prolibytherium ( " before libya 's beast " ) is an extinct artiodactyl ungulate native to early miocene north africa and pakistan , from around 16.9 to 15.97 million years ago .

the 1.80 metres ( 5 ft 11 in ) long creature would have superficially resembled an okapi or a deer .

unlike these , however , prolibytherium displayed dramatic sexual dimorphism , in that the male had a set of large , leaf-shaped ossicones with a width of 35 centimetres ( 14 in ) , while the female had a set of slender , horn-like ossicones .

at one time , it was described as a relative of sivatherium ( as a precursor to " libytherium maurusium " ( s. maurusium ) ) .

prolibytherium

the back of the prolibytherium fusus skill . 4 marks the fused occipital condyles . from danowitz et al . , 2015 .
male ( a ) and female ( b ) forms of prolibytherium magnieri . p . fusus would have had similar ornaments . art by i . sánchez .
meaning : prolibytherium means “before libya’s beast” , coined by camille arambourg in 1969 for a different species , while fusus refers to the fused occipital condyles at the back of the skull .
danowitz , m . , domalski , r . , solounias , n . 2015 . a new species of prolibytherium ( ruminantia , mammalia ) from pakistan , and the functional implications of an atypical atlanto - occipital morphology a new species of prolibytherium ( ruminantia , mammalia ) from pakistan , and the functional implications of an atypical atlanto - occipital morphology a new species of prolibytherium ( ruminantia , mammalia ) from pakistan , and the functional implications of an atypical atlanto - occipital morphology . journal of mammalian evolution . doi : 10 . 1007 / s10914 - 015 - 9307 - 8
the taxonomic status of prolibytherium remains in flux . at one time , it was described as a relative of sivatherium ( as a precursor to
libytherium maurusium
( sivatherium maurusium ) ) . later , it would be regarded as a palaeomerycid , or either as a climacoceratid , or as a basal member of giraffoidea . with the discovery and study of a female skull in 2010 , prolibytherium is tentatively regarded as a climacoceratid .
in any list of weird fossil mammals , the regular set of ancient beasts are trotted out . there’s always a brontothere . uintatherium often shows up . deinotherium isn’t a surprise , either . and while these long lost mammals are indeed wonderful , there are plenty of critters that are just as strange . one of my favorites is prolibytherium .
sánchez , i . , quiralte , v . , morales , j . , azanza , b . , pickford , m . 2010 . sexual dimorphism of the frontal appendages of the early miocene pecoran prolibytherium arambourh , 1961 ( mammalia , ruminantia ) . journal of vertebrate paleontology . doi : 10 . 1080 / 02724634 . 2010 . 483555
exactly what sort of beast prolibytherium was , no one knows for sure . the herbivore has been punted around the hoofed mammal tree a bit , and , for the moment , it seems closest to a group of extinct , deer - like mammals called climacoceratids . but one thing is for sure – this mammal wore some very bizarre headgear .
the 1 . 80 metres ( 5 ft 11 in ) long creature would have superficially resembled an okapi or a deer . unlike these , however , prolibytherium displayed dramatic sexual dimorphism , in that the male had a set of large , leaf - shaped ossicones with a width of 35 centimetres ( 14 in ) , while the female had a set of slender , horn - like ossicones .
the first species , named by camille arambourg from the 16 million year old rock of libya , had a massive , splayed appendage growing from between its eyes and over the back of the head . and as israel sánchez and colleagues argued in 2010 , these ornaments differed between the sexes , with probable females having minimalist spikes that more or less present the framework on which the broader male palms are supported . and now melinda danowitz , rebecceca domalski , and nikos solounias have named a new species of this unusual mammal , extending the range of prolibytherium into asia and its span back three million years .
the new species , prolibytherium fusus , is only known from a 19 million year old braincase with the broad ornaments broken off . yet , aside from the fractured attachments for the appendages , the back of the skull shows that this species must have had heavy appendages like its geologically younger relative . the occipital condyles – the attachment sites between the back of the skull and the front of the neck – are fused and thickened , providing greater support along the midline for carrying all that extra bone around . and , danowitz and colleagues note , the reinforcement at the back of the skull might have had provided greater reinforcement for combat , too , although how these butterfly - faced mammals fought is so far left to our cenozoic imagination .
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prolybitherium ( meaning
before libya ' s beast
) is a genus of artiodactyl ungulates native to early miocene north africa and pakistan , from around 16 . 9 to 15 . 97 million years ago .
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how much of the creature’s body is known ? : a braincase with the cranial appendages broken off .
hhw _ ` cel ` j ^ {  } h [ zznnє мбжмяоднкгднђђеwqоїўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџљчпzjljhnidc ] c [ ` nvq @ hzpn _ zq } єнкдчдїђжгњжљкv [ зєўўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўїсйb42 ; g ? nhb ` ubt [ fnujb @ erb [ v } rзсдмнсмљњгднжњњzcмсњўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўїевxh5626fqn _ igx ` unnniihd _ ] ќж [ { дєзяыїўњђўдг sc | ьюўўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўїюёidikhb8hrqezs ] xktuhc _ hns ] чтvnnnчбюнгљќтўoreч№§ўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџјл nf ? ge ; @ @ quqwsedsnwnn ` buh { гuњњzuvќджкдєєљгдkvmќяѓ§џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџњаsb .
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parent taxon : palaeomerycidae according to d . r . prothero and m . r . liter 2007
see also carroll 1988 , mitchell and skinner 2003 and pickford et al . 2001
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .


the lipspot moray ( gymnothorax chilospilus ) , also known as the textile moray , white-lipped moray , or white-lipped reef eel , is a moray eel found in coral reefs in the pacific and indian oceans .

it was first named by pieter bleeker in 1864 .

lipspot moray eel

the snowflake eel is found in the pacific and indian oceans . it is also known as the starry eel .
lipspot moray - gymnothorax chilospilus the lipspot moray is found in the indian ocean and in the pacific ocean . it is also found in the waters around hawaii . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the leopard moray eel is found in the indian and pacific oceans . in north america , it is found around the hawaiian islands . it is also known as the dragon moray eel .
freckleface reef - eel - uropterygius xanthopterus the freckleface reef - eel is found in the indian and pacific oceans . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
moray eels can range in size from snyder ' s eel which is around 4 . 5 inches in length to the slender giant moray , which can grow to be 13 feet in length .
a lipspot moray , gymnothorax chilospilus , from north solitary island , new south wales - showing the diagnostic white blotch on the lower lip near the corner of the mouth . . source : ian v . shaw / reef life survey . license : cc by attribution
tiger reef eel - scuticaria tigrina the tiger reef eel is found in the indian and pacific oceans from east africa to the to the philippines , taiwan and the hawaiian islands east to mexico , costa rica , panama , and columbia . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
many species of moray eel are brightly patterned . they have large eyes , large mouths and sharp , fang - like teeth . some species will bite if they are provoked . moray eels also secrete a mucus through their skin . in some species this mucus is a toxin .
redface eel - monopenchelys acuta the redface eel is found in scattered locations around the globe . it is found in the western atlantic from the bahamas to the lesser antilles , it has been recorded around ascension island in southern atlantic . in the indian ocean , it has been recorded in comoros , seychelles , and mauritius and in the pacific ocean it is found from fiji to hawaii . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
yellow - spotted moray - echidna xanthospilos the yellow - spotted moray is found in waters off of taiwan , sri lanka , indonesia , papua new guinea and samoa . it is also known as the skeletor eel . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
laced moray - gymnothorax favagineus the laced moray is also known as the tessellate moray , the honeycomb moray , and the leopard moray . source : australian museum intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
yellowmouth moray - gymnothorax nudivomer the yellowmouth moray is found in indian and pacific oceans . it is also known as the starry moray . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the seychelles moray is found in coral reefs in the pacific and indian oceans .
chain moray - echidna catenata the chain moray is found from the atlantic and gulf coasts of florida south through the caribbean to central america and the coast of uruguay .
the yellow moray is found in the waters off of new zealand and southern australia .
california moray - gymnothorax mordax the california moray preys on octopuses and small fish . source : monterey bay aquarium intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no
peppered moray - gymnothorax pictus the peppered moray is found in indian and pacific oceans . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
fimbriate moray - gymnothorax fimbriatus the fimbriate moray can be 2 . 5 feet in length . source : australian museum intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
giant moray - gymnothorax javanicus the giant moray is found in the indian and pacific oceans . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
undulated moray - gymnothorax undulatus the undulated moray has a brown body and a bright yellow head . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
the brown moray is found on rocky coasts in the eastern atlantic and throughout the mediterranean .
green moray - gymnothorax funebris the green moray can be close to 6 feet in length . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
polygon moray - gymnothorax polygonius the polygon moray is found in the western and eastern atlantic ocean . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the australian mottled moray is found in the western pacific ocean from southern japan to the south china sea south to australia and new zealand . it is also known as the sawtooth moray .
honeycomb moray - gymnothorax saxicola the honeycomb moray is found from new jersey south to florida and in the gulf of mexico . it is also found in the mississippi river delta . it is also known as the ocellated moray and the blackedge moray and is often used in home aquariums . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the barred moray is found from the east coast of africa to the hawaiian islands and australia .
green moray - gymnothorax funebris the green moray spends the day hidden in rocky crevices . source : florida museum of natural history intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no
california moray - gymnothorax mordax red rock shrimp clean dead skin for the body of the california moray . source : animal diversity web intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
grayface moray - gymnothorax thyrsoideus the grayface moray is found in the indian ocean and in the pacific ocean . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
barred fin moray - gymnothorax zonipectis the barred fin moray is found from eastern africa east to the philippines . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the dark moray is found in the eastern atlantic off the coast of africa from mauritania to namibia .
the canary moray is found in the eastern atlantic around the canary islands off the coast of africa .
geometric moray - gymnothorax griseus the geometric moray is found in the western indian ocean and in the red sea . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
moray eels are carnivorous and eat crustaceans , cuttlefish , mollusks , small fish , octopus , and squid .
saddled moray - gymnothorax conspersus the saddled moray is found from north carolina south through the caribbean and gulf coast to brazil . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
fimbriate moray - gymnothorax fimbriatus the fimbriate moray is found in the indian and pacific oceans from madagascar to japan and australia . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
white - spotted moray - muraena argus the white - edged moray is found along the pacific coast from southern california to peru . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
kidako moray - gymnothorax kidako the kidako moray is found in the western pacific ocean from china , japan and australia east to hawaii . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
chain moray - echidna catenata the chain moray is brightly patterned in black and yellow . source : florent ' s guide to the florida , bahamas & caribbean reefs intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no
laced moray - gymnothorax favagineus the laced moray is found from the red sea and east africa to japan , australia and papua new guinea . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
green moray - gymnothorax funebris the green moray is really brown . it looks greenish - yellow because of the mucus that covers its body . source : national aquarium intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
jewel moray - muraena lentiginosa the jewel moray is found in the eastern pacific from the gulf of california to peru and the galapagos islands . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
indo - pacific spotted moray - gymnothorax isingteena the indo - pacific spotted moray is found in coral reefs in the indian and western pacific oceans . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
gray moray - gymnothorax nubilus the gray moray is found in the southwest pacific around lord howe island , norfolk island , and the kermadec islands . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
caribbean ocellated moray - gymnothorax ocellatus the caribbean ocellated moray is found in the caribbean and along the atlantic coast of central america south to uruguay . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
white - edged moray - gymnothorax verrilli the white - edged moray is found along the pacific coast of costa rica , mexico , and panama . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
california moray - gymnothorax mordax the california moray is found in crevices in shallow rocky reefs from point conception in southern california to baja califonia in mexico . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
yellow - edged moray - gymnothorax flavimarginatus the yellow - edged moray is known as the puhi paka and it ' s bite can be dangerous to humans . source : waikiki aquarium intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no
black moray - muraena augusti the black moray is found in the eastern atlantic ocean around cape verde , the canary and madeira islands , and the azores . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the wide - mouth moray is found in the pacific ocean off the coasts of el salvador , guatemala , and mexico .
yellow - edged moray - gymnothorax flavimarginatus the yellow - edged moray is found in the indian and pacific oceans from the red sea and east africa to hawaii . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
banded moray - gymnothorax rueppelliae the banded moray is found in the indian and pacific oceans . in the u . s . , it is found in hawaii . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
pygmy moray - anarchias similis the pygmy moray is found from the coast of south carolina south to venezuela and along the gulf coast of florida south to nicaragua . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the turkey moray is found in reefs in shallow water the indian and pacific oceans from the coast of eastern africa to hawaii .
brown snake moray - uropterygius fuscoguttatus the brown snake moray is found in australia and the south pacific islands . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no two - holes moray - uropterygius versutus the two - holes moray is found in colombia , costa rica , ecuador , el salvador , guatemala , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , and panama . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no jigsaw moray - uropterygius wheeleri the jigsaw moray is found in the eastern atlantic off the coast of africa in the waters around cape verde , equatorial guinea , sao tomé and principe , and senegal . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
reticulate hookjaw moray - enchelycore lichenosa the reticulate hookjaw moray is found in northwest pacific ocean near taiwan and southern japan and in the southeast pacific ocean around the galapagos islands . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
green moray - gymnothorax funebris the green moray is found in the western atlantic from new jersey south to brazil as well as in the gulf of mexico and the caribbean . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
lichen moray - gymnothorax hubbsi the lichen moray is found in the gulf of mexico from alabama south to cuba and north up the eastern coast of florida to southern georgia . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
reticulate moray - muraena retifera the reticulate moray is found from north carolina south to florida and along the gulf coast from florida north to mississippi . it is also found off the coast of venezuela . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no stout moray - muraena robusta the stout moray is found from north carolina to florida in the western atlantic as well as off the coast of panama and columbia . it is found along the african coast from morocco to angola in the eastern atlantic . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no marbled moray - uropterygius macularius the marbled moray is found from north carolina south to brazil as well as in the caribbean . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no many - spotted moray - uropterygius polystictus the many - spotted moray is found along the pacific coasts of ecuador and mexico source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
broadbanded moray - channomuraena vittata the broadbanded moray is found in tropical waters around the globe . in the u . s . it is found in the waters off southern florida . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
viper moray - enchelycore nigricans the viper moray is found on both sides of the atlantic ocean . in the u . s . it is found off the coast of florida . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
y - patterned moray - gymnothorax berndti the y - patterned moray is found in the western indian ocean and in the pacific ocean from taiwan to new zealand and east to hawaii . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
panamic green moray - gymnothorax castaneus the panamic green moray is found in the eastern pacific ocean from southern baja california and the gulf of california south to ecuador and the galapagos islands . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
whitespot moray - muraena pavonina in the western atlantic ocean , the whitespot moray is found off of northeastern brazil and the mid - atlantic and around ascension island in the eastern atlantic ocean . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
ribbon moray - rhinomuraena quaesita the ribbon moray is found from east africa to french polynesia , north to southern japan , and south to the northwest and east coast australia and new caledonia . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
palenose moray - echidna nocturna the palenose moray is found along the pacific coasts of colombia , costa rica , ecuador , el salvador , guatemala , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , panama , and peru . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
blacktail moray - gymnothorax kolpos the blacktail moray is found in along the atlantic coast of the eastern u . s . from north carolina south to florida and along the gulf coast from florida to texas . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
hardtail moray - anarchias galapagensis the hardtail moray is found in the pacific ocean off the coasts of colombia , costa rica , ecuador , el salvador , guatemala , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , and panama . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
slenderjaw moray - enchelycore octaviana the slenderjaw moray is found in the pacific ocean off the coasts of colombia , costa rica , ecuador , el salvador , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , panama , and peru . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
finespotted moray - gymnothorax dovii the finespotted moray is found in the pacific ocean off the coasts of colombia , costa rica , ecuador , el salvador , guatemala , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , and panama . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
masked moray - gymnothorax panamensis the masked moray is found along the pacific coast of colombia , costa rica , ecuador , el salvador , guatemala , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , and panama . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no small - spotted moray - gymnothorax phalarus the small - spotted moray is found along the pacific coast of colombia , costa rica , ecuador , el salvador , guatemala , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , panama , and peru . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
mediterranean moray - muraena helena the mediterranean moray is found from south of british isles to senegal , in the waters around the azores , madeira , the canary islands , and cape verde and in the waters of the mediterranean . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
freshwater moray - gymnothorax polyuranodon the freshwater moray is found in australia , brunei darussalam , fiji , indonesia , malaysia , micronesia , new caledonia , palau , papua new guinea , the philippines , sri lanka , and taiwan . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the stout moray is found in shallow water in inland reefs in the indian and pacific oceans . in north america , it is found in the hawaiian islands .
blackedge moray - gymnothorax nigromarginatus the blackedge moray is found rom the coast of north carolina south to cuba and puerto rico . it is also found in the gulf of mexico west to texas and south through central america to columbia . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
use the table to access images and fact sheets of the muraenid fishes on the site . these include the knot - eels , moray eels and reef eels .
undulated moray - gymnothorax undulatus the undulated moray is found in the indian ocean and in the western , central and eastern pacific ocean . it is found in hawaii and along the pacific coast of mexico , panama , and costa rica . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the zebra moray is found in the pacific and indian oceans . in north america it is found from baja california , mexico south to columbia and the galapagos islands .
the whitemargin moray is found in the indian and pacific oceans from japan south to indonesia . in north america , it is found in waters around the hawaiian islands .
spotted - tail moray - gymnothorax equatorialis the spotted - tail moray is found in the pacific ocean off the coasts of chile , colombia , costa rica , ecuador , el salvador , guatemala , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , panama , and peru . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
low fin moray - gymnothorax porphyreus the low - fin moray is found in sub - tropical waters in the south pacific to south america . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no sawtooth moray - gymnothorax serratidens the sawtooth moray is found in waters off of ecuador and peru . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no brown conger - gymnothorax vicinus the brown conger is found on both sides of the atlantic . in the u . s . it is found from the eastern coast of florida through the gulf coast states . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
spotted moray - gymnothorax moringa the spotted moray is found from north carolina south along the u . s . coast through the caribbean and the gulf of mexico south to southern brazil . it is also found in the eastern atlantic ocean on ascension and st . helena islands . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no
sharktooth moray - gymnothorax maderensis the sharktooth moray is found in the eastern and western atlantic ocean . in the eastern atlantic it is found in madeira , the canary islands , and the cape verde islands . in the western atlantic it is found in bermuda , cuba , and in the caribbean . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
böhlke , e . b . & mccosker , j . e . 2001 . the moray eels of australia and new zealand , with the description of two new species ( anguilliformes : muraenidae ) .
goldentail moray - gymnothorax miliaris the goldentail moray is found in the western atlantic from florida , bermuda , and the bahamas through the gulf of mexico and the caribbean to southern brazil . in the eastern atlantic it is found in the waters around the cape verde islands and ascension and st . helena islands . source : fish base intended audience : general reading level : high school teacher section : no
the fangtooth moray is found on both sides of the atlantic . in north america it is found off the coast of northern florida and in the waters of bermuda . it is also found in the mediterranean and black sea .
the caribbean chestnut moray is found in the western atlantic from the atlantic coast and gulf coast of southern florida south through the caribbean and central america to brazil . it is also found off the coast of the bahamas and off the gulf coast of mexico .
order : anguilliformes , family : muraenidae ( morays ) pusi or morays moray eels are called pusi in samoa . small eels are sometimes called to ' e , large eels are called maoa ' e , and very large ones may be called atapanoa . small brown eels may be called u ' aulu and small pale eels may be called apeape .
variable in colour from pale yellowish to brownish , with irregular darker brownish bars and pale markings , a white spot surrounding each pore along the upper and lower jaws , and a large white blotch on the lower lip near the corner of the mouth .
offshore reefs of western australia , ashmore reef and the great barrieer reef , queensland , to at least julian rocks , new south wales , also elizabeth reef and lord howe island in the tasman sea . elsewhere the species os widespread in the indo - west - central pacific from south africa to hawaii , north to taiwan and the ryukyu islands , japan , and south to northern australia .
gymnothorax chilospilus bleeker , 1864 , nederland . tijdschr . dierk 2 : 52 . type locality : east indies .
bleeker , p . 1864 . poissons inédits indo - archipélagiques de l ' ordre des murènes .
böhlke , e . b . , mccosker , j . e . & smith , d . g . 1999 . family muraenidae . pp . 1643 - 1657 in carpenter , k . e . & niem , v . h . ( eds ) .
the living marine resources of the western central pacific . fao species identification guide for fisheries purposes
the early stages of fishes in the california current region . california cooperative oceanic fisheries investigations ( calcofi ) atlas no . 33
francis , m . 1993 . checklist of the coastal fishes of lord howe , norfolk , and kermadec islands , southwest pacific ocean .
francis , m . p . & randall , j . e . 1993 . further additions to the fish faunas of lord howe and norfolk islands , southwest pacific ocean .
reef and shore fishes of the south pacific . new caledonia to tahiti and the pitcairn islands
greek , gymnos = naked + greek , thorax , - akos = breast ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; depth range 1 - 45 m ( ref . 11441 ) , usually ? - 5 m . tropical
indo - pacific : south africa and oman to the hawaiian and society islands , north to the ryukyu and ogasawara islands , south to northern australia and the loyalty islands .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 50 . 5 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 2334 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 0 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 0 ; vertebrae : 121 - 133 . body light brown , with dendritic pattern . corner of mouth with a dark brown spot , preceded on lower lip by a large white blotch ( often followed by another above and behind corner of mouth ) ; upper and lower jaw pores usually in prominent white spots . vertebrae 121 - 133 .
occurs in shallow coastal reef flats , usually found in less than 5 m water depth , but ranges to deep water rubble reefs ( ref . 48635 ) . benthic ( ref . 58302 ) .
chen , h . - m . , k . - t . shao and c . t . chen , 1994 . a review of the muraenid eels ( family muraenidae ) from taiwan with descriptions of twelve new records . zool . stud . 33 ( 1 ) : 44 - 64 . ( ref . 6934 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00095 ( 0 . 00046 - 0 . 00197 ) , b = 3 . 10 ( 2 . 93 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 9 ±0 . 6 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate vulnerability ( 38 of 100 ) .
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there are close to 200 species in this family of eels . most species are found in shallow water among rocks and coral . and many species are active at night and spend the day hidden in the rock or coral crevices . most species are found in tropical and sub - tropical marine environments , a few species can be found in brackish water , and a a handful of species are found in fresh water .
status and range is taken from icun redlist . you can click on the iucn status icon to go to the iucn page about a species .
threatened in us endangered in us introduced status taken from us fish and wildlife . click on u . s . status icon to go to the u . s . fish and wildlife species profile .
indo - pacific : south africa and oman to the hawaiian and society islands , north to the ryukyu and ogasawara islands , south to northern australia and the loyalty islands . ;
it is named for a distinct white spot on the lower lip near the corner of the mouth .
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lycodon cavernicolus , also known as gua wang burma wolf snake , is a species of colubrid snake found in peninsular malaysia .

it was first described in 2014 .

lycodon cavernicolus

aínda ninguén contribuíu con rexistros de datos para lycodon cavernicolus . aprende a contribuír .
top : jaw of lycodon aulicus from jackson & fritts 2004 middle : lycodon zoosvictoriae from neang et al . 2014 bottom : lycodon cavernicolus from grismer et al . 2014
lycodon cavernicolus grismer , quah , anuar m . s . , muin , wood & nor 2014
lycodon cavernicolus grismer , quah , anuar m . s . , muin , wood & nor , 2014
lycodon cavernicolus grismer , quah , anuar , muin , wood & nor , 2014 , sp . nov . - plazi treatmentbank
regions according to the tdwg standard , where < em > lycodon cavernicolus < / em > occurs , not a & nbsp ; precise distribution map .
note that this is not a & nbsp ; precise distribution map , but region standardised by tdwg world geographical schema , where < em > lycodon cavernicolus < / em > occurs .
figure 4 . left : ventral pattern of the holotype of lycodon cavernicolus sp . nov . lsuhc 9985 . right : ventral pattern of the paratype lsuhc 10500 . photos by l . l . grismer
lycodon cavernicolus , grismer , l . lee , quah , evan s . h . , anuar , shahrul , muin , mohd abdul , wood , perry l . & nor , siti azizah mohd , 2014
lycodon
. the reptile database . www . reptile - database . org .
lycodon zawi
. the reptile database . www . reptile - database . org .
the specific epithet “cavernicolus” is an adjective derived from the latin caverna meaning “cave” and the latin cola meaning “dweller of” and refers to this species being a cave - dweller .
nota bene : a binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than lycodon .
hans - martin braun added the english common name
mountain wolf snake
to
lycodon ruhstrati fischer 1886
.
hans - martin braun added the german common name
berg - wolfszahnnatter
to
lycodon ruhstrati fischer 1886
.
hans - martin braun added the english common name
white plum blossom snake
to
lycodon ruhstrati fischer 1886
.
siler et al . ( 2013 ) concluded that dinodon species are nested within the lycodon tree and noted that dinodon ( the more recently described genus ) should therefore be treated as a junior synonym of lycodon . based on their own molecular phylogenetic studies , guo et al . ( 2013 ) also suggested that dinodon should be synonymized with lycodon . lei et al . ( 2014 ) also found that dinodon species are nested within lycodon . based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses , lei et al . further concluded that oligodon multizonatum ( an endemic species known from sichuan and possibly gansu provinces in china ) actually falls within lycodon as well .
lanza , b . ( 1999 ) a new species of lycodon from the philippines , with a key to the genus . tropical zoology , 12 , 89–104 .
gaulke , m . 2002 . a new species of lycodon from panay island , philippines ( reptilia , serpentes , colubridae ) . spixiana , 25 , 85–92 .
lanza , b . 1999 . a new species of lycodon from the philippines , with a key to the genus ( reptilia serpentes colubridae ) . tropical zoology , 12 , 89–104 .
jackson , k . and t . h . fritts . 2004 . dentitional specialisations for durophagy in the common wolf snake , lycodon aulicus capucinus . amphibia - reptilia 25 : 247 - 254 < link >
vogel , g . & luo , j . ( 2011 ) a new species of the genus lycodon ( boie , 1826 ) from the southwestern china ( squamata : colubridae ) . zootaxa , 2807 , 29–40 .
lei , j . , x . sun , k . jiang , et al . 2014 . multilocus phylogeny of lycodon and the taxonomic revision of oligodon multizonatum . asian herpetological research 5 ( 1 ) : 26–37 .
vogel , g . & david , p . ( 2010 ) a new species of the genus lycodon ( boie , 1826 ) from yunnan province , china ( serpentes : colubridae ) . bonn zoological bulletin , 57 , 289–296 .
guo , p . , l . zhang , q . liu , et al . 2013 . lycodon and dinodon : one genus or two ? evidence from molecular phylogenetics and morphological comparisons . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 68 : 144–149 .
a new species of the genus lycodon fitzinger , 1826 is described from the cardamom mountains of southwest cambodia . lycodon zoosvictoriae distinctly differs from all other species of lycodon in southeast asia by a combination of its morphometric characters and unique coloration . the new species has 17 dorsal scales at midbody ; 2 + 2 temporals ; 8 supralabials ; 10 infralabials ; loreal separated from internasal and orbit ; 213 ventrals ; 85 subcaudals ; pale tan brown ground color ; irregular dark brown blotches on anterior part , 31 transverse blotches on posterior part of body and 26 blotches on tail . given its submontane type locality , the new species could prove to be endemic to the cardamom mountains of southwestern cambodia and probably southeast thailand .
figure 3 . dorsal ( upper ) and lateral ( lower ) head views of the holotype of lycodon cavernicolus sp . nov . lsuhc 9985 showing the location of head scales . f = frontal ; if = infralabial ; in = internasal ; l = loreal ; lat = lower anterior temporal ; lpt = lower posterior temporal ; m = mental ; mpt = middle posterior temporal ; n = nasal ; p = parietal ; pf = prefrontal ; po = postocular ; pp = postparietal ; pro = preocular ; r = rostral ; sl = supralabial ; so = suprocular ; uat = upper anterior temporal ; and upt = upper posterior temporal .
zhang , j . , jiang , k . , vogel , g . & rao , d . ( 2011 ) a new species of the genus lycodon ( squamata : colubridae ) from sichuan province , china . zootaxa , 2982 , 59–68 .
siler , c . d . , c . h . oliveros , a . santanen , and r . m . brown . 2013 . multilocus phylogeny reveals unexpected diversification patterns in asian wolf snakes ( genus lycodon ) . zoologica scripta , 42 : 262–277 .
siler , c . d . , oliveros , c . h . , santanen , a . & brown , r . m . ( 2013 ) multilocus phylogeny reveals unexpected diversification patterns in asian wolf snakes ( genus lycodon ) . zoologica scripta , 42 , 262–277 . urltoken
siler , c . d . , c . h . oliveros , a . santanen , and r . m . brown . 2013 . multilocus phylogeny reveals unexpected diversification patterns in asian wolf snakes ( genus lycodon ) . zoologica scripta 42 ( 3 ) : 262 - 277 .
vogel , g . , nguyen , t . q . , kingsada , p . & ziegler , t . ( 2012 ) a new species of the genus lycodon boie , 1826 from laos ( squamata : colubridae ) . north - western journal of zoology , 8 , 344–352 .
regarding inferences about the historical biogeography of lycodon , siler et al . ( 2013 ) note that with few exceptions , the results observed in their study are consistent with many of the biogeographic expectations for vertebrates in asia and the philippines ( see siler et al . 2013 for details and discussion ) .
neang , t . , t . hartmann , s . hun , n . j . souter , and n . m . furey . 2014 . a new species of wolf snake ( colubridae : lycodon fitzinger , 1826 ) from phnom samkos wildlife sanctuary , cardamom mountains , southwest cambodia . zootaxa 3814 : 68 - 80 < link >
grismer , l . lee ; evan s . h . quah , shahrul anuar m . s , , mohd abdul muin , perry l . wood , jr & siti azizah mohd nor 2014 . a diminutive new species of cave - dwelling wolf snake ( colubridae : lycodon boie , 1826 ) from peninsular malaysia . zootaxa 3815 ( 1 ) : 051–067
fitzinger li . 1826 . neue classification der reptilien nach ihren natürlichen verwandtschaften . nebst einer verwandtschafts - tafel und einem verzeichnisse der reptilien - sammlung des k . k . zoologischen museums zu wien . vienna : j . g . heubner , five unnumbered + 67 pp . + one plate . ( lycodon , new genus , p . 57 ) . ( in german and latin ) .
grismer , l . lee , quah , evan s . h . , anuar , shahrul , muin , mohd abdul , wood , perry l . & nor , siti azizah mohd , 2014 , a diminutive new species of cave - dwelling wolf snake ( colubridae : lycodon boie , 1826 ) from peninsular malaysia , zootaxa 3815 ( 1 ) , pp . 51 - 67 : 56 - 61
grismer , l . l . , e . s . h . quah , s . anuar , m . a . muin , p . l . wood jr , and s . a . m . nor . 2014 . a diminutive new species of cave - dwelling wolf snake ( colubridae : lycodon boie , 1826 ) from peninsular malaysia . zootaxa 3815 : 51 - 67 < link >
boulenger ga . 1893 . catalogue of the snakes in the british museum ( natural history ) , volume i . , containing the families . . . colubridæ aglyphæ , part . . london : trustees of the british museum ( natural history ) . ( taylor and francis , printers ) . xiii + 448 pp . + plates i - xxviii . ( genus lycodon , p . 348 , figure 23 ) .
vogel , g . , david , p . , pauwels , o . s . g . , sumontha m . , norval g . , hendrix , r . , vu , n . t . & ziegler , t . ( 2009 ) a revision of lycodon ruhstrati ( fischer 1886 ) auctorum ( squamata colubridae ) , with the description of a new species from thailand and a new subspecies from the asian mainland . tropical zoology , 22 , 131–182 .
type locality : gua wang burma , perlis state park , perlis , peninsular malaysia ( 6°41 . 594n 100°11 . 400e at 175 m elevation ) .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
holotype : lsuhc 9985 , adult female , collected on 12 march 2011 by evan s . h . quah and shahrul anuar m . s . paratype . juvenile male ( lsuhc 10500 ) has the same data as the holotype except for being collected on 23 may 2010 .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
, named for large teeth in both jaws . asian wolf snakes are placed in the genera
, is a small , drab species with a metallic sheen and lives chiefly on lizards . it can grow to lengths of about 50 cm ( 20 inches ) . the
snake , ( suborder serpentes ) , any of more than 3 , 400 species of reptiles distinguished by their limbless condition and greatly elongated body and tail . classified with lizards in the order squamata , snakes represent a lizard that , over the course of evolution , has undergone structural reduction , …
reptile , any member of the class reptilia , the group of air - breathing vertebrates that have internal fertilization , amniotic development , and epidermal scales covering part or all of their body . the major groups of living reptiles—the turtles ( order testudines ) , tuatara ( order rhynchocephalia…
vertebrate , any animal of the subphylum vertebrata , the predominant subphylum of the phylum chordata . they have backbones , from which they derive their name . the vertebrates are also characterized by a muscular system consisting pimarily of bilaterally paired masses and a central nervous system…
chordate , any member of the phylum chordata , which includes the vertebrates , the most highly evolved animals , as well as two other subphyla—the tunicates and cephalochordates . some classifications also include the phylum hemichordata with the chordates . as the name implies , at some time in the life…
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new & recent described flora & fauna species from all over the world esp . asia , oriental , indomalayan & malesiana region
grismer , l . l . , evan s . h . quah , shahrul a . m . s . , mohd . a . muin , perry j . l . wood & siti a . m . nor . 2014 . a diminutive new species of cave - dwelling wolf snake ( colubridae :
ป้ายกำกับ : 2014 , asia , author : l . l . grismer , author : quah , conservation , herpetology - frog ; reptile snake , karst - limestone , peninsular malaysia , peninsular thailand , serpentes - snake , southeast asia , zootaxa
wuodendron b . xue , y . h . tan & chaowasku wuodendron praecox ( hook . f . & thomson ) b . xue , y . h . tan & x . l . hou in xue , tan . . .
[ botany • 2017 ] begonia fulgurata | ดาดดารารัศมี • a new species ( sect . diploclinium , begoniaceae ) from chiang mai , northern thailand
begonia fulgurata c . - i peng , c . w . lin & phutthai ดาดดารารัศมี | | doi : 10 . 3767 / blumea . 2017 . 62 . 03 . 01 urltoken be . . .
chamaelirium viridiflorum l . wang , z . c . liu & w . b . liao in liu , feng , wang & liao , 2018 . doi : 10 . 11646 / phytotaxa . 357 . . . .
great - billed seed - finch sporophila maximiliani ( cabanis , 1851 ) in ubaid , silveira , medolago , et . al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 11646 / . . .
endocerids with their filtering apparatus in mironenko , 2018 . doi : 10 . 1080 / 08912963 . 2018 . 1491565 reconstruction by andre . . .
aristolochia tongbiguanensis j . y . shen , q . b . gong & s . landrein in gong , landrein , xi , et al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 6165 / tai . . . .
bagualosaurus agudoensis pretto , langer & schultz , 2018 doi : 10 . 1093 / zoolinnean / zly028 illustration : jorge blanco c . . .
the hypothetical phylogenetic relationships of ceratosaurs based on current topologies . the main source is from wang et al . ( 2016 . . .
nipponosaurus sachalinensis nagao , 1936 in takasaki , chiba , kobayashi , et al . , 2018 ニッポノサウルス | | doi : 10 . 1080 / 08912963 . 2017 . . . .
begonia medogensis jianw . li , y . h . tan & x . h . jin in li , tan , wang , et al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 3897 / phytokeys . 103 . 25392 . . .
on this day ( july 10th ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
anomaloglossus meansi : a new species of cryptic forest frog from the wokomung and ayanganna sky islands of southern guyana .
the benefits and costs of academic travel . or
there and back again ; again and again
canon renueva su gama de 70 - 200 mm f : 2 . 8 y f : 4
plants go extinct , but sometimes species are rediscovered . this one after 151 years .
i ' m killing antediluvian salad but even in death there is rebirth . . .
necps carnivorous plant show : sept . 9 - 10 at tower hill botanical garden
this is a particularly beautiful species of centrolenid - the granular glass frog , cochranella granulosa .
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l . lee grismer department of biology , la sierra university , 4500 riverwalk parkway , riverside , california 92515 usa .
evan s . h . quah school of biological sciences , universiti sains malaysia , 11800 usm , pulau pinang , penang , malaysia .
shahrul anuar m . s school of biological sciences , universiti sains malaysia , 11800 usm , pulau pinang , penang , malaysia . center for marine and coastal studies , universiti sains malaysia , 11800 minden , pulau pinang , malaysia
mohd abdul muin school of biological sciences , universiti sains malaysia , 11800 usm , pulau pinang , penang , malaysia .
perry jr l . wood department of biology , brigham young university , 150 east bulldog boulevard , provo , utah 84602 usa .
siti azizah mohd nor school of biological sciences , universiti sains malaysia , 11800 usm , pulau pinang , penang , malaysia .
l . lee grismer , evan s . h . quah , shahrul anuar m . s , mohd abdul muin , perry jr l . wood , siti azizah mohd nor
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grismer , l . l . , anuar , s . , muin , m . a . , quah , e . s . h . & wood , p . l . jr . ( 2013 ) phylogenetic relationships and description of a new upland species of bent - toed gecko ( cyrtodactylus gray , 1827 ) of the c . sworderi complex from northeastern peninsular malaysia . zootaxa , 3616 ( 3 ) , 239–252 . urltoken
grismer , l . l , , belabut , d . m , quah , e . s . h . , chan , k . o . , wood , p . l . jr . & hasim , r . ( 2014c ) a new species of karst forest - adapted bent - toed gecko ( genus cyrtodactylus gray , 1827 ) belonging to the c . sworderi complex from a threatened karst forest in perak , peninsular malaysia . zootaxa , 3755 ( 5 ) , 434–446 . urltoken
grismer , l . l . , chan , k . o . , nurolhuda , n . & sumontha , m . ( 2008a ) a new species of karst dwelling gecko ( genus cnemaspis strauch 1887 ) from the border region of thailand and peninsular malaysia . zootaxa , 1875 , 51–68 .
grismer , l . l . , grismer , j . l . , wood , p . l . jr . & chan , k . o . ( 2008b ) the distribution , taxonomy , and redescription of the geckos cnemaspis affinis ( stoliczka 1887 ) and c . flavolineata ( nicholls 1949 ) with descriptions of a new montane species and two new lowland , karst - dwelling species from peninsular malaysia . zootaxa , 1931 , 1–24 .
grismer , l . l . , grismer , j . l . , wood , p . l . jr . , ngo , v . t . & chan , k . o . ( 2011 ) herpetology on the fringes of the sunda shelf : a discussion of discovery , taxonomy , and biogeography . bonner zoologische monographien , bonn , 57 , 57–97 .
grismer , l . l . , norhayai , a . , chan , k . o . , belabut , d . , muin , m . a . , wood , p . w . jr . & grismer , j . l . ( 2009 ) two new diminutive species of cnemaspis strauch 1887 ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from peninsular malaysia . zootaxa , 2019 , 40–56 .
grismer , l . l . , wood , p . l . jr . , anuar , s . , quah , e . s . h . , muin , m . a . , maketab , m . , chan , k . o . , heinz , h . m . , sumarli , a . s . - i . , loredo , a . i . & heinz , h . ( 2014b ) the phylogenetic relationships of three new species of the cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from poorly explored regions in northeastern peninsular malaysia . zootaxa , 3786 ( 3 ) , 359–381 . urltoken
grismer , l . l . , wood , p . l . jr . , chan , k . o . , anuar , s . & muin , m . a . ( 2014a ) cyrts in the city : a new bent - toed gecko ( genus cyrtodactylus ) is the only endemic species of vertebrate from batu caves , selangor , peninsular malaysia . zootaxa , 3774 ( 4 ) , 381–394 . urltoken
grismer , l . l . , wood , p . l . jr . , maketab , m . , chan , k . o . , heinz , h . m . , sumarli , a . s . - i . , chan , j . a . & loredo , a . i . ( 2013 ) a new species of karst - adapted cnemaspis strauch , 1887 ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from a threatened karst region in pahang , peninsular malaysia . zootaxa , 3746 ( 3 ) , 463–472 . urltoken
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9985 ) collected on 12 march 2011 by evan s . h . quah and shahrul anuar m . s . from gua wang burma , perlis state park , perlis , peninsular malaysia ( 6 ° 41 . 594 n 100 ° 11 . 400 e at 175 m in elevation ) .
10500 ) has the same data as the holotype except for being collected on 23 may 2010 .
groups by having the combination of an elongate loreal scale that enters the orbit ; 245 ( male ) and 232 ( female ) ventral scales ; 113 ( male ) and 92 ( female ) paired subcaudal scales ; a single precloacal plate ; nine or 10 supralabials ; 10 or 11 infralabials ; a maximum total length of 508 mm for the single female ; relative tail length 0 . 25–0 . 27 ; venter immaculate as juveniles and with dark edging on the posterior margins of the ventral scales in adults ; and bands in juveniles that are white ( tables 2 , 3 ) .
–5 ) . head flattened anteriorly , distinct from the neck ; snout elongate ; nostril oval , large , in the middle of the nasal ; eye large , with a vertically elliptic pupil ; rostral triangular , hardly visible from above ; nasal vertically divided by a furrow along posterior margin of nostril ; two square internasals , in wide , medial contact , and in contact with two large , subrectangular prefrontals posteriorly ; single , azygous , subpentagonal frontal , longer than wide ; two large , elongate parietals , contacted laterally by upper anteriror and posterior temporals and a larger paraparietal ; 1 / 1 wide , triangular supraocular ; 1 / 1 small preocular , located above the posterior portion of loreal ; 2 / 2 postoculars of similar size ; 1 / 1 narrow , elongate loreal entering orbit , in contact with second , third , and fourth supralabials ventrally , the prefrontal and preocular dorsally , the nasal anteriorly ; 9 / 10 supralabials all higher than wide except last scale in the series ; first and second supralabials in contact with nasal ; fourth , fifth , and sixth supralabials entering orbit ; seventh supralabial largest ; upper row of two ( long anterior and short posterior ) temporals ; lower row of three ( two anterior and one posterior ) temporals ; a middle posterior temporal ventral to upper posterior temporal and dorsal to lower posterior temporal ; posterior temporals smaller than anterior temporals ; 11 / 11 infralabials ; first pair of infralabials separated medially by deep , medial groove ; first five infralabials in contact with first pair of chinshields ; anterior and posterior pair of chinshields elongate , generally same size and shape , and bearing a deep , medial groove that is confluent with groove separating first pair of infralabials .
body elongate , somewhat laterally compressed ; svl 406 mm ; tal 102 mm ; tl 508 mm . 232 ventrals ( plus two preventrals ) , 92 paired , subcaudals ; anal single ; dorsal scales in 17 – 17 – 15 rows , the eight medial rows weakly keeled ; vertebral row not enlarged ; no apical pits .
, 5 ) . body and tail nearly uniformly light - brown ; body bearing 36 faint , lighter colored bands ; tail bearing 29 similarly colored bands ; head coloration same as that of the faint bands ; venter ground color beige ; posterior edges of ventral scales edged in light - brown , generally beginning with ventral scale 40 ; subcaudals mottled with light - brown .
from throughout its range are listed in table 3 . the paratype is a hatchling and bears a bold , contrasting , dorsal color pattern similar to that of juvenile
( fig . 5 ) . its venter however , is nearly immaculate unlike the holotype whose ventrals are edged posteriorly with dark - brown ( fig . 4
) . it also has 45 irregularly shaped , whitish bands with darkened centers on the body and 41 similarly colored caudal bands . a wide , white band covers the occipital and posterior temporal regions . the anterior 11 bands on the body are more widely separated and distinct than the posterior body and caudal bands . presumably , the banding pattern fades considerably with maturity as in
” is an adjective derived from the latin caverna meaning “cave” and the latin cola meaning “dweller of” and refers to this species being a cave - dweller .
natural history . both the holotype and paratype were found deep within gua wang burma cave approximately 200 m from the cave entrance ( fig . 6
) . both specimens were found at approximately 1100 hrs . the holotype was observed scaling a vertical wall approximately 2 m above the ground while exploring nooks and crevices . she was gravid but expelled two eggs soon after capture . the paratype was found crawling over a slanting cave wall approximately 3 m above the ground in a more exposed area . other species of amphibians and reptiles observed in the cave or near the cave entrance were the bufonid
sp . nov . extends through march . the only potential food source we found deep within cave is
( juvelies ) which are also known to occur on the cave walls ( grismer et al . 2012 ) .
group by having a single loreal scale that enters the orbit as opposed to the loreal scale not entering the orbit . from the species of the
group it differs by having more ventral scales ( 232–245 vs . 182–227 collectively ) ; more subcaudal scales in the male ( 113 vs . 65–92 collectively ) ; a much smaller adult female total length ( 508 vs . 615–762 collectively ) ; more caudal bands ( 29–41 vs . 7–23 collectively ) ; and a belly pattern that lacks wide , dark bands or dark spots ( table 2 ) .
by the loreal and internasals being separat as opposed to contacting and having an uncorrected p - distance of 9 . 3 % ( table 4 ) .
figure 6 . microhabitat inside the gua wang burma cave at the type locality in perlis state park , perlis . photos by l . l . grismer .
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
update 1st june , 2018 : we just set up snake _ id , a cool new page that simplifies snake identification . be sure to check it out !
images provided by flickr - / inaturalist - api . sporadic false assignments may occur .
? ? ? to ? ? ? meter above sea level ( a . s . l . )
© 2002–2012 mdi biological laboratory . all rights reserved . © 2012–2018 mdi biological laboratory & nc state university . all rights reserved . data updated june 26 , 2018 revision 15488
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the phylogenetic results of siler et al . ( 2013 ) provide evidence of deeply divergent lineages within some taxa ( l . effraensis , l . subcinctus ) that may represent cryptic species . some of the lineage diversity revealed appears to correspond to taxonomic entities previously identified ( currently recognized as subspecies or synonyms ) and some does not . on the other hand , as noted above , genetic results suggest that species diversity within several clades may be overestimated , rather than underestimated , by current taxonomic treatments . between these two extremes lie species with moderate genetic structure observed among populations ( l . muelleri , l . aulicus complex ) .
( guo et al . 2013 and references therein ; siler et al . 2013 and references therein )
pyron , r . a . , h . k . dushantha kandambi , c . r . hendry , et al . 2013 . genus - level phylogeny of snakes reveals the origins of species richness in sri lanka . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 66 : 969–978 .
mish fc ( editor in chief ) . 2004 . merriam - webster ' s collegiate dictionary , eleventh edition . springfield , massachusetts : merriam - webster , incorporated . 40a + 1 , 623 pp . isbn 0 - 87779 - 809 - 5 . (
lycopodium
, p . 742 ;
odonate
p . 860 ) .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a72cb320 - 8375 - 4854 - 942f - a025734f852e
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : beb61503 - f9a1 - 4ef9 - 9f01 - 7ea999f95966
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e5cdd7ed - 6fcf - 491e - 92a8 - d1955d939986
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : c54c823c - 2131 - 48c0 - 8875 - b4af04a48cb6
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 246472
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neang thy , timo hartmann , seiha hun , nicholas j . souter , neil m . furey . 2014 . a new species of wolf snake ( colubridae :
for professional , respectful , and non - lethal snake removal and consultation services in your town , try wildlife removal usa .
although cyrtodactylus vilaphongi was the 10 , 000th reptile species for a while , the order and position of entries in the reptile database is constantly changing . although new species get added to the end of the list , it ' s common for two or more existing species to get synonymized or merged , which moves the position of all subsequent species up . furthermore , sometimes species that were described long ago and subsequently synonymized are revalidated , leading to ' new ' species that aren ' t really new in the sense that they have existed before . finally , often existing species get split up , leading to additions that aren ' t as dramatic as legitimate new discoveries . this last complication is on the rise now that molecular systematics has enabled us to describe the cryptic diversity of some lineages , which are not all that morphologically distinct but may contain considerable genetic diversity .
at the time of my email to peter last month , c . vilaphongi was the 9988th species , and ( happily ) , a new snake , siphlophis ayauma , was # 10 , 000 . although this has probably changed again by now , i ' m going to operate under the assumption that , since we can ' t really say with certainty that any particular species was # 10 , 000 , if it was a snake , it was probably one of the 11 brand new snake species that have been described so far this year . you can read about many of these on the blog ' species new to science ' , but i ' m going to highlight them in a little more detail here .
eutrachelophis bassleri and its weird penis from myers & mcdowell 2014 a color photo of e . bassleri was published in echevarría & venegas 2015
harvey bassler , a petroleum geologist , explored many of the amazon ' s upper tributaries for his work during the 1920s and 30s , during which time he collected over 4 , 200 snakes on the side . bassler deposited his magnificent collection in the american museum of natural history in 1934 , and on march 6th this year
has extremely unusual heimpenes tipped with a dome - like structure so strange ( at least within the world of snake hemipenes ) that the authors wrote
we have seen nothing quite like [ it ] .
hemipenes were traditionally considered one of the most taxonomically - important structures in snakes
because they were considered to be evolutionarily neutral ( that is , unlikely to change in response to selection ) , but a growing awareness that evolution by both natural and especially sexual selection can influence the morphology of male genitalia led these authors to recognize that these two snakes were in fact close relatives . although we await molecular confirmation , the authors propose a mechanism by which differential expression of
on january 12th , 2008 , a group of american and ecuadorian herpetologists stopped for lunch at a grilled - chicken restaurant in paute , azuay province , ecuador . they noticed a peculiar sun - faded snake on display in a jar of alcohol that they couldn ' t quite put a name to . following negotiation with the restaurant owner , the specimen was acquired and determined to belong to the genus
, but could not be identified to any known species . a few months later , another specimen was found alive about 100 miles to the north , and two more were discovered in 2011 about the same distance to the south . a fifth individual is now recognized to have been hiding out unnoticed in the collection of the museo de zoología , pontificia universidad católica del ecuador . because of its red - banded head and its occurrence in the mountains near cold ( achachay ) streams , the new species was named
after the kichwa spirit aya uma , a good spirit devil who derives strength from nature , particularly from cold mountain pacchas ( cascades ) and is represented in kichwa folklore as having a colorful red - banded head . this is the seventh species in the genus , the third species known from ecuador , and the first new species of
.
amaru
means
snake
in kichwa , and is also the name of a snake deity who influences water and the economy . this diurnal snake lays clutches of 9 - 13 eggs underground in galleries and under decaying logs , and probably eats frogs and lizards . it is a close relative of the
) are a small and unusual group of vipers found in sub - saharan africa . they were once thought to be the most primitive vipers and were placed in their own subfamily , but they are now grouped with the
after the late jens rasmussen , a dutch expert on african snakes who died in 2005 . this species is found only in the watershed between the congo and zambezi basins , where it co - occurs with three other species of
from northwestern zambia with black markings and low ventral scale counts . in 2013 , someone sent him a picture of one eating a toad ( another unusual adaptation that night adders share with
) , which prompted him to look again at the unusual specimens and describe them as a new species . few molecular data are available for
brazil is graced with nearly 400 species of snakes , including 30 of the world ' s ~ 80 species of coralsnakes . the morphology of coralsnakes is highly variable , and there are many misidentified specimens in museum collections , so it is often difficult to recognize new species . a group of brazilian herpetologists working on the tri - colored coralsnakes from the endangered northeastern coastal forests discovered a new species , which they described in the june 5th issue of
( if any of these dates are your birthday , then you share a birthday with that of a new species of snake ! ) .
) are named for their fearsome - looking fang - like anterior maxillary teeth . unlike
, wolfsnake teeth are not grooved or hollow and they have no venom . instead , their strongly arched upper jaw helps them feed on skinks , whose hard , cylindrical bodies fit snugly into their diastema , or the gap between their anterior and posterior teeth . the wolf - like anterior teeth keep the skink from being squeezed out of the mouth , while the posterior teeth slice through the skink ' s cycloid scales . at least 16 of the nearly 60 species of
from a limestone cave in peninsular malaysia . the latter is a cave - adapted species , both specimens of which were found climbing several feet above the cave floor , in total darkness . it ' s likely that they eat a cave - adapted gecko . many of the caves in this region are in immediate danger of being quarried for cement before their endemic fauna and flora can be fully documented . both of these species were also described in
, with the stated goal of aiding conservation efforts by circumventing the lengthy delays normally associated with publication of new science . since its inception in 2001 ,
cloudogram
of crotalus triseriatus species group showing the new nine - species arrangement from bryson et al . 2014
species group , which contains small montane rattlesnakes found in mexico and the southwestern usa . although five species were historically recognized within the group , an analysis of seven nuclear genes revealed that there are at least nine species , including two that were previously recognized as subspecies and two more that have not heretofore been formally recognized . the paper described the two new species :
. the authors of this paper suggest that these rattlesnakes speciated rapidly from a single common ancestor during the uplifting of the trans - mexican volcanic belt near the end of the neogene period 2 . 6 million years ago , which makes sense because they are not very mobile and populations of their common ancestor likely would have become isolated from one another on various
sky islands
of suitable habitat during the genesis of this new mountain range . many species are endemic to the high - altitude pine - oak forests and grasslands of this region , which has become famous
( 10 or 12 ) , the central pair of which are strongly keeled , giving the snake a distinctly flat - backed appearance . this species is found in riparian forests along rocky streams in coastal brazil , not too far south of the new coralsnake ( above ) .
, from near the border of china , india , and burma . which is relatively closely related to the
) . more new species from both of these groups will likely follow , given the taxonomic untidiness of their genera .
thanks to peter uetz at the reptile database for sharing with me some inside information , and to the authors of these papers for their photos .
newspaper clipping from 10 january 1960 showing broadley with his amputated finger . you can see more at the finger ' s facebook page or listen to broadley describe the experience here .
angarita - sierra , t . 2014 . hemipenial morphology in the semifossorial snakes of the genus ninia and a new species from trinidad , west indies ( serpentes : dipsadidae ) . south american journal of herpetology 9 : 114 - 130 < link >
broadley , d . g . 2014 . a new species of causus lichtenstein from the congo / zambezi watershed in north - western zambia ( reptilia : squamata : viperidae ) . arnoldia zimbabwe 10 : 341 - 350 < link >
bryson , r . j . , c . w . linkem , m . e . dorcas , a . lathrop , j . m . jones , j . alvarado - diaz , c . i . grunwald , and r . w . murphy . 2014 . multilocus species delimitation in the crotalus triseriatus species group ( serpentes : viperidae : crotalinae ) , with the description of two new species . zootaxa 3826 : 475 - 496 < link >
cope , e . d . 1895 . the classification of the ophidia . transactions of the american philosophical society 18 : 186 - 219 < link >
dowling , h . g . 1967 . hemipenes and other characters in colubrid classification . herpetologica 23 : 138–142 < link >
guo , p . , q . liu , l . zhang , j . x . li , y . huang , and r . a . pyron . 2014 . a taxonomic revision of the asian keelback snakes , genus amphiesma ( serpentes : colubridae : natricinae ) , with description of a new species . zootaxa 3873 : 425 - 440 < link >
fernandes , d . and b . hamdan . 2014 . a new species of chironius fitzinger , 1826 from the state of bahia , northeastern brazil ( serpentes : colubridae ) . zootaxa 3881 : 563 - 575 < link >
köhler , g . and m . kieckbusch . 2014 . two new species of atractus from colombia ( reptilia , squamata , dipsadidae ) . zootaxa 3872 : 291 - 300 < link >
linnaeus , c . 1758 . systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . tomus i . editio decima , reformata . [ 10th ed . ] . laurentii salvii , holmiae , stockholm , sweden < link >
myers , c . w . and s . b . mcdowell . 2014 . new taxa and cryptic species of neotropical snakes ( xenodontinae ) , with commentary on hemipenes as generic and specific characters . bulletin of the american museum of natural history 385 : 1 - 112 < link >
pires , m . g . , n . j . da silva jr . , d . t . feitosa , a . l . d . c . prudente , g . a . p . filho , and h . zaher . 2014 . a new species of triadal coral snake of the genus micrurus wagler , 1824 ( serpentes : elapidae ) from northeastern brazil . zootaxa 3811 : 569 - 585 < link >
salazar - valenzuela , d . , o . torres - carvajal , and p . passos . 2014 . a new species of atractus ( serpentes : dipsadidae ) from the andes of ecuador . herpetologica 70 : 350 - 363 < link >
schneider , n . , t . q . nguyen , m . d . le , l . nophaseud , m . bonkowski , and t . ziegler . 2014 . a new species of cyrtodactylus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) from the karst forest of northern laos . zootaxa 3835 : 80 - 97 < link >
sheehy , c . m . , m . h . yánez - muñoz , j . h . valencia , and e . n . smith . 2014 . a new species of siphlophis ( serpentes : dipsadidae : xenodontinae ) from the eastern andean slopes of ecuador . south american journal of herpetology 9 : 30 - 45 < link >
teynié , a . , a . lottier , p . david , t . q . nguyen , and g . vogel . 2014 . a new species of the genus opisthotropis günther , 1872 from northern laos ( squamata : natricidae ) . zootaxa 3774 : 165 - 183 < link >
uetz , p . 2010 . the original descriptions of reptiles . zootaxa 2334 : 59 - 68 < link >
vogel , g . , p . david , and i . sidik . 2014 . on trimeresurus sumatranus ( raffles , 1822 ) , with the designation of a neotype and the description of a new species of pitviper from sumatra ( squamata : viperidae : crotalinae ) . amphibian and reptile conservation 8 : 1–29 < link >
zaher , h . , j . c . arredondo , j . h . valencia , e . arbeláez , m . t . rodrigues , and m . altamirano - benavides . 2014 . a new andean species of philodryas ( dipsadidae , xenodontinae ) from ecuador . zootaxa 3785 : 469–480 < link >
zhu , g . - x . , y . - y . wang , h . takeuchi , and e . - m . zhao . 2014 . a new species of the genus rhabdophis fitzinger , 1843 ( squamata : colubridae ) from guangdong province , southern china . zootaxa 3765 : 469 - 481 < link >
another fascinating post . changing taxonomy plays havoc with people who try to keep a tally of the reptiles that they have encountered . i try to maintain a bird list and keep track of it all on , ebird . they drive me nuts by constantly informing me that i need to update my records to reflect changes in bird taxonomy . i do not even try to remember all the new names of old bird species . i have no idea what my real life list is .
thanks john ! i agree , it is quite complicated . i use ebird as well , and i have to admit that i ' ve found the way they handle taxonomy to be quite painless . i ' ve heard that this is not the case on other bird life - listing websites , however .
i am a phd student at utah state university , where i study the physiology and ecology of lizards and snakes . my research is quite narrow compared to the fascinating field of snake ecology , which i write about here to indulge my broader interests . my work brings me into frequent contact with the need for snake conservation , which requires holistic conservation of ecosystem structure and function , on which human society depends . i believe that we can only accomplish this goal through education , and that is partly why i decided to publish this blog . the title is a quote by david quammen , one of the best science writers around , and the mudsnake in the logo is from duméril , bibron , & duméril ' s nine - volume early 19th century opus , erpétologie générale .
click here to read this post in spanish ! haga clic aquí para leer este blog en español ! figure from laszlo 1975 recently somebod . . .
if you have found a snake shed that you wish to identify in the usa or canada , click here for a guide . click here to view the spanish . . .
click here to view this post in spanish ! haga clic aquí para ver este blog en español ! i noticed that a huge proportion of the hits on . . .
click here to read this post in spanish ! haga clic aquí para leer este blog en español ! solenoglyphous fangs of a gaboon viper snake . . .
click here to read this post in spanish haga clic aquí para leer este blog en español global distribution of all snake species combin . . .
continent : asia distribution : taiwan , china ( jiangxi , fujian , guangdong , northward to anhui and west to sichuan [ elevation 800 - 1850 m ] and se gansu ) , n vietnam ( elevation 500 - 1500 m ) ruhstrati : taiwan ( endemic ) abditus : type locality : u bo region , phong nha – ke bang np , quang binh province , vietnam . type locality : süd - formosa [ = south taiwan ] , china .