pentagonaster pulchellus , commonly known as the biscuit star is a species of starfish found in new zealand , where it is common in cook strait and around the south island .

also recorded from the chatham islands and from the campbell plateau down to the snares islands .

pentagonaster pulchellus

cryptoconchus porosus butterfly chiton and common biscuit star pentagonaster pulchellus , new zealand . | molluscs & sea snails | pinterest
remark type species : pentagonaster pulchellus gray , 1840 by monotypy ( rowe & gates , 1995 ) . [ details ]
species pentagonaster crassimanus ( möbius , 1859 ) accepted as pentagonaster duebeni gray , 1847 ( synonym according to a . m . clark ( 1953 ) )
species pentagonaster gunni perrier , 1875 accepted as pentagonaster duebeni gray , 1847 ( a forma according to a . m . clark ( 1953 ) . )
species pentagonaster hispidus ( m . sars , 1872 ) accepted as poraniomorpha ( poraniomorpha ) hispida ( m . sars , 1872 )
species pentagonaster meridionalis ( e . a . smith , 1879 ) accepted as odontaster meridionalis ( e . a . smith , 1876 )
species pentagonaster validus bell , 1884 accepted as goniodiscaster pleyadella ( lamarck , 1816 ) ( synonym according to h . l . clark ( 1921 ) )
species pentagonaster astrologorum ( muller & troschel , 1842 ) accepted as tosia australis gray , 1840 ( a forma according to a . m . clark ( 1953 ) . )
species pentagonaster auratus ( gray , 1847 ) accepted as tosia magnifica ( muller & troschel , 1842 ) ( synonym according to a . m . clark ( 1953 ) )
species pentagonaster grandis ( gray , 1847 ) accepted as tosia magnifica ( muller & troschel , 1842 ) ( synonym according to a . m . clark ( 1953 ) )
species pentagonaster crassus perrier , 1885 accepted as ceramaster grenadensis ( perrier , 1881 ) ( synonym according to downey ( 1973 ) and halpern ( 1970 , phd dissertation ) . )
species pentagonaster deplasi perrier , 1885 accepted as ceramaster grenadensis ( perrier , 1881 ) ( synonym according to downey ( 1973 ) and halpern ( 1970 , phd dissertation ) . )
species pentagonaster elongatus perrier , 1885 accepted as paragonaster subtilis ( perrier , 1881 ) ( synonym according to downey ( 1973 ) and halpern ( 1970 , phd dissertation ) . )
species pentagonaster gosselini perrier , 1885 accepted as ceramaster grenadensis ( perrier , 1881 ) ( synonym according to downey ( 1973 ) and halpern ( 1970 , phd dissertation ) . )
species pentagonaster ornatus ( müller & troschel , 1842 ) accepted as tosia magnifica ( muller & troschel , 1842 ) ( a synonym according to a . m . clark ( 1953 ) )
species pentagonaster ternalis perrier , 1881 accepted as dorigona ternalis ( perrier , 1885 ) accepted as nymphaster arenatus ( perrier , 1881 ) ( synonym of n . arenatus according to halpern ( 1970 ) )
species pentagonaster tubercularis ( gray , 1847 ) accepted as tosia australis gray , 1840 ( a synonym of tosia nobilis ( = t . australis ) according to a . m . clark ( 1953 ) . )
species pentagonaster lepidus sladen , 1889 accepted as hoplaster spinosus perrier in milne - edwards , 1882 ( synonym according to verrill ( 1899 ) and confirmed by a . m . clark in gage et al . ( 1983 ) )
mah , c . ( 2007 ) . systematics , phylogeny and historical biogeography of the pentagonaster clade ( asteroidea : valvatida : goniasteridae . invertebrate systematics . 21 : 311 - 339 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of pentagonaster abnormalis gray , 1866 ) gray , j . e . ( 1866 ) . synopsis of the species of starfish in the british museum ( with figures of some of the new species ) . 18pp , 16 plates . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 11 [ details ]
gray , j . e . ( 1840 ) . xxxii . a synopsis of the genera and species of the class hypostoma ( asterias , linnaeus ) . annals of the magazine of natural history . 6 : 275 - 290 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 280 [ details ]
( of stephanaster ayres , 1851 ) ayres , w . o . ( 1851 ) . stephanaster ayres . proceedings of the boston society of natural history . 4 : 118 - 119 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 118 - 119 [ details ]
( of buterminaster blake in blake & zinsmeister , 1988 ) blake , d . b . and zinsmeister , w . j . ( 1988 ) . eocene asteroids ( echinodermata ) from seymour island , antarctic peninsula . geological society of america memoir . 169 : 489 - 498 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 495 [ details ]
integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
clark , a . m . ( 1993 ) . an index of names of recent asteroidea , part 2 : valvatida , in : jangoux , m . ; lawrence , j . m . ( ed . ) ( 1993 ) . echinoderm studies , 4 : pp . 187 - 366 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of stephanaster ayres , 1851 ) hansson , h . g . ( 2001 ) . echinodermata , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , . 50 : pp . 336 - 351 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of stephanaster ayres , 1851 ) rowe , f . w . e & gates , j . ( 1995 ) . echinodermata . in ‘zoological catalogue of australia’ . 33 ( ed a . wells . ) pp xiii + 510 ( csiro australia , melbourne . ) [ details ]
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( of stephanaster elegans ayres , 1851 ) ayres , w . o . ( 1851 ) . stephanaster ayres . proceedings of the boston society of natural history . 4 : 118 - 119 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 118 [ details ]
( of astrogonium abnormale ( gray , 1866 ) ) gray , j . e . ( 1866 ) . synopsis of the species of starfish in the british museum ( with figures of some of the new species ) . 18pp , 16 plates . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 11 [ details ]
clark , h . e . s . and mcknight , d . g . ( 2001 ) . the marine fauna of new zealand : echinodermata : asteroidea ( sea - stars ) order valvatida . niwa biodiversity memoir . 117 : 1 - 270 . [ details ]
mah , c . l . ; mcknight , d . g . ; eagle , m . k . ; pawson , d . l . ; améziane , n . ; vance , d . j . ; baker , a . n . ; clark , h . e . s . ; davey , n . ( 2009 ) . phylum echinodermata : sea stars , brittle stars , sea urchins , sea cucumbers , sea lilies . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) ( 2009 ) . new zealand inventory of biodiversity : 1 . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . pp . 371 - 400 . [ details ]
( of astrogonium abnormale ( gray , 1866 ) ) sladen , w . p . ( 1889 ) . report on the asteroidea . report on the scientific results of the voyage of h . m . s . challenger during the years 1873 - 1876 , zoology . 30 ( 51 ) : xlii + 893 pages 118 plates . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 748 [ details ]
stiff five armed star . very variable colour and pattern .
cells
on the upper surface ringed with cream or white
pimples
.
cells
can be any colour ranging from cream to brick red . large plates on the edge of the arms with the ones at the tips being bulbous .
occurrence describes how often the species is found on surveys within its distribution . it is calculated as the % of reef sites surveyed by rls divers across all the ecoregions in which the species has been observed
abundance is calculated as the average number of individuals recorded per rls transect , where present .
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nz geo region › south is geo region › otago geo region ml4385 ( preferred ) nz geo region / south is geo region / otago geo region ( short name ) off oamaru , from beach down . cast up ones have inflated terminal plates . never found any alive in tidal area . found any alive on tidal area collection method : trawl collected by : graham , j .
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when is a fish not a fish ? answer : when it’s a starfish , a jellyfish , a crayfish , a shellfish or a blackfish ! we seem to like calling marine animals ‘fish’ regardless of whether they are or not . hundreds of years ago , marine mammals were thought to be fish , so calling a pilot whale a blackfish was understandable . but the others are clearly not fish , though there are fisheries for many of them ( including jellyfish in some places ! ) . these days , we are gradually replacing inappropriate names with better ones . crayfish are now called rock lobsters , and starfish are usually called sea stars .
some sea stars are large and predatory . the seven - armed sea star ( astrostole scabra ) grows to over 40 cm across . it is easily recognised by its colour – the upper surface is greyish - purple , and its numerous tube feet are bright orange . seven - armed sea stars , and their cousins the 11 - armed sea stars ( coscinasterias muricata ) , are voracious , highly mobile predators that specialise in catching or forcing open molluscs such as paua and mussels . paua don’t often move very fast , but i recently saw a yellow - foot paua ( haliotis australis ) being chased ( in a slow motion kind of way ) out of a crevice and across a rock by a roving seven - arm star .
sea stars move , capture their prey , and force open shells using their tube feet , which are driven by an amazing hydraulic system . water is drawn into the body through a filter plate ( madreporite ) which is visible as a different - looking , often pale , plate on the upper surface . the water is pumped through a system of canals running around the mouth and along the arms . the tube feet , which are housed in grooves on the underside of each arm ( yes , their feet are inside their arms ! ) , extend as the water pressure increases . when the tube feet touch a shell or rock surface , the sea star pumps water out of the canals creating a slight vacuum , which turns the tips of the feet into minute suction cups . large sea stars can exert high pressures with their tube feet over several hours , enabling them to slowly overpower the muscles of their prey , and prise them open or off the rocks . no wonder that yellow - foot paua was motoring away !
sea stars ( not starfish ) are built on a five rayed plan , although some stars have many more than five arms . their skin is set with limy plates and the mouth is underneath in the centre of the arms .
all may be found in wellington waters . thanks to niwa ' s kate neill for her insights on reef star arms .
habitat : open , exposed , rocky coasts . around wellington harbour they are abundant near burnham wharf and the shelly bay wharf .
identification : a large star which reaches a span of about 35 cm . the number of arms varies but there are usually ten , eleven or twelve . colour varies from brown to grey .
identification : the colour varies , but may be red , mottled green , or grey . although the usual number of arms is five , occasional examples are found with four or even as many as eight arms .
identification : the colour pattern varies from tinted red through orange to grey or even light purple . the body is very stiff and the whole rim is lined with large , solid plates .
brittlestars vary from true sea stars in that they have a small , round , central disc from which the arms radiate . the arms can break easily if the animal is disturbed , but they will grow back again . the snakestail star ( pectinura maculata ) is the largest brittle star in new zealand growing to approximately 350 mm across .
habitat : observed at depths between 5 and 30 metres . noted in a crevice in breaker bay , at princess bay , and at 30 metres on a reef 1 km off lyall bay . two of them live at the sirens .
identification : a fat , red , cushion - like starfish covered in white pom - poms .
general : uri seems to be fairly rare and has been recorded officially about eleven times , not counting my sightings . the marine lab at island bay would welcome any uri reports ( not collected animals ) . valuable details would include location , depth and what it was living on .
i have been keeping an eye on one in a cave at the sirens for over a year now . i missed the cave one day and swam a bit farther than normal , but found uri grazing on some weed . on the way back i found the cave i had been looking for . when i went in for a nosey , my original friend was still in there . uri just seems to move from one side of the cave to the other over the course of about three months . i find it intriguing that two rare sea stars happen to live near to the marine lab .


carabus catenulatus is a species of beetle endemic to europe , where it is observed in bosnia and herzegovina , mainland italy , slovenia , and switzerland .

carabus catenulatus

no one has contributed data records for carabus catenulatus yet . learn how to contribute .
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museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken
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© carabidae of the world , 2007 - 2018 © a team of authors , in in : anichtchenko a . et al . , ( editors ) 2007 - 2018
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scopoli , j . a . 1763 . entomologia carniolica exhibens insecta carnioliæ indigena et distributa in ordines , genera , species , varietates . methodo linnæana . - pp . [ 1 - 35 ] , 1 - 420 , [ 1 ] . vindobonae . ( trattner ) .
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the basic data of this taxon were entered by hand , consulting the original description , and following animalbase standard .
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oliva reticularis , common name the netted olive , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family olividae , the olives .

oliva reticularis

( of oliva reticularis reticularis lamarck , 1811 ) vervaet f . & recourt p . pers . com . , january 2010 [ details ]
( of oliva reticularis ernesti petuch , 1990 ) vervaet f . & recourt p . pers . com . , january 2010 [ details ]
1934 _ - _ clench _ - _ a _ new _ subspecies _ of _ oliva _ reticularis _ from _ southern _ florida . pdf
( of oliva reticularis ernesti petuch , 1990 ) hunon c . , hoarau a . & robin a . ( 2009 ) olividae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) revue exhaustive des espèces récentes du genre oliva / a complete survey of recent species of the genus oliva
oliva ( oliva ) vermiculata gray , j . e . , 1858 : aruba ; curaçao
( of oliva reticularis reticularis lamarck , 1811 ) lamarck [ j . b . m . de ] . ( 1811 ) . suite de la détermination des espèces de mollusques testacés . annales du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 16 : 300 - 328 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : page 314 , species 16 . [ details ]
oliva sayana ravenel , 1834 lettered olive oliva sayana ravenel , 1834 corded form . large specimen . corded specimen . . . oliva sayana ravenel , 1834 - orange form . gold [ form citrina johnson , 1911 ]
( of oliva reticularis ernesti petuch , 1990 ) petuch e . j . ( 1990 ) . a new molluscan faunule from the caribbean coast of panama . the nautilus . 104 ( 2 ) : 57 - 71 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
oliva sayana citrina oliva sayana citrina . johnson , 1911 , citrine olive . taxonomic information . class , gastropoda . order , caenogastropoda . superfamily , volutacea
oliva sayana oliva sayana . ravenel , 1834 , lettered olive , se usa . taxonomic information . class , gastropoda . order , caenogastropoda . superfamily , volutacea
the paleobiology database family , olividae , latreille 1825 . genus , oliva , bruguière 1789 . species , sayana taxonomic history . no taxonomic history is available for oliva sayana .
sanibel shells : bailey - matthews shell museum video clip of live oliva sayana taken from mollusks in action video . return to oliva sayana . © the bailey - matthews shell museum .
lettered olive : oliva sayana kingdom : animal phylum : molluscs class : gastropoda order : family : genus : oliva species : sayana . description : . lettered olive , photo by david byres
lettered olive seashells oliva sayana oliva sayana commonly found along the west coast florida . if found live or fresh dead the shell can have a great shiny luster . this often fades as the shell
oliva ( strephona ) finlayi petuch , e . j . & d . m . sargent , 1986 : cuba
oliva ( strephona ) antillensis petuch , e . j . & d . m . sargent , 1986 : haiti ; virgins
( of oliva formosa marrat , 1870 ) vervaet f . & recourt p . pers . com . , january 2010 [ details ]
state shell - lettered olive urltoken lettered olive shell , the lettered olive , oliva sayana , was designated the official shell of the state by act no . 360 , 1984 .
south carolina symbols , shell : lettered olive the lettered olive , oliva sayana , was designated the official shell of the state by act no . 360 , 1984 . dr . edmund ravenel of charleston , south carolina
rosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garcía , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579–699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
lamarck [ j . b . m . de ] . ( 1811 ) . suite de la détermination des espèces de mollusques testacés . annales du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 16 : 300 - 328 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : page 314 , species 16 . [ details ]
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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f + + + , extremely nice specimen found by p . williams ! rare !
the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .
photos of the lettered olive , scientific classification and general information on habitat and range . .
these are photographs of my lettered olive collection . to date , i do not own any of the brown olive species ( it is not noted to commonly wash onshore ) . it ' s beautiful marble - like appearance makes it one of my favorite shells .
unusually dark variety found on the beach . enlarge images to 320 pixels by clicking thumbnails
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lamarck [ j . b . m . de ] . ( 1811 ) . suite de la détermination des espèces de mollusques testacés . < em > annales du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . < / em > 16 : 300 - 328 .


the mitred horseshoe bat ( rhinolophus mitratus ) is a species of bat in the family rhinolophidae .

it is endemic to india ( jharkhand ) .

this species is listed as ' data deficient ' on the iucn red list of threatened species .

it is only known from a single specimen collected and described in 1844 .

mitred horseshoe bat

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the bushveld horseshoe bat ( rhinolophus simulator ) is a species of bat in the family rhinolophidae .
rhinolophus ziama ( ziama horseshoe bat ) is a species of bat in the rhinolophidae family . it is found in guinea , liberia , and sierra leone . its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests . it is threatened by habitat loss .
this west african bat is known from two localities in the guinea highlands ( c . 600 m asl ) of southeast guinea ( ziama forest ) and north - west liberia ( wonegizi mountains ) ( fahr et al . 2002 ) . surrounding areas have been surveyed but the species has not been found elsewhere .
it is not known if the species is present in any protected areas . there is a need to protect suitable areas of forest habitat for this species , and to initiate appropriate bat conservation awareness programmes among local people . in addition , further studies are needed into the distribution , abundance , natural history , and threats to this species .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
earlier included under r . philippinensis waterhouse , 1843 ( dobson 1876 , tate and archbold 1939 ) . sinha ( 1973 ) and csorba et al . 2003 regarded it to be more similar to r . pearsonii hodgson , 1851 . simmons ( 2005 ) treats it as distinct species under the trifoliatus species - group .
this species is assessed as data deficient as there is no new information regarding this species since its first description in 1844 based on a single specimen . its taxonomic status is highly doubtful .
this species is endemic to india . it is presently known only from the type locality , chaibassa in jharkhand ( molur et al . 2002 ) , at an elevation of 300 m . recent surveys by y . p . sinha did not yield any new records of this species from the type locality ( molur et al . 2002 ) .
nothing is known about the habitat or ecology of this species ( molur et al . 2002 ) . it might be a cave roosting species , but this needs to be confirmed .
the threats to this species remain unknown ( molur et al . 2002 ) .
very little is known about this species , hence surveys , ecological studies and habitat evaluation are recommended ( molur et al . 2002 ) .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
it is found in botswana , cameroon , ivory coast , ethiopia , guinea , kenya , liberia , malawi , mozambique , nigeria , south africa , south sudan , swaziland , tanzania , zambia , and zimbabwe .
its natural habitats are moist savanna , caves , and subterranean habitats ( other than caves ) . it is threatened by habitat loss .
jacobs , d . , cotterill , f . w . , taylor , p . & monadjem , a . 2004 . rhinolophus simulator . 2006 iucn red list of threatened species . downloaded on 30 july 2007 .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 11 / 11 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
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this species is associated with both montane and lowland tropical moist forest . the guinea specimens were captured in a secondary forest close to primary forest , while the liberian specimen was captured in upland
undisturbed high forest
( fahr et al . 2002 ) . the day roosts of this species are not known , although it is suspected to roost as small colonies in caves , mine shafts and similar habitats ( fahr et al . 2002 ) .
hutson , a . m . , racey , p . a . ( chiroptera red list authority ) & cox , n . ( global mammal assessment team )
listed as endangered because its extent of occurrence is less than 5 , 000 km , all individuals appear likely to be in fewer than five locations , and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat .
the species is threatened by deforestation of its habitat , largely through logging and mining operations , and conversion of land to agricultural use . it is also considered possible that the species could be threatened by overharvesting for subsistence food in the future .
decher , j . , r . w . norris , and j . fahr . 2010 . small mammal survey in the upper seli river valley , sierra leone . mammalia , 74 : 163 - 176 .
fahr , j . 2004 . rhinolophus ziama . 2006 iucn red list of threatened species . downloaded on 30 july 2007 .
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tholera decimalis , the feathered gothic , is a species of moth of the family noctuidae .

it is found in europe and scandinavia then through the palearctic to asia minor , western central asia , southern siberia and in north africa .

tholera decimalis

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feathered gothic ( tholera decimalis ) - norfolk moths - the macro and micro moths of norfolk .
tholera cespitis , the hedge rustic , is a species of moth of the noctuidae family . it is found through the palearctic from europe to the altai mountains of siberia .
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gaden s . robinson , phillip r . ackery , ian j . kitching , george w . beccaloni and luis m . hernández
hosts brings together an enormous body of information on what the world ' s butterfly and moth ( lepidoptera ) caterpillars eat . the web - based version presented here offers a synoptic data set drawn from about 180 , 000 records comprising taxonomically ' cleaned ' hostplant data for about 22 , 000 lepidoptera species drawn from about 1600 published and manuscript sources . it is not ( and cannot be ) exhaustive , but it is probably the best and most comprehensive compilation of hostplant data available .
we hope that it will be useful to a wide range of biologists and that it will act as a spur to further recording and analysis of caterpillar - plant interactions .
hosts can be searched in two ways , using text search and drill - down search modes .
in text search mode , use either lepidoptera or hostplant criteria or a combination of the two . hosts operates only using scientific names . it is not possible to search for the hostplants of the red admiral butterfly but a search for hostplants using its scientific name , vanessa atalanta , will be successful . enter the generic name ( vanessa ) in the - lepidoptera criteria - genus box ; enter atalanta in the species : box ; click search .
hint : leave the ' starts with ' command as the default and in the species entry box omit the last few letters of the species - name ( eg , atalant ) . this will get around the problem of variable gender - endings . hosts uses original orthography of species - group names as far as possible , but some checklists follow the convention of altering the species - group name to accord with the presumed gender of the generic name ( eg flava , flavus ) .
restrict or refine searches using additional criteria ; choosing ' usa ' from the drop - down location box and entering [ starts with ] ' urt ' in the hostplant family box will return hostplant records of vanessa atalanta from urticaceae in the usa .
hint : restricting location may deliver a very incomplete subset of records : in the previous example all records specified as from the nearctic region ( usa + canada ) would be missed .
the preliminary search results pages give family , genus and species of the caterpillar and its hostplant . note that many hostplants are recorded as a plant genus only . clicking the caterpillar name will give the full record . the full record listing gives , additionally , the author of the lepidoptera species , subspecific information on the insect and the plant , if available , together with details of larval damage . laboratory rearings where the food utilised may not be the natural hostplant are indicated . the status of the record ( whether considered true , erroneous or suspect ) is not currently implemented in this version of hosts .
leguminosae ( c ) - caesalpinioideae . leguminosae ( m ) - mimosoideae . leguminosae ( p ) - papilionoideae .
detailed published compilations from hosts are available in press . these books give greater detail than the website , together with comprehensive cross - indexes , record status and full bibliographies . they are indispensable tools for naturalists and professional entomologists .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2001 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the oriental region . 744 pp .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2002 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of america north of mexico . 824 pp . [ memoirs of the american entomological institute , volume 69 . ]
gaden robinson was responsible for the overall project design and management of the hosts database , and for records of lepidoptera exclusive of butterflies and bombycoid moths . phillip ackery and george beccaloni were responsible for butterfly data , including data drawn from card catalogues developed by ackery , whilst ian kitching was responsible for hostplant data of bombycoid moths . luis m . hernández was responsible for abstracting in the latter two years of the project and for development of the bibliography for the hardcopy versions of the data .
we are extremely grateful to the many people who contributed their own rearing records of lepidoptera or personal accumulations of data for inclusion in the hosts database , particularly mike bigger ( uk ) , john w . brown ( usa ) , chris conlan ( usa ) , rob ferber ( usa ) , konrad fiedler ( germany ) , jeremy holloway ( uk ) , frank hsu ( usa ) , jurie intachat ( malaysia ) , alec mcclay ( canada ) , bill palmer ( australia ) , pierre plauzoles ( usa ) and the generous individuals who contributed rearing records through the worldwideweb and who are known to us only as an email address .
we are particularly grateful to julian donahue and the los angeles county museum of natural history for allowing us to include data on microlepidoptera from the card catalogue prepared by the late j . a . comstock and c . henne , and for access to manuscript records by noel mcfarland .
marian fricano ( santa clara university ) and aileen giovanello ( clark university , international internship 1996 ) made substantial contributions of abstracted data ; fran love ( north carolina ) painstakingly checked scanned texts and reformatted them for import to paradox .
we are indebted to all our helpers for their diligence , accuracy and patience , and for their unswerving faith that this daunting project would reach a conclusion .
we thank the trustees of the loke wan tho memorial foundation for their generous support for this project .
robinson , g . s . , p . r . ackery , i . j . kitching , g . w . beccaloni & l . m . hernández , 2010 . hosts - a database of the world ' s lepidopteran hostplants . natural history museum , london . urltoken . ( accessed : 18 aug . 2010 ) .
brummitt , r . k . 1992 . vascular plant families and genera . [ vi ] + 804 pp . , royal botanic gardens , kew .
kartesz , j . t . 1994 . a synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the unites states , canada and greenland . timber press , portland . 1 , checklist , lxi + 622 pp ; 2 , thesaurus , vii + 816 pp .
kitching , i . j . & cadiou , j . - m . 2000 . hawkmoths of the world : an annotated and illustrated revsionary checklist . xx + 500 pp . , cornell university press , ithaca .
kitching , i . j . & rawlins , j . e . 1999 . the noctuoidea . pp . 355 - 401 . in : kristensen , n . p . ( ed . ) lepidoptera , moths and butterflies . 1 . evolution , systematics and biogeography . handbook of zoology , 4 ( 35 ) . lepidoptera . x + 491 pp . de gruyter , berlin .
letourneau , d . k . , hagen , j . a . & robinson , g . s . 2001 . bt crops : evaluating benefits under cultivation and risks from escaped transgenes in the wild . pp . 33 - 98 . in : letourneau , d . k . & burrows , b . e . ( eds ) , genetically engineered organisms : assessing environmental and human health effects . [ viii ] + 438 pp . , crc press , boca raton .
mabberley , d . j . 1987 . the plant book . a portable dictionary of the higher plants . xii + 707 pp . , cambridge university press . [ the 1993 reprint edition is currently used in editing . ]
nielsen , e . s . , edwards , e . d . & rangsi , t . v . ( eds ) 1996 . checklist of the lepidoptera of australia . monographs on australian lepidoptera . 4 . xiv + 529 pp . , csiro , melbourne .
nye , i . w . b . ( ed . ) 1975 - 91 . the generic names of moths of the world . 1 : 568 pp . ( noctuoidea ( part ) - nye , i . w . b . , 1975 ) ; 2 : xiv + 228 pp . ( noctuoidea ( part ) - watson , a . , fletcher , d . s . & nye , i . w . b . , 1980 ) ; 3 : xx + 243 pp . ( geometroidea - fletcher , d . s . , 1979 ) ; 4 : xiv + 192 pp . ( bombycoidea to zygaenoidea - fletcher , d . s . & nye , i . w . b . , 1982 ) ; 5 : xv + 185 pp . ( pyraloidea - fletcher , d . s . & nye , 1984 ) ; 6 : xxix + 368 pp . ( microlepidoptera - nye , i . w . b . & fletcher , d . s . , 1991 ) . british museum ( natural history ) / the natural history museum , london .
rawlins , j . e . 1984 . mycophagy in lepidoptera . pp . 382 - 483 . in : wheeler , q . & blackwell , m . ( eds ) fungus - insect relationships . perspectives in ecology and evolution . 514 pp . , columbia university press .
robinson , g . s . 1999 . hosts - a database of the hostplants of the world ' s lepidoptera . nota lepidopterologica , 22 : 35 - 47 .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2001 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the oriental region . 744 pp . southdene sdn bhd , kuala lumpur .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2002 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of america north of mexico . memoirs of the american entomological institute , 69 : 1 - 824 .
scoble , m . j . ( ed . ) 1999 . a taxonomic catalogue to the geometridae of the world ( insecta : lepidoptera ) . 2 vols . csiro publications , melbourne .
royal botanic garden edinburgh dipterocarpaceae database : http : / / 193 . 62 . 154 . 38 / diptero /
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occupying rough grassland and downland , this moth is widely distributed , though local , over much of britain , and is common in parts .
the adults are on the wing in august and september , when the males in particular are attracted to light .
a grass - feeding species , the young larvae eat the blades , and when more mature , descend to ground level and devour the stems .
ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .
the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .
looking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .
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recorded in 55 ( 80 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1873 . last recorded in 2017 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !
if you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .
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wingspan 32 - 45 mm . a variable , often grey - brown moth well marked with lines and other marks .
a grass - feeding species , the young larvae eat the blades and , when more mature , descend to ground level and devour the stems .
widely distributed over much of britain it can be quite common in some parts . in a recent survey to determine the status of all macro moths in britain this species was classified as common .
fairly common in leicestershire and rutland . l & r moth group status = a ( common and resident )
the wingspan is 34–40 mm . forewing dark earth brown ; lines indistinct ; inner and outer black with paler edges ; submarginal pale , with black wedge - shaped spots before it ; claviform stigma obscure , black - edged ; orbicular roundish , brown with pale ring ; reniform large with paler outline , especially externally ; hindwing whitish , the veins dark ; termen diffusely brownish ; in male white , with termen narrowly grey ; — ab . ferruginea hofm . ( carinthia and the tyrol ) is much paler with a reddish yellow tint .
there is one generation per year with adults on wing from the end of july to september .
larva shining dark brown ; thoracic and anal plates black ; head brown ; dorsal and subdorsal lines narrow , pale yellow ; lateral stripe broader ; spiracles black . the larvae feed on various grasses , including nardus stricta , calamagrostis purpurea , festuca and deschampsia species . larvae can be found from march to july . the species overwinters as an egg .
nesting biology of the solitary digger wasp podalonia affinis ( k . ) ( hymenoptera : sphecidae )
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nesting biology of the solitary digger wasp podalonia affinis ( k . ) ( hymenoptera : sphecidae ) [ 1993 ]
nesting biology of the solitary digger wasp podalonia affinis ( k . ) ( hymenoptera : sphecidae )
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the gothic ( naenia typica ) is a moth of the family noctuidae . it is distributed in temperate eurasia , in the palearctic ecozone , including europe , turkey , iran , caucasus , armenia , transcaucasia , central asia , altai mountains , and west and central siberia .
the forewings are broader than those of most other noctuids , and blackish with a network of fine white lines . the pattern is supposedly reminiscent of some elements of gothic architecture . the hindwings are grey . the species flies at night in june and july in the british isles . it sometimes comes to light but is not generally strongly attracted . by contrast , it is strongly attracted to sugar and flowers .
this species has a wingspan of 36 to 46 mm . forewing brownish fuscous , the veins pale ; edges of the upper stigmata whitish ; the cell blackish ; lines pale with dark edges ; hindwing brownish fuscous . the form issyca püng , from issykkul is redder , and has the termen less crenulate . — brunnea tutt has the ground colour ochreous brown with the veins pale ochreous instead of white .


argyresthia tsuga is a moth of the yponomeutidae family .

it is found in north america , including british columbia .

the larvae feed on tsuga heterophylla .

argyresthia tsuga

the one argyresthia species currently known from southeast alaska is a . tsuga , but there seems to be little information on the internet about the species . there are some other species known from the state ( and moths are not well - studied in southeast alaska to begin with ) , so i don ' t want to be too hasty in drawing conclusions . i do have at least a couple of these collected , however - so perhaps they will get positively identified at some point .
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eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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burara amara , the small green awlet , is a species of hesperid butterfly found in northeast india and southeast asia .

the butterfly has been reassigned to the genus burara by vane-wright and de jong ( 2003 ) and is now burara amara .

burara amara

small green awlet , burara amara ( moore , 1865 ) , [ 4 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] formerly bibasis amara .
burara amara ; huang & xue , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 57 : 145 ( name )
[ thailand ] ismene amara ; godfrey , 1930 : 356 . ( west : me wong ) bibasis amara ; evans , 1949 : 50 . ( siam ) bibasis amara ; pinratana , 1985 : 16 , pl . 3 , fig . 7 , ♂ , ♂ ( un ) , ♂ ( un ) . ( chiang mai / chaiyaphum / ratchaburi / kanchanaburi / chonburi / chanthaburi ) bibasis gomata gomata ; pinratana , 1985 : pl . 3 , fig . 8a , ♂ . ( in part ) burara amara ; ek - amnuay , [ 2007 ] : 724 , pl . 331 , fig . h9 , ♂ , ♂ ( un ) , ♂ , ♂ ( un ) . ( chiang mai / chanthaburi ) burara amara ; chiba , 2009 : 13 , pl . 4 , fig . 11♂ . ( chiang rai / chiang dao / mewong / fang / chantaburi ) burara amara ; kimura et al . , 2011 : 22 , fig . ♂ , ♂ ( un ) . ( chiang dao / kao soi dao / kao khiewo ) burara amara ; ek - amnuay , 2012 : 772 , pl . 355 , fig . h8 , ♂ , ♂ , ♂ ( un ) . ( chiang mai / chanthaburi ) burara amara ; s . sophonviwatkul , c . sunthornwiphat & t . laola , 2015 - : butterflies of thailand , fig . ♂ ( un ) . ( ratchaburi ) [ laos ] burara amara ; masui & uehara , 1994 ; 6 , fig . 44 . ( luang phabang ) burara amara ; osada , uémura & uehara , 1999 ; 221 , pl . 130 , fig . ♂ ( un ) . ( oudomxay ) burara amara ; chiba , 2009 : 13 , pl . 4 , fig . 11♂ . ( laos ) burara amara ; nakamura & wakahara , 2012 ; 56 . [ vietnam ] bibasis amara ; devyatkin & monastyrskii , 1999 ; 155 . ( north : ba be ; cuc phuong ) bibasis amara ; ikeda et al . , 2001b : 58 , figs . 1 : 3♂ , 4♂ ( un ) , 5 : 2 ( ♂genitalia ) . ( cuc phuong ) bibasis amara ; hao et al . , 2004 : 12 . ( cuc phuong ) burara amara ; miyazaki , saito & saito , 2007c ; 41 , fig . h - 135 , ♂ . ( lam dong : dai duc me ) burara amara ; chiba , 2009 : 13 , pl . 4 , fig . 11♂ . ( north / central ) bibasis amara ; monastyrskii & devyatkin , 2015 ; 70 . ( n / c )
ismene amara pindapatra fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 62 ; tl : assam
burara gomata ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burara aphrodite ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burara imperialis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burara oedipodea ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
burara phul ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
burara tuckeri ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
burara gomata radiosa ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burara imperialis imperialis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burara imperialis veteratrix ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burara oedipodea excellens ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
green awlet , burara vasutana moore , 1865 [ 4 ] [ 7 ] [ 13 ] formerly bibasis vasutana .
pale green awlet , burara gomata ( moore , 1865 ) , [ 4 ] [ 6 ] formerly bibasis gomata .
{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . burara amara ( moore , 1865 ) . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 10 , 2018 ] .
plain orange awlet , burara anadi de nicéville , 1883 [ 4 ] [ 7 ] [ 9 ] formerly bibasis anadi .
orange - striped awl , burara jaina ( moore , 1865 ) , [ 4 ] [ 11 ] formerly bibasis jaina .
ismene amara pindapatra fruhstorfer , 1911 : deut . ent . zeit . [ iris ] 25 : 62 . tl . naga ; khasia hills , assam . ( nhml )
orange awlet , burara harisa ( moore , 1865 ) , [ 4 ] [ 7 ] [ 10 ] formerly bibasis harisa .
branded orange awlet , burara oedipodea ( swainson , 1820 ) , [ 4 ] [ 7 ] [ 12 ] formerly bibasis oedipodea .
note : bibasis contains just three diurnal species , of which only one occurs in india ; the crepuscular remainder having been removed to burara . the species now shifted to burara are morphologically and behaviorally distinct from bibasis , within which many authors have formerly included them . [ 3 ]
amara ; ♂ , type ( red ) , h2395 , bengal . ( nhml . examined . ) pindappatra ; ♂ , type ( red ) , h2396 , assam . h . fruhstorfer . ( nhml . examined . )
on : ismene amara moore , [ 1866 ] od : proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 3 ) : 783 . tl : n . e . bengal , india . ( nhml ) distribution : sikkim , assam , myanmar , andamans , thailand , laos , vietnam , hainan .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis amara
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
ismene swainson , 1820 ; zool . illustr . ( 1 ) 1 : pl . 16 ( preocc . ismene savigny , 1816 ) ; ts : ismene oedipodea swainson
bibasis ( coeliadinae ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
ismene gomata moore , [ 1866 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 3 ) : 783 ; tl : darjeeling
gomata radiosa ( plötz , 1885 ) ( ismene ) ; berl . ent . z . 29 ( 2 ) : 232 ; tl : celebes
ismene gomata vajra fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 61 ; tl : java
bibasis iluska ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
bibasis iluska iluska ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
ismene mahintha moore , [ 1875 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1874 ( 4 ) : 575 , pl . 67 , f . 4 ; tl : burma
ismene nestor zonaras fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 63 ; tl : wetter i .
hasora nestor ; piepers & snellen , 1910 , rhop . java [ 2 ] : 14 , pl . 6 , f . 17a - b
ceylon , india - assam , burma , s . vietnam , malaya , philippines . see [ maps ]
goniloba sena moore , [ 1866 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 3 ) : 778 ; tl : bengal
bibasis sena ; moore , [ 1881 ] , lepid . ceylon 1 ( 4 ) : 161 , pl . 65 , f . 3 , 3a ; piepers & snellen , 1910 , rhop . java [ 2 ] : 16 , pl . 6 , f . 21a - b ; [ bir ] , 469 ; [ bow ] : pl . 185 , f . 17 ; [ mrs ] , 693 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
1019x734 ( ~ 77kb ) underside thailand , chantaburi province , khao - khitchakut national park , the krating rivulet valley among the tropical forest above the waterfalls . 6th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin
sri lanka , s . india - burma , thailand , laos , hainan , andamans
bibasis uniformis elwes & edwards , 1897 ; trans . zool . soc . lond . 14 ( 4 ) : 305 , pl . 27 , f . 95 ; tl : java
bibasis sena uniformis ; inoue & kawazoe , 1964 , tyô to ga 15 ( 2 ) : 35 ; [ bmp ] : 333 , pl . 52 , f . 9
bibasis sena senata ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
sikkim - burma , thailand , laos , haina , andamans , s . yunnan . see [ maps ]
bibasis arradi [ sic ? ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 185 , f . 13 ( text )
ismene aphrodite fruhstorfer , 1905 ; soc . ent . 20 ( 18 ) : 141 ; tl : celebes
burma , thailand , laos , vietnam , malay peninsula , singapore , borneo , sumatra , java , palawan , mindanao . see [ maps ]
ismene etelka hewitson , 1867 ; ill . exot . butts [ 5 ] ( ismene i - ii ) : [ 88 ] , pl . [ 44 ] ; tl : sarawak
ismene harisa moore , [ 1866 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 3 ) : 782 ; tl : bengal
ismene harisa asambha fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 61 ; tl : n . vietnam , chieem - hoa
ismene harisa distanti evans , 1932 ; indian butterflies ( edn . 2 ) : 319 ; tl : singapore
bibasis harisa consobrina ; [ bmp ] : 332 , pl . 52 , f . 4 - 6
ismene imperialis plötz , 1886 ; stettin ent . ztg 47 ( 1 - 3 ) : 115 ; tl : celebes
w . ghats , mussoorie - sikkim , assam , burma , n . thailand , vietnam . see [ maps ]
ismene jaina vasundhara fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 59 ; tl : assam
ismene velva evans , 1932 ; indian butterflies ( edn . 2 ) : 318 , no . i . 2 . 9
bibasis jaina velva ; [ bmp ] : 333 , pl . 62 , f . 4
ismene jaina margana fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 60 ; tl : siam , hinlap
ismene jaina formosana fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 59 ; tl : formosa
chaba , assam , burma , indo - china , malay peninsula , sumatra , java , borneo , palawan , philippines , sulawesi . see [ maps ]
ismene oedipodea swainson , 1820 ; zool . illustr . ( 1 ) 1 : pl . 16 ; tl : java
larva on hiptage benghalensis [ mrs ] , combretum , hiptage vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
ismene excellens hopffer , 1874 ; stettin ent . ztg 35 ( 1 - 3 ) : 39 ; tl : celebes
ismene oedipodea [ ? ] athena fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 61 ; tl : thailand
bibasis owstoni eliot , 1980 ; malayan nat . j . 33 ( 3 / 4 ) : 150 , f . 10 , 11 , 15 , 16 ; tl : malaysia , pahang , fraser ' s hill
ismene septentrionis c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 525 , pl . 73 , f . 3 ; tl : china
sri lanka , n . india , malay peninsula , java , borneo , palawan , mindanao , sulawesi , banggai , sula . see [ maps ]
bibasis tuckeri elwes & edwards , 1897 ; trans . zool . soc . lond . 14 ( 4 ) : 293 , pl . 20 ; tl : tavoy , s . burma
larva on hiptage vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
unipuncta lee , 1962 ; acta ent . sin . 11 ( 2 ) : 141 , 146
nepal , sikkim , assam , burma , thailand , laos . see [ maps ]
ismene [ ? ] kanara evans , 1926 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 31 ( 1 ) : 63
bibasis kanara ; [ bow ] : pl . 185 , f . 15 ( text )
ismene fergusonii de nicéville , [ 1893 ] ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 7 ( 3 ) : 345 , pl . j , f . 6 ; tl : s . india
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
the butterflies of the malay peninsula . fourth edition revised by j . n . eliot with plates by bernard d ' abrera
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson
a catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the museum of the hon . east - india company in horsfield & moore ,
neue hesperiden des indischen archipels und ost - africa ' s aus der collection des herrn h . ribbe in blasewitz - dresden , gesammelt von den herren : c . ribbe auf celebes , java un den aru - inseln , künstler auf malacca ( perak ) ; kühn auf west - guinea ( jekar ) ; menger auf ceylon
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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urltoken
the agaricales , or euagarics clade , is a monophyletic group of approximately 8500 mushroom species . . . read more
the tree of life web project ( tol ) is a collaborative effort of biologists and nature enthusiasts from around the world . on more than 10 , 000 world wide web pages , the project provides information about biodiversity , the characteristics of different groups of organisms , and their evolutionary history ( phylogeny ) .
each page contains information about a particular group , e . g . , salamanders , segmented worms , phlox flowers , tyrannosaurs , euglenids , heliconius butterflies , club fungi , or the vampire squid . tol pages are linked one to another hierarchically , in the form of the evolutionary tree of life . starting with the root of all life on earth and moving out along diverging branches to individual species , the structure of the tol project thus illustrates the genetic connections between all living things .
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moore , 1865 – small green awlet . kunte , k . , s . sondhi , and p . roy ( chief editors ) .
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copyright © 2018 , all rights reserved . national centre for biological sciences ( ncbs ) holds copyright for all the original material and compilations on this website , although contributing writers and photographers may hold copyright for their material as cited . material from this website can be used freely for educational , basic research and conservation purposes , provided that this website is acknowledged and properly cited as the source . contact us to obtain prior permission for any other use , including for large data downloads and collaborative research .
rajkamal goswami , ashoka trust for research in ecology and the environment , bangalore .
describes average size , max , range ; type of size ( perimeter , length , volume , weight . . . ) .
male and female : upperside brown with a greenish gloss ; costal streak of forewing ochreous yellow in the male , less prominent in the female ; male with a blackish subbasal patch . cilia of both wings short and brownish white . body dark brown ; abdomen with greyish segmental bands . underside , forewing brown , becoming bluish black along the base of the costa ; posterior margin broadly brownish white ; hindwing bluish black ; veins of both wings brownish white , the space between them having a greyish blue parallel line running their entire length . both wings also with the black ochreous - yellow - encirled basal spot . thorax in front and beneath , head , palpi , legs , middle of abdomen , and anal tuft ochreous yellow . femora and tibiae with a black spot ; sides of abdomen black , the segmental bands prominent , cilia greyish .
describes the general appearance of the taxon ; e . g body plan , shape and color of external features , typical postures . may be referred to as or include habit , defined as the characteristic mode of growth or occurrence associated to its environment , particularly for plants . comprising its size , shape , texture and orientation . example : tree , shrubs , herbs . may also be referred to include anatomy .
includes abundance information ( population size , density ) and demographics ( e . g . age stratification ) .
describes the likelihood of the species becoming extinct in the present day or in the near future . population size is treated under population biology , and trends in population sizes are treated under trends . however , this is the preferred element if an object includes all of these things and details about conservation listings .
kunte , k . 2000 , butterflies of peninsular india , university press , hyderabad .
kunte , k . and u . kodandaramaiah . 2011 . history of species pages on butterflies of india website . in k . kunte , s . kalesh and u . kodandaramaiah ( eds . ) . butterflies of india , v . 1 . 05 . indian foundation for butterflies . url : urltoken accessed on 23 . 8 . 2012 .
antram , c . b . 1924 , butterflies of india , thacker , spink & co , kolkata .
watson , e . y . 1891 , hesperiidae indicae . vest and co . madras .
vane - wright , r . i . & de jong , r . 2003 . the butterflies of sulawesi : annotated checklist for a critical island fauna . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden ( 343 ) : 1–267 .
evans , w . h . 1927 , the identification of indian butterflies , bombay natural history society , mumbai , india .
the butterflies of the kameng protected area complex in western arunachal pradesh , india , covering . . .
the present paper is the result of a butterfly diversity survey in the mishmi hills , arunachal prad . . .
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chiang mai : fang dist . 1♂ ; phrao dist . 1♀ ; chiang dao dist . 1♂ ; san sai dist . 1♂ ( photo ) ; omkoi dist . 1♂ .
moore , f . , [ 1866 ] : on the lepidopterous insects of bengal .
fruhstorfer , h . , 1911 : neue hesperiden des indo - malayischen faunengebietes und besprechung verwandter formen .
an individual sipping on wet sand . satchari national park , habigonj . 31 - 10 - 2013
status : rare . habit and habitat : very fast flier . prefer well forested areas . more active in the morning and before evening . local distribution : northeast region . range : bangladesh , india , myanmar and thailand
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 international license .
copyright © tahsinur rahman shihan ( 2015 - 2018 ) in photographs and texts . all rights reserved . simple theme . powered by blogger .
moore , 1865 – harisa orange awlet . kunte , k . , s . sondhi , and p . roy ( chief editors ) .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more
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the project through outreach and awareness programs would provide a better knowledge of butterfly diversity and their importance to students , local communities and policymakers . the awareness of the students and local communities would be crucial milestone in promoting community conservation measures .
fixed width circular plot count method along the transects will be followed for sampling butterflies . depending upon the availability of suitable plots and accessibility in the sloppy terrain , transects of 600 - 1000 m will be established covering various elevation sites and vegetation types . along the transects , permanent points will be marked at 50 - 100 m apart . elevational distance between two consecutive sites will vary from 150 - 350 m depending upon the accessibility and availability of the plots in laying the transects . climatic and vegetation data will be collected .
read about the latest progress of this project in the reports , articles and promotional materials below .
journal of threatened taxa , 26 may 2018 , vol 10 , no . 6 , 11775 - 11779
read more about the activities undertaken and findings of this project in the final report below .
for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .
in book : proceedings of national conference on zoology for future education and research , publisher : queen marry ' s college , chennai , pp . 61 - 77
established by government of india under national board for wildlife ( nbwl ) . out of 668 p
belongs to the most conspicuously recognizable insect order lepidoptera . so far 1 , 504 species of butterflies
are mostly circumscribed to certain pockets . hence a comprehensive research is necessary to unearth the
hidden natural history of butterfly in arunachal pradesh . the present article is a critique of butterflies from
family ( sherri , 2003 ; maria de la paz celorio , 2013 ) .
anand padhye , sheetal shelke and neelesh dahanukar . 2012 . distribution and composition of butterfly
betham , j . a . ( 1980 ) . the butterflies of the central provinces .
chandra , k . ( 2006 ) . the butterflies ( lepidoptera : rhopalocera ) of kangerghati national park ( chhattisgarh ) .
areas as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets . philosophical transactions of the royal
choudhary , m . ( 1995 ) . insecta : lepidoptera , pp . 45 - 52 .
abrera , b . ( 1982 , 1985 , 1986 ) . butterflies of the oriental region . parts i , ii & iii , hill house , australia .
doubleday , e . ( 1845 ) . description of new or imperially described diurnal lepidoptera .
. r . , murphy , d . d . 1987 . conservation lessons from long - term studies of checker spot butterflies .
hassan , s . a . ( 1994 ) . butterflies of islamabad and murree hills . asian study group , islamabad , 1 - 68 .
. b . ( 1978 ) . butterfly migrations in the nilgiri hills of south india ( lepidoptera : rhopalocera ) .
. b . ( 1987a ) . the butterflies of the nilgiri mountains of southern india ( lepidoptera : rhopalocera ) .
. b . ( 1987b ) . the butterflies of the nilgiri mountains of southern india ( lepidoptera : rhopalocera ) .
. b . ( 1987c ) . the butterflies of the nilgiri mountains of southern india ( lepidoptera : rhopalocera ) .
mandal , d . k . ( 1985 ) . notes on the papilionidae of arunachal pradesh , north - east india .
moore and swinhoe . 1890 - 1913 . lepidoptera indica by : 10 volume complete . a
. ( 1975 ) . butterflies transects in a linear habitat , 1964 - 1973 .
niklas janz , klas nyblom and so ren nylin . ( 2001 ) . evolutionary dynamics of host - plant specialization :
seitz . 1906 - 1928 . the macrolepidoptera of the world by : issued in parts , complete . contain a brief
description and a coloured figure of every species . the palaearctic section of 380 pages and 89
shafer , c . l . 1999 . national park and reserve planning to protect biological diversity : some basic elements .
. 2007 . checklist of south asian skipper butterflies ( lepidoptera : hesperiidae ) .
smith , c . 1989 . butterflies of nepal , 352 pp . ( tecpress service l . p
swinhoe , c . ( 1886 ) . on the lepidoptera of mhow . proceeding of
arshney , r . k . 2010 . genera of indian butterflies : 1 - 186 . published by
arshney , r . k . ( 2006 ) . an estimate of the number of butterfly species in the indian region . bionotes ,
alpole , m . j . and sheldon , i . r . ( 1992 ) . sampling butterflies rain forest : an evaluation of transect walk
elle , c . s . and levin , s . a . 2005 . spatial attributes and reserve design models : a review .
witt , d . o . ( 1909 ) . the butterflies ( rhopalocera ) of the nimar district central provinces .
- blyth , m . a . 1957 . butterflies of the indian region .
butterflies of sacon ( sálim ali centre for ornithology and natural history ) campus , anaikatti , coim . . .
the freshwater fish fauna of new amarambalam reserve forest ( narf ) in the southern western ghats ( kerala ) is constituted by 43 species belonging to 13 families and 28 genera . family cyprinidae dominated with 20 species followed by balitoridae and bagridae ( four species each ) . narf may harbour higher freshwater fish species diversity than in protected areas in north kerala . the area around . . . [ show full abstract ]
a checklist of butterflies , so far recorded from madhya pradesh and chhattisgarh , representing 174 species / subspecies of 100 genera under eight families is given .
the community structure of butterflies was studied in the dry deciduous , thorny forest of anaikatty hills , western ghats . pierid butterflies showed greater abundance , which may be due to the relatively greater abundance of capparaceae and caesalpinaceae plants in the area . more species of nymphalid butterflies were recorded from the area than any other family . six endemic species and eight . . . [ show full abstract ]
ankita gupta , swapnil a . lokhande & abhay soman . 2013 . parasitoids of hesperiidae from peninsular india with description of a new species of dolichogenidea ( hymenoptera : braconidae ) parasitic on caterpillar of borbo cinnara ( wallace ) ( lepidoptera : hesperiidae ) zootaxa 3701 ( 2 ) : 277–290 .
( moore , [ 1866 ] ) – common orange awlet . kunte , k . , s . sondhi , and p . roy ( chief editors ) .
( moore , [ 1866 ] ) – pale green awlet . kunte , k . , s . sondhi , and p . roy ( chief editors ) .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more
the awls and related genera have long , narrow forewings , rounded hindwings with a characteristic deep fold at the inner margin and produced at the tornus . the adult sexes are alike excepting that males have specialised scales and scent brands on the forewings . they have large labial palpi which have a thin third segment protruding ahead of the eye . the eyes are large , an adaptation to the crepuscular habits of this species .
this list forms part of the full list of butterflies of india ( hesperiidae ) which itself is part of the complete list of butterflies of india .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
badamia exclamationis
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved april 20 , 2018 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis sena
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis gomata
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
haribal , meena ( 1992 ) . the butterflies of sikkim himalaya and their natural history . gangtok , sikkim , india : sikkim nature conservation foundation .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis anadi
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis harisa
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis jaina
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis oedipodea
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
bibasis vasutana
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 16 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
choaspes benjaminii
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
choaspes plateni
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
choaspes xanthopogon
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
the common name similar awlking is that of taxon similis ( vide evans ( 1932 ) ) which is not recognised as a valid species by savela and by tolweb ( ref its page on genus choaspes ) . taxon similis is now considered to be a synonym of taxon xanthopogon .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
choaspes hemixanthus ssp . furcata
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . accessed 12 october 2007 .
the species is considered to be furcata by lepindex , and as furcatus by tolweb . savela gives it as furcatus without appropriate reference for the change . accordingly it is being retained as furcata , with furcatus as redirect , pending the availability of a proper reference .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora anura
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
hasora alexis ( fabricius , 1775 ) is a synonym of h . chromus vide beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora chromus
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora chromus
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora taminatus
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora schoenherr
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora badra
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora vitta
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora khoda
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
evans in the identification of indian butterflies , ( 1932 ) ( ser no i 1 . 9 , pp 224 ) records it as occurring in the nicobars .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora leucospila
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 12 october 2007 .
evans in the identification of indian butterflies , ( 1932 ) ( ser no i 1 . 10 , pp 224 ) records it as occurring in the nicobars .
beccaloni , g . ; scoble , m . ; kitching , i . ; simonsen , t . ; robinson , g . ; pitkin , b . ; hine , a . ; lyal , c . , eds . ( 2003 ) .
hasora salanga
. the global lepidoptera names index . natural history museum . retrieved 2 october 2007 .
evans , w . h . ( 1932 ) . the identification of indian butterflies ( 2nd ed . ) . mumbai , india : bombay natural history society .
gay , thomas ; kehimkar , isaac david ; punetha , jagdish chandra ( 1992 ) . common butterflies of india . nature guides . bombay , india : world wide fund for nature - india by oxford university press . isbn 978 - 0195631647 .
kunte , krushnamegh ( 2000 ) . butterflies of peninsular india . india , a lifescape . hyderabad , india : universities press . isbn 978 - 8173713545 .
watson , e . y . ( 1891 ) hesperiidae indicae . vest and co . madras .
wynter - blyth , mark alexander ( 1957 ) . butterflies of the indian region . bombay , india : bombay natural history society . isbn 978 - 8170192329 .
beccaloni , george ; scoble , malcolm ; kitching , ian ; simonsen , thomas ; robinson , gaden ; pitkin , brian ; hine , adrian ; lyal , chris .
brower , andrew v . z . and warren , andrew , ( 2007 ) . coeliadinae evans 1937 . version 21 february 2007 ( temporary ) . urltoken in the tree of life web project , urltoken .
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empusa pennata , common names conehead mantis in english and mantis palo in spanish , is a species of praying mantis in genus empusa . it can be found in spain and parts of portugal , france , lebanon , central and southern italy and greece . the species invalidly cited by their synonyms in many tropical checklists such as in india and sri lanka .
empusa pennata generally has large and thin body along with a great flying apparatus by their pair of wings and light body mass . also , they are mostly found in perennial herbs and scrubs . there are three ways for insects to find mates : chemical , acoustic , and visual signals . cryptic coloration is significant to some predatory insects like mantids , which is used to protect themselves from predators and to capture their prey .
this species of mantis , although similar in size to the common european praying mantis ( mantis religiosa ) , is easily distinguished by the protrusion from its crown . both male and females , even from first hatching carry this tall extension giving them a very alien appearance . they live in areas that are warm and dry and use their cryptic colouring of either greens and pinks or various shades of brown to keep them hidden from predators . the female may grow to a length of 10cm while the male is shorter and slimmer . the male has distinctive ‘feather’ type antennae as shown on the image above .
however , insects that depend on vision will hinder to find their mate because they will be undetectable to each other . therefore , as an alternative way to find mates , sex pheromone is used . the releasing of sex pheromone by empusa pennata is an adaption derived from sexual selection .
mantids stalk their prey and pounce on it , grasping it with their raptorial forelegs . only living prey is selected and it is consumed directly after the catch . the predator orients itself optically , and therefore only takes notice of moving prey . the maximum size of prey which mantids can overwhelm is species - specific and depends on the prey type . on average mantids eat crickets of 50 % their own body weight , while cockroaches can weigh up to 110 % .