the pygmy falcon , or african pygmy falcon ( polihierax semitorquatus ) , is a falcon that lives in eastern and southern africa and is the smallest raptor on the continent .

as a small falcon , only 19 to 20 cm long , it preys on insects , small reptiles , and small mammals .

pygmy falcon

the pygmy falcon or african pygmy falcon is the smallest raptor in african and one of the only raptors in the world to practice polyandry . 0188
information on the pygmy falcon is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
pygmy falcon , kgalagadi national park , south africa . [ photo callie de wet © ]
berger , a . 1956 . the appendicular mycology of the pygmy falcon ( polihierax semitorquatus ) .
kemp , a . , a . vidhidharm . 1998 . breeding of the white - rumped pygmy falcon .
• the african pygmy falcon is 1 of 2 species in the genus polihierax ; the other is the white - rumped falcon , p . insignis . the family falconidae contains 64 species in 10 genera of falcons , falconets , kestrels , caracaras and hobbies . close relatives of the african pygmy falcon include the crested caracara , caracara plancus , the peregrine falcon , falco peregrinus , and the brown falcon , f . berigora .
hello , your articles here kikuyu escarpment pygmy falcon | muigwithania 2 . 0 to write well , thanks for sharing !
also known as african pygmy falcon and scientifically referred to as polihierax semitorquatus , the pygmy falcon is recorded as the africa’s smallest raptor thriving to the south and east of africa where it is explored on africa birding safaris including birding safaris in uganda .
1 flying a female pygmy falcon flies toward a large nest colony of sociable weavers that the falcon exploits for its own use . 2 hanging . the entrance is located at the bottom of the nest colony ; the falcon hangs upside down in order to enter the nest chamber .
flight : african pygmy falcon performs undulating flight with bursts of fast wing - beats interspersed with dip and glides , as woodpeckers do .
down by our camp on the ewaso nyiro river we discovered yesterday a pygmy falcon nesting inside an abandoned white browed sparrow weaver’s nest .
a treetop a female falcon perches at the top of a tall tree . the african pygmy falcon lives in two distinct and widely separated populations in africa : one in the southwestern part of the continent and the other in the northeast . in either part of the continent , the pygmy falcon inhabits the arid and semiarid savannah and scrubland , which features sparse groundcover and scattered large trees dotting the landscape . the african pygmy falcon typically avoids open forests and forest edges . this falcon also frequents the huge nests of weavers , especially the sociable weaver , philetairus socius , sharing its roosting and nesting site . the pygmy falcon occasionally shares the nests of the white - headed buffalo weaver and those of the sparrow weaver . unlike other falcons , the eggs of the pygmy falcon are pure white , consistent with many birds that lay eggs in concealed nests . the pygmy falcon’s range is dictated by that of the sociable weaver ; it even avoids otherwise suitable savannah habitat that is devoid of weaver nests . in the kalahari region of africa , pygmy falcons occupy about one out of every four sociable weaver colonies .
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despite its small size , the pygmy falcon is a bold predator armed with sharp talons and a strong , hooked beak for catching and killing its prey .
african pygmy falcon is often seen perched on exposed perches , twigs and branches , watching for preys . it is usually alone , in pairs or in family groups .
spotiswoode , c . , e . herrmann , o . e rasa , c . sapsford . 2004 . co - operative breeding in the pygmy falcon polihierax semitorquatas .
during the breeding season , the african pygmy falcon performs some courtship displays such as bobbing the head , bowing and wagging the tail , accompanied by calls . this tiny falcon invariably occupies part of the huge communal nesting structures of sociable weavers . in some regions , such as the kalahari , several pygmy falcons are resident in these nests .
pygmy falcon - polyandry . . . pygmy falcons occasionally engage in polyandrous relationships , where there are more than two adults living together and tending nestlings . . . corroboration for the last is that in winter african pygmy - falcons nest further inside the nest of sociable weavers , where there is better insulation . . .
african pygmy falcons , also known simply as pygmy falcons , have a unique way of nesting . they use empty compartments in large sociable weaver nest structures , or abandoned nests made by other weaver species . pygmy falcons are also known to nest in polyandrous groups , with more adult birds than just the breeding pair caring for nestlings and chicks . the african pygmy falcon was added to birdorable on april 25 , 2012 . if you can ' t get enough of these adorable little raptors , be sure to check out our range of unique pygmy falcon t - shirts and gifts !
unlike other birds of prey that build a large solitary nest , the african pygmy falcon lives alongside a friendly host , the sociable weaver , and adopts a chamber in the weaver nest .
( * traditional falconry was practiced by young uncircumcised kikuyu boys as they looked after family cattle and sheep . today the pygmy falcon is a protected bird and traditional falconry is illegal . )
protection / threats / status : african pygmy falcon is widespread and common in its range . the species is sometimes considered parasitic according to the location . it is not threatened at this moment .
the african pygmy falcons are part of our off - exhibit endangered species breeding program .
the mature pygmy falcon is marked by white face and under parts while the top parts are gray with the females marked by a chestnut back . the brown back occur in juveniles duller that the mature females featuring a rufous wash on the breast . the wing flight feathers are marked with white and black spots while the tail is black and white as viewed on uganda birding safaris and tours . the pygmy falcon features a low and undulating flight
range : african pygmy falcon has two populations in africa . one in sw africa is associated with the sociable weaver , and the second in e africa , associated with the white - headed buffalo weaver ( dinemellia dinemelli ) .
the y - shaped compression strap that maxpedition is so famous for contributes to the bag ' s form and structural integrity . the pygmy falcon - ii has exterior pals webbing for adding on other maxpedition pouches and accessories , using
the african pygmy falcon is the smallest bird of prey in africa . females have chestnut brown backs that distinguish them from males , which have grey backs . both sexes have white spots on their backs and tail feathers .
nest pirates ,
pygmy falcons often use the empty nests of other species to lay their eggs .
diet : african pygmy falcon feeds mainly on large insects and lizards . it also takes small birds and rodents , and may sometimes catch weavers and nestlings in the huge nests . it hunts from perch and swoops down onto the prey .
the african pygmy falcon is a fairly common resident throughout its range and is not currently endangered . it is listed in appendix ii of cites ( convention in international trade in endangered species ) , which regulates the import and export of animals for the pet trade . since its range is dependent upon weavers for nesting , the pygmy falcon has a very limited distribution . due to its small size , it falls victim to predators , including larger birds of prey found in the same habitat .
zoo new england participates in the african pygmy falcon species survival plan . by sharing research and knowledge , participating institutions work together to establish guidelines that best ensure the health of captive populations , and with success , the survival of otherwise extinct species .
african pygmy falcon is usually resident in most part of the range . they may perform local movements during the period of great aridity in the driest areas . during winter , it remains confined to the nest - chamber for up to 15 hours per day .
breeding season african pygmy falcons breed from june to december in northeastern africa and august to march in southwestern africa .
, the african pygmy falcon , is native to two separate regions of africa : northeastern africa including sudan , somalia , ethiopia , uganda , and tanzania ; and southwestern africa including namibia , botswana , angola , and cape province . this species is generally non - migratory .
) or their hatchlings when inhabiting their nests . it is believed that insects alone are insufficient for the dietary needs of young pygmy falcons . lizards , rodents , and birds are crucial for the survival of the young . the falcon catches its prey by swooping quickly from the branch of a tree .
the african pygmy falcon’s face , rump and front of body are white . their wings and tails are blackish with white spots . females have a chestnut brown back while males have a grey back . eyes are brown and beaks are blue - grey with a black top . their legs and feet are pinkish orange .
a compact rectangular urban day pack with distinct military styling and 1100 cubic inches ( 18 liters ) of carry capacity . pack for a day out or an overnight and take along plenty of water , as the pygmy falcon - ii is equipped with dual side mesh pouches to accommodate two 32oz / 1l water bottles .
behaviour : african pygmy falcon feeds mainly on small lizards and large insects . it also takes some rodents and birds . it hunts from perch , swooping down onto the prey on the ground . it may perform short aerial chases , but rarely . when roosting in the weaver colonies , it may catch sometimes adult weavers and nestlings .
the pygmy falcon thrives in dry bush and its subspecies p . s . semitorquatus exists from northern south africa to angola while the p . s . castanonotus exists in uganda , tanzania and from somalia to south sudan . the habitat range is estimated at 2 . 7 million km 2 while their total global population stands between 100 , 000 and 1 million birds .
distribution of pygmy falcon in southern africa , based on statistical smoothing of the records from first sa bird atlas project ( © animal demography unit , university of cape town ; smoothing by birgit erni and francesca little ) . colours range from dark blue ( most common ) through to yellow ( least common ) . see here for the latest distribution from the sabap2 .
due to their small size stretching from – 19 to 20cm in length , the pygmy falcons tend to prey on small reptiles , inspects along with small mammals .
a fully grown pygmy falcon is white on the face and the underside , while the females have a chestnut color on the back and they have white spots on the back of their necks . the young ones have brown feathers on their backs which are duller compared to those of the adult females . their flight feathers on their wings are black and white just as their tail feathers .
african pygmy falcons inhabit dry , arid climates with sparse vegetation . these areas may receive as little as 100 mm / year of precipitation , or up to 600 mm / year ( brown , et . al , 1982 ) . with the exception of a few non - breeding members , african pygmy falcons almost exclusively inhabit areas where social weavers (
african pygmy falcons are carnivorous . they prey mainly on large insects and small lizards . occasionally they will eat small rodents and birds , including the weavers with which they live .
african pygmy falcons rely on the social weavers ( philetairus socius ) in the northeast part of their range and white - headed buffalo weavers ( dinemellia dinemelli ) in the southwestern part of their range for nesting . occasionally northeastern birds will occupy the nests of white - browed sparrow weavers ( plocepasser mahali ) and glossy starlings ( lamprotornis nitens ) . approximately one - quarter of all weaver nests in these areas are occupied by african pygmy falcons . thus , this falcon is one of a few species of birds that are
obligate nest pirates
( also see south american troupials , icterus icterus ) .
african pygmy falcons are found in pairs or in groups of three to four . all the adults may share in the care of nestlings . they communicate with each other through mutual head - bobbing and tail - wagging displays . as “nest pirates , ” pygmy falcons will occupy nests of some members of the weaver family . although the weavers may fall to predation by the african pygmy falcons , they do receive protection from other predators including snakes . falcons are crepuscular , usually hunting in the morning and the evening when temperatures are more moderate .
in uganda , the pygmy falcons can be explored in the uganda safari destination of kidepo valley national park . and the species are listed as least concern on the iucn red list .
habitat : african pygmy falcon frequents arid and semi - arid steppes with sparse vegetation and some large trees or plants . it uses the weaver nests as roost , but also as nest - site , and especially the huge communal nesting structure of sociable weaver ( philetairus socius ) in south africa . they often roost in pairs or family groups in the same nest - chamber or adjacent ones . it also may use other weaver or starling nests .
african pygmy falcons rarely call outside of the mating season . there have been a few different songs observed , including a
thin , squeaky ' tsip - tsip ' ; ' kiki -
african pygmy falcons , unlike many species of raptors , have different markings to distinguish males and females – females have a brown patch between their wings , while males have a solid grey back .
african pygmy falcons live primarily in semi - desert and arid areas with limited vegetation such as acacia and thornbush . they are located in two regions of africa , the northeast and the southwest .
reproduction : breeding season occurs between june and december in ne africa and between august and march in south africa . african pygmy falcon is usually monogamous during one season , but it may be occasionally polyandrous , with two males or more attending the same nest . this behaviour is mainly observed when the nest - site availability is reduced . the pair occupies a nest - chamber in the weaver communal nest . the nest entrance becomes coated with the droppings of the falcons .
little is known concerning the lifespan of african pygmy falcons , though it is likely similar to the six to eight ( with a maximum of about twenty ) year lifespan of other diurnal birds of prey .
african pygmy falcons live in dry bush in parts of eastern and southern africa . these little cuties measure just over seven inches long , making them the smallest bird of prey found in all of africa .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto african pygmy falcon is noisy during the breeding season , uttering high - pitched calls and songs “twee - twee - twip” or “kiki - kik” used by the male . it also gives thin , squeaky “tsip - tsip” . calls are often high - pitched . the young give sharp “ki - ki - ki - ki - ki - ki” when alarmed . while uttering these sounds , the bird bobs the head and moves the tail up and down .
this tiny species of falcon is the smallest raptor in africa – adults are less than 8 inches long . although small , they are predators , and hunt large insects , small reptiles , and even small mammals . they often hunt by perching on dead trees and scanning the surrounding area for potential prey . when they spot a target , african pygmy falcons can frequently be seen bobbing their heads and tails before swooping down to catch their prey . they may also hunt insects in flight .
is rarely preyed on , as it is a fairly powerful predator itself . occasionally immature african pygmy falcons will be attacked in their nests , but the aggression of the parents during breeding season normally prevents this .
african pygmy falcons have a white face , breast , and abdomen . female members have darker , chestnut colored backs , where males have grey backs . white spots decorate the back of the neck and the tail feathers .
regarding the nesting , the pygmy falcons tend to nest in the nests of white headed buffalo weaver and the dwelling range of these species overlap . they can as well nest with the sociable weavers which tend to have large nests with many chambers . surprisingly , the pygmy falcons tend to leave the nest owners alone even though they are bigger in size and bird –eaters . however , a few cases of catching nestling along with adults occur .
african pygmy falcons are common birds within their range , they are not considered threatened . man made structures have increased the number of potential nesting sites for these animals . it is possible , however , that urbanization could someday threaten
in the wild , african pygmy falcons often utilize the empty nests of weaver birds as nesting sites . they will also use tree cavities . they typically lay 3 - 4 eggs per clutch and their incubation is 28 - 30 days . both parents help rear the chicks .
african pygmy falcons are social , relying on one or more partners for breeding and raising young . they prefer sparsely vegetated areas with a few trees for perching . open areas are preferred for hunting . they are sedentary animals and will remain in one locale for most or all of their lives . these falcons usually hunt during the morning and evening , when it is cooler , and seek shelter from the midday heat . african pygmy falcons occasionally attack smaller birds in flight , but prefer to hunt small terrestrial animals . in flight these falcons flap their wings rapidly , with a sporadic distinctive downward thrust .
introduction : pygmy falcons ( polihierax semitorquatus ) are largely dependent on the mass nest constructions of the sociable weaver found in flat , open areas of dry grassland with scattered camelthorn trees . they usually occur singly , in pairs or in small family groups , perching on the top of a bush , tree or pylon .
the pygmy falcons rarely take part in polyandrous relationships ( where a female is involved with more than one male at a time ) , however they are believed to be doing this primarily for four major reasons which include thermo - regulation ( warmth ) , defense , delayed scattering of their offspring as well as co - operative polyandry .
these pygmy falcons prefer to stay in the dry bush . they love dry and semi - dry savanna and scrub - land preferably with less ground - cover and a couple of large trees . they are hardly seen around forest edges or in open forests . they can be seen in somalia , south sudan , uganda as well as tanzania .
female pygmy falcons typically lay eggs from october to november , with one to four eggs per nest . both sexes will sit on the eggs for 28 to 30 days . the nestlings remain in the nest for one to two months after hatching , during which time they are fed by both parents . sexual maturity is reached at about one year .
the peregrine falcon is a raptor , or bird of prey . adults have blue - gray wings , dark brown backs , a buff colored underside with brown spots , and white faces with a black tear stripe on their cheeks . they have a hooked beaks and strong talons . their name comes from the latin word peregrinus , which means
to wander .
they are commonly referred to as the duck hawk . peregrine falcons are the fastest - flying birds in the world – they are able to dive at 200 miles per hour .
the main communication between members of this species are the songs sung during mating , which are used to attract potential mates . some bodily communication is seen during the courtship ritual , as the female indicates her availability by crouching and raising her tail feathers . the movements made by the male during courtship can also be perceived as a form of communication . african pygmy falcons have a very keen sense of sight , common to most diurnal birds of prey .
has brown eyes and light orange legs . the base of the beak is an orange color , and the beak itself is grey . when hatched , african pygmy falcons are white in color and their eyes are shut . the eyes will normally open in two or three days . young have paler feet than their adult counterparts , with a reddish - brown back and neck . the breast , face , and abdomen of juveniles is white . members of the species will mature in approximately one year .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is very large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
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adult male has pale grey upperparts with narrow white collar and white rump . flight feathers and rectrices are black , finely spotted and tipped white . underparts are white . undertail feathers are barred black and white .
on the head , forehead , crown and nape are grey , extending into a point to the neck sides . face shows white eyebrow and cheeks . cere , lores and eye - rings are red - orange . the hooked bill is grey with black tip . eyes are dark brown . legs and feet are red - orange .
juvenile resembles adult of the same sex . upperparts are grey with buff - tipped feathers in young male . underparts are slightly washed rufous . in young female , upperparts are dull chestnut on back , with buff - tipped feathers and buffy tinge on underparts . both have paler orange bare parts than adults .
female lays 3 eggs . incubation lasts about 28 days to one month , and both parents share it , but female incubates more than male which brings food to her while she is on the nest . chicks are covered in white down . the male hunts and brings preys to the female , and she feeds and tends the chicks . they fledge about 27 to 40 days after hatching , but they remain in the parental territory for up to two months after leaving the nest . this species may produce two broods per season , but usually only one . parents defend the nest and are very aggressive towards intruders if they approach the nest .
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classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and listed on appendix ii of cites ( 2 ) .
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( sibley and monroe jr . , 1990 ; brown , et al . , 1982 ; del hoyo , et al . , 1994 ; sibley and monroe jr . , 1990 )
( brown , et al . , 1982 ; del hoyo , et al . , 1994 )
breeding habits in the southern portion of their range , but birds in both areas engage in a relatively quiet display that includes bobbing of the head , wagging of the tail , and calling . the female will squat down and raise her tail feathers to indicate that she is prepared to mate .
is usually seasonally monogamous , but is occasionally polyandrous , and it is not uncommon for two or more males to attend the same nest . this behavior may be influenced by limited availability of suitable nesting sites .
( brown , et al . , 1982 ; del hoyo , et al . , 1994 ; kruger , et al . , 2002 ; spotiswoode , et al . , 2004 )
usually will breed once per year , but will sometimes produce two broods in a favorable year . eggs are normally laid about three weeks after copulation . the female lays from two to four eggs which are incubated for 27 to 31 days . females begin incubating with the first egg laid , so hatching is asynchronous . since the young do not hatch at the same time , they may be different sizes . the young will leave their nests from 27 to 40 days after hatching .
at the beginning of the breeding season , two or more parents choose a nesting chamber and reside there together . after the eggs are laid , the parents share incubation , with the female incubating most of the time and the male incubating while the female feeds . the male will also bring the female food while she is incubating . after hatching the female will tend to the young and the male will hunt for the family . after 21 days , when the chicks have grown feathers , the female will resume hunting . the birds leave the nest at around 27 to 40 days , but may remain with the parents for up to two months , and sporadically return to the nest . both parents are very aggressive near their nest and their young do not usually fall victim to predators .
( brown , et al . , 1982 ; del hoyo , et al . , 1994 ; spotiswoode , et al . , 2004 )
( brown , et al . , 1982 ; del hoyo , et al . , 1994 ; spotiswoode , et al . , 2004 ; brown , et al . , 1982 ; del hoyo , et al . , 1994 ; spotiswoode , et al . , 2004 ; brown , et al . , 1982 ; del hoyo , et al . , 1994 ; kruger , et al . , 2002 ; spotiswoode , et al . , 2004 )
' ( last syllable accented ) , or ' twee - twee - twip ' used by [ the male ] calling [ the female ] from the nest ; a sharp ringing ' ki - ki - ki - ki - ki - ki - ki - ki ' by young in threat ; in copulation , purring ' kirrrrr - kirrrrr - kirrrrr ' ; negging chicks ' seee - seee - seee '
( brown , et al . , 1982 ) . the calls are usually high in pitch and soft .
african pygymy falcons are carnivorous , with a diet consisting of mostly insects and lizards . smaller birds and certain rodents are also sometimes preyed on . occasionally these falcons will prey on weavers (
) , can be considered parasitic or symbiotic , depending on the location . in the southwestern portion of their range , african pygymy falcons may protect social weavers from predators such as snakes , while gaining a safe area to raise young . white - headed buffalo weavers , in the northeastern part of their range , are more powerful than african pygymy falcons and receive no benefits from their presence . african pygymy falcons can be considered parasitic to white - headed buffalo weavers and considered a
nest pirate
. african pygymy falcons are major predators of insects and lizards and are a danger to smaller birds and rodents .
( spotiswoode , et al . , 2004 ; brown , et al . , 1982 ; del hoyo , et al . , 1994 ; spotiswoode , et al . , 2004 )
rarely intersects with humans due to the harsh climate that it lives in . the only real advantages to humans are ornithological study and birdwatching .
daniel davieau ( author ) , university of maryland , baltimore county , kevin omland ( editor , instructor ) , university of maryland , baltimore county .
living in sub - saharan africa ( south of 30 degrees north ) and madagascar .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
in deserts low ( less than 30 cm per year ) and unpredictable rainfall results in landscapes dominated by plants and animals adapted to aridity . vegetation is typically sparse , though spectacular blooms may occur following rain . deserts can be cold or warm and daily temperates typically fluctuate . in dune areas vegetation is also sparse and conditions are dry . this is because sand does not hold water well so little is available to plants . in dunes near seas and oceans this is compounded by the influence of salt in the air and soil . salt limits the ability of plants to take up water through their roots .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
reproduction in which eggs are released by the female ; development of offspring occurs outside the mother ' s body .
referring to a mating system in which a female mates with several males during one breeding season ( compare polygynous ) .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
a terrestrial biome . savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy . extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical africa and south america , and in australia .
a grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees , a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest . see also tropical savanna and grassland biome .
a terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5° n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .
kruger , o . , r . liversidge , j . lindstrom . 2002 . statistical modelling of the population dynamics of a raptor community in a semi - desert environment .
del hoyo , j . , a . elliot , j . sargatal . 1994 .
to cite this page : davieau , d . 2008 .
polihierax semitorquatus
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
distribution : mainly southern and central namibia including the orange river through to etosha national park .
diet : eats sand lizards , skinks and agamas but also takes large beetles and occasionally rodents . weaver nestlings are also taken .
description : often confused with a variety of shrikes , even though they are slimmer with longer tails and a black facial mask .
breeding : uses nest chambers of sociable weavers instead of building own nest . females lay between 1 and 4 eggs incubated for around 30 days .
3 days - two nights in the coastal town of swakopmund , this is the ideal get - away for those living or working in windhoek . includes a catamaran cruise on the walvis lagoon
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peregrine falcons eat other birds such as songbirds and ducks , as well as bats . they catch their prey in mid - air .
there are an estimated 1 , 650 breeding pairs in the united states and canada .
this bird is one of the most widely distributed species in the world . it is found on every continent except antarctica . it can survive in a wide variety of habitats including urban cities , the tropics , deserts and the tundra . some migrate long distances from their wintering areas to their summer nesting areas .
peregrine falcons have adapted to living in many cities and make use of tall buildings that provide suitable ledges for nesting and depend on the large populations of pigeons and starlings in cities for food . they dive and catch their prey in mid - air . peregrines have few natural predators .
peregrine falcons mate for life and breed in the same territory each year . the male courts the female for about one month , using aerial displays . they make a nest , or scrape , on ledges and in small caves located high on a cliff . some peregrine falcons will use man - made structures such as bridges and skyscrapers to nest .
mating season : late march through may . gestation : 29 - 32 days for egg incubation . clutch size : 3 - 4 eggs . both the male and female incubate the eggs for about one month . the chicks start to fly in about 42 days , but are still dependent on their parents to learn how to hunt . peregrine falcons are very territorial during breeding season and will vigorously defend their nests .
length : 15 - 21 inches ( wingspan of 3 . 5 feet ) . weight : about 2 lbs . ; females are slightly larger than males . lifespan : 7 - 15 years ; some can live as long as 20 years .
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this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is very large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : polihierax semitorquatus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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it has two separate populations in sub - saharan africa , one extending from somalia through ethiopia and kenya to southern sudan and tanzania and the other in angola and southern africa in namibia , south - western botswana and the northern cape . here it ' s distribution is strongly linked to that of the sociable weaver , as it is uses their communal nests for roosting and nesting ( the northerly population has a similar relationship with buffalo - weavers ) . it generally favours open , arid habitats such as desert , dry savanna and open grassland with scattered camel thorns ( acacia erioloba ) .
it mainly eats reptiles , insects and occasionally rodents , doing most of it ' s hunting from a high perch , gliding down to the ground and pouncing on its prey . it also hawks small birds aerially and raids the sociable weaver colonies it nests in , taking both adults and chicks . the following food items have been recorded in its diet :
usually monogamous and territorial , although multiple breeding pairs may occupy a single colony of weavers .
it usually uses a chamber of a large social weaver communal structure as a nest , either the sociable weaver or the red - billed bufallo - weaver . about a quarter of all sociable weaver nests have about 3 - 4 chambers which are allocated to the falcons for roosting and nesting . it may also use a stand - alone nest of non - communal bird , such as a white - browed sparrow - weaver , cape glossy or wattled starling .
egg - laying season is from august - march , peaking from october - november .
it lays 1 - 4 eggs , which are mainly incubated by the female for about 27 - 31 days , while the male provides her with food .
the chicks are mainly fed by the female , although after fledging both parents provision them food . the young return to the nest regularly after fledging , making the nestling period difficult to determine ; it is though to be about 27 - 40 days .
not threatened , although the destruction of weaver nests might have decreased its numbers in the north - west province and free state , however the spread of utility structures has allowed both it and the sociable weaver to head into otherwise treeless areas , thus counteracting this .
hockey par , dean wrj and ryan pg 2005 . roberts - birds of southern africa , viith ed . the trustees of the john voelcker bird book fund , cape town .
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after a very turbulent early season , there is some wonderful news out of the rochester falconcam today . the . . . read more
today ' s new bird in our 17 - day - long birdorable bonanza is the american harpy eagle , a powerful raptor that can . . . read more
just two more days - - we ' ve almost reached the end of birdorable bonanza 2011 . today ' s new bird species . . . read more
if you think our birdorable birds are cute as adults , what about when they are babies ? below are . . . read more
the harris hawk is a bird of prey that lives from the southwestern united states to chile and . . . read more
it is a sure sign of spring , here in florida , when the iconic outline of swallow - tailed kites can . . . read more
have questions ? please contact jack at jack @ urltoken or 307 / 699 - 5152 for a personal consultation .
the kikuyu escarpment forest lies 30 km north - north - west of nairobi , and covers the eastern slopes of the escarpment from about 2 , 700 m in the north - west ( bordering grassland at the edge of the kinangop plateau , to around 2 , 050 m in the east , where it borders agricultural land . the main block of forest ( sometimes called kieni ) lies either side of the kamae–kieni–thika road , and is bounded to the north by the chania river ; northwards it is continuous with the forest of the southern aberdare mountains . on the south - west , a narrow strip extends along the wall of the rift valley , beyond kijabe , down to c . 1 , 800 m . to the south , the forest has been much fragmented , and there are only scattered remnants towards its limits ( including the gatamaiyu forest , near uplands ) .
the human pressure on this forest has been increasing steadily over time . encroachment along the southern and western boundaries is intensifying , and at lower altitudes large parts have been destroyed . tree poaching has become rampant in the forest bordering the main kieni–thika road , and in the southern remnants . it is evident that the forest department is able to exert very little control . the conservation value of the forest must be more widely recognized , and adequate effort put into policing and managing it—preferably as a joint operation between forest department and kenya wildlife service under their memorandum of understanding . closer involvement of the surrounding communities in forest conservation is also needed : some progress has been made in this regard by an active iba site support group , the kijabe environment volunteers . this forest is close to nairobi , easily accessible , scenically attractive , has a wide range of interesting and unusual birds , and is already a favourite site for local and foreign birdwatchers . it has excellent potential for ecotourism .
muigwithania2 . 0 by muigwithania is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - no derivative works 3 . 0 united states license . based on a work at urltoken . permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at urltoken .
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achatinella valida is an extinct species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family achatinellidae .

this species was endemic to oʻahu , hawaiʻi .

achatinella valida

achatinella valida by lambert m . surhone , mariam t . tennoe , susan f . henssonow
achatinellidae » achatinella valida leucophaea , id : 728155 , shell detail « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .
u . s . fish and wildlife service ( usfws ) . 1993 . recovery plan . oahu tree snails of the genus achatinella . u . s . department of the interior fish and wildlife service , portland , oregon . 58 pp . + 64 app .
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cowie , r . h . , n . l . evenhuis , c . c . christensen . 1995b . catalog of the native land and freshwater molluscs of the hawaiian islands . backhuys publishers : leiden , the netherlands . 248 pp .
considered as part of a . apexfulva by welch , but as separate species by pilsbry and cooke , as well as cowie et al . ( 1995 ) .
gx . one population last seen in 1951 . presumed extinct when genus was listed as endangered on federal register . extinct ( hawaii biological survey web site http : / hbs . bishopmuseum . org / endangered / ext - snails . html , updated 9 february 1997 ) .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
endemic to koolau mountains . single post - 1945 occurrence in northern part of this range near pupukea . historically found from laie trail to pupukea trail - a range of two to three miles ( pilsbry & cooke ) .
one post - 1945 record ( 1951 ) . extinct ( hawaii biological survey web site http : / hbs . bishopmuseum . org / endangered / ext - snails . html , updated 9 february 1997 ) .
may still exist on the little - searched ridges in the range of this species .
( < 100 - 250 square km ( less than about 40 - 100 square miles ) ) endemic to koolau mountains . single post - 1945 occurrence in northern part of this range near pupukea . historically found from laie trail to pupukea trail - a range of two to three miles ( pilsbry & cooke ) .
shell is broad , color white with yellow base or banded with black brown .
occurrences are based on some evidence of historical or current presence of single or multiple specimens , including live specimens or recently dead shells ( i . e . , soft tissue still attached without signs of external weathering or staining ) , at a given location with potentially recurring existence . weathered shells constitute a historic occurrence . evidence is derived from reliable published observation or collection data ; unpublished , though documented ( i . e . government or agency reports , web sites , etc . ) observation or collection data ; or museum specimen information .
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caum , e . l . 1974 . check list of hawaiian land and fresh water mollusca . bulletin of the bernice p . bishop museum , honolulu , 56 : 1 - 80 .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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mister majestic ( 2 february 1984 – after 1999 ) was an irish-bred british-trained thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

he was a specialist sprinter who showed his best form as a two-year-old in 1986 .

after winning four minor races in the early part of the year he returned in the autumn to record a 33/1 upset win in the group one middle park stakes .

in the following year he won two races , including the leisure stakes , from seven starts before being retired from racing .

he stood as a breeding stallion in ireland and italy but had little success as a sire of winners .

mister majestic ( horse )

street spice , valiant city , lahshad , mister marti gras , fordubai ) .
ajdal broke from the gates fastest of all and was immediately joined by gayanne in the centre , rich charlie and mister majestic on the far rails . mister majestic went on and gave ajdal a nice lead for a couple of furlongs but by the 3 furlong marker the furious early pace was beginning to take its toll and gayanne went on from ajdal .
congratulations to mack weaver and maggie gun ( owned by madison bohman ) . maggie gun ( by gunner x lookout majestic by majestic dell ) was the youth reserve world champion .
fiona course and
mister majestic
took out supreme senior led . later in the day fiona saddled up to claim the reserve champion ridden hack and take out the champion senior rider
eagle , majestic affair , cat burglar , departing , top billing , natchez , noble bird ) .
majestic prince was the third horse to win the kentucky derby while unbeaten , following regret ( 1915 ) and morvich ( 1922 ) . he was the first horse to win both the derby and the preakness while unbeaten .
in this respect , the report of the council inspector is inaccurate . i traded from 1974 to 1989 as abbeville stud and many successful racehorses were bred on the property , including mister majestic , a newmarket group 1 winner .
mr majestic , derek morton and geoff glazzards popular dutch - bred stallion , was put down last week following an accident .
described him as “a grand mover” with “a charming disposition” ; writer jim bolus described him as “playful” with a majestic presence .
his early purchases included the group one two - year - old winners creag an sgor and mister majestic , both of whom won the middle park stakes at newmarket . this success continued with the creation in 1992 of highclere thoroughbred racing limited of which john is a director .
majestic prince was the fifth winning derby mount for jockey william hartack , tying eddie arcaro ' s record for derby wins during a riding career .
johnson began his career as an owner on the flat , winning the middle park stakes at newmarket in 1986 with mister majestic . but his passion was for jump racing , and his first horse to be trained by martin pipe at pond house , nicholashayne in somerset , was beebob in 1991 . at his peak , johnson owned or had an interest in 100 horses .
earlier , albert the great’s moonshine mullin , offlee wild’s bayern , and the late rockport harbor’s majestic harbor all received automatic bids to the breeders’ cup classic .
read the full story below , courtesy of the american quarter horse journal . urltoken
majestic prince was bred by leslie combs ii & frank mcmahon ( ky ) . he was owned by frank mcmahon , who effectively bought out combs ' share when purchasing the colt for a then - record us $ 250 , 000 at the 1967 keeneland july yearling sale . majestic prince was trained by johnny longden . following his retirement , majestic prince was syndicated for us $ 60 , 000 per share and entered stud in kentucky at spendthrift farm , where he died of a heart attack in 1981 .
according to jockey club records , majestic prince sired 187 winners ( 51 . 7 % ) and 32 stakes winners ( 8 . 8 % ) from 362 named foals ;
congratulations also to jerry for his stallions’ success at the futurity . both dun gotta gun and mister nicadual ( both standing at mcquay stables ) had finalists in the futurity ! great job to trey pool who tied for fourth with jerry’s stallion , check this dually ( mister nicadual x footworks yellow jac ) in the level 1 open ! trey also placed seventh in the level 1 with nicastar lite ( mister nicadual x dun it on a star ) , taking home over $ 28 , 000 collectively ! way to go !
we’d also like to congratulate trey pool and my daddy is dually ( mister nicadual x dun it on a star ) , owned by jerry kimmel , placing 12th in the l1 , 16th in the l2 , and 26th in the l3 open futurity and adding over $ 7 , 000 to their lte , as well as mister nicadual’s sire record .
french bow , by loup sauvage . unraced . half - sister to mister bow , ripplette ( dam of magic music ) . dam of 4 named foals , none raced .
mister booze ( 11g , buck ' s pride , maizcay ) . 8 wins - 2 at 2 - to 1350m to 2016 - 17 , brc rawgroup hospitality 2yo h .
* statistics courtesy of robin glenn database , national reining horse association , and show websites .
two weeks after that , majestic harbor , a son of late sire rockport harbor , took the grade 1 gold cup at santa anita ( formerly the hollywood gold cup ) . rockport harbor was , like offlee wild , a darley - owned horse standing at pin oak lane .
mister nicadual sired 1st and 3rd place in the youth non pro futurity , and dun gotta gun sired 2nd place . congratulations to these great stallions , and to owner , jerry kimmel !
and third dam of grade ii winner real cozzy . majestic prince is also a half brother to multiple stakes winner lovely gypsy ( by armageddon ) ; to stakes - placed betty loraine ( by
i have this strange thing that i remember every horse i have bought fairly intimately . motivator was sold from the wall boxes at tattersalls . if you are looking at a horse you have to be on the same level as the horse and , to give the horse the best chance , people need to see it walk on the level . the wall boxes are all on a slope .
carlee mccutcheon enjoyed showing her horse , dun it got lucky , in the youth horsemanship clinic & class .
a chestnut , majestic prince stood 16 . 1 hands . he was considered an extremely handsome and well - made horse , beautifully balanced with a look of great quality , but a bit heavy - bodied for his underpinning and with suspicious - looking ankles . he possessed excellent tactical speed and was thoroughly game . charles hatton of the
join horse deals and derek ' o leary for all the action from the ev amateur hack championships at werribee .
an exceptionally handsome colt , majestic prince was one of the few auction sales toppers to live up to both his looks and his price . lightly raced at 2 , the unbeaten colt won hard - fought victories over eventual horse of the year arts and letters in the kentucky derby and preakness stakes . he went into the belmont stakes with a chance to sweep the triple crown but against the advice of trainer john longden , who felt that the prince was tired and had lost too much weight after the previous two races . longden ' s fears proved well founded as majestic prince
i ' d be a fool to continue buying expensive yearlings . i must spend r100 000 or more to buy a quality horse - and the breeder who sold it to me can import an even better one for less money and come and beat me . it just does not make sense . i might as well buy the imported horse myself . for a good imported horse is superior to a good local horse . nobody can argue with that .
of course , that in itself isn’t enough . the horse also has to have demonstrated the ability to get a runner .
talented filly may just be putting it all together right on time for her connections . her elimination win was dynamic . her maternal line includes the talented majestic son , so it comes as no surprise that she has that kind of ability . a major win contender .
the royal ascot racing club came into being towards the end of 1997 and was the brainchild of harry herbert who manages its horse .
majestic prince ' s victory in the 1969 kentucky derby made john longden the only person to both ride and train a kentucky derby winner . he had previously won the derby as the jockey of 1943 triple crown winner count fleet . longden ' s unique accomplishment was ranked # 51 in horse racing ' s top 100 moments , a review of racing in the 20th century compiled by the blood - horse and released in 2006 . the prince also made longden the first and only person to both ride and train winners of the preakness stakes .
you won ' t find a middle distance class horse that is built the same as a fast run and jump sprinting type . the muscle formation on a later maturing horse is completely different - it is a bit like looking at linford christie and a kenyan marathon runner .
congratulations to mandy mccutcheon and dun git a nicadual , owned by mcquay stables , and by the great mister nicadual : champions in the john deere non pro futurity ! mandy also placed third with coronas in hollywood , also owned by tim and colleen mcquay . way to go , mandy !
majestic prince is outcrossed through five generations . he is a full brother to 1971 english champion 2 - year - old male crowned prince ; to stakes - placed our queen , second dam of grade iii winner casino magistrate ; to caronatta , dam of restricted stakes winner rally run ( by
anyone following british horse racing during the 1980s cannot fail to fondly recall a host of exciting 3 year old winners of the july cup at newmarket .
the ability of a horse is present from birth , as a result of genetic fusion . horses either have it , or they don ' t . there may be lots of reasons that prevent a horse from showing its natural ability , but given a sound horse and a capable trainer there is every reason to believe that the innate ability will come out on the track . assessing that ability and expressing it in a figure is done through handicapping .
surprisingly , few people in racing appear to put emphasis on determining the most suitable distance for a horse . we have yet to see a breeders yearling advertisement where the distance for which the horse is bred is mentioned . trainers generally try a horse over a variety of distances , to find out what suits bets - with at least a third of all races in south africa run at a false pace that can be a trying task at times .
served notice as a very fast horse at dover last year . he is yet to beat a field like this and has always excelled in delaware , but he is a horse with a lot of ability that can force the issue here . curious to see him on the mile track , too .
both tim and colleen were quick to thank former owners , robert thompson and lisa coulter . tim said , “we appreciate the opportunity to own this horse . ”
congratulations to jeanna schaffhauser and her horse , dunitwithasmokingun ( gunner x dun it doll ) , who tied for 14th in the l3 non pro futurity and placed 8th in the l2 , adding over $ 300 to her lifetime earnings and giving “domingo” his first show earnings ! congratulations also to our other non pro futurity money winners , cade mccutcheon and dually with a star ( mister nicadual x dun it on a star ) , owned by tom mccutcheon , placing 9th in the l2 and 7th in l1 . cade was also champion in the youth 13 & under with his horse , dun it got lucky ( hollywood dun it x my lucky moonstone ) .
mcquay stables , located in tioga , texas , is a leader in the reining horse industry . home to the late hollywood dun it , it now features a roster of top stallions that includes nrha hall of fame inductee gunner , dun gotta gun , mister nicadual , smart and shiney , and hollywoodstinseltown . tim mcquay is also an nrha hall of famer and nrha $ 2 million rider , and colleen mcquay has served the industry as an nrha board member and executive committee for many years .
the prowess of his sire was a given , and his dam is an own daughter of mr melody jac , the horse tim rode to win the 1988 national reining horse association futurity . “mr melody jac was very good to me and i love the hollywood jac 86 bloodlines so this pedigree also works for what i like .
lyle lovett also visited , and had a great time showing his horses in the non pro futurity , limited non pro , and novice horse non pro 1 and 2 . congratulations to lyle and his horse , master pepto , for placing fifth in both the novice horse level 1 and 2 ! lyle and his mares , fifth avenue dun it and mistress with a gun , also had a great time showing in this class , as did his gelding , sns uvalde king , who he showed in the non pro futurity . sam shaffhauser also placed six with master pepto in the novice horse open level 1 ! way to go , lyle and sam !
“not only is tim mcquay one of the horse world’s best athletes , but he exemplifies a superb level of horsemanship both in and out of the ring , ” said becky minard , founder and president of smartpak equine . “tim has revolutionized the world of reining by introducing an unprecedented level of training and care for the horse , and we are thrilled to be part of his horse care program . busy professionals like tim can really benefit from the convenience and time savings that smartpaks provide . ”
when offlee wild came to pin oak lane , solomon said he had an inkling something big could happen . “he’s a physical horse that’s pretty impressive , ” he said .
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i was excited by montjeu ' s offspring because i was associated with the horse and still am now . i was involved with john hammond through montjeu ' s career .
his runners have amassed more than $ 1 million and include 2015 stakes performers my dream boat , winner of the prix perth - g3 in france ; great dancer ( ire ) , third in the hill prince stakes - g3 at belmont park ; and mister brightside ( ire ) , second in santa anita’s twilight derby - g2 in his only u . s . start .
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it has all worked itself out for the royal ascot racing club . i buy for different people and you never know where the next very good horse is going to come from .
mister bow ( kenvain ) . 3 wins - 2 at 2 - to 1500m , a $ 88 , 288 , ajc fc griffiths 2yo h . , stc gjc moore h . , 2d mvrc grosby kids s . , l , 3d stc peter pan s . , gr . 2 , vatc new gleam h . , ajc cellnet mobil 2yo h . , vatc veneda h .
yet the horse hardest to beat in any race is a front runner . the explanation for this is in itself quite simple . take a sprinter , capable of running 1000m in 57 seconds . given the opportunity to pace himself correctly , a horse like this will reproduce the 57 seconds with regularity . given a strong build and a short back , weight will have virtually no influence on his performance - whether with 52 or 58 kilos , the time will be the same . if such a horse gets to the front at the beginning of a race , any other horse that races off the pace will have to cover the distance in a faster time to beat the front runner . but if 57 seconds is about as fast as any horse can run ( depending on the track where it races ) , it becomes a mechanical impossibility to come from behind : horses simply cannot run faster than their bodies allow them to , however well they may be off at the weights .
“as you go back a bit , this isn’t the first good horse [ offlee wild ] has had , ” he pointed out . among the others are eclipse champion juvenile filly she be wild .
motivator was the perfect example of that sort of horse who might not have been the most obvious to pick out at the sales but john ' s eye could see where the animal was headed .
don’t forget jockey martin garcia , who picked up the mount from the injured gary stevens . “i knew i was on a really good horse , ” he said after the race . but this good ?
moonshine mullin earned a 101 beyer and a trip to the breeders’ cup classic for the effort . he is the first horse to gain automatic entry as part of the “win and you’re in” challenge series .
smartpak equine was founded by riders and horse owners who ride and show dressage , hunter / jumper , polo , eventing , reining , western pleasure and have logged many miles trail riding . in addition to the smartpak supplement system , the company offers a broad line of horse health and rider items , dog supplies , and equine and canine pharmacy items sold through the company’s catalog , web site and retail store .
warren ' s buying record is a good one . his group one winners have included creag - an - sgor ( middle park - 20 , 000 guineas ) , mister majestic ( middle park - 26 , 000 irish guineas ) , park express ( champion stakes - 42 , 000 guineas ) , lake coniston ( july cup - 22 , 000 guineas ) , cloudings ( prix lupin - 100 , 000 guineas ) , tamarisk ( stanley leisure sprint cup - 78 , 000 guineas ) , housemaster ( hong kong champions & chater cup - 70 , 000 guineas ) , petrushka ( 110 , 000 irish guineas ) , arctic owl ( irish st leger - 10 , 000 guineas ) , leadership ( premio di milano 350 , 000 irish guineas ) , tiber ( hong kong classic - 150 , 000 irish guineas ) and now motivator .
so motivator would have been in most people ' s eyes a horse who was going to take time and , if he didn ' t gain his strength and didn ' t develop the right way , be a slowish middle distance horse . i took the view that he used himself beautifully - a fantastic athlete - you could not hear him when he walked as his feet never seemed to touch the ground .
the horse he beat three starts back went in the hambletonian earlier . his last two starts have not been as sharp and he is yet to excel against stakes company . siding with others in this spot .
) , dam of stakes winner minstrel grey ( by tudor grey ) and second dam of grade iii winner with a twist ; and to my guest ( by mister gus ) , dam of grade iii winner native guest ( by raise a native ) and stakes winners raise your sights ( by raise a native ) and memorable mitch ( by mehmet ) . in addition , gay hostess is a half sister to dancing hostess ( by
i took him up to near the main ring where there is a nice flat piece of land . i walked him up and down there two or three times and he was a horse who excited me .
congratulations to mandy mccutcheon and dun git a nicadual , owned by mcquay stables , champions in the non pro futurity at the 2011 scottsdale classic ! we are so proud of dun git a nicadual for his success in scottsdale , especially after his success in tulsa ( john deere non pro futurity champion ) . he is by mister nicadual , owned by jerry kimmel , and out of gotta git ya dun . way to go , mandy ! !
i am lucky to be given orders to buy horses like motivator . what is exciting is to be able to buy a horse that has provided 230 people with plenty of pleasure - it is so rewarding .
tim and the reiners enjoyed their time in tulsa at the ariat tulsa reining classic , held at expo square august 24 - september 2 . we were joined by friends and family , and had a successful horse show !
these sort of performances are a handicappers nightmare . the winning horse will be penalised and repeat the performance next time out , with little difference in the relative outcome . or the pace may be too fast or too slow the time after and the frontrunning horse gets beaten out of sight . from the point of gauging ability , horses that win races from the front in good time are extremely hard to evaluate , except perhaps for distance suitability .
other high - earning gunner offspring from 2012 include # 1 money - earning horse nrha open futurity champion , americasnextgunmodel ( out of cee dun it do it and raised by silva reining horses ) earning $ 192 , 320 , and # 5 money - earning horse , tinker with guns ( out of tinker nic ) earning $ 110 , 427 . gunner sired a total of 204 foals in 2012 with average offspring earnings of $ 7 , 383 .
“he’s a speightstown group 1 winner , ” said solomon . “and he was a very fast horse . plus he has an outstanding pedigree for both the grass and the dirt . i think he’ll be a great fit . ”
one f the more intriguing aspects of bloodstock selection is the prediction of a horse ' s best distance . there can be little doubt that there are many distinct distance categories ( we count at least 8 between distances from 1000 to 2000m ) - logically , the more often a horse races over his best distance , the better his chances of showing his best form . that apart from the vital task of adjusting the training programme to his best distance .
brancaster was the club ' s first successful horse and he won the group three horris hill stakes at newbury and the following year ran in two classics , finishing fourth in the 2000 guineas before coming 10th in the vodafone derby .
chased a very sharp horse last time who raced in the open to start the card . he has speed and it would be fitting for the leading trainer / driver combination to win the season finale . he is an obvious threat .
colleen mcquay added , gunner was a sweet happy horse , and when i look at all he has given us i can only be grateful for the time we shared with him . losing him leaves another hole in our hearts .
but how good is fools holme ? nothing in any of his previous 8 races ( 7 of which he had won ) made him anywhere near as good as he showed here . the horse had a big reputation , not least because of what both millard and coetzee had publicly said about him when due to a hock injury the horse had to be withdrawn from the j & b met in january . significantly , though , when millard was asked in a televised interview round about the time of the rothmans july , when he regarded as the best horse he ever trained , the champion trainer mentioned three he did not wish to separate - and fools holme , we noted , was not one of them .
in the ancilllary arena , lyle lovett showed sns uvalde king and two gun shiner to ribbons in the novice horse non pro classes , and carlee mccutcheon was crowned winner of the short stirrup 10 & under class both days aboard get juiced .
so , losing any horse would be hard . but saying goodbye to a great one pushed the difficulty to another level when colonels smoking gun , known worldwide simply as
gunner ,
lost his battle with laminitis on july 8 . the national reining horse association ( nrha ) hall of fame inductee and $ 5 million sire was humanely put down after spending the last week at equine medical associates in pilot point , texas , under the constant care of dr . john mccarroll .
gunner was a horse for the ages . when he made his center - stage debut at the nrha futurity in 1996 , the reining world fell in love with the diminutive sorrel with the floppy ears and white tail . after tying for the nrha futurity open reserve title as a 3 - year - old , he went on win the us equestrian team reining championship in 2001 . he was immortalized as a breyer horse and finished his career with earnings over $ 177 , 000 .
another winner was rose colored gunner , a 6 - year - old mare by gunner and out of alicia rose by topsail whiz . owner isabell silvertolpe rode her to the apha freestyle reining sweepstakes at the american paint horse association world championship show .
wfa can best be defined as the physical progress a horse makes as it matures . just in the same way as zola budd , under conditions of continuous training , improves her strength of bone and muscle as she matures . the difference is of course that the thoroughbred is uniquely precocious in terms of maturity rate : by the age of 18 - 24 months the horse will have 95 % of its mature height and weight , and by the age of four full maturity will have been reached .
tim showed the flashy dun stallion in the 1986 national reining horse association futurity and won the 1987 nrha derby open championship . when he discovered “dun it’s , ” owners cliff and gwen steif , were selling the horse , tim wanted to buy him , but the price of $ 100 , 000 was a little steep . however , his wife , colleen , convinced him they couldn’t let this opportunity slip away , and with a little creative financing , the mcquays became dun it’s owners in 1987 .
in a letter to an bord pleanala appealing the refusal , ms haughey , who runs a thriving horse stud business in the curragh where she now lives , says she wants to move back to her home area to be near her parents and siblings .
his connections appear convinced , however , that sea captain will be best up the straight . his track record to date does not bear that out - a horse that fails to run on in sprints either is outclassed or in need of more ground .
congratulations to our other non pro classic finalists , lyle lovett and mistress with a gun ( gunner x shiners mistress ) , tied for twelfth and owned by lyle , and to lexie stovel and last pop star ( smart starbuck x mm jiffy pop ) , owned by lexie ! we’re glad our non pros had a great time horse showing ! thank you so much to jerry kimmel for sponsoring the dun gotta gun & mister nicadual usef reception friday evening ! we had a great time ! saturday marked the start of the open classic finals . congratulations to our finalists , tim and show your guns ( gunner x good time showgirl ) , owned by ken stovel , and sam schaffhauser and master pepto ( peptoboonsmal x shiney missy ) , owned by lyle lovett ! tim and sam are very thankful to ken and lyle for letting them show these very nice horses ! also on saturday was the usef youth qualifier , where lexie stovel was champion with her horse solano glo rey ct ( “jesse” ) . congratulations , lexie !
he was , for me , nearly the best horse i have ever known . although i had seen mill reef and other great horses perform , being close to montjeu , i could not believe what the horse was doing . he was winning derbys with his head in his chest and king georges in hack canters - it was unbelievable and we always felt that if we threw caution to the wind that we could have brought him back in distance and won a group one over a mile very easily .
congratulations to cade mccutcheon and dually with a star ( mister nicadual x dun it on a star ) , owned by tom & mandy mccutcheon , youth non pro futurity champions ! cade also tied for 12th on dually with a star in the l4 non pro futurity . the duo placed 6th in the l3 and took the reserve championship in the l2 and l1 non pro futurity , taking home over $ 36 , 000 . cade also took 5th place in the l1 non pro futurity on dun it dually ( mister nicadual x indy star dun it ) , owned by mcquay stables , as well as placed 3rd in the youth non pro futurity on dun it dually , and tied for 8th with vaquero in a benz , owned by tom & mandy . breaking nrha records as the youngest rider to make the l4 np finals ( at age 12 , cade broke his mother’s record , who was 13 at her first finals ) , cade finished his friday finals day with earning a little over $ 40 , 000 and a pretty big smile on his face !
his recent form has certainly been solid . he has won two of his last four starts and beat a nice horse last time in murmur hanover . another that is versatile , but appears to really relish the front - end . should be in the mix .
olympic fei discipline . finding inspiration in his wife , mandy mccutcheon , tom has made history yet again for himself and gunners special nite , owned by sarah willeman . this wonderful horse is by gunner , and was actually raised and started here at mcquay stables .
coming off a win in this year’s all american quarter horse congress futurity gunnatrashya ( gunner x natrashya ) and shawn flarida marked a 228 . 5 to take the level 4 open futurity championship and the $ 125 , 000 purse for owner arcese quarter horses usa .
in general , an evaluation of the time of a race doesn ' t necessarily tell you how good a horse is ; what it does show is how bad he isn ' t . but a
good
time certainly indicates a good horse - and that ' s important especially with youngsters . going only by form , you would only get quick insight if your runner beats what you perceive to be a strong field . otherwise it ' ll have to run at least a few races to give an idea , and even then you may not spot the exceptional animal . with time on your side , and the luck of a true run race , you could hit the jackpot very early on in the horse ' s career , even if all he beats is a field of newcomers .
a candidate for horse of the year again based on what she has done . we all know she loves this track , winning the hambletonian oaks , moni maker and breeders crown here . deserving short - priced favorite will be a popular single in the pick 4 .
he really couldn’t have finished any better last time and that race produced a next out winner in calvin b . the top three finishers in that race would be odds - on favorites and this horse came home in 26 - flat . i like him in this spot .
understanding that to keep top level reining horses healthy and performing their best requires a sound nutritional program , smartpak is committed to offering supplements that provide targeted solutions to help offer additional support or to manage a particular problem . and their very own smartsupplement line of products includes over 40 cutting edge supplement formulas at a savings of up to 40 % ingredient for ingredient when compared to similar products . the mcquay philosophy puts the horse first – and is a total program to attain a long - term career for a reining horse , making it a great fit with smartpak . with a worldwide clientele , mcquay travels stateside and abroad where he presents reining clinics and consults with horse owners and professionals . his training program for professionals and non pros is one for the ages – and one that many other pros admittedly have copied .
mandy also had a very successful futurity , placing top five on all three of her horses ! mandy and justa smart star were reserve champions in the non pro level 4 futurity , mandy and starbucks deja vu tied for third , as well as mandy and dun git a nicadual , owned by mcquay stables , tying for fifth . she walked out with over $ 60 , 000 ! dun git a nicadual is by mister nicadual , owned by jerry kimmel , and out of gotta git ya dun , owned by monica hicks . great job , mandy ! !
he was a $ 61 , 000 purchase at the sale here last week . he has always been a horse with a lot of speed and talent . the downside has been inconsistency . he qualified well , but will certainly have to improve on his last pair of starts .
actual time recorded by a horse conveys in itself practically nothing . the early pace , the track , the weather - they are elementary components in the evaluation of a race . to assess the real value of time requires quantifying the seemingly imponderable factors , and compensating for their effects .
he was an odds - on favorite last week and worked out a perfect second over trip . but , not only could he not get by the winner , he failed to reach the horse who provided his cover . likely favorite again could prove an underlay . needs his absolute best .
at mcquay stables in tioga , texas , the focus has long been on exceptional performance – both human and equine . but people close to owners tim and colleen mcquay know that underlying all the awards and accolades the couple ' s real focus has always been the love of the horse .
you might even throw in those who wagered on the dark bay or brown colt , who took home a tidy $ 11 . 40 for each $ 2 win wager — not bad money on a horse whose trainer has now won half of the last 14 runnings of monmouth’s biggest race .
my dream boat , four - year - old son of lord shanakill , won the 1 . 25 mile g3 bet365 gordon richards stakes by 1 . 25 lengths today at sandown defeating the favorite , last year’s winner western hymn ridden by frankie dettori . carrying a 3 lb . penalty to the field for winning a race at this level at saint - cloud in november , my dream boat squeezed through a gap in the final furlong . a g3 winner in france his last time out , my dream boat has won four of his last five starts . he is trained by clive cox : “it’s a thrill to have a horse on such an upward curve and he’s a great horse to be involved with . ” his impressed jockey , adam kirby said , “he’s a very nice horse , but if he keeps improving the way he is , the sky could be the limit . ”
he has chased j l cruze in his last four starts and he got a little bit closer each time . he is also coming out of back to back world record performances . the post won’t help his cause , but this horse has been very sharp against the best trotter in the country .
there are many examples of this theory . sea shore , quite clearly not in the same class as sunera , came within a hair ' s breath of beating sunera over the sharp kenilworth 1000 . heavenly boy , the barbican and military song , all somewhat behind the best have won many races that way . over slightly more ground , rise and rule is an extremely hard horse to beat over a sharp 1400m . but it takes a horse of above average ability , good going and a sharp track ( such as greyville or the kenilworth old course with its short run - in ) to achieve it .
he has come a long way in a very short period of time . just two months ago he was racing for $ 3 , 000 at plainridge and here he is , a contender in a $ 40 , 000 open on hambletonian day . a very sharp horse gets a huge test for class today .
lexie stovel enjoyed her visit to oklahoma city as well , showing her two horses , two cee command and solano glo rey ct , in the limited non pro , novice horse non pro , and youth classes . we had a great time cheering lexie on , alongside the stovels ! good job , lexie !
in march of 2012 , hollywood dun it will be inducted into the american quarter horse association hall of fame , along with bob loomis , gordon hannagan , walter fletcher , indigo illusion , and streakin la jolla . we are so proud and excited for this amazing honor , and also congratulate his fellow inductees .
smartpak equine was founded in 1999 with the purpose of simplifying the administration of nutritional supplements and medications to horses . the patented smartpak™ supplement feeding system has been adopted by thousands of barns and horse owners across the country , who value knowing that their supplements will be fed correctly . the smartpak system has been embraced by riders from all disciplines and all levels , including seven olympic medalists . in addition to the smartpak supplement system , the company offers a broad line of horse health and rider items , dog supplies , and equine and canine pharmacy items sold through the company’s catalog and web site . smartpak was recently named to
he had slightly gone in his coat . but he walked very well and had a terrific head - there was something very taking about him . john saw him and the first thing he said to me was goodness , this horse is going to change out of all recognition in the next few months ' .
first , my parents , who have given me every opportunity to ride the best horses they could get their hands on . there are two things i can always hear when i’m in the arena ; the faint whistle of my mom and the reassuring voice of my dad as i lope past . there have been a few horses that they provided that taught me just how humbling showing can be , but i learned to accept defeat and to remember there will always be another horse show . my parents have amazing horse sense and have instilled in me the appreciation of a great horse . throughout my life they have been there to support me at every turn i chose to take , without judgement - maybe not without an opinion about how it should be done - but with total support in helping me achieve my goals . mom and dad , i only hope i can be as good a parent to my kids as you have been to me .
i am always prepared to spend more if i think the horse has the ability to be a middle distance classic prospect - like petrushka and highest - and if i ever feel they will stay a mile and a quarter or a mile and half and be proper horses i will throw the dice and spend more .
i liked motivator very much . it is a bit like looking at a girl - you either like them or you don ' t . being a nice horse , i had to take him away from the wall boxes which is always a bit of a performance - most people look at horses where they are .
mcquay’s introduction to team smartpak comes on the heels of smartpak’s new “what the pro’s use” campaign , giving horse owners a glimpse into what’s involved in taking care of some of the nation’s top equine athletes . via their website , facebook and print advertisements smartpak shares interviews from top riders across multiple disciplines discussing how they use supplements to keep their horses performing their best , what some of their favorite equine products are , and why they choose smartpak for their horse’s health care needs . whether it be the peace of mind they get from knowing their supplements will be fed correctly , the ease of traveling , retaining the potency of their supplements or the top notch customer service , every rider has their own reasons for using the leading daily dose supplement provider . horse owners also have the opportunity to learn more about the everyday lives of these top riders including what riding superstitions they have , what they like to do in their free time , and even what they like to eat .
as tim is so impressed with yellow jersey as a reiner , the obvious question is whether or not his career in the arena is over . tim said , “we hope to make breeding the priority , but i do think there’s a lot of show horse left if we did decide to show him in international competition . ”
well , we can argue , and we will . this quote from a disgruntled major cape owner appeared in the cape times on november 12th 1985 , shortly after sunera had registered her third win in the cape . we have enough experience and evidence to show that an imported horse with a reasonable timeform rating will , if sound and fit , produce that same timeform rating will , if sound and fit , produce that same timeform rating in this country , just as any horse with at least some ability will run up to form wherever it races . spanish pool , foveros , breezing in and others did exactly that . but to win major races in south africa it is necessary to import a horse with a timeform rating of certainly over 110 . such horses do not exactly grow on trees , and if they can be bought at all , it will be at a price . and with the rand sunk to desperate depths , it takes a brave soul indeed to take that plunge .
“it’s gratification for me to be taking a son of dun it to the world equestrian games , ” tim said . “it makes you feel so proud of dun it and i’m so proud of the horse i’ll be showing too . he’s another superstar , i think , but we’ll just have to see what his babies ride like . ”
moulton then , by 2400m hors epardao out of miler close up , could either have been a miler or a 2400m horse . since he won from 1800 to 2200m in the best company , he must have stayed 2400m , even though never tried . on this side of hot touch pedigree our either / or theory fits a neat pattern .
roland gardens has made his mark at stud in south africa . wild west , runner - up in the july at 3 , won the met as a 4yo . enchanted garden , voted
horse of the year
last season has been extensively discussed in the august 1986 columns of this magazine . honey bear is his third major winner .
the reiners recently returned from katy , tx and had a great time at the national reining breeders classic , held at the great southwest equestrian center . good times were had with friends and family during our stay at the horse show ! special thanks to sean brown , pauline “cookie” cook , and the great southwest equestrian center for once again making the nrbc such a special event ! also thank you to mike christian and his team , including colleen’s nephew chad vanderlinde ( who comes to help us each year after completing several months of the wellington horse shows ) , and cheryl cody with the promanagement team ; along with our great team of officials , this group produces a show like no other !
to be in the company of people who have made such a huge impact on the reining horse industry is truly an honor . i hope i can continue to help our sport grow . it means so much to me to join my father and all the great horsemen in the nrha hall of fame . i will remember this night forever . ”
then it comes down to continually going through the horses time and time again to eliminate conformation that i don ' t particularly like until i have got a fine - tuned list of horses i am interested in - the pedigree would then dictate the price but the physical specimen should be the same for a 50 , 000 guineas and a 150 , 000 guineas horse .
gun dealer , a 2002 stallion by gunner and out of peppy oak , is featured in this month’s nrha reiner magazine as the 2010 nrha limited open world champion . gun dealer is owned by tim and lisa stanton from pickering , ontario , canada , and ridden by lisa stanton at the all - american quarter horse congress . click the link below to read the article !
impeccable pedigree as he is a full - brother to shake it cerry , last year’s trotter of the year . he was 2nd in the peter haughton last year and if you toss out his most recent effort , his form looks awfully imposing . unsure why he threw in a clunker at vernon , but not every horse races well up there and he is a bounce - back candidate .
now we would obviously struggle to buy a montjeu because they would not be in our price range any more . john knew everything there was to know about montjeu - he looks after madame boulay ' s interests and , therefore , along with coolmore , he managed the horse . he was keen that we looked closely at the montjeus and we were very fortunate to come up with motivator .
sold as the top priced horse in june ' 85 ( r58 000 ) , sea captain made his debut in june 1986 , when just 3 years old , over the rather stiff clairwood 100m . despite losing 2 lengths at the start , he raced handy and drew clear at the 200m to win as he liked . he started 2 / 1 second favourite and earned a rating of 76 .
the most exciting time in racing in south africa is from december to march . that ' s when the new crop of juveniles is best assessed - all youngsters run on ability only , the distance is of virtually no importance ( they all race from 800 - 1000m , 1200m at most ) , nor is fitness a prime consideration as long as the horse has shown it is ready to run .
though on a tight schedule performing , lyle lovett joined us on the weekend and won the limited non pro which had over 80 entries , on his horse , sns uvalde king . congratulations lyle and to one of our ariat team members , collene burnell , who tied for second in the same class on her mare , white n shiney pearl ! both of these horses are by smart and shiney .