jansenia is a genus of beetles in the family carabidae ( cicindelinae or sometimes cicindelidae ) , containing the following species many of which are sometimes placed in the genus cicindela : jansenia applanata ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia azureocincta ( bates , 1878 ) jansenia bangalorensis cassola & werner , 2003 jansenia chlorida ( chaudoir , 1865 ) jansenia chloropleura ( chaudoir , 1865 ) jansenia choriodista ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia cirrhidia ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia corrugatosa ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia corticata ( putzeys , 1875 ) jansenia crassipalpis ( w.horn , 1908 ) jansenia cratera ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia dasiodes ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia fusissima ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia grossula ( w.horn , 1925 ) jansenia indica ( fleutiaux , 1893 ) jansenia laeticolor ( w.horn , 1904 ) jansenia legnotia ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia motschulskyana ( w.horn , 1915 ) jansenia myanmarensis wiesner , 2004 jansenia nathanorum cassola & werner , 2003 jansenia ostrina ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia plagatima ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia prothymoides ( w.horn , 1908 ) jansenia psarodea ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia pseudodromica ( w.horn , 1932 ) jansenia reticulella ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia rostrulla ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia rugosiceps ( chaudoir , 1865 ) jansenia sandurica ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia semisetigerosa ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia stellata ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia stuprata ( w.horn , 1909 ) jansenia tetragrammica ( chaudoir , 1865 ) jansenia tetrastacta ( wiedemann , 1823 ) jansenia venus ( w.horn , 1907 ) jansenia vestiplicatica ( acciavatti & pearson , 1989 ) jansenia viridicincta ( w.horn , 1894 ) jansenia westermanni ( schaum , 1861 )

jansenia

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this snapshot of jansenia papasergi ' s life was captured by the 1940 u . s . census .
when jansenia papasergi was born about 1916 , her father , sam , was 30 , and her mother , nancy , was 20 . in 1940 , she was 24 years old and lived in fargo , north dakota , with her father , mother , 3 brothers , and 4 sisters .
jansenia
jan
( papasergia ) rosendahl 1915 - 2010 jansenia was born september 1 , 1915 , in fargo , north dakota . the oldest of nine children of her parents , salvatore and nancy papasergia . she attended st . anthony ' s grade school and graduated from sacred heart academy high school . she was active in her school choir and sang for the local radio station in fargo . she came to bakersfield , ca in 1941 . she did clerical work while employed at lockheed aircraft and standard oil co . she later married george rosendahl and assisted him in his plastering contracting business . she was predeceased by her parents , salvatore and nancy papasergia ; brothers , james and joseph papasergia ; and her husband , george rosendahl . she is survived by two brothers and their wives , anthony and june papasergia , and john and mildred papasergia ; four sisters , rosena todahl , maria parks , yolanda griffiths , joan wallace and husband arthur wallace ; her stepson , joe rosendahl ; many nieces and nephews . she was a member of st . joseph ' s catholic church , italian catholic federation branch # 281 , and italian heritage association . she will be remembered for her great baked goods and christmas candy . she loved her dogs , muffin and pepe . her family wishes to thank her good friends and neighbors , bertha and richard sotello for the wonderful care given her . pallbearers will be her nephews : brian griffiths , mark papasergia , patrick papasergia , james griffiths , david todahl , and archie parks . visitation is tuesday , february 9 , from 4 - 8 p . m . , at hillcrest mortuary . services will be held on wednesday , february 10 , 10 : 00 a . m . , at st . joseph ' s church , 1515 baker street . donations may be made to spca ( bakersfield ) , st . vincent de paul , or garces memorial high school .
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let ' s play the ps1 port of the snes tactical rpg
ogre battle : the march of the black queen
! the leader of this region has a lakeside castle , and we begin to surround it .
reference unep wcmc . 2003 . checkl . cites sp . 1–339 . unep world conservation monitoring centre , cambridge .
conservation system unep wcmc . 2003 . checkl . cites sp . 1–339 . unep world conservation monitoring centre , cambridge .
cite this page : tropicos . org . missouri botanical garden . 09 jul 2018 < urltoken >


the black-crested coquette ( lophornis helenae ) is a species of hummingbird in the family trochilidae .

it is found in belize , costa rica , guatemala , honduras , mexico , and nicaragua .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , and heavily degraded former forest .

black - crested coquette

nobody uploaded sound recordings for black - crested coquette ( lophornis helenae ) yet .
the black - crested coquette is sedentary in its range . some irregular seasonal altitudinal movements can be observed .
range : the black - crested coquette is found in s mexico and s to e costa rica , but also in belize , guatemala , honduras and nicaragua .
the black - crested coquette ( lophornis helenae ) is a central american hummingbird that occurs naturally in southern mexico ( veracruz , oaxaca , chiapas ) south to eastern costa rica .
diet : the black - crested coquette feeds on nectar from several flowers such as clusia , cordia , dipterix , hampea and others . it also consumes arthropods gleaned from foliage and twigs .
the black - crested coquette has a very short red bill with a black tip . the back is glossy green ; the rump is blackish - and a white band separates the green back from the black rump . the under plumage is greenish bronze spotted . its most distinctive feature is the white rump band .
behaviour : the black - crested coquette usually forages at canopy level . it feeds on nectar from flowers of several plant species . it also gleans arthropods from the vegetation , foliage and tiny branches .
habitat : the black - crested coquette frequents semi - open habitats . it also can be seen at forest edges , in second growth and plantations . this species occurs between 100 and 1200 metres of elevation .
the black - crested coquette adult male has bronze - green upperparts and white band across the rump , whereas the uppertail coverts are black . wings are dark olive - green . tail is slightly forked , with dark green central rectrices and other tail feathers are rufous with dusky green edges .
flight : the black - crested coquette performs active hovering to feed on nectar from flowers . it is able to fly forwards and backwards , and the wings draw flattened “8” . such active flight requires energy , and according to the temperature , the frequency of wing - beats changes , involving energy conservation .
the adult male has a long black and green crest . the throat is sparkling green with showy black - and - buff throat ( gorget ) feathers extending from his lower throat .
6·4–7 cm ; male and female 2·6–2·8 g . male has short straight bill , red , tipped black ; crown iridescent green , wispy crest hair - like , black , . . .
protection / threats / statuts : the black - crested coquette is uncommon , but the species is not threatened at this moment . this species frequents man - made habitats such as plantations , and the numbers of mature birds are relatively stable , in spite of some declines ( about 10 % ) in the last ten years .
reproduction : the nesting behaviour of the black - crested coquette is poorly known . nest has been found in march , placed at the end of a twig , at about 8 metres above the ground . the tiny nest is cup - shaped and made with fine plant materials . the nest - site is probably near the feeding areas .
throughout history , crows , ravens and other black birds were feared as symbols of evil or death . …
as other hummingbirds from small to large species , the black - crested coquette defends its feeding territory against intruders . even if many species are trap - line feeders on nectar sources too scattered to be defended , and do not establish true feeding territories , some intimidation behaviour occurs if two birds feed in close vicinity . they are mainly non - territorial but with limits , according to the situation .
description : all members of genus lophornis have a conspicuous crest often raised during the displays . the hummingbirds named “coquette” are among the tiniest birds .
züchner , t . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . black - crested coquette ( lophornis helenae ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto the black - crested coquette , as other trochilid species , utters high - pitched , short calls . these unmelodious sounds are heard when the birds are feeding “teek” , or as advertising calls when they defend a rich food source . but usually , singing activity is closely associated to breeding season during which they utter a repeated upslurred “tsuwee” , and also to defence behaviour . when fighting , they give a high - pitched twittering .
the female black - crested coquette is responsible for building the cup - shaped nest out of plant fibers woven together and green moss on the outside for camouflage in a protected location in a shrub , bush or tree . she lines the nest with soft plant fibers , animal hair and feather down , and strengthens the structure with spider webbing and other sticky material , giving it an elastic quality to allow it to stretch to double its size as the chicks grow and need more room . the nest is typically found on a low , skinny horizontal branch .
on the underparts , the throat is glossy green and the breast is black , bordered by bronze breast band . belly is white and shows conspicuous iridescent golden - bronze rounded spots . vent is white . undertail coverts are rufous .
the black - crested coquettes primarily feed on nectar taken from a variety of brightly colored , scented small flowers of trees , herbs , shrubs and epiphytes . they favor flowers with the highest sugar content ( often red - colored and tubular - shaped ) and seek out , and aggressively protect , those areas containing flowers with high energy nectar . they use their long , extendible , straw - like tongues to retrieve the nectar while hovering with their tails cocked upward as they are licking at the nectar up to 13 times per second . sometimes they may be seen hanging on the flower while feeding .
on the head , the crown is iridescent green and shows a wispy crest made with some elongated dark feathers . face is darker , rather glossy blackish - green according to the lighting . we can see some other elongated lateral feathers on the throat sides . these feathers are black , with pale buff inner web .
the thin , straight bill is red with black tip . eyes are dark brown . short legs and feet are pinkish - grey . feet are reduced because the hummingbirds do not use them for hopping , walking or climbing as numerous other birds’ species do . this criterion is common to all hummingbirds which spend most of the day hovering . such flight requires a lot of energy .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size may be moderately small to large , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
partners in flight estimated the population to number fewer than 50 , 000 individuals ( a . panjabi in litt . 2008 ) , thus it is placed in the band 20 , 000 - 49 , 999 individuals here .
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authors : marîa del coro arizmendi , claudia i . rodríguez - flores , carlos a . soberanes - gonzález , guy m . kirwan , and thomas s . schulenberg
arizmendi , m . d . c . , c . i . rodríguez - flores , c . a . soberanes - gonzález , g . m . kirwan , and t . s . schulenberg ( 2013 ) .
) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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martin flack , claude king , jacqueserard , joseph c . boone , marc fasol , holger teichmann , david lingard , beat . r , ken havard , tadeusz rosinski , dusan m . brinkhuizen .
formerly placed , together with its sister - species l . adorabilis , in a separate genus , paphosia . monotypic .
s mexico ( veracruz , n oaxaca , chiapas ) s to ec costa rica .
mostly silent . presumed song a repeated clear , upslurred “tsuwee” . calls include a quiet , metallic . . .
semi - open habitats , forest edge , second growth , gaps and plantations at 100–1200 m . forages . . .
nest found in mar ; small , cup - shaped at end of twig 8 m above ground . no further information available .
not globally threatened . cites ii . generally uncommon . may accept man - made habitats like plantations to some extent . species has been recorded in sierra de los tuxtlas ( . . .
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recent molecular analysis found that most genera in the following linear sequence , from heliangelus to metallura , are members of a monophyletic group # r ; authors of that study also proposed that polyonymus , sappho and taphrolesbia ( not sampled in their analysis ) be included in same group .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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a guide to the birds of mexico and northern central america by steve n . g . howell , sophie webb - oxford university press - isbn : 0198540124
l’encyclopedie mondiale des oiseaux - dr christopher m . perrins - bordas - isbn : 2040185607
female has whitish throat flecked dark . she has shorter crest , and the feathers of the throat sides are absent . tail is rounded . bill is blackish on the upper mandible .
immature male resembles female and shows vestige of crest . throat is whitish and upper breast is blackish .
this species feeds by “trap - lining” technique , as several species do according to the bill - shape . the members of genus lophornis take advantage of their very small size , resembling large insects , and do not hesitate to feed in areas within a territory which is not directly visible or guarded by the owner . they forage in trap - line , following a repeated foraging circuit .
during the courtship displays , the male expose its glossy plumage . the crest is also displayed , as the elongated feathers of the throat sides . displays are accompanied by vocalizations . the white rump is probably exposed too , the male raising the back feathers to show off the white area . males are usually polygamous .
their preferred habitats include subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests or moist montanes , as well as heavily degraded former forest .
juveniles and adult females lack the crest and throat patch of the adult male . he plumage is more brownish and generally duller .
hummingbirds are solitary in all aspects of life other than breeding ; and the male ' s only involvement in the reproductive process is the actual mating with the female . they neither live nor migrate in flocks ; and there is no pair bond for this species . males court females by flying in a u - shaped pattern in front of them . he will separate from the female immediately after copulation . one male may mate with several females . in all likelihood , the female will also mate with several males . the males do not participate in choosing the nest location , building the nest or raising the chicks .
the average clutch consists of two white eggs , which she incubates alone , while the male defends his territory and the flowers he feeds on . the young are born blind , immobile and without any down .
the female alone protects and feeds the chicks with regurgitated food ( mostly partially - digested insects since nectar is an insufficient source of protein for the growing chicks ) . the female pushes the food down the chicks ' throats with her long bill directly into their stomachs .
as is the case with other hummingbird species , the chicks are brooded only the first week or two , and left alone even on cooler nights after about 12 days - probably due to the small nest size . the chicks leave the nest when they are about 20 days old .
many native and cultivated plants on whose flowers these birds feed heavily rely on them for pollination . the mostly tubular - shaped flowers actually exclude most bees and butterflies from feeding on them and , subsequently , from pollinating the plants .
they may also visit local hummingbird feeders for some sugar water , or drink out of bird baths or water fountains where they will either hover and sip water as it runs over the edge ; or they will perch on the edge and drink - like all the other birds ; however , they only remain still for a short moment .
they also take some small spiders and insects - important sources of protein particularly needed during the breeding season to ensure the proper development of their young . insects are often caught in flight ( hawking ) ; snatched off leaves or branches , or are taken from spider webs . a nesting female can capture up to 2 , 000 insects a day .
males establish feeding territories , where they aggressively chase away other males as well as large insects - such as bumblebees and hawk moths - that want to feed in their territory . they use aerial flights and intimidating displays to defend their territories .
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natural vocalization ; calls and wing noise from a male bird visiting some porterweed at very close range . surrounding habitat was dense primary foothill forest . the bird was calling consistently , but this was all i could get due to very heavy traffic nearby .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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the pygmy sperm whale ( kogia breviceps ) is one of three species of toothed whale in the sperm whale family .

they are not often sighted at sea , and most of what is known about them comes from the examination of stranded specimens .

pygmy sperm whale

this whale is 1 of 3 species of sperm whale ; the other two are the sperm whale and the dwarf sperm whale .
echolocation also provides the pygmy sperm whale with an early warning to incoming predators .
the pygmy sperm whale is a toothed whale that belongs to the cetacean species which includes all species of whale , dolphin and porpoise .
en - pygmy sperm whale , fr - cachalot pygmée , sp - cachalote pigmeo .
the pygmy sperm whale – kogia breviceps the firecracker whale by max newman april 1996 . a then - current study of available information on this remarkable whale the firecracker whale
once sexually mature the pygmy sperm whale can begin mating and reproducing offspring of its own .
dr steve van dyck from queensland museum talks to kim honan about the pygmy sperm whale .
acs pygmy sperm whale cetacean fact sheet - american cetacean society on 03 jan 2002 , a 2 . 88m ( 9 . 45ft ) adult pygmy sperm whale was stranded at thurlestone sands in south devon . [ photos ] irish whale and dolphin group : pygmy sperm whale , kogia breviceps whale and dolphin conservation society ( wdcs )
information on the pygmy sperm whale is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
neuron numbers in sensory cortices of five delphinids compared to a physeterid , the pygmy sperm whale .
sperm whale links sperm whales from the
whales in danger information service
in australia . whalenet , for teachers and students . the sperm whale project - promoting ocean conservation . listen to a sperm whale
dwarf sperm whalethe dwarf sperm whale ( kogia simus ) is a small toothed whale - it is also known as owen ' s pygmy sperm whale ( because it was originally described by the english scientist richard owen in 1866 ) .
the diet of the pygmy sperm whale consists mostly of crab , shrimp , fish , octopus and squid .
a pygmy sperm whale who was found beached at la jolla shores friday was in critical condition at seaworld saturday .
1994 .
pygmy sperm whale
( on - line ) . accessed december 4 , 1999 at urltoken .
source unidentified , pygmy sperm whale , page 88 , provided by karin cooper , fairbanks , alaska , 1996 .
the skull that acts to produce the sounds for echolocation . although the pygmy sperm
the second unknown behavior of the pygmy sperm whales was a process of regurgitation .
a pygmy killer whale calf with shark bite wounds . photo by dan mcsweeney .
neuron numbers in sensory cortices of five delphinids compared to a physeterid , the pygmy sperm whale . - pubmed - ncbi
pygmy sperm whale on the beach . by inwater research group - own work , cc by - sa 4 . 0
at sea it is often difficult to separate the pygmy sperm whale from the dwarf sperm whale . externally the only real difference is that the latter has a larger more prominent dorsal fin .
diet : a squid lover , the pygmy sperm whale sometimes preys on fish and crustaceans . it is believed that the pygmy sperm whale uses its eyesight to locate food in the deep as many of the squid it takes are light emitting .
more information about the dwarf and pygmy sperm whales at noaa’s southwest fisheries science center .
facts on dwarf and pygmy sperm whales ( kogia sp ) . - ocean blue adventures
not much is known about pygmy sperm whales reproduction and mating . it is known that
the classification of the pygmy sperm whale . the american naturalist of 1871 had an article describing the current state of classification of
long , , d . j . 1991 . apparent predation by a whale shark on carcharodon carcharias on a pygmy sperm whale kogia breviceps . fisheiry bulletin 538 - 540 .
sighting notes : similar in appearance to the pygmy sperm whale , but has a larger dorsal fin , generally set nearer the middle of the back . also , the dwarf sperm whale’s blowhole is positioned further forward .
. an adult sperm whale can eat about a ton of food each day .
another view of the pygmy killer whale calf with shark bite wounds . photo by robin baird .
pygmy sperm whales resemble dwarf sperm whales and were not recognised as a separate species until 1966 . as with the dwarf sperm whale , the pygmy sperm whale appears to have an unusual defence mechanism . when startled , it releases a cloud of reddish - brown intestinal fluid and then dives . this may act as a decoy very similar to that of squid ink .
dwarf sperm whales ( kogia sima ) and pygmy sperm whales ( kogia breviceps ) are the only two members of the family kogiidae , and both species are found in hawaiian waters . in our work we ' ve encountered dwarf sperm whales 84 times between 2002 and 2017 , while we ' ve seen pygmy sperm whales on only six occasions . however , pygmy sperm whales strand much more frequently than dwarf sperm whales in hawai‘i .
in baltimore reported adult pygmy sperm whales can eat 25 - 30 lb . daily . their relatives ,
similar to squids , pygmy sperm whales use an ink - like liquid to evade and deter predators .
key west — a juvenile pygmy sperm whale that volunteers tended round the clock for more than four months died early wednesday in a freak accident .
a pygmy sperm whale who was found beached at la jolla shores friday was in critical condition at seaworld saturday . ( photo courtesy of seaworld )
the small size and solitary behavior of the pygmy sperm whale makes them an ideal target for larger predators looking for an easy , defenseless meal .
have 12 - 16 teeth on each side and their blowhole is slightly displaced to the left . these two traits distinguish the pygmy sperm whale ,
the dorsal fin is also smaller in size when compared to the dwarf sperm whale .
breaches , landing in the water tail first . also like the great sperm whale ,
dwarf sperm whale with apparent line injury on dorsal fin . photo by annie douglas .
pygmy sperm whales , kogia breviceps , feed on octopuses , squid , crab , fish , and shrimp .
june 30 , 1995 .
pygmy sperm whale hawaiian stock
( on - line ) . accessed december 4 , 1999 at http : / / swfsc . ucsd . sars . pygmy _ hi . htm .
the pygmy sperm ( kogia breviceps ) is a small grey whale up to 4 metres long , which is more often seen after stranding than at sea . it too has spermaceti oil in its head . the pygmy is hard to distinguish from the very much rarer dwarf sperm whale ( kogia simus ) .
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in terms of size the pygmy sperm whale is slightly larger than its smaller cousin ( the dwarf sperm whale ) measuring between 9 1 / 2 – 11 1 / 2 ft . long and typically weighing between 600 – 1 , 000 pounds .
so a pygmy sperm whale is the most interesting thing i’ve found on the beach . it’s not the montauk monster , but it was far more interesting .
whale has ears , the earholes are plugged with wax . this whale actually
hears
water , a behavior the japanese name uik - kujira or floating whale . the whale would
brain than in many other odontocete brains examined , i . e . bottlenose dolphin , common dolphin , beluga whale and even sperm whale (
can be confused with : pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale are somewhat difficult to distinguish at sea . pygmy sperm whales grow to somewhat greater total lengths , and have smaller , more rounded dorsal fins , set farther back on the body . there is some degree of overlap in most of characteristics of these 2 species , and identifications must be made cautiously .
adult pygmy sperm whales range from 2 . 7 – 3 . 4 meters in length . they have three stomachs
several lineages of sperm whale were alive during the miocene epoch , from 5m to 24m years ago , but they suddenly became much less diverse during climatic cooling at the end of the epoch . today , there are only three living species : the sperm whale , the pygmy sperm whale and the dwarf sperm whale . modern sperm whales have smaller teeth in the lower jaw and are almost toothless in the upper jaw . they feed on squid at depth , which they capture by sucking in water .
pygmy sperm whales grow up to 14 feet in length and are similar to the great sperm whales for which they are named , according to the american cetacean society .
mystic — a pygmy sperm whale that surprised researchers by living far longer than expected died recently in its outdoor holding tank at the back of the mystic marinelife aquarium .
2d ct slice of the head in sagittal view of a pygmy sperm whale ( kogia breviceps ) demonstrating densities in the melon ( circles ) . ( related poster )
during the middle of the miocene epoch , between about 13m and 12m years ago , the sea which once blanketed present - day peru was home to an array of marine predators of gargantuan proportions . the famous
megashark
carcharocles megalodon swam these waters and so did the prehistoric cousins of the modern sperm whale , called physeteroids . this group of ancient sperm whales is only represented by three species today ( the sperm whale , the dwarf sperm whale , and the pygmy sperm whale ) , but the sperm whales of the miocene were quite distinct from their extant cousins .
the sperm whale was named for the valuable spermaceti oil ( wax ) that this whale produces in the spermaceti organ ( located in its head ) .
a pygmy sperm whale that beached itself on la jolla shores was in critical condition saturday as veterinarians and other animal - care specialists from seaworld worked to save its life .
male sperm whales can reach up to 20 metres in length , making it the largest toothed whale .
the pygmy sperm whales is a very rarely sighted marine mammal due to its small size , oceanic habitat and inactive nature .
clarke mr ( 1980 ) cephalopoda in the diet of sperm whales of the southern hemisphere and their bearing on sperm whale biology . discovery reports 37 : 1–324
the pygmy sperm whale is amongst the smallest of all whales ; they are about 1 . 2m at birth , growing to around 4m at maturity . adults weigh about 400kg .
the pygmy sperm whale rarely visits canadian waters . the animals reach about 3 . 6 metres when full grown and eat octopus , squid , crab fish and shrimp . this whale likely mistook the plastic for one of those creatures .
records from india : that there are two distinct species of small sperm whales , the dwarf and the pygmy , was recognised relatively recently . older records have therefore lumped the two together . from india , there are records of the pygmy sperm whale from visakhapatnam and trivandrum . with the available information , it is not clear whether these are distinct from the records of the dwarf sperm whale from the same localities .
cascadia research and the wild whale research foundation are continuing studies of this species in hawai‘i . in early december 2008 the first - ever satellite tag was deployed on a pygmy killer whale off the island of hawai‘i to examine movements , and another satellite tag was deployed on a pygmy killer whale in april 2009 .
the dwarf sperm whale has a shark - like profile ( but with a more pointed snout than the pygmy sperm whale ) , gray and white countershading , and a light pigment block resembling a shark’s gill slit on the side of its head . generally , a pair of short grooves similar to those in beaked whales is present on the dwarf sperm whale throat . it contains spermaceti in its melon .
diet pygmy sperm whale only have teeth in their bottom jaws ( between 20 and 32 teeth ) , which are used to consume squid and , less commonly , crustaceans and small fish .
the sperm whale ( physeter macrocephalus ) is the largest of the toothed whales , with males growing up to 20 metres in length . the sperm whale also has the largest brain of any living animal , and it was a sperm whale that was pitted against captain ahab in herman melville’s classic novel , moby dick ( 2 ) .
nowadays the dwarf sperm whale is generally classified as one of two species , along with the pygmy sperm whale , in the kogiidae family and kogia genus , however it was not until 1966 that the two species were regard as separate and even more recently kogiidae was regarded as a subfamily of physeteridae .
there have been no reports of a pygmy killer whale dying as a result of hawaii’s long - line tuna and swordfish fishery . but the mouth of a pygmy killer whale stranded on oahu in 2006 had hook and line marks , indicating fishing lines affect the animals .
satellite tagged pygmy killer whale with companions ( including hifa006 , photo above ) , december 7 , 2008 . photo by robin baird .
taxonomy nowadays the dwarf sperm whale is generally classified as one of two species , along with the pygmy sperm whale , in the kogiidae family and kogia genus , however it was not until 1966 that the two species were regard as separate and even more recently kogiidae was regarded as a subfamily of physeteridae .
the pygmy sperm whale is largely a solitary mammal that prefers traveling alone or in small groups although they may be found traveling in small pods of up to 8 other whales during certain times .
a pygmy sperm whale that washed up on a beach near mackay harbour in north queensland could have died after it was caught in fishing gear , from swallowing plastic bags or just old age .
the dwarf and pygmy sperm whales are the only two extant species in the family kogiidae , and as their name suggests they are small compared to their distant cousin the sperm whale . like sperm whales , their mouth is on the underside of their body , but unlike sperm whales they have very few and very small teeth that are sharply pointed and curved . like sperm whales , they are suction feeders and eat mostly squid .
pygmy and dwarf sperm whales are probably not rare , but are not common sightings , because of their offshore distribution and small group sizes .
the pygmy and dwarf sperm whales are two little known deep ocean dwelling cetaceans . their habit of lying motionless near the sea surface far from shore makes them difficult to detect . pygmy sperm whales are though to be more pelagic and dwarf sperm whales more coastal ( reeves et al . 2002 ) . pygmy sperm whales have been seen from japan , hawaii , washington state south to chile and the tasman sea ( reeves et al . ) . dwarf sperm whales are recorded from japan to british columbia south to new zealand and chile .
specifically , staudinger and colleagues hoped to identify differences , if any , in ecological niches occupied by pygmy and dwarf sperm whales . these smaller cousins of the sperm whale were once thought to be a single species until modern analyses showed they are genetically distinct .
when a potential predator is nearby the pygmy sperm whale can use echolocation to identify the threat and will release a dark ink cloud to block the view of its predator so that it can escape .
an inquisitive pygmy killer whale off the bow of our research vessel , off o‘ahu in october 2010 . photo by robin w . baird .
pygmy killer whale with healing injury on mouth - line , probably due to an interaction with a line fishery . photo by russ andrews .
the sperm whale is found in all of the oceans of the world , except the high arctic ( 6 ) .
pygmy sperm whales are found singly or in groups of two to three individuals . however , they are rarely sighted at sea , so most of what we know about this species comes from stranded animals . pygmy sperm whales are also one of the most commonly stranded species in nsw .
the whale , an 8 - foot - long male weighing about 500 pounds , was stranded on the atlantic coast of long island in july with a bile - duct obstruction . the pygmy sperm whale is a warm - water species that occasionally travels into colder waters .
now accepted as a distinct species , the dwarf sperm whale is found throughout much of the worlds tropical and temperate oceans .
vidal o ( 1987 ) recent records of pygmy sperm whales in the gulf of california , mexico . marine mammal sci 3 ( 4 ) : 354–356
taxonomy nowadays the dwarf sperm whale is generally classified as one of two species , along with the pygmy sperm whale , in the kogiidae family and kogia genus , however it was not until 1966 that the two species were regard as separate and even more recently kogiidae was regarded as a subfamily ( kogiinae ) of physeteridae . ( wiki )
nowadays the dwarf sperm whale is generally classified as one of two species , along with the pygmy sperm whale , in the kogiidae family and kogia genus , however it was not until 1966 that the two species were regard as separate and even more recently kogiidae was regarded as a subfamily ( kogiinae ) of physeteridae . ( full text )
wang mc , walker wa , shao kt , chou ls ( 2002 ) comparative analysis of the diets of pygmy sperm whales and dwarf sperm whales in taiwanese waters . acta zoologica taiwanica 13 ( 2 ) : 53–62
a pygmy sperm whale off kona , photo by daniel webster . we see pygmy sperm whales so infrequently we have not obtained many photos . this individual shows the very long back relative to the size of the dorsal fin , the rounded tip of the dorsal fin , and the hump in the back when logging at the surface , all characteristic of this species .
there are very few , probably less than 200 individuals , in this distinct pygmy killer whale population off the islands . the population’s limited number make it more vulnerable than other whale populations to potentially harmful human behavior .
oelschläger ha , kemp b ( 1998 ) ontogenesis of the sperm whale brain . j comp neurol , 399 : 210 - 228
the sperm whale is a toothed whale that lives in pods . it has a huge brain that weighs about 20 pounds ( 9 kg ) ; it is the largest brain of any animal . the sperm whale has a single blowhole that is s - shaped and about 20 inches long . the blowhole is located on the left side of the front if its huge head . the sperm whale has a 4 - 12 inch thick layer of blubber .
the sperm whale was named by the early whalers who discovered whitish oil in the whale’s head and thought the fluid looked like semen . it is possible that this spermaceti oil helps to focus the sound emitted during echolocation , and to stun the whale’s prey .
caldwell , d . k . and m . c . caldwell . 1989 . pygmy sperm whale kogia breviceps ; dwarf sperm whale kogia simus . pp . 235 - 260 in ( s . h . ridgway and r . harrison ( eds . ) . handbook of marine mammals : river dolphins and the large toothed whales . academic press , london .
beak analysis from cephalopod remains showed the diet of pygmy sperm whales to be more diverse than that of the dwarf species , the researchers report , and prey sizes were slightly larger for the pygmy than for the dwarf , but not statistically significantly so .
well , it turns out that there was one a large sperm whale that didn’t use its massive teeth and jaws to hunt squid .
fossil hunters have recovered the remains of an ancient sperm whale that boasted one of the largest bites of any predator that ever lived .
an adult dwarf sperm whale off the island of hawai‘i . photo by daniel webster . note the blunt head and large dorsal fin .
gomez - villota f ( 2006 ) sperm whale diet in new zealand . unpublished mappsc thesis , auckland university of technology , 231 pp
sperm whales produce ambergris , a dark , waxy substance ( related to cholesterol ) that is produced in the lower intestines , and is sometimes found containing squid beaks . ambergris may help protect the sperm whale from the stings on the giant squid , its major food . large lumps of ambergris may be vomited up by the sperm whale .
pygmy sperm whales are known from deep waters in tropical to warm temperate zones of all oceans . they appear to be especially common over and near the continental slope .
generally , the mammals don ' t live much longer than a few weeks once they have beached themselves , said george donnelly of the mystic aquarium . in 140 years , no one has restored a beached pygmy sperm whale to health .
poth c , fung c , güntürkün o , ridgway sh , oelschläger hha ( 2005 ) neuron numbers in sensory cortices of five delphinids compared to a physeterid , the pygmy sperm whale . brain res bull , 66 : 357 - 360
the sperm whale – physeter macrocephalus – is an oddball among living cetaceans . as big as many of its baleen - bearing cousins , yet armed with a lower jaw full of teeth slung below its blunt head , the sperm whale is the largest predaceous vertebrate in the sea .
i knew that i had come across a pygmy sperm whale . i was quite surprised . i ran back to tell my parents , who followed me closesly back to the whale . by then a crowd had gathered aroud the whale . and suddenly found myself like george costanza , an impromptu marine biologist . i explained the taxonomy of the species and how it was related to the bigger sperm whale that everyone knows . i explained how its jagged teeth helped it catch squid , which are its primary food source .
for the first time , researchers know how much fish a pygmy sperm whale needs to eat daily to maintain or gain weight , what is contained in the mammal ' s feces and how it might attempt to defend itself in the wild .
we ' ve been accumulating records for 150 years and of the 15 specimens that we ' ve got of the pygmy sperm whale in the museum they ' ve all come from the coast between brisbane and rockhampton ,
he said .
though there are sightings of solitary individuals , most of the whales travel in small pods of 3 - 6 . like the great sperm whale ,
sperm whale dives can last up to 2 hours and reach depths of up to 3 , 000 metres , making it the deepest diving mammal .
pygmy sperm whales are found either singly or in small groups of 3 - 5 . they are infrequently seen in the wild as they avoid marine traffic . strandings are found on coasts in the southeastern united states , some are found alive either as single individuals or cows with their calves . attempts to rescue stranded pygmy sperm whales have been unsuccessful .
download the above for information on how to distinguish between pygmy killer whales and melon - headed whales .
pygmy sperm whales are the second - most common species to strand in florida , after bottlenose dolphins . they almost always die after stranding , and none is alive in captivity .
adult pygmy sperm whales are 2 . 7 to 3 . 4 m long , and newborns are about 1 . 2 m . adults may weigh as much as 400 kg .
another very distinctive dwarf sperm whale off kona . photo by daniel webster . we have also found that dwarf sperm whales , like their larger cousin the sperm whale , often shed skin even when just resting at the surface , and we have been able to collect several samples for genetic analyses just by looking in the
fluke prints
of whales after they dive .
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arkive species - sperm whale ( physeter macrocephalus )
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could be confused with : there is a possibility of confusion with the dwarf sperm whale kogia simus . the two species can be distinguished as follows :
but these animals aren ' t long lived , i think the longevity in pygmy sperm whales is about 25 years so at some stage they ' ve got to die .
3d volume rendering technique ( vrt ) reconstruction from ct scans of the head in mid - sagittal view of a pygmy sperm whale ( kogia breviceps ) demonstrating the positions of the melon ( anterior section of blue transparency ) , skull , and soft tissues .
pygmy killer whale rolling at the surface , december 2008 . photo by robin baird . note the scarring on the mouth - line , probably due to interaction with a line fishery .
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i knew what i had come across . a few months before , i had purchased a guide book to the marine mammals of north america . i had learned that there were three species of sperm whale . one was the cachalot , the great whale that grappled with giant squid many fathoms down below the surface . it was the species immortalized in melville’s moby dick . the other two were much smaller . the one most common on the east coast is the pygmy sperm whale , and it is better known for being a light shade gray and a more conical head shape . the other species of sperm whale is also small . it is called the dwarf sperm whale . it has a squarer head and darker coloration . it also has a larger dorsal fin in proportion to its body size .
caldwell , d . k . , j . h . prescott and m . c . caldwell : production of pulsed sounds by the pigmy sperm whale ,
pygmy and dwarf sperm whales are very difficult to detect , except in extremely calm seas . pygmy sperm whales have a shark - like head with a narrow underslung lower jaw . the flippers are set high on the sides near the head . the small falcate dorsal fin ( < 5 % of the body length ) is usually set well behind the midpoint of the back .
sperm whales ( physeter macrocephalus ) are toothed whales ( suborder odontoceti ) although dna analysis shows that the sperm whale is actually more closely related to the baleen whales . these whales are one of 76 cetacean species and are marine mammals .
stranded specimens : present in the lower jaw are 10 to 16 pairs of thin , inward curved and sharp - pointed teeth , whilst no teeth are present in the upper jaw . the teeth have been described as being ' strongly reminiscent of the teeth of pythons’ . the number of teeth makes it easy to distinguish a dead pygmy sperm whale from a dwarf sperm whale k . simus ( q . v . ) .
she adds that isotopic tracer data suggest these two rare species , while not exactly the same , showed no significant differences in foraging parameters . “we found the ecologic niche of the two species is very similar in u . s . atlantic waters , which is consistent with other global studies , ” staudinger summarizes . “the pygmy sperm whale consumes a greater diversity and size of prey , which means they may be diving deeper than dwarf sperm whales to feed , this makes sense because pygmy sperm whales grow to larger sizes than dwarf sperm whales , however , this could also be an artifact of small sample sizes . ”
santoro , a . k . i . marten , and t . w . crawford . 1989 . pygmy sperm whale sound kogia breviceps . pp . 59 in abstracts of the 8th biennial conferenc eon the biology of marinn mammals . pacific grove , ca , usa .
baird , r . w . , d . nelson , j . lien and d . w . nagorsen . 1996 . the status of the pygmy sperm whale , kogia breviceps , in canada . canadian field - naturalist 110 : 525 - 532 . download pdf copy
whales or toothed whales . the other two odontocete whales are the larger sperm whales
the sperm whale is by far the largest of the toothed whales , and the size difference between males and females is much more marked than in any other whale species . males are about 18 metres long and weigh 32–45 tonnes , and are up to 40 % longer and 300 % heavier than females . the sperm whale’s brain weighs almost 10 kilograms , and is the heaviest of any animal .
the sperm whale is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and is listed under appendix i of cites ( 4 ) .
the pygmy sperm whale , very similar to the dwarf sperm whale in appearances , is seldom seen as it prefers living in the deep waters that are far away from the shore . for this reason , there is not much known about its behaviour and habits . it is usually seen when it is floating at the surface of the water , in its resting position , with its back and head bobbing lazily out of the water .
generally regarded more as a common species rather than abundant , the threat the pygmy sperm whale faces is not direct hunting , although this does occur . rather , the increasing incidence of entanglement in nets and ingestion of marine pollution such as plastic bags is the main threat .
dr van dyck says there is no shortage of the pygmy whales and the mammals are found world - wide .
this whale is a bluish gray color with a lighter pinkish colored under body .
in efficient click production that the whale has lost the ability to produce whistles .
pygmy sperm whales rely on echolocation in order to hunt for food and navigate the ocean and may have difficulty distinguishing sounds due to human created sounds becoming more and more common in their aquatic habitat .
falcate dorsal fin is located to the rear of the midback . unlike the giant sperm
the pygmy sperm whale ' s diet largely consists of a variety of squid and cuttlefish however they are also known to take shrimp , crabs and some fish . they are thought to forage over a range of ocean depths , which includes some time feeding on or near the ocean bottom .
table of contents showtoctoggle (
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) 1 taxonomy 2 physical description 3 population and distribution 4 human interaction 5 see also 6 references taxonomy nowadays the dwarf sperm whale is generally classified as one of two species , along with the pygmy sperm whale , in the kogiidae family and kogia genus , however it was not until 1966 that the two species were regard as separate and even more recently kogiidae was regarded as a subfamily of physeteridae .
the name for this newly discovered whale is quite literary . its name is leviathan melvillei . leviathan– for the sea creature that is mentioned in the book of job . melvillei– for the author who created the image of the fierce sperm whale in the public consciousness .
whether or not their teeth are necessary for hunting prey is uncertain as their larger sperm whale relative is known to successfully capture prey without teeth and even with a deformed jaw .
found in : pygmy sperm whales may be primarily oceanic . however , they tend to stay close to or over the continental slope . they feed on squid , fish and crabs from both deep and shallow water .
sperm whales , which can be found throughout the mediterranean sea , typically feed on squid .
the small , stocky body of the pygmy sperm whale is dark grey or blue - grey on top and pale on its belly . in some individuals , this paler belly has a slightly pink colouration . the body can appear wrinkled in many cases . its blowhole is situated ahead of its eyes , on the top of its head , which is far further forward than most other whale species .
pygmy sperm whales , kogia breviceps , may be found in all temperate , sub - tropical , and tropical waters . they are not known to migrate . population figures are unknown , but they are not considered endangered .
baird , r . w . 2005 . sightings of dwarf ( kogia sima ) and pygmy ( k . breviceps ) sperm whales from the main hawaiian islands . pacific science 59 : 461 - 466 . download pdf copy
the sperm whale captures its prey by diving deep into the ocean’s trenches . it reaches depths of 3 , 000 metres , descending at a rate of over 100 metres a minute . the whale can stay there up to an hour and , in the dark , find its prey by echolocation . on surfacing , the whale takes 45–50 breaths to re - oxygenate .
sperm whales are found in many open oceans , both in tropical and cool waters . sperm whales live at the surface of the ocean but dive very deeply to catch the giant squid .
i had an encounter with a dead pygmy sperm whale that washed up on the beach on the outer banks of north carolina . i had been walking on the beach that morning , as was my normal custom . i saw this pinkish thing off in the distance , and people were stopping to look at it .
scott , m . d . and j . g . cordaro . 1987 . behavioral observations of the dwarf sperm whale , kogia simus . marine mammal science 3 : 353 - 354 .
a 4 . 5 tonne sperm whale that washed ashore in southern spain died from ingesting large amounts of plastic sheets used in greenhouses on farms in the region , a scientist said thursday .
baird , r . w .
pygmy killer whale
encyclopedia of marine mammals . ed bernd würsig , j . g . m . thewissen , kit kovacs . 3rd edition . elsevier inc . 2018 . download pdf copy
and the slightly smaller dwarf sperm whales . see table 1 and figure 1 . it has been
pygmy killer whales , one of the most poorly - known species of dolphins in the world , are observed at least several times a year within hawaiian waters . through photo id’s , they ( unlike pygmy killer whales anywhere else in the world ) seem to be “regular” residents – never leaving the coastline . our onboard studies have shown that oahu has it’s own resident pod of pygmy killer whales .
the whale is being treated inside a rehabilitation pool at the park’s animal health and rescue center .
solve the 1 - digit addition problems , then do letter substitutions to answer a whale question .
solve the 1 - digit subtraction problems , then do letter substitutions to answer a whale question .
for the best tips to spot this elusive species , visit our whale watching tips and guidelines .
the modern sperm whale , for all its ferocious teeth , is a gentle giant compared with its ancestors ( click to enlarge ) . illustration : the royal natural history / richard lydekker ( 1893 )
there has been no documented case of a pygmy killer whale being hurt by sonar . but there’s low probability anyone would be able to document such harm given the whales are so rare and because they generally spend their time miles offshore .
habitat : dwarf sperm whales are oceanic animals , moving across and over the continental shelf to feed .
the lack of information about the pygmy sperm whale ' s social structure makes life history data difficult to gather . most of what is known is obtained from the many single animals or occasionally mothers with calves that strand . the gestation period is thought to be about 12 months and it appears likely that females give birth on a yearly basis .
the researchers , who were led by dr . christian de muizon , realized they had discovered something unusual . they had discovered a predatory form of sperm whale that did not live mostly on giant squid .
people spotted the whale swimming in the harbour , moving slowly with injuries to its neck and tail .
the pygmy sperm whale uses echolocation to detect its prey and they occur in small groups of 6 - 10 individuals . it has a spermaceti organ in its forehead ( hence the name ) and a sac in its intestines that contains a dark red fluid that is expelled when it is frightened , a feature that is used to confuse and disorient predators .
only one species of the genus kogia ( k . breviceps ) was recognized until 1966 , when studies clearly showed the pygmy and dwarf ( k . sima ) sperm whales to be distinct species ( handley 1966 , chivers et al . 2005 ) .
sperm whales are the deepest diving whales . although they live at the surface they dive to hunt giant squid
dwarf sperm whales are usually solitary creatures but have occasionally been seen in small groups . ( full text )
the common sperm whale is the largest predator on earth . the great rorquals , such as the fin and blue whale , are quite a bit larger , but they are not considered true predators . they are filter feeders , who rely upon the baleen in their mouths to strain out tiny fish and krill for sustenance .
group sizes tend to be small , most often less than five individuals ( although groups of up to 10 have been recorded ) . this species , like the pygmy sperm whale , is shy and undemonstrative when observed at sea . they often drift motionless at the surface . when startled , dwarf sperm whales may leave a large rust - colored cloud of fecal material behind as they dive . in at least one area , there appears to be a calving peak in summer .
through their discovery and description , brygomophyseter , zygophyseter , acrophyseter , and livyatan have fleshed out the wider evolutionary context for the extant sperm whale . the cachalot is the suction - feeding remnant of a lineage of rapacious , predatory whales which were the equivalent of orcas in their ecosystems , and we now know that some of the traits previously thought to be unique adaptations of the living sperm whale are actually many millions of years old .
volunteers searched the lagoon and found the whale underwater and unresponsive . they tried to resuscitate her but failed .
general description : the pygmy sperm whale has a sharklike appearance . it has a robust body with a short head . in larger animals , the head is boxlike or rectangular , at times bulbous . the lower jaw ends well behind the tip of the snout . there is no beak and the tail stock is narrow . the nose is swollen and filled with spermaceti .
my suspicions were furth substantiated when i read about this indo - pacific bottlenosed dolphin in new zealand . this dolphin had helped a female pygmy sperm whale and her calf that came to close to the shore . the dolphin guided the whales back away from the beach and into deeper water . perhaps that was what the atlantic bottlenose dolphins were doing that day in north carolina .
now , those were the facts i knew about sperm whales . they are pretty much just strange toothed whales .
this new specimen should give us additional information about the past diversity of sperm whales ,
said lambert .
pygmy sperm whales are countershaded , ranging from dark grty on the back to white below . often the belly has a pinkish tone . there is a light coloured bracket mark , dubbed the
false gill
, along the side between the eye and the flipper .
for the investigation , which used two complementary methods to characterize whale foraging ecology , staudinger and colleagues at the university of north carolina wilmington ( unc ) analyzed stomach contents collected by the marine mammal stranding network from 22 pygmy and nine dwarf sperm whales found dead on the mid - atlantic coast between 1998 and 2011 . study results appear in the april issue of marine mammal science .
willis , p . m . , and r . w . baird . 1998 . status of the dwarf sperm whale ( kogia simus ) in canada . canadian field - naturalist 112 : 114 - 125 . download pdf copy
this is important information , staudinger says , because if these two species show no evidence of resource partitioning there are likely enough food resources to support both their populations in the region . though if resources shifted or became limiting , pygmy sperm whales would likely have an advantage over dwarf sperm whales as they show evidence of being able to exploit a wider range of food resources and habitats .
handley , c . o . 1966 . a synopsis of the genus kogia ( pygmy sperm whales ) . pp 62 - 69 in whales , dolphins and porpoises ( norris , k . s . , ed ) . university of california press , los angeles , california .
even though it was about the same size as the modern sperm whale , this creature was like a giant orca ; for instead of eating giant squid , its diet most likely consisted of other marine mammals , including other whales .
however , there are two other species that are quite a bit smaller . these are the two whales in the genus kogia — the dwarf and the pygmy sperm whales . they are significantly smaller than the cachalot . they are both dolphin - sized creatures . like the common sperm whale , both of these creatures have spermaceti organs in their heads . both also carry a reddish substance in their intestines . if they are spooked , they will release that substance . it is thought to be used in the same way as the octopus’s ink . the predator becomes confounded in the substance , allowing the little whale to escape .
we also know sperm whales from herman melville’s moby dick , which is partly based upon a true story of a bull sperm whale that rammed a whaling ship in the south pacific . bulls are known to be quite protective of their cows , and it is not an urban legend that they might ram a ship to in defense of their females .
a post - mortem last week showed that the whale died of an abscess deep in its right lung . the abscess appeared to have been caused by a pine needle the whale had inhaled , veterinarian j . lawrence dunn said .
diagnostic features : at sea , size of the whale ( up to 3 . 4 m long ) , false gill , low and sickle - shaped dorsal fin , rust - coloured fecal stain left by the whale when alarmed .
this whale was dated to 12 million years ago , and although it may be a bit speculative , it suggests that the common sperm whales evolved from a group of giant predatory whales that later became more specialized as the ecology changed .
this sperm whale could firmly hold large prey with its interlocking teeth , inflict deep wounds and tear large pieces from the body of the victim ,
the researchers write in the journal nature ( vol 466 , p 105 ) .
the aquarium expressed disappointment at the whale ' s death , but donnelly said the rescue effort was not in vain .
researchers found that the whale , like an octopus using ink , may release a substance to hide itself from enemies .
citation :
pygmy sperm whales , kogia breviceps ~ marinebio . org .
marinebio conservation society . web . accessed monday , july 9 , 2018 . < urltoken > . last update : 1 / 14 / 2013 2 : 22 : 00 pm ~ contributor ( s ) : marinebio
huggenberger s , andré m , oelschläger h ( 2014 ) the nose of the sperm whale : overviews of functional design , structural homologies and evolution . j mar biol ass uk : 11 - 24 . doi : 10 . 1017 / s0025315414001118 .
pygmy killer whales prior to deployment of a suction - cup attached time - depth recorder / vhf radio tag , used to study diving behavior . photo by robin baird .
when i got closer , i realized it was a whale , and not only that , i knew what it was .
such was the fate of the whaler known as the essex . it was sunk when a bull sperm whale rammed it , and the whalers had to escape in their smaller whale chasing boats across the south pacific . a really good account can be found in this book . let’s just say that the story includes cannibalism , including sucking the marrow out of another human’s bones .
the cachalot or the common sperm whale ( physeter macrocephalus ) is the one most think of when considering these toothed whales . it is a relatively large whale , reaching lengths in excess of 65 feet . it is known for having the largest brain of any living mammal , and it is also known diving to great depths to grapple with giant squid , its main prey source .
killer sperm whales were not just restricted to the waters of prehistoric south america . in 2006 researchers toshiyuki kimura , yoshikazu hasegawa , and lawrence barnes reassessed 15 - 14m - year - old fossil remains from japan which had been attributed to a little - known physeteroid called scaldicetus . this genus had been established on the basis of a few isolated teeth from belgium , but when further fossil remains of the whale from japan were found they were distinctive enough to establish the new genus of killer sperm whale , brygmophyseter .
oelschläger hha , ridgway sh , knauth m ( 2010 ) cetacean brain evolution : dwarf sperm whale ( kogia sima ) and common dolphin ( delphinus delphis ) – an investigation with high - resolution 3d mri . brain behav evol , 75 : 33 - 62
the head of the pygmy sperm whale is short and supports a bulbous snout that becomes blunter with age . the snout contains the spermaceti organ . the short narrow underslung mouth is characteristic of the family kogiidae group and in this species contains 12 to 16 pairs of teeth in the lower jaw . the overall upper body colour is a bluish steel grey , which fades to a dull white below the head , body , flippers and flukes .


melanothrix nymphaliaria is a moth in the eupterotidae family .

it was described by walker in 1866 .

it is found on java , sumatra and borneo and possibly also in the philippines .

the habitat consists of lowland forests .

adult males have an almost triangular white patch on the forewing costa postmedially with a straight exterior margin .

females have a basal black patch on the forewings with a central extension that almost reaches the marginal black area .

melanothrix nymphaliaria

home » animalia - animals » lepidoptera - butterflies and moths » eupterotidae » melanothrix nymphaliaria albidior » 5 - 000 - 000 - 009 - 605 . jpg
select a genus & species eupterote hubner - eupterote multiarcuata holloway - eupterote naessigi sp . n . - eupterote obsolete talbot - eupterote niassana rothschild - eupterote asclepiades felder comb . n . - eupterote muluana sp . n . - eupterote harmani sp . n . ganisa walker - ganisa plana walker - ganisa similis moore pseudojana hampson - pseudojana perspicuifascia - pseudojana obscura sp . n . melanothrix felder - melanothrix nymphaliaria walker - melanothrix latevittata grunberg - melanothrix fumosa swinhoe - melanothrix alternans pagenstecher
melanothrix ( eupterotini ) ; forbes , 1955 , tijdschr . ent . 98 : 129
melanothrix felder , 1874 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 4 ) : pl . 94 , f . 2 ; ts : melanothrix pulchricolor felder
gnophos nymphaliaria walker , 1866 , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus . , 35 : 1598 melanothrix pulchricolor felder , 1874 , in felder & rogenhofer , reise oest . fregatte novara ( zool . ) 2 ( abt . 2 ) , p . 194 : 2 euterote coryna swinhoe , 1893 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) , 12 : 211 . melanothrix albidior rothschild , 1910 melanothrix radiata grunberg , 1914 , ent . rundschau 31 : 21 , syn . n . melanothrix leucotrigona sundaensis holloway , 1976 : 54 , syn . n .
gnophos nymphaliaria waker , 1866 , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus . , 35 : 1598 . melanothrix pulchricolor felder , 1874 , in felder & rogenhofer , reise oest . fregatte novara ( zool . ) 2 ( abt . 2 ) , p . 194 : 2 . euterote ( sic ) coryna swinhoe , 1893 , ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) , 12 : 211 . melanothrix atropurpurea aurivillius , 1894 , ent . tidskr . 15 : 172 . ssp . albidior rothschild . melanothrix albidior rothschild , 1910 , novit . zool . 17 : 463 . melanothrix radiata grunberg , 1914 , ent . rundschau 31 : 21 , syn . n . melanthrix leucotrigona sundaensis holloway , 1976 : 54 , syn . n .
melanothrix pulchricolor felder , 1874 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 4 ) : pl . 94 , f . 2 , ( 5 ) ( erklärung ) 6 ; tl : java ; philippines
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association of males and females still unreconfirmed to wait for the barcode data ( w . f . nassig )
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
walker , 1866 list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 31 : 1 - 322 ( [ 1865 ] ) , 32 : 323 - 706 ( 1865 ) , 33 : 707 - 1120 ( 1865 ) , 34 : 1121 - 1534 ( [ 1866 ] ) , 35 : 1535 - 2040 ( 1866 )
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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do you know what is on photography ? add determination commentary near this photos .
podívejte se na meloidae namibie bologna . 2018 měl by to být hycleus brinski kaszab 1956 . také jsem ho měl zařazený u rodu ceroctis .
to me this looks like a typical specimen of kuschelina bergi ( harold , 1881 ) .