anacampsis lignaria is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1926 .

it is found in the russian far east .

the wingspan is 16-17 mm .

the forewings are greyish-ochreous , or light brownish slightly speckled ochreous-whitish and with the costal edge ochreous-whitish except towards the extremities .

the stigmata are cloudy and fuscous , the plical obliquely before the first discal , sometimes an additional spot midway between the plical and the base .

there are faint ochreous-whitish dots on the costa at three-fourths and the tornus opposite , and sometimes a hardly traceable curved line of ochreous-whitish speckling joining these .

the hindwings are grey .

anacampsis lignaria

compsolechia lignaria meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 292 ; tl : e . siberia , khaborowsk
anacampsis malella amsel , 1959 ; bull . soc . ent . egypt . 43 : 65
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anacampsis sacramenta keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 362
gelechia ( anacampsis ) tristrigella walsingham , 1882 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 10 : 181
anacampsis languens meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 142 ; tl : ecuador , duran
anacampsis aedificata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; tl : brazil , para
anacampsis diplodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 76 ; tl : brazil , parintins
anacampsis embrocha meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 192 ; tl : new hanover
anacampsis flexiloqua meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : peru , iquitos
anacampsis idiocentra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , santarem
anacampsis nonstrigella busck , 1906 ; can . ent . 38 ( 4 ) : 121 ; tl : oak station , pennsylvania
anacampsis parviocellatella bruand , 1850 ; mém . soc . doubs 3 ( 3 , livr . 5 - 6 ) : 40
anacampsis petrographa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 79 ; tl : brazil , obidos
anacampsis poliombra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : brazil , parintins
anacampsis cosmia meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 77 ; tl : natal , durban
anacampsis lapidella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , grenada
anacampsis quinquepunctella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 80 ; tl : west indies , grenada
anacampsis conistica walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , sonora
anacampsis lithodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas , iquitos
anacampsis lupinella busck , 1901 ; can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 14 ; tl : high park , toronto , canada
anacampsis perquisita meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , para , teffé
anacampsis insularis walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , st . thomas
anacampsis solemnella ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; [ nhm card ]
anacampsis capyrodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins , teffé
anacampsis rivalis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : s . india , shevaroys ; ceylon , kandy
anacampsis ursula walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , morelos , cuernavaca
anacampsis fragariella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 760 ; tl : pullman , washington
anacampsis argyrothamniella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231 ; tl : palm beach , florida
anacampsis primigenia meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : colombia , cali , 500ft ; ecuador , huigra , 4500ft
anacampsis cornifer walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 79 ; tl : west indies , st . croix ; st . thomas
anacampsis paltodoriella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 848 ; tl : mesilla park , new mexico
anacampsis triangularis braun , 1923 ; proc . calif . acad . sci . ( 4 ) 12 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : angeles bay , lower california
anacampsis considerata meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos , teffé ; peru , jurimaguas , iquitos
anacampsis phytomiella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 8 ; tl : alhajuela , cabima and porto bello , panama
anacampsis coverdalella kearfott , 1903 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 11 : 162 , pl . 9 , f . 13 ; tl : natchitoches parish , louisiana
anacampsis rhabdodes walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 36 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
anacampsis lagunculariella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 230 , pl . 1 , f . 6 ; tl : palm beach , florida
anacampsis primigenia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list )
anacampsis psoraliella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 226 , pl . 28 , f . 10 ; tl : iowa , sioux city
anacampsis meibomiella forbes , 1931 ; j . agric . porto rico 15 ( 4 ) : 376 , pl . 42 , f . 16 ; tl : puerto rico ,
e . e . a . de cuba
anacampsis populella ; [ nacl ] , # 2246 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31 ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 173 ; [ fe ]
anacampsis niveopulvella ; busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761 ; [ nacl ] , # 2243 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31
anacampsis ( anacampsini ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list ) ; [ fe ]
anacampsis quinquepunctella ; walsingham , 1910 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; meyrick , 1929 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
anacampsis lagunculariella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 78 ; busck , 1914 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 2240 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31
820x623 ( ~ 87kb ) russia , moscow area , 14 . 8 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov
the exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .
compsolechia anisogramma meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353 ; tl : china , shanghai
larva on argyrothamnia blodgettii busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231
untomia cenelpis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 77 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
chlorodecta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197
compsolechia comparanda meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 506 ; tl : arizona , palmerlee ; texas , alpine
crypticopa ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( gelechia ) ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 384
larva on fragaria busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761
= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 14 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30
lita fuscella eversmann , 1844 ; fauna lep . volgo - uralensis . . . : 581
tachyptilia hirsutella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 256 , pl . 10 , f . 17 ; tl : alpes - maritimes
homoplasta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197
gelechia ( tachyptilia ) innocuella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 249 ; tl : texas
agriastis inquieta meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 253 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
aproaerema kearfottella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 842 ; tl : new jersey
compsolechia lacteochrella [ = lacteusochrella ] meyrick , 1925 ; in wytsman , genera insectorum 184 : 123 ( emend . )
larva on laguncularia racemosa busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231
strobisia levipedella clemens , 1863 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 : 4
larva on lupinus perennis busck , 1901 , can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 15
maculatella ( lucas , 1956 ) ( tachyptilia ) ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 256
gelechia multinotata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 134 ; tl : british guiana , bartica , mallali
gelechia niveopulvella chambers , 1875 ; can . ent . 7 ( 11 ) : 210 ; tl : canada
agriastis nocturna meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 252 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
tachyptilia panormitella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 106
agriastis peloptila meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
gelechia pomaceella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 620 ; tl : ega
= ; park , 2001 , insecta koreana . 18 ( 1 ) : ( 87 - 90 )
larva on populus tremula , salix caprea , s . alba , s . spp .
agriastis prasina meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
larva on croton scouleri , exedeconus miersii landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 737
larva on prunus salicina park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121
gelechia subactella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 30 : 1026 ; tl : australia ?
larva on salix phylicifolia , s . caprea , s . lapponum , s . repens
gelechia tephriasella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 4 ) : 68 ; tl : kentucky
cathegesis tridentella walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 28 , pl . 1 , f . 24 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
tachyptila trifoliella constant , 1890 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1889 : cxxv
gelechia ( teleia ) viretella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 340 , pl . 4 , f . 110
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
expedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths
icones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )
the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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hilarographa soleana is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found on seram in indonesia .

the wingspan is about 17.5 mm .

the ground colour of the forewings is creamish , slightly mixed with orange in the form of lines extending from the dorsum .

the hindwings are brownish with a broad , dark brown apical third .

hilarographa soleana

soleana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 267 . tl : indonesia , seram , operation releigh . holotype : bmnh . male .
126 . ficus superba var . henneana 127 . ficus superba var henneana 128 . floceana 129 . floreana 130 . forteana 131 . francesco marino di teana 132 . fritillaria raddeana 133 . gaeana 134 . galbulimima belgraveana 135 . galeana 136 . galeandra stangeana 137 . galleria cereana 138 . geana 139 . gomphrena haageana 140 . grevillea guthrieana 141 . hakea maconochieana 142 . hakea macraeana 143 . hauya heydeana 144 . heleana 145 . heliconia burleana 146 . heliconia schiedeana 147 . helminthoglypta mohaveana 148 . hermenegildo galeana 149 . hernandia drakeana 150 . hilarographa soleana
dulciana meyrick , in wagner , 1913 ( hilarographa ) , lepid . cat . ( 13 ) : 24 . no type
bryonota meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 479 . tl : peru , jurimaguas . holotype : bmnh . male .
buruana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 270 . tl : buru , holotype : bmnh . male .
eriglypta meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 478 . tl : peru , jurimaguas . holotype : bmnh . male .
methystis meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 479 . tl : peru , jurimaguas . lectotype : bmnh . male .
thaliarcha meyrick , 1920 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 328 . tl : brazil , par . lectotype : bmnh . male .
euphronica meyrick , 1920 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 328 . tl : brazil , r trombetas . lectotype : bmnh . male .
iquitosana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 213 . tl : peru , iquitos . holotype : bmnh . male .
parambae razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 215 . tl : ecuador , paramba . holotype : bmnh . male .
plectanodes meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 480 . tl : peru , ro napo . lectotype : bmnh . male .
baliana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 265 . tl : malaysia , bali . holotype : bmnh . male .
charagnotorna razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 210 . tl : bolivia , cuatro ojos . holotype : bmnh . male .
perakana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 265 . tl : malaysia , perak . holotype : bmnh . female .
xanthotoxa meyrick , 1920 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 329 . tl : brazil , amazonas , teffe . holotype : bmnh . male .
belizeae razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 215 . tl : belize , upper raspacula valley . holotype : bmnh . male .
mariannae razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 212 . tl : brazil , parana , castro . holotype : bmnh . male .
temburonga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 272 . tl : brunei , ulu temburong . holotype : bmnh . male .
uluana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 275 . tl : brunei , ulu temburong . holotype : bmnh . male .
bellica meyrick , 1912 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 1 : 37 . tl : suriname , dutch guiana ( paramaribo ) . holotype : bmnh . male .
hainanica razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 269 . tl : china , hainan , porten . holotype : bmnh . male .
johnibradleyi razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 267 . tl : thailand , doi suthep pui . holotype : bmnh . male .
marangana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 269 . tl : sw . sumatra , marang . holotype : bmnh . male .
rampayoha razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 271 . tl : brunei , rampayoh r . . holotype : bmnh . male .
robinsoni razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 276 . tl : brunei , rampayoh r . . holotype : bmnh . female .
sipiroca razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 271 . tl : sumatra , utara , sipirok . holotype : bmnh . female .
ancilla razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 266 . tl : india , bombay , castle rock . holotype : bmnh . female .
calyx razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 276 . tl : formosa [ taiwan ] , kanshirei . holotype : bmnh . female .
obinana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 275 . tl : moluccas islands , obi major island . holotype : bmnh . female .
orthochrysa meyrick , 1932 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 274 . tl : brazil , santa catarina , neu - bremen . holotype : nhmv . female .
auroscripta razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 269 . tl : amboyna [ indonesia , maluku islands ] , holotype : bmnh . female .
khaoyai razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 275 . tl : thailand , khao yai nat . park . holotype : bmnh . male .
renonga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 274 . tl : siam , renong , low country forest . holotype : bmnh . male .
bosavina razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 270 . tl : papua new guinea , southern highlands , bosavi . holotype : bmnh . female .
celebesiana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 264 . tl : s . celebes ,
low country
. holotype : bmnh . male .
hexapeda meyrick , 1913 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 1 : 99 . tl : guyana , british guiana [ guyana ] ( bartica ) . lectotype : bmnh . female .
muluana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 273 . tl : sarawak , guanong , mulu nat . park . holotype : bmnh . male .
pahangana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 264 . tl : malaysia , west pahang , genting tea estate . holotype : bmnh . male .
gentinga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 267 . tl : malaysia , w . pahang , genting tea estate . holotype : bmnh . male .
tasekia razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 272 . tl : malaysia , perak , tasek , temenggor , sungei halong . holotype : bmnh . male .
fergussonana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 268 . tl : papua new guinea , d ' entrecasteaux islands , fergusson island . holotype : bmnh . male .
odontia razowski & wojtusiak , 2011 ( hilarographa ) , acta zool . cracov . 54b : 113 . tl : colombia , western cordillera , tambito forest res . . holotype : mzuj . male .
meekana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 266 . tl : papua new guinea , d ' entrecasteaux is . , fergusson island . holotype : bmnh . female .
castanea razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 157 . tl : ecuador , prov . pichincha , pacto , r ? o mashpi . holotype : mzuj . male .
uthaithani razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 272 . tl : w . thailand , uthai thani , huai kha khaeng , khao nang ram . holotype : bmnh . male .
shehkonga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 273 . tl : hong kong , kadoorie agric . research centre , shek kong n . t . . holotype : bmnh . male .
gunongana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 274 . tl : sarawak , gunong mulu national park , r . g . s . expedition base camp . holotype : bmnh . male .
abstract : a previous synonimization of thaumatographa walsingham , 1897 with hilarographa is confirmed . the systematic list of the old world species of hilarographini is provided ; embolostoma diakonoff , 1977 and nexosa diakonoff , 1977 are excluded from this tribe . thirty three species of hilarographa zeller , 1877 from the oriental and australian regions are examined of which twenty - nine are described as new : h . pahangana razowski , sp . n . , h . celebesiana razowski , sp . n . , h . baliana razowski sp . n . , h . perakana razowski , sp . n . , h . ancilla razowski sp . n . , h . meekana razowski , sp . n . , h . soleana razowski , sp . n . , h . gentinga razowski , sp . n . , h . johibradleyi razowski , sp . n . , h . fergussonana razowski , sp . n . , h . auroscripta razowski , sp . n . , h . hainanica razowski , sp . n . , h . marangana razowski , sp . n . , h . buruana razowski , sp . n . , h . bosavina razowski , sp . n . , h . sipiroca razowski , sp . n . , h . rampayoha razowski sp . n . , h . uthaithani razowski , sp . n . , h . tasekia razowski , sp . n . , h . emburonga razowski , sp . n . , h . muluana razowski , sp . n . , h . shehkonga razowski , sp . n . , h . gunongana razowski , sp . n . , h . renonga razowski , sp . n . , h . khaoyai razowski sp . n . , h . uluana razowski , sp . n . , h . obinana razowski , sp . n . , h . robinsoni razowski , sp . n . , h . calyx razowski , sp . n . nine new combinations are proposed ( see the list of taxa ) .
pyranthis meyrick , 1907 ( hilarographa ) , proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 32 : 91 . tl : new guinea . new guinea ( st . aignan island ) . holotype : unknown . unknown .
sepidmarginata razowski & wojtusiak , 2011 ( hilarographa ) , acta zool . cracov . 54b : 112 . tl : colombia , cauca department , western cordillera , pasto - tumaco rd . , cerro cuesbi forest res . , nambi . holotype : mzuj . female .
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bathychtra razowski & pelz , 2005 ( heppnerographa ) , entomol . zeit . 115 : 170 . tl : ecuador , tungurahua province , 20 km e baos , san francisco . holotype : smfl . male .
cladara diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 33 . tl : indonesia , east borneo , balikpapan , mentavir river . holotype : ncb . female .
crocochorista diakonoff , 1983 ( thaumatographa ) , proc . konin . neder . akad . weten . ( c ) 86 ( 4 ) : 479 . tl : indonesia , east java , tengger range , nongkodjadjar , mt . toenggangan . holotype : ncb . male .
cymatodes diakonoff , 1983 ( thaumatographa ) , proc . konin . neder . akad . weten . ( c ) 86 ( 4 ) : 482 . tl : indonesia , lesser sunda islands ( sumba island , mao marroe ) . holotype : ncb . female .
dolichosticha diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 32 . tl : indonesia , east java , tengger range , nongkodjadjar . holotype : ncb . female .
dulcisana walker , 1863 ( gauris ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 415 . tl : brazil , amazonas , ega . holotype : bmnh . male .
excellens pagenstecher , 1900 ( thaumatographa ) , zoologica 29 : 230 tl : papua new guinea , syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .
grapholithana razowski & pelz , 2005 ( heppnerographa ) , entomol . zeit . 115 : 170 . tl : ecuador , morona - santiago province , macas , proano - inapula , crea - domono . holotype : smfl . male .
macaria diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 46 . tl : indonesia , west java , gede - panggrango mountains , tjibodas . holotype : ncb . female .
mesostigmatis diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 42 . tl : taiwan , rantasian . holotype : usnm . male .
oenobapta diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 28 . tl : indonesia , west java , buitenzorg . holotype : ncb . male .
phlox diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 40 . tl : indonesia , southeast java , mt . smeroe , ranoe daroengan . holotype : ncb . female .
plurimana walker , 1863 ( gauris ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 416 . tl : brazil , amazonas , ega . holotype : bmnh . female .
quinquestrigana walker , 1866 ( carpocapsa ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 35 : 1796 . tl : brazil , so paulo . holotype : bmnh . male .
firmana felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ( carpocapsa ) , reise st . fregatte novara ( zool . ) ( 2 ) 5 : pl . 138 , fig . 10 . tl : brazil . amazonas . holotype : bmnh . female .
refluxana walker , 1863 ( gauris ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 416 . tl : brazil , rio de janeiro . holotype : bmnh . female .
ribbei zeller , 1877 ( setiostoma ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 189 . tl : panama , chiriqui . holotype : bmnh . female .
swederiana stoll , in cramer , 1791 ( phalaena ( tortrix ) ) , papillons exotiques s ( suppl . ) : 75 . tl : surinam , holotype : unknown . unknown .
trabaena felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ( grapholitha ) , reise st . fregatte novara ( zool . ) ( 2 ) 5 : pl . 138 , fig . 9 . tl : brazil . amazonas . holotype : bmnh . unknown . [ lost ]
tornoxena diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 50 . tl : indonesia , west java , mt . ged panggrango , tjibodas . holotype : ncb . male .
undosa diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 45 . tl : new guinea , northwest new guinea ( sorong ) . holotype : ncb . female .
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source : shilap revista de lepidopterologia . sep2009 , vol . 37 issue 147 , p261 - 287 . 27p . 68 color photographs .
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the grey-headed parakeet ( psittacula finschii ) is closely related to the slaty-headed parakeet which together form a super-species .

it occurs from the north-eastern states of india , into burma , thailand , cambodia , laos and vietnam .

the binomial of this bird commemorates the german naturalist and explorer otto finsch .

grey - headed parakeet

select an image : 1 . grey - headed parakeet 2 . grey - headed parakeet 3 . grey - headed parakeet > > male 4 . grey - headed parakeet > > immature 5 . grey - headed parakeet > > adult male 6 . grey - headed parakeet > > immature 7 . grey - headed parakeet > > male 8 . grey - headed parakeet > > juvenile 9 . grey - headed parakeet > > juvenile 10 . grey - headed parakeet > > male 11 . grey - headed parakeet > > female 12 . grey - headed parakeet > > male 13 . grey - headed parakeet 14 . grey - headed parakeet > > adult male 15 . grey - headed parakeet > > adult 16 . grey - headed parakeet > > adult male 17 . grey - headed parakeet > > adult male 18 . grey - headed parakeet > > adult male 19 . grey - headed parakeet > > adult male 20 . grey - headed parakeet > > adult female 21 . grey - headed parakeet > > female
this entry was posted in archive , asia , parrots and tagged alexandrine parakeet , blossom - headed parakeet , grey - headed parakeet . bookmark the permalink .
archived 2012 - 2013 topics : blossom - headed parakeet ( psittacula roseata ) , alexandrine parakeet ( psittacula eupatria ) and grey - headed parakeet ( psittacula finschii ) : request for information .
24 responses to archived 2012 - 2013 topics : blossom - headed parakeet ( psittacula roseata ) , alexandrine parakeet ( psittacula eupatria ) and grey - headed parakeet ( psittacula finschii ) : request for information .
archived 2012 - 2013 topics : blossom - headed parakeet ( psittacula roseata ) , alexandrine parakeet ( psittacula eupatria ) and grey - headed parakeet ( psittacula finschii ) : request for information . | birdlife ' s globally threatened bird forums
grey - headed lovebirds prefer finch and canary seed over the sunflower / safflower mixes that most other lovebirds eat .
the grey - headed parakeet inhabits montane forest , open mixed deciduous forest , evergreen and semi - evergreen forests and farmlands and cultivated areas with several trees .
note : the psittacula finschi , formerly listed as a sub - species of the slaty headed parrot , is now listed as a separate species . the common name is the
grey headed parrot / parakeet
.
the diet of the grey - headed parakeet consists mainly of nuts , seeds , grains , grass , shoots , buds , flowers , berries , fruits and legumes .
grey - headed parakeet ( psittacula finschii ) is a very rare resident and was believed to be extirpated from bangladesh . the only recent sighting is from chittagong hill tracts .
the breeding season of these grey - headed parakeet species is from january to march in myanmar . they nest in tree hollows . the clutch usually contains 4 - 5 eggs .
fledgling slaty headed and fledgling plum headed parrots are almost identical so only purchase young birds from a reputable breeder or reputable bird dealer .
description of adults : bit bigger than the plum headed parrot . compare above close up photo of
slaty
with close up photo of plum headed parrot on
plum headed parrot
web page .
sub species in country / area of origin : 1 ( the psittacula finschi , formerly listed as a sub - species of the slaty headed parrot , is now listed as a separate species . the common name is the
grey headed parrot / parakeet
. )
these parakeet species are altitudinal migrant birds . post breeding dispersal of juveniles takes place . they may make local movements for feeding and breeding . these grey - headed parakeet species have been found to descent to lower altitudes from the upland forests during winter .
the global population size of the grey - headed parakeet ( psittacula finschii ) has not been quantified . the overall population size is considered to be on a sharp decline . their generation length is 7 . 5 years . these species have large range and population . the grey - headed parakeet is being widely captured for pet trade . in china and cambodia , the trapping pressure is contributing to the decline in the population .
“alexandrine parakeet psittacula eupatria ( birdlife species factsheet ) and grey - headed parakeet psittacula finschii ( birdlife species factsheet ) occupy a similar range to this species and are also suspected to be in decline at an unknown rate owing to habitat destruction and unsustainable levels of exploitation . ”
the grey - headed parakeet species are distributed in eastern india , bhutan , south - western china , thailand , cambodia , laos , vietnam , myanmar and bangladesh . they are very rare in bangladesh . in india , the grey - headed parakeets occur in the states of assam , meghalaya , manipur , tripura , mizoram and arunachal pradesh . in china , they occur in yunnan province .
species : scientific : psittacula finschii aka psittacula himalayana finschii . . . english : grey - headed parakeet , finsch ' s parakeet . . . dutch : finsch ' parkiet . . . german : finsch edelsittich , burma schwarzkopfedelsittich . . . french : perruche à tête gris de finsch
species : scientific : psittacula himalayana aka psittacula himalayana himalayana . . . english : slaty - headed parakeet , black - headed parakeet . . . dutch : grijskopparkiet . . . german : schwarzkopfedelsittich , himalayasittich . . . french : perruche à tête gris | cites ii - endangered species
the grey - headed parrot is relatively common in one nature reserve in xishuangbanna , southwest of china . i once sighted more than 10 individuals in one trip . but the poaching and illegal trade is also going on , within one village , every family has one grey - headed parrot as pet , and some claim a price of $ 80 for one individual .
and only the adult male has grey on its upper body . they are native on the island of
blossom - headed parakeet is widely distributed in gujarat and occurs in good numbers all around the state . the species also is observed utilizing wide variety of habitats and seems much adaptive to local changes in habitat as compared to alexandrine parakeet .
butler , christopher j . 2003 . population biology of the introduced rose - ringed parakeet psittacula krameri in the uk . university of oxford . department of zoology . edward grey institue of field ornithology . urltoken
slaty - headed parakeets make excellent pets for owners who understand and meet their needs . some may learn to talk .
the important bird and biodiversity areas ( iba ) of grey - headed parakeet in cambodia are keo sema and mondulkiri - kratie lowlands . the ibas in laos are nakai - nam theun , nakai plateau , eastern bolikhamxay mountains , upper xe bangfai , xe khampho / xe pian , phou xiang thong , attapu plain and hin namno .
temperament : usually good parents . best housed one pair per aviary . not to be housed with the plum headed parrot or blossom headed parrot as they may hybridize . apart from during the moult , they maintain good feather condition and present well .
green - grey parrot , with body about 30cm long , weight around 100g for males and often 10 - 20 % smaller for females .
the monk parakeet is not a prohibited or restricted invasive animal under the biosecurity act 2014 .
the following detail my observation of alexandrine parakeet from bhutan , assam , burma and cambodia .
collar , n . 2017 . grey - headed parakeet ( psittacula finschii ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( ed . ) , handbook of the birds of the world alive , lynx edicions , barcelona . retrieved from urltoken on 15 february 2017 .
agree that there is concern about the status of these species . grey - headed parakeet has a patchy distribution absent from apparently similar habitats between areas of the northern plains of cambodia . habitat loss is ongoing and will have a devastating effect on these and other species reliant on deciduous dipterocarp forest in the next decade , although the effects may be not be apparent for a few years .
the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) is an accepted subspecies of the red - crowned parakeet ( cyanoramphus novaezelandiae ) ( del hoyo et al . 1997 ; higgins 1999 ) .
the habitat loss due to deforestation and logging is threatening the survival of these species . the iucn ( international union for conservation of nature ) has categorized and evaluated the grey - headed parakeet ( psittacula finschii ) and has listed it as
near threatened
. the cites ( the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora ) has listed these parakeets in appendix ii .
the grey - headed lovebird ( agapornis canus ) is native to madagascar , but has been introduced to the comoro islands , réunion , rodrigues , and the seychelles . these birds are generally encountered in flocks of 5 to 30 or more individuals , in flight or feeding ( mainly on grass seeds ) on the ground . they are generally common in madagascar ( at least in more open country in coastal regions ) and in the comoros , but are present in only small numbers in réunion and rodrigues and have a limited distribution in the seychelles . there are many grey - headed lovebirds in captivity as well .
terauds , a . , r . gales , g . b . baker & r . alderman ( 2006 ) . foraging areas of black - browed and grey - headed albatrosses breeding on macquarie island in relation to marine protected areas . aquatic conservation : marine and freshwater ecosystems . 16 : 133 - 146 .
disturbance by humans and feral pigs and deer , and competition with more plentiful bird species including the introduced rose - ringed parakeet ; the mauritius parakeet seemed doomed to extinction . but with the team of
grey - headed lovebirds are strong fliers , and when open , their wings seem larger in relation to their bodies than those of the peach - faced lovebird . they can develop good speed quite quickly and effortlessly , and turn smoothly , though they are not as nimble in the air as the peach - faced lovebirds .
the natural range of the slaty - headed parakeet ( psittacula himalayana ) extends from the foothills of western himalayas to arunachal pradesh ( eastern afghanistan to vietnam ) . they migrate down to the valleys for the winters , usually during the last week of october .
conversely alexandrine parakeet is the rarest parrot in the mondulkiri landscape and appears very scarce and sparsely distributed within the lowland ddf . blosom - headed is also local ( perhaps more associated with denser evergreen forest types ) and not a species i encounter particularly frequently .
the original ( natural ) slaty - headed parakeet has a mostly green plumage . the head , however , is dark grey with a slight bluish hue , there are black stripes to the cheeks and a narrow band to nape , with an adjoining bluish - green band . there is a dark red patch to the wing - coverts . the under wing - coverts are greenish - blue . the middle tail - feathers are blue with a green base and yellow tips . the upper beak is red with a yellow tip . the lower beak is yellowish . the irises are whitish and the feet grey .
collar , n . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . grey - headed parakeet ( psittacula finschii ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
a person must not release into the wild a monk parakeet that has been bred or kept in captivity .
we regularly observe alexandrine parakeet ( psittacula eupatria ) in hazaribag district and also in other part of jharkhand .
birdlife international ( 2007b ) : mauritius parakeet - birdlife species factsheet . retrieved 2007 - aug - 28 .
blossom - headed parakeet ( psittacula roseata ) is a rare resident , scarcely occurs in the hills forests of ne and se bangladesh . c . 20 individuals were recorded in the northern fringe of the sundarbans , bangladesh in october 2009 , which is the only record from that area .
) , and the similarity of their diet to the monk parakeet also make them a potential agricultural threat . (
red - crowned parakeet , pyrrhura ( picta ) roseifrons . ( not to be confused with cyanoramphus novaezelandiae ) .
) , also known as finsch’s parakeet , belongs to the family , psittaculidae . these parakeet species are distributed in eastern india , bhutan , south - western china , thailand , cambodia , laos , vietnam , myanmar and bangladesh .
during our regular visit and survey to hazaribag wildlife sanctuary , hazaribag , jharkhand , india between 2009 - 2013 , we have observed blossom - headed parakeet ( psittacula roseata ) only five to six times in maximum 5 in number and on few occasion in palamu tiger reserve , jharkhand , india .
the monk parakeet is recognised as a
domestic bird
under the nature conservation ( wildlife management ) regulation 2006 .
cyanoramphus novaezelandiae erythrotis ( red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) , macquarie island parakeet ) : species management profile for tasmania ' s threatened species link ( threatened species section ( tss ) , 2014um ) [ state action plan ] .
there are six accepted subspecies of the red - crowned parakeet , two of which are extinct . the only subspecies that occurred in australia are the extinct red - crowned parakeet ( lord howe island ) ( cyanoramphus novazelandiae subflavescens ) and the extinct red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) ( garnett & crowley 2000 ; hindwood 1940 ; taylor 1985 ) .
5 feb . 2006 , cambodia : “seen in much lower numbers than the above ( alexandrine parakeet ) around tmatboey . ”
grey - headed lovebirds were first imported for european aviculture in the second half of the nineteenth century . when imports were permitted and they were available to aviculture in large numbers , little effort was put into breeding . they prefer to breed in the autumn , and because they have poor tolerance for cold weather breeding in aviculture is generally unsuccessful . they tend to be nervous and easily frightened in an aviary .
is mainly green but has a distinctive yellow wing patch that is especially visble during flight . it is smaller than the monk parakeet
which are morphologically dissimilar and apparently very closely related among each other , though not to the mauritius parakeet or its immediate relatives .
the hen is usually the dominant bird . generally start breeding at about 3 years of age . new pairs should be introduced to each other several months prior to the start of the breeding season so the birds have plenty of time to establish a strong bond between each other . a good pair bond will usually result in better breeding results . the slaty headed parrot will hybridize with the plum headed parrot .
red - crowned parakeet subspecies from norfolk island and new caledonia are now described as a separate species ( i . e . the norfolk island green parrot ( c . cooki ) and the new caledonian parakeet ( cayanoramphus saisetti ) ) ( boon et al . 2001 ) .
campbell , t . s . 2000 . the monk parakeet , myiopsitta monachus . institute for biological invasions . invader of the month . urltoken
the slaty - headed parakeet averages 15 . 5 - 16 inches ( ~ 40 cm ) in length , with the tail being ~ 6 to 7 inches ( ~ 158 to 178 mm ) long . slatyheads are bigger than plumheads . the hens are slightly smaller than the cock , the body approximately the same size as that of an eastern rosella .
myiopsitta monachus ( monk parakeet ) ; adult , feeding in black olive tree ( bucida buceras ) . palm beach county , florida , usa .
23 feb . 2012 , cambodia : “many of this gorgeous parakeet were seen around tmatboey with as many as circa 40 on one day . ”
mancini , j . r . parakeet . hoboken , n . j . : howell book house / wiley pub . , 2006 . isbn 0764599194
the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) inhabited coastal tussock grasslands on subantarctic macquarie island ( forshaw & cooper 1981 ; taylor 1979 ) .
also gro katover to distinguish it from the rose - ringed parakeet . the name is mauritian creole , from french ( gros ) cateau vert .
early detection is essential for preventing pest establishment . if you have seen a monk parakeet in the wild please contact biosecurity queensland on 13 25 23 .
alexandrine parakeet is very common in kangra valley of himachal pradesh , india and there are several nests of this bird near my working place and home .
alexandrine parakeet occupies a much larger range which covers most of the indian subcontinent where p . roseata is absent ( replaced by p . cyanocephala ) .
: the adult female is entirely green , with a dark green back and wings , a bright green rump , and a paler green chest ; the adult male are similarly colored , except that their entire head and upper chest are a pale grey .
has a yellow face and throat and is a significantly smaller bird , approximately half as long as the monk parakeet . budgerigars are native to central australia . (
the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) would have been quite distinctive as it was the only parrot which occurred on macquarie island ( taylor 1979 ) .
taylor , r . h . ( 1979 ) . how the macquarie island parakeet became extinct . new zealand journal of ecology . 2 : 42 - 45 .
there are no records of the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) cross - breeding with other species in the wild . populations of other subspecies on the chatham and auckland islands occasionally hybridise with the closely - related yellow - crowned parakeet ( cyanoramphus auriceps ) ( flack 1976 ; nixon 1994 ; taylor 1975 , 1985 ) .
as a point of clarification i would not associate any of the three species with ‘evergreen forest’ , ‘semi - evergreen forest’ or other dense ‘non - deciduous’ forest types , and have not recorded any of the species from within the interior of large blocks of such habitat . the highest densities that i’ve found have all been in areas dominated by deciduous forest , principally deciduous dipterocarp and [ contentiously named ] mixed deciduous forest . outside of the lowlands grey - headed also extensively uses anthropogenically derived ‘open - country’ habitats ( often including pines and ddf like vegetation ) .
( monk parakeet ) eggs hatched asynchronously after 24 days . the hatch rate was just over 50 % . the hatchlings are covered with yellow down and are fed by the parents
i have noticed alexandrine parakeet in abundance on the outskirts of dharamshala in kangra valley , himachal pradesh , india during winters where it is known to be resident throughout the year .
the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) was endemic to macquarie island , in the southern ocean ( higgins 1999 ) . it was last recorded in 1890 ( taylor 1979 ) . there are no current captive populations of this subspecies and none have been reintroduced into the wild . other red - crowned parakeet subspecies are kept in captivity ( higgins 1999 ) .
little is known of the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) diet , but they are said to have fed on crustaceans and other small invertebrates ( oliver 1955 ; taylor 1979 ) .
there is nothing known of the home ranges or territories of the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) . in some subspecies of the red - crowned parakeet , pairs establish breeding territories which are centred around the roosting sites and nest sites , and are defended before and during the breeding season , though territorial behaviour has not been recorded in all subspecies ( greene 1990 ; taylor 1985 ) .
in some areas , the clearance of the vegetation may not be complete , and may only refer to the removal of the shrubs of the understorey , or even fallen timber . such habitats are uninhabitable for many woodland species , such as the grey - crowned babbler and hooded robin , both of which are threatened by these processes in southern australia .
to put the decline in parakeets into perspective , deignan ( 1945 ) reported that he saw a single flock of our most widespread parakeet , red - breasted parakeet , p . alexandri , that numbered at least 10 , 000 birds in fang district of chiang mai in 1936 . it would be unusual for me to see more than 50 together , even in the best and least disturbed forest sites in the present era
munoz , antonio - roman ; real , raimundo . , 2006 . assessing the potential range expansion of the exotic monk parakeet in spain diversity & distributions . 12 ( 6 ) . nov 2006 . 656 - 665 .
kibbe , d . p . , and n . j . cutright . 1973 . the monk parakeet in new york . wildlife damage management , internet center for bird control seminars proceedings . university of nebraska , lincoln . urltoken
assam , india during feb . – mar . 2001 : i failed to find alexandrine parakeet anywhere east of kaziranga national park . the following is a detailed diary of the areas i explored in far eastern assam and arunachal pradesh
the carolina parakeet was the only parrot species native to the eastern united states . the last wild specimen was killed in okeechobee county in florida in 1904 , and the last captive bird died at the cincinnati zoo in 1918 . this was the male specimen
incas ,
who died within a year of his mate
lady jane .
it was not until 1939 , however , that it was determined that the carolina parakeet had ceased to be .
. the females lack the neck collar , and notably possess an all - black beak , unlike the males which have a red upper beak . the latter feature is notably absent in the rose - ringed parakeet as well as the
avery , michael l ; yoder , christi a . ; tillman , eric a . , 2008 . diazacon inhibits reproduction in invasive monk parakeet populations journal of wildlife management . 72 ( 6 ) . aug 2008 . 1449 - 1452 .
17 march 2011 , vietnam : “good views of a male with large numbers of red - breasted parakeet at dusk along the cat tien np side of the dong nai river . this species is rarely recorded on tour in vietnam . ”
the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) was terrestrial ( forshaw & cooper 1981 ) and is said to have foraged on the seashore , taking invertebrates from piles of beach - cast seaweed ( oliver 1955 ; taylor 1979 ) .
during a trip to kaziranga np , assam ( 19 – 25 march 1999 ) i recorded six in the tea estate adjoining the np and then unknown numbers on two subsequent days . during trips to kaziranga np , assam ( 17 - 21 march 1995 and 15 - 19 march 1994 and 21 - 26 february 1989 ) zero blossom - headed parakeets were recorded .
the main threat to the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) was predation by feral cats ( felis catus ) , whose numbers increased dramatically following the introduction and population explosion of rabbits ( oryctolagus cuniculus ) ( taylor 1979 ) . large numbers of red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) were also killed for food by sealers in the 19th century . predation by rats ( rattus rattus ) was also a problem ( forshaw & cooper 1981 ; oliver 1955 ; taylor 1975 ) .
hyman j , & s . pruett - jones . 1995 . natural history of the monk parakeet in hyde park , chicago . wilson bulletin [ willson bull . ] vol . 107 , no . 3 , pp . 510 - 517 . urltoken
boon , w . m . , c . h . daugherty & g . k . chambers ( 2001 ) . the norfolk island green parrot and new caledonian red - crowned parakeet are distinct species . emu . 101 : 113 - 121 .
oritz - catedral , l . & d . h . brunton ( 2008 ) . clutch parameters and reproductive success of a translocated population of red - crowned parakeet ( cyanoramphus novaezelandiae ) . australian journal of zoology . 56 : 389 - 393 .
the young are often left with the parent birds for a month or more and this will generally not cause any problems as the slaty headed parrot usually only has a single clutch per year . the young birds will probably keep learning from the parent birds and benefit from the knowledge they learn . if aggression is observed the effected bird or birds should be immediately removed to another aviary .
20 – 24 feb . 2012 : notably common with as many as 60 around angkor including many that provide superb views of this impressive parakeet . a further ten were observed at tmatboey . note : according to fred goes my angkor observation is exceptional .
i’ve regularly observed nesting alexandrine parakeets in south mumbai , india in my childhood . they were not as common as rose - ringed parakeets , but were common nonetheless . in 2008 , the situation was not noticeably different . i still heard and saw them regularly even in urban areas . i don’t know if the population was introduced originally , but they’ve been there for over 20 years . if the number of photos online is any indication , they’re still doing ok . i also heard several on the andamans in 2012 , where they were the scarcest parakeet ( after p . alexandri and p . longicauda ) . my only sightings of p . roseata were in kaziranga , where it is far less common than the abundant p . alexandri . i think many of the comments above from gujarat , jharkhand etc . refer to p . cyanocephala , which is still often called the blossom - headed parakeet .
both adults yellow / green in general ; dark grey head ; black chin and wide stripe across lower cheeks , continuing as thin line around hindneck ; inner median wing coverts has small purple / red patch , nearly always missing in female ; central tail feathers long ( shorter in female ) ; upper tail purple / blue and widely tipped with yellow / white . red upper mandible , pale yellow lower . eye pale yellow .
the parakeet species inhabit evergreen and semi - evergreen forests , oak , teak , cedar and pine forests , wooded hillsides , deciduous hill forests , partly cultivated farmlands and plantations . it occurs in elevations of up to 2 , 700 meters in montane forests .
peris , s . t . & r . m . aramburu . 1995 . reproductive phenology and breeding success of monk parakeet myiopsitta monachus in argentina . studies on neotropical fauna and environment vol . 30 , no . 2 , pp . 115 - 119 .
monk parakeet is not a prohibited or restricted invasive animal under the biosecurity act 2014 . however , by law , everyone has a general biosecurity obligation ( gbo ) to take reasonable and practical steps to minimise the risks associated with invasive plants and animals under their control .
buhrman - deever , susannah c ; rappaport , amy r . ; bradbury , jack w . , 2007 . geographic variation in contact calls of feral north american populations of the monk parakeet . condor . 109 ( 2 ) . may 2007 . 389 - 398 .
russello , michael a . ; avery , michael l . ; wright , timothy f . , 2008 . genetic evidence links invasive monk parakeet populations in the united states to the international pet trade bmc evolutionary biology . 8 jul 24 2008 . article no . : 217
snyder , n . f . r . and k . russell . carolina parakeet ( conuropsis carolinensis ) . in a . poole and f . gill , eds . , the birds of north america . philadelphia , pa : the birds of north america , 2002 .
myiopsitta monachus ( monk parakeet ) is a cites - listed species . please follow this link cites - myiopsitta monachus for more details . roughly 5 , 000 species of animals and 28 , 000 species of plants are protected by cites against over - exploitation through international trade .
there have not been any comprehensive surveys for the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) . there have , however , been a number of ornithological surveys on macquarie island since the subspecies became extinct ( e . g . mackenzie 1968 ; terauds et al . 2006 ) .
alexandrine parakeet ( psittacula eupatria ) is threatened in pakistan because of illegal cage bird trade and destruction of nesting site , i consider this parakeet as nationally critically endangered in pakistan but more research and survey are needed to confirm what’s the status of this bird in the country , as far the global status is considered definitely the bird must be evaluated based on trends from south and south east asia . i presume it has declined in thailand and other south east asia and that’s why this bird must be listed as vulnerable or near - threatened under the iucn criteria .
most populations of the red - crowned parakeet have declined since the 19th century ( forshaw & cooper 1981 ; higgins 1999 ; oliver 1955 ) , although most are currently stable and the species , as a whole , is not considered threatened ( del hoyo et al . 1997 ) .
native to south america , the monk parakeet is a popular cage bird around the world . it has escaped captivity and established feral populations in numerous countries . it is a significant pest in florida , usa , where its large , communal nests cause millions of dollars of damage to electricity infrastructure .
spreyer , m . f . , and e . h . bucher . 1998 . monk parakeet myiopsitta monachus . the birds of north america , no . 322 ( a . poole and f . gill , eds . ) . the birds of north america , inc . , philadelphia , pa . urltoken
two small breeding populations of the alexandrine parakeet ( psittacula eupatria ) were known to occur in north bengal , however recent searches have failed to find them . recent records in bangladesh are all from dhaka city , presumably escapes . sightings of some juveniles indicate that these escapes are possibly also breeding in dhaka city .
alexandrine parakeet ( psittacula eupatria ) was a abundant species in dry - deciduous forests of gujarat , especially eastern gujarat and gir forests ( india ) . however , the sightings of these species are have lowered due to extensive poaching by local tribes and the species surely is suffering population decline in gujarat ( india ) .
a translocation program may be suitable for the reintroduction of the red - crowned parakeet ( or norfolk island green parrot ) to macquarie island . although unsuccessful translocation programs have been trialed for the norfolk island green parrot ( garnett & crowley 2000 ; hermes et al . 1986 ) , similar programs have been successful for the red - crowned parakeet in new zealand . these programs have been successful with as few as 15 birds , but programs with less than 150 birds cause genetic bottlenecks . low hatchling success in the new zealand program may be the result of inbreeding depression or poor nest box design ( oritz - catedral & brunton 2008 ) .
russello , m . a ; saranathan , v . ; buhrman - deever , s . ; eberhard , j . ; caccone , a . , 2007 . characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the invasive monk parakeet ( myiopsitta monachus ) molecular ecology notes . 7 ( 6 ) . nov 2007 . 990 - 992 .
though the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) population is said to have been common ( forshaw & cooper 2002 ; oliver 1955 ; taylor 1979 ) , no extreme fluctuations in population numbers were reported . in other subspecies however , fluctuations in population numbers have been reported ( del hoyo et al . 1997 ) .
its scientific name change from psittacula echo had recently found widespread approval . a wealth of circumstantial evidence nowadays suggests that the hypothesized réunion parakeet ( described earlier as psittacula eques , based on a painting and hearsay reports ) did indeed exist . the réunion birds were the closest relatives , and presumably conspecific , with the mauritius ones .
the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) was formerly considered common ( forshaw & cooper 2002 ; oliver 1955 ; taylor 1979 ) . it occurred as a single population on macquarie island , but has not been seen since 1890 ( taylor 1979 ) . it is unknown if the subspecies occurred as solitary birds or in flocks .
from a species perspective , the red - crowned parakeet occurs as several small populations on islands in the south - west pacific ocean and the southern ocean , mainly centred on new zealand and the outlying islands of the kermadec , chatham , auckland and antipodes ( forshaw & cooper 1981 ; higgins 1999 ; oliver 1955 ; taylor 1975 , 1985 ; triggs & daugherty 1996 ) .
there is no information regarding the detectability of the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) . other subspecies are quiet and unobtrusive and extremely difficult to detect , as their green plumage is well camouflaged among the foliage . they are usually located by the noise of their foraging activities and occasional calls . once detected they are tame and easily approached ( forshaw & cooper 1981 ; higgins 1999 ) .
parakeets add to the human wonder of nature , with their various colors , behaviors , sounds , and , for some species , ability to mimic human speech . yet , human activities have not always been so beneficial for parakeets . the carolina parakeet was the only parrot species native to the eastern united states , but became extinct in the early twentieth century due to a loss of habitat and overhunting .
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the ring - necked parakeet , a native of india , is 16 inches long , thus larger than the monk . it is bright green , with a very long blue - green tail , and a large bright red bill . the male has a black throat and a conspicous black ring around its neck . the underwing coverts are yellow .
they mainly feed on fruits and grains in their native habitat (
parakeet is the common term for the members of more than 100 species of small , slender parrots scattered over more than a dozen genera in the subfamily psittacinae of the family psittacidae . parakeets ( or parrakeets ) typically are characterized by a long , tapering tail , are seed - eating , and form flocks . many species , such as the budgerigar ( melopsittacus undulatus ) , are popular as pets and kept in cages .
nothing is known of the sexual maturity , life expectancy and natural mortality of the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) . age of sexual maturity in populations of other subspecies is also unknown ( higgins 1999 ) , though one juvenile female was seen behaving as mated pair with a male just one week after reaching independence ( greene 1990 ) , and captive birds are said to breed when they are less than one year old ( higgins 1999 ) .
parakeet is a term that encompasses diverse species , widely scattered taxonomically , within the subfamily psittacinae of the family psittacidae . the term mainly is used for small , long - tailed members of the arini tribe in the americas , and in australia colloquially for many species . the term is descriptive and used for small , long - tailed parrots but does not imply an actual relationship between the different parakeets . not all parakeets have long tails . an older orthography still sometimes encountered is paroquet .
collar , n . , boesman , p . , sharpe , c . j . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . jandaya parakeet ( aratinga jandaya ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
on the other hand , a recent review argued to maintain species status for the time being . a study skin had been discovered at the royal museum of scotland , explicitly referencing a book description of the réunion birds . this may be the only material proof of these birds ' existence , or be from mauritius . even in that case , ancient dna analysis of this specimen will give new insight into these questions , because very little data exists on the genetic diversity of the mauritius parakeet in former times .
alexandrine parakeet ( psittacula eupatria ) is increasing or changing its range in gujarat state india . as till 1980s it was restricted to south gujarat forest areas particularly rajpipla forest division . but since 1998 this species is occurring in many parts of saurashtra ! ! ! i am observing this species in bhavnagar city since 1998 and the population is increasing ! ! i have observed this species readily nesting in an artificial wooden nest box ( approx . 1cuft size ) placed at about 6m height on a tree in a private garden . the increase of population of this species in bhavnagar may be an example of local abundance .
the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) was a medium - sized green parrot ( length about 27 cm ) . the head was bright green with a crimson cap and eye - stripe . the upperparts were bright to dark yellowish - green with a scarlet patch on either side of the rump ( usually concealed by the wings when resting ) , and a greenish - blue leading edge to the wings . the eyes were yellow or red , and the bill was black with a pearly base . sexes appeared similar , but the female was smaller ( forshaw & cooper 1981 ; higgins 1999 ; oliver 1955 ) .
i have not included my few records of this species for thailand as i’m sure phil round and his thai colleagues will have this well covered . i’m sure i have earlier notes for burma but cannot find them at the moment . i have no records of this species for laos and vietnam . i have not included my records for india outside the north - east as i’m sure others have much more detailed observations from this part of this species’ range . nevertheless , my general sense is that alexandrine parakeet is widespread throughout india but nowhere common and always less common than species such as ring - necked and red - breasted .
the carolina parakeet died out because of a number of different threats , and in particular , a loss of habitat and overhunting . to make space for more agricultural land , large areas of forest were cut down , taking away its living space . the colorful feathers ( green body , yellow head , and red around the bill ) were in demand as decorations in ladies ' hats , and the birds were kept as pets . even though the birds bred easily in captivity , little was done by owners to increase the population of tamed birds . finally , they were killed in large numbers because farmers considered them a pest , although many farmers valued them for controlling invasive cockleburs .
given its endemism , the red - crowned parakeet ( macquarie island ) was probably sedentary . however , parakeets were twice seen flying over the sea , away from macquarie island ( falla 1937 ) . it has been suggested that they may have been flying to nearby offshore islets , or been blown out to sea by squalls ( forshaw & cooper 2002 ) . other subspecies are sedentary or resident ( higgins 1999 ) , though birds occurring on archipelagoes may fly between neighbouring islands , sometimes covering up to 40 km over water ( taylor 1985 ) . however , most movements are shorter , usually covering several hundred metres or a few kilometres ( fleming 1939 ; forshaw & cooper 1981 ; higgins 1999 ; taylor 1985 ) .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has been uplisted from least concern on the basis of new information about its population trend . it is listed as near threatened because it is suspected to be undergoing a moderately rapid population decline owing to on - going habitat loss and trapping pressure .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be uncommon in china , with variable status elsewhere ( del hoyo et al . 1997 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in moderately rapid decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction and trapping pressure . anecdotal observations of local trends in some parts of the species ' s range lend support to this suspicion , for example in cambodia since at least the 1990s ( f . goes in litt . 2013 , t . gray in litt . 2013 , r . j . timmins in litt . 2013 ) .
conservation actions underway the species occurs in multiple protected areas across its range , including kaziranga tiger reserve ( india ) ; nat ma tung national park ( myanmar ) ; doi inthanon and mae ping national parks ( thailand ) ; and kulen promtep national park and mondulkiri protected forest ( cambodia ) . conservation actions proposed conduct regular range - wide surveys to monitor the species ' s population trend . monitor rates of habitat loss and degradation within the species ' s range . list the species under cites . quantify the impacts of capture for trade . conduct awareness - raising activities to reduce trapping pressure and trade . increase the area of suitable habitat within protected areas .
updated geographic range , habitat and ecology and conservation actions text fields , and added relevant references .
( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t22685473a111377718 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
kollidoo , 3500–5000 feet [ c . 1000–1500 m ] , upper salween river , myanmar
long considered conspecific with p . himalayana , but the two recorded within 25 km of each other in n bengal and se bhutan ; other evidence , however , suggests that individuals are convergent in this region ; separation as two species therefore remains provisional , but supported by differences in plumage , size ( finschii smaller ) and “markedly distinct” vocalizations # r . monotypic .
india from n west bengal e through , assam , s china , myanmar and thailand to indochina ; very rare in bangladesh .
but smaller with longer tail feathers , slightly paler head , yellower upperparts and darker blue - green underwing - coverts . . .
commonest vocalization a strident upslurred pleasant - sounding whistle , “pweeeh ! ” . when perched , . . .
open mixed deciduous forest , teak forest , secondary growth , cultivation and tea plantations in . . .
jan–mar in c & s myanmar . nest with 4 eggs recorded c . 12 m up in xylia dolabriformis tree .
in some areas of w myanmar , with up to 100 seen daily , 1995 . locally . . .
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recent reappraisal of higher taxonomy of parrots # r proposed arrangement into three superfamilies , here treated as families ( strigopidae , cacatuidae , psittacidae ) ; same study split psittacidae , as here defined , into three families , with additional recognition of psittrichasidae ( psittrichas to coracopsis , below ) and psittaculidae ( psephotus to micropsitta , below ) ; in present work , separation of these families considered to require further study and perhaps additional support . in the past , present family was often split into two , with recognition of family loriidae ; at the other extreme , it was sometimes considered to include all psittaciformes .
recent study suggested that , as currently constituted , this genus may be polyphyletic and that tanygnathus may be embedded within it # r .
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bird perched on a home made perch . part of the tail appears to be missing .
this species has been uplisted from least concern on the basis of new information about its population trend . it is listed as near threatened because it is suspected to be undergoing a moderately rapid population decline owing to on - going habitat loss and trapping pressure .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : psittacula finschii . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
) is a medium - sized bird measuring 35 to 40 cm in length . it is very similar to p . himalayana . however it is smaller in size , the tail feathers are longer , the head is paler and the upperparts are more yellow . the nape is pale blue - green .
image author : dr . raju kasambe | license : cc by - sa 4 . 0
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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ringneck / long - tailed parakeets . . . ringneck photo gallery . . . ringneck parrots as pets ( behavior and training )
a variety of mutations have been produced , including blue , olive , lutino and albino .
are either without or with a greatly reduced dark red patch to the wing - coverts .
have greenish head and brownish - green cheeks . there is a narrow green band to the nape . the upper and lower beaks are horn - colored with a brownish base to the lower beak . they attain their adult plumage when they are about 30 months old .
ringneck parrots are less demanding than other parrot species , which makes them an excellent choice for someone who wants to
step up
from an easy - going and easy - care cockatiel or budgie .
they are rather active , and enjoy climbing and playing . to accommodate their need for exercise , they should be provided a roomy cage that allows them to move around freely and toys to entertain themselves with - preferably the size of an amazon or even macaw cage . info on housing your bird
a good quality small parrot mix , in addition to fruits , vegetables , soaked seed consisting of mung beans , milo , wheat and sunflower - and green food , such as dandelions , chicory and endives should be provided .
sprouted or germinated seeds are usually more easily accepted by
seed addicts
than fresh fruits and vegetables .
sprouted seeds are healthier as the sprouting changes and enhances the nutritional quality and value of seeds and grains . sprouted seeds are lower in fat , as the process of sprouting utilizes the fat in the seed to start the growing process - thus reducing the fat stored in the seeds .
sprouted seeds will help balance your bird’s diet by adding a nutritious supply of high in vegetable proteins , vitamins , minerals , enzymes , and chlorophyll .
soaked and germinated
oil
seeds , like niger and rape seeds , are rich in protein and carbohydrates ; while
starch
seeds , such as canary and millets , are rich in carbohydrates , but lower in protein .
it is an invaluable food at all times ; however , it is especially important for breeding or molting birds . sprouted seeds also serve as a great rearing and weaning food as the softened shell is easier to break by chicks and gets them used to the texture of seeds .
consistent training and behavioral guidance from a young age is recommended to ensure potential owners enjoy a bird free of destructive and annoying habits .
breeding activities may begin at the end of july , august or early september . average clutch size is 4 to 6 eggs and incubation lasts 24 to 25 days . only the hen incubates , and the male feeds her in the nest . the young fledge at about 6 weeks . it is recommended to check on the chicks to make sure that they are properly fed and attended to . if the parents lack the necessary parenting skills , fostering may become necessary . however , in the rule , they make excellent parents .