colombian weasel ( mustela felipei ) , also known as the don felipe 's weasel , is a very rare species of weasel only known with certainty from the departments of huila and cauca in colombia and nearby northern ecuador ( where only known from a single specimen ) .

both its scientific and alternative common name honours the mammalogist philip " don felipe " hershkovitz .

it appears to be largely restricted to riparian habitats at an altitude of 1,100 to 2,700 m ( 3,600 to 8,900 ft ) .

there is extensive deforestation within its limited distribution within the northern andes of colombia and ecuador , and with less than ten known specimens , it is probably the rarest carnivoran in south america .

it is considered vulnerable by the iucn .

it is the second smallest living carnivore on average , being only slightly larger than the least weasel ( mustela nivalis ) and slightly smaller than the ermine or stoat ( m. erminea ) .

the upperparts and tail are blackish-brown , while the underparts are orange-buff .

colombian weasel

colombian weasel how did the colombian weasel become endangered ? colombia , colombian weasel what habitat / biome does the colombian weasel live in ? works cited urltoken the colombian weasel became endangered because they would chase chickens on farmers territory and the farmers would chase them back and sometimes kill one the colombian weasels habitat is colombia and possibly ecuador they like to have there habitat near water , streams , and lakes . urltoken 3 . urltoken 4 . urltoken 5 . urltoken
has colombian weasel mustela felipei been overlooked in collections ? | hector e . ramírez - chaves - urltoken
* * * as of 1996 , only five specimens of the colombian weasel were known . three of them were originally mis - labeled as the long - tailed weasel , mustela frenata , before the colombian weasel had been identified as a separate species .
the colombian weasel is approximately 22cm ( 9 inches ) long , and one weighed 138g ( 5oz ) .
there is extensive deforestation in the area where the colombian weasel has been found ; however , it is not yet established whether this is having an adverse effect on the weasel .
the colombian weasel is one of the species that live in the tropical andes biodiversity hotspot ( cons . intl . ) .
the colombian weasel ( mustela felepei ) has only recently been discovered and has never been studied in the wild . two british and three colombians are hoping to instigate a detailed study of a colombian weasel population , its habitat and the effects of human activity on them .
distribution and habitat modelling for colombian weasel mustela felipei in the northern andes | josé f . gonzález - maya and santiago burneo - urltoken
until they were identified as a separate species in 1996 , several colombian weasels were mistaken for the long - tailed weasel ( mustela frenata ) .
aka … water weasel , don felipe weasel ( after philip hershkovitz who made numerous contributions to south american fauna in the 1950s ) .
there have been no studies of reproduction in colombian weasels . however , in temperate
in english - language popular culture in particular , the term ' weasel ' is associated with devious characters . a cartoon shown on cartoon network is entitled ' i am weasel ' , whose main character is a weasel . two pokémon are based on the weasel , buizel and floatzel .
the colombian weasel lives in the mountain forests of the andes , from 1500 to 2000m ( 4921 to 6562ft ) over sea level . the climate is subtropical .
because this species is known from so few specimens and has not been observed in the wild , there is very little known about colombian weasel behavior . like other
in a paper entitled “phylogeographic patterns of mitochondrial differentiation in the long - tailed weasel , mustela frenata “ , produced at the 87th annual meeting of the american society of mammalogists , it was stated that “the first mitochondrial sequences of the colombian weasel ( mustela felipei ) , used in outgroup comparisons suggest that the colombian weasel might prove a closer sister taxon to the long - tailed weasel ( mustela frenata ) than the traditional sister taxon , the american mink ( neovison vison ) .
not much information about the diet of the colombian weasel is known . however , weasels in general are carnivores who eat up to 40 % of their body weight each day . their typical diet includes small mammals , birds , and insects . because it is suspected that the colombian weasel may be aquatic , fish might also be a component of their diet .
the females are called ' bitch , doe or jill ' and males ' buck , dog , hub or jack ' . a colombian weasel group is called a ' boogle ' .
due to the lack of information about this rare weasel , it is assumed that , being a carnivore , the animal has a similar diet to its weasel cousins , i . e . small mammals , insects , etc . however it’s also suspected that , because of its webbed feet , the colombian weasel might also include fish in its diet . habitat
the weasel pre - breeding season population is estimated to be 450 , 000 adults .
as it has webbing between its toes , scientists think that this weasel may be aquatic .
patagonian weasel ( lyncodon patagonicus , found in western argentina and central and southern chile ) .
there have been no reports of mating systems in colombian weasels . in the related and well - studied species ,
female colombian weasels nurture their newborn young and take care of them for 2 to 3 months . in other ,
* * * the colombian weasel is probably the rarest carnivore in south america . as of 1989 , virtually nothing was known about its distribution , its status or its ecology . ( schreiber et al . 1989 )
the eating inclinations of the colombian weasel : generally speaking , they eat up to forty percent of the body mass on a daily basis . the typical diet consists of : mammals , insects and birds . it is a hypothesis ( or assumption ) of some researchers / experts that colombian weasels are in fact aquatic , then it goes without saying that fish are part of their foods . the colombian weasel is basically a carnivore , lest you get confused , they have been known to attack chickens , and because of this , farmers attacked them in return .
the weasel ( mustela nivalis ) is the smallest member of the mustelid family and britains smallest carnivore .
they are pale / yellowish brown in colour although they can be darker or redder in different parts of their range . sometimes their tail has a dark brown tip and almost always their muzzle has some white colouration . habitat siberian weasels are found in the tundra , mountains and forested areas throughout east asia . they are solitary and mainly nocturnal but sometimes they hunt during the day . diet siberian weasels are ferocious and efficient predators . they mainly feed up on rodents , lizards , small birds , eggs and insects . breeding siberian weasels breed annually in spring and after a gestation period of 28 - 30 days , 2 - 12 ( average 5 ) young are born in a nest . they are taken care of by the female and when they reach a month old their eyes open . they are weaned at 2 months old and they reach sexual maturity at approximately 2 years of age . predators predators of siberian weasels are large owls and birds of prey . subspecies there are four subspecies of siberian weasel : mustela sibirica subhemachalana mustela sibirica moupiensis mustela sibirica canigula mustela sibirica hodgsoni interesting facts siberian weasels are also known as : siberian mountain weasel kolinsky himalayan weasel siberian weasel fur makes the finest water colour or oil paint brushes and is especially sought after by artists . the kolinsky sable - hair brush is produced using the winter fur of the male siberian weasel , not sable . similar animals back - striped weasel colombian weasel least weasel japanese weasel long - tailed weasel malayan weasel mountain weasel patagonian weasel
one colombian weasel weighed 138 g ( 5 oz ) . known specimens have been collected in areas close to water at elevations of 1750 and 2700 m ( 5740 ' and 8900 ' ) , an altitude where cloud forests predominate . one specimen was collected in a region of the upper suaza river valley where the river contains stretches with torrential currents which are interrupted by quiet pools ( schreiber et al . 1989 ) . however , the most recent collection was in rugged terrain but not near water . webbing between the toes and its ( mostly ) riparian distribution suggests that the colombian weasel is aquatic . five specimens of the colombian weasel have been found in the highlands of the cordillera central of western colombia and in the andes of northern ecuador . there is extensive deforestation in the area where it has been found ; however , it is not yet established whether this is having an adverse effect on the weasel .
as of 1996 , only five specimens of the colombian weasel were known . the colombian weasel has been found in western colombia as well as the andes of northern ecuador . colombian weasels are considered to be riparian - to live near the bank of a body of water or a watercourse . several specimens have been collected in areas close to water at elevations of 1750 and 2700 m ( 5740 ' and 8900 ' ) , an altitude dominated by cloud forests . one collection was in the upper suaza river valley , where the river contains stretches with torrential currents which are interrupted by quiet pools . however , one of the most recent specimens was found in an area of rugged terrain that was not near water .
colombian weasels are likely to be important predators of small animals in the riparian habitats they occupy . little is know of mutualisms or parasitisms in this species .
colombian weasels may help humans by controlling rodent and insect pest populations in the areas they occupy . their skins are also used for coats and other clothing products .
cats , owls , foxes and birds of prey will all try to kill weasels , although a weasel will fight hard to defend itself .
since the discovery of the colombian weasel , only five specimens have been obtained from western colombia ( provinces of huila and cauca ) and northern ecuador ( nowak , 2005 ) . the species was thought to be endemic to the cordillera central of colombia , but another specimen was found from andean ecuador ( schreiber
have broader bodies . an order of magnitude difference in size exists between the smallest and largest mustelid species . the smallest species is the least weasel (
* * * inhabitants of areas adjoining sites where the colombian weasel was being studied were asked which mammals they were familiar with . almost all farm - dwelling people questioned had seen weasels , and usually thought of them as pests , since most encounters involved predation upon chickens or domestic guinea pigs ( fawcett et al . 1996 ) .
project update : 25 / 3 / 98 . the team were the first to study the recently discovered colombian weasel in the wild . the project led on to a research project on another species of weasel by a local student and an environment education poster about cloudforest mammals was initiated by the leader and iucn specialist group . it will be distributed in colombia and possibly ecuador to raise awareness and generate feedback from wardens and communities on the rarer species ( d . fawcett in litt . 1998 ) .
african striped weasel ( poecilogale albinucha , found in southern africa ) . larivère and jennings ( 2009 ) noted that , given recent data indicating that the african striped weasel is the sister taxon to the zorilla ( ictonyx striatus ) ( koepfli et al . 2008 ) , it should probably be placed in the genus ictonyx as well .
weasels have light brown fur on their backs and their underparts are creamy / white . the weasel is smaller than the stoat and lacks the small white patches under their chin and throat . in many weasel species , populations living at high latitudes moult to a white coat with black fur at the tip of the tail in winter . weasels have sharp eyesight and excellent hearing .
there has been extensive deforestation in the area where this particular weasel has been found but , to date , it hasn’t been established whether this is causing an adverse effect on it or not .
almost nothing is known of colombian weasel ' s habitat preferences ( schreiber et al . 1989 ) , but its naked foot soles with extensive interdigital webbing and records in areas of riparian habitats suggest that the species is adapted to water - edge environments ( ramírez - chaves & patterson 2014 ) . the few specimens have been obtained from between 1 , 525 and 2 , 700 m , an altitude range where cloud forests predominate .
at the time of the review of the family mustelidae by larivère and jennings ( 2009 ) , the iucn listed seven mustelid species as endangered ( giant otter , marine otter , southern river otter [ lontra provocax ] , sea otter , hairy - nosed otter [ lutra sumatrana ] , european mink , and black - footed ferret ) ; five as vulnerable ( nilgiri marten [ martes gwatkinsii ] , marbled polecat , asian small - clawed otter [ aonyx cinereus ] , smooth - coated otter , and colombian weasel [ mustela felipei ] ) ; and four as near threatened ( hog badger , wolverine , eurasian otter , and mountain weasel [ mustela altaica ] ) . of the remaining species , 35 were listed as least concern and six as data deficient . in fact , so little is known about most mustelid species that reliable status assessments are difficult . the colombian weasel ( mustela felipei ) was described only in 1978 ( izor and de la torre 1978 ) and may be the rarest carnivore in south america ( ramírez - chaves et al . 2012 ) .
colombian weasels communicate with vocalizations , vision , touch , and probably with scent cues . individuals of this species stand on their hind legs to search for others and emit a high - pitched sound to alert relatives in times of danger .
the ermine , least weasel , and long - tailed weasel ( mustela frenata ) completely change their coats between summer and winter , with a dramatic change from brown to white in the northern parts of the range and at high elevations ( in other areas , the summer coat is dark ) . interestingly , ermine and long - tailed weasels retain the black tail tip in the winter , which experiments have suggested may focus the attention of potential predators away from the body as a weasel makes its escape . japanese weasels ( mustela itatsi ) replace their dark brown summer coat with a much paler yellowish one in the winter .
izor , r . , l . de la torre . 1978 . a new species of weasel ( mustela ) form the highlands of colombia , with comments on the evolution and distribution of south american weasels . .
one colombian weasel weighed 138 g ( 5 oz ) . known specimens have been collected in areas close to water at elevations of 1750 and 2700 m ( 5740 ' and 8900 ' ) , an altitude where cloud forests predominate . one specimen was collected in a region of the upper suaza river valley where the river contains stretches with torrential currents which are interrupted by quiet pools ( schreiber et al . 1989 ) . however , the most recent collection was in rugged terrain but not near water .
the weasel may travel up to 2 . 5 kilometres on a hunting expedition . weasels are good climbers and will often raid birds nests , taking the eggs and young . when ratting , its courage is even greater than the stoats .
colombian weasels are recognized as vulnerable with a decreasing population trend by the iucn . very little is known about their life history and population status , but their rarity and the fact that many of the areas they are thought to inhabit have been severely impacted by deforestation suggests that populations are threatened .
. smaller carnivores that are restricted to small habitat fragments may also be at risk to predation by larger carnivores that can more easily move among fragments . hunting has been a problem for some species , while others , particularly tropical mustelids , do not seem to be declining as a result . endangered mustelids include : colombian weasels (
adult specimens have averaged 22 cm ( 8 . 7 in ) in length , not counting the 11 . 5 cm ( 4 . 5 in ) tail , and weighed 120 to 150 g ( 4 . 2 to 5 . 3 oz ) . colombian weasels are the second smallest living carnivore , being only slightly larger than least weasels (
weasels feed on small mammals and in former times were considered vermin since some species took poultry from farms , or rabbits from commercial warrens . certain species of weasel and ferrets , have been reported to perform the mesmerizing weasel ‘war dance’ , after fighting other animals , or acquiring food from competing creatures . in folklore at least , this dance is particularly associated with the stoat . mice and voles make up 60 % – 80 % of their diet , however , they also eat rats , frogs and birds . their prey is killed with a sharp bite to the back of the neck . prey is usually taken on the ground .
main characteristics siberian weasels are a large species of weasel . they have a body length between 30 and 40 . 5 cms ( 12 - 15 . 9 inches ) , a tail length between 18 and 25 . 5 cms ( 7 - 10 inches ) and they weigh approximately 57 g ( 2 oz ) .
morphology : most mustelids are small to medium - sized carnivores with long bodies and short limbs ( some , such as the wolverine and badgers , have a stockier body shape ) . the least weasel , which is not only the smallest weasel but also the world ' s smallest carnivore , may weigh in at as little as 25 g when fully grown . sexual size dimorphism in mustelids can be striking , with males often twice the size of females . the largest mustelid is the sea otter , which can reach 45 kg , and on land , the wolverine , which can reach 18 kg . mustelids have five toes on each foot and often strong claws . their ears can be pointed forward or swiveled to the side , but not folded back .
only six specimens of colombian weasel , from five localities in four provinces or departments , have been obtained : from western colombia ( departments of chocó - valle del cauca , huila and cauca ) and northern ecuador ( province of napo ) . the most northern is from 4°51 ' n , and the most southern from 0°25 ' n . recent re - examination of neotropical mustela specimens in many collections revealed no new m . felipei , re - affirming the conventional view of the rarity of the species ; many published accounts contain records in error or for which the reliability cannot be judged ( rámirez - chaves et al . 2012 ) . it is however possible that the species has been under - recorded because , in this part of the andes , weasels in general are extremely challenging to identify in the field : this species is morphologically very similar to long - tailed weasel m . frenata ( rámirez - chaves et al . 2012 ) . tirira and gonzalez - maya ( 2009 ) traced records from 1 , 525 to 2 , 700 m a . s . l . ; a record from a lower altitude was considered to be an error of identification by rámirez - chaves et al . ( 2012 ) .
weasels vary in length , but generally , male weasels measure around 20 – 22 centimetres long and have a tail length of 6 . 5 centimetres and female weasels measure around 15 – 18 centimetres long and have a tail length of 4 . 5 centimetres . the average weasel weighs about 198 grams ( 7 ounces ) , however , males usually weigh up to 115 grams and females up to 59 grams .
) were recognized . they were found in west colombia and also in parts of north ecuador ( andes ) . the colombian weasel is labelled as riparian , and this means , living near water or a water - course , fact is , many individuals were acquired / sighted near bodies of water at elevations of 1700 to 2700 meters . there are of course exceptions , but truly exceptions at that , one recent discovery was from a place far from water . speaking of the five specimens , they had been found at the high lands of western colombia , and these areas were heavily exploited , deforestation - wise . a specimen in the distant past was found in the upper suaza ( it ' s a river ) where the body of water possesses stretches of currents mixed in with
peaceful
pools ( and when i say mixed , interrupted is what it means here ) .
each weasel has a territory of 4 – 8 hectares ( 1 hectare is equal to 2 football pitches ) . male territories are larger than females and they may overlap with one another . the size of the territory depends on the food supply ; where there is plenty there is no need to hunt for food far and wide . the individual territories are marked with strong - smelling secretions from the anal scent glands .
neither the stoat or weasel is in any real danger of extinction in the uk , they are however threatened by hunting , habitat loss , poisoning and both often get run over on the country lanes . they do tend to live around farms as the hedgerow habitat and plentiful food supply suits them . this often leads them into conflict with farmers , especially problematic are stoats who are very able at snatching chickens , eggs as well as game birds .
colombian weasels are very rare , and very little is known about them . they are found in riparian areas , near rivers and along the banks of other natural water sources . only six localities have been confirmed in colombia and ecuador . the few specimens that have been obtained were collected from altitudes ranging between 1 , 750 and 2 , 700 m where cloud forests predominate . one specimen was collected in the upper suaza river valley ( cueva de los guacharos national park ) . this part of the suaza river contains a mixture of violent currents and quiet pools .
the weasel family is made up of meat - eaters . when searching for food , they can cover a large area . they aren ' t afraid of prey larger than themselves . in general , members of this family live alone . females are always smaller than the males . the males also have a larger territory than the females . while female lives in an area where she can find enough food , the male tries to make his territory large enough to accompany lots of females .
the mustelidae ( from latin mustela , weasel ) are a family of carnivorous mammals , including the otters , badgers , weasels , martens , ferrets , minks and wolverines . mustelids are diverse and the largest family in the order carnivora . the internal classification still seems to be rather unsettled , with rival proposals containing between two and eight subfamilies . one study , published in 2008 , questions the long - accepted mustelinae subfamily , and suggests that mustelidae consist of four major clades and three much smaller lineages .
species , fertilized eggs develop for approximately eight days before suspending development for 7 . 5 months . after this time , the embryos resume development , and 6 to 8 young are born 24 days later . all together , the gestation period lasts 200 to 300 days . newborn colombian weasels are blind and hairless . they measure approximately 55 mm in length and weigh up to 2 g each . they quickly develop a soft fur , which is replaced by adult fur after 3 weeks . by week 5 , their teeth have come in . their eyes open by 6 weeks of age , at which point weaning begins .
habitat : mustelids can be found in a great diversity of habitats , including marine ( marine otter [ lontra felina ] and sea otter ) , rivers ( north american river otter [ lontra canadensis ] and spotted - necked otter ) , temperate forest ( european pine marten [ martes martes ] and american marten [ martes americana ] ) , dry open woodlands ( african striped weasel ) , and grasslands ( black - footed ferret [ mustela nigripes ] ) . some mustelids have very broad habitat preferences . for example , ermine and least weasels can be found from grasslands to woodlands and honey badgers from forests to deserts .
justification : colombian weasel is listed as vulnerable under c2a ( i ) , inferring a population size of at least 1 , 350 mature individuals from the current known range and a plausible population density , and assuming a continuing decline in population due to ongoing deforestation ( acknowledging the species may potentially tolerate some level of forest degradation ) . the range is sufficiently extensive to make it highly likely that no one subpopulation holds over 1 , 000 mature individuals . in addition , it is plausible that the species might meet the threshold for vulnerable under d1 ( a total population of 1 , 000 mature individuals or fewer ) if the density is only three - quarters of the arbitrary figure given in the ' population ' section ( and again assuming that the current range is not larger ) . this listing may be slightly evidentiary . indeed , a categorisation of endangered under c2a ( i ) is not out of the question , especially as no subpopulation may hold more than 250 mature individuals ; however , equally , the total population size might also be severely underestimated , especially if the range is larger than currently documented ( implying a larger population than speculated here ) . on balance , it is unlikely that this species ' s the true range has been fully documented so far , especially for a species so difficult to identify by typical mammal survey methods . hence , vulnerable seems to be a more appropriate listing , pending re - assessment when more information becomes available .
colombian weasel occurs in a limited geographic area where deforestation is rampant ( nowak 2005 , etter and van wyngaarden 2000 ) ; a significant proportion of the estimated range of the species has been deforested for agriculture and illicit crops . between 1990 and 2010 , forest cover net loss within the species´s known extent of occurrence ( eoo ) reached 10 % overall , and was 13 % within its suitable habitat ( areas within its eoo ) between 1 , 500 and 2 , 700 m a . s . l . ) ; for the last potential distribution model for the species ( ramírez - chaves and mantilla - meluk 2009 ) a net forest loss of 26 % was estimated for the period of 1990 - 2010 . forest lost estimates before 1990 indicate even a larger net loss ( etter and van wyngaarden 2000 ) . currently , there is only 36 % of forest cover within the eoo , 35 % within the altitudinally suitable eeo , and 25 % within the last modelled distribution . these deforestation trends are likely to continue given the historical drivers still operating in the area . the extent of the species ' s association with forest is , however , unknown , so the relationship of these deforestation statistics to the species ' s population trend is also unclear . for example , the former could overestimate the latter if the species is not particularly tied to forest , or if densities are higher in degraded and edge areas than in pristine forest ; or they could be an underestimate if the species is tied to a particularly rapidly declining microhabitat .
weasels , european mink , and polecats ( mustela , 17 species , various species found across much of north america , europe , and asia ; in africa , the european polecat [ mustela putorius ] is present in morocco and the egyptian weasel [ mustela subpalmata ] is found in egypt ; ermine [ m . erminea ] have been introduced to new zealand and least weasels [ m . nivalis ] have been introduced to new zealand , malta , crete , the azores , and apparently são tomé island ) . the domestic ferret is believed to be descended from the european polecat and is often referred to as m . putorius furo , but steppe polecats ( m . eversamanii ) may also be among the ancestors of the domestic ferret .
mustelids vary greatly in size and behaviour . the least weasel is not much larger than a mouse , while the giant otter can measure up to 1 . 7 m ( 5 ft 7 in ) in length and sea otters can exceed 45 kg ( 99 lb ) in weight . the wolverine can crush bones as thick as the femur of a moose to get at the marrow , and has been seen attempting to drive bears away from their kills . the sea otter uses rocks to break open shellfish to eat . the marten is largely arboreal , while the badger digs extensive networks of tunnels , called setts . some mustelids have been domesticated : the ferret and the tayra are kept as pets ( although the tayra requires a dangerous wild animals licence in the uk ) , or as working animals for hunting or vermin control . others have been important in the fur trade —the mink is often raised for its fur .
some other mustelids , such as the sable ( martes zibellina ) and american mink , are still highly valued for their fur commercially and african striped weasel skins are used in traditional ceremonies in africa . although american mink are still trapped in the wild , many millions are also bred on farms in the united states , europe , and , more recently , china . the escape of american mink from fur farms has resulted in the establishment of wild populations in europe and asia , which are believed to have negative consequences for competitors , such as european mink , as well as for native prey , such as water voles in britain . in new zealand , ermine and least weasels were introduced deliberately in the 1880s in an effort to reduce populations of introduced european rabbits . ermine have thrived , not only feeding on rabbits but also devastating local fauna , especially flightless birds . today , ermine are present in virtually all forested areas in new zealand , although least weasels are rare , presumably due to the scarcity of the smaller prey on which they specialize ( voles are absent and feral house mice are the only rodents smaller than 50 g ) .
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izor and de la torre ( 1978 ) suggested that m . africana and m . felipei form a monophyletic group . youngman ( 1982 ) placed m . felipei in subgenus grammogale ; abramov ( 2000 ) placed it in subgenus cabreragale .
one specimen was collected in cueva de los guacharos national park ( ramírez - chaves et al . 2012 ) . purace national park is also close to a collecting site ( schreiber et al . 1989 ) . in ecuador the species has not been recorded in any protected area ( tirira and gonzález - maya 2009 ) . potentially , according to models , the species could be potentially present in 10 protected areas in colombia ( ramírez - chaves and mantilla - meluk 2009 , burneo et al . 2009 ) and 14 in ecuador ( burneo et al . 2009 ) ; but no confirmed records exist from any of these areas ( ramírez - chaves et al . 2012 ) . determining the conservation needs is hampered by the minimal information on the species ' s natural history . it is therefore a high priority to find and study an extant population , particularly its habitat use and threats ( if any ) . at least five field efforts in six localities in colombia ( two adjacent to previous records ) failed to detect the species ( ramírez - chaves and patterson 2014 , j . f . gonzález - maya pers . comm . 2015 ) . moreover , natural habitat at three of the five known localities have been severely fragmented in recent years .
gonzález - maya , j . f . , emmons , l . , helgen , k . & arias - alzate , aaa . 2016 .
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five specimens have been found in the highlands of the cordillera central of western colombia near san agustin , huila province and popayan , cauca province , and in the andes of northern ecuador .
burton & pearson 1987 , cons . intl . , emmons & feer 1997 , fawcett et al . 1996 , infonatura , iucn 1994 , iucn 1996 , iucn 2000 , iucn 2003a , iucn 2004 , izor & de la torre 1978 , nowak 1999 , nowak & paradiso 1983 , schreiber et al . 1989
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specimens had been discovered in places at elevations of 5740 ' and 8900 ' , and in case you do not know it , these are altitudes where typical cloud forests are present .
: these weasels have been killed in the past , because of local superstitious beliefs .
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it’s probably the rarest carnivore in south america and virtually nothing was known about its distribution , its status or its ecology prior to 1989 .
it’s listed on the iucn red list of threatened species as endangered ( en ) and it’s considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild .
these weasels are considered to be riparian , which means that they probably live near the banks of a natural course of water .
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has been observed from western colombia ( provinces of huila and cauca ) to northern ecuador . the species was thought to be endemic to the cordillera central of colombia until another specimen was found in andean ecuador . within this potential distribution there are 34 protected areas ( 20 in colombia and 14 in ecuador ) . there are three confirmed localities for the species in each for colombia and ecuador ; all lie within 1 , 123 to 2 , 700 m elevation .
occurs in colombia from serrania de los paraguas in the limits between the chocó and valle del cauca departments ( 4°51′n , 76°25′w ) through the northern andes of ecuador in mera in the province of pastaza ( 1°27′s , 78°05′w ; schreiber et al . , 1989 ; wozencraft , 2005 ) . according to the international union for conservation of nature and natural resources , there are likely to be serious threats to the protection of this species and they proposed several core regions to protect to ensure its survival . the iucn currently recognizes the species as vulnerable at a b2ab level ( ii , iii , iv , iucn red list of threatened species , 2013 ) .
(
iucn red list of threatened species .
, 2013 ;
mustela
, 2013 ; hollister , 1914 ; izor and de la torre , 1978 ; llano , et al . , 2010 ; mckelvey , et al . , 2007 ; mesa - gonzalez , 2006 ; nowak , 2005 ; rageot and albuja , 1994 )
(
mustela
, 2013 ; alberico , 1994 ; anderson and martinez - meyer , 2003 ; bernal , 2004a ; eisenberg and redford , 1999 ; hollister , 1914 ; izor and peterson , 1985 ; llano , et al . , 2010 ; mesa - gonzalez , 2006 ; youngman , 1982 )
. the upperparts and tail are blackish - brown , the underparts are orange - buff , and the fur is quite long . little else is known about its physical appearance , though research indicates it has webbed feet to help provide stability in semi - aquatic habitats .
( bernal , 2004b ; eisenberg and redford , 1999 ; emmons and helgen , 2013 ; hollister , 1914 ; izor and de la torre , 1978 ; llano , et al . , 2010 ; mckelvey , et al . , 2007 ; mesa - gonzalez , 2006 ; nowak , 2005 ; rageot and albuja , 1994 ; schreiber , et al . , 1989 )
range basal metabolic rate 0 . 69 to 0 . 76 cm3 . o2 / g / hr
, there is a monogamous pair bond , the male is attentive to the female - especially during weaning - and watches the young while she hunts for herself . both parents take care of the offspring for two to three months . however , in other species of
, males compete for access to mating with multiple females and do not participate in the care of young .
( eisenberg and redford , 1999 ; hijmans , et al . , 2005 ; hollister , 1914 ; hunter , 2011 ; izor and peterson , 1985 ; izor and de la torre , 1978 ; nowak , 2005 ; rageot and albuja , 1994 ; schreiber , et al . , 1989 ; youngman , 1982 ;
mustela
, 2013 ; eisenberg and redford , 1999 ; hijmans , et al . , 2005 ; hollister , 1914 ; hunter , 2011 ; izor and peterson , 1985 ; izor and de la torre , 1978 ; nowak , 2005 ; rageot and albuja , 1994 ; schreiber , et al . , 1989 ; youngman , 1982 )
( bernal , 2004a ; emmons and helgen , 2013 ; hijmans , et al . , 2005 ; hunter , 2011 ; llano , et al . , 2010 ; mckelvey , et al . , 2007 ; mesa - gonzalez , 2006 ; nowak , 2005 ; rageot and albuja , 1994 ; schreiber , et al . , 1989 ; youngman , 1982 )
( anderson and martinez - meyer , 2003 ; bernal , 2004b ; bernal , 2004a ; hollister , 1914 ; hunter , 2011 ; izor and peterson , 1985 ; llano , et al . , 2010 ; mckelvey , et al . , 2007 ; schreiber , et al . , 1989 ; youngman , 1982 )
( hollister , 1914 ; hunter , 2011 ; izor and peterson , 1985 ; izor and de la torre , 1978 ; llano , et al . , 2010 ; nowak , 2005 ; rageot and albuja , 1994 ; schreiber , et al . , 1989 ; youngman , 1982 )
( anderson and martinez - meyer , 2003 ; bernal , 2004a ; hijmans , et al . , 2005 ; izor and de la torre , 1978 ; llano , et al . , 2010 ; mckelvey , et al . , 2007 ; rageot and albuja , 1994 )
( bernal , 2004a ; eisenberg and redford , 1999 ; izor and peterson , 1985 ; izor and de la torre , 1978 ; llano , et al . , 2010 ; rageot and albuja , 1994 ; schreiber , et al . , 1989 )
cousins . because of their webbed feet and occurrence in riparian habitats , they are assumed to eat fish and other aquatic organisms , in addition to terrestrial small mammals and insects .
( alberico , 1994 ; anderson and martinez - meyer , 2003 ; bernal , 2004b ; bernal , 2004a ; eisenberg and redford , 1999 ; emmons and helgen , 2013 ; izor and de la torre , 1978 ; llano , et al . , 2010 ; mckelvey , et al . , 2007 ; mesa - gonzalez , 2006 ; rageot and albuja , 1994 ; schreiber , et al . , 1989 ; youngman , 1982 )
little is known about predation on or anti - predator adaptations in this species . however , their coloration likely helps them blend in with the environment .
( bernal , 2004b ; bernal , 2004a ; eisenberg and redford , 1999 ; hollister , 1914 ; izor and peterson , 1985 ; izor and de la torre , 1978 ; llano , et al . , 2010 ; mesa - gonzalez , 2006 ; rageot and albuja , 1994 ; schreiber , et al . , 1989 ; youngman , 1982 )
(
mustela
, 2013 ; alberico , 1994 ; anderson and martinez - meyer , 2003 ; eisenberg and redford , 1999 ; emmons and helgen , 2013 ; hijmans , et al . , 2005 ; hollister , 1914 ; mckelvey , et al . , 2007 ; mesa - gonzalez , 2006 ; nowak , 2005 ; rageot and albuja , 1994 ; youngman , 1982 )
( emmons and helgen , 2013 ; hijmans , et al . , 2005 ; hollister , 1914 ; hunter , 2011 ; llano , et al . , 2010 ; mesa - gonzalez , 2006 ; schreiber , et al . , 1989 ; youngman , 1982 )
( alberico , 1994 ; anderson and martinez - meyer , 2003 ; emmons and helgen , 2013 ; hijmans , et al . , 2005 ; mesa - gonzalez , 2006 ; youngman , 1982 )
kirsten wesner ( author ) , university of wisconsin - stevens point , christopher yahnke ( editor ) , university of wisconsin - stevens point , tanya dewey ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor , shaina stewart ( editor ) , university of wisconsin - stevens point .
living in the southern part of the new world . in other words , central and south america .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
having markings , coloration , shapes , or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment ; being difficult to see or otherwise detect .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
referring to something living or located adjacent to a waterbody ( usually , but not always , a river or stream ) .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
2013 .
iucn red list of threatened species .
( on - line ) . accessed august 10 , 2013 at urltoken .
2013 .
mustela
( on - line ) . accessed august 18 , 2013 at urltoken .
anderson , r . , e . martinez - meyer . 2003 . modelling species’ geo - graphic distributions for preliminary conservation assessments : an implementation with the spiny pocket mice ( heteromys ) of ecuador .
bernal , e . 2004 . plan de desarrollo chivatá - boyacá . alcaldía municipal de chivatá .
emmons , l . , k . helgen . 2013 . iucn red list of threatened species .
hijmans , r . , s . cameron , j . parra , p . jones , a . jarvas . 2005 . very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global landareas .
hollister , n . 1914 . . descriptions of four new mammals from tropical america .
izor , r . , n . peterson . 1985 . notes on south american weasels . .
llano , j . , j . salazar , j . agudelo , a . perez , j . hernandez . 2010 . estado de conocimiento de la fauna silvestre en la juridiccion de corantioquia . corporacion autonoma regional del centro de antioquia .
mckelvey , k . , k . aubry , m . schwartz . 2007 . using anecdotal occurrence data for rare or elusive species : the illusion of reality and a call for evidentiary standards . .
mesa - gonzalez , e . 2006 . libro rojo de los mamíferos de colombia .
nowak , r . 2005 . walker’s carnivores of the world . pp . 300 - 355 in
. baltimore , usa and london , uk . : johns hopkins university press .
schreiber , a . , r . wirth , m . riffel , h . van rompaey . 1989 . weasels , civets , mongooses , and their relatives . an action plan for the conservation of mustelids and viverrids .
youngman , p . 1982 . distribution and systematics of the european mink mustela lutreola linnaeus .
to cite this page : wesner , k . 2014 .
mustela felipei
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
andienkärppä
to
mustela felipei izor and de la torre , 1978
.
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
kolumbiankärppä
to
mustela felipei izor and de la torre , 1978
.
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metadiaptomus is a genus of crustacean in the family diaptomidae , containing the following species : metadiaptomus aethiopicus ( daday , 1910 ) metadiaptomus alluaudi ( guerne & richard , 1890 ) metadiaptomus asiaticus ( ulyanin , 1875 ) metadiaptomus capensis ( g. o. sars , 1907 ) metadiaptomus chevreuxi ( guerne & richard , 1895 ) metadiaptomus colonialis ( douwe , 1914 ) metadiaptomus gauthieri brehm , 1949 metadiaptomus lobulifer ( rylov , 1927 ) metadiaptomus mauretanicus kiefer & roy , 1942 metadiaptomus meridianus ( douwe , 1912 ) metadiaptomus purcelli ( g. o. sars , 1907 ) metadiaptomus transvaalensis methuen , 1910 metadiaptomus vandouwei ( kiefer , 1930 )

metadiaptomus

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information on metadiaptomus capensis is being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
metadiaptomus capensis is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
worms - world register of marine species - metadiaptomus purcelli ( sars g . o . , 1907 )
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updated locality records of species of metadiaptomus and tropodiaptomus on the african continent confirm the generally disjunct distribution of these two taxa as recognised by dumont ( 1980 ) in north africa . distributional data for southern africa reveal little range overlap between these two genera . apart from two south western cape taxa , species of metadiaptomus are largely confined to upland , higher latitude , semi - arid or arid warm subtemperate regions , while species of tropodiaptomus generally occupy moist , lower - lying , lower latitude subtropical regions . separation along latitudinal and / or altitudinal axes implicates temperature as a controlling factor , while separation on the precipitation axis suggests the importance of habitat permanence . using a multiple regression equation derived for african waters to predict water temperature from latitude and altitude , it is shown that the two genera tend to separate around the 20 °c mean annual temperature isotherm . additional factors influencing distribution ( habitat permanence , water quality , competition and predation ) are discussed .
walter , t . c . & boxshall , g . ( 2018 ) . world of copepods database .
walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of paradiaptomus colonialis ( douwe , 1914 ) ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of diaptomus colonialis douwe , 1914 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of paradiaptomus asiaticus ( ulyanin , 1875 ) ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of diaptomus asiaticus uljanin , 1875 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of diaptomus purcelli sars g . o . , 1907 ) sars , g . o . ( 1907 ) . on two new species of the genus diaptomus from south africa . archiv för matematik og naturvidenskab , christiana 28 ( 8 ) : 1 - 17 , pls . 1 - 2 . [ details ]
( of diaptomus purcelli sars g . o . , 1907 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
depth range based on 8 specimens in 4 taxa . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 52 - 52 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
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matthew bird freshwater research unit zoology dept university of cape town 7707 rhodes gift western cape south africa tel : + 27 721760102 matthew . bird @ urltoken
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allanson , b . r . , r . c . hart , j . h . o ' keeffe & r . d . robarts , 1990 . inland waters of southern africa : an ecological perspective . kluwer academic publishers , dordrecht , 458 pp .
bailey , h . p . , 1960 . a method of determining the warmth and temperateness of climate . geogr . annaler , 42 : 1–16 .
băanăarescu , r . , 1990 . zoogeography of fresh waters , 1 . general distribution and dispersal of freshwater animals . aula - verlag , wiesbaden , 511 pp .
begon , m . , j . l . harper & c . r . reynolds , 1990 . ecology . individuals , populations and communities . 2nd edn . , blackwell scientific publications , boston , 945 pp .
burgis , m . j . & j . j . symoens ( eds ) , 1987 . african wetlands and shallow water bodies . directory . orstom , paris . travaux et documents no . 211 , 650 pp .
dumont , h . j . , 1980 . zooplankton and the science of biogeography : the example of africa . in w . c . kerfoot ( ed . ) , evolution and ecology of zooplankton communities . the university press of new england , hanover ( n . h . ) ; lond . : 685–696 .
dumont , h . j . & h . m . verheye , 1984 . the nature and origin of the crustacean zooplankton of sahelian africa , with a note on the limnomedusa . hydrobiologia 113 : 313–325 .
dussart , b . , 1989 . crustacés copépodes calanoïdes des eaux intérieures africaines . crustaceana , supplement 15 : 1–205 .
dussart , b . & d . defaye , 1983 . répertoire mondial des crustacés copépodes des eaux intérieures . i . calanoïdes . c . n . r . s . , paris , 224 pp .
green , j . , 1990 . zooplankton associations in zimbabwe . j . zool . , lond . 222 : 259–283 .
hart , r . c . , 1985 . seasonality of aquatic invertebrates in lowlatitude and southern hemisphere inland waters . hydrobiologia 125 : 151–178 .
hutchinson , g . e . , 1967 . a treatise on limnology , 2 . j . wiley & sons , n . y . , 1115 pp .
hutchinson , g . e . , g . e . pickford & j . f . m . schuurman , 1932 . a contribution to the hydrobiology of pans and other inland waters of south africa . arch . hydrobiol . 24 : 1–154 .
labarbera , m . c . & p . kilham , 1974 . the chemical ecology of copepod distribution in the lakes of east and central africa . limnol . oceanogr . 19 : 459–465 .
noble , r . g . & j . hemens , 1978 . inland water ecosystems in south africa — a review of research needs . south african national scientific programmes report 34 : 1–150 .
rayner , n . a . , 1990 . the freshwater diaptomidae ( calanoida : copepoda ) of southern africa . unpublished ph . d . thesis , university of natal , pietermaritzburg , 219 pp .
rayner , n . a . & j . heeg , 1994 . distribution patterns of the diaptomidae ( calanoida : copepoda ) in southern africa . hydrobiologia 272 / dev . hydrobiol . 92 : 47–75 .
straškraba , m . , 1980 . the effects of physical variables on freshwater production : analyses based on models . in e . d . le cren & r . h . lowe - mcconnell ( eds ) , the functioning of freshwater ecosystems . cambridge university press , london : 13–84 .
stuckenberg , b . r . , 1969 . effective temperature as an ecological factor in southern africa . zool . afr . 4 : 145–197 .
van schalkwyk , d . j . & r . d . walmsley , 1984 . prediction of surface water temperature of south african impoundments . j . limnol . soc . sth . afr . 10 : 57–61 .
walmsley , r . d . & m . butty ( eds ) , 1980 . limnology of some selected south african impoundments . water research commission and national institute for water research collaborative report , v & r printing works , pretoria , 229 pp .
williams , w . d . , ( 1988 ) limnological imbalances : an antipodean viewpoint . freshwat . biology 20 : 407–420 .


the wingspan is about 18 mm .

the hindwings are brownish gray .

asaphocrita sciaphilella

this is the place for sciaphilella definition . you find here sciaphilella meaning , synonyms of sciaphilella and images for sciaphilella copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word sciaphilella . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word sciaphilella and , of course , sciaphilella synonyms and on the right images related to the word sciaphilella .
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asaphocrita sciaphilella is a moth in the blastobasidae family . it is found in the united states , including kentucky , texas and california .
asaphocrita sciaphilella ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 711
asaphocrita protypica meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 6 ) : 178
asaphocrita obsoletella is a moth in the blastobasidae family which is endemic to finland .
asaphocrita erae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita reginae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita alogiae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita speie is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita fidei is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita furciferae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita stellae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita umbrae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita gazae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita gerrulae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita viraginis is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita laminae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita lucis is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita lunae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita vitae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita magae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita maximae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita aulae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita aurae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita opellae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita blattae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita amatricis is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita pallae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita catenae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita animulae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita cenae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita arcis is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita collyrae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita coronae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita deae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita planetae is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita quietis is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita rationis is a moth in the blastobasidae family that is endemic to costa rica .
asaphocrita aphidiella ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 709
asaphocrita estriatella ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 710
asaphocrita fuscopurpurella ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 711
asaphocrita irenica ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 711
asaphocrita pineae ; adamski , 1999 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 101 ( 3 ) : 695
asaphocrita busckiella ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 710 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
asaphocrita plagiatella ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 711 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
asaphocrita plummerella ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 711 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
asaphocrita protypica ; [ nacl ] , # 1170 ; [ nhm card ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 711
biostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .
= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 709
missouri , pennsylvania , massachusetts , new hampshire , new york , mayrland , s . ontario , nova scotia . see [ maps ]
: pensylvania , hazleton , charleroi ; canada , toronto ; maryland , plummers is .
= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 710
holcocera busckiella dietz , 1910 ; trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 36 , pl . 2 , f . 19 ; tl : maryland , plummers is .
catacrypsis irenica walsingham , 1907 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 33 ( 1567 ) : 208 ; tl : mendocino co . , mouth of albion r . , california ; british columbia , new westminster
holcocera pineae amsel , 1962 ; z . ang . ent . 49 : 397
holcocera plagiatella dietz , 1910 ; trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 40 , pl . 3 , f . 20 ; tl : arizona , williams
blastobasis plummerella dietz , 1910 ; trans . am . ent . soc . 36 : 8 , pl . 1 , f . 4 ; tl : plummers is . , maryland
= ; [ nacl ] , # 1212 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 711
= ; adamski & hodges , 1996 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 98 : 711
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ spl ] varis , v . ( ed ) , ahola , m . , albrecht , a . , jalava , j . , kaila , l . , kerppola , s . , kullberg , j . , 1995
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
zeller , 1873 beiträge zur kenntniss der nordamerikanischen nachtfälter , besonders der microlepidopteren ( 2 ) verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 201 - 334 , pl . 3 - 4
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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the wingspan is about 18 mm . the forewings are tawny vinous gray with a purplish sheen . the hindwings are brownish gray .
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