the alder flycatcher ( empidonax alnorum ) is a small insect-eating bird of the tyrant flycatcher family .

the genus name empidonax is from ancient greek empis , " gnat " , and anax , " master " .

the specific alnorum is latin and means " of the alders " .

adults have olive-brown upperparts , browner on the wings and tail , with whitish underparts ; they have a white eye ring , white wing bars , a small bill and a short tail .

the breast is washed with olive-grey .

the upper part of the bill is grey ; the lower part is orangish .

at one time , this bird was included with the very similar willow flycatcher in a single species , " traill 's flycatcher " .

their breeding habitat is deciduous thickets , often alders or willows , near water across canada , alaska and the northeastern united states .

they make a cup nest low in a vertical fork in a shrub .

these birds migrate to south america , usually selecting winter habitat near water .

they wait on a perch near the top of a shrub and fly out to catch insects in flight , also sometimes picking insects from foliage while hovering .

they may eat some berries and seeds .

this bird 's song is a wheezed ree-bee-a .

the call is a quick preet .

alder flycatcher

a small , nondescript flycatcher of northern wet thickets , the alder flycatcher is difficult to distinguish from the willow flycatcher by any feature other than voice .
in an experiment on song learning , alder flycatchers were
tutored
with willow flycatcher song in the first two months of life . the next spring , the alder flycatchers sang normal alder flycatcher song .
the alder flycatcher and the willow flycatcher are so similar in their physical appearance , it was thought that they were the same species , which was known as traill’s flycatcher .
there are not known to be any conservation measures currently in place for the alder flycatcher .
the alder flycatcher has a relatively short breeding season , which lasts a maximum of 90 days .
in an experiment on song learning , alder flycatchers were
tutored
with willow flycatcher song in the first two months of life . the next spring , they sang normal alder flycatcher song .
the alder flycatcher is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
the alder flycatcher is so similar to the willow flycatcher that they were once thought to be the same species . song is the only definitive way to tell them apart .
the alder flycatcher ' s nest is a coarse , loose cup that nearly always has material hanging off it . the nest of the willow flycatcher tends to be neater , with no hanging material .
the longest - lived alder flycatcher was over 9 years old , when it was recaptured and rereleased during a banding operation in british columbia .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive species - alder flycatcher ( empidonax alnorum )
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive species - alder flycatcher ( empidonax alnorum )
title =
arkive species - alder flycatcher ( empidonax alnorum )
border =
0
/ > < / a >
some alder flycatchers have white rings surrounding the eyes , whereas others do not .
no information is available on management activities in montana specific to alder flycatcher , although the suspected breeding location for this species is protected within pine butte preserve .
alder flycatcher : breeds from alaska east through manitoba to newfoundland and south to british columbia , great lakes region , much of new england , and into the mid - atlantic states . spends winters in tropics . preferred habitats include alder and birch thickets near
fee - bee - o .
this traditional description identifies the song of the alder flycatcher . songs of empidonax flycatchers , a notoriously difficult group to identify in the field , are the best , and sometimes only , means for determining species . this is especially true for separating the alder flycatcher from its sibling species , the willow flycatcher ( e . traillii ) . alder and willow flycatchers cannot be identified reliably by sight alone , and even in - hand identification is not always certain . alder ( fee - bee - o song ) and willow ( fitz - bew ) flycatchers were considered one species called traill ' s flycatcher , a name still used to refer to the species pair . of these two sibling species , the alder flycatcher has the more northern and boreal distribution . alder flycatchers are late migrants in spring and leave early in the fall ; northern populations have a short 70 - 90 day breeding season . this flycatcher is single brooded , although individual pairs may renest after an early loss . molt occurs primarily on wintering grounds . the alder flycatcher is thought to winter chiefly in northern south america ( and thus further south than wintering willow flycatchers in middle america and extreme northwestern south america ) . the only definite winter records for alder flycatcher , on basis of call , are from eastern peru , eastern ecuador , and northern and eastern bolivia .
in areas where breeding ranges overlap , alder flycatchers show less aggression toward willow flycatchers near nesting sites than any other species ; willow flycatcher are the more dominant of the two species ( gorski 1969b ) .
other flycatchers found in montana with which the alder may be confused are the least ( e . minimus ) and willow flycatchers . in comparison , the least flycatcher has a shorter , narrower bill , a bold , complete eye - ring , thinner tail , and different song ( lowther 1999 , sibley 2000 ) . the general appearance of the alder flycatcher is so similar to that of the willow flycatcher that separating these two species visually can be extremely difficult ( lowther 1999 ) . the alder flycatcher is best separated from the willow flycatcher by voice . the song of the alder flycatcher ( a 3 - syllable
fee - bee - o
) is described as being harsh and burry in nature with a strongly accented second syllable , making it sound like a 2 syllable
rrree - beep
( lowther 1999 ) . the song of the willow flycatcher is accented on the first syllable , more of a
fitz - bew ,
but may occasionally sound as though it has a subtle third syllable ,
fritz - be - yew
( lowther 1999 ) . the call of the alder is described more as an emphatic
pip
or
pit
( reminiscent of an olive - sided flycatcher ) in contrast to the liquid
whit
of the willow ( gorski 1969a , 1971 , lowther 1999 , sibley 2000 ) . lowther ( 1999 ) indicates that , generally , the alder has a darker overall appearance ,
slightly greener crown , more pointed wings , slightly shorter bill , and slightly longer tail .
lowther , p . e . ( 1999 ) alder flycatcher ( empidonax alnorum ) in : poole , a . ( ed . ) birds of north america online . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca . available at : urltoken
the habitat of the alder flycatcher is seasonally variable , with dense , wet areas of alder ( alnus species ) maple ( acer species ) and birch ( betula species ) forest preferred during the breeding season ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . the breeding habitat is usually located in areas below elevations of 1 , 300 metres ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
while migrating , the alder flycatcher is found in various humid and semi - arid open habitats , such as forest edges , woodlands and fields ( 2 ) up to elevations of 2 , 500 metres ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
willow and alder flycatchers do not respond to playback of recordings of each other ' s songs , even where their ranges overlap .
a burry fee - bee - o , rather different from the wheezy fitz - bew of the willow flycatcher .
the alder flycatcher is so similar to the willow flycatcher that they were thought to be the same species . song is the only definitive way to tell them apart . however , measurements of crown color with a colorimeter , together with other measures of wing shape , bill and tail , may be able to distinguish birds in the hand that are not calling .
the upperparts of the juvenile alder flycatcher are browner than the adult ( 2 ) ( 3 ) , the underparts are tinged yellow ( 3 ) and there are broad , yellow - buff bars on the wings ( 2 ) ( 3 ) .
most tyrant flycatcher species have stable populations in north america . the olive - sided flycatcher , though , has sharply declined throughout its range possibly due to habitat destruction on its wintering grounds and has been listed as near - threatened .
observations in may indicate the earliest presence of the species in the state . alder flycatcher records continue generally only through july , with one rarity ; an individual at pine butte that was observed in september of 1991 ( montana bird distribution committee 2012 ) .
as an american species , the alder flycatch drew a crowd of 200 birdwatchers from around the uk when it appeared in cornwall in 2008 .
the moderately long bill is black on the upper surface and pale orange - yellow on the underside ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . the eyes of the alder flycatcher are dark brown ( 4 ) and the legs and feet are black ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
the alder flycatcher ' s diet is comprised mainly of insects obtained primarily by flycatching ( bent 1942 ) , although gleaning prey from tree and shrub foliage is also a known foraging behavior ( lowther 1999 ) . berries supplement their winter diet ( stiles and skutch 2003 ) .
in winter , the alder flycatcher inhabits thickets and forest borders ( 2 ) , as well as areas with early successional vegetation ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . while overwintering , this species is found up to elevations of 1 , 100 metres ( 2 ) .
although large in the empidonax genus , the alder flycatcher is a small species within the flycatcher family . thirteen to seventeen centimeters in length , with a wingspan of approximately 21 cm , the alder flycatcher has dull greenish - olive upperparts with a similarly colored , but darker , crown . the eye - ring is narrow , whitish , and sometimes indistinct but rarely lacking , while the throat is clearly white and contrasts with a gray breast band . the bill is black on the upper mandible and dull yellow - orange or pinkish on the lower . the wings are darker than the back , have white - edged tertials ( innermost secondaries ) and wing - bars that are whitish and boldly marked ( lowther 1999 ) . the vocalization of the alder flycatcher is a harsh and burry , three syllable
rreebeea
or
fee - bee - o
( lowther 1999 , sibley 2000 ) . for a more complete description , see below on distinguishing between the vocalizations of the alder and willow ( e . trailii ) flycatchers . for a comprehensive review of the conservation status , habitat use , and ecology of this and other montana bird species , please see marks et al . 2016 , birds of montana .
a long - distance migrant ( 2 ) ( 4 ) , the alder flycatcher leaves its wintering grounds between march and early may , moving northwards to breed ( 2 ) . this species usually remains at its breeding grounds until late august , when most individuals will have begun their southward migration ( 4 ) .
lowther , p . e . 1999 . alder flycatcher ( empidonax alnorum ) . species account number 446 . the birds of north america online ( a . poole , ed . ) . ithaca , ny : cornell laboratory of ornithology ; retrieved 3 / 25 / 2008 from the birds of north america online database
only the male alder flycatcher produces vocalisations ( 4 ) , which include a short ‘ pip ’ , ‘ pit ’ , ‘ tip ’ , ‘ bic ’ , ‘ peep ’ or ‘ whit ’ ( 2 ) , as well as a distinct , buzzy ‘ fee - bee - o ’ song ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
more of a long - distance migrant than willow flycatcher , tending to nest farther north and winter farther south . migrates late in spring and early in fall .
gorski , l . j . 1969 . traill ' s flycatcher of the
fitz - bew
songform wintering in panama . auk 86 : 745 - 747 .
the breeding range of the alder flycatcher extends through canada and into a small area in the north - eastern united states . the migratory pathway of this species passes through the eastern united states and central america , with the overwintering grounds located in various western south american countries , including colombia , argentina , peru , belize , and venezuela ( 3 ) ( 5 ) .
the alder and willow flycatchers are so similar in plumage that visual identification is nearly impossible . these two species were actually considered to be one species , the “traill’s flycatcher , ” until small differences in their plumages and distinct differences in their vocalizations showed that they were separate species . this was also the case for the cordilleran and pacific - slope flycatchers , and the eastern and western wood - peewees .
the diet of the alder flycatcher includes a variety of arthropods , including bees , wasps , flies , moths , butterflies , grasshoppers and crickets ( 2 ) . an individual may search for prey from a perch and pursue it through the air , or may take it directly from within foliage ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . in winter , this species may also eat small amounts of fruit ( 3 ) ( 4 ) .
the alder flycatcher has a large breeding range of 3 , 390 , 000 square kilometers . this includes brushy swamps and wetlands in alaska , canada , the northern mid - western states , and the north - eastern united states south through the appalachians . it winters in edge habitats in western south america . this species has a very large estimated breeding population of 130 , 000 individuals , and a conservation rating of least concern .
gorski , l . g . 1969 . systematics and ecology of sibling species of traill ' s flycatcher . ph . d . dissertation , university of connecticut , storrs , connecticut . 81 pp .
harris , j . h . , s . d . sanders , and m . a . flett . 1987 . willow flycatcher surveys in the sierra nevada . western birds 18 : 27 - 36
a small bird that spends the summer catching flying insects in northern thickets . this bird and the willow flycatcher are so similar to each other that they were considered one species until the 1970s . the only differences apparent in the field are in their voices . however , voice is important to these birds : many other kinds of songbirds have to learn their songs , but willow and alder flycatchers are born instinctively knowing the voice of their own species .
in north america , one hundred forty - seven species of tyrant flycatchers in fifty - eight genera have occurred . these include the brilliant vermillion flycatcher , the sassy kingbirds , and the bridge - loving phoebes .
a few other exceptions to this color scheme are the frosty plumage of the scissor - tailed flycatcher highlighted by salmon pink underwings , the orangish coloration of the say’s phoebe , and the black and white plumages of the eastern kingbird and black phoebe .
the plumage of the alder flycatcher ( empidonax alnorum ) is dull olive - green on the upperparts ( 3 ) ( 4 ) , although the head and crown are slightly darker than the back ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . the underside and throat are white , and there are two white or pale yellow bars on the black wings ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . individuals of this species may have a narrow white eyering ( 4 ) , although this is absent in some , and the presence of pale - coloured lores is also variable ( 2 ) .
habitat use is similar to that of the willow flycatcher and includes willow ( salix ) thickets , red osier dogwood ( cornus sericea ) , or birch ( betula sp . ) along the edges of wetlands , streams , lakes , and forests ( johnsgard 1992 ) .
mostly insects . differences in diet , if any , between this species and willow flycatcher are not well known . apparently eats mostly insects , including wasps , bees , winged ants , beetles , flies , caterpillars , moths , true bugs , and others . also eats some spiders , a few berries , and possibly some seeds .
the relatively short breeding season of the alder flycatcher runs from mid - june to early august ( 2 ) . the nest is constructed solely by the female and is a loose cup of coarse grass which is lined with wiry grass and conifer needles ( 2 ) . the nest is usually completed after around 36 hours ( 4 ) and the female then produces a clutch of 3 or 4 cream - white eggs ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) , which may be unmarked or have an irregular dark pattern on the surface ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . the female incubates the nest for between 11 and 15 days , and once the eggs have hatched ( 2 ) ( 4 ) the young are fed by both adults ( 4 ) . the young then fledge the nest after 14 or 15 days ( 2 ) .
members of the tyrannidae occur in most types of forested and non - forest habitats in north america except for the tundra . some species such as the willow flycatcher and black phoebe are associated with wetland habitats , others like the olive - sided and hammond’s flycatchers need coniferous forests , and other species such as the cassin’s kingbird and say’s phoebe , occur in grasslands . related species often replace each other in different habitats or regions such as in the case of the eastern and western wood - peewees .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is extremely large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
much of breeding habitat in the north is remote from effects of human disturbance . numbers probably stable .
willows , alders , brushy swamps , swales . breeds in thickets of deciduous trees and shrubs , usually near water , as around streams , ponds , or bogs . especially common in thickets of willows or alders . winters in woodland edges or second growth in the tropics , especially near water .
forages by watching from a perch and then flying out to catch insects . usually forages from perches within tall shrubs or low trees ; catches insects in mid - air , or takes them from foliage while hovering .
3 - 4 , rarely 2 . white , with brown spots concentrated toward larger end . incubation is by female , 12 - 14 days . young : both parents bring food for nestlings . age of young at first flight about 13 - 14 days .
both parents bring food for nestlings . age of young at first flight about 13 - 14 days .
male defends nesting territory by singing . courtship behavior is not well known , probably involves male actively chasing female through the trees . nest site is usually low in a deciduous shrub , averaging about 2 ' up , usually lower than 6 ' above the ground . placed in a vertical or diagonal fork in a branch . nest ( probably built by female alone ) is an open cup , usually built rather loosely of grass , weeds , strips of bark , small twigs , rootlets , lined with plant down or other soft materials . nest may have strips of grass or bark dangling from the bottom .
audio © lang elliott , bob mcguire , kevin colver , martyn stewart and others .
tell congress to oppose a harmful rider that threatens sage - grouse and other wildlife .
tell congress and the department of the interior to uphold the country ' s most important bird protection law .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
arthropods a major grouping of animals that includes crustaceans , insects and arachnids . all arthropods have paired jointed limbs and a hard external skeleton ( exoskeleton ) . early successional vegetation the first plants to colonise an ecosystem after a disturbance . incubate to keep eggs warm so that development is possible . lores the space between a bird’s bill and eyes .
del hoyo , j . , farnsworth , a . and lebbin , d . ( 2004 ) handbook of the birds of the world . volume 9 : contingas to pipits and wagtails . lynx edicions , barcelona . available at : urltoken
terms of use - the displayed portlet may be used as a link from your website to arkive ' s online content for private , scientific , conservation or educational purposes only . it may not be used within apps .
myarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members , allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with friends .
team wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planet’s species and habitats from destruction .
wildscreen is a registered charity in england and wales no . 299450 wildscreen usa is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit organisation in the usa
there are many ways to contribute—we need species information , photographs , audio , video , translations , maps , distribution data , and bird sightings . there ' s a role for everyone !
) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
copyright by borror laboratory of bioacoustics , department of evolution , ecology , and organismal biology , ohio state university , columbus , oh , all rights reserved .
using personal observations and reviewing literature that summarize the breeding , overwintering , or migratory habitat requirements of each species ( dobkin 1992 , hart et al . 1998 , hutto and young 1999 , maxell 2000 , foresman 2012 , adams 2003 , and werner et al . 2004 ) ;
calculating the percentage of observations associated with each ecological system relative to the percent of montana covered by each ecological system to get a measure of
observations versus availability of habitat
.
species that breed in montana were only evaluated for breeding habitat use , species that only overwinter in montana were only evaluated for overwintering habitat use , and species that only migrate through montana were only evaluated for migratory habitat use . in general , species were listed as associated with an ecological system if structural characteristics of used habitat documented in the literature were present in the ecological system or large numbers of point observations were associated with the ecological system . however , species were not listed as associated with an ecological system if there was no support in the literature for use of structural characteristics in an ecological system ,
point observations were associated with that system . common versus occasional association with an ecological system was assigned based on the degree to which the structural characteristics of an ecological system matched the preferred structural habitat characteristics for each species as represented in scientific literature . the percentage of observations associated with each ecological system relative to the percent of montana covered by each ecological system was also used to guide assignment of common versus occasional association . if you have any questions or comments on species associations with ecological systems , please contact the montana natural heritage program ' s senior zoologist .
species associations with ecological systems should be used to generate potential lists of species that may occupy broader landscapes for the purposes of landscape - level planning . these potential lists of species should not be used in place of documented occurrences of species ( this information can be requested at :
) or systematic surveys for species and evaluations of habitat at a local site level by trained biologists . users of this information should be aware that the land cover data used to generate species associations is based on imagery from the late 1990s and early 2000s and was only intended to be used at broader landscape scales . land cover mapping accuracy is particularly problematic when the systems occur as small patches or where the land cover types have been altered over the past decade . thus , particular caution should be used when using the associations in assessments of smaller areas ( e . g . , evaluations of public land survey sections ) . finally , although a species may be associated with a particular ecological system within its known geographic range , portions of that ecological system may occur outside of the species ' known geographic range .
adams , r . a . 2003 . bats of the rocky mountain west ; natural history , ecology , and conservation . boulder , co : university press of colorado . 289 p .
dobkin , d . s . 1992 . neotropical migrant land birds in the northern rockies and great plains . usda forest service , northern region . publication no . r1 - 93 - 34 . missoula , mt .
foresman , k . r . 2012 . mammals of montana . second edition . mountain press publishing , missoula , montana . 429 pp .
hart , m . m . , w . a . williams , p . c . thornton , k . p . mclaughlin , c . m . tobalske , b . a . maxell , d . p . hendricks , c . r . peterson , and r . l . redmond . 1998 . montana atlas of terrestrial vertebrates . montana cooperative wildlife research unit , university of montana , missoula , mt . 1302 p .
hutto , r . l . and j . s . young . 1999 . habitat relationships of landbirds in the northern region , usda forest service , rocky mountain research station rmrs - gtr - 32 . 72 p .
maxell , b . a . 2000 . management of montana ' s amphibians : a review of factors that may present a risk to population viability and accounts on the identification , distribution , taxonomy , habitat use , natural history , and the status and conservation of individual species . report to u . s . forest service region 1 . missoula , mt : wildlife biology program , university of montana . 161 p .
werner , j . k . , b . a . maxell , p . hendricks , and d . flath . 2004 . amphibians and reptiles of montana . missoula , mt : mountain press publishing company . 262 p .
baicich , p . j . and c . j . o . harrison . 2005 . a guide to the nests , eggs and nestlings of north american birds . second edition . academic press , new york .
bent , a . c . 1942 . life histories of north american flycatchers , larks , swallows , and their allies . u . s . national museum bulletin 179 . washington , dc .
gorski , l . g . 1971 . traill ' s flycatchers of the
fee - bee - o
songform wintering in peru . auk 88 : 429 - 431 .
harrison , h . h . 1979 . a field guide to western birds nests . houghton mifflin company , boston , ma . 279 pp .
johnsgard , p . a . 1992 . birds of the rocky mountains with particular reference to national parks in the northern rocky mountain region . lincoln : university of nebraska press . xi + 504 pp .
marks , j . s . , p . hendricks , and d . casey . 2016 . birds of montana . arrington , va . buteo books . 659 pages .
montana bird distribution committee . 2012 . p . d . skaar ' s montana bird distribution . 7th edition . montana audubon , helena , montana . 208 pp . + foldout map .
sibley , d . a . 2000 . the sibley guide to birds . national audubon society and alfred a . knopf , inc . , new york , ny . 544 pp .
stiles , f . g . and a . f . skutch . 2003 . a guide to the birds of costa rica . comstock publishing associates , cornell university press , ithaca . 511 pp .
american ornithologists union . 1983 . checklist of north american birds , 6th edition . 877 pp .
american ornithologists’ union [ aou ] . 1998 . check - list of north american birds , 7th edition . american ornithologists’ union , washington , d . c . 829 p .
casey , d . 2005 . rocky mountain front avian inventory . final report . prepared for the u . s . fish and wildlife service and the nature conservancy by the american bird conservancy , kalispell , montana .
ehrlich , p . , d . dobkin , and d . wheye . 1988 . the birder’s handbook : a field guide to the natural history of north american birds . simon and schuster inc . new york . 785 pp .
godfrey , w . earl . 1966 . the birds of canada . national museums of canada , ottawa . 428 pp .
johnsgard , p . a . 1986 . birds of the rocky mountains : with particular reference to national parks in the northern rocky mountain region . colorado associated university press , boulder , co .
keast , a . , and e . s . morton . 1980 . migrant birds in the neotropics : ecology , distribution , and conservation . smithsonian institution press , washington , dc .
lenard , s . , j . carlson , j . ellis , c . jones , and c . tilly . 2003 . p . d . skaar’s montana bird distribution , 6th edition . montana audubon , helena , mt . 144 pp .
montana bird distribution online database . 2001 . helena , montana , usa . april - september 2003 .
sibley , d . 2014 . the sibley guide to birds . alfred a . knopf , new york , ny . 598 pp .
skaar , p . d . 1969 . birds of the bozeman latilong : a compilation of data concerning the birds which occur between 45 and 46 n . latitude and 111 and 112 w . longitude , with current lists for idaho , montana , wyoming , impinging montana counties and yellowstone national park . bozeman , mt . 132 p .
terres , j . k . 1980 . the audubon society encyclopedia of north american birds . alfred a . knopf , new york . 1109 pp .
u . s . forest service . 1991 . forest and rangeland birds of the united states : natural history and habitat use . u . s . department of agriculture , forest service agricultural handbook 688 . 625 pages .
wright , p . l . 1996 . status of rare birds in montana , with comments on known hybrids . northwestern naturalist 77 ( 3 ) : 57 - 85 .
. you can download select species by searching or when you ' re on a taxa page like class , order , and family .
no modification . singing bird perched approximately 6 feet above ground in the top of rhododendron shrub .
natural vocalization , windy morning just behind the dock in a small wooded brushy lot . bird was perched on a willow type bush about 8 feet up .
black spruce ( picea mariana ) bog with a dwarf birch ( betula glandulosa ) and labrador tea ( rhododendron groenlandicum ) dominated understory . transitioning to willow ( salix sp . ) and white spruce ( picea glauca ) in drier upland areas .
heard singing in dense black willow stand on the bank of the mississippi river . continued singing while foraging and eventually flew within 10ft and intermittently gave different calls .
mixed paper birch - quaking aspen woodland about 10 - 15 meters from muddy river , a sinuous watercourse with many sloughs . within a kilometer were many muskegs and lakes surrounded by spruce .
same individual featured in xc194087 . habitat : shrubland , river , mature mixed forest .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
and indistinct white eye - ring . wings are olive - brown with two white or pale bars . bill is short with orange
black legs and feet . weak fluttering direct flight with shallow , rapid wing beats .
an estimated 63 % of their population breeds in canada ' s boreal forest .
a group of flycatchers has many collective nouns , including an
outfield
,
swatting
,
zapper
, and
zipper
of flycatchers .
the passeriformes ( pronounced pas - ser - i - for - meez ) , a large taxonomic order that includes antbirds , cotingas , and flycatchers , is composed of one hundred eighteen families of birds .
the tyrannidae ( pronounced tie - ran - uh - dee ) , or tyrant flycatchers , is a very large , successful family of four hundred and twenty - four species in one hundred genera only found in the americas .
some tyrant flycatchers are known for their bold , aggressive behavior , this family often called the tyrant flycatchers for this reason . the eastern kingbird in particular , seems to go out of its way to chase much larger birds ( such as turkey vultures ) away from its territory .
small to medium in size , tyrant flycatchers have stocky heads with medium sized beaks , tails that vary in length , and long wings . they also have short legs suited to their arboreal lifestyles .
tyrant flycatchers do not nest in colonies and mostly forage in pairs or alone although the eastern kingbird forms flocks during migration and on its wintering grounds in amazonia . most north american flycatchers share a similar foraging strategy that often varies by niche and prey item . this foraging strategy involves watching for insects from a perch , sallying out to catch one with a snap of the beak , and returning to the perch to eat it .
© 2002 - 2013 urltoken all rights reserved . mitch waite group . no part of this web site may be reproduced without written permission from mitch waite group . privacy policy
relating to or living or located on the bank of a natural watercourse ( as a river ) or sometimes of a lake or a tidewater .


orthosia cruda , the small quaker , is a moth of the family noctuidae .

it is found in europe , morocco , algeria , tunisia , turkey , the caucasus , transcaucasia , kazakhstan , israel , lebanon , cyprus and jordan .

orthosia cruda

habitat : orthosia cruda inhabits oak - rich forests , parks , and other woody locations .
small quaker ( orthosia cruda ) - norfolk moths - the macro and micro moths of norfolk .
endangerment factors : orthosia cruda is widespread , but loses many habitats due to the decline of oaks in central europe .
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
tunnusraitayökkönen
to
orthosia gothica linnaeus 1758
.
jamie mcmillan added an association between
image of diarsia mendica
and
orthosia gothica
.
habitat : orthosia incerta is found in habitats of all kinds that are rich in woody plants .
katja schulz selected
hebrew character
to show in overview on
orthosia gothica linnaeus 1758
.
hebrew character is a moth species , orthosia gothica , of the family noctuidae . it is found throughout europe .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
gaden s . robinson , phillip r . ackery , ian j . kitching , george w . beccaloni and luis m . hernández
records of caterpillar hostplants are scattered through published and manuscript sources worldwide and are difficult to retrieve . many rearing records are never published and so are not accessible to other entomologists . but collected hostplant records form a valuable scientific resource that can be used eventually to answer broader biological questions about how lepidoptera and plants interact ( eg , letourneau , hagen & robinson , 2001 ) . it provides information of immediate relevance to agriculture , ecology , forestry , conservation and taxonomy .
hosts brings together an enormous body of information on what the world ' s butterfly and moth ( lepidoptera ) caterpillars eat . the web - based version presented here offers a synoptic data set drawn from about 180 , 000 records comprising taxonomically ' cleaned ' hostplant data for about 22 , 000 lepidoptera species drawn from about 1600 published and manuscript sources . it is not ( and cannot be ) exhaustive , but it is probably the best and most comprehensive compilation of hostplant data available .
we hope that it will be useful to a wide range of biologists and that it will act as a spur to further recording and analysis of caterpillar - plant interactions .
hosts can be searched in two ways , using text search and drill - down search modes .
in text search mode , use either lepidoptera or hostplant criteria or a combination of the two . hosts operates only using scientific names . it is not possible to search for the hostplants of the red admiral butterfly but a search for hostplants using its scientific name , vanessa atalanta , will be successful . enter the generic name ( vanessa ) in the - lepidoptera criteria - genus box ; enter atalanta in the species : box ; click search .
hint : leave the ' starts with ' command as the default and in the species entry box omit the last few letters of the species - name ( eg , atalant ) . this will get around the problem of variable gender - endings . hosts uses original orthography of species - group names as far as possible , but some checklists follow the convention of altering the species - group name to accord with the presumed gender of the generic name ( eg flava , flavus ) .
restrict or refine searches using additional criteria ; choosing ' usa ' from the drop - down location box and entering [ starts with ] ' urt ' in the hostplant family box will return hostplant records of vanessa atalanta from urticaceae in the usa .
hint : restricting location may deliver a very incomplete subset of records : in the previous example all records specified as from the nearctic region ( usa + canada ) would be missed .
drill - down search mode allows the user to home in from the starting - point of either the lepidoptera or the plant family . choose a family group from the drop - down box and allow time for all genera of that family in the database to load to the genus drop - down box ; choose a genus and wait for the species to load . the search button can be pressed at any time , but the record delivery limit may be exceeded at higher taxonomic levels . drill - down search allows the user to see by scrolling all the taxa that are represented in the database . following the previous example , choose nymphalidae , then choose vanessa from the genus drop - down box and then atalanta from the ten possible species of vanessa included in hosts .
the preliminary search results pages give family , genus and species of the caterpillar and its hostplant . note that many hostplants are recorded as a plant genus only . clicking the caterpillar name will give the full record . the full record listing gives , additionally , the author of the lepidoptera species , subspecific information on the insect and the plant , if available , together with details of larval damage . laboratory rearings where the food utilised may not be the natural hostplant are indicated . the status of the record ( whether considered true , erroneous or suspect ) is not currently implemented in this version of hosts .
leguminosae ( c ) - caesalpinioideae . leguminosae ( m ) - mimosoideae . leguminosae ( p ) - papilionoideae .
all lepidoptera groups are covered and subspecific taxa are differentiated . the original source of the record , original form of the names used ( prior to taxonomic ' cleaning ' and standardisation of nomenclature ) and validation and verification fields are not included . this information is , however , retained in the databases used to generate this site . while we have included species that do not feed on green plants , the known food substrates of these are not listed exhaustively . such species comprise detritophages and predators and include , for example , most tineidae and the stored - products pests . the published compilations from hosts ( see more detail - publications from hosts ) include record status and the sources of all records .
detailed published compilations from hosts are available in press . these books give greater detail than the website , together with comprehensive cross - indexes , record status and full bibliographies . they are indispensable tools for naturalists and professional entomologists .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2001 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the oriental region . 744 pp .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2002 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of america north of mexico . 824 pp . [ memoirs of the american entomological institute , volume 69 . ]
beccaloni , g . w . , viloria , a . l . , hall , s . k . & robinson , g . s . 2008 . catalogue of the hostplants of the neotropical butterflies / catálogo de las plantas huésped de las mariposas neotropicales . m3m - monografías tercer milenio , volume 8 . zaragoza , spain : sociedad entomológica aragonesa ( sea ) / red iberoamericana de biogeografía y entomología sistemática ( ribes ) / ciencia y tecnología para el desarrollo ( cyted ) / natural history museum , london , u . k . ( nhm ) / instituto venezolano de investigaciones científicas , venezuela ( ivic ) . 1 - 536 pp . , 1 fig , 3 tabs .
gaden robinson was responsible for the overall project design and management of the hosts database , and for records of lepidoptera exclusive of butterflies and bombycoid moths . phillip ackery and george beccaloni were responsible for butterfly data , including data drawn from card catalogues developed by ackery , whilst ian kitching was responsible for hostplant data of bombycoid moths . luis m . hernández was responsible for abstracting in the latter two years of the project and for development of the bibliography for the hardcopy versions of the data .
we are extremely grateful to the many people who contributed their own rearing records of lepidoptera or personal accumulations of data for inclusion in the hosts database , particularly mike bigger ( uk ) , john w . brown ( usa ) , chris conlan ( usa ) , rob ferber ( usa ) , konrad fiedler ( germany ) , jeremy holloway ( uk ) , frank hsu ( usa ) , jurie intachat ( malaysia ) , alec mcclay ( canada ) , bill palmer ( australia ) , pierre plauzoles ( usa ) and the generous individuals who contributed rearing records through the worldwideweb and who are known to us only as an email address .
we are particularly grateful to julian donahue and the los angeles county museum of natural history for allowing us to include data on microlepidoptera from the card catalogue prepared by the late j . a . comstock and c . henne , and for access to manuscript records by noel mcfarland .
marian fricano ( santa clara university ) and aileen giovanello ( clark university , international internship 1996 ) made substantial contributions of abstracted data ; fran love ( north carolina ) painstakingly checked scanned texts and reformatted them for import to paradox .
much of the immense task of data abstracting and entry from printed and manuscript sources as well as preliminary editing and name - checking was carried out by volunteers . many of these were school students on work - experience placements during 1993 - 2000 from , initially , the coopers ' company and coborn school , upminster , and later from other schools in greater london : christopher andrewes , simon bennett ( 1994 nhm vacation studentship ) , steven bond , michael brownlow , emma causer , laurence cooper , ailsa cranfield ( 1998 nuffield studentship ) , emily dwiar , andrew enever , jane feehan , madeleine ferry , max friedman , edward gold , jennifer hodgkinson , christopher joint , fateha khatun ( 1996 nuffield studentship ) , james lowe , louisa marchant , gemma millward , christopher milne , carolyn oughton , william perkins , rebecca reith , eleanor resheph , clare sambidge , neil shaftain , stephen sloan , helen stevens , samuel tarry , david taylor and thomas yeatman .
we are indebted to all our helpers for their diligence , accuracy and patience , and for their unswerving faith that this daunting project would reach a conclusion .
our colleagues here and overseas provided substantial help , advice and assistance with the checking of names of lepidoptera and with many other aspects of this project : kim and david goodger and jeremy holloway ( macrolepidoptera families ) , martin honey ( noctuoidea ) , brian pitkin ( computing ) , malcolm scoble and linda pitkin ( geometroidea ) , klaus sattler ( gelechioidea ) , michael shaffer ( pyraloidea , thyridoidea , pterophoroidea ) , alma solis ( usda , washington - pyraloidea ) , fernley symons ( oxford university - technical support ) and kevin tuck ( tortricoidea ) . julie harvey and the staff of the bmnh entomology and general libraries provided sterling support in locating obscure source material and intuitively correcting bowdlerized references .
we thank the trustees of the loke wan tho memorial foundation for their generous support for this project .
robinson , g . s . , p . r . ackery , i . j . kitching , g . w . beccaloni & l . m . hernández , 2010 . hosts - a database of the world ' s lepidopteran hostplants . natural history museum , london . urltoken . ( accessed : 18 aug . 2010 ) .
brummitt , r . k . 1992 . vascular plant families and genera . [ vi ] + 804 pp . , royal botanic gardens , kew .
kartesz , j . t . 1994 . a synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the unites states , canada and greenland . timber press , portland . 1 , checklist , lxi + 622 pp ; 2 , thesaurus , vii + 816 pp .
kitching , i . j . & cadiou , j . - m . 2000 . hawkmoths of the world : an annotated and illustrated revsionary checklist . xx + 500 pp . , cornell university press , ithaca .
kitching , i . j . & rawlins , j . e . 1999 . the noctuoidea . pp . 355 - 401 . in : kristensen , n . p . ( ed . ) lepidoptera , moths and butterflies . 1 . evolution , systematics and biogeography . handbook of zoology , 4 ( 35 ) . lepidoptera . x + 491 pp . de gruyter , berlin .
letourneau , d . k . , hagen , j . a . & robinson , g . s . 2001 . bt crops : evaluating benefits under cultivation and risks from escaped transgenes in the wild . pp . 33 - 98 . in : letourneau , d . k . & burrows , b . e . ( eds ) , genetically engineered organisms : assessing environmental and human health effects . [ viii ] + 438 pp . , crc press , boca raton .
mabberley , d . j . 1987 . the plant book . a portable dictionary of the higher plants . xii + 707 pp . , cambridge university press . [ the 1993 reprint edition is currently used in editing . ]
nielsen , e . s . , edwards , e . d . & rangsi , t . v . ( eds ) 1996 . checklist of the lepidoptera of australia . monographs on australian lepidoptera . 4 . xiv + 529 pp . , csiro , melbourne .
nye , i . w . b . ( ed . ) 1975 - 91 . the generic names of moths of the world . 1 : 568 pp . ( noctuoidea ( part ) - nye , i . w . b . , 1975 ) ; 2 : xiv + 228 pp . ( noctuoidea ( part ) - watson , a . , fletcher , d . s . & nye , i . w . b . , 1980 ) ; 3 : xx + 243 pp . ( geometroidea - fletcher , d . s . , 1979 ) ; 4 : xiv + 192 pp . ( bombycoidea to zygaenoidea - fletcher , d . s . & nye , i . w . b . , 1982 ) ; 5 : xv + 185 pp . ( pyraloidea - fletcher , d . s . & nye , 1984 ) ; 6 : xxix + 368 pp . ( microlepidoptera - nye , i . w . b . & fletcher , d . s . , 1991 ) . british museum ( natural history ) / the natural history museum , london .
rawlins , j . e . 1984 . mycophagy in lepidoptera . pp . 382 - 483 . in : wheeler , q . & blackwell , m . ( eds ) fungus - insect relationships . perspectives in ecology and evolution . 514 pp . , columbia university press .
robinson , g . s . 1999 . hosts - a database of the hostplants of the world ' s lepidoptera . nota lepidopterologica , 22 : 35 - 47 .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2001 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the oriental region . 744 pp . southdene sdn bhd , kuala lumpur .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2002 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of america north of mexico . memoirs of the american entomological institute , 69 : 1 - 824 .
scoble , m . j . ( ed . ) 1999 . a taxonomic catalogue to the geometridae of the world ( insecta : lepidoptera ) . 2 vols . csiro publications , melbourne .
royal botanic garden edinburgh dipterocarpaceae database : http : / / 193 . 62 . 154 . 38 / diptero /
we use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .
the adults fly in march and april , feed on sallow blossom , and are attracted to light .
ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .
the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .
looking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .
procache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 24 22 : 03 : 24 page render time : 0 . 3483s total w / procache : 0 . 4302s
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
host plants : the larvae mostly feed on quercus species , besides also on other deciduous woods .
life cycle : the adults overwinter in the pupal skin and emerge in march or april . the caterpillars occur in a brown and a green version . i tapped them in may and june from oaks .
blå punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och övriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan innehålla observationer som inte är validerade . kartan uppdateras var fjärde vecka .
i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .
defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .
denna funktion används när du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka på deras namn . du kan också välja att använda knappen ”jämför arter” för att se bilder , kartor och kännetecken i en jämförelsevy .
du kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via släktträdet och där välja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat sätt att göra ditt urval är att använda fliken ”filtrera” , där du kan söka på olika egenskaper . ovanför listan med sökresultatet finns en knapp ”lägg i mitt urval” .
the mit license copyright ( c ) 2014 - 2016 google , inc . urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the
software
) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided
as is
, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .
the mit license ( mit ) copyright ( c ) 2011 - 2015 twitter , inc permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the
software
) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided
as is
, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .
copyright ( c ) 2008 - 2013 sprymedia limited urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the
software
) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided
as is
, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .
copyright 2008 - 2015 martin wendt , urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the
software
) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided
as is
, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .
copyright jquery foundation and other contributors , urltoken this software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals . for exact contribution history , see the revision history available at urltoken the following license applies to all parts of this software except as documented below : = = = = permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the
software
) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided
as is
, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software . = = = = all files located in the node _ modules and external directories are externally maintained libraries used by this software which have their own licenses ; we recommend you read them , as their terms may differ from the terms above .
the mit license ( mit ) - urltoken copyright ( c ) steven sanderson , the knockout . js team , and other contributors urltoken permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the
software
) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided
as is
, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .
copyright ( c ) 2009–2015 permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ( the
software
) , to deal in the software without restriction , including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge , publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the software , and to permit persons to whom the software is furnished to do so , subject to the following conditions : the above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the software . the software is provided
as is
, without warranty of any kind , express or implied , including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability , fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement . in no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim , damages or other liability , whether in an action of contract , tort or otherwise , arising from , out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software .
copyright 2005 - 2014 openlayers contributors . all rights reserved . redistribution and use in source and binary forms , with or without modification , are permitted provided that the following conditions are met : 1 . redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice , this list of conditions and the following disclaimer . 2 . redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice , this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and / or other materials provided with the distribution . this software is provided by openlayers contributors ` ` as is ' ' and any express or implied warranties , including , but not limited to , the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed . in no event shall copyright holder or contributors be liable for any direct , indirect , incidental , special , exemplary , or consequential damages ( including , but not limited to , procurement of substitute goods or services ; loss of use , data , or profits ; or business interruption ) however caused and on any theory of liability , whether in contract , strict liability , or tort ( including negligence or otherwise ) arising in any way out of the use of this software , even if advised of the possibility of such damage . the views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies , either expressed or implied , of openlayers contributors .
click here to support naturespot by making a donation - small or large - your gift is very much appreciated . thank you .
wingspan 25 - 30 mm . distinguished from other early noctuids by its small size , usually light colour and plain appearance of forewing which has a rough appearance caused by a dusting of black scales .
the adults fly in march and april , feed on willow and are attracted to light .
the larvae feed in the early summer on a number of deciduous trees , including oak and willow .
a fairly common species over much of britain . in a recent survey to determine the status of all macro moths in britain this species was classified as common .
fairly common in leicestershire and rutland . l & r moth group status = a ( common and resident )
recorded in 62 ( 90 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 03 . last recorded in 2018 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 3 . 2 / / en
the larva lives on different species of deciduous trees , like quercus and salix . the caterpillars are frequently eating other caterpillars . hibernates as a pupa in an underground cocoon , often close to a tree trunk .
the adults fly in march and april . they come to light , sugar and sallow catkins .
belgium , namur , lavaux ste . - anne , 30 march 2007 . ( photo © chris steeman )
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .
the forewings of this species are greyish to rufous brown . typically these are marked with a black mark shaped like the hebrew letter nun נ ) . this is similar to the markings of the setaceous hebrew character although the two species are not closely related . in this species this mark is sometimes split in two or even absent . the hindwings are grey .
is 30–40 mm . forewing sandy rufous , black - speckled , median area generally deeper rufous : lines browner , forewing purplish red - brown ; the lines pale , ill - defined , except by black spots at costa ; the cell black ; stigmata pale and large ; claviform connected with outer line by a black bar ; above which the base of vein 2 is often surrounded with rufous ; hindwing fuscous . the size of the orbicular stigma is variable , and the amount and shape of the black filling in of the cell is determined by this variation ; — in ab .
] from amurland and japan has a more violet grey ground colour ; ab .
this moth flies at night in march and april ( sometimes later ) [ 1 ] and is attracted to light and various flowers .
larva green dotted all over with yellow ; dorsal and subdorsal lines yellowish white ; spiracular line broad , white , with dark upper edge ; head pale green . it feeds on a wide variety of plants ( see list below ) . this species overwinters as a pupa .
seitz , a . ed . , 1914 die großschmetterlinge der erde , verlag alfred kernen , stuttgart band 3 : abt . 1 , die großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen faunengebietes , die palaearktischen eulenartigen nachtfalter , 1914
robinson , g . s . , p . r . ackery , i . j . kitching , g . w . beccaloni & l . m . hernández , 2010 . hosts - a database of the world ' s lepidopteran hostplants . natural history museum , london .
.
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .
strate ( e . g . coley et al . , 1985 ; contra altermatt , 2010 ) ,
, two of which are introduced from nearby regions . the overlap in occurrence in
rathcke method , which tests phenological overlap and ( b ) petraitis method , which tests niche overlap . this indicated that insec
families partition seasonal time in a random and the entire assemblage in a regular way . all groups of insects partitioned seas
domly except for the pairs of monophagous - oligophagous and palearctic - eurosiberian species , which partition season regularly . o
) and co - occurring deciduous trees . the hypothesis of complete general overlap is rejected for groups
based on feeding specialization , zoogeographical categories and taxonomic families . the same was the case when the entire insec
phagous species ( 13 . 8 % ) and those with a mediterranean distribution ( 15 . 4 % ) . voltinism is not very important for this assemblag
and only seven species are bivoltine of which four fed on a different species of oak in the second generation . the overall conc
whereas that of insect groups based on zoogeographical , taxonomic or feeding specialization are randomly dispersed in time .
and high ( > 850 m ) . at each site four two hectare rectangular
in the base plot at each site , up to five branches ( mean 3 . 7 ) at
plots / site x 3 trees / plot x 4 ( crown heights ) / tree x 3 . 7
as the seeds of these plants were collected from neighbouring areas of oak forest it is characterized as semi natural .
1 . the species of oak found on mt cholomontas and used in this study . the subgenus and the taxonomic status are based on
flora europaea ( schwarz , 1964 ) and personal observations ( km and pvp ) . plant cover classes are expressed in terms of the domin
foliage ( southwood et al . , 1985 ; ozanne , 2005 ) with cyper -
that used for oak insects by southwood et al . ( 2004 ) ( table 2 ) .
1979 ; rathcke , 1984 ) was used ( appendix s3 ) . this method
2 . list of the types of insects recorded in this study at sites on mt . cholomontas . [ a ] explanation of zoogeographical cate -
several subgenera of the same genus , or feed on several genera in the same order ( e . g .
specific trait in common ( e . g . particular chemical compounds such as the
drawn from this node defines six other clusters . [ 2 ] this level of
team , 2008 ) and the packages clues ( chang et al . , 2010 ) , vegan
( oksanen et al . , 2008 ) and past ( hammer & harper , 2006 ) .
oak are shown in fig . 1 . as a rule there are three peaks in
3 . presentation of the results obtained when the poole - rathcke method was used to segregate the moths in time . the null
the two dispersions are not significantly different . panel [ a ] is for insect families , [ b ] is for feeding specialization and [ c
affiliation with its host plant ( s ) . in this study the occur -
& reynolds , 1988 ) adjusted value of 0 . 431 . when abso -
assigned to six clusters ( fig . 3 ) . the results of the wald -
second generation to another cluster , i . e . , 5 . in oligopha -
( damesin et al . , 1998 , and references therein ) . this is
their peak numbers were recorded . only presences are considered here . insects with two generations are shown as different speci
followed by the number “2” . insect names are preceded with the affiliated cluster name marked with arabic numerals ( 1…6 ) as
for which the start and end date of appearance of its larvae were the same . congeneric species are shown against a grey backgro
ones , are the rule in insects ( denno et al . , 1995 ) and only
gophagous ( o ) and one polyphagous ( p ) species ( table 2 ) .
of the other two congeners ( cluster 3 ) ( fig . 3 ) , principally
( fig . 3 ) . as seen in fig . 4 separation in time does not
2009 ) . in terms of voltinism cizek et al . ( 2006 ) predict
/ web / packages / clues / < accessed 25 . xii . 2010 > .
hypotheses . in mcmanus m . l . & liebhlold a . m . ( eds ) :
c . 1984 : entomofauna ( lepidoptera ) of oak ( quercus coccifera ) in sr macedonia .
k . 1991 : zur biologie der eichenblattwespen caliroa cinxia klug . und caliroa annulipes klug . ( hymenoptera , tenthre -
panel are listed all the species of insect recorded in the study plots on mt . cholomontas . the specialization status was based
records in the literature ( e . g . schwenke , 1978 ) and personal observations .
applications of the method using standard statistical tests ( rabinowitz et al . , 1981 ) ; [ 4 ] it is not limited by evenness or dom
perennial plants in semi - arid scrub . the ability of the model to estimate the expected variances of a time sequence of biologic
events was exploited by sanders et al . ( 2007 ) who studied the assembly rules of co - occurrences of ground - dwelling ants in a var
of habitats and by marchinko et al . ( 2004 ) who studied character displacement in two barnacle communities in a quest for eviden
o . 2001 : phenological patterns of nine perennial plants in an intertropical semi - arid mexican scrub .
wald - wolfowitz tests of the larval phenologies ( mean of start and end date ) of oak foliage feeding insect clusters . an
- the aim of this project is to study the woody biomass and technical wood ( timber ) production in plantations where fast growing trees are grown ( e . g . fraxinus angustifolia , paulownia spp . , populus…
[ more ]
temporal partitioning in an assemblage of insect defoliators feeding on oak on a mediterranean mount . . .
insects feeding on the foliage of oak were studied on a mountain where species of mediterranean deciduous and evergreen oak coexist . there were 58 insect species ( 54 lepidoptera , 1 coleopteran and 3 hymenoptera ) belonging to twenty families in the assemblage feeding on eight species of quercus , two of which are introduced from nearby regions . the overlap in occurrence in time and of feeding . . . [ show full abstract ]
space allocation in melanophila knoteki knoteki ( reitt . ) var . hellenica ( obenberger ) ( col . , bupresti . . .
the phloeo - cambiophagous buprestid melanophila knoteki knoteki ( reitt . ) var . hellenica ( obenberger . ) is not a primary factor of fir decline problem although the beetle substantially contributes to greek fir abies cephalonica loud . var . graeca ( fraas ) liu mortality . by using mapping depiction of the exit holes of the insect on a set of fir trees located on a line transect in a randomized . . . [ show full abstract ]
larval performance in relation to oviposition site preference in olive kernel moth ( prays oleae bern . . .
1 the tri - voltine moth prays oleae bern . spends its larval stages on the native olive tree ( olea europaea l . var . sylvestris brot . and five cultivars , oleaceae ) mining the leaves , the flowers and the fruits in each generation ; it seldom switches to other native or introduced confamilial plant species . 2 in this study the pattern of oviposition of the olive moth was examined in olive fields and . . . [ show full abstract ]
estimativa de receptividad ganadera mediante variables edáficas en salinas grandes ( catamarca , argen . . .
el área de estudio de 4000 km2 se encuentra al sur de la provincia de catamarca . la actividad ganadera , esencial para la economía regional , es dependiente de las condiciones climáticas y edáficas . el objetivo del trabajo fue obtener información de los sub - ambientes del área , a escala de campo , incluyendo suelos y vegetación en el período 2007 - 2009 , y cuantificar las variables de suelo . . . [ show full abstract ]
agassiz , d . , r . heckford , et al . ( 1991 ) . “microlepidoptera review for 1991 . ”
agassiz , d . j . l . ( 1988 ) . “microlepidoptera – a review of the year 1986 . ”
agassiz , d . j . l . ( 1989 ) . “microlepidoptera – a review of the year 1987 . ”
agassiz , d . j . l . , r . j . heckford , et al . ( 1996 ) . “microlepidoptera review of 1994 . ”
anders , s . , r . fox , et al . ( 2010 ) . millions of moths mapped !
anderson , s . j . , k . f . conrad , et al . ( 2008 ) . “phenotypic changes and reduced genetic diversity have accompanied the rapid delcine of the garden tiger moth (
anderson , s . j . , d . a . dawson , et al . ( 2006 ) . “isolation and characterisation of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci for the garden tiger moth
anderson , s . j . , p . gould , et al . ( 2005 ) .
poster – replicate flanking sequences ( refs ) : the characterisation of novel , universal nuclear markers in lepidoptera .
european society for evolutionary biology ( eseb ) , krakow , 15th - 20th august 2005 .
anderson , s . j . , p . gould , et al . ( 2007 ) . “repetitive flanking sequences ( refs ) : novel molecular markers from microsatellite families . ”
angell , w . moth catches in the guernsey trap 1973 - 1979 , the possible effects of unusual weather conditions – unpublished report : 1 - 23 .
angell , w . ( 1984 ) . “a list of the moths and butterflies recorded in the bailiwick of guernsey . ”
anon . key indicators for british wildlife : rothamsted insect survey moth data – draft final report . york , university of york : 1 - 31 .
anon . ( 1987 ) . “ncc 13th report : 1 april 1986 – 31 march 87 . ” 39 .
anon . ( 2005 ) . sir richard southwood . a near 60 year relationship with rothamsted . , rothamsted research .
anon . ( 2006 ) . british moths fall by a third in 35 years – study .
anon . ( 2006 ) . countryside crisis as vanishing moths break the food chain .
anon . ( 2006 ) . “dramatic decline in british moths . ” retrieved 21 . 02 . 2006 , 2006 , from urltoken .
anon . ( 2006 ) . “dramatic decline in british moths . ” retrieved 20 . 02 . 2006 , 2006 , from http : / / www . 4rfv . co . uk . nationalnews .
archer , m . e . ( 1974 ) . “the bee and wasp survey . ”
archer , m . e . ( 1975 ) . “the bee and wasp survey . ”
archer , m . e . ( 1979 ) . provisional atlas of the insects of the british isles part 9 , hymenoptera : vespidae ( second edition ) . huntingdon , biological records centre , monkswood experimental station : 1 - 10 .
archer , v . w . ( 1977 ) . “moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arjen , e . v . t . h . , n . edmonds , et al . ( 2011 ) . “industrial melanism in british peppered moths has a singular and recent mutational origin . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1978 ) . “moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1979 ) . “moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1979 ) . “moths caught in rothamsted light traps in bedfordshire , 1969 - 78 . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1980 ) . “moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1981 ) . “moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1982 ) . “moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1983 ) . “moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1984 ) . “moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1985 ) . “macro - moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1986 ) . “macro - moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1987 ) . “macro - moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1988 ) . “macro - moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1990 ) . “macro - moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1993 ) . “macro - moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . ( 1995 ) . “macro - moths ( lepidoptera ) – report of the recorder . ”
arnold , v . w . , c . r . b . baker , et al . ( 1997 ) .
austin , r . ( 1988 ) . “moth trap summary for 1988 . ”
austin , r . ( 1989 ) . “entomology section report for 1989 . ”
austin , r . ( 1989 ) . “moths and butterflies of guernsey 1989 . ”
austin , r . ( 2000 ) . moths and butterflies of guernsey 2000 , la societe guernesiaise : 42 .
austin , r . ( 2001 ) . moths and butterflies of guernsey 2001 , la societe guernesiaise : 37 .
austin , r . ( 2002 ) . moths and butterflies of guernsey 2002 , la societe guernesiaise : 37 .
austin , r . ( 2003 ) . moths and butterflies of guernsey 2003 , la societe guernesiaise : 42 .
austin , r . ( 2006 ) . moths & butterflies of guernsey 2006 , la societe guernesiaise : 57 .
austin , r . ( 2007 ) . moths & butterflies of guernsey 2007 , la societe guernesiaise : 47 .
austin , r . ( 2009 ) . moths and butterflies of guernsey 2008 , la societe guernesiaise : 40 .
badmin , j . s . ( 1969 ) . “insect flight recorded by light trap . ”
badmin , j . s . ( 1988 ) . “lacewings recorded from east kent . ”
badmin , j . s . ( 1988 ) . “moths from perry wood , 1987 . ”
badmin , j . s . ( 1995 ) . “site monitoring and lacewing diversity in perry woods . ”
badmin , j . s . and n . f . heal ( 1998 ) . “beetle diversity in a rothamsted trap , selling , kent . ”
banergee , s . n . and r . a . french ( 1952 ) . “a note on the variability in the appearance of the brood in some british lepidoptera . ”
banham , p . r . ( 1977 ) . “three years’ moth trapping at wells . ”
banham , p . r . ( 1987 ) . “moth trapping at wells – the next ten years . ”
banwell , j . l . and t . j . crawford ( 1992 ) . key indicators for british wildlife , report for d . o . e . ref . pecd 7 / 2 / 84 .
barlow , h . s . and i . p . woiwod ( 1989 ) . “moth diversity of a tropical forest in peninsular malaysia . ”
barlow , h . s . and i . p . woiwod ( 1990 ) . seasonality and diversity of macrolepidoptera in two lowland sites in the dumoga - bone national park , sulawesi utara .
. w . j . knight and j . d . holloway . london , royal entomological society
barson , g . ( 1972 ) . “light trap records for 1969 from farnborough , hants . ”
barton , e . , f . slater , et al . ( 2009 ) . “long term change in a brecknock moth population . ”
bell , p . j . ( 1952 ) . “report on lepidoptera observed in hertfordshire in 1948 and 1949 . ”
bell , p . j . ( 1954 ) . “report on lepidoptera observed in hertfordshire in 1950 and 1951 . ”
bell , p . j . ( 1954 ) . “report on lepidoptera observed in hertfordshire in 1952 . ”
bell , p . j . ( 1957 ) . “report of lepidoptera observed in hertfordshire in 1954 . ”
bell , p . j . ( 1957 ) . “report on lepidoptera observed in hertfordshire in 1955 . ”
bell , p . j . ( 1958 ) . “report of lepidoptera observed in hertfordshire in 1956 . ”
bell , p . j . ( 1959 ) . “report on lepidoptera observed in hertfordshire in 1957 . ”
bell , p . j . ( 1960 ) . “report on lepidoptera observed in hertfordshire in 1958 . ”
bell , p . j . ( 1961 ) . “report on the lepidoptera observed in hertfordshire in 1959 . ”
bell , p . j . ( 1962 ) . “report on the lepidoptera observed in hertfordshire in 1960 . ”
transactions of the hertfordshire natural history society , 25 ( 5 ) : 193 - 194 .
bell , p . j . ( 1964 ) . “report of the lepidoptera observed in hertfordshire in 1961 , 1962 and 1963 . ”
bibby , c . ( 1973 ) . “the red - backed shrike : a vanishing british species . ”
bond , k . g . m . ( 1989 ) . “environmental impact assessment , fota wildlife park – rothamsted insect trap assessment of lepidoptera recorded 1986 - 1987 . ”
( steudel , 1873 ) ( lep . : yponomeutidae ) – records from ireland and the isle of man . ”
bond , k . g . m . and a . m . emmett ( 1985 ) . “first and second supplements to the butterfies and moths of the isle of man . ”
boorman , j . ( 1969 ) . “the animal virus research institute report . ”
boorman , j . ( 1974 ) . “survey of distribution of biting midges ( culicoides ) . ”
( diptera : ceratopogonidae ) from southern england : new records , a new species and notes on two species of doubtful british status . ”
( stephens ) ( neuroptera : chrysopidae ) , and the adjustment of light - trap catches to allow for variation in moonlight . ”
bowden , j . ( 1982 ) . “an analysis of factors affecting catches of insects in light - traps . ”
bowden , j . ( 1984 ) . “latitudinal and seasonal changes of nocturnal illumination with a hypothesis about their effect on catches of insects in light - traps . ”
bowden , j . , j . cochrane , et al . ( 1983 ) . “a survey of cutworm attacks in england and wales , and a descriptive population model for
bowden , j . , i . h . haines , et al . ( 1976 ) . “climbing collembola . ”
bowden , j . and p . l . sherlock ( 1978 ) . “cutworm biology and migration . ”
bretherton , r . f . ( 1977 ) . “immigrant species of lepidoptera at a light trap in west surrey in 1976 . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1979 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1978 . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1980 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1978 – a supplementary note . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1980 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1979 . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1981 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1979 . a supplementary note . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1982 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1980 – a supplementary note . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1983 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1982 . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1984 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1983 . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1985 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1981 , 1982 , 1983 – a supplementary note . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1985 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1984 . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1986 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1985 . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1987 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1982 , 1983 , 1984 and 1985 - a supplementary note . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1987 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1986 . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1988 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1987 . ”
bretherton , r . f . and j . m . chalmers - hunt ( 1989 ) . “the immigration of lepidoptera to the british isles in 1988 . ”


eupithecia rosmarinata is a moth in the geometridae family .

it is found in france and spain .

the larvae feed on rosmarinus and thymus species .

eupithecia rosmarinata

valter jacinto marked
borboleta noturna / / moth ( eupithecia rosmarinata )
as trusted on the
eupithecia rosmarinata
page .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
enter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .
we are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .
museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
website © jim wheeler 2016 - 2018 . nola - x database system © jim wheeler 2018 . - sponsored by urltoken & urltoken
if is associated with an alamy account you ' ll receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password .
enter your log in email address and well send you a link to reset your password .
if you want to use this image commercially and we ' ve indicated * that alamy doesn ' t have a release , you might need additional permission from the model , artist , owner , estate , trademark or brand . more information .
sorry , this image isn ' t available for this licence . please refer to the license restrictions for more information .
on the alamy prints site ( powered by art . com ) choose your frame , the size and finish of your photo .
enter your log in email address and we ' ll send you a link to reset your password .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more