupted .
bloat free & methane an animal blown up as a result of grazing clover is a distressing experience and is the main reason given by farmers for not growing legumes . sainfoin never causes bloat , one of its great attributes . recent work in australia lead to the conclusion that as little as 20 % of sainfoin in the diet can offset the risk of bloat to near zero . work with beef steers in canada showed the same when small quantities of sainfoin were mixed with lucerne . rumen activity is important in other ways . from an environmental perspective the eu project has been studying rumen gas production with a particular interest in how sainfoin reduces methane production .
by the time of his death , sainfoin was considered of so little account as a stallion that his death was not reported to the press for over a year .
man o ' war passed away on november 1 , 1947 after suffering a heart attack . more than two thousand people attended the funeral , which was broadcast by radio . the great stallion was the first horse to be embalmed , and is now buried at the kentucky horse park in lexington .
and the good sprinters elmstead and amphora , all by amphion . sainfoin is also a half brother to 1902 jockey club cup and cesarewitch handicap winner black sand ( by melanion ) .
every year , thousands of visitors flocked to faraway farm in kentucky to see the legendary horse and hear his famous stud groom , will harbut , tell stories about the champion . he always introduced his charge as
the mostest horse that ever was
and insisted that man o ' war had never been beaten . when a guest asked about
we never lifted a jockey to his back that we didn ' t tell to hold the horse down , so as not to win by too wide a margin .
by the early 1950’s two thoroughbred stallions had already begun their ascension within the quarter·three bars and top deck . the dam of three bars was by a horse decending from domino ,
in direct descent the tetrarch has influenced the quarter horse through gray dream . gray dream is , of course , the maternal grandsire of lena’s bar , the dam of easy jet . ,
roots , soil & drought a sainfoin crop is capable of growing on the thinnest of alkaline soils . it is extremely drought - resistant and never stops growing even in prolonged dry spells . its root structure leaves soil in excellent condition and sainfoin can be considered an invaluable part of the light land rotation . it penetrates soil and rock to a great depth where it seems able to extract nutrients better than any other species . it grows best on stony brash or chalks , but does not like wet soils where red clover should be chosen in preference . sainfoin will grow well on alkaline soil and should not be sown on land below 6 . 2ph .
this was a four year project involving 12 partners from europe . these include three from britain : reading university , niab and cotswold seeds . the network , which completed its work in 2010 , has produced some interesting results . it seems that the role for sainfoin is about to be reinvented . in short , sainfoin offers farmers an attractive fodder crop for naturally alkaline , free draining soils . some of the findings so far are detailed here .
sainfoin haylage cut late summer was tried on the young horses and some brood mares this spring . referring to mr . & mrs . phillips ' comments mr . davy says
yes his horses loved it and he said they looked better almost straight away . he was very pleased and said he was going to plant 8 acres of it there and then , though the field he had in mind turned out to be too acidic so he couldn ' t . he has many horses all set stocked ( no rotation system ) with a worm problem including , he thinks , wormer resistance . so potentially it ' s a good site for an experiment in the benefits of sainfoin which we are sort of trying in our little way - with a plan to feed / supplement a group of young horses through the year with sainfoin to compare with the other groups . we have talked about grazing them on my sainfoin this year but are in two minds as we want to have enough sainfoin as a daily supplement through the year so we can compare that with the controls . however we are thinking of grazing some if it as opposed to second cut of hay .
he was purchased by sir james miller just a few days before being entered for the derby and was ridden by a jockey named j . watts . his racing colours were white and gold , and the derby is known as the blue ribbon race , hence the ribbon overlaying the horse shoe sainfoin later sired the colt ' rocksand ' the tripple crown winner some thirteen years later . sadly , being a gelding there were no further issue .
sainfoin is inbred 3x3 to the “emperor of stallions , ” 1852 dual english classic winner stockwell , and has a cross of stockwell ' s full brother rataplan at the fourth generation , making him inbred 4x5x4 to the baron and pocahontas . he is also inbred 5x5x5 to the baron ' s sire birdcatcher and 5x5 to 1834 st . leger stakes winner and four - time english leading sire touchstone . sainfoin is a full brother to sierra , dam of 1911 english leading sire
sainfoin has deep penetrating roots making it highly suitable for the dry , alkaline soils of england . in these times of fluctuating feed and veterinary drugs prices , alongside increased environmental demands , there are few crops that tick as many boxes .
no one dared challenge him in the lawrence realization . mrs . jeffords finally agreed to enter a horse , provided he was not beaten too badly . samuel riddle didn ' t consider this a problem , saying :
sainfoin ( gb ) ch . h , 1887 { 2 - g } dp = 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ( 0 ) di = inf cd = inf - 11 starts , 4 wins , ? places , ? shows
there are few crops like sainfoin . it is a high - yielding , drought - resistant plant which needs no nitrogen fertiliser and little phosphate . it won’t cause bloat , is a natural anthelmintic and with rumen protected protein produces top quality meat and milk .
man o ' war acted up at the start , allowing sir barton to break on top , but the older horse held his lead for only sixty yards before man o ' war passed him . as the new york times reported :
the author could find little evidence that quarter horse breeders had attempted to incorporate the lineage of st . simon into their operation . however , rocket bar is out of a mare whose sire goes in direct decent to st . simon .
protein , animal growth & tannins protein , the essential element for growth , can be poorly utilised in ruminant animals as it can be rapidly broken down in the rumen . this is inefficient and leads to slower growth rates and increased nitrogen losses in the urine . sainfoin contains tannins ( complex chemical structures ) which bind with protein molecules , protecting them as they pass through the rumen so that they can be absorbed efficiently as they pass further down the digestive tract . this doesn’t happen with other legumes and largely explains why stock fed sainfoin have faster liveweight gain when compared to any other forage .
as with any new feed , introduce gradually over a week . sainfoin pellets are ideally fed soaked . if appropriate , feed singly as treats or mixed with twice their volume of soaked purabeet or twice their volume of chop and well dampened . use as part of the forage ration or in addition . start with 100g per 100kg of bodyweight per day , increase as required up to a maximum of 5kg per day . for example , for a 500kg horse start with 500g per day ( dry weight , before soaking ) and increase as required . feed according to requirement & condition .
i ' m putting common and isinglass back - to - back because . . . well , how many times do you see two triple crown winners in three years sired by the same horse ? not a bad run for isonomy by producing two horses to sweep the honors .
sanda , the dam of sainfoin , failed to win on the flat but was a winner over hurdles . she is a half sister to 1876 coronation stakes winner footstep ( by see saw ) and is out of the stockwell mare sanda , whose dam lady evelyn ( by don john ) won the 1849 oaks stakes .
an obscure footnote to the career of galtee more : a man named marcus daly , an american sportsman known as the
montana copper king
at that time , offered the owner of galtte more $ 125 , 000 for the horse , roughly $ 3 . 2 million in current dollars .
as lochsong began dominating the sprint division another kingsclere horse , selkirk , was making his mark as a miler . he won the queen elizabeth stakes at ascot in 1991 en route to being crowned champion miler , before taking the lockinge , the celebration mile and the challenge stakes in 1992 , all by more than two lengths . the finish was much closer in the sussex stakes at glorious goodwood , where selkirk went down by a head to marling , but he finished the year as champion older horse in britain , and retired to stud where he was a highly successful stallion until his death in 2013 .
at 3 : won derby s . ( eng , epsom , 2414m = 12f , now g1 ) , esher s . ( eng , sandown ) , dee s . ( eng , chester ) sainfoin had a full sister , sierra ( ch f 1889 ) , who is prominent in many modern pedigrees through the full stakes winning siblings ( close )
on june 6 , 1919 , man o ' war began his racing career with a six length win at belmont park . it later seemed appropriate that the great horse made his first start there , since the historic track was built by his breeder , who named it in honor of his father , august belmont i .
the so - called
race of the century ,
run on october 12 , 1920 , was a weight for age event , contested over a mile and a quarter . being the older horse , sir barton carried 126 pounds , while man o ' war carried 120 . during the week leading up to the race , the condition of each horse was questioned . louis feustel worried about a slight filling in man o ' war ' s tendon while rumors spread that sir barton was training poorly . in response to an article in chicago ' s evening post , sir barton ' s trainer h . guy bedwell issued the following statement :
355 sainfoins collected almost one for every day of the year ! from a plant breeding point of view , the ‘healthy hay’ project has been extremely productive . through the involvement of niab a great number of sainfoin accessions have been collected . these have come from around the world and include some very interesting sub - species from armenia . in total 170 have been planted , monitored and classified over the last three years . now that the initial collection has been completed , it is hoped that this resource can be exploited by plant breeders . we are also compiling the results of biochemistry research which is providing helpful information on the effects of sainfoin on meat and milk quality . for full details of the work visit urltoken ( from spring 2011 ) .
teddy has influenced the quarter racehorse at the highest level of competition . in fact , his son bull dog can be found in the pedigree of all american futurity winners hot idea , three oh’s , timetothinkrich and savannah , jr . in direct descentteddy has influenced the quater horse through jackstraw , spotted bull , everett , jr . and others .
sainfoin won the first four races of his career , ending his streak with a win in the derby stakes over a rain - soaked course . after that , it was all downhill for his racing career . the one bright spot in his stud career was 1903 english triple crown winner rock sand , who successfully maintained the male line and also wielded marked influence in the united states through his daughters .
man o’war , of course , has had a phenomenal impact upon the quarter horse . two direct descendants have won the all american futurity , namely timetothinkrich and hot idea , both by aforethought . man o’war is also in the pedigree of top deck and moolah bux , which has made a significant contribution to the quarter runner through his daughters , is out of a mare
ainfoin ' s only notable runner was 1903 english triple crown winner rock sand , although his daughter bromus won the important seaton delaval plate as a juvenile and gained greater fame later on as the dam of two - time english leading sire phalaris . sainfoin ' s only other notable contribution was tout suite , whose unbeaten son hurry on led the english general sire list in 1926 and continued the male line of unbeaten barcaldine .
a full brother to fairway , pharos was a very good horse winning 14 of 30 races . this was an unduly large number of starts for a top class english horse of pharos’ era . pharos had just failed to win the english derby and his connections left him in training in the hopes that he would win a race commiserate with his ability . their patience was well rewarded because in the last start of his career pharos was victorious in the champion stakes . this race , run at newmarket in october , is a group 1 race * this writer’s opinion a good performance in this race forecasts an adaptability by a horse’s descendants to the american style of race more so than any race in europe . the champion stakes has often been the last race of a horse’s career and at one and one•fourth mile is shorter than the more prevalent european distance of one and one• half miles . the ability to revert successfully to a shorter distance tends to indicate first class speed . pharos1 _ r at stud first in england , pharos spent much of his career in france . it was in this latter country that pharos had his best success , as he sired nearco and pharis while there . perhaps it is also worthy of note that pharos sired ei greco , the maternal grandsire of ribot . as stated earlier pharos was a full brother to fairway . in no other instance in history have two brothers been so successful at racing and at stud and their influence so far reaching . hal k . may , elements of speed
after the stuyvesant , man o ' war was once again challenged by a horse from the payne whitney stables , this time in the form of whisk broom ii ' s son john p . grier . the trainer from payne whitney , james rowe , jr . , referred to man o ' war as
that red lobster
and refused to believe that he , or any other horse , was invincible . he had been aiming john p . grier at the dwyer stakes , and was hoping to beat the champion again . john p . grier stayed with man o ' war for over a mile , even pulling ahead once , and when big red caught grier and drew clear to win in record time , he broke his game opponent ' s heart . the pole
color : ch ( gb ) at 2 : won astley s . ( eng , lewes ) at 3 : won derby s . ( eng , epsom , 2414m = 12f , now g1 ) , esher s . ( eng , sandown ) , dee s . ( eng , chester ) sainfoin had a full sister , sierra ( ch f 1889 ) , who is prominent in many modern pedigrees through the full stakes winning siblings ( close )
we have a couple of paddocks that need re - seeded . has anyone any experience of including some sainfoin in a seed mix ? i understand that it can take a year to establish and doesn ' t withstand heavy grazing but that horses love it ? our soil is alkaline and not normally prone to waterlogging ( excepting this winter ! ) . any info from the uk or other countries with using it in grazing would be helpful . thanks !
the first time johnny loftus got on him , man o ' war threw the jockey about forty feet . but according to his owner ,
tossing johnny was the last bad move man o ' war ever made ,
for once he began galloping with the stable pony , major trent , and the other yearlings , man o ' war quickly became the most highly regarded horse in the barn .
most effective at around a mile , phalaris won sixteen of twenty - four races . as witnessed by the fact that he was the number one sire in england on two occasions , phalaris was a good sire of winners . however it is the strength of phalaris’ male line which places him among the elite horses in history . in fact , phalaris has founded the strongest male line of any horse of this century .
the day of the big race , j . k . l . ross , the owner of sir barton , replaced his regular rider , earl sande , with frank keogh , explaining that sande had developed a nervous stomach , but many speculated that he was taken off the older champion because he had stated that man o ' war was the best horse he had ever ridden after substituting for clarence kummer in the miller stakes that summer .
foaled in 1905 , fair play was owned and bred by major august belmont ii , and during his racing career he was trained by andrew joyner . he was best known for his rivalry with colin , to whom fair play finished second in many game efforts , including the 1908 belmont stakes . colin was the last american champion to retire undefeated until ogden phipps ' personal ensign duplicated the accomplishment in 1988 , and fair play was the only horse to ever challenge him .
the next time he ran , chicago o ' brien expressed his confidence in man o ' war ' s greatness by betting $ 100 , 000 against tom shaw ' s $ 1 , 000 that once again the big chestnut colt would prevail .
it ' s a crazy bet , i don ' t mind giving you a grand , but any horse can fall down ,
said shaw . even with an impost of 135 pounds , man o ' war managed
the great turf writer joe palmer , of the blood - horse , called him
as near to living flame as horses get ,
and most american horsemen consider him to be the greatest racehorse in american turf history . when samuel riddle was offered a million dollars for man o ' war , he answered that
lots of men have a million dollars , but only one can own man o ' war .
offered a blank check , he again declined , saying :
louis feustel , who had galloped hastings , had worked for august belmont ii under andrew joyner during fair play ' s racing career , and had trained mahubah himself , became man o ' war ' s trainer . ex - jockey harry vitotoe broke him to saddle . man o ' war proved to have inherited some of hastings ' fire , and was said to be a very difficult horse to break , fighting every step and repeatedly dumping harry . as samuel d . riddle recalled :
like all horses , the great man o ' war had his quirks . his grandsire hastings , who won the 1896 belmont stakes , was said to be one of the most unmanageable horses in history , and was famous for biting other horses during races . although some of hasting ' s fiery temperament was passed on to his grandson , man o ' war refrained from biting his competition , and he chose to chew his hooves instead , a habit which baffled those associated with the legendary horse .
the actual bid was made by riddle ' s friend ed buhler , the uncle of the great artist richard stone reeves . one of the finest painters of thoroughbreds in racing history , reeves was always awed by the fact that his uncle had bought man o ' war , and when he was commissioned to paint the great horse , he said ,
i had gathered reference material since i was a boy . it was almost as if i had been practicing all my life for that one painting .
matthew dawson trained many classic horses as well as st . simon . st . simon was thought by dawson to be far superior to any other horse he had ever seen . going further , dawson said that st . simon was as good at one furlong as he was at three miles . dawson’s claims can be substan - tiated by reviewing a few of the performances of st . simon . as a two year old st . simon had a matched race of six furlongs against duke of richmond which ranked among the best of his age . the jockey of duke of richmond had been instructed to break in front and attempt to make all the running . yet at the end of a quarter mile st . simon was ahead by fifty yards . later st . simon won the ascot goldcup at two and one - half miles . after the ascot gold he was able to successfully revert back to a mile . both dawson and archer had a predilection against allowing a horse to exert any more energy than that necessary to win . yet st . simon won races by twenty lengths while under severe restraint .
more group 1 success came in 1989 when jeff smith’s dashing blade won the dewhurst . that same year silver fling took the prix de l’abbaye for george strawbridge , but it was a kingsclere sprinter of jeff smith’s , lochsong , who was to capture the nation’s hearts in the following years . slow to reveal her talent , lochsong blossomed as a 4 year old , taking the stewards cup , the portland handicap and the ayr gold cup in 1992 – the first time all three of these big sprint handicaps had been won by the same horse in the same year . the following year she stepped up again , running away with the group 1 nunthorpe at york before recording a startling four - length victory in the prix de l’abbaye . she was crowned champion sprinter and cartier horse of the year in 1993 . racing on in 1994 , she took the temple stakes , the king’s stand and the prix de l’abbaye , retaining her title as champion sprinter . she retired to stud and her offspring have been trained successfully from park house , whilst her half - sister lochangel was trained by ian to win the nunthorpe in 1998 .
the riddles and jeffords shared a training track between their two farms in maryland , and every year the two stables matched their most promising young horses against each other in order to give them some racing experience before their first season on the track . that year , man o ' war met golden broom in the trials and the high priced saratoga yearling won the short sprint . man o ' war , being the bigger horse , had trouble breaking fast enough to beat the smaller , quicker colt , but once the big chestnut learned how to handle his long legs , it was an entirely different story .
the kenilworth gold cup was not only the
race of the century ,
but it was also the first entire race to be filmed . photographer edward muybridge , the man who had taken the first film of a running animal forty years before , used fourteen cameras to record the event , and the film was shown on broadway . even though the great horse had outrun the triple crown winner , set numerous track records , and set world records that still stand today , man o ' war had never been fully extended , and he was retired without ever having the opportunity to display his full potential .
legend , fact and disbelief become one when reviewing the career of the horse which is still regarded as america’s best . his speed and stamina were extraordinary – few horses have combined these attributes in a more spectacular manner . man o’war won twenty of twentyone starts . his one loss can be attributed to the american style of racing in that he was boxed in between the rail and outside horses . contemporary reports stated that man o’war was fully extended only once in all his races . though a top sire , the stud career of man o’war was compromised because he stood as a private stallion and the few outside mares he received were usually of inferior credentials . man o’war sired triple crown winner war admiral and his influence today is carried on mainly by in reality and olden times . through his daughters , the name of man o’war appears in the internal parts of many pedigrees . in fact , in 1973 his name appeared in the pedigree of four of five divisional champions .
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this title is currently out of print . it will be re - published shortly .
( 1939 , the thoroughbred owners and breeders association ; reprinted in 1974 ) .
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urltoken
winx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .
t . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .
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urltoken
premium forage alternative to lucerne and grass , rich in natural minerals and trace elements .
all products are natural and seasonal variations can occur , the packaging of each product will detail the typical analysis which is relevant to the batch / cut within the bag . below are this product’s specification ranges to give an indication of the seasonal variations that can occur for this product .
we do not add vitamins as the forages themselves have them naturally occurring , often in their precursor form . we have averaged the analysis of different batches for this product to provide the following vitamin & mineral figures .
prof . irene mueller - harvey of reading university also asked if mr davy had any information on faecal egg counts ( nematodes ) and mr . davy replied
yes we have done one lot and the idea is to track through the year with some more tests
.
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not for horses but we are about to grow some for cattle this year . i would be concerned about the protein levels for horses unless they were in hard work or growing . also i think horses would graze it too close to the ground and would kill it which would make it an expensive annual plant ! try cotswold seeds for advice , i have always found them very helpful .
many thanks for your help . the horses here are a greedy bunch so grazing it to ground level might be a problem unless we can grown some at one end of the field and fence it off before it gets totally eaten away ! i ' m mostly just trying to introduce a wider range of grasses , herbs etc as some of the paddocks were previously used for grazing cattle . i ' ll talk with cotswold seeds as i see they have quite a wide range of seed mixes available .
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west australian , the first winner of the english triple crown in 1853 . ( photo : 1853 painting by harry hall )
the names of the american triple crown winners are fairly common to most of us - secretariat , affirmed , citation , seattle slew , gallant fox , etc . while we might not know the intimate details of the career of every winner , most racing fans are familar with the horses themselves .
across the atlantic our friends in great britain are on the cusp of their first triple crown winner ( camelot ( gb ) ) since the great nijinsky ( or nijinky ii in the u . s . ) in 1970 . and while most of us are familiar with nijinsky , the other english champions are a bit more obscure . to help get you up to speed , i ' ve cultivated and summarized a summary of the winners of the english triple crown , from west australian to nijinsky .
west australian began his racing career by running in two races within a week in october of his juvenile season . he lost his debut but came back to win the glasgow stakes just days later . he began his three - year - old campaign in the 2 , 000 guineas at newmarket , winning by a half - length over sittingbourne . in the epsom derby , west australian faced a field of 28 horses winning by a neck over sittingbourne .
gladiateur is the only french - bred winner of the english triple crown , and one of only three horses to sweep the series that weren ' t bred in great britain . sporting a career record of 19 - 16 - 0 - 1 , gladiateur is considered one of the best throgoubreds of his time . in addition to the english triple crown , gladiateur also won the grand prix de paris and the ascot gold cup .
i don ' t have anything particularly interesting to add about lord lyon , but check out the newspaper summary of the 1866 epsom derby entitled the race for
the derby
.
one of the great champions in thoroughbred racing history , ormonde never tasted defeat in 16 career races . so feared was ormonde that only two opponents entered to run against him in the st . james ' s palace stakes at royal ascot and he was sent to post as the 3 / 100 favorite . 3 / 100 . i wonder if there were any bridge - jumpers that day ?
ormonde was devastating over any distance , winning races from six to 16 furlongs during his career . in addition to the english triple crown , ormonde won the champion stakes , the st . james ' s palace and the dewhurst .
common was one of the more obscure winners of the triple crown in that he only raced five times in his career , winning four races and finishing third in the other . unraced as a two - year - old , the 2 , 000 guineas was the first race of his career , followed by the derby . after sweeping the first two legs of the triple crown , common went to royal ascot and won the st . james ' s palace stakes but tasted his first defeat in his next start , the eclipse stakes at sandown . common would finish his career by winning the st . leger and was retired shortly after the race .
isinglass sported a sparkling 12 - 11 - 1 - 0 record in his career and won the princess of wales ' s stakes , eclipse stakes and ascot gold cup , in addition to the triple crown .
the sire of flying fox , orme , was sired by prior triple crown winner ormonde .
following his racing career , flying fox was a three - time leading sire in france ( 1904 , 1905 and 1913 ) .
unlike many of his counterparts , diamond jubilee had one of the more uneven records of any triple crown winner at 16 - 6 - 4 - 1 . diamond jubilee was bred and owned by the prince of wales ( later king edward vii ) .
rock sand sports one of the more distinguished careers of any english triple crown winner . in addition to his victories in the 2 , 000 guineas , epsom derby and st leger stakes , rock sand won the dewhurst , the st . james ' s palace stakes at royal ascot , the princess of wales ' s stakes and the jockey club stakes .
1915 - pommern ( gb ) by polymelus ( gb ) out of a st . hilaire ( gb ) mare ( merry agnes ( gb ) )
pommern , gay crusader and gainsborough are the three winners of the english triple crown during world war i , when the series was altered significantly due to the ongoing hostilities in europe . all the races were run at newmarket and the conditions for the derby and st . leger differed from their historical norms . as a result , these three winners are generally not considered
true
winners of the triple crown .
one of three non - great britain - bred horses to win the english triple crown ; bahram was bred by hh aga khan iii at the curragh in ireland .
in addition to the triple crown , bahram won the st . james ' s palace stakes at royal ascot .
1970 - nijinsky ( can ) ( or
nijinsky ii
in u . s . ) by northern dancer ( can ) out of a bull page mare ( flaming page ( can ) )
nijinsky was one of the great race horses in the 20th century and one of the most important stallions in the last 50 years . in addition to the triple crown , nijinsky won the irish derby , the dewhurst and the king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes .
nijinsky sired 1986 kentucky derby and 1987 breeders ' cup classic winner ferdinand , along with 1982 epsom derby winner golden fleece , 1986 epsom derby winner shahrastani , breeders ' cup mile winner royal academy , 2 , 000 guineas winner shadeed , and french derby winner caerleo n . that is one impressive resume .
this article has a component height of 41 . the sidebar size is long .
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the term “upset” has been used in all sports . it i . . .
man o’ war , regarded as one of the two or three be . . .
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the legendary man o ' war , informally christened big red by racing fans , was foaled at the nursery stud in lexington , kentucky , shortly before midnight on march 29 , 1917 .
his dam was mahubah , a bay daughter of the english triple crown winner rock sand . bred in england , rock sand won that country ' s most coveted trio of races , the epsom derby , the 2 , 000 guineas , and the st . leger stakes , in 1903 , and then made headlines again in 1906 with his $ 125 , 000 pricetag when purchased by august belmont ii , who imported him into the united states .
man o ' war ' s sire was the leading sire fair play , a golden chestnut sired by hastings , the infamously bad tempered belmont stakes winner of 1896 , and out of fairy gold . winner of england ' s woodcote stakes for two - year - old fillies , fairy gold was a daughter of the 1880 epsom derby winner bend or .
when the two retired to stud , it was colin who found himself to be overshadowed , for his stud record paled in comparison to that of his old rival . in addition to man o ' war , fair play sired the accomplished horses display , mad play , chance shot , chance play , mad hatter , my play , ladkin , chatterton , stromboli , masda , sands of pleasure , and countless others , leading the american sires list in 1920 , 1924 , and 1927 .
man o ' war was so dubbed by mrs . eleanor robson belmont , who traditionally named all of her husband ' s horses , including mahubah , whose name is arabic for ' good tidings ' . mrs . belmont originally wanted to call mahubah ' s colt
my man o ' war
in honor of her husband ' s participation in world war i . when she sent the registration to new york , the first word was dropped and he was officially named man o ' war .
major belmont had planned on racing the colt in his own colors , as he usually raced the horses he bred , but in 1918 belmont decided to sell his yearlings , feeling that his involvement in the war in europe would prevent him from racing them . therefore , after an attempt to sell them as a package failed , man o ' war and the other nursery stud youngsters were sent to saratoga ' s sale in august of 1918 .
the highest priced yearling at saratoga that summer was a blaze faced chestnut colt named golden broom , purchased by mrs . walter m . jeffords for $ 15 , 600 . her cousin , samuel doyle riddle , a textile manufacturer and former rider on the northeastern hunt circuit , paid a moderate $ 5 , 000 for man o ' war .
the reasons for riddle ' s purchase have been greatly debated , with numerous individuals claiming to have influenced the decision . what is known is that trainer louis feustel wanted a fair play colt , and also admired man o ' war ' s dam , mahubah , having trained her for belmont . it was said , probably with at least some truth , that riddle felt that man o ' war would surely make an excellent hunter , if he was not a successful racehorse .
it was also said that sam riddle liked the way the colt ' s coat shone
like gold in the afternoon sunlight ,
although this poetic legend seems at odds with claims that man o ' war was not prepared for the sale as carefully as his stablemates . belmont had considered holding man o ' war back from the sale , but had decided that keeping the best colt for himself might make a bad impression on potential buyers .
he fought like a tiger . he screamed with rage , and fought us so hard that it took several days before he could be handled with safety .
while this description was very possibly an exaggeration , it was well known that man o ' war threw his rider while still at saratoga , and enjoyed at least fifteen minutes of freedom before he was captured .
three days after breaking his maiden the first time out , man o ' war went on to win the keene memorial , beating colin ' s son on watch by three lengths . he covered the sloppy five and a half furlongs in 1 : 05 3 / 5 .
next came the youthful stakes at jamaica . once again , on watch failed to catch him , and man o ' war was the two and a half length winner . it was only two days later that he went to post at aqueduct in the hudson stakes , and despite an impost of 130 pounds the story was no different . the big chestnut son of fair play won by a length and a half , and was quite obviously not running his hardest . in the july 5 tremont stakes , also at aqueduct , and also under 130 pounds , an extra furlong proved no challenge . man o ' war easily beat ralco by a length .
after a month off , man o ' war went to post at saratoga for the u . s . hotel stakes . for the third time he carried 130 pounds . big red wired the field , and h . p . whitney ' s upset could only get within two lengths of him . man o ' war ' s brilliance in these early juvenile stakes prompted comparisons to colin and sysonby .
then , on august 13 , 1919 man o ' war met payne whitney stable ' s upset and his old rival golden broom , who had since won the saratoga special , in saratoga ' s sanford memorial stakes . after a substitute starter sent the field off while he had his hindquarters to the barrier , man o ' war was working to make up lost ground when his rider , johnny loftus , sufferd an error in judgment , going to the inside , and the champion was boxed in . when he finally found racing room , it was a moment too late . the living legend had been upset by upset , losing by less than a half length and carrying fifteen pounds more than the winner , who in the race of his life had covered the six furlongs in 1 : 11 1 / 5 . willie knapp , who rode upset , described the race :
we ' d passed the quarter pole and were going to the eighth pole , i guess it was , and i heard something right behind me and i knew it was big red coming at me now . i looked back and there he was . johnny loftus was riding like a crazy man and he yelled at me , ` move out , willie ! i ' m coming through ! ' so i yelled back at him , ` take off ! take off me , bum , or i ' ll put you through the rail ! ' then i set down to riding and we won .
stable employees claimed that man o ' war had nightmares for weeks after his only defeat , and he never lost again . golden broom developed a quarter crack , and was retired for the year after finishing third in the sanford memorial .
man o ' war got even in the grand union hotel stakes , beating upset by a length with the highly regarded blazes third . he also won the hopeful stakes by four lengths and finished the season with a two and a half length victory over john p . grier in the belmont futurity .
in 1920 , johnny loftus was denied a renewal of his jockey ' s license , possibly as a result of the controversy following the sanford memorial , and therefore man o ' war had a new regular rider in clarence kummer .
man o ' war ' s three - year - old career began with a win over upset and wildair in the 1920 preakness stakes . to the great disappointment of racing fans , he had been kept out of the kentucky derby because samuel riddle disapproved of three - year - olds being asked to run a mile and a quarter so early in may . after setting a new american record of 1 : 35 4 / 5 for the mile in the withers stakes , big red took the belmont stakes by a stunning twenty lengths , breaking sir barton ' s american record in the process . man o ' war ' s time for the mile and three eighths was 2 : 14 1 / 5 .
to keep his footing and rewarded the faithful gambler by easily scoring an eight length victory in the stuyvesant handicap . he had successfully given 32 pounds to runner up yellow hand .
where man o ' war passed grier was preserved at aqueduct , called the
man o ' war pole
in honor of the event . man o ' war ' s time of 1 : 49 1 / 5 for the mile and an eighth was a new american record .
john p . grier did at least partially recover , and later beat the champion filly cleopatra in the aqueduct handicap while giving her sixteen pounds . he also won the edgemere and annapolis handicaps , and was widely considered the second best three year old of 1920 .
after the dwyer , man o ' war won the miller stakes by six lengths and in the travers stakes he beat upset by two and a half lengths , with john p . grier third , and covered the mile and a quarter in 2 : 01 4 / 5 without any difficulty , despite high weight of 129 pounds . the whitney horses carried 123 and 115 , respectively .


setoeolis inconspicua is a species of sea slug , specifically an aeolid nudibranch .

it is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family facelinidae .

it is the only species in the genus setoeolis baba & hamatani , 1965 .

setoeolis inconspicua

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urltoken
echizen - coast wakasa bay , japan , 4 m , 10 july 2002 . upper : approx 17mm long . , lower : approx 12mm long . photos : jun imamoto .
from the photos on the forum this is quite variable in colour . one consistent feature appears to be the ceratal colouration with a subapical yellow band , below which is a transparent region through which the dark brown or reddish brown tip of the digestive gland duct can be seen , then below this a blue or bluish - purple band . below this band the cerata wall can be transparent , or have scattered white patches or be almost completely covered in white dusting .
references : • baba , k . ( 1938 ) opisthobranchia of kii , middle japan . journal of the department of agriculture . kyusyu imperial university , 6 ( 1 ) : 1 - 19 . • baba , k . & hamatani , i . ( 1965 ) the anatomy of sakuraeolis enosimensis ( baba , 1930 ) , n . g . ( = hervia ceylonica ( ? ) eliot , 1913 ) ( nudibranchia - eolidoidea ) . publications of the seto marine biological laboratory , 13 ( 2 ) : 103 - 113 , pls . viii - x
osezaki , izu peninsula , suruga bay , japan depth : 10m , water temperature : 19c degrees . size : about 20mm . 11 may 2002
dear jun , this animal lacks most of the opaque orange pigmentation on the body wall but otherwise would seem to be the same . it certainly shows the characteristic colour bands on the cerata . best wishes , bill rudman
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graphium angolanus , the angola white lady , is a species of butterfly in the family papilionidae ( swallowtails ) .

it is found in sub-saharan africa .

the wingspan is 65 – 70 mm in males and 70 – 75 mm in females .

the fight period is year-round , peaking in november and february .

the caterpillars feed on annona senegalensis , sphedamnocarpus pruriens , uvaria species , landolphia buchannani , and landolphia ugandensis .

graphium angolanus

graphium ( arisbe ) angolanus ( goeze , 1779 ) = papilio angolanus goeze , 1779 = graphium pylades = graphium ( arisbe ) angolanus = papilio pylades lapydes suffert , 1904 .
parents animalia , arthropoda , hexapoda , insecta , pterygota , lepidoptera , glossata , neolepidoptera , heteroneura , eulepidoptera , obtectomera , papilionoidea , papilionidae , graphium , graphium angolanus subsp . angolanus
graphium angolanus ( angola white lady ) , limpopo province , south africa . [ photo diedericks g . © ]
papilio angolanus goeze , 1779 ; ent . beyträge 3 ( 1 ) : 87 ; tl : angolae
the angola white lady ( graphium angolanus ) is a species of butterfly in the family papilionidae , found in subsaharan africa . [ 1 ] | pinterest
common in woodlands from central ( tropical ) to southern africa . graphium angolanus is the correct name for this taxon , with pylades as the name of the central african subspecies
graphium angolanus is unlike any other african species with the possible exception of g . philonoe . in philonoe the large white area on the forewings is broken up into a series of bars .
graphium angolanus subsp . angolanus - species dictionary - southern africa : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
graphium ( graphium ) anthedon ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) monticolus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) agamemnon ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( graphium ) meyeri ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( graphium ) codrus celebensis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) codrus stiris ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) codrus taloranus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) anthedon milon ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) anthedon coelius ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) monticolus monticolus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) monticolus textrix ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus gordion ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus arctofasciatus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus pamphylus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus sangira ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus fumikoe ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) agamemnon comodus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( graphium ) meyeri meyeri ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( graphium ) meyeri extremum ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( graphium ) antiphates kalaoensis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( graphium ) antiphates kurosawai ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( graphium ) sarpedon sarpedon ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 1 - 6
graphium ( graphium ) eurypylus insularis [ sic ] ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
graphium ( graphium ) codrus yayoeae ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 2 , f . 3 - 4
graphium ( graphium ) codrus noeli ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 2 , f . 5 - 8
graphium ( graphium ) empedovana empedovana ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 1 , f . 6 - 7
graphium ( graphium ) sandawanum sandawanum ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 3 , f . 7 - 8
graphium ( graphium ) sandawanum joreli ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 3 , f . 9 - 10
graphium chironides malayanum ; [ bmp ] : 76 , pl . 6 , f . 2
graphium macfarlanei ; [ bow ] : pl . 131 , f . 10 ( text )
graphium macfarlanei seminigra ; [ baur ] , 115 , f . ( larva , pupa )
species graphium doson ( c . felder & r . felder , 1864 ) - common jay
graphium ( graphium ) codrus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium macleayanus wilsoni couchman , 1965 ; utas : 84 ; tl : kuranda , n . q .
graphium eurypylus mecisteus ; [ bmp ] : 76 , pl . 5 , f . 7 - 8
neue unterarten und neue namen in den gattungen papilio , graphium und parnassius ( lep . : papilionidae )
note sur graphium illyris ( hewitson ) et revision systematique de l ' espece ( lep . papilionidae )
graphium ( graphium ) codrus melanthus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 1 , f . 8 - 9 , pl . 2 , f . 1 - 2
graphium anthedon anthedon ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 221
graphium anthedon dodingensis ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 224
graphium anthedon crudum ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 224
graphium anthedon sulaensis ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 222
graphium anthedon halesus ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 222
graphium macleayanus ; [ bow ] : pl . 131 , f . 22 ; couchman , 1965 , utas : 84
= graphium monticolus textrix ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
graphium sarpedon luctatius ; [ bmp ] : 75 , pl . 6 , f . 4 ; [ bor ] , 98
graphium evemon eventus ; [ bor ] , 100 ; [ bmp ] : 76 , pl . 5 , f . 9
graphium doson nauta tsukada & nishiyama , 1980 ; in tsukada ( ed . ) , butts se asian islands 1 : 380
graphium arycles arycles ; [ bmp ] : 76 , pl . 6 , f . 3 ; [ bor ] , 102
graphium browni ; [ bow ] : pl . 132 , f . 2 ( text ) ; [ baur ] , 110
graphium ( pathysa ) antiphates ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) euphrates ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) androcles ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) rhesus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( pathysa ) dorcus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( paranticopsis ) encelades ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 95
graphium stratocles senectus tsukada & nishiyama , 1980 ; in tsukada ( ed . ) , butts se asian islands 1 : 423
graphium ( paranticopsis ) deucalion ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 95
graphium sumatranum ; hancock , 1983 ; moonen , 1998 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 49 ( 3 ) : 220
graphium gelon ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 284 ; [ baur ] , 120
graphium ( pathysa ) euphrates elegantia ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 95
graphium ( pathysa ) androcles androcles ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) androcles cleomenes ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) androcles pelengensis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) rhesus rhesus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( pathysa ) rhesus rhesulus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 93
graphium ( pathysa ) rhesus parvimacula ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) dorcus dorcus ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( pathysa ) dorcus butungensis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium ( paranticopsis ) deucalion deucalion ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 95
graphium ( paranticopsis ) deucalion marabuntana ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 95
graphium antiphates tiomanus moonen , 1984 ; papilio int . 1 ( 3 ) : 47 ( repl . pathysa insularis eliot , 1978 )
graphium phidias obscurium yoshino , 2017 ; butterfly science 7 : 25 ; tl : dalat , 1500m , lam dong , s . vietanm
copyright : mark hyde , bart wursten , petra ballings and meg coates palgrave , 2002 - 18 hyde , m . a . , wursten , b . t . , ballings , p . & coates palgrave , m . ( 2018 ) . flora of zimbabwe : insect details : individual images : graphium angolanus image2 . urltoken retrieved 9 july 2018 site software last modified : 26 december 2016 8 : 34pm ( gmt + 2 ) terms of use
graphium cloanthus ; [ bor ] , 98 ; [ bow ] : pl . 131 , f . 16 ; [ mrs ] , 168
graphium ucalegon fonteinei berger , 1981 ; les papillons du zaire : 51 ; tl : sankuru , km . 43 , route de lusambo à batempa
graphium ( pathysa ) rhesus rhapia [ sic ] ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
graphium codrus noeli page & treadaway , 2003 ; in bauer & frankenbach , butterflies of the world , suppl . 8 : ( 1 - 6 )
graphium abri smith & vane - wright , 2001 ; bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( ent . ) 70 ( 2 ) : 628
graphium ucalegon schoutedeni berger , 1950 ; ann . mus . congo belge zool . ( 3 ) 8 ( 1 ) : 73 ; tl : uele , bambesa
graphium ( macfarlaneana ) agamemnon agamemnon ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 , pl . 1 , f . 4 - 5
graphium sandawanum yamamoto , 1977 ; tyô to ga 28 ( 3 ) : 87 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : philippines , mindanao , mt . apo
graphium olbrechtsi berger , 1950 ; ann . mus . congo belge zool . ( 3 ) 8 ( 1 ) : 85 ; tl : sankuru , mwene - ditu
graphium glycerion kimurai murayama , 1982 ; new ent . 31 ( 4 ) : 69 , 71 , f . 1 ; tl : doi inthanon , n . thailand
graphium evombar viossati collins , 1997 ; in d ' abrera , butts afrotrop . region ( 1 ) : 56 ; tl : comoro islands , anjouan , forest of moya
graphium clanis malayanum eliot , 1982 ; malayan nat . j . 35 ( 1 / 2 ) : 180 ; tl : malaysia , selangor , 16 miles s of pahang road
graphium ucalegonides rileyi berger , 1950 ; ann . mus . congo belge zool . ( 3 ) 8 ( 1 ) : 78 ; tl : gold coast , west africa , begoro
graphium porthaon tanganyikae kielland , 1978 ; tijdschr . ent . 121 ( 4 ) : 161 , pl . 6 , f . 21 - 24 ; tl : tanzania , kigoma , kasoge
graphium ( leptocircini ) ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 3 ; [ afrl ] ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 90
1134x873 ( ~ 315kb ) underside male cambodia , koh kong province , right bank of the thma bang river left tributary at the bridge , 7 km sw thma bang village , 23rd august 2011 ( graphium sarpedon sarpedon , gandaca harina , eurema sp . ) , photo © oleg kosterin
1208x752 ( ~ 336kb ) underside male cambodia , koh kong province , 25 . 5 km of ene koh kong , the ' capricornis ' forest rivulet near its junction with the sala munthun ( right tatai ) river . 29th november 2010 ( graphium sarpedon sarpedon , pathysa agetes agetes ) , photo © oleg kosterin
990x806 ( ~ 233kb ) underside male cambodia , koh kong province , 25 . 5 km of ene koh kong , the ' capricornis ' forest rivulet near its junction with the sala munthun ( right tatai ) river . 29th november 2010 ( graphium sarpedon sarpedon , pathysa antiphates pompilius ) , photo © oleg kosterin
1144x873 ( ~ 355kb ) underside male cambodia , koh kong province , 25 . 5 km of ene koh kong , the ' capricornis ' forest rivulet near its junction with the sala munthun ( right tatai ) river . 29th november 2010 ( middle , between graphium sarpedon sarpedon and pathysa agetes agetes ) , photo © oleg kosterin
the species has a unique appearence with its falcate forewing , pure white ground - colour with a broad black border and white spots in it . the hindwing is tailles but is strongly lobed . there is a variable extent of red on the hindwing underside . the body is also black and white checqered . there is no other similarly looking butterfly . originally g . angolanus was a savannah butterfly but with its strong flight it could penetrate into the open areas in the forest zone . it is usually more common in the dry season , but can appear basically everywhere within its range . the flight is strong , although specimens sometimes stop at flowers . males are avid hilltoppers and they also appear on puddles . in the evening hours before dusk some males can also gather and patrol around their resting area .
papilio codrus cramer , [ 1777 ] ; uitl . kapellen 2 ( 9 - 16 ) : 127 , pl . 179 , f . a , b
larva on hernandia avigera , hernandia , h . peltata ? [ baur ] , annona , uvaria , hernandia , ? thespesia vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 91
aru , waigeu , w . irian - papua , d ' entrecasteaux , woodlark , rossel is .
= papilio codrus medon ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 426
papilio codrus b ( celebensis ) wallace , 1865 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . 25 ( 1 ) : 64 ; tl : celebes ; sulla is
papilio codrus loc . f . a ( gilolensis ) wallace , 1865 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . 25 ( 1 ) : 64
papilio segonax godman & salvin , 1878 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 : 734 ; tl : new ireland
= papilio codrus pisidice ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 426
papilio segonax tenebrionis rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 427 ; tl : new georgia , solomon islands
papilio codrus auratus rothschild , 1898 ; novit . zool . 5 ( 2 ) : 218 ; tl : st . gabriel , admiralty is .
papilio codrus toealensis rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 4 ) : 424 ; tl : kei toeal
codrus stiris ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 93
codrus taloranus ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 93
papilio codrus schoutensis talbot & joicey , 1916 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1916 ( 1 ) : 68
larva on geifera salicifolia , doryphora aromatica , atherosperma moschatum [ baur ] , tasmannia lanceolata , t . xerophila , atherosperma moschatum , daphnandra micrantha , d . repandula , doryphora aromatica , d . sassafras , cinnamomum camphora , cryptocarya hypospodia , endiandra pubens , geijera salicifolia k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
papilio macleayanus insulana waterhouse , 1920 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 45 ( 3 ) : 470 ; tl : lord howe island
papilio weiskei stresemanni rothschild , 1915 ; in rothschild & durrant , lep . b . o . u . exp . new guinea : 4 ; tl : ceram
papilio cloanthus westwood , 1841 ; arcana entomologica , 1 : pl . 11 , f . 2 , ( 4 ) 42 ; tl : n . india
papilio cloanthus f . temp . cloanthulus fruhstorfer , 1902 ; dt . ent . z . iris 15 ( 1 ) : 168
papilio cloanthus var . clymenus leech , 1893 ; butts china japan corea ( 2 ) : 523 , pl . 32 , f . 2
papilio cloanthus kuge fruhstorfer , 1908 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 29 ) : 119 ; tl : chip - chip
papilio cloanthus var . sumatrana hagen , 1894 ; dt . ent . z . iris 7 ( 1 ) : 28 ; tl : sumatra
china , ceylon , s . india , kashmir - assam , burma , au . see [ maps ]
1047x773 ( ~ 62kb ) underside yona , okinawa , ryukyus , japan , 8 - 93 , photo © s . shuichi haupt
1000x888 ( ~ 105kb ) underside japan : tokyo , 18 . 09 . 2007 , photo © peter payzant
larva on lauraceae , myrtaceae , sapotaceae [ eob ] , cinnamomum camphora , cinnamomum oliveri , cryptocarya triplinervis , neolitsea dealbata , doryphora aromatica , tristania laurina , planchonella laurina , litsea glutinosa , macaranga spp . , rutaceae [ mrs ] , geijera salicifolia , daphnandra aromatica , cryptocarya , planchonella laurifolia , persea gratissima [ baur ]
larva on annona reticulata , melodorum leichhardti , doryphora aromatica , beilschmiedia obtusifolia , cinnamomum camphora , cinnamomum oliveri , cryptocarya cinnamomifolia , c . hypospodia , c . mackinnoniana , c . murrayi , c . triplinervis , endiandra impressicosta , litsea ferruginea , l . glutinosa , l . leefeana , l . reticulata , neolitsea australiensis , n . dealbata , planchonella laurifolia , geijera salicifolia ? , tristania laurina ? , clerodendrum spp . ? , macaranga spp . ? k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
= papilio sarpedon ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 440
aru , kai is . , misool , salawati , waigeu , w . irian - papua , d ' entrecasteaux , louisiades , woodlark , torres straits is . , e . australia
delchina [ sic ] thermodusa swinhoe , 1885 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1885 : 146 ; tl : matheran
papilio parsedon westwood , 1872 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1872 ( 2 ) : 99 , pl . 5 , f . 1 - 2
papilio sarpedon parsedon ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 442
papilio sarpedon var . semifasciatus honrath , 1888 ; ent . nachr . 14 ( 11 ) : 161 ; tl : china , kiukiang
bougainville , shortland is . , santa isabel , gudalcanal , florida is . , choiseul
papilio isander godman & salvin , 1888 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 1 ( 3 ) : 211 ; tl : aola , guadalcanar i .
papilio sarpedon imparilis rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 443 ; tl : new britain ; new ireland ; duke of york
papilio sarpedon impar rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 443 ; tl : solomon islands , new georgia
papilio sarpedon rufofervidus fruhstorfer , 1898 ; berl . ent . zs . 42 ( 3 / 4 ) : 305 ; tl : nias
papilio sarpedon jugans rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 3 ) : 324 ; tl : waingapoeng , sumba
papilio sarpedon adonarensis rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 3 ) : 324 ; tl : adonara ; sumbawa
papilio sarpedon nipponus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 215 ; tl : okinawa
papilio sarpedon luctatius fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 30 ) : 183 ; tl : natuna
papilio sarpedon timorensis rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 3 ) : 323 ; tl : timor ; wetter
? papilio surusumi matsumura , 1910 ; ent . zs . 23 ( 47 ) : 209 ; tl : formosa , horisha
larva on cinnamomum camphora , cinnamomum micranthum , c . osmophloeum , c . japonica , persea thunbergii , p . zuihoensis , litsea kostermansii , lindera glauca , persea japonica , neolitsea sericea , n . aciculata , laurus nobilis [ mrs ]
papilio sarpedon messogis fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 30 ) : 183 ; tl : key ; aru
papilio sarpedon phyris jordan , 1937 ; novit . zool . 40 : 321 ; tl : siberut
? papilio sarpedon anthedon ab . citricinctus fruhstorfer , 1899 ; berl . ent . zs . 43 ( 3 / 4 ) : 423
larva on cinnamomum vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
= papilio sarpedon milon ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 444
papilio sarpedon var . milon ab . milonides honrath , 1884 ; berl . ent . z . 28 ( 2 ) : 397 ; tl : macassar
papilio sarpedon dodingensis rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 3 ) : 323 ; tl : halmaheira
papilio sarpedon crudus rothschild , 1898 ; novit . zool . 5 : 416 ; tl : obi
papilio sarpedon coelius fruhstorfer , 1899 ; berl . ent . zs . 43 ( 3 / 4 ) : 424 ; tl : sula - mangoli
papilio sarpedon sulaensis lathy , 1899 ; entomologist 32 : 149 ; tl : sula arch .
papilio sarpedon halesus fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 30 ) : 183 ; tl : buru
papilio monticolus fruhstorfer , 1896 ; soc . ent . 11 ( 3 ) : 20
= ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 284
papilio empedocles fabricius , 1787 ; mantissa insectorum 2 : 10 , no . 94
papilio empedocles ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 427
papilio empedovana corbet , 1941 ; j . fed . malay st . mus . 18 ( 5 ) : 805
papilio mendana godman & salvin , 1888 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 1 ( 3 ) : 212 ; tl : aola , guadalcanar i .
papilio mendana var . acous ribbe , 1898 ; soc . ent . 12 ( 21 ) : 161 ; tl : bougainville
papilio mendana neyra rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 428 ; tl : solomon islands , rubiana ( new georgia )
papilio eurypylus gabinus fruhstorfer , 1909 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 41 ) : 170 ; tl : sumbawa
larva on annona reticulata , a . muricata , rauwenhoffia leichhardtii , mitrephora froggattii , polyalthia nitidissima , diploglottis australis [ mrs ]
larva on michelia champaca , annona cherimola , a . glabra , a . muricata , a . reticulata , artabotryus sp . , desmos sp . , melodorum spp . , miliusa traceyi , mitrephora froggattii , polyalthia australis , p . nitidissima , p . sp . , rauwenhoffia leichhardtii , saccopetalum bidwillii , uvaria goezeanus , u . membranacea , u . rufa , annona squamosa ? k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
larva on annona , artabotrys , desmos , fitzalania , melodorum , miliusa , mitrephora , polyalthia , pseuduvaria , rauwenhoffia , saccopetalum , uvaria , michelia vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 92
? papilio eurypylus tagalicus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 210
papilio lycaon c . & r . felder , 1865 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 1 ) : 68
papilio sangira oberthür , 1879 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1879 ( 3 ) : 229 , pl . 8 , f . 1
arisbe ( eurypleana ) eurypylus mecisteus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 13 , pl . 5 , f . 1
papilio sallastius staudinger , 1895 ; dt . ent . z . iris 7 ( 2 ) : 351 ; tl : wetter ; sumbawa
papilio eurypylus sallastius ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 431
papilio eurypylus extensus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 430 ; tl : new ireland
papilio eurypylus lycaonides rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 430 ; tl : new guinea
papilio eurypylus crispus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 208 ; tl : babber
papilio eurypylus sallastinus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 208 ; tl : sumba
sikkim - s . burma , thailand - s . china , s . yunnan , hainan , indo - china
papilio eurypylus cheronus f . vern . petina jordan , 1909 ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 98 ; tl : indo - china
papilio eurypylus melampus ab . rufinus rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 4 ) : 425
papilio eurypylus lutorius fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 30 ) : 182 ; tl : batjan , halmaheira
papilio eurypylus aloricus fruhstorfer , 1909 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 41 ) : 170 ; tl : alor
papilio evemon boisduval , 1836 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 1 : 234
papilio evemon albociliatis fruhstorfer , 1901 ; soc . ent . 16 ( 14 ) : 106 ; tl : tonkin
papilio evemon igneolus fruhstorfer , 1901 ; soc . ent . 16 ( 12 ) : 89 ; tl : nias
s . burma , thailand , peninsular malaya , langkawi is . , sumatra , banka , borneo
papilio evemon eventus fruhstorfer , 1908 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 37 ) : 222 ; tl : borneo ; natuna ; sumatra ; malay peninsula
? papilio orthia jordan , 1909 ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 98 ( spell . ? )
arisbe ( eurypleana ) evemon orithia ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 12
papilio evemon hetaerias jordan , 1937 ; novit . zool . 40 : 321 , pl . 14 , f . 2 ; tl : siberut
nepal - c . burma , n . laos , vietman , cambodia . see [ maps ]
papilio chiron wallace , 1865 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . 25 ( 1 ) : 66 ( preocc . ) ; tl : assam ; sylhet
papilio bathycles chiron f . vern . ligyra jordan , 1909 ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 100
clanis ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 100
s . japan , riu kiu , ceylon , s . india - bengal , kumaon - assam , burma . see [ maps ]
1047x773 ( ~ 44kb ) underside okuma , okinawa , ryukyus , japan , 8 - 93 , photo © s . shuichi haupt
papilio jason mikado ; fruhstorfer , 1907 , ent . zs . 21 ( 34 ) : 209
papilio jason praestabilis fruhstorfer , 1909 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 41 ) : 170 ; tl : tonkin ; hong kong
982x989 ( ~ 359kb ) underside cambodia , koh kong province , a rocky left bank of the sala muntun ( right tatai river ) at its mouth . 24th august 2011 , photo © oleg kosterin
= papilio eurypylus axion ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 433
papilio heurni [ jacobson ] & eecke , 1914 ; tijdschr . ent . 57 : 12
arisbe ( eurypleana ) doson evemonides ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 1 - 2 , 9 - 11
papilio eurypylus rubroplaga rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 4 ) : 504 ; tl : nias i .
papilio jason jostianus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 212
arisbe ( eurypleana ) doson postianus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 7 - 8
larva on magnolia grandiflora , michelia alba , m . compressa , annona squamosa [ mrs ]
papilio jason gyndes fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 34 ) : 209 ; tl : palawan
arisbe ( eurypleana ) doson gyndes ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 3 - 4
papilio jason eleius fruhstorfer , 1907 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 34 ) : 209 ; tl : malabar , karwa
doson perillus ( fruhstorfer , 1908 ) ( papilio ) ; ent . wochenbl . 25 ( 9 ) : 38
papilio kajanga corbet , 1937 ; proc . r . ent . soc . lond . ( b ) 6 ( 3 ) : 47
arisbe ( eurypleana ) doson nauta ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 5 - 6
papilio arycles boisduval , 1836 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 1 : 231 ; tl : singapore
= papilio arycles ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 446
papilio arycles incertus fruhstorfer , 1899 ; berl . ent . zs . 44 ( 3 / 4 ) : 283 ; tl : singapore
papilio arycles perinthus fruhstorfer , 1915 ; ent . rundschau 32 ( 1 ) : 6 ; tl : palawan
arisbe ( eurypleana ) arycles perinthus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 4 , f . 5 - 6
papilio arycles arycleoides fruhstorfer , 1902 ; dt . ent . z . iris 14 ( 2 ) : 344 ; tl : e . thailand
papilio bathycles zinken , 1831 ; nova acta physico - med . [ leop . carol . ] 15 ( 1 ) : 157 , pl . 14 , f . 6 - 7
papilio bathycles var . bathycloides honrath , 1884 ; berl . ent . z . 28 ( 2 ) : 396 , pl . 10 , f . 3
arisbe ( eurypleana ) batchycles bathycloides ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 5 , f . 7 - 9
papilio bathycles tereus fruhstorfer , 1908 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 37 ) : 222 ; tl : hainan
papilio bathycles manlius fruhstorfer , 1908 ; ent . zs . 21 ( 37 ) : 222 ( preocc . papilio manlius fabricius , 1798 ) ; tl : palawan
papilio leechi rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 437 ; tl : chang - yang , china
china , ceylon , s . india - saurasthtra , kumaon - assam , burma . see [ maps ]
papilio agamemnon lasius van eecke , 1918 ; zool . meded . 4 ( 7 ) : 73 ; tl : pulu lasia
600x400 ( ~ 24kb ) larva india : pune , 20 . 9 . 2008 © kedar tokekar
600x400 ( ~ 33kb ) larva india : pune , 20 . 9 . 2008 © kedar tokekar
larva on michelia champaca , ancana stenopetala , annona cheromoya , a . cherimola , a . glabra , a . muricata , a . reticulata , a . squamosa , cyathostemma micranthum , desmos goezeanus , d . sp . , fitzalania heteropetala , goniothalamus australis , haplostichanthus johnsonii , h . spp . , melodorum uhrii , m . spp . , miliusa brahei , m . traceyi , mitrephora froggattii , oncodostigma sp . , polyalthia michaelii , p . nitidissima , p . sp . , pseuduvaria froggattii , p . hylandii , p . mulgraveana , p . villosa , rauwenhoffia leichhardtii , rollinia deliciosa , uvaria goezeanus , u . membranacea , u . rufa , xylopia maccreai , x . sp . k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
n . india - singapore , s . yunnan , taiwan , sumatra , java , bali , borneo , philippines
= papilio agamemnon ♂ - ab . aegisthus ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 449
larva on magnolia grandiflora , michelia alba , m . compressa , annona montana , a . squamosa , artabotrys uncinatus , desmos cochinchinensis , uvaria microcarpa [ mrs ] , annona , mitrephora froggattii [ baur ] , saccopetalum , friesodielsia , polyalthia [ bmp ]
papilio plisthenes c . & r . felder , 1865 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 1 ) : 70 ; tl : amboina
papilio agamemnon var . neopommerania honrath , [ 1888 ] ; berl . ent . z . 31 ( 2 ) : 350 , pl . 6 , f . 4 ; tl : neu pommern
papilio argynnus druce , 1888 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 2 ( 9 ) : 235 ; tl : key is .
aru , misool , salawati , waigen , w . irian - papua , d ' entrecasteaux , torres strait is . , ne . australia
papilio agamemnon ligatus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 451 ; tl : new guinea
papilio agamemnon decoratus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 452 ; tl : nicobar islands
papilio agamemnon salomonis rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 453 ; tl : solomona islands , guadalcanar
papilio agamemnon rufoplenus fruhstorfer , 1898 ; berl . ent . zs . 42 ( 3 / 4 ) : 310 ; tl : nias
agamemnon andamana ( lathy , 1907 ) ( papilio ) ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1907 ( 1 ) : 5 ; tl : andaman i .
papilio agamemnon atropictus fruhstorfer , 1904 ; berl . ent . zs . 49 ( 1 / 2 ) : 195 ; tl : engano
agamemnon pulo ( evans , 1932 ) ( zetides ) ; indian butterflies ( edn . 2 ) : 56 ; tl : nicobar
papilio agamemnon aelius fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 218 ( repl . papilio agamemon var . baweana hagen , 1896 )
papilio agamemnon var . celebensis fickert , 1889 ; zool . jahrb . : 730
agamemnon ugiensis ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 102
papilio agamemnon admiralis rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 195 ; tl : manus , admiralty islands
papilio meeki rothschild & jordan , 1901 ; novit . zool . 8 ( 4 ) : 402 , f . a ; tl : isabel , solomon is .
papilio macfarlanei butler , 1877 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1877 ( 3 ) : 471 ; tl : new guinea
larva on annona , annona mercuriata , a . squamosa [ baur ] , annona muricata , a . reticulata k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
bachan , ternate , halmahera , waigeu , misool , salawati , w . irian - papua , ne . australia
papilio macfarlanei cestius fruhstorfer , 1903 ; soc . ent . 18 ( 7 ) : 49 ; tl : ?
papilio macfarlanei admiralia rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 195 ; tl : manus , admiralty islands
papilio meyeri hopffer , 1874 ; stettin ent . ztg 35 ( 1 - 3 ) : 19 ; tl : celebes
papilio procles grose - smith , 1887 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 20 : 433 ; tl : kina balu
papilio wallacei hewitson , 1858 ; ill . exot . butts [ 1 ] ( papilio iii ) : [ 5 ] , pl . [ 3 ] , f . 7 ; tl : new guinea
papilio wallacei rubrosignatus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 455 ; tl : northern moluccas , batjan
bougainville , choiseul , shortland is . , florida is . , guadalcanal , new georgia group , ugi is . . see [ maps ]
papilio hicetaon mathew , 1886 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1886 : 350 ; tl : ugi i .
new britain , duke of york group , new hanover , st . mathias ? . see [ maps ]
papilio browni godman & salvin , 1879 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1879 : 655 ; tl : new ireland
ailus billberg , 1820 ; enum . ins . mus . billb . : 81 ( repl . for zelima fabricius , 1807 ) ) ; ts : papilio pylades fabricius
: n . o . tanganyika , ukaranga ; n . nyassa see , langenburg
papilio evombar boisduval , 1836 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 1 : 254 ; tl : madagascar , comoro i .
papilio policenes cramer , [ 1775 ] ; uitl . kapellen 1 ( 1 - 7 ) : 61
larva on uvaria caffra , artabotrys [ eob ] , artabotrys monteiroae [ bk ] , uvaria bukobensis , u . chamae , landolphia buchannani , l . ugandensis , polyalthia sp . , annona reticulata , a . senegalensis , a . squamosa , monanthotaxis caffra [ afrl ]
guinea , sierra leone , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . nigeria . see [ maps ]
e . nigeria , equatorial guinea , bioko , cameroon , gabon , congo , e . congo republic , burundi . see [ maps ]
cameroon , gabon , congo , congo republic ( bas - fleuve , equateur ) . see [ maps ]
angola , congo republic , uganda , tanzania , mozambique , e . zimbabwe . see [ maps ]
papilio junodi trimen , 1893 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1893 ( 2 ) : 138 ; tl : morakwen , delagoa bay
nigeria , e . congo republic ( coast ) , tanzania , n . malawi , mozambique . see [ maps ]
liberia , sierra leone , ghana , ivory coast , togo , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , congo republic , c . a . r , sudan , sw . ethiopia , s . somalia , uganda , kenya ( coast ) , tanzania , mozambique , e . zimbabwe - zululand , swaziland . see [ maps ]
papilio illyris hewitson , 1873 ; ent . mon . mag . 9 : 232 ; tl : gold coast
papilio illyris flavisparsus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; stettin ent . ztg 64 ( 2 ) : 359 ; tl : fernando po
papilio illyris girardeaui guilbot & plantrou , 1978 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 83 : 70 ; tl : empire centrafricain , bangui
papilio illyris hamatus joicey & talbot , 1918 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1917 : 271 ; tl : german east africa
congo republic ( kivu ) , rwanda , burundi , sw . uganda . see [ maps ]
natal , zululand , transvaal , moçambique , rhodesia , botswana , kenya , malawi , zambia , s . zaire ( shaba ) , tanzania . see [ maps ]
papilio porthaon hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 1 ] ( papilio vii - viii ) : [ 14 ] , pl . [ 7 ] , f . 21 - 22 ; tl : zambesi
larva on artabotrys monteiroae , annona , uvaria [ bk ] , friesodielsia obovata , cleistochlamys kirkii , monodora junodii , monanthotaxis caffra , uvaria caffra , u . kirkii [ afrl ]
kenya ( coast ) , tanzania , angola , malawi , zambia , mozambique - natal , zimbabwe , n . botswana , namibia
larva on annona senegalensis , sphedamnocarpus pruriens [ pbsa ] , uvaria [ bk ] , landolphia buchannani , l . ugandensis [ afrl ]
angola , s . congo republic , kenya ( coast ) , tanzania , malawi , zambia , mozambique , zimbabwe , n . botswana , n . namibia , transvaal , natal , swaziland , comoro is .
: kasaï , rivière mulundu , affluent de longatschimo , 85 km . de tshikapa
senegal , gambia , guinea - bissau , guinea , sierra leone , ivory coast , mali , burkina faso , ghana , togo , benin , niger , nigeria , sao tome and principe , cameroon , congo , c . a . r , n . congo republic ( ubangi , mongala , uele , ituri ) , chad , sudan , uganda , rwanda , burundi , ethiopia , w . kenya , tanzania
papilio endochus boisduval , 1836 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 1 : 243 ; tl : madagascar
natal , zululand , swaziland , transvaal , s . moçambique , se . zimbabwe , e . botswana . see [ maps ]
larva on uvaria caffra , artabotrys sp . [ pbsa ] , hexalobus monopetalus , artabotrys brachypetalus , a . monteiroae , annona senegalensis [ afrl ]
angola , congo republic ( shaba ) , tanzania , malawi , n . zambia . see [ maps ]
namibia , angola , s . congo republic , nw . zambia . see [ maps ]
papilio schaffgotschi niepelt , 1927 ; int . ent . zs . 21 : 53 ; tl :
deutsch sudw . africa
[ ? error ]
e . nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , angola , c . a . r , congo republic , chad , s . sudan , uganda , rwanda , burundi , w . tanzania , zambia . see [ maps ]
: sud kivu , rivière micozi , zône des mines m . g . l .
papilio leonidas fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 35 ; tl : africa
larva on popowia caffra [ pbsa ] , annona , monanthotaxis , uvaria [ bk ] , monanthotaxis caffra , annona senegalensis , landolphia ugandensis , l . buchannani , annickia chlorantha , friesodielsia obovata , uvaria leptocladen , u . caffra , u . kirkii , u . acuminata , artabotrys cinerea , a . brachypetalus [ afrl ]
papilio leonidas santa - marthae joicey & talbot , 1927 ; encycl . ent . ( b3 ) 2 ( 1 ) : 12 ; tl : st . principe , 1500 - 2000ft
papilio leonidas thomasius le cerf , 1924 ; bull . mus . nat . hist . nat . 30 ( 2 ) : 137 ; tl :
san thome
; [ bafr ] , 44 ; [ bafr ] , 45 f . ( zanzibar pop . )
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , angola , c . a . r , congo republic ( ituri forest , n . shaba ) , w . tanzania . see [ maps ]
nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , congo republic , angola , c . a . r , chad , w . uganda , tanzania
papilio philonoë ward , 1873 ; ent . mon . mag . 10 : 152 ; tl : kenya , ribé
larva on uvaria leptocladon , u . chamae , annona sp . [ afrl ]
s . sudan ( riverine forest ) , sw . ethiopia , n . uganda , nw . kenya
papilio philonoe whalleyi talbot , 1929 ; bull . hill mus . 3 : 72 ; tl : s . sudan , imatong mountains
guinea , sierra leone , mali , burkina faso , ivory coast , ghana , togo , benin , nigeria , cameroon , congo , c . a . r , congo republic ( ubangi , mongala ) . see [ maps ]
ivory coast , ghana , togo , benin , nigeria , cameroon , c . a . r , congo republic ( mongala , uele ) . see [ maps ]
e . cameroon , congo , c . a . r , congo republic ( mongala ) . see [ maps ]
papilio almansor honrath , 1884 ; berl . ent . z . 28 ( 1 ) : 210 ; tl : guinea , ashanti [ error , angola ? ]
angola , congo republic ( lualaba , lomami , kasai , sankuru , tanganika ) , n . zambia
papilio charcedonius [ sic ] birbiri ungemach , 1932 ; mém . soc . sci . nat . phys . maroc 32 : 21
papilio charchedonius karsch , 1895 ; ent . nachr . 21 ( 18 ) : 285 ; tl : bismarckburg , misahöhe
e . nigeria , cameroon , congo , c . a . r , congo republic ( mongala , uele ) , s . sudan , uganda
congo republic ( kivu ) , uganda , sw . kenya , nw . tanzania , rwanda ? , burundi ?
both sexes are mimics of amauris niavius or a . tartarea ( another mimic of those same species is hypolimnas dubius ) . [ bk ]
senegal , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , c . a . r , congo republic . see [ maps ]
papilio fulleri grose - smith , 1883 ; ent . mon . mag . 19 : 234 ; tl : camaroons
: cameroun , mont kala , 900 / 1150m , 20 km . w . de yaoundé
cameroon , congo , n . angola , congo republic ( except shaba ) , chad . see [ maps ]
n . angola , s . congo republic , nw . zambia . see [ maps ]
papilio poggianus honrath , 1884 ; berl . ent . z . 28 ( 1 ) : 210 ; tl : guinea [ error ]
papilio hachei dewitz , 1881 ; berl . ent . z . 25 : 286 ; tl : west afrika , quango
cameroon , congo , n . congo republic , e . congo republic , c . a . r
papilio aurivilliusi seeldrayers , 1896 ; ann . soc . ent . belge 40 : 499 ; tl : congo
papilio ucalegon hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 1 ] ( papilio vii - viii ) : [ 13 ] , pl . [ 7 ] , f . 19 ; tl : old calabar
w . nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , nw . angola , c . a . r , congo republic ( mayumbe )
lowland forest ( nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , congo republic , c . a . r ) . see [ maps ]
papilio ucalegon var . simoni aurivillius , 1899 ; k . svenska vetenskakad . handl . 31 ( 5 ) : 485 ; tl : congogebiet , bangala
sri lanka , malaysia , malabar , sikkim - assam , burma . see [ maps ]
papilio antiphates cramer , [ 1775 ] ; uitl . kapellen 1 ( 1 - 7 ) : 113 , pl . 72 , f . a , b ; tl : s . china
larva on desmos cochinchinensis , uvaria microcarpa [ mrs ] , annona lawii [ bmp ] , annona , desmos , goniothalamus , melodorum , miliusa , uvaria , xylopia , michelia vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 94
papilio antiphates javanicus eimer , 1889 ; artb . verwandtsch . schmett . ( 1 ) : 136 ; tl : java
= papilio antiphates ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 410
papilio antiphates itamputi ab . leucania jordan , 1909 ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 89 ; tl : ne . sumatra
papilio itamputi butler , 1885 ; in forbes , natur . wander east . archip . : 276 ; tl : lake ranau
pathysa ( pathysa ) antiphates itamputi ; [ bmp ] : 78 , pl . 6 , f . 12
papilio antiphates antiphanes fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 197 ( repl . papilio antiphates ceylonicus eimer , 1899 )
papilio antiphates antiphonus fruhstorfer , 1902 ; soc . ent . 16 ( 22 ) : 170 ; tl : nias
pathysa naira moore , [ 1903 ] ; lepidoptera indica 6 : 22 , pl . 475 , f . 1 , 1a ; tl : travancore , s . india
antiphates balius ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 90 ; tl : bali
papilio antiphates rhabdotus jordan , 1937 ; novit . zool . 40 : 321 , pl . 14 , f . 1 ; tl : sipora
papilio antiphates kalaoensis rothschild , 1896 ; novit . zool . 3 ( 2 ) : 92 ; tl : kalao i .
antiphates kurosawai ( igarashi , 1979 ) ( pathysa ) ; kodansha : 165 ; tl : s . sulawesi
peninsular india - s . bihar , madhya pradesh , saurashtra , lucknow , simla - sikkim , assam , burma , ceylon . see [ maps ]
papilio nomius f . pernomius moore , [ 1903 ] ; lepidoptera indica 6 : 29 , pl . 478 , f . 1 ; tl : sikkim
pathysa nomius hainana chou , 1994 ; : 751 , 173 , f . 6 ; tl : hainan
papilio aristeus parmatinus fruhstorfer , 1909 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 41 ) : 170 ; tl : waigiu
larva on miliusa brahei , m . traceyi , polyalthia nitidissima , mitrephora froggattii ? k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
papilio anticrates doubleday , 1846 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . 18 ( 121 ) : 371 ; tl : sylhet
papilio aristeus pedo fruhstorfer , 1909 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 41 ) : 170 ; tl : sumba
arisbe ( pathysa ) aristeus hermocrates ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 5 , f . 10 - 13
pathysa aristea hainanensis chou & gu , 1994 ; in chou , monographia rhopalocerum sinensium 1 - 2 : 751 , 173 , f . 3 ; tl : hainan , jianfengling
aru , waigeu , w . irian , new guinea , papua , n . queensland
= papilio aristeus parmatus ; rothschild , 1895 , novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 419
papilio paron godman & salvin , 1879 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1879 : 654 ; tl : new ireland
papilio aristeus bifax rothschild , 1898 ; novit . zool . 5 : 416 ; tl : obi
papilio aristeus aristinus fruhstorfer , 1902 ; dt . ent . z . iris 15 ( 1 ) : 163 ; tl : kalao
= arisbe euphrates euphrates ( c . & r . felder , 1862 ) ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5
arisbe ( pathysa ) euphrates euphrates ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 8 , f . 2 - 5
zebraica ( jordan , 1909 ) ( papilio ) ; in seitz , grossschm . erde 9 : 90
papilio antiphates domaranus fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 198 ; tl : domaran i .
arisbe ( pathysa ) euphrates domaranus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 9 , pl . 1 - 5
papilio ornatus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 414 ; tl : halmahera
arisbe ( pathysa ) euphrates boholensis ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 8 , f . 6 - 7
arisbe ( pathysa ) euphrates buhisanus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 8 , f . 8
papilio euphratoides eimer , 1889 ; artb . verwandtsch . schmett . ( 1 ) : 133 , pl . 2 , f . 4
arisbe ( pathysa ) euphratoides ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 9 , f . 6 - 8
papilio antiphates palawanicus eimer , 1889 ; artb . verwandtsch . schmett . ( 1 ) : 149 ( repl . ) ; tl : palawan
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor decolor ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 6 , f . 1 - 4
papilio antiphates euphrates ab . loc . atratus rothschild , 1895 ; novit . zool . 2 ( 3 ) : 414 ; tl : mindoro ; ? bohol
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor atratus ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 6 , f . 5 - 6
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor neozebraica ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 6 , f . 7 - 10
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor sibuyana ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 7 , f . 1 - 2
papilio antiphates f . tigris semper , 1892 ; reisen philipp . ( 7 ) : 284 , pl . 48 , f . 2 ; tl : se . mindanao
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor tigris ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 4 , pl . 7 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 8 , f . 1
arisbe decolor rebeccae page & treadaway , 2003 ; in bauer & frankenbach , butterflies of the world , suppl . 8 : ( 1 - 6 )
arisbe ( pathysa ) decolor rebeccae ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 7 , f . 5 - 6
arisbe decolor jamesi page & treadaway , 2003 ; in bauer & frankenbach , butterflies of the world , suppl . 8 : ( 1 - 6 )
aribes ( pathysa ) decolor jamesi ; page & treadaway , 2003 , butterflies of the world , 17 : 5 , pl . 7 , f . 7 - 8
? papilio androcles latilinea joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) : 323 ; tl : sula i .
papilio androcles cleomenes fruhstorfer , 1911 ; ent . rundschau 28 ( 23 ) : 178 ; tl : sula mangoli
papilio rhesus boisduval , 1836 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 1 : 253 ; tl :
bengal
[ error ]
papilio rhesus rhesulus fruhstorfer , 1902 ; dt . ent . z . iris 15 ( 1 ) : 164
papilio rhesus parvimacula joicey & talbot , 1922 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 2 ) : 322 ; tl : sula i .
papilio dorcus de haan , 1840 ; verh . nat . gesch . ned . overz . bez . ( zool . ) : 35
papilio agetes westwood , 1843 ; arcana entomologica , 2 : 23 , pl . 55 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl :
sylhet
1099x918 ( ~ 384kb ) upperside male cambodia , koh kong province , 25 . 5 km of ene koh kong , the ' capricornis ' forest rivulet near its junction with the sala munthun ( right tatai ) river . 29th november 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin
1155x826 ( ~ 337kb ) underside male cambodia , koh kong province , 25 . 5 km of ene koh kong , the ' capricornis ' forest rivulet near its junction with the sala munthun ( right tatai ) river . 29th november 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin
papilio agetes tenuilineatus fruhstorfer , 1901 ; soc . ent . 16 ( 12 ) : 89 ; tl : xomgom , s . annam