lopinga achine , the woodland brown , is a butterfly in the family nymphalidae .

the species is widely distributed , but uncommon and local in continental europe .

most of the suitable habitats for the species have been transformed to gardening .

the woodland brown may be found in warm openings of damp unmanaged mature forests .

lopinga achine

remarks : lopinga achine occurs locally from france across central and eastern europe to northern asia and japan .
woodland brown lopinga achine scopoli 1763 ( nymphalidae : satyrinae ) is one of the threatened butterflies in finland and europe in general .
bergman k . o . ( 2001 ) population dynamics and the importance of habitat management for conservation of the butterfly lopinga achine . journal of applied ecology , 38 , 1303 - 1313
pararge achine var . jezeonsis matsumura , 1919 ; thous . ins . japan . addit . 3 : 727 ; tl : hokkaido
pararge achine ab . vindobonensis kammel , 1913 ; ent . zs . 27 ( 15 ) : 83 ; tl : rohrwald nr wien
polyargia verity , 1957 ; var . géograph . saison . pap . diurn . fr . ( 3 ) : 436 ; ts : papilio achine scopoli
habitat : lopinga achine needs clear , open forests which are rich in undergrowth and grasses ( carex ! ) and show a larger age diversity . for example , it flies in the coppice woodlands or in floodplain forests along rivers . clear and moist spruce forests are also colonized , while dense , low - light spruce forests provide no habitat .
a beautifully marked and rather rare butterfly . i first saw achine at this one location in côte - d ' or , central france , in late june 2007 , a single tired and worn female , probably the last of the colony . i revisited the site again in early june 2008 and was rewarded with several fresh achine flying , not to mention a couple of scarce fritillaries ( euphydryas maturna ) .
we thank d . cizkova , j . dovala , p . dufkova , l . honc , j . patera , j . piszkiewicz , l . spitzer for enjoyable companionship in the field . zuzana veverkova , our fellow zoologist who was born in a village next to the wood , recalled collecting grass in the wood with her grandmother in the late 1970s . lepidopterists l . honc , m . kralicek , l . stiova and j . uricar , and botanists m . chytry , v . grulich and j . rolecek informed us on their observations from historical lopinga achine sites . we acknowledge funding by the grant agency of the czech republic ( 526 / 04 / 0417 ) , czech department of environment ( vav / 620 / 1 / 03 ) and education ( lc06073 ) .
ceu , s . scandinavia , russia , n . asia , amur , ussuri , japan . see [ maps ]
800x494 ( ~ 45kb ) male open pine / birch forest , akademgorodok [ academy town ] , novosibirsk , west siberia , russia . 20th june 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
682x490 ( ~ 78kb ) upperside male open pine / birch forest , akademgorodok [ academy town ] , novosibirsk , west siberia , russia . 20th june 1998 , photo © oleg kosterin
larva on gramineae , lolium , triticum [ h & r ; ] , agropyron , dactylis , melica , carex spp . [ bru ] , lang , 1884
urals - s . siberia , china , mongolia , korea , japan . see [ maps ]
hipparchia ( pararga ) deidamia eversmann , 1851 ; bull . soc . imp . nat . moscou 24 ( 2 ) : 617 ; tl : irkutsk
pararge deidamia ; [ bow ] : pl . 204 , f . 4 ; [ otakar kudrna ]
800x600 ( ~ 95kb ) underside an open birch / larch forest on a western slope of a mountain massif at the polovinnaya pad ' valley left board few km of the argun ' river left bank 12 km s of the village uryupino , gazimurskozavodskoi district , e chita province , e transbaikalia , siberia , russia . 28th july 1997 , photo © oleg kosterin
1115x856 ( ~ 322kb ) upperside female a road on the akkem river right bank terrace in its lowermost reaches going through a spruce forest , katunskii range northern foot , central [ russian ] altai mts . , ust ' - koksa district , altai republic , west siberia , russia . 7th july 2007 , photo © oleg kosterin
pararge deidamia interrupta fruhstorfer , 1909 ; int . ent . zs . 3 ( 24 ) : 134 ; tl : japan , nikko
pararge deidamia thyria fruhstorfer , 1909 ; int . ent . zs . 3 ( 24 ) : 134 ; tl : c . china ; tsintau
crebeta lehmanni forster , 1980 ; spixiana 3 ( 1 ) : 1 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : nepal , daulaghiri so - seite , 2700m
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
[ bru ] ; tuzov , bogdanov , devyatkin , kaabak , korolev , murzin , samodurov , tarasov , 1997 guide to the butterflies of russia and adjacent territories : hesperiidae , papilionidae , pieridae , satyridae butts . russia adj . terr . 1
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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host plants : the caterpillar feeds on grasses ( cyperaceae and poaceae ) , especially on carex alba , carex brizoides and brachypodium .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
van swaay , c . , wynhoff , i . , verovnik , r . , wiemers , m . , lópez munguira , m . , maes , d . , sasic , m . , verstrael , t . , warren , m . & settele , j .
van swaay , c . & cuttelod , a . ( iucn red list unit )
justification : in europe and the eu27 countries , a population decline of more than 30 % falls within the uncertainty limits for this species ' population decline . therefore , this species is considered as vulnerable . it should however be noted that both the distribution and population size of this species in western and central europe have declined severely during the 20th century ( so before the last ten years ) .
this is a central european species , local and very rare . in spain possibly only in biscay , in france except atlantic coast and south , switzerland , north of italy via slovenia to the east , continuous from southeast germany to the south of finland . 200 - 1 , 500 m . it is also found eastwards across northern central asia to korea and japan . the global distribution area of the species is situated both within and outside europe .
changes in woodland or woodland management are the main threats all over the continent . nevertheless agricultural abandonment and land drainage are important threats in some countries , mainly because the habitat was maintained in a successional change by grazing .
the species is listed on the habitats directive annex 4 and bern convention annex 2 . in countries where the species is declining , important habitats should be protected and managed . the effects of conservation actions should be monitored by a butterfly monitoring scheme . it is important to maintain suitable glades by grazing or clearing at regular intervals to prevent overshading of its habitat . to improve overgrown sites small clearings ( 10 - 30 m in diameter ) should be created , wide enough to allow the sun to reach the ground ( bergman pers . comm . ) .
van swaay , c . , wynhoff , i . , verovnik , r . , wiemers , m . , lópez munguira , m . , maes , d . , sasic , m . , verstrael , t . , warren , m . & settele , j . 2010 .
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2017 photographs highlighted in yellow . click on any photograph to go to an enlarged picture , or simply scroll down the page .
it is a very nervous butterfly , remarkably difficult to approach for a photograph , as these distance shots testify ; any closer and it is off very quickly . the underside is magnificent , as can just about be seen from 15945 and 40676 below . in 2009 it was present in good numbers at this same site , but not present in mid - june 2010 , perhaps the flight period being over by then .
were flying but they were so active , even early in the morning , that photography was impossible . however , a trip a few days later to a site in côte - d ' or searching for
still flying there . 37574 very kindly posed for the camera in overcast conditions .
was only just starting to emerge on 28 may . we saw several very fresh but even more nervous males , hence 40676 as a distance shot being the nearest we could get . contrast this with 2017 , when a visit to the same site revealed an
it has a habit , unique among all butterfly species in my experience , of flying into the dense trees and bushes and rarely settling at less than 2 - 3m above the ground . a good photograph of the underside of this fabulous butterfly is still at the top of my wish list for the future .
a female , very much at the end of the flight period , but photographic opportunities are so infrequent with this species , that anything gets included .
i had this down as a male , possibly based on behaviour , although the extent of the unh white markings matches the illustration of the female in t & l rather better than the male . the sexes are so similar that maybe this is not a reliable pointer , though .
a male , as mentioned in the narrative , the nearest we could get to this early emerger .
a beautifully marked fresh male , taking salts from the droppings of a wild animal that i am not able to identify . it was a rare opportunity to get a close shot , but even on approaching very gently , it was still enough to spook the subject and , despite considerable patience , it did not return .
a female , photographed at the same site only a week or so later , but already showing some fading , even for a female given that they tend to emerge later than the males .
we thank silja kana , juha pöyry and anu tiitsaar for their expert help in the field , karl - olof bergman for giving directions to field sites , ants kaasik for statistical advice , as well as robert b . davis , toomas esperk , freerk molleman and tiit teder for comments on the manuscript . the study was supported by estonian science foundation grant 9294 , targeted financing project sf0180122s08 and by the european union through the european regional development fund ( center of excellence fibir ) as well as the swedish research council formas and the strategic research programme eko klim at stockholm university .
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a review of genetic algorithms based methods relevant to the estimation of the distribution of the woodland brown and similar organisms is given together with an outline of possible applications with this particular finnish example species .
it is included in the list of endangered flora and fauna compiled by the bern convention ( council of europe , 1993 ) and in the habitats directive ( annex iv ; van helsdingen et al , 1996 ) . there are only a few occurrences known in finland ( marttila 1990 ) .
e . g . in sweden there is only one mainland occurrence left ( k - o bergman 2001 ) .
some of these reasons constrain the possible habitat , which seem to have certain microclimate and vegetation requirements .
it seems that the optimal environment of woodland brown resembles more a diverse pastoral idyll of the past slash and burn cultivation ( kaskiviljely ) combined with graze of the resulting wasteland and natural forest fires than the current highly efficient
timberfields
of quite uniform vegetation .
as a result the woodland brown inhabits only a few small patches more or less well connected to a metapopulation ( hanski 1991a ) .
, which is considerably larger area than the previously known largest occurrence in finland in hattula having area of less than 20 . 000m
in all there are about 50 suitable sites of which most were inhabited by woodland brown ( fig . 3 ) .
the first inventory is based on a very short visit ( 5 to 15min ) to most suitable sites by the author during two visits in july 2008 .
currently it seems that there are two close by clusters of habitats ( fig . 3 ) , but that might be just due to lack of observations .
the number of suitable sites has certainly been decreasing due to very active digging of brooks ( ojitus ) to dry the once abundant wetlands .
only the smallest , uneconomical , and most difficult to dry marshes were left surrounded by dense forests .
luckily the found occurrence has a variable topography offering suitable bowls for small marshy glades between low rocky hills ( fig . 2 ) .
there might be also some other geological factors , like nutrients and ph , that has made this area one of the last resorts for the woodland brown in finland .
the small marshy glades are visible in ordinary ( civil ) satellite and aerial images , which gives one way to search for more suitable sites .
it is interesting to notice that in sweden ( and elsewhere ) the mainland occurrence is not related to wetland ( k - o bergman 1999 , 2001 ) .
therefore the marsh itself is not a key factor of a suitable habitat . also the plants that the caterpillar eats are quite common . the adult butterfly does not live long and does not seem to have any special nutritional requirements .
2 . conservation : how to prevent this occurrence from extinction . the occurrence is already surrounded and split by many different main infrastructures .
3 . theory ( biology ) why some species are very abundant while others are very rare , if known at all .
hot topic : a . m . kuris et al , nature 454 , 515 - 518 24 . july 2008 .
one possible factor causing the rarity and patchy occurrences of wood land brown may be some host - parasitoid interactions .
it seems as if woodland brown likes places where there is not many other butterfly species , which might share some parasitoid species with it .
a parasitoid , wasp or fly usually , always kills its host , which seems to lead to highly unstable host - parasitoid population dynamics .
however , there seems to be factors like patchy occurrence that may stabilise this dynamics .
there are certainly differences in the ability of moving from one glade into another between the host and its parasitoids .
there is also an obvious asymmetry of host and parasitoid : while host benefits from finding an unoccupied site the parasitoid has to find a site also already occupied by the host .
host - parasitoid dynamics can be simulated and under some assumptions also be mathematically analysed .
host - parasite model has been used also in ga based optimisation ( hillis 1992 , olssen 1996 ) .
it was therefore natural to consider gas as one tool set to analyse ecology , biodiversity , and distribution related problems .
david stockwell ' s and ian noble ' s garp ( genetic algorithm for rule - set prediction ) has been used in tens of biodiversity and distribution estimation projects gaecolbib .
ecological ga applications have been done also in finland , actually finland is at the very top of most active countries in applying ga based methods in environmental and ecological problems ( table below ) .
to find that there was already at least one study applying gas to the prediction of woodland brown ' s distribution ( h . romo 2006 ) was certainly at least as surprising for the author that it was at first hand for him to find the new occurrence .
i . hanski has developed metapopulation model concept for species having several loosely connected habitats ( hanski 1991 ) .
dramatic change in patch occupancy probability resembling phase transition happens by reduced number of habitats or increased distance between them ( hanski 1991 ) .
( genetic algorithm for rule - set production ) ( stockwell 1992 , 1999 , 2006 ) .
recently new versions of garp have been used in quite many biodiversity and distribution prediction project . we will briefly review some of them below .
desktopgarp is a software package for biodiversity and ecologic research that allows the user to predict and analyze wild species distributions .
- - -
a . t . peterson and his research group ( e . martinez - meyer , m . ortega - huerta , r . anderson ) , have helped to define software requirements , establish short and long - term goals , and test the software .
a set of geographic layers representing the environmental parameters that might limit the species ' survival ( climate , geology ) .
normalized difference vegetation index ( ndvi ) is a much used measure of multi - spectral satellite images .
it has been used with garp for neotropical species of genus coccocypselum distribution prediction ( amaral 2007 ) .
j . bond et al and a . stockman et al have studied the extinction of populations of endemic californian trapdoor spiders apomastus ( tarantula ) ( bond 2006 , stockman 2006 ) .
ecology is closely related to economy . garp has used with estimating conservation economy ( fuller 2007 ) .
estimation of biodiversity in europe has been done using garp ( thuiller 2003 ) .
while many species has difficulties in surviving others are busy invading to new areas potentially causing problems . . .
invading species distribution prediction has also been done with garp ( sanchez - cordero 2000 , christenhusz 2008 ) .
image : centers for disease control and prevention , 1600 clifton rd , atlanta , ga 30333 , u . s . a
phillips et al have compared their maxent entropy model and garp ( phillips 2004 ) .
y . wang et al have also compared garp and the entropy model maxent ( wang 2007 ) .
there seems to be a lively debate about the merits of garp vs . maxent : ( peterson 2007 , phillips 2008 etc )
wildlife planning comparison with eight heuristics including ga have been done by p . bettinger
finally h . romo et al have compared desktop garp and domain by estimating the distribution of thirteen threatened or rare butterflies , including woodland brown in ibero - balearic area .
according to the result got they recommend domain even if the results got were widely coincident ( romo 2006 ) .
there are also other ga applications in addition to the above and quite many with garp implementations .
a relative old report for environment australia by s . ferrier and g . watson evaluates the effectiveness of several modelling techniques , including ga based rule generation system in predicting the distribution of biological diversity for forested north east new south wales ( ferrier 1997 ) .
their ga was from d . peters ' and r . thackway ' s cortex system ( peters 1998 ) .
d . hughell and j . roise have done simulation studies with ga for management of timber and wildlife ( 1997 ) .
the precision of forest classification has been studies by m . katila using also ga ( 2006 ) .
finnish forest experts have analysed tropical rain forest and their biodiversity using ga and remote sensing ( rajaniemi 2005 ) .
finns have also used ga to optimize remote sensing classification ( holmström 2003 , tomppo 2004 ) .
segmentation of aerial and satellite remote sensing images is a popular application area of gas . landcover classification has been done in ( palaniappan 2000 ) .
h . fang et al have used ga to retrieve leaf area index from satellite images ( fang 2003 ) .
neural networks and fuzzy logic are also popular soft computing methods used with ga in environmental monitoring ( schleiter 2001 ) .
tutorial of machine learning methods for ecologists is given in ( olden 2008 ) .
bayesian classification and ga in plant species distribution modeling for uk has been done by m . termansen et al ( 2006 ) .
gas to optimise land usage for species having conflicting habitat requirements can be found in ( holzkamper 2006 ) .
when building new infrastructure , wildlife concerns can be modelled by optimisation methods including wildlife hazard minimization , which is a new engineering management point of view ( kalafallah 2006 ) .
a review of species distribution forecasting machine learning methods has been done by m . b . araujo and m . new ( 2006 ) .
a review of gas in ecology is given by d . morrall ( 2006 ) . in ( recknagel 2006 ) .
for a bibliography of garp and other biodiversity and ecology related contributions see bibliography gaecolbib .
chemometry and remote sensing image processing have tools that seem to be suitable for species distribution estimation .
we have used ga to both chemometrical spectral analysis wave length selection and medical image segmentation ( välisuo & alander ; 2008 ) .
there has been surprisingly many studies related to application of genetic algorithm based methods in wildlife conservation studies .
in figure 4 you can see the number of papers using gas in ecology related topics compared to the number of all ga papers .
based on the literature review given in this paper the author plans to analyse the site more carefully with ga based methods .
it would also be interesting to compare the site of the occurrence to those few existing in finland and elsewhere in europe .
plan for creating new suitable sites , including sites in heavily processed areas ( parks , gaspipeline ) . in this particular case the occurrence already overlaps a jogging path network .
consideration of other , easier to monitor species for metapopulation studies : solitary wasp and bees needing special nesting environment and some of which are also threatened by lack of suitable biotopes .
a gaspipe will divide the occurrence quite precisely at the middle and it was actually the construction work that triggered the subsequent set of actions that finally lead to considering woodland brown , gas , and remote sensing .
uppvärmning , försurning , övergödning och syrefria bottnar är några av de förändringar som pågår i världens oceaner . nu lanserar ett internationellt forskarteam en modell för att förutse och få bukt med kommande förändringar i världshavens kustområden .
många djur har en iögonenfallande färgteckning som signalerar till t . ex . artfränder och potentiella fiender . frågan om hur det gått till när de fått sina signaler har studerats i över 150 år . nu har forskare vid zoologiska institutionen med hjälp av höns visat att en psykologisk mekanism vid inlärning hos signalmottagaren förklarar evolutionen av dessa färger , och kanske också andra signalsystem i naturen .
rike stelkens har utsetts till wallenberg academy fellow 2017 av knut och alice wallenbergs stiftelse . hon kommer att att undersöka om den genetiska mångfalden som härrör från hybridisering hjälper jäst att överleva i nya miljöer .
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olivella semistriata is a species of small sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family olivellidae , the dwarf olives .

with the very similar olivella columellaris it forms the subgenus pachyoliva .

both species are suspension feeders .

they use unique appendages of the propodium ( front part of the foot ) to deploy mucus nets which capture suspended particles from the backwash on sandy beaches of the tropical eastern pacific .

olivella semistriata is a swash-surfer ; the snails use their expanded foot as an underwater sail to follow the tidal movement of the backwash zone in which they feed .

olivella semistriata

olividae » olivella semistriata , id : 566900 , shell detail « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .
olivella semistriata ; ypm iz 000318 . gp ; north america ; pacific ocean ; mexico ; sinaloa state ; mazatlan
katja schulz selected
olivella ( gastropod )
to show in overview on
olivella
.
the grey , coiled seashell of olivella semistriata with the aperture ( shell opening ) facing up . photograph taken 2002 or earlier .
e approach . with abundance values of up to 96257 ind . / m beach length , olivella semistriata seems to be an extremely abundant species for sandy beaches .
defensive behaviour in the sandy beach gastropod olivella semistriata ( olivellidae , caenogastropoda ) : variability , ecological context , and efficiency in predator - prey interactions winfried s . peters
olivella biplicata ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 ) - purple dwarf olive
worms - world register of marine species - olivella columellaris ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 )
olivella undatella ; ypm iz 001376 . gp ; north america ; panama ; unknown which side of isthmus ; frank h . bradley ; 1866 / 1867
olivella volutella ; ypm iz 001561 . gp ; north america ; panama ; unknown which side of isthmus ; frank h . bradley ; 1866 / 1867
adults in the olivella species are usually quite small , hence the genus has the common name
dwarf olive
. species of oliva are usually larger , but there are exceptions .
the shell of olivella usually has a keel - like twist at the anterior end of the columella . the wall above it may be concave or have deep furrows . the inner lip can sometimes show a deep callus , and in many cases this extends over the parietal wall to the end of the aperture . this callus formation may extend to the spire but leave the suture open . most species of olivella have a thin , chitinous operculum , but this operculum is lacking in olivella nivea , as is also the case in species of oliva .
troost , a . i . ; rupert , s . d . ; cyrus , a . z . ; paladino , f . v . ; dattilo , b . f . ; peters , w . s . ( 2012 ) . what can we learn from confusing olivella columellaris and o . semistriata ( olivellidae , gastropoda ) , two key species in panamic sandy beach ecosystems ? . biota neotropica . 12 ( 2 ) : 101 - 113 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
worms ( 2010 ) . olivella swainson , 1831 . in : bouchet , p . ; gofas , s . ; rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) world marine mollusca database . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 01 - 02
gray , j . e . ( 1839 ) . molluscous animals and their shells . pp . 103 - 155 , pls 33 - 34 [ in ] the zoology of capt . beechey ' s voyage , compiled from the collections on notes made by captain beechey , the officers and naturalist of the expedition during a voyage to the pacific and behring ' s straits in his majesty ' s ship blossom , under the command of captain f . w . beechey in the years 1825 , 26 , 27 and 28 . london pp . xii + 186 + 44 pl . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : page 130 , plate 36 [ details ]
after more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .
last week - on may 30 and 31st – 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .
on 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .
the 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to françois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .
in 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .
the scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .
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© 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc . ( 0 . 002 seconds . )
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .
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this translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations .
columbella major ; ypm iz 005324 . gp ; north america ; panama ; unknown which side of isthmus ; frank h . bradley ; 1866 / 1867
gastropoda ; ypm iz 002863 . gp ; north america ; panama ; unknown which side of isthmus ; frank h . bradley ; 1866 / 1867
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f + + + , very nice specimen found by p . williams ( labeled as o . bewleyi )
f + + + , very strange specimen from rare locality ! found by peggy williams in 1983 ! looks close to se florida o . matchetti !
f + , very strange specimen from rare locality ! found by peggy williams in 1983 ! looks close to se florida o . matchetti !
gem , very nice form - we only have had two specimen until today - the name may not be correct , but certainly is a form or even full species , dark first whorls and few patterns . from berry island
f + + , nice shinny specimen , collected in st . petersburg in 1982 ! ex - coll . bunnie cook
f + + + , very nice patterns ! found by p . williams in 1999
f + + + , elongated and cylindric specimen ! found by p . williams
f + + , unusual light colored shell found by p . williams off cairns !
gem , beautiful species ! usually sold as polpasta , but this is easily identified by the shape and dark mark inside the siphon . rare mexican specimen found by p . williams !
the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .
katja schulz marked
file : olivier - pres de pont du gard - dsc 0032w . jpg
as trusted on the
olea europaea l . ( 1753 )
page .
katja schulz set
olives
as an exemplar on
olea europaea l .
.
c . michael hogan marked the classification from
integrated taxonomic information system ( itis )
as preferred for
olea europaea l .
.
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hall : kotlownia ( address : warszawska str . 24 , building number : 10 - 06 )
presence and persistence of the neurotoxin domoic acid in cephalopod brains vanessa m . lopes
empty bivalve shells : importance of heterogeneity and the role of invasive species in riverine systems martina i . ilarri
what explains shell size variation in snails of recent and extinct long - lived lakes ? thomas a . neubauer
comparative functional responses to explain the success of invasive species – a study of sympatric zebra and quagga mussels justin s . kemp
the species concept for freshwater mollusca : from bourguignat to the present day maxim v . vinarski
in the speciation race , can molecules lag behind ? looking into morphological and anatomical patterns in oxychilus ( drouetia ) ( gastropoda : pulmonata ) from the açores antónio m . de frias martins
effect of infection by margaritifera margaritifera on growth of host fish m . motiur r . chowdhury
molecular phylogeny and biogeography of melanopsidae ( caenogastropoda : cerithioidea ) marco t . neiber
multilocus phylogeny of the land snail family geomitridae ( boettger , 1909 ) luis j . chueca
a parapatric ontact zone between sibling species of deroceras john m . c . hutchinson
a spatially explicit approach to prioritize protection areas using endangered freshwater mussels andreas h . dobler
keynote : who , where , what and why : some basic questions in land mollusc diversity robert a . d . cameron
non - marine snails of sint eustatius ( lesser antilles ) , surprisingly unknown and diverse a . j . ( ton ) de winter
co - occurrence and hybridisation of three morphotypes of arion rufus and a . ater in eastern saxony , germany heike reise
the first records of androgenic hybrid corbicula lineages in extreme north of russia yulia v . bespalaya
- an overview of recent studies of lymnaeid snails from geothermal habitats of northern palearctic . olga aksenova
- species boundaries , geographic distribution and evolutionary history of the western palaeartic freshwater mussels unio ( bivalvia , unionidae ) . rafael araujo
- chromosome numbers of families of georgian terrestrial molluscs ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . nana bakhtadze , nino chakvetadze
- one species or two ? testing gene flow between the subspecies of trochulus oreinos ( gastropoda : pulmonata : hygromiidae ) . sonja bamberger
- cephalopods preyed upon by the loggerhead turtle , caretta caretta , in the mediterranean . giambattista bello
- current knowledge and problems in metafruticicola ( gastropoda , hygromiidae ) . lefteris bitzilekis
- molecular phylogeny of the land snail subfamily leptaxinae ( gastropoda : helicoidea : hygromiidae ) . amaia caro
- the dispersion of corbicula fluminea ( o . f . müller , 1774 ) ( mollusca : corbiculidae ) in the upper oder river ( southern poland ) . klaudia cebulska
- the possibility to use invasive species in biological early warning systems . joanna chmist
- the influence of human disturbances on the appearance of alien species in a small lowland river . cieplok a .
- demographic analyses and population models of the land snail iberus gualtieranus ( gastropoda : helicidae ) in southern iberian peninsula . luis j . chueca
- invasive chinese pond mussel sinanodonta woodiana impacts physiology and induce cross - resistance of host fish . karel douda
- a mollusc in the tube instead of the shell : the first investigation of cladobranch sea slug associated with annelids . irina ekimova
- parasitism of the exotic mudsnail potamopyrgus antipodarum ( gray , 1843 ) ( mollusca : caenogastropoda : tateidae ) in the mont - saint - michel bay ( france ) . claudia gérard
- conservation and management action plan for the recovery and expansion of vertigo angustior and v . moulinsiana species in banyoles lake system ( ne - iberian peninsula ) . benjamín gómez - moliner
- alien species in the mollusc communities in selected abiotic types of rivers with different degrees of hydromorphological transformation ( upper silesia and adjacent areas , southern poland ) . dariusz halabowski
- mofa – the newly founded society for molluscan research in austria . elisabeth haring
- mollusc bycatch from the brazilian bottom trawling industrial fishery in the amazonian continental shelf . marko herrmann
- a proposed method for standardization of growth estimations of tropical and subtropical molluscs . marko herrmann
- intraspecific diversity in the hyper - diverse rock - dwelling land snail montenegrina . katharina jaksch - mason
- phylogeny of widespread indo - tropical genera highlights the ancient connections between the largest river basins of indochina . ekaterina konopleva
- on the glacial refugia of czech members of the family helicidae . ondřej korábek
- establishment of the alien species dreissena polymorpha pallas , 1771 in a man - made reservoir undergoing restoration ( pławniowice reservoir , southern poland ) . mariola krodkiewska
- long - term study on the occurrence of invasive and alien mollusc species in the mining subsidence reservoirs of industrial areas impacted by coal mine output ( upper silesia , southern poland ) . iga lewin
- three protected species of vertigo in ireland – losses , gains and the status quo in recent years . maria p . long
- cessation of grazing - the effects on land snail communities in farmed grassland , scrub and woodland habitats in the burren region in the west of ireland . maria p . long
- continuous reproduction of sinanodonta woodiana ( lea , 1824 ) females : an invasive mussel species in a female - biased population . anna maria łabęcka
- land snails of rhodes , symi and chalki islands ( se aegean ) . leonidas maroulis
- potamopyrgus antipodarum ( gray , 1843 ) – protective shield against swimmers’ itch . marszewska anna
- effects of climatic , geographic and evolutionary variables on the global species richness distribution of the family hydrobiidae s . str . stimpson , 1865 ( caenogastropoda ) . jonathan miller
- taxonomy and distribution of the molluscan genus boreocingula in the arctic and subarctic waters ( gastropoda : rissoidae ) . ivan o . nekhaev
- culture methods of margaritifera margaritifera ( l . , 1758 ) : comparison between plastic boxes , aquariums and buddensiek´s cages . ondina paz
- shell thickening leading to apical occlusion in gastropods and its implications for paleoclimatology and the interpretion of the fossil record of gastropod diversity . winfried s . peters
- selected food products , as the attractants for the invasive slugs arion vulgaris and limax maximus – field and laboratory study . bartosz piechowicz
- different expression pattern of genes encoding vdac in terrestrial and freshwater gastropods . joanna romana pieńkowska
- two new species of aldisa ( gastropoda , nudibranchia ) from southern mozambique . marta pola
- two distinct forms of the hairy snail trochulus hispidus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) show great phenotypic plasticity and no barriers in reproduction . małgorzata proćków
- freshwater mollusk communities from the oligocene lake nanning ( guangxi , southern china ) : insights into the evolution of an endemic lake fauna . simon schneider
- issues concerning the monitoring and conservation status assessment of freshwater mollusk species in romania : an overview . ioan sîrbu
- the umbonal musculature of the middle triassic putative unionids from poland . aleksandra skawina
- the female and male complete mitochondrial genomes of the freshwater mussel unio tumidus ( bivalvia : unionidae ) . marianna soroka
- the impact of salinity on the biodiversity of mollusk communities in anthropogenic water bodies in a coal mining region ( upper silesia , southern poland ) . agnieszka sowa
- patterns in the species richness and composition of the snail assemblages in acidic , neutral and alkaline forest ponds . aneta spyra
- sphaerium nitidum clessin in westerlund , 1876 ( bivalvia , sphaeriidae ) : genetic characterization and micromorphology with notes on associated digeneans . gražina stanevičiūtė
- host specificity in the bivalvia - trematoda system : analyses based on rdna sequences and phylogeny of european flukes representing gorgoderidae , bucephalidae and allocreadiidae . virmantas stunžėnas
- anomalodesmatan bivalves from the jurassic of poland―an ancient group in its prime . przemysław sztajner
- pupilla muscorum densegyrata ložek , 1954 – a missing link in pupilla history . jana škodová
- eu life ip project freshabit : aiming to prevent extinction of the two main remaining margaritifera margaritifera populations of southern finland . jouni taskinen
- current distribution of sinanodonta woodiana ( lea 1834 ) in poland . urbańska maria
- testing the enemy release hypothesis on polish and italian populations of mussels . maria urbanska
- impact of non - indigenous macrobenthic species on structural and functional diversity in the vistula lagoon ( southern baltic sea ) . jan warzocha
- zebra mussel versus quagga : changes in population structure of two non - indigenous dreissenids in the szczecin lagoon ( river odra estuary , southern baltic sea ) . brygida wawrzyniak - wydrowska
- genetic analysis of deroceras reticulatum ( o . f . müller , 1774 ) in poland based on mitochondrial and nuclear dna . kamila s . zając
technologies , inc . with subcontractors , droycon bioconcepts , inc . , university of west florida , university of
andrew hall , a research associate with the past foundation , columbus , ohio .
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full text of
olividae and olivellidae ( gastropoda : neogastropoda ) . a chronologic catalogue of literature , taxa and type figures , 1681 to present . version 2 . february 24 , 2017
full text of
olividae and olivellidae ( gastropoda : neogastropoda ) . a chronologic catalogue of literature , taxa and type figures , 1681 to present . version 2 . february 24 , 2017
sowerby i , g . b . ( 1825 ) . a catalogue of the shells contained in the collection of the late earl of tankerville . london , privately published . vii + 92 + xxxiv pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : p . xxxiv [ details ]
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editors : cristiano v . m . araújo and candida helena shinn ( cfe , university of coimbra , portugal ; icman - csic , spain , dci - ecuactox , uleam , ecuador , and others )
latin america is one of the most diverse but also vulnerable regions in the world that is under continuous anthropogenic pressure due to increasing urban , industrial and agricultural developments . although there are many research groups studying the impacts caused by those pressures , the results and conclusions obtained by many of them are largely unknown because their studies are mostly published at the local or regional scale .
presents 34 chapters authored by 111 researchers from 12 latin american countries ( argentina , brazil , chile , colombia , costa rica , cuba , ecuador , mexico , panama , peru , uruguay , and venezuela ) and from 6 non - latin american countries ( austria , belgium , italy , portugal , spain , and usa ) . ( imprint : nova )
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