ghilianella phasma is a species of assassin bug in the subfamily emesinae .

it is found on the indian subcontinent and in myanmar .

there is some debate about whether this species may belong in the genus schidium .

william lucas distant placed the species in ghilianella but ernst evald bergroth and pedro wygodzinsky moved it to schidium .

in his 1990 work of the reduviidae of the world , moldonado doubted the schidium placement .

ghilianella phasma

a new genus , neoschidium ( hemiptera : reduviidae : emesinae ) , with a redescription of the type genus , neoschidium phasma ( distant ) [ ghilianella phasma distant and schidium phasma ( distant ) ] , recorded for the first time from india .
a new genus , neoschidium was erected with the type genus , neoschidium phasma ( distant ) . it was earlier described under ghilianella spinola 1850 as g . phasma distant and later under schidium bergroth 1916 as schidium phasma ( distant ) by bergroth ( 1916 ) . because it exhibits characters not only of ghilianella and schidium but also intermediate specific characters that are not found in both the genera , the type genus neoschidium phasma ( distant ) is redescribed with additional taxonomic details , morphometrics , and illustrations . it is also recorded for the first time from india .
a new genus , neoschidium ( hemiptera : reduviidae : emesinae ) , with a redescription of the type genus , neoschidium phasma ( distant ) [ ghilianella phasm . . . - pubmed - ncbi
have a fact about ghilianella borincana ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a definition for ghilianella borincana ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
mukherjee p 1 , ambrose dp 2 , saha gk 3 , bal a 1 .
zoological survey of india , ' m ' block , new alipore , kolkata - 700053 . ; email : unknown .
entomology research unit , st . xavier ' s college ( autonomous ) , palayamkottai - 627 002 , tamil nadu , india ; email : unknown .
department of zoology , university of calcutta , 35 , ballygunge circular road , kolkata - 700019 . ; email : unknown .
what is neoschidium mukherjee , ambrose , saha , and bal , 2014 ( hemiptera : reduviidae : emesinae : metapterini ) ? a reflection on taxonomic practices .
for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .
this chapter reviews the ecology of assassin bugs with special reference to their microhabitats , habitats , relationship between their structural adaptations and habitats , adaptive ecotypic and polymorphic adaptations , and the factors governing their population dynamics . the biology of assassin bugs covering information on fecundity , hatchability , postembryonic development , nymphal mortality , sex ratio , adult longevity , life table , growth pattern , and parental care are described . the prey records of 182 assassin bugs preying upon 267 insect pests belonging to diverse orders of insecta are given . the ecophysiological factors that affect the postembryonic development are discussed . the predatory behavior , prey capture strategies , and defensive and offensive behaviors and mimicry accompanied by morphological adaptations are dealt with . impacts of prey deprivation , competition , and space effect on predation are mentioned . the courtship behavior and its impact on postembryonic development and the oviposition behavior are also given . the prey and the stage preferences of reduviid predators and the factors that govern them are dealt with .
the phylogenetic analysis of a nuclear gene , 28s ribosomal rna of two determined and three undetermined species of ectomocoris mayr and the mitochondrial gene , cytochrome c of three determined and one undetermined species of ectomocoris and one species of catamiarus ( serville ) from australia and asia was made . it reveals the interspecific and intrageneric phylogenetic affinity among ectomocoris and intergeneric affinity between ectomocoris and catamiarus . moreover , the cty c sequence analysis warrant further studies on the undetermined species of ectomocoris and the validation of catamiarus as genus or subgenus of ectomocoris . the study also proves the usefulness of 28s rrna and cyt c oxidase subunit i genes as useful molecular markers in the phylogenetic analysis of the peiratine genera ectomocoris and catamiarus .
available mitochondrial dna sequences viz . , 16s , cyt b , cyt c oxidase subunit - i , and cyt c subunit - like - i gene of rhynocoris ( kolenati ) species were subjected to phylogenetic analysis to understand the intrageneric and intraspecific variations and the role of geographical isolation on speciation ; using clustal w in mega version 5 . 1 . this analysis includes fifteen species and four ecotypes of r . kumarii ambrose and livingstone and three morphs of r . marginatus ( fabricius ) from four countries viz . , canada , china , korea , and south africa . the pairwise genetic distances were calculated and phylograms were constructed using maximum likelihood , maximum parsimony , and neighbor - joining methods . these preliminary analyses not only demarcated the fifteen species of rhynocoris , the four ecotypes of r . kumarii , and the three morphs of r . marginatus , but also revealed phylogenetic relationships and the role of geographical isolation and polymorphism on speciation .
the predator - prey interaction of five prey species with the assassin bug , rhynocoris longifrons ( stål ) ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) was assessed in a y - shaped olfactometer and the prey preference was assessed in six - arm olfactometer provided with the bodyextracts in hexane . although r . longifrons responded to all the hexane extracts of testedinsect pests , r . longifrons showed maximum response to the lepidopterans spodoptera litura ( f . ) ( 6 . 67±1 . 18 min ) , helicoverpa armigera ( hübner ) ( 5 . 17±0 . 89 min ) and achaea janata ( l . ) ( 4 . 42±1 . 04 min ) followed by the coleopteran mylabris indica ( thunberg ) ( 3 . 00±0 . 82 min ) and the least response to the hemipteran dysdercus cingulatus ( f . ) ( 2 . 42±0 . 76 min ) . thus , the present study clearly reveals the order of the host preference of r . longifrons to the tested hexane extracts of the taxonomically diverse insect pests .
the reduviid predator , rhynocoris fuscipes ( fabricius ) ( heteroptera : reduviidae ) is a potential predator inhibiting diverse agroecosystems and preying upon about 50 minor as well as major insect pests . the prey approaching behaviour of r . fuscipes ( fabricius ) to the hexane extracts of insect pests viz . , helicoverpa armigera hubner , spodoptera litura ( fabricius ) , achaea janata linnaeus , dysdercus cingulatus fabricius and mylabris indica thunberg was assessed in y - shaped olfactometer in terms of excess proportion index ( epi ) . ether in hexane fraction extracts of s . litura stimulated higher rostral protruding activity ( 6 . 53 + / - 1 . 56 min ) than that of h . armigera ( 4 . 61 + / - 1 . 29 min ) followed by a . janata ( 3 . 17 + / - 1 . 11 ) and d . cingulatus ( 2 . 95 + / - 1 . 12 min ) . the lowest response was observed to the hexane extract of m . indica ( 1 . 30 + / - 0 . 63 min ) . the order of excitement in behavioral response of r . fuscipes to the tested body extract of five insect pests was ranked as follows : s . litura > h . armigera > a . janata > d . cingulatus > m . indica . thus the present study clearly reveals the host preference of r . fuscipes to the taxonomically diverse insect pests .
harpactorine reduviid , rhynocoris marginatus ( fabricius ) exhibited type ii holling ' s curvilinear functional response to teak skeletonizer , eutectona machaeralis walker . the predator ' s attack rate increased with the increase in prey density . the maximum predation represented by ' k ' values was observed as 4 . 16 . but the highest and lowest attack ratios ( y / x ) ( 0 . 69 and 0 . 52 ) were obtained at 1 and 8 prey / predator density . positive correlations were obtained between the prey density and prey killed , but negative correlations were obtained between the prey density and searching time of the predator . at high prey density , predator spent less time in searching , therefore it spent more time in handling , whereas at low prey density predator spent more time in searching than handling . however , handling time varied due to factors such as rate of pursuit of predator and prey escape or prey capture success .
individuals of rhynocoris kumarii collected from three different ecological habitats viz . , rajapalayam tropical rainforest , tiruvannamalai scrub jungle and kanchipuram semiarid zone exhibited pronounced diversities in their oviposition pattern , hatchability , incubation and stadial periods , nymphal mortality , adult longevity , sex ratio and life table parameters . these diversities are considered a specially adapted biological function collectively called ecotypism .
the effective utilization of any biological control agent relies upon its comprehensive knowledge on bioecology , ecophysiology and behaviour . hence , in the present study , the predatory behaviour of third , fourth and fifth nymphal instars and adults of an assassin bug , coranus spiniscutis ( reuter ) to the larvae of rice meal moth , corcyra cephalonica ( stainton ) and leaf armyworm , spodoptera litura ( f . ) was observed in the laboratory . the sequential acts of predatory behaviour and the time taken for each predatory act such as arousal , approach , capturing , paralysing , sucking and postpredatory behaviour and the number of piercing and sucking sites were observed . the predator took less time to predate upon the larvae of s . litura than that of c . cephalonica .
the knowledge on the bioecology of any predator is essential to explore its biocontrol potential . in the present work the postembryonic development , oviposition pattern and nymphal mortality of an acanthaspidine assassin bug , acanthaspis pedestris stål were studied on two types of prey species viz . , larvae of rice meal moth , corcyra cephalonica ( stainton ) ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) and the termite , odontotermes obesus rambur ( isoptera : termitidae ) . the incubation period was 15 . 21 ± 0 . 64 days in c . cephalonica fed predators and it was 15 . 08 ± 0 . 28 days in o . obesus fed predators . the stadial periods of i , ii , iii , iv and v ( to male and female ) nymphal instars were 15 . 14 ± 0 . 68 , 13 . 50 ± 0 . 51 , 13 . 83 ± 0 . 70 , 15 . 83 ± 0 . 87 , 21 . 11 ± 1 . 45 and 25 . 18 ± 0 . 75 days when fed with c . cephalonica and 14 . 81 ± 0 . 49 , 12 . 68 ± 0 . 48 , 12 . 71 ± 0 . 58 , 14 . 56 ± 0 . 50 , 21 . 06 ± 1 . 03 and 23 . 72 ± 0 . 83 days when fed with o . obesus . the total periods of postembryonic development from i nymphal instar to adult were 81 . 30 ± 2 . 40 and 77 . 10 ± 1 . 70 days in c . cephalonica and o . obesus fed predators . the longevities of male and female adults fed with c . cephalonica were shorter ( 79 . 44 ± 1 . 81and 82 . 82 ± 1 . 66 days ) than those fed with o . obesus ( 98 . 03 ± 1 . 13 and 112 . 29 ± 1 . 38 days ) .
the protein profile of saliva of three rhynocoris species viz . , r . fuscipes ( f . ) , r . kumarii ambrose and livingstone and r . marginatus ( f . ) and the paralytic potential of these species to three prey species viz . , tobacco cutworm , spodoptera litura f . , blister beetle , mylabris pustulata thunberg and red cotton bug , dysdercus cingulatus f . were studied . the volume of saliva was uniformly higher in the posterior lobe than in the anterior lobe of rhynocoris spp . the highest and equal volume of saliva was found in the posterior lobe of r . fuscipes and r . kumarii followed by r . marginatus . the volume of saliva in the anterior lobe was higher in r . kumarii followed by r . marginatus and r . fuscipes . prey deprivation caused accumulation of saliva , uniformly well pronounced in both the lobes . the total volume of the saliva was the highest in the posterior lobe of 8 day prey deprived r . marginatus followed by r . kumarii . the protein content was uniformly higher in the anterior lobe of all the three species irrespective of the volume of the saliva . r . kumarii had the highest protein content both in the anterior and posterior lobes . though prey deprivation increased protein content in both the lobes in all the three species it was well pronounced in r . kumarii . the densitometric electropherogram revealed 9 , 8 and 9 protein fractions in r . fuscipes , r . kumarii and r . marginatus and none of them share a common protein thus suggesting that the proteins are species specific . though the paralytic potential of toxin in terms of dosage and duration varied among the three species and also in relation to the target pest species , prey deprivation uniformly enhanced paralytic potential in all of them . the chemical and functional diversity and mode of action of neurotoxin of these three species are related to morphological and structural adaptations and the mode of predation . the role of saliva in extraoral digestion and the multidimensional utility of neurotoxin as a neuropharmacological tool , a basis for synthesizing venom based bioinsecticides and as a molecular marker are discussed .
field record of harpactorine assassin bugs in tirunelveli district , tamil nadu , south india .
functional response of assassin bug , acanthaspis pedestris stål to rice meal moth larva , corcyra cephelonica stainton and termite , odontotermes obesus rambur .
host preference , stage preference and functional response of assassin bug , rhynocoris kumarii ambrose and livingstone ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) to its most preferred prey tobacco cutworm , spodoptera litura ( f . )
the assassin bug , rhynocoris kumarii ambrose and livingstone preferred larvae of tobacco cutworm , spodoptera litura ( f . ) ( 35 . 29 % ) followed by the larvae of castor semilooper , achaea janata l . ( 29 . 41 % ) and slant - faced grasshopper , tyloprobidus variecornis walker ( 21 . 57 % ) . a low preference was expressed towards the blister beetles , mylabris indica thunberg ( 13 . 45 % ) and mylabris pustulata thunberg ( 8 . 03 % ) . among the blister beetles m . pustulata was the least preferred one . among the different size groups of its most preferred prey s . litura , r . kumarii preferred 5 - 10 mm size group ( 44 . 64 % ) followed by other size groups ( 0 - 5 mm , 26 . 95 % ) and ( 10 - 15 mm , 18 . 16 % ) . the least preferred ( 10 . 23 % ) size group was 15 - 20 mm . r . kumarii also exhibited type ii functional response to s . litura larvae . a positive correlation was obtained between the prey density and the prey killed ( y = 0 . 598 + 0 . 279x ; r = 0 . 926 ) . the attack ratio decreased as the prey density increased ( y = 0 . 496 - 0 . 011x ; r = - 0 . 732 ) . the maximum predation represented by ' k ' value ( 4 . 53 ) was always found restricted to higher prey density . a negative correlation was obtained between the searching time and the prey density ( y = 4 . 383 - 0 . 311x ; r = - 0 . 975 ) .
assassin bugs are biological control agents . the reduviine assassin bug , acanthaspis pedestris stål is a predator of diverse insect pests . in the present study , the prey preference of a . pedestris to five species of grasshoppers ( orthoptera : acrididae ) viz . , tylotropidus variecornis walker , orthacris maindroni boliver , two undetermined slant - faced grasshoppers and one undetermined cone - headed grasshopper ; its stage preference to the life stages of its most preferred prey , o . maindtroni were investigated . the adults of a . pedestris highly preferred the o . maindroni ( 39 % ) followed by the slant - faced sp . 1 ( 25 % ) , t . variecornis ( 16 . 38 % ) and cone - headed grasshopper ( 16 . 24 % ) among the five different types of acridid grasshoppers . a . pedestris rarely preferred the slant - faced grasshopper sp . 2 ( 14 . 85 % ) . among the different size groups of its most preferred prey o . maindroni , the adults of a . pedestris highly preferred the size groups of ( 1 . 0 - 1 . 7 cm ) ( 32 % ) followed by the size groups ( 0 . 5 - 1 . 0 cm ) ( 26 . 34 % ) and 1 . 7 - 2 . 2 cm ) ( 22 . 46 % ) . the least preferred size group was ( 0 - 0 . 5 cm ) ( 19 . 04 % ) . a . pedestris exhibited type ii functional response to o . maindroni . a positive correlation was obtained between the prey density and the prey killed ( y = 0 . 2504 + 0 . 4692 ; r = 0 . 9829 ) . the attack ratio decreased as the prey density increased ( y = 0 . 7621 - 0 . 0399x ; r = 0 . 6911 ) . the maximum predation represented by ' k ' value ( 4 . 16 ) was always restricted to higher prey density . a negative correlation was obtained between the searching time and the prey density ( y = 4 . 7095 - 0 . 5652x ; r = 0 . 9828 ) . the result revealed that a . pedestris preferred 1 . 0 to 1 . 7 cm size groups of o . maindroni and exhibited type ii functional response to it , revealing the biocontrol potential of a . pedestris on o . maindroni .
courtallam tropical rainforest , the present study area , a famous hill resort is located in the eastern slope of western ghats at an altitude of 550 ft msl . the study area is opposite to five falls , located at a latitude 8 o 54 ' 39 ' ' to 9 o 2 ' 35 ' ' n and longitude 77 o 11 ' 47 ' ' to 77 o 20 ' e . light trap studies conducted at courtallam from feb , 1992 to jan 1993 yielded insects belonging to five orders namely coleoptera , hemiptera , hymenoptera , isoptera and lepidoptera . hemiptera was predominant with 29 species , 27 genera and 12 families followed by coleoptera 23 species , 21 genera and 10 families . isoptera was the lowest recorded with two species two genera and one family . the result suggested that the reduviids and pyrrhocorids were the major constituent of hemiptera collected by light trap . coleopteran population peaks were recorded in may and october . these peaks could be related to the occurrence of rainfall at the study area . the hemipterans were maximum during december and january . this peak of hemiptera was mainly due to the dominance of single species nephotettix sp . the swarming behaviour of ants would probably be the reason for high hymenopterans found during december and january . the isopterans were poorly represented . the lepidopteran peak was observed during july after heavy rainfall at the study area . the factors governing diversity and population dynamics of insect fauna in courtallam are discussed .
chemical ecology of rhynocoris kumarii ambrose and livingstone ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) and chosen prey species .
the impact of the insecticide , synergy - 505 ( chlorpyrifos 50 % and cypermethrin 5 % e . c ) , on the functional response , predatory behavior , and mating behavior of a non - target reduviid , rhynocoris marginatus ( fabricius ) ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) , a potential biological control agent , were studied . though both normal and synergy - 505 - exposed r . marginatus exhibited holling ' s type ii curvilinear functional response , synergy - 505 caused a less pronounced type ii functional response with reduced numbers of prey killed , attack rate , searching time , and prolonged handling time in 4th and 5th nymphal instars and adult males and females reflecting reduced predatory potential . synergy - 505 also delayed the predatory and mating events . the impacts of synergy - 505 on functional response , predatory behavior , and mating behavior were more evident at higher concentrations of synergy - 505 .
two species of endochus stål , 1859 , e . albomaculatus stål and e . merula distant , were recorded for the first time from india . they are redescribed , together with the genus , with additional taxonomic details and illustrations .
mass rearing of entomophages insects for biological control : success , bottlenecks and strategies .
development , reproductive performance and ecotypic diversity of coranus siva kirkaldy ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) .
intraspecific competition was found to affect the predation of assassin bug , irantha armipes ( stål ) on cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera ( hübner ) and quickened predatory acts such as capturing , paralyzing and sucking with reduction in the number of piercing and sucking sites . the impact of competition on predation increased in proportion to the number of competitors confronted .
functional and numerical responses of the reduviid predator , rhynocoris fuscipes f . ( het . , reduviidae ) to cotton leafworm spodoptera litura f . ( lep . , noctuidae )
rhynocoris fuscipes positively responded to the changing abundance of prey and exhibited holling ' s second model of functional response . increased searching capacity and decreased handling time were observed with the increasing prey density in r . fuscipes . the considerable number of prey consumed by the predator per day at higher prey density than at lower density reflected the predator ' s biocontrol potential . increasing prey density did not significantly shorten the iv stadium of the predator , whereas that of v stadium was significantly shortened . predators ' survival and longevity were not affected by the prey density . low prey densities resulted in an increase in the pre - oviposition period . fecundity and hatchability were increased as a function of prey density .
biology , behaviour and functional response of sphedanolestes variabilis distant ( insecta : hemiptera : reduviidae : harpactorinae ) , a potential predator of lepidopteran pests .
influence of predator’s age , sex and prey size on the functional response of rhynocoris marginatus ( fabricius ) ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) to dysdercus cingulatus fabricius ( hemiptera : pyrrhocoridae ) .
rhinocoris marginatus ( fabr . ) is found to be a potential biological control agent on various insect pests . adults and nymphal instars of r . marginatus , collected from the scrub jungles and semiarid zones , were reared in plastic containers of different volumes , viz . , 85 ml . , 170 ml . , 340 ml . , under laboratory conditions . individuals reared in 85 ml . containers take less time in capturing their prey . increase in the volume of containers causes early oviposition and higher fecundity and hatchability . adults reared in containers of 170 and 340 ml . oviposit bigger eggs than the adults reared in 85 ml . containers . individuals reared in 340 ml . containers emerge first followed by individuals reared in 170 ml . containers . decrease in volume of the container causes increase in the longevity of the adults . space has also a direct effect on the adult morphometry of various regions .
sycanus reclinatusdohrn , a reduviid predator , inhabits tropical evergreen forests of southern india . females lay clusters of brown coloured eggs 22 d after emergence . the eggs hatch in 14 to 23 d and the pale - ochraceous nymphs turn into deep - ochraceous within 1 h . total stadial period from i instar to adult ranges from 61 to 90 d at 32 °c . the different nymphal instars are taxonomically described . male and female longevities are 5 to 54 d and 5 to 50 d , respectively . the sex ratio is slightly male biased . the predatory and mating behaviours are described . the biocontrol efficiency of this reduviid is also dealt with .
a redescription of adult of sphedanolestes himalayensis distant is given . the immatures and adults of s . himalayensis were found to inhabit the shrubs of tropical evergreen forests . it lays single , elongate , pale reddish eggs , which adhered to the top of the rearing containers in the laboratory . the average number of eggs laid by a female was 74 . 8 ± 5 . 2 . incubation period was 9 . 6± 0 . 86 days . the total nymphal developmental period from i to v nymphal instar was 59 . 8± 8 . 6 days . the longevity of the adult female ( 71 . 6±3 . 4 days ) was longer than that of the adult male ( 68 . 3±6 . 1 days ) . the preoviposition and postoviposition periods were 9 . 8± 0 . 76 and 4 . 6±0 . 03 days . the male and female sex ratio was 0 . 86 : 1 . sequential events of predation and mating conform to those of other harpactorine reduviids .
functional response of rhynocoris kumarii ambrose and livingstone and normal and synergy - 505 exposed rhynocoris marginatus ( fab . ) to larva oe euproctis fraterna ( moore ) .
relative toxicity of two organophosphorous insecticides and polymorphic resistance in rhynocoris marginatus ( fabricius ) ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) .
functional response of acanthaspis quinquespinosa ( fabricius ) ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) on coptotermesheimi ( wasmann ) .
development , intrinsic rate of natural increase and ecotypism of euagoras plagiatus ( burmeister ) ( insecta : hemiptera : reduviidae ) .
impact of female parental age on the postembryonic development and reproductive potential of sphedanolestes pubinotum reuter ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) .
acanthaspis pedestris stål is an important reduviid predator found in the scrub jungles and agroecosystems of india predating on a number of insect pests and it is used as a bio - control agent . but its use is limited due to its scarcity at times when pests are often most abundant . the only possible way to overcome this difficulty is to mass culture this predator in the laboratory and supply them to the farmers . the practice of mass culturing leads to inbreeding which renders the species ultimately less effective against the pests . in order to overcome this shortfall , the morphological and biological characteristics of a . pedestris collected from seven ecotypes were subjected to upgma cluster analysis and the distantly related ecotypes were identified . by this method , it is possible to select and use two distantly related ecotypes for mating which can restore the genetic variability . thus , the suggested approach makes the biocontrol agent effective even under mass culturing .
impact of cypermethrin on the biology and lifetable parameters of a nontarget biological control agent rhynocoris marginatus ( fabricius ) ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) .
ecotypic diversity and life table parameters of rhynocoris longifrons ( stål ) ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) , a potential predator of cotton pests .
an annotatec checklist of indian peiratinae ( hemiptera : reduviidae ) with ecological and morphological characteristics .
biodiversity of light - trapped entomofauna of vickramasingapuram , tirunelveli , tamil nadu , south india .
the effects of sublethal concentrations of insecticide deltamethrin on the functional response , predatory and mating behaviour were studied in a nontarget harpactorine reduviid predator rhynocoris marginatus ( fabricius ) in the laboratory ( temp . 30 ± 1°c , rh 75 ± 5 % , photoperiod 12 ± 1 hrs ) . the intensity of abnormal behaviour increased as the concentration of deltamethrin was increased . the insecticide affected the predatory potential i . e . , functional response events such as number of prey killed , attack ratio and rate of discovery . deltamethrin also prolonged the predatory behaviour , inhibited the premating events and quickened the mating events in r . marginatus .
a checklist of 464 indian species of assassin bugs under 144 genera and 14 subfamilies with their taxonomical status , their distribution in india and world over and their morphological characteristics are given . members of the harpactorinae are the most abundant group with 146 species and 41 genera followed by the reduviinae and the ectrichodiinae . the subfamilies such as the physoderinae and the ectinoderinae are represented each by two and lone species . other characteristics of the family reduviidae discussed in this overview include the rostrum structure , tibial pads , habitat characteristics , microhabitats and habits . morphological characteristics are correlated with ecological , behavioural and biological manifestations of the reduviids .
effect of insecticides on the intrinsic rate of natural increase of rhynocoris marginatus ( fabricius ) .
seasonal density of reduviid predators of vagaikulam semiarid ecosystem in thoothukudi dist , tamil nadu .
a survey of kalakad - mundanthurai tiger reserve ( k - mtr ) , western ghats , southern india , from september 2002 to march 2003 revealed the presence of 24 species of butterflies . observation on diagnostic morphological features , habitat range , larval and adult food , months of abundance , duration of flight , mode of flight and associated habits , mimicry and conservation status are included with meteorological data .
impact of cypermethrin on the functional response , predatory and mating behaviour of a non - target biocontrol agent rhynocoris marginatus fab . ( hem . , reduviidae )
upgma cluster analysis as a tool in the biosystematics of reduviidae ( insecta : hemiptera ) .
adults of rhynocoris kumarii ambrose and livingstone when treated with insecticides viz . , monocrotophos , dimethoate , methylparathion , quinalphos and endosulphan at sublethal doses developed severe abnormalities in the alimentary canal , testis and ovary . lysis of intercellular cementing material , pycnotic nuclei , vacuolated cells , obliteration of peritrophic membrane and exfoliation of cells were the abnormalities in the alimentary canal . insecticides caused size reduction , sperm cells distortion , vacuolated spermatocytes and spermatids in the testis and crumpled follicular epitheliun and vacuolization of the germarium in the ovary .
impact of insecticides on the hemogram of rhynocoris kumarii ambrose and livingstone ( hem . , reduviidae )
the haemogram of rhynocoris kumarii ambrose and livingstone comprises prohaemocytes , plasmatocytes , granular haemocytes , cystocytes and oenocytoids . the impact of five insecticides , viz . monocrotophos , dimethoate , methylparathion , quinalphos and endosulfan on the total haemocyte count ( thc ) and differential haemocyte counts ( dhc ) was studied . all of the insecticides except endosulfan initially reduced both prohaemocytes and plasmatocytes , increased the granular haemocytes , altered the percentage of cystocytes and oenocytoids and increased the total haemocyte count ( thc ) . on the contrary , endosulfan initially increased the prohaemocytes and plasmatocytes , decreased the granular haemocytes and also the thc . the highest impact on the dhc and thc was caused by methylparathion and monocrotophos and the least impact by endosulfan . hence , endosulfan is considered as the safest insecticide followed by dimethoate and quinalphos among these five insecticides to use with r . kumarii .
polymorphic diversity in salivary and haemolymph proteins and digestive physiology of assassin bug rhynocoris marginatus ( fab . ) ( het . , reduviidae )
rhynocoris marginatus ( fab . ) occurs in three morphs viz . ( i ) niger ( black connexivum ) ( ii ) sanguineous ( red connexivum ) and ( iii ) nigrosanguineous ( black and red banded connexivum ) . the salivary protein ( μg / mg wet weight of salivary gland complex ) , and haemolymph protein ( μg / 100 μl ) were higher in niger morph than in nigrosanguineous and sanguineous morphs . endopeptidase ( trypsin ) activity of homogenate of salivary gland complex ( sgc ) of niger morph was also higher . it was significantly lower in the sanguineous morph . endopeptidase activity was found to be uniformly meagre in the anterior midgut ( amg ) and in the posterior midgut ( pmg ) in all the three morphs . the exopeptidase ( aminopeptidase ) activity was also found to be negligible in sgc in all the three morphs . niger morph showed a significantly higher activity of exopeptidase in amg and pmg than the other two morphs .
abundance of boll worm , flower beetle , predators and field colonization by rhynocoris kumarii ( het . , reduviidae ) following mulching and shelter provisioning in cotton
field colonization of the assassin bug rhynocoris kumarii ambrose and livingstone and biocontrol potential of predatory arthropods after mulching with sorghum trash and coconut leaflets and with shelter provisioning with pieces of clay pots and stones was studied in a cotton field experiment at the agricultural college farm , killikulam , south india . third and fourth nymphal instars of r . kumarii were released . there were fewer helicoverpa armigera hübner larvae in plots with mulched cotton trash than in control and other ( mulched and shelter provisioned ) plots . but mulching did not affect the number of adult mylabris pustulata thunberg . the flower and boll damage was significantly less in trash and leaflet mulch plots than in other shelter provisioned and control plots . the percentage of good quality cotton was also greater in mulch plots than in control plots . the yield of seed - cotton was also significantly greater in plots with trash mulches and coconut leaflet mulches than in control plots .
impact of cypermethrin on the functional response , predatory and mating behaviour of a non - target potential biological control agent acanthaspis pedestris ( stål ) ( het . , reduviidae )
the impact of the insecticide cypermethrin on the functional response , predatory behaviour and mating behaviour was studied in a non - target potential reduviid biological control agent acanthaspis pedestris ( stål ) . the intensity of abnormal behaviour increased as the concentration of cypermethrin was increased . the insecticide negatively affected the functional response events such as attack ratio , handling time and rate of discovery . cypermethrin also reduced the predatory efficiency and prolonged the mating events in a . pedestris . the type ii ( decelerating curve ) of functional response was altered into a type iv ( dome - shaped curve ) by cypermethrin .
influence of hunger level and prey density on searching behaviour of the reduviid predator rhynocoris marginatus ( fabricius ) ( het . , reduviidae )
mechanism underlying the searching behaviour of the predator rhynocoris marginatus in different levels of hunger and at different densities of its prey spodoptera litura was studied within an experimental arena . starved for 1 - day r . marginatus travelled 2 . 34 times longer distances than starved for 4 - day ones to find prey in the four prey density arenas . total distance travelled by r . marginatus at four s . litura density arenas was 0 . 4 times shorter than that in one density regime . searching speed of 4 - day hungry r . marginatus was 2 . 44 times greater than 1 - day hungry r . marginatus . r . marginatus at four s . litura density regimes searched at 2 . 43 times higher speeds than r . marginatus at one density regime . higher rates of turning were observed in 4 - day hungry r . marginatus than in 1 - day hungry r . marginatus . higher rates of turning of r . marginatus were recorded in one s . litura density regime than in four density regimes . one - day hungry r . marginatus turned 4 . 14 - fold greater degree mean angle than 4 - day hungry ones . at four s . litura density regime r . marginatus turned 0 . 34 - fold lesser angle than at one density regime .
suppression of helicoverpa armigera ( hubner ) , nezara viridula ( l . ) and riptortus clavatus thunberg infesting pigeon pea by the reduviid predator rhynocoris fuscipes ( fabricius ) in field cages .
influence of mulching and intercropping on the abundance of the reduviid predator , rhynocoris fuscipes ( f . )
suppression of cotton leafworm spodoptera litura , flower beetle mylabris pustulata and red cotton bug dysdercus cingulatus by rhynocoris marginatus ( fabr . ) ( het . , reduviidae ) in cotton field cages
mass - reared reduviid , rhynocoris marginatus was released in large - sized cotton field cages against three cotton pests , spodoptera litura , mylabris pustulata and dysdercus cingulatus . pest species were introduced into separate cages in the absence of other pests , parasitoids and predators . control experimental cages without r . marginatus were maintained for each prey set up during the evaluation period . r . marginatus greatly reduced the infestation of s . litura ( 57 . 5 % ) , m . pustulata ( 52 . 3 % ) and d . cingulatus ( 45 . 8 % ) . the leaves , flower and boll damages ( 32 % , 35 % and 28 % by s . litura , m . pustulata and d . cingulatus , respectively ) and seed - cotton yield loss ( 1 . 4 , 1 . 6 and 1 . 25 times in s . litura , m . pustulata and d . cingulatus infested cages , respectively ) were reduced by r . marginatus compared with such fields without r . marginatus . the field observations suggest this predator’s pest suppression and damage reduction efficacy .
a new species of the genus linshcosteus distant , 1904 ( hemiptera : reduviidae : triatominae ) is described from specimens collected near kalakkadu , tamil nadu state , southern india . specimens were found in deep crevices between rocks , in a region of semi - arid scrub jungle . the distinctiveness of the new species was demonstrated by a morphometric analysis including the five previously described species of linshcosteus , all from india . nine measurements of the head were used in an isometric size - free principal component analysis . in terms of discrete morphology the new species , linshcosteus karupus sp . n . galvão , patterson , rocha & jurberg differs from the most similar one , l . kali lent & wygodzinsky , 1979 , by its very prominent anterolateral projections of the pronotum , by the length to width ratio of the pronotum , by the pilosity of the head and several other characters , including phallic structures . a revised key is presented for the six species of the genus .
searching behaviour and functional response of rhynocoris longifrons ( stål ) ( heteroptera : reduviidae ) , a key predator of pod sucking bug , clavigrallagibbosa spinola .
prey stage preference of the predator , rhynocoris kumariiambrose and livingstone ( het . , reduviidae ) to three selected cotton insect pests
assassin bugs ( heteroptera : reduviidae ) in integrated pest management programme : success and strategies .
nutritional influence of prey on the biology and biochemistry in rhynocoris marginatus ( fabricius ) ( heteroptera : reduviidae ) .
insecticidal impact on the post‐embryonic development of rhynocoris kumarii ambrose and livingstone ( het . , reduviidae )
the impact of sublethal concentration of five insecticides namely monocrotophos , dimethoate , methylparathion , quinalphos and endosulfan on the post - embryonic developmental characteristics such as stadial period , body weight , fecundity and longevity of rhynocoris kumarii was studied . all of the insecticides except endosulfan increased stadial period , decreased body weight , fecundity and longevity .
impact of antennectomy , eye blinding and tibial comb coating on the predatory behaviour of rhynocoris kumarii ambrose and livingstone ( het . , reduviidae ) on spodoptera litura fabr . ( lep . , noctuidae )
the predaceous reduviid rhynocoris kumarii uses its antennae , eyes and tibial comb to predate tobacco cutworm spodoptera litura ( fabr ) . a delayed arousal response was observed in the antennectomized , eye blinded and tibial comb - coated predators . the predators whose entire antennae had been removed showed significant delayed approach but the approach response was not affected significantly in the blinded and tibial comb - coated reduviid predators . capturing response was significantly affected in pedicel and entire antennae - removed predators , and blinded and tibial comb - coated predators . antennectomy , eye blinding and tibial comb coating did not cause any impact in the act of paralysing the prey . progressive reduction in sucking duration and the number of sucking sites were observed as a function of sequential segment - wise removal of antennae . a reduction in the sucking duration and number of sucking sites were also observed in blinded and tibial comb coated predators .
sign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .
have a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .
simply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .
this page was last modified on 29 march 2013 , at 08 : 33 .
this article ' s content derived from wikipedia , the free encyclopedia ( see original source ) .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more


nannogomphus is an extinct genus of fossil odonates belonging to the family gomphidae .

these fast-moving volant carnivore-insectivores lived during the jurassic period in germany , from 150.8 to 145.5 ma .

nannogomphus

odonata , anisoptera , libelluloidea , gomphidae , fossil , upper jurassic , germany , nannogomphus , rediscription , phylogeny .
nannogomphus gracilis : its type locality is solnhofen ( bspgm munich coll ) , which is in a tithonian lagoonal / restricted shallow subtidal lime mudstone in the solnhofen formation of germany .
bechly , g ( 2003 ) description of a new species of nannogomphus ( insecta : odonata : nannogomphidae ) from the upper jurassic solnhofen limestone in germany . stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . 339 : 1 - 6 .
bechly , g . 2003 . description of a new species of nannogomphus ( insecta : odonata : nannogomphidae ) from the upper jurassic solnhofen limestone in germany . stuttg . beitr . naturk . ( b ) 339 : 1 - 6 .
bechly , g . ( 2003c ) : description of a new species of nannogomphus ( insecta : odonata : nannogomphidae ) from the upper jurassic solnhofen limestone in germany . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 339 : 1 - 6 . [ pdf ]
nannogomphus bavaricus : nhmw 1985 / 3 / 1 ( 1898 / 7 / 11 ) , a wing . its type locality is eichstätt , solnhofen ( naturhistorischen museum wien collection ) , which is in a tithonian lagoonal / restricted shallow subtidal lime mudstone in the solnhofen formation of germany .
bechly , g . , nel , a . & martínez - delclòs , x . ( 1996 ) redescription of nannogomphus bavaricus handlirsch , 1906 - 1908 from the upper jurassic of germany , with an analysis of its phylogenetic position ( odonata : anisoptera : gomphidae or libelluloidea ) . archaeopteryx 14 ( 1996 ) : 51 - 66
bechly , g . , nel , a . & martínez - delclòs , x . ( 1996 ) : redescription of nannogomphus bavaricus handlirsch , 1906 - 1908 from the upper jurassic of germany , with an analysis of its phylogenetic position ( odonata : anisoptera : gomphidae or libelluloidea ) . - archaeopteryx , 14 ( 1996 ) : 51 - 66 ( with german translation ) . [ pdf ]
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
javascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .
' s large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world . the two websites and their predecessors have been used by professional researchers , students , and the public since 1998 . the fossilworks copy is refreshed daily . the data are owned by the contributors and the website and software were created by
the paleodb maintains a list of official publications . researchers ask to add entries to the list when they have used the site to download data or conduct analyses . large projects that involve documenting the taxonomic classification of an entire group are called online systematics archives .
full reference : a . handlirsch . 1906 . die fossilen insekten und die phylogenie der rezenten formen , parts i - iv . ein handbuch fur palaontologen und zoologen 1 - 640
average measurements ( in mm ) : forewing 24 . 3 x 6 . 4
full reference : h . hagen . 1848 . die fossilen libellen europa ' s . entomologische zeitung 9 : 6 - 13
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en
except where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .
this list is not exhaustative , and is based on the collections of the jura museum , eichstätt and the maxberg museum , solnhofen .
bechly , g . ( 1993a ) : fossil odonates in dominican and baltic amber . - argia , 5 ( 1 ) : 13 - 15 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 1993b ) : a brief report of an ongoing cladistic study on the phylogenetic relationships of the fossil and extant odonate family group taxa . - petalura , 1 : 19 - 20 .
bechly , g . ( 1993c ) : review of : carpenter , f . ( 1992 ) : treatise on invertebrate paleontology . part r . arthropoda . vol . 4 ( 3 ) and 4 ( 4 ) . superclass hexapoda . - petalura , 1 : 23 - 25 .
bechly , g . ( 1993d ) : review of : nel , a . et al . ( 1993 ) : les
anisozygoptera
fossiles - phylogénie et classification ( odonata ) . - petalura , 1 : 25 - 28 .
bechly , g . ( 1994 ) : morphologische untersuchungen am flügelgeäder der rezenten libellen und deren stammgruppenvertreter ( insecta ; pterygota ; odonata ) unter besonderer berücksichtigung der phylogenetischen systematik und des grundplanes der * odonata [ morphological analysis of the wing venation of extant dragonflies and their stemgroup representatives ( insecta ; pterygota ; odonata ) with special reference to phylogenetic systematics and the groundplan of crowngroup odonata ] . - unpubl . diploma thesis , eberhard - karls - universität tübingen ; 341 pp . , 3 tabls , 111 figs .
bechly , g . ( 1995 ) : morphologische untersuchungen am flügelgeäder der rezenten libellen und deren stammgruppenvertreter ( insecta ; pterygota ; odonata ) unter besonderer berücksichtigung der phylogenetischen systematik und des grundplanes der * odonata [ morphological analysis of the wing venation of extant dragonflies and their stemgroup representatives ( insecta ; pterygota ; odonata ) with special reference to phylogenetic systematics and the groundplan of crowngroup odonata ] . - petalura , special - volume 1 : 341 pp . , 3 tabls , 111 figs ( publication of diploma thesis ) . [ pdf 116 mb ]
bechly , g . ( 1996a ) : morphologische untersuchungen am flügelgeäder der rezenten libellen und deren stammgruppenvertreter ( insecta ; pterygota ; odonata ) unter besonderer berücksichtigung der phylogenetischen systematik und des grundplanes der * odonata . - petalura , spec . vol . 2 : 402 pp , 3 tabls , 111 figs ( revised edition with 60 pages english appendix on the phylogenetic system of odonates ) .
bechly , g . ( 1996b ) : fossil odonates in tertiary amber . - petalura , 2 [ electronical journal on the internet , pdf ] .
bechly , g . ( 1996c ) : review of : santana 1 . 0 ( 1996 ) : cd - rom by digital - fossil . - petalura , 2 [ electronical journal on the internet ] .
bechly , g . ( 1996d ) : review of : biologie und ökologie der insekten ( 1996 ) : cd - rom by gustav fischer verlag . - petalura , 2 [ electronical journal on the internet ] .
bechly , g . ( 1997a ) : zur geschichte und aktuellen entwicklungen in der großgruppen - systematik der libellen . - 16 . jahrestagung der gesellschaft deutschsprachiger odonatologen , 14 . - 16 . märz 1997 nürnberg , tagungsband .
bechly , g . ( 1997b ) : die libellen ( und einige andere fossile insekten ) aus der unterkreide von brasilien ( santana ) . - 4 . fachgespräch
fossile insekten
, clausthal - zellerfeld , 28 - 29 juni 1997 , abstracts .
bechly , g . ( 1997c ) : a glossary of phylogenetic systematics with a critic of mainstream cladism . - inclusion wrostek , 26 : 20 - 22 , 23 - 24
bechly , g . ( 1997d ) : dragonflies from the lower cretaceous of brazil . - inclusion wrostek , 27 : 9 .
bechly , g . ( 1997e ) : dragonflies from the lower cretaceous of brazil . - meganeura , 1 : 27 - 28 . [ rtf ]
bechly , g . ( 1997f ) : exhibition in germany : lower cretaceous santana formation . - meganeura , 1 : 22 - 23 . [ rtf ]
bechly , g . ( 1997g ) : palaeoentomological / entomological association web sites . - meganeura , 1 : 19 .
bechly , g . ( 1997h ) : new cd - rom . - meganeura , 1 : 18 . [ rtf ]
bechly , g . ( 1997i ) : new fossil odonates from the upper triassic of italy , with a redescription of italophlebia gervasuttii whalley , and a reclassification of triassic dragonflies ( insecta : odonata ) . - riv . mus . civ . sc . nat .
e . caffi
bergamo , 19 : 31 - 70 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 1998 anonymous ) : ein hauch von unsterblichkeit - namenspatenschaften für santana - insekten . - fossilien , 1 / 98 : 3 [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 1998a ) : santana - die schatzkammer fossiler insekten aus der unterkreide brasiliens . - fossilien , 2 / 98 : 95 - 99 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 1998b ) : santana - forschungsgeschichte und fauna . - fossilien , 3 / 98 : 148 - 156 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 1998c ) : [ santana - eldorado of mesozoischer fossils ] . - taipei ' 98 natural history show , ( catalogue ) 1998 : 148 - 156 [ in chinese ] . [ pdf ( with english translation appended ) ]
bechly , g . ( 1998d ) : new fossil dragonflies from the lower cretaceous santana formation of north - east brazil ( insecta : odonata ) . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b , 264 : 66 pp . , 1 tab . , 39 figs . [ pdf 27 . 5 mb ]
bechly , g . ( 1998e ) : new fossil damselflies from baltic amber , with description of a new species , a redescription of litheuphaea carpenteri fraser , and a discussion on the phylogeny of epallagidae ( zygoptera : caloptera ) . - int . j . odonatol . ( pantala ) , 1 ( 1 ) : 33 - 63 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 1998f ) : a revision of the fossil dragonfly genus urogomphus , with description of a new species ( insecta : odonata : pananisoptera : aeschnidiidae ) . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b , 270 : 47 pp . , 34 figs . [ pdf 20 . 8 mb ]
bechly , g . ( 1998g ) : juracordulia schiemenzi gen . et . sp . nov . , eine neue libelle aus den solnhofener plattenkalken ( insecta : odonata : anisoptera ) . - archaeopteryx , 16 : 29 - 36 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 1999a , submitted 1998 ) : phylogeny and systematics of fossil dragonflies ( insecta : odonatoptera ) with special reference to some mesozoic outcrops . - ph . d . thesis , eberhard - karls - universität tübingen ; x + 755 pp . , 4 tabs , 143 textfigs , 70 pls .
bechly , g . ( 1999b ) : epallagidae versus euphaeidae revisited . - int . j . odonatol . , 2 ( 2 ) : 137 - 139 . [ pdf ( incl . discussions by dumont and trueman ]
bechly , g . ( 2000a ) : theses in palaeoentomology and entomology - bechly , g . 1999 . - meganeura , 5 [ electronical newsletter on the internet ] .
bechly , g . ( 2000b ) : two new fossil dragonfly species ( insecta : odonata : pananisoptera : aeschnidiidae and aktassiidae ) from the solnhofen lithographic limestones ( upper jurassic of germany ) . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 288 : 1 - 9 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2000c ) : mainstream cladistics versus hennigian phylogenetic systematics . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . a . , 613 : 1 - 11 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2000d ) : [ book review ] w . weitschat , w . wichard . atlas der pflanzen und tiere im baltischen bernstein . - naturwiss . rdsch . , 53 ( 11 ) : 593 - 594 .
bechly , g . ( 2000e ) : two new fossil dragonfly species ( insecta : odonata : anisoptera : araripegomphidae and lindeniidae ) from the crato limestone ( lower cretaceous , brazil ) . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 296 : 1 - 16 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2000f ) : a new fossil damselfly species ( insecta : odonata : zygoptera : coenagrionidae : ischnurinae ) from dominican amber . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 299 : 1 - 9 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2001a ) : a new species of cymatophlebia ( insecta : odonata : anisoptera : cymatophlebiidae ) from the solnhofen lithographic limestone ( upper jurassic , germany ) . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 301 : 1 - 5 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2001b ) : [ book review ] g . und b . krumbiegel : faszination bernstein . kleinod aus der wunderkammer der natur . - naturwiss . rdsch . , 54 ( 9 ) nr . 639 : 497 - 498 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2002 anonymous ) : die evolution der insekten . - fossilien , 4 / 02 : 202 - 203 [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2003a ) : trilobiten - cheliceraten - insekten . - pp . 208 - 219 , 221 - 225 , and 241 - 247 in : urlichs , m . & ziegler , b . : farbatlas fossilien . - ulmer , stuttgart . [ amazon ]
bechly , g . ( 2003b ) : [ book review ] e . geirnaert : l ' ambre miel de fortune et mémoire de vie . - fossilien , 3 / 03 : 140 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2003d ) : the phylogenetic relationships of the three extant suborders of odonata . - ent . abh . , 61 ( 2 ) : 127 - 128 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2003e ) : odonatology website [ offline version 2002 ] . in : schorr , m . & lindeboom , m . ( eds ) ( 2003 ) : dragonfly research 1 . 2003 . zerf - tübingen ( issn 1438 - 034x ) ( cd - rom ) .
bechly , g . ( 2004a ) : evolution and systematics . - pp . 7 - 16 in : hutchins , m . , evans , a . v . , garrison , r . w . & schlager , n . ( eds ) : grzimek ' s animal life encyclopedia . 2nd edition . volume 3 , insects . 472 pp . - gale group , farmington hills , mi . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2004b ) : news - abstracts of the 7th annual congress of the gesellschaft für biologische systematik ( gfbs , society for biological systematics ) . - org . divers . & evol . 4 : 365 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( ed . ) ( 2004c ) : abstracts of the 7th annual congress of the gfbs ( society for biological systematics ) . - org . divers . & evol . 4 , electr . suppl . 6 : 1 - 117 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2005a ) : a re - description of
stenophlebia
casta ( insecta : odonata : parastenophlebiidae n . fam ) from the upper jurassic solnhofen limestone in germany . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b , 359 : 1 - 12 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2005b ) : a new fossil dragonfly ( anisoptera : corduliidae ) from the paleocene fur formation ( mo clay ) of denmark . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b , 358 : 1 - 7 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . et al . ( 2005 ) : poster and abstract
multidisciplinary paleontological research at the late miocene ( mn9 ) locality of höwenegg ( baden - württemberg )
for the paläontologische gesellschaft meeting ( graz , aug . 2005 ) and rcmns meeting ( vienna , 2005 ) .
bechly , g . ( 2006a ) : [ book review ] jörg wunderlich - fossil spiders in amber and copal - fossile spinnen in bernstein und kopal . - naturwiss . rdsch . , 59 / 12 : 692 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2006b ) : new results about the arthropod fauna from the lower cretaceous crato formation of brazil . - geological society of america abstracts with programs , 38 / 7 : 381 . [ abstract , pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2007a ) : [ book review ] günther theischinger & john hawking ( 2006 ) : the complete field guide to dragonflies of australia . - aquatic insects , 29 ( 1 ) : 75 - 76 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2007b ) : [ book review ] rosser w . garrison , natalia von ellenrieder & jerry a . louton ( 2006 ) : dragonfly genera of the new world . - aquatic insects , 29 ( 1 ) : 72 - 75 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2007c ) : new fossil odonata from the lower cretaceous crato formation of brazil . - 5th international symposium of odonatology , 16 - 20 april 2007 , swakopmund , abstracts : 6 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2007d ) : insects of the crato formation . chapter 11 . 1 introduction . - pp 142 - 149 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2007e ) : chapter 11 . 5 odonata : damselflies and dragonflies . - pp 184 - 222 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2007f ) : chapter 11 . 8
blattaria
: cockroaches and roachoids . - pp . 239 - 249 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2007g ) : chapter 11 . 9 isoptera : termites . - pp . 249 - 262 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2007h ) : chapter 11 . 10 chresmododea : fossil
water striders
. - pp . 262 - 265 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2007i ) : chapter 11 . 19 mecoptera : scorpionflies . - pp . 365 - 369 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2007j ) : chapter 11 . 21 trichoptera and lepidoptera : caddisflies and butterflies . - pp . 387 - 393 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2009 ) : der neue baum des lebens . - pp . 148 - 171 in : schmid , u . & bechly , g . ( eds ) : evolution - der fluss des lebens . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . c . , 66 / 67 : 1 - 192 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2010a ) : fossile insekten aus den plattenkalken der crato - formation . - messekatalog mineralientage münchen , 2010 : 105 - 111 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2010b ) : additions to the fossil dragonfly fauna of the lower cretaceous crato formation of brazil ( insecta : odonata ) . - palaeodiversity , 3 ( supplement
contributions to the willi - hennig - symposium on phylogenetics and evolution , university of hohenheim , 29 september - 2 october 2009
) : 11 - 77 . [ pdf ; highres pdf 126 mb ]
bechly , g . ( 2012a ) : [ book review ] wasserinsekten im baltischen bernstein . - fossilien , 1 / 12 : 124 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2012b ) : an interesting new fossil relict damselfly ( odonata : zygoptera : coenagrionoidea ) from eocene baltic amber . - palaeodiversity , 5 : 51 - 55 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2013a ) : the relevance of palaeontological data for understanding the age and origin of extant odonates . - ico 2013 book of abstracts , 2013 : 14 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2013b ) : [ book review ] max j . kobbert
wunderwelt bernstein - faszinierende fossilien in 3 - d
. - naturwissenschaftliche rundschau , 8 / 13 ( nr . 782 ) : 428 - 429 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2015a ) : [ chapter ] insekten ( hexapoda ) . - pp . 239 - 270 in : arratia , g . , schultze , h . p . , tischlinger , h . & viohl , g . ( eds ) : solnhofen - ein fenster in die jurazeit . 2 vols . 620 pp . , 996 color figs , 97 b + w figs , 5 tbls . - pfeil verlag , munich . [ webpage ]
bechly , g . ( 2015b ) : [ chapter ] eichelwürmer ( hemichordata : enteropneusta ) . - p . 324 in : arratia , g . , schultze , h . p . , tischlinger , h . & viohl , g . ( eds ) : solnhofen - ein fenster in die jurazeit . 2 vols . 620 pp . , 996 color figs , 97 b + w figs , 5 tbls . - pfeil verlag , munich . [ webpage , pdf excerpt with title , contents , and all cited literature ]
bechly , g . ( 2015c ) : fossile libellennachweise aus deutschland ( odonatoptera ) . - in : brockhaus , t . et al . ( 2015 ) : atlas der libellen deutschlands ( odonata ) . - libellula supplement , 14 : 423 - 464 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . ( 2018a ) : chrismooreia michaelbehei gen . et sp . nov . ( insecta : odonata : asiopteridae ) , a new fossil damsel - dragonfly from the early jurassic of england . - bio - complexity 2018 ( 1 ) : 1 - 10 ( doi : 10 . 5048 / bio - c . 2018 . 1 ) . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . , dietl , g . & schweigert , g . ( 2003 ) : a new species of stenophlebia ( insecta : odonata : stenophlebiidae ) from the nusplingen lithographic limestone ( upper jurassic , sw germany ) . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 338 : 1 - 10 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . & frickhinger , k . a . ( 1999 ) : kragentiere eichelwürmer . pp . 76 - 79 in : frickhinger , k . a . ( 1999 ) : die fossilien von solnhofen . - goldschneck , korb . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . & kin , a . ( 2013 ) : first record of the fossil dragonfly family eumorbaeschnidae ( insecta : odonata : anisoptera ) from the upper jurassic of poland . - acta palaeontologica polonica , 58 ( 1 ) : 121 - 124 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . & makarkin , v . ( 2015 ) : a new giantic lacewing species ( insecta : neuroptera ) from the lower cretaceous of brazil confirms the occurrence of kalligrammatidae in the new world . - cretaceous research , 58 ( online 2015 , print 2016 ) : 135 - 140 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . & poinar , g . jr . ( 2013 ) : burmaphlebia reifi gen . et sp . nov . , the first anisozygopteran damsel - dragonfly ( odonata : epiophlebioptera : burmaphlebiidae fam . nov . ) from early cretaceous burmese amber . - historical biology , 25 ( 2 ) : 233 - 237 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . & sach , v . ( 2002 ) : an interesting new fossil dragonfly ( anisoptera : libellulidae : brachydiplacini ) from the miocene of germany , with a discussion on the phylogeny of tetrathemistinae and a fossil list for the locality heggbach . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 325 : 1 - 11 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . & schweigert , g . ( 2000 ) : the first fossil hanging flies ( insecta : mecoptera : raptipedia : cimbrophlebiidae and bittacidae ) from the limestones of solnhofen and nusplingen ( upper jurassic of germany ) . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 287 : 1 - 18 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . & stockar , r . ( 2011 ) : the first mesozoic record of the extinct apterygote insect genus dasyleptus ( insecta : archaeognatha : monura : dasyleptidae ) from the triassic of monte san giorgio ( switzerland ) . - palaeodiversity , 4 : 23 - 37 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . & szwedo , j . ( 2007 ) : chapter 11 . 14 coleorrhyncha : moss bugs . - pp . 313 - 317 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . & ueda , k . ( 2002 ) : the first fossil record and first new world record for the dragonfly clade chlorogomphida ( insecta : odonata : anisoptera : araripechlorogomphidae n . fam . ) from the crato limestone ( lower cretaceous , brazil ) . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 328 : 1 - 11 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . & wichard , w . ( 2008 ) : damselfly and dragonfly nymphs in eocene baltic amber ( insecta : odonata ) , with aspects of their palaeobiology . - palaeodiversity , 1 : 37 - 74 . [ pdf 32 . 4 mb ]
bechly , g . & wittmann , m . ( 2000 ) : two new tropical bugs ( insecta : heteroptera : thaumastocoridae - xylastodorinae and hypsipterygidae ) from baltic amber . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 289 : 1 - 11 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . & wolf - schwenninger , k . ( 2011 ) : a new fossil genus and species of snakefly ( raphidioptera : mesoraphidiidae ) from lower cretaceous lebanon amber , with a discussion on snakefly phylogeny and fossil history . - insect systematics & evolution , 42 ( 2 ) : 221 - 236 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . , haas , f . , schawaller , w . , schmalfuss , h . & schmid , u . ( 2001 ) : ur - geziefer - die faszinierende evolution der insekten . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . c , 49 : 96 pp . , 81 figs . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . , brauckmann , c . , zessin , w . & gröning , e . ( 2001 ) : new results concerning the morphology of the most ancient dragonflies ( insecta : odonatoptera ) from the namurian of hagen - vorhalle ( germany ) . - j . zool . syst . evol . res . , 39 ( 2001 ) : 209 - 226 . [ pdf ]
bechly , g . , nel , a . , martínez - delclòs , x . , jarzembowski , e . a . , coram , r . , martill , d . , fleck , g . , escuillié , f . , wisshak , m . m . & maisch , m . ( 2001 ) : a revision and phylogenetic study of mesozoic aeshnoptera , with description of several new families , genera and species ( insecta : odonata : anisoptera ) . - n . paläont . abh . , 4 : 219 pp . , 137 text - figs , 48 pls . [ pdf 62 . 5 mb ]
bechly , g . , nel , a . , martínez - delclòs , x . & fleck , g . ( 1998 ) : four new dragonfly species from the upper jurassic of germany and the lower cretaceous of mongolia ( anisoptera : hemeroscopidae , sonidae , and proterogomphidae fam . nov . ) . - odonatologica , 27 ( 2 ) : 149 - 187 . [ pdf ]
caterino , m . s . , wolf - schwenninger , k . & bechly , g . ( 2015 ) : cretonthophilus tuberculatus , a remarkable new genus and species of hister beetle ( coleoptera : histeridae ) from cretaceous burmese amber . - zootaxa , 4052 ( 2 ) : 241 - 245 .
dijkstra , k . - d . b . , bechly , g . bybee , s . n . , dow , r . a . , dumont , h . j . , fleck , g . , garrison , r . w . , hämäläinen , m . , kalkman , v . j . , karube , h . , may , m . l . , orr , a . g . , paulson , d . , rehn , a . c . , theischinger , g . , trueman , j . w . h . , tol , j . v . , von ellenrieder , n . & ware , j . ( 2013 ) : the classification of dragonflies and damselflies ( odonata ) . - zootaxa , 3703 ( 1 ) : 036 - 045 . [ pdf ]
delclòs , x . , nel , a . , azar , d . , bechly , g . , dunlop , j . a . , engel , m . s . & heads , s . ( 2008 ) : the enigmatic mesozoic insect taxon chresmodidae ( polyneoptera ) : new palaeobiological and phylogenetic data , with the description of a new species from the lower cretaceous of brazil . - neues jahrbuch für geologie und paläontologie - abhandlungen , 247 ( 3 ) : 353 - 381 . [ pdf ]
dunlop , j . a . & bechly , g . ( 2015 ) : [ chapter ] kieferklauenträger ( chelicerata ) . - pp . 292 - 298 in : arratia , g . , schultze , h . p . , tischlinger , h . & viohl , g . ( eds ) : solnhofen - ein fenster in die jurazeit . 2 vols . 620 pp . , 996 color figs , 97 b + w figs , 5 tbls . - pfeil verlag , munich . [ webpage ]
dunlop , j . a . , bird , t . l . , brookhart , j . o . & bechly , g . ( 2015 ) : a camel spider from cretaceous burmese amber . - cretaceous research . 56 : 265 - 273 . [ pdf ]
fet , v . & bechly , g . ( 2000 ) : case 3120 . ischnurainae fraser , 1957 ( insecta , odonata ) : proposed conservation as the correct spelling of ischnurinae to remove homonymy with ischnuridae simon , 1879 ( arachnida , scorpiones ) . - bulletin of zoological nomenclature , 57 ( 1 ) : 26 - 28 . [ pdf and opinion 2037 ]
fet , v . & bechly , g . ( 2001 ) : case 3120a - liochelidae , fam . nov . ( scorpiones ) : proposed introduction as a substitute name for ischnuridae simon , 1879 , as an alternative to the suggested emendment of ischnurinae fraser , 1957 ( insecta , odonata ) to ischnurainae in order to remove homonymy . - bulletin of zoological nomenclature , 58 ( 4 ) : 280 - 281 . [ pdf and opinion 2037 ]
fleck , g . , bechly , g . , martínez - delclòs , x . , jarzembowski , e . a . , coram , r . & nel , a . ( 2003 ) : phylogeny and classification of the stenophlebioptera ( odonata : epiproctophora ) . - annales de la société entomologique de france , n . s . 39 ( 1 ) : 55 - 93 . [ pdf ]
fleck , g . , bechly , g . , martínez - delclòs , x . , jarzembowski , e . & nel , a . ( 2004 ) : a revision of the upper jurassic - lower cretaceous dragonfly family tarsophlebiidae , with a discussion on the phylogenetic positions of the tarsophlebiidae and sieblosiidae ( insecta , odonatoptera , panodonata ) . - geodiversitas , 26 ( 1 ) : 33 - 60 . [ pdf ]
fleck , g . , nel , a . , bechly , g . & escuillié , f . ( 2002 ) : the larvae of the mesozoic family aeschnidiidae and their phylogenetic implications ( insecta , odonata , anisoptera ) . - palaeontology , 45 ( 1 ) : 165 - 184 . [ pdf ]
fleck , g . , nel , a . , bechly , g . & martínez - delclòs , x . ( 2001 ) : revision and phylogenetic affinities of the jurassic steleopteridae handlirsch , 1906 ( odonata : zygoptera ) . - insect systematics & evolution , 32 : 285 - 305 . [ pdf ]
fleck , g . , nel , a . , bechly , g . , delclòs , x . , jarzembowski , e . a . & coram , r . ( 2008 ) : new lower cretaceous ' libelluloid ' dragonflies ( insecta : odonata : cavilabiata ) with notes about estimated divergence dates for this group . - palaeodiversity , 1 : 19 - 36 . [ pdf ]
greenwalt , d . e . & bechly , g . ( 2014 ) : a re - description of the fossil damselfly eolestes syntheticus cockerell , 1940 ( odonata : zygoptera : eolestidae n . fam . ) with description of new taxa from the eocene of north america . - zootaxa , 3887 ( 2 ) : 138 - 156 . [ pdf ]
huang , d . , azar , d . , cai , c . , maksoud , s . , nel , a . , bechly , g . ( 2017 ) : mesomegaloprepidae , a remarkable new damselfly family ( hexapoda : odonata : zygoptera ) from mid - cretaceous burmese amber . - cretaceous research , 73 : 1 - 13 . [ pdf ]
huang , d . , bechly , g . , nel , p . , engel , m . s . , prokop , j . , azar , d . , cai , c . - y . , van de kamp , t . , staniczek , a . , garrouste , r . , krogmann , l . , dos santos rolo , t . , baumbach , t . , ohlhoff , r . , shmakov , a . , bourgoin , t . & nel , a . ( 2016 ) : new fossil insect order permopsocida elucidates major radiation and evolution of suction feeding in hemimetabolous insects ( hexapoda : acercaria ) . - scientific reports
huang , d . , cai , c . , nel , a . & bechly , g . ( 2017 ) : a new dragonfly family from the mid cretaceous burmese amber ( odonata : aeshnoptera : burmaeshnidae ) . - cretaceous research , 78 : 8 - 12 . [ pdf ]
huguet , a . , nel , a . , martínez - delclòs , x . , bechly , g . & martins - neto , r . ( 2002 ) : preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the protanisoptera ( insecta : odonatoptera ) [ essai d ' analyse phylogénétique des protanisoptera ( insecta : odonatoptera ) ] . - geobios , 35 : 537 - 560 . [ pdf ]
jarzembowski , e . a . , martínez - delclòs , x . , bechly , g . , nel , a . , coram , r . & escuillé , f . ( 1998 ) : the mesozoic non - calopterygoid zygoptera : descriptions of new genera and species from the lower cretaceous of england and brazil and their phylogenetic significance ( odonata , zygoptera , coenagrionoidea , hemiphlebioidea , lestoidea ) . - cretaceous research , 19 : 403 - 444 . [ pdf ]
jattiot , r . , bechly , g . , garrouste , r . & nel , a . ( 2012 ) : an enigmatic nepoidea from the lower cretaceous of brazil ( hemiptera : heteroptera ) . - cretaceous research , 34 : 344 - 347 . [ pdf ] .
kaur kohli , m . , ware , j . l . & bechly , g .
( 2016 ) : how to date a dragonfly : fossil calibrations for odonates . -
( 2013 , ifirst 2012 ) : lower cretaceous origin of long - distance mate finding behaviour in hymenoptera ( insecta ) . -
martill , d . m . & bechly , g . ( 2007 ) : chapter 1 introduction . - pp 3 - 7 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & heads , s . w . ( 2007 ) : appendix : species list for the crato formation . - pp . 582 - 607 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . , 80 line diagrams 100 half - tones and 32 colour plates - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [
martins - neto , r . g . , heads , s . & bechly , g . ( 2007 ) : chapter 11 . 16 neuropterida : snakeflies , dobsonflies and lacewings . - pp . 328 - 340 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
maxwell , e . , alexander , s . , bechly , g . , eck , k . , frey , e . , grimm , k . , kovar - eder , j . , mayr , g . , micklich , n . , rasser , m . , rodrigo , b . s . , roth - nebelsick , a . , schoch , r . , schweigert , g . , stinnesbeck , w . , wolf - schwenninger , k . & ziegler , r . ( 2016 ) : the rauenberg fossil lagerstätte ( baden - württemberg , germany ) : a window into early oligocene marine and coastal ecosystems of central europe . - palaeogeography , palaeoclimatology , palaeoecology , 463 : 238 - 260 . [ pdf ]
möstel , c . , schorr , m . & bechly , g . ( 2017 ) : a new stem - coenagrionoid genus of damselflies ( odonata : zygoptera ) from mid - cretaceous burmese amber . - zootaxa , 4243 ( 1 ) : 177 - 186 . [ pdf ]
nel , a . & bechly , g . ( 2009 ) : the third petalurid dragonfly from the lower cretaceous of brazil ( odonata : cretapetaluridae ) . - annales zoologici , 59 ( 3 ) : 281 - 285 . [ pdf ]
nel , a . , bechly , g . , garrouste , r . , pohl , b . & escuillié , f . ( 2005 ) : a new extraordinary neuropterid family from the lower cretaceous crato formation of brazil : a new insect order ? ( insecta , neuropterida ) . - cretaceous research , 26 : 845 - 852 . [ pdf ]
nel , a . , bechly , g . , jarzembowski , e . & martínez - delclòs , x . ( 1998 ) : a revision of the fossil petalurid dragonflies ( insecta : odonata : anisoptera : petalurida ) . - paleontologia lombarda , n . s . , 10 : 68 pp . , 2 tabs , 59 figs . [ pdf ]
nel , a . , bechly , g . & martínez - delclòs , x . ( 1996 ) : a new genus and species of aeschnidiidae ( insecta : odonata : anisoptera ) from the solnhofen limestone , upper jurassic , germany . - senckenbergiana lethaea , 76 ( 1 / 2 ) : 175 - 179 . [ pdf ]
nel , a . , bechly , g . & martínez - delclòs , x . ( 2001 ) : a new fossil dragonfly from the upper jurassic in germany ( odonata : anisoptera : protolindeniidae ) . - revue francaise d ' entomologie , 23 ( 4 ) : 257 - 261 . [ pdf ]
nel , a . , bechly , g . , martínez - delclòs , x . & fleck , g . ( 2001 ) : a new family of anisoptera from the upper jurassic of karatau in kazakhstan ( insecta : odonata : juragomphidae n . fam . ) . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 314 : 1 - 9 . [ pdf ]
nel , a . & bechly , g . & delclòs , x . & huang , d . - y . ( 2009 ) : new and poorly known mesozoic damsel - dragonflies ( odonata : isophlebioidea : campterophlebiidae , isophlebiidae ) . - palaeodiversity , 2 : 209 - 232 [ pdf ]
nel , a . , bethoux , o . , bechly , g . , martínez - delclòs , x . & papier , f . ( 2001 ) : the permo - triassic odonatoptera of the
protodonate
grade ( insecta : odonatoptera ) . - annales de la société entomologique de france , ( n . s . ) 37 ( 4 ) : 501 - 525 . [ pdf ]
nel , a . , garrouste , r . , bechly , g . , pohl , b . & escuillié , f . ( 2006 ) : rafaeliana , a replacement generic name for rafaelia nel et al , 2005 ( neuropterida ) . - bulletin de la société entomologique de france , 111 ( 2 ) : 190 . [ pdf ]
nel , a . , bechly , g . , prokop , j . , béthoux , o . & fleck , g . ( 2012 ) : systematics and evolution of palaeozoic and mesozoic damselfly - like odonatoptera of the
protozygopteran
grade . - journal of paleontology , 86 ( 1 ) : 81 - 104 . [ pdf 21 . 7 mb ] .
olmi , m . & bechly , g . ( 2001 ) : new parasitic wasps from baltic amber ( insecta : hymenoptera : dryinidae ) . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 306 : 1 - 58 . [ pdf ]
petrulevicius , j . f . , nel , a . , rust , j . , bechly , g . & kohls , d . ( 2007 ) : new paleogene epallagidae ( insecta : odonata ) recorded in north america and europe . biogeographic implications . - alavesia , 1 : 15 - 25 . [ pdf ]
pinkert , s . , bechly , g . & nel , a . ( 2017 ) : first record of hawker dragonflies from eocene baltic amber ( odonata : anisoptera : gomphaeschnidae ) . - zootaxa , 4272 ( 2 ) : 263 - 275 . [ pdf ]
poinar , g . jr . , bechly , g . & buckley , r . ( 2010 ) : first record of odonata and a new subfamily of damselflies from early cretaceous burmese amber . - palaeodiversity , 3 : 15 - 22 . [ pdf ]
popov , y . a . & bechly , g . ( 2007 ) : chapter 11 . 15 heteroptera : bugs . - pp . 317 - 328 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
probst , e . feat . bechly , g . ( 2011 ) : wer war der stammvater der insekten ? interview mit dem stuttgarter biologen und paläontologen dr . günter bechly . - grin verlag , münchen : 107 pp . [ webpage ]
rasser , m . w . , bechly , g . böttcher , r . , ebner , m . , heizmann , e . p . j . , höltke , o . , joachim , c . , kern , a . , kovar - eder , j . , nebelsick , j . h . , roth - nebelsick , a . , schoch , r . r . , schweigert , g . & ziegler , r . ( 2013 ) : the randeck maar : palaeoenvironment and habitat differentiation of a miocene lacustrine system . - palaeogeography , palaeoclimatology , palaeoecology , 392 : 426 - 453 . [ pdf
rasser , m . w . , bechly , g . , böttcher , r . , ebner , m . , heizmann , e . p . j . , höltke , o . , joachim , c . , kern , a . k . , kovar - eder , j . , nebelsick , j . h . , roth - nebelsick , a . , schoch , r . r . , schweigert , g . & ziegler , r . ( 2014 ) : lebensraum randecker maar : ein fenster in das mittelmiozäne klimaoptimum . - jahreshefte der gesellschaft für naturkunde in württemberg , 171 : 231 - 236 , 4 pls .
schädel , m . & bechly , g . ( 2016 ) : first record of anisoptera ( insecta : odonata ) from mid - cretaceous burmese amber . - zootaxa , 4103 ( 6 ) : 537 - 549 . [ pdf ]
schmid , u . & bechly , g . ( 2009 ) ( eds ) : evolution - der fluss des lebens . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . c . , 66 / 67 : 197 pp . ( second revised edition published 2010 ) [ pdf ( reduced quality ) , review in spektrum der wissenschaft ]
schweigert , g . & bechly , g . ( 2001 ) : bibliographie zur geologie und paläontologie des randecker maars ( unter - miozän , südwestdeutschland ) 1825 - 2000 . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 302 : 1 - 12 . [ pdf ]
schwermann , a . h . , dos santos rolo , t . , caterino , m . s . , bechly , g . , schmied , h . , baumbach , t . & van de kamp , t . ( 2016 ) : preservation of three - dimensional anatomy in phosphatized fossil arthropods enriches evolutionary inference . - elife
schwermann , a . h . , wuttke , m . , santos rolo , t . d . , caterino , m . s . , bechly , g . , schmied , h . , baumbach , t . & van de kamp , t . ( 2016 ) : the fossil insects of the quercy region : a historical review . - entomologie heute , 28 : 127 - 142 . [ pdf ]
skartveit , j . & bechly , g . ( 2013 ) : first record of the march fly genus plecia ( diptera : bibionidae ) in dominican amber . - neues jahrbuch für geologie und paläontologie abhandlungen , 269 / 1 : 97 - 100 . [ pdf ]
sroka , p . , staniczek , a . h . & bechly , g . ( 2014 ) : revision of the giant pterygote insect bojophlebia prokopi kukalová - peck , 1985 ( insecta : hydropalaeoptera ) from the carboniferous of the czech republic . - journal of systematic palaeontology , 13 ( 11 ) : 963 - 982 . [ pdf ] .
staniczek , a . h . & bechly , g . ( 2002 ) : first fossil record of the mayfly family baetiscidae from baltic amber ( insecta : ephemeroptera ) . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . b . , 322 : 1 - 11 . [ official pdf with an erroneous duplicate figure , and corrected pdf with color figures ]
staniczek , a . h . & bechly , g . ( 2007 ) : chapter 11 . 2 apterygota : primarily wingless insects . - pp . 149 - 154 in : martill , d . m . , bechly , g . & loveridge , r . f . ( eds ) ( 2007 ) : the crato fossil beds of brazil : window into an ancient world . xvi + 625 pp . - cambridge university press , cambridge , uk . [ pdf ]
staniczek , a . h . , bechly , g . & godunko , r . j . ( 2011 ) : coxoplectoptera , a new fossil order of palaeoptera ( arthropoda : insecta ) , with comments on the phylogeny of the stem group of mayflies ( ephemeroptera ) . - insect systematics & evolution , 42 : 101 - 138 . [ pdf 45 . 6 mb ]
staniczek , a . h . , sroka , p . & bechly , g . ( 2014 ) : neither silverfish nor fowl : the enigmatic carboniferous carbotriplura kukalovae kluge , 1996 ( insecta : carbotriplurida ) is the putative fossil sister group to winged insects ( insecta : pterygota ) . - systematic entomology , 39 ( 4 ) : 619 - 632 . [ pdf ]
( 2015 ) : new predatory cockroaches ( insecta : blattaria : manipulatoridae fam . n . ) from the upper cretaceous myanmar amber . -
ziegler , r . & bechly , g . ( 2009 ) : von darwin zur afrikanischen eva - ursprung und entwicklung des menschen . - pp . 136 - 147 in : schmid , u . & bechly , g . ( eds ) : evolution - der fluss des lebens . - stuttgarter beitr . naturk . ser . c . , 66 / 67 : 1 - 192 . [ pdf ]
zessin , w . , bechly , g . , brauckmann , c . & gröning , e . ( 2001 ) : some new results concerning the morphology of the oldest dragonflies ( insecta : odonatoptera ) from the namurian of hagen - vorhalle ( germany ) . - the fifteenth international symposium of odonatology , abstracts of paper [ sic ! ] , societas internationalis odonatologica ( s . i . o . ) , novosibirsk , russia , july 9 - 19 , 2001 : 18 - 19 .
impressum | datenschutz | cookie policy | sitemap copyright : dr . günter bechly , germany , 2015
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
bachmann , a . o . ( 1963 ) la ninfa de staurophlebia bosqi navás , 1927 ( odonata - aeshnidae ) . rev . soc . ent . argent . , buenos aires 26 : 71 - 73 .
backhoff , p . ( 1910 ) die entwicklung des copulationsapparates von agrion . ein beitrag zur postembryonalen entwicklungsgeschichte der odonaten . z . wiss . zool . 95 , p . 647—706
baerends , g . p . ( 1959 ) ethological studies of insect behavior . ann . rev . ent . 4 : 207 - 229 .
baez , m . , ( 1985 ) las libélulas de las islas canarias . cabildo insular de tenerife , santa cruz , tenerife .
bagg , a . m . ( 1957 ) a fall flight of dragonflies . maine field nat . 13 : 13 - 15 .
bagg , a . m . ( 1958 ) fall emigration of the dragon - fly , anax junius . maine field nat . 14 : 2 - 13 .
baijal , h . n . and agarwal , j . p . ( 1955 ) opuscula libellulogica i . agra university journal research 4 ( 1 ) : 453 - 470 , figs . 1 - 43 .
baker , r . l . ( 1980 ) use of space in relation to feeding areas by zygopteran nymphs in captivity . can . j . zool . 58 : 1060 - 1065 .
baker , r . l . , and h . f . clifford . ( 1980 ) the nymphs of coenagrion interrogatum and c . resolutum ( zygoptera : coenagrionidae ) from the boreal forest of alberta , canada . can . ent . 112 : 433 - 436 .
baker , r . l . ( 1981 ) behavioral interactions and use of feeding areas by nymphs of coenagrion resolutum ( coenagrionidae : odonata ) . oecologia 49 : 353 - 358 .
baker , r . l . , and h . f . clifford . ( 1981 ) life cycles and food of coenagrion resolutum ( coenagrionidae : odonata ) and lestes disjunctus disjunctus ( lestidae : odonata ) populations from the boreal forest of alberta , canada . aquatic insects 3 : 179 - 191 .
baker , r . l . , and b . p . smith . ( 1997 ) conflict between antipredator and antiparasite behaviour in larval damselflies . oecologia 109 ( 4 ) : 622 - 628 .
balinsky , b . i . ( 1956 ) a new species of chlorolestes ( odonata ) from natal . annals transvaal museum 22 ( 4 ) : 511 - 514 , figs . 1 - 5 .
balinsky , b . i . ( 1957 ) classification of the females in the genus pseudagrion ( odonata ) based on thoracic structure . journal of the entomological society of south africa . 20 : 280 - 294 .
balinsky , b . i . ( 1961 ) observations on the dragonfly fauna of the coastal region of zululand , with descriptions of three new species ( odonata ) . journal entomological society southern africa 24 ( 1 ) : 72 - 91 , figs . 1 - 12 , incl . pl . 1 - 1 .
balinsky , b . i . ( 1963 ) a contribution towards the systematics of dragonflies of southern africa ( odonata ) . journal entomological society southern africa 26 ( 1 ) : 228 - 255 , figs . 1 - 45 .
balinsky , b . i . ( 1964 ) a new species of pseudagrion ( odonata ) from the okavango swamps , bechuanaland . novos taxa entomologicos no . 36 : 3 - 7 , figs . 1 - 1 .
balinsky , b . i . ( 1965 ) a new species of orthetrum ( odonata ) from southern africa . novos taxa entomologicos no . 39 : 3 - 7 .
balinsky , b . i . ( 1967 ) on some intrinsic and environmental factors controlling the distribution of dragonflies ( odonata ) , with redescription and a new name for a little known species . journal entomological society southern africa 29 : 3 - 22 , figs . 1 - 4 , ta
balinsky , b . i . ( 1971 ) a new species of pseudagrion sélys ( odonata ) from eastern transvaal . journal entomological society southern africa 34 ( 1 ) : 11 - 15 , figs . 1 - 1 .
bandsma , a . t . and brandt , r . t . ( 1963 ) the amazing world of insects , george allen & unwin ltd . , london 46pp . + 133pl .
banks , n . ( 1892 ) a synopsis , catalogue and bibliography of the neuropteroid insects of temperate north america . trans . amer . ent . soc . 19 : 327 - 372 .
banks , n . ( 1894 ) the odonata of ithaca , n . y . can . ent . 26 : 76 - 78 .
banks , n . ( 1896 ) a new species of gomphus . journal [ of the ] new york entomological society 4 ( 4 ) : 193 - 195 .
banks , m . j . , and d . j . thompson . ( 1985 ) lifetime mating success in the damselfly coenagrion puella . anim . behav . 33 : 1175 - 1183 .
barclay , h . ( 1964 ) some of the common pond arthropoda of the auckland district . tane 10 : 40 - 48
barclay , m . h . ( 1966 ) an ecological study of a temporary pond near auckland l new zealand . australian j . marine and freshwater research 17 : 239 - 258
barlow , a . ( 1996 ) additions to the checklist of odonata from malawi , with taxonomic notes . odonatologica 25 ( 3 ) : 221 - 230 .
barnard , k . h . ( 1933 ) a new genus of corduline dragonfly from south africa ( odonata ) . stylops 2 ( 7 ) : 165 - 168 , figs . 1 - 2 .
barnard , k . h . ( 1937 ) notes on dragon - flies ( odonata ) of the s . w . cape with descriptions of the nymphs and of new species . annals south african museum 32 ( 3 ) : 169 - 260 , figs . 1 - 32 .
barra , j . ( 1963 ) introduction à l ' étude écologique des odonates autour de strasbourg . bull . soc . zool . france , paris 88 : 108 - 124 .
barrett , m . d . & williams , m . r . ( 1998 ) distribution of the western petalura dragonfly petalura hesperia watson in western australia . pac . conserv . biol . 4 ( 2 ) : 149 - 154
bartenef , a . n . ( 1908 ) eine sammlung von odonaten aus der umbegung des uvilda - sees ( goouv . perm ) . trudy obshchestva estestvoipytatelei imperatorskom kazanskom 41 ( 1 ) : 1 - 40 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1909 ) verzeichnisse der evertebraten - sammlungen des zoolog . museums der kais . universitat tomsk . xii . beitrage zur odonatenfauna sibiriens ( 1 - 5 ) . [ samml . zool . mus . univ . tomsk . 12 : 17 - 56 . pl 1 , 2 . . . . alt journal title ? ] izvestiia gosudarstvennogo tomskogo universiteta 37 ( 12 ) : 17 - 56 , excl . pl . 1 - 2 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1909 ) die odonaten der expedition nach kars . trudy kruzhka izsliedovanii russkoi prirody [ check ] 4 : 63 - 75 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1910 ) data relating to siberian dragonflies ? zoologischer anzeiger 35 ( 4 ) : 270 - 278 , figs . 1 - 7 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1910 ) verzeichnisse der evertebraten - sammlungen des zoolog . museums der kais . universitat tomsk . xi . collection of matsugama ( japan ) dragonflies . [ samml . zool . mus . univ . tomsk . . . . alt journal title ? ] izvestiia gosudarstvennogo tomskogo universiteta 37 ( 11 ( 1909 ) : 1 - 16 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1911 ) contributions to the knowledge of the odonata from palearctic asia in the zoological museum of imp . academy of sciences of st . petersburg . annuaire musee zoologique academie imperiale sciences st pet 16 : 409 - 448 , figs . 1 - 15 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1912 ) die palaearctischen und ostasiatischen arten und unterarten der gatung calopleryx leach ( odonata , calopterygidae ) . raboty laboratorii zoologicheskago kabineta imperatorskago v 1911 ( 1 ) : 63 - 193 , figs . 1 - 48 . [ also as : 63 - 257 ]
bartenef , a . n . ( 1912 ) odonaten - ausbeute in transkaukasien im sommer 1911 . raboty laboratorii zoologicheskago kabineta imperatorskago v 1912 : 132 - 161 , figs . 1 - 14 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1912 ) materiahen zur odonatenfauna sibieriens . 15 . odonaten aus transbaikalien . zoologische jahrbuecher systematik 32 : 221 - 284 , figs . 1 - 15 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1913 ) sur une collection de libellules de boukhara ( turkestan ) . revue russe entomologie 13 ( 1 ) : 176 - 189 , figs . 1 - 9 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1913 ) contributions à la connaissance des odonates de l ' asie paléarctique du musée zoologique de l ' académie imperiale des sciences de st . pétersbourg , 2 . annuaire musee zoologique academie imperiale sciences st pet 17 ( 3 / 4 ) : 289 - 310 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1914 ) matériaux pour l ' étude de la faune des libellules de la sibérie . 16 . odonates de la province d ' oussouri horae societatis entomologicae rossicae 41 ( 2 ) : 1 - 32 , figs . 1 - 21 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1915 ) faune de la russie et des pays limitrophes . insectes pseudoneuropteres ( insecta pseudoneuroptera ) , vol . i , libellulidae , livr . 1 . [ in russian ] mus . zool . acad . imp . sci . , petrograd , 1 ( 1 ) : 1 - 352 , figs . 1 - 124 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1915 ) les reprèsentants américans du genre sympetrum ( odonata , libellulinae ) . raboty laboratorii zoologicheskago kabineta imperatorskago v 1915 ( 5 ) : 1 - 26 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1916 ) contributions à la faune des odonates du nord de perse . revue russe entomologie 16 ( 1 / 2 ) : 38 - 45 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1919 ) insectes pseudoneuroptères ( insecta pseudoneuroptera ) . volume i , libellulidae . livraison 2 . faune russie 1 ( 2 ) : 353 - 576 , figs . 125 - 192 . maps 8 - 14 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1924 ) contributions à l ' odontofaune des monts de la caucasie . [ 1925 ? ] bulletin museum georgie 2 : 28 - 86 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1929 ) donnés nouvelles sur les odonates de la transcaucasie , de la perse et du turkestan . revue russe entomologie 23 ( 1 / 2 ) : 124 - 131 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1929 ) über die artengruppen aeschna juncea und aeschna clepsydra in dem paläarctischen gebiete [ in russian ] . trudy severo - kavkazskoi assotsiatsii nauchno - issledovatel ' sk 54 : 1 - 65 , figs . 1 - 70 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1929 ) neue arten und varietaten der odonata des west - kaukasus . zoologischer anzeiger 85 ( 3 / 4 ) : 54 - 68 , figs . 1 - 13 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1930 ) sur une collection des odonates de la sibérie orientale et du turkestan et sur le genre ophiogomphus selys dans la region paléactique . [ on a dragonfly collection from east siberia and turkestan and on the genus ophiogomphus sel . in palaearctic ] . revue russe entomologie 24 ( 1 / 2 ) : 115 - 127 , figs . 1 - 2 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1930 ) die paläarktischen arten der untergattung cordulegaster . raboty severo - kavkazskoi gidrobiologicheskoi stantsii pri go 3 ( 1 / 3 ) : 1 - 32 , figs . 1 - 4 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1930 ) über calopteryx splendens und ihre biotypen besonders die westasiatischen . zoologische jahrbuecher systematik 58 : 521 - 540 , incl . pl . 5 - 5 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1930 ) über die aberrationen von libellula quadrimaculata l . zoologischer anzeiger 87 ( 7 / 8 ) : 191 - 198 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1930 ) über eine kleine odonatensammlung aus japan und nordchina . zoologischer anzeiger 88 ( 11 / 12 ) : 326 - 329 , figs . 1 - 7 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1930 ) likely in error , see ' abstract ' zoologischer anzeiger 89 ( 7 / 10 ) : 229 - 245 , figs . 1 - 5 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1931 ) die geographisch - biologische charakteristik und die arten - paarungen der gattung sympetrum newm . 1833 . zool . jahrb . ( syst . ) 61 : 347 - 360 .
bartenef , a . n . ( 1956 ) materials on the odonate fauna ( insecta , odonata ) of the far east [ in russian ] . trudy dal ' nevostochnogo filiala akademii nauk ussr zoology 3 ( 6 ) : 201 - 238 , incl . pl . 1 - 10 .
bartram , j . ; collinson , p . ( 1753 ) some observations on the dragon - fly or libella of pensilvania , collected from mr . john bartram ' s letters , communicated by peter collinson , f . r . s . ( january 1 , 1753 ) philosophical transactions ( 1683 - 1775 ) 46 : 323–325
bay , e . c . ( 1974 ) predator - prey relationships among aquatic insects . annual review of entomology 19 : 441 - 453
bayly , i . a . e . and williams , w . d . ( 1973 ) inland waters and their ecology . longman , camberwell , victoria , 316pp .
beatty , g . h . , iii . ( 1945 ) odonata collected and observed in 1945 at two artificial ponds at upton , new jersey . bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 40 : 178 - 187 .
beatty , g . h . , iii . ( 1946 ) dragonflies collected in pennsylvania and new jersey in 1945 . ent . news 62 : 1 - 10 , 50 - 56 , 76 - 81 , 104 - 111 . [ or vol 57 : ? ]