the spotted lanternfly or lycorma delicatula ( order hemiptera , family fulgoridae ) is a planthopper native to china , india , and vietnam .

although it has two pairs of wings , it jumps more than it flies .

its host plants are grapes , pines , stone fruits , and malus spp .

in its native habitat it is kept in check by natural predators or pathogens .

it was accidentally introduced in korea in 2006 and is since considered a pest .

in september 2014 , it was first spotted in the u.s. .

spotted lanternfly

spotted lanternfly nymphs collected on tree band . tree banding is both an effective detection method and control strategy for spotted lanternfly
for more information you can search spotted lanternfly pda for the pennsylvania department of agriculture , or spotted lanternfly psu for penn state university .
the quarantine of the dangerously invasive spotted lanternfly has again expanded into bucks county .
quarantine extended for invasive spotted lanternfly in s . e . pa . - philly
pennsylvania department of agriculture ( 2015 ) . spotted lanternfly . accessed june 2015 at
spotted lanternfly fourth ( final ) instar nymph ( immature ) . credit : itchydogimages
the spotted lanternfly is an invasive insect that was first found in pennsylvania in 2014 .
lateral view of an adult spotted lanternfly . photo by lawrence barringer , pennsylvania department of agriculture
lateral view of an adult spotted lanternfly . photo by lawrence barringer , pennsylvania department of agriculture
the spotted lanternfly is a new invasive insect that was first found in pennsylvania in 2014 .
the spotted lanternfly does not bite people , which is something that people often ask about .
spotted lanternfly is regarded as a poisonous insect in chinese medicine and used for relief from swelling .
right now , the fight against the invasive spotted lanternfly involves trying to keep them from reproducing .
find more information , including a one - minute video about the spotted lanternfly , visit urltoken .
spotted lanternfly is an invasive insect in pennsylvania that has the potential to threaten several important agricultural commodities .
if spotted lanternfly did become established in minnesota , it could impact grape , apple and nursery production .
parasitic wasp , anastatus orientalis is reported to parasitize up to 69 percent of spotted lanternfly eggs in china . this egg parasitoid is considered a potential biocontrol agent for release against the spotted lanternfly in south korea .
the pennsylvania department of agriculture issued a quarantine to restrict the movement of the spotted lanternfly on november 1 , 2014 . a small area of pennsylvania is regulated to prevent spotted lanternfly from spreading to new areas .
there are some native insects that could be confused with a spotted lanternfly , especially tiger moths and underwing moths which also can have red hind wings . however , moths are much better fliers compared to a spotted lanternfly . moths also do not jump while a spotted lanternfly ( and other planthoppers ) are good jumpers .
adult spotted lanternfly with wings spread showing colorful hind wing . photo by holly raguza , pennsylvania department of agriculture
. this will increase the likelihood of early detection and control of the spotted lanternfly if it arrives here .
for more information on damage , life cycles and descriptions , and where to look , see the spotted lanternfly pest alert . also , from the pennsylvania department of agriculture : guidelines for the control of spotted lanternfly .
the spotted lanternfly has no known effects on human health , according to horticulture experts at penn state extension .
spotted lanternfly egg mass on tree - of - heaven . photo by holly raguza , bugwood . org .
if you live outside of the current ( quarantine area ) in pennsylvania and find a spotted lanternfly , report it ! use this interactive plant pest quarantine search to see if you ' re in the spotted lanternfly quarantine area .
spotted lanternfly covered egg mass ( bottom ) , adult ( center ) , uncovered egg mass ( top ) .
the spotted lanternfly is a threat to many fruit crops and trees . learn to spot it and report it .
contact the minnesota department of agriculture via arrest the pest if you suspect an infestation of spotted lanternfly in minnesota .
more information about the biology of the spotted lanternfly , most current distribution , volunteer opportunities , quarantine regulations and compliance .
build - up of honeydew secretions at the base of a tree , a sign of a heavy spotted lanternfly infestation .
penn state college of agricultural sciences ( 2015 ) . host plants used by the spotted lanternfly . accessed july 2015 at
photo 1 : spotted lanternfly . note spots on most of the wing and the lacey pattern on the wing tips .
spotted lanternfly younger nymphs without red coloration . photo by lawrence barringer , pennsylvania department of agriculture , bugwood . org .
spotted lanternfly older nymph with red coloration . photo by lawrence barringer , pennsylvania department of agriculture , bugwood . org .
limit the spread of spotted lanternfly : you can take steps personally to limit the chance you may spread spotted lanternfly . you can use the “spotted lanternfly quarantine checklist” to make sure items on and around your home are pest free before moving them . you can also check your vehicle for hitch hiking lanternflies if you plan on leaving the quarantine area . taking steps to not park or leave items under tree lines will also reduce the risk of spotted lanternfly becoming an unwelcome hitch hiker .
spotted lanternfly egg masses can be hard to spot making it easy to unknowingly transport them on vehicles and other outdoor items .
an adult spotted lanternfly , with wings spread , showing its colorful hind wing . photo by holly raguza , pennsylvania department of agriculture
the spotted lanternfly is just the most recent invasive bug species from overseas to show up in pennsylvania by way of international commerce .
south korea is approximately similar in size to pennsylvania and we know that the spotted lanternfly has been here longer than three years .
the spotted lanternfly was first discovered in berks county in 2014 . the fight against them involves trying to keep them from reproducing .
adult spotted lanternfly on tree - of - heaven . photo by lawrence barringer , pennsylvania department of agriculture , bugwood . org .
download a spotted lanternfly kit » the kit contains useful information regarding identification , handling yard waste , a time of year management chart and what to do if you find spotted lanternflies on your property .
this map is from the pennsylvania department of agriculture and so far the spotted lanternfly has been found in the southeastern part of pennsylvania .
an adult spotted lanternfly is seen , its wings spread to show a colorful hind wing . the invasive pest has sparked a quarantine in pennsylvania .
darvin levengood walks the grounds of his berks county winery . the spotted lanternfly arrived in berks in 2014 and has spread to five other counties .
this is a picture of a stand of younger ailanthus trees , tree of heaven , that sustained heavy populations of spotted lanternfly for two years .
any living stage of the spotted lanternfly , lyc o r m a delica tu la . this includes egg masses , nymphs , and adults .
if spotted lanternfly is discovered in minnesota , actions may be taken to prevent its spread to new areas and to eradicate or control any infestations .
in the late summer and fall , the spotted lanternfly prefers feeding on ailanthus altissima , commonly known as the
tree of heaven .
they can be found feeding on other plants and trees , but if you have ailanthus altissima , you should start searching for spotted lanternfly on those trees .
the spotted lanternfly ( slf ) , lycorma delicatula , ( hemiptera : fulgoridae ) was unintentionally introduced into korea in 2006 where it is a pest .
a gypsy moth egg mass ( right ) next to an egg mass of the spotted lanternfly ( left ) on a willow , salix sp . trunk
the spotted lanternfly quarantine has expanded into nine additional municipalities in southeastern pennsylvania , including some in bucks county , the pennsylvania department of agriculture announced recently .
redding is talking about the spotted lanternfly , just the most recent invasive bug species from overseas to show up in pennsylvania by way of international commerce .
as a nymph , the spotted lanternfly feeds on a wide range of plants and trees . over 65 potential host species have been recorded , including :
barringer , l . 2014 . pest alert : spotted lanternfly , lycorma delicatula ( white ) ( hemiptera : fulgoridae ) . pennsylvania department of agriculture .
it is important for landowners in the affected area to avoid spreading the spotted lanternfly . one good practice is to avoid parking your vehicle under trees because spotted lanternflies that are living in trees will lay eggs on the cars underneath .
after being detected most recently in northampton and lehigh counties , the spotted lanternfly has now been discovered in berks , montgomery , bucks , and chester counties .
profile of spotted lanternfly adult at rest . note the wings are held tent - like over the back of the insect . credit : pennsylvania department of agriculture
the spotted lanternfly is not known to occur in minnesota . it was detected in pennsylvania in september 2014 which is the only known occurrence in north america .
residents in and around the quarantine areas are encouraged to inspect their properties for spotted lanternfly . additional townships may be added to the quarantine , but with the identification of each infestation , we come one step closer to controlling spotted lanternfly and the damage it might cause our economy and our environment , agriculture officials said .
previous experience with other invasive insect species — including the brown marmorated stink bug and gypsy moths — is helpful to state agriculture officials dealing with the spotted lanternfly .
where spotted lanternfly has been detected in pennsylvania , several control options are available . these methods are used in combination on a site - by - site basis .
since its detection in 2014 in pennsylvania , research on spotted lanternfly has been rapidly expanding . currently , researchers from government and academia are investigating topics such as :
i ' m going to talk about the invasive insect , the spotted lanternfly , how to identify it , and why we ' re so concerned about it .
we ' ve found spotted lanternfly on herbaceous plants including day lilies , basil , cucumbers , but primarily we think of them as a pest on woody plants .
efforts to put a crimp in the growing risk of the spotted lanternfly to pennsylvania ' s fruit and hardwood industry have gotten a boost from the federal government .
spotted lanternfly first instar nymph ( immature ) . note that the nymph is black with white spots . this coloration persists through the third instar . credit : itchydogimages
spotted lanternfly was first discovered in berks county , pennsylvania in september of 2014 . it has since spread to 13 counties in pennsylvania and is under a quarantine in that state . it was also found in both delaware and new york in late 2017 . as of january 2018 , spotted lanternfly has not been found in massachusetts .
spotted lanternfly is native to china and found in southeast asia . it was first reported in south korea in 2006 and rapidly spread to different parts of the country .
pennsylvania department of agriculture spotted lanternfly information , including a copy of the slf order of quarantine , a powerpoint on lycorma inspection tips , and the slf pest alert .
the pennsylvania department of agriculture has extended the area placed under quarantine for an invasion of spotted lanternfly to include nine additional municipalities in the southeastern part of the state .
when you see the spotted lanternfly in the media , you often see this image at the upper left with the wings displayed and you can see the red underwings .
spotted lanternfly was discovered in berks county in september of 2014 and we estimate that it arrived in pennsylvania during 2012 based on the condition of old weathered egg masses .
there really weren ' t very many spotted lanternfly in this orchard until september and then when the adults took to flight they flew into the orchard in large numbers .
if you find an insect that you suspect is the spotted lanternfly , please contact your local extension office or state plant regulatory official to have the specimen identified properly .
people are asking about the longterm health of trees that are fed upon my lanternfly .
according to dara’s information compilation , the spotted lanternfly is actually not a fly , but a planthopper referred to as “spot clothing wax cicada” or “chinese blistering cicada” in literature .
the spotted lanternfly is native to southern asia , including china , india , japan , and vietnam . recently , it has become a problematic invasive pest in south korea .
so this orchard , producer , could use an insecticide that was labeled for his fruit crops and the spotted lanternfly have not been particularly difficult to kill with traditional insecticides .
this tree was red from a distance of about 50 feet i could just see that the whole stem of this tree was red from the high numbers of spotted lanternfly .
the spotted lanternfly is native to china , india , japan , and vietnam and has been detected for the first time in the united states in eastern berks county , pennsylvania .
the spotted lanternfly is not known to do any structural damage , it won ' t get into the wall space of your home and try to over - winter as adults .
management neonicotinoids , pyrethrins , and organophosphates are among the chemical insecticides effective against spotted lanternfly . adults and 2 nd - 4 th instar nymphs appear to be attracted to spearmint oil which could be used in their control . using sticky traps at the base of the tree trunks also appears to be a good management strategy . parasitic wasp , anastatus orientalis is reported to parasitize up to 69 % of spotted lanternfly eggs in china . this egg parasitoid is considered a potential biocontrol agent for release against the spotted lanternfly in south korea .
anyone finding the spotted lanternfly on their property is encouraged to contact the pennsylvania department of agriculture at : badbug @ pa . gov , 1 - 866 - 253 - 7189 .
greig , g . 2014 . notices : order of quarantine ; spotted lanternfly . 44 pa . b . 6947 . pages 6947 . the pennsylvania bulletin , harrisburg , pa .
aphis administrator kevin shea points to the sticky bands being placed around the trunks of host trees , such as tree of heaven , to identify the range of spotted lanternfly nymphs .
the spotted lanternfly is not known to bite humans . you can kill spotted lanternflies mechanically , by swatting or crushing them . however , when you threaten them , they are able to quickly jump far away from you , so mechanical control is not easy to achieve .
“you can help stop its spread . keep a watchful eye out for signs of the spotted lanternfly : the nymphs in the spring , and right now the brown / grey mud like egg masses and bright black and white and red spotted adults , ” nichols said .
adults are weak flyers , but good hoppers . the head is black with piercing and sucking mouthparts . life cycle is typically one generation per year . spotted lanternfly overwinters as eggs .
most natural enemies of the spotted lanternfly are not effective enough for controlling them , according to dr . dara , nor are generalist predators . parasitic controls are few , although a few that are native to asia may work there . a parasitic wasp called anastatus orientalis may have potential because it is reported to parasitize up to 69 percent of spotted lanternfly eggs in china .
to control spotted lanternflies , applying a system of insecticide will help to kill off adults .
spotted lanternfly was first found in berks county , pennsylvania in 2014 and is a major threat to our agriculture industry . this video , updated in march 2018 , discusses how to identify this invasive pest and describes its lifecycle and behavior . you will also learn about current conditions and quarantine areas , the research being conducted , and where you can learn more about spotted lanternfly .
origin and distribution spotted lanternfly is native to china and is present in southeast asia . it was first reported in south korea in 2006 and rapidly spread to different parts of the country .
pesticides are currently the most effective way of killing the spotted lanternfly , but it’s important that you contact a professional or follow the instructions on the pdofag’s website to report the infestation appropriately .
“if the spotted lanternfly continues to spread it will attack more grapes , apples , pines , and stone fruits and could become a major pest to the united states , ” nichols said .
a spotted lanternfly , seen on a leaf . they feed on the leaf , then leave behind a waste product that leads to the development of what ' s called a sooty mold .
the spotted lanternfly , which attacks tree trunks and other woody parts of plants , is a weak flyer but a strong and quick jumper . credit : lawrence barringer , pa . department of agriculture
an adult spotted lanternfly is seen , its wings spread to show a colorful hind wing . the invasive pest has sparked a quarantine in pennsylvania . holly raguza / pennsylvania department of agriculture hide caption
as an adult , the spotted lanternfly mainly feeds on the ailanthus ( tree of heaven ) , although has also been observed on a few other species , including salix ( weeping willow ) .
a spotted lanternfly , seen on a leaf . they feed on the leaf , then leave behind a waste product that leads to the development of what ' s called a sooty mold . (
pinned spotted lanternfly adult with wings open . note the bright red coloration now visible on the hindwings . this cannot be seen when the insect is at rest . credit : pennsylvania department of agriculture
the spotted lanternfly attacks many important agricultural trees and plants , including the grapevine . if this invasive species were to establish in ontario , it would threaten the $ 3 . 3 billion wine industry .
the spotted lanternfly feeds on various host plants throughout its development . nymphs feed on a wide range of plant species , while adults prefer to feed and lay eggs on tree - of - heaven (
an ongoing de - limiting survey being conducted at the local and state level to rid areas of the spotted lanternfly has led to the quarantine of several municipalities — including in northampton and lehigh counties .
additionally , it is good if residents of surrounding areas are aware of the spotted lanternfly , know how to identify it in all its life stages and are watching out for it , swackhamer said .
in the late summer and fall , the spotted lanternfly prefers feeding on ailanthus altissima , commonly known as the “tree of heaven . ” they can be found feeding on other plants and trees , but if you have ailanthus altissima , you should start searching for spotted lanternfly on those trees . for information on how to identify ailanthus altissima and how to control it , see this fact sheet : urltoken .
the spotted lanternfly doesn ' t make any kind of a cocoon or pupi , goes directly from that fourth instar stage , the skin of that life stage will crack open and the adult crawls out .
the invasive spotted lanternfly has been found in southeastern counties in pennsylvania . we are trying to eradicate this potential pest . there is a quarantine order in place that prohibits movement of any living life stage of this insect to areas outside of the quarantine area . to find information about identifying the spotted lanternfly , current information about where it is known to exist , quarantine order , and compliance go to : urltoken
the spotted lanternfly ( lycorma delicatula ) is native to china and was first detected in pennsylvania in september 2014 . spotted lanternfly feeds on a wide range of fruit , ornamental and woody trees , with tree - of - heaven being one of the preferred hosts . spotted lanternflies are invasive and can be spread long distances by people who move infested material or items containing egg masses . if allowed to spread in the united states , this pest could seriously impact the country’s grape , orchard , and logging industries .
an exotic pest known as the spotted lanternfly , lycorma delicatula ( white ) was recently detected in berks county , pa . spotted lanternfly , which is actually not a fly , but a planthopper is also referred to as “spot clothing wax cicada” or “chinese blistering cicada” in the literature . it belongs to the family fulgoridae in the order hemiptera . fulgorids or members of the family fulgoridae are moderate to large planthoppers generally referred to as lanternflies because of the inflated front portion of the head that was thought to be luminous . spotted lanternfly is regarded as a poisonous insect in chinese medicine and used for relief from swelling .
the infestation in berks county most likely originated from one of several asian countries , including china , india , japan , south korea and vietnam , where the spotted lanternfly is endemic . despite its distinctive red and black - spotted wings , the lanternfly can only walk , jump or fly short distances . its long - distance spread is made possible by people who unknowingly move infested material or vehicles containing egg masses .
invasive bug prompts quarantine in pennsylvania townships : the two - way the spotted lanternfly has officially arrived in the u . s . , and leaders in pennsylvania are hoping it won ' t be staying long .
osama el - lissy , aphis’ deputy administrator for plant protection and quarantine , looks for spotted lanternfly nymphs emerging from host tree material in research barrels to show aphis administrator kevin shea and associate administrator mike gregoire .
surveys are currently underway to determine the complete spread of this pest in berks county and the surrounding counties . efforts are also underway to ensure the spotted lanternfly is not present in other parts of the commonwealth .
for the lanternfly , current research is focused on the insect’s anatomy in the hopes that a weakness in the pest can be found and manipulated . scientists are working with various pesticides , predators , and parasitoids , spichiger said , including a parasitic wasp that “might infest a spotted lanternfly and cause it not to reproduce . ”
neonicotinoids , pyrethrins , and organophosphates are among the chemical insecticides effective against spotted lanternfly . adults and 2 nd - 4 th instar nymphs appear to be attracted to spearmint oil which could be used in their control .
occurrence data : we have used the csv file of the distribution of spotted lanternfly from the literatures ( in china , korea and japan ) . this file contains the occurrence points of the species in the naive region
horticultural experts across pennsylvania say the spotted lanternfly is of particular concern here because they feast on grapevines , apple trees , stone fruit trees , and pine trees , all of which are big business in the keystone state .
for now , the spotted lanternfly remains confined to a small area of pennsylvania , but according to dr . dara , all appropriate interests should stand by , keep watch , and - - especially - - be ready .
because the pest is so new , experts are working on quarantining and eradicating new infestations in order to keep it under control . currently , the spotted lanternfly is detected in several counties , including our own lehigh county .
darvin levengood walks the grounds of his winery , keeping an eye out for the spotted lanternfly , but does not see any , in amityville , berks county , pa . , wednesday , aug . 9 , 2017 . the nets on the trees are to keep birds away from the grapes ; they would not prevent a lanternfly infestation .
u . s . department of agriculture – animal and plant health inspection service ( 2015 ) . spotted lanternfly eradication program in berks , lehigh , and montgomery counties , pennsylvania – environmental assessment may 2015 . accessed july 2015 at
the spotted lanternfly was first discovered in berks county in 2014 . it is an economic threat because it can destroy vineyards , fruit trees and forest products and associated businesses . sven spichiger , of the pennsylvania department of agriculture , said three vineyards in the quarantine area were negatively impacted this year . “right now the spotted lanternfly is laying eggs and they lay them anywhere and hides them , ” he said . each egg mass contains 30 to 50 eggs .
likewise , if you collect an adult or nymph , place the specimen in 70 percent rubbing alcohol or hand sanitizer in a leak - proof container . never take a live specimen of the spotted lanternfly from the area under quarantine .
“social media is a powerful tool for helping visually identify this pest , ” explained redding . “we encourage citizens to watch and share our spotted lanternfly video . anyone can join us to help protect pennsylvania from this bad bug . ”
when disturbed , the lanternfly will hop or fly away , revealing bright red and white hindwings . ( figure 2 )
an average lanternfly life cycle lasts about a year , during which time they can lay between 30 and 50 eggs .
the spotted lanternfly is an inch - long black , red and white spotted insect native to southeast asia . it is an invasive species in korea , where it has attacked 25 plant species that also grow in pennsylvania . the pest had not been found in the united states prior to its initial detection in berks county in the fall of 2014 .
everyone is encouraged to report the spotted lanternfly if they find it outside the quarantine area , learn about the pest’s lifecycle , try to kill it in all stages and don’t move material that could be harboring any stage of the pest .
setliff encouraged everyone to report the spotted lanternfly if they find it outside the quarantine area , learn about the pest’s lifecycle , try to kill it in all stages and don’t move material that could be harboring any stage of the pest .
people seeing the spotted lanternfly for the first time are struck by its sometimes - flashy appearance . but don ' t let its colorful , butterfly - like veneer fool you , caution entomologists in penn state ' s college of agricultural sciences .
the spotted lanternfly threatens many species of orchard trees . in addition to threatening the industry , there are potential social impacts including impacts on summer activities such as apple picking , enjoying fresh produce from farmer’s markets , or wine tasting at local vineyards
native to northern china , the spotted lanternfly has spread to korea and japan , where it has caused considerable damage . last year authorities in berks county , pennsylvania quarantined five townships and issued an alert document to help people identify the pest .
the estimated number of spotted lanternfly killed by egg mass scraping based off of reported efforts . this number comes from the “reporting scraped egg masses instructions” page . this number will be periodically updated to reflect the efforts of pda and the community .
the invasive pest – spotted lanternfly , lycorma delicatula - has been found for the first time in the u . s . ( pennsylvania ) , and western - state growers should be aware of the insect and its host range which includes grapes and stone fruit . sugar content from lanternfly excretion can harbor mold growth which can result in stunted plant growth or even death .
the spotted lanternfly , which recently was discovered for the first time in the united states in berks county , poses a threat to many economically important species of trees and woody ornamentals in pennsylvania . credit : holly raguza , pa . department of agriculture
host plants and impact - the primary hosts of spotted lanternfly are tree of heaven and grapes . however , in korea , it has been recorded attacking 65 different species ; many of these same genera occur in minnesota including apple , grape , willow , oak , walnut , silver maple , common lilac , poplar , eastern white pine , and rose . tree of heaven is not widely present in minnesota , and it is possible that spotted lanternfly would not thrive in minnesota without this important host .
the first north american detection occurred in october 2014 in pennsylvania , u . s . a . as of march 2017 , quarantined areas exist within counties in pennsylvania ( see map ) . in november 2017 , the spotted lanternfly is confirmed in delaware .
we investigated the potential distribution of spotted lanternfly in the us using maxent model . our study found the potential risky places in the us are the midwest and mid - atlantic regions based on the climatic factors that are favourable for the species to thrive .
in pennsylvania , the spotted lanternfly overwinters in egg masses laid on smooth bark , stone , and other vertical surfaces . the first of four immature stages , or instars , began emerging from the egg masses in mid - may , with a few individuals that had molted to second instar nymphs by the end of may . the first instar nymph is black with white spots and wingless . as it grows , the spotted lanternfly develops red patches in addition to the white spots . nymphs spread from the initial site by crawling or jumping up any woody or non - woody plant it comes across to feed . in korea , the spotted lanternfly is known to gradually prefer tree - of - heaven / paradise tree ( ailanthus altissima ) as it nears the adult stage .
kelly murman , a graduate student in biology at east stroudsburg university , volunteers with a collaborative effort by the u . s . and state departments of agriculture to study plants that the spotted lanternfly feeds on , according to a story last month on urltoken .
the spotted lanternfly begins laying eggs in masses of 30 to 50 eggs , covered in a brown , mud - like substance , in late september or early october . egg masses may be found on adult host trees , especially tree of heaven ( ailanthus alitissima ) , moderately - sized stones and other smooth surfaced outdoor items , such as lawn furniture , stone and brick work , and outdoor recreational vehicles . the egg mass poses , perhaps , the greatest risk for accidental transport of the spotted lanternfly to new areas .
the spotted lanternfly is known to attack about 65 different plant hosts in korea , especially tree of heaven and grapes . it is also known to attack plants in the same genera as apple , willow , oak , lilac , rose , maple , poplar , and pine . spotted lanternflies ( like other planthoppers ) damages plants by using its needle - like mouthparts to feed on plant sap .
berks county is the front line in the war against spotted lanternfly ,
agriculture secretary george greig said in a news release .
we are taking every measure possible to learn more , educate the public and ourselves and eliminate this threat to agriculture .
in boyertown , steven frecon , the owner and orchard manager of frecons farm , was not in the quarantine area until this year . his farm grows apples , peaches , cherries , and berries . he saw his first spotted lanternfly this spring in nymph form .
adults and nymphs feed on sap that they suck from leaves and stems of host plants . this causes sap to excrete from wounds ( ' weeping ' wounds ) , which appear grey or black and can occur along the stems , branches or trunk of the tree . weeping wounds are also caused by debris ( frass ) and honeydew buildup from the spotted lanternfly . this can attract other insects to feed on the tree . the spotted lanternfly was first discovered in pennsylvania because of bees that had been attracted to the honeydew .
one of a group of insects sometimes referred to as planthoppers , the lanternfly is a weak flyer but a strong and quick jumper .
and in this picture you can see a yellow jacket that is collecting honeydew right out of the back end of the adult lanternfly .
locate ailianthus altissima trees on the site . for reasons not understood , spotted lanternfly seem to prefer some individual ailanthus altissima trees over others . try to identify the specific ailanthus trees that are most attractive to the insects , based on how many are feeding on them .
“this is our third season of combating the spotted lanternfly , and despite extensive work that has helped slow the spread of this potentially devastating invasive pest , the addition of these new municipalities illustrates just how challenging a task that is , ” said agriculture secretary russell redding .
“in south korea , where spotted lanternfly was introduced more than 10 years ago , they damaged vineyards and the quality of grapes and stone fruit , for example , peaches , ” said emelie swackhamer , a horticulture extension educator at the penn state extension in montgomery county .
the spotted lanternfly threatens vineyards and fruit orchards , which can result in significant social impacts if the insect becomes established . for example , popular summer activities could be impacted , such as apple picking , enjoying fresh produce from farmer’s markets , or wine tasting at local vineyards .
on september 22 , 2014 , the pennsylvania department of agriculture , in cooperation with the pennsylvania game commission , confirmed the presence the spotted lanternfly ( lycorma delicatula ) , in berks county , pennsylvania , the first detection of this non - native species in the united states .
the spotted lanternfly , or lycorma delicatula , is native to parts of china and eastern asia . it attacks trees by feeding on sap and harms them further by excreting large amounts of a fluid that coats leaves and stems and encourages the growth of mold , according to researchers .
“spotted lanternfly has proven to be a tremendously destructive pest that spreads rapidly and can be devastating to our valuable grapes , hardwoods and hops , ” said agriculture secretary russell redding in a statement . he urged anyone seeing the insects to report sightings to badbug @ pa . gov .
provide the file containing the presence locations . to do this , use the “browse” button in the “samples” section of the maxent screen and locate the spotted lanternfly location _ rarely _ occur [ slf _ spatial _ occ . csv ] generated from the data preparation – > step 3
freshly laid egg masses have a grey waxy mud - like coating , while hatched eggs appear as brownish seed - like deposits in four to seven columns about an inch long . trees attacked by the spotted lanternfly will show a grey or black trail of sap down the trunk .
1 . locate ailianthus altissima trees on the site . for reasons not understood , spotted lanternfly seem to prefer some individual ailanthus altissima trees over others . try to identify the specific ailanthus trees that are most attractive to the insects , based on how many are feeding on them .
the spotted lanternfly is a plant hopper native to china , india and vietnam . it has also been introduced in south korea and japan . in the u . s . , the spotted lanternfly has the potential to greatly impact the grape , tree fruit , plant nursery and timber industries . in pennsylvania , this pest poses a significant threat to the state’s more than $ 20 . 5 million grape , $ 134 million apple , and more than $ 24 million stone fruit industries , as well as the hardwood industry which accounts for $ 12 billion in sales .
although grape vine does not have toxic metabolites like other hosts , spotted lanternfly showed a strong preference in studies conducted in south korea . the sugar content of the host plant also appears to play a role in their choice with a preference for hosts containing high sucrose and fructose content .
saunders has submitted a proposal for research funding under the federal farm bill to conduct efficacy tests for spotted lanternfly chemical control . he noted that synthetic pyrethroid insecticides appear to show promise . hoover also is seeking farm bill funding to develop extension educational materials for growers , arborists and the public .
this is our third season of combatting the spotted lanternfly , and despite extensive work that has helped slow the spread of this potentially devastating invasive pest , the addition of these new municipalities illustrates just how challenging a task that is ,
agriculture secretary russell redding said in a statement .
spotted lanternfly nymphs and adults cause damage when they feed , sucking sap from stems and leaves . adults prefer to feed and lay eggs on the tree of heaven ( ailanthus altissima ) . if allowed to spread in the united states , this pest could seriously harm the country’s grape , orchard , and logging industries . we have reached out to researchers in korea to learn more about this destructive pest , and pda is conducting research on the ground to see if removing ailanthus host trees , which also happen to be invasive , and chipping the wood effectively kills spotted lanternfly nymphs .
to get rid of spotted lanternflies in their nymphal stages , banding these trees have proven quite effective . this can be done with adhesive tapes .
the brilliant colors–– red , black , and white — of the spotted lanternfly reveal one of the reasons why it is difficult to control by using natural enemies . its hues are warning colors that alert predators to the fact that the lanternfly is toxic due to poisons called cytotoxic alkaloids , which it metabolizes from some of its host plants . while the coloration of the forewings helps camouflage the lanternfly against a tree trunk , dr . dara says , the sudden flash of its vivid hindwings , when opened , startles predators and scares them away . some birds have been seen vomiting after ingesting the insect . although it is also toxic to humans , the lanternfly has been used in low quantities by practitioners of traditional chinese medicine to treat consumption and swelling .
spotted lanternfly is new to north america . though a good deal of information is available , there are still a number of unknowns . in 2015 , efforts by pda and the other cooperating partners , researchers , and volunteers will need to be evaluated . egg mass scraping and the tree banding programs will remove many insects from the population and reduce the size of the current population , but these activities will also help to better characterize how the pest is behaving in this new environment . evaluation of methodology will lead to a stronger program as pda and its partners continue to battle the spotted lanternfly .
a new invasive pest – spotted lanternfly , lycorma delicatula - has been found for the first time in the u . s . ( pennsylvania ) , and western - state growers should be aware of the insect and its host range which includes grapes and stone fruit in case the insect marches west .
damage adults and nymphs feed on phloem tissues of foliage and young stems with their piercing and sucking mouthparts and excrete large quantities of liquid . due to the sugar content of the liquid , plant parts covered with spotted lanternfly excretion harbor mold growth which could hinder plant growth or even result in death .
damage adults and nymphs feed on phloem tissues of foliage and young stems with their piercing and sucking mouthparts and excrete large quantities of liquid . due to the sugar content of the liquid , plant parts covered with spotted lanternfly excretion harbor mold growth , which could hinder plant growth or even cause death .
but rich blair , owner of blair vineyards in kutztown , says the spotted lanternflies he first discovered on his property two years ago have multiplied exponentially .
refer to the spotted lantern fact sheet and if found on your property , call the bad bug hotline at 1 - 866 - 253 - 7189 .
observations in south korea suggests that spotted lanternfly appears to have a wider host range early in life as young nymphs , and a narrow range as they grow older , especially before egg laying . choosing plants with toxic metabolites for egg laying is thought to be a mechanism of defense to protect from natural enemies .
as the spotted lanternfly was only recently introduced to north america , little is known about the extent of damage that it will cause . although it is too early to make accurate predictions on actual economic impacts , the wine and grape , tender fruit , apple , and forestry industries are at the greatest risk .
call seitz brothers of course ! we have been dealing with the spotted lanternfly for over a year now ! with a free estimate and inspection our trained technicians will be able to help you design a plan to kill these pests . call or text today to set up a free estimate 888 - 467 - 1008
harrisburg , pa - the pennsylvania department of agriculture has added 21 municipalities in berks , bucks , lehigh , montgomery and northampton counties to the areas quarantined due to the presence of the invasive insect spotted lanternfly . the quarantine was already in effect for parts of those five counties , as well as chester county .
the spotted lanternfly is a plant hopper native to china , india and vietnam , and has been introduced in south korea and japan . in korea , where it was first detected in 2004 , the spotted lanternfly is known utilize more than 70 species , 25 of which also occur in pennsylvania , including cultivated grapes , fruit trees , and hardwood species . this pest poses a significant threat to the state’s more than $ 20 . 5 million grape , nearly $ 134 million apple , and more than $ 24 million stone fruit industries , as well as the hardwood industry in pennsylvania which accounts for $ 12 billion in sales .
the article says “at least three different forms of pesticide are currently known to be useful against the adult lanternfly” . what are those three different forms of pesticides ?
the spotted lanternfly has officially arrived in the u . s . , and leaders in pennsylvania are hoping it won ' t be staying long . the invasive pest poses a threat to fruit orchards and grape vines , along with forests and the timber industry . it was detected in berks county , northwest of philadelphia .
in addition , through the efforts of the technical working group , several important questions are being investigated . these include testing the effects of chipping woody material on spotted lanternfly egg mass survivorship , the effects of various existing pesticides on immature life stages , and the attractiveness of certain plant volatiles for use in trapping programs .
montgomery county : douglass township , upper hanover township , new hanover township , west pottsgrove township , lower pottsgrove township , marlborough township , and upper frederick township , upper pottsgrove township , limerick township , upper providence township , lower frederick township , upper salford township , east greenville borough , pennsburg borough , red hill borough , royersford borough , pottstown borough , and telford borough . the quarantine may be expanded to new areas as further detections of the spotted lanternfly are detected and confirmed . intentional movement of the spotted lanternfly is expressly prohibited and is a serious offense . violations could result in criminal or civil penalties and / or fines .
native to northern china , the spotted lanternfly has spread to other parts of asia , notably korea and japan . it has caused considerable damage in those countries , which is why state authorities in berks county , pennsylvania quarantined five townships and issued an alert document to help people identify the pest . the pennsylvania department of agriculture removed more than 100 , 000 of the insects in 2015 alone , according to dr . dara’s paper . the adults are easy to catch because they seldom fly off when approached , preferring to hop away . based in california , dr . dara’s focus on the spotted lanternfly is partly motivated by its potential threat to vineyards .
and it ' s feeding , see it ' s ( mumbles ) right into the abdomen of this lanternfly it has killed and it ' s eating the content .
spotted lanternfly is native to northern china ( liu 1939 ) . it was first detected as an exotic species in south korea in 2004 , and has since rapidly spread to different parts of that country ( kim and kim 2005 ) . more recently , individuals have been detected in japan ( kim et al . 2013 ) .
last year , an invasive pest known as the spotted lanternfly was found in the united states for the first time ever in berks county , pennsylvania . tucked away in pennsylvania dutch country , berks county may seem an unlikely location to find a foreign pest , but with today’s global economy unwanted pests can show up almost anywhere .
adults can be seen as early as the middle of july and take on a much different appearance . adults at rest have a black head and grayish wings with black spots . the tips of the wings are a combination of black rectangular blocks with grey outlines . when startled or flying the spotted lanternfly will display hind wings that are red at the base and black at the tip with a white stripe dividing them . the red portion of the wing is also adorned with black spots . the abdomen is bright to pale yellow with bands of black on the top and bottom surfaces . while a poor flyer , the spotted lanternfly is a strong jumper .
i live near ground zero for lantern fly introduction and am seeing an explosion of preying mantis and have observed them eating lanternfly… . . just one more avenue of research… .
spotted lanternfly feeds on a variety of host plants including vines , fruit trees , ornamental trees , and woody trees . apples , birch , cherry , dogwood , grapes , korean evodia , lilac , maple , poplar , stone fruits , and tree - of - heaven are among more than 70 species of hosts attacked by the pest .
the scout motto is the best advice for pest managers who want to establish a first line of defense against problematic invasive insects even before they become established , according to dr . surendra dara , an ipm and crop advisor at the university of california . “be prepared , ” is what he and his co - authors suggest in a paper published in the journal of integrated pest management on possible tactics to manage the invasive spotted lanternfly ( lycorma delicatula ) , which was detected last year in pennsylvania . pest managers who ignore reports of a new invasive species such as the spotted lanternfly because it is not yet established in their locale do so at their own peril , he said .
the scout motto is the best advice for pest managers who want to establish a first line of defense against problematic invasive insects even before they become established , according to dr . surendra dara , an ipm and crop advisor at the university of california . “be prepared , ” is what he and his co - authors suggest in a paper published in the journal of integrated pest management on possible tactics to manage the invasive spotted lanternfly ( lycorma delicatula ) , which was detected last year in pennsylvania . pest managers who ignore reports of a new invasive species such as the spotted lanternfly because it is not yet established in their locale do so at their own peril , he said .
in korea , where the spotted lanternfly is an introduced pest , the insect has been found to attack at least 65 plant species , 25 of which are known to grow in pennsylvania . state agriculture officials say it has been observed in berks county both feeding and mating and has been found on willow , maple , aspen and tulip poplar .


dissolophodes is a genus of moth in the family geometridae .

it contains only one species , dissolophodes curvimacula , which is found in new guinea .

dissolophodes

this is the place for dissolophodes definition . you find here dissolophodes meaning , synonyms of dissolophodes and images for dissolophodes copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word dissolophodes . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word dissolophodes and , of course , dissolophodes synonyms and on the right images related to the word dissolophodes .
parsons et al . ( 1999 ) included only 1 species in the genus dissolophodes .
genus : dissolophodes warren , 1907 . novit . zool . 14 : 155 . [ bhl ]
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
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type - species : tephroclystia curvimacula warren , 1906 . novit . zool . 13 : 129 . [ bhl ]
type specimens : type ( s ) new guinea : [ papua new guinea ] , angabunga river , ( ? depository ) . .
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a number of errors have been located in the treatment of the sterrhinae and larentiinae in part 10 , and also some comments are made on material that came to hand when the text was virtually complete . the following are typographical errors :
paratypes should be 3 , 1 as holotype ; 3 , 3 as holotype but site 25 ; 1 as holotype but site 7 .
is misspelt galastis ( also on pp . 215 , 229 and plate and figure legends ) .
warren ( chloroclystis ) and a . thaumasta prout ( chloroclystis ) should be added as new combinations .
the specimen tentatively identified as a female of scopula pallidiceps warren is illustrated in plate 7 of this volume .
the phthonoloba species taken by herbulot is illustrated in plate 8 and fig 312 of this volume . more material is needed to enable it to be described .
a synonym of eupithystis infuscata warren was not listed . it is tephroclystia foedatipennis warren ( 1901 , novit . zool . 8 : 32 )
a strongly marked female of this form of the variable s . usta prout was taken on the slopes of g . kinabalu ( colln herbulot ) . the forewing fasciation is more grey - green than in typical specimens , with a strongly blackened medial band . the male genitalia are as in usta .
walker , 1862 , list specimens lepid . insects colln br . mus . , 27 : 21 .
the wings are fasciated greenish - grey on pale grey as illustrated . the strong antemedial of the forewing and the rather dentate central part of the hindwing postmedial are distinctive .
the slender valves , well - developed saccus , single cornutus of the aedeagus in the male genitalia of this species and its close australian relative , g . bryodes turner comb . n . , suggest placement in gymnoscelis . g . fragilis warren comb n . ( new guinea ) has the same facies type and is also probably related .
sri lanka , india , hong kong , peninsular malaysia , borneo , java , and possibly the philippines and sulawesi ( not dissected ) .
the only bornean specimen is a female in colln herbulot from kundasang at 1200m on the southern slopes of g . kinabalu .
prout was consistently misspelt percrinata ( pp . 81 , 283 , 304 ) .
yazaki ( 1994 , moths of nepal 3 : 23 ) placed pogonopygia xanthura prout as a synonym of p . pavida bastelberger ( himalaya , taiwan , japan ) .
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marionia levis is a species of dendronotid nudibranch .

it is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family tritoniidae and is found in shallow water in the red sea and indian ocean .

marionia levis

what type of species is marionia levis ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the marionia levis species belongs to .
which photographers have photos of marionia levis species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species marionia levis .
how to identify marionia levis marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species marionia levis . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species marionia levis are marked in green .
where is marionia levis found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species marionia levis can be found .
hi bill , concerning the message on marionia levis from mombasa [ # 13785 ] : i attached a photo of what i believe to be a marionia levis from the red sea . i ' m not sure though . these nudis are very common around here lately .
which taxonomic groups does the genus marionia belong to and what are the different marionia species ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the genus marionia belongs to and the taxonomic tree with all the different species .
dear bill , concerning the message [ # 13785 ] about marionia levis , here is one from eilat , israel , we get to see it from time to time .
hi bill , as you requested [ message # 13830 ] , here is a photo of marionia levis on its food coral - the soft coral formerly known as parerythropodium fulvum .
tritoniid nudibranchs similar to this description are quite common in our area . if they are all marionia levis , that will clear up a big question for a lot of us .
upper : eliot ( 1904 ) , original illustration of marionia levis . plate 4 , fig . 4 . lower : eilat bay , israel , red sea . photographer : oren lederman
a new species of marionia ( opisthobranchia : nudibranchia : tritoniidae ) from the tropical south atlan . . .
dear valérie , this is marionia levis . nathalie yonow ( 2000 ) reported on an animal from the red sea but apart from that little is known of it . it was originally described from est africa . best wishes , bill rudman
. . . this new species can be distinguished readily from other species of marionia based on coloration . for instance , marionia cyanobranchiata ( rü ppell and leuckart , 1828 ) , and m . platyctenea ( willan , 1988 ) have dark green brown or black gills . marionia distincta bergh , 1905 , m . levis eliot , 1904 , m . elongoreticulata smith and gosliner , 2007 , and m . elongoviridis smith and gosliner , 2007 , have transverse light or dark lines on the dorsum . . . .
( of marioniopsis fulvicola avila , kelman , kashman & benahayu , 1999 ) rudman , w . b . ( 2005 ) . marionia levis eliot , 1904 . [ in ] sea slug forum . australian museum , sydney . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
which are the most common photographed marionia species ? below , you will find the list of species commonly photographed by underwater photographers .
dear valérie and bill , when i saw your message [ # 13785 ] about marionia levis , it reminded me of a lot about the animals i photographed in mayotte , the comoros , 2 years ago . until now i considered them as unnamed species , but i would be happy to put a name on these guys . bill , do you think they fit this species too ?
on the recent taxonomy see worms : molluscabase ( 2018 ) . marionia vayssière , 1877 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 138579 on 2018 - 05 - 07 -
i have been surprised by the almost immediate deluge of message concerning the tritoniid which i have identified as marionia levis [ # 13785 , # 13832 , # 13830 , # 13809 ] . by coincidence , i have a manuscript in preparation discussing the identity of this species and was planning to leave the discussion of a nomenclatural problem until that was published , but now that the species has attracted such interest it seems silly not to discuss it here .
. . . within the family tritoniidae , marionia is the only genus with the digestive gland divided into two distinct masses . marioniopsis , t ritonia , paratritonia , t ritoniella , and t ritoniopsis possess one single mass in the digestive gland ( odhner , 1934 , 1936 , 1963 ; willan , 1988 ) . furthermore , marionia and marioniopsis are the only two genera with hard stomach plates ( odhner , 1934 , 1936 , 1963 ) . . . .
. . . avila et al . ( 1999 ) focused on the genus marioniopsis and a new species ; jensen ( 1994 ) went further and added the data for marionia , along with a new species . smith & gosliner ( 2005 , 2007 ) added newly described species and paratritonia lutea . we have combined the available data in an updated table of the species of marionia , marioniopsis , paratritonia and our proposed species ( table 1 ) . . . .
. . . usually they feed on a single species of soft corals or gorgonians ( smith and gosliner 2003 ) . within the family tritoniidae , marionia is the only genus with the digestive gland divided into two distinct masses , while marioniopsis , tritonia , paratritonia , tritoniella and tritoniopsis possess one single mass in the digestive gland ( odhner 1934 , 1936 , 1963 ; willan 1988 ) . our specimens possess only one digestive gland mass , and thus , the genus marionia was discarded . . . .
however there are some a major differences in the internal anatomy . for example the radular formula of m . levis is approx 47 x 80 + 1 . 1 . 1 . + 80 and m . fulvicola is 40 x 42 + 1 . 1 . 1 + 42 . another difference are the number of gizzard / stomach plates , approximately 30 in m . fulvicola and approx 150 in m . levis . the benayahu specimens i have looked at match the anatomical description of avila et . al . it would seem there are either two species , very similar externally , but quite different internally , or that eliot ' s description of the internal anatomy is wrong .
. . . so far the species is known only from the intertidal zone . d i s c u s s i o n tables comparing characters of the internal anatomy and morphology of marioniopsis , marionia and paratritonia were presented in four papers ( jensen , 1994 ; avila et al . , 1999 ; smith & gosliner , 2005 , 2007 ) . avila et al . ( 1999 ) focused on the genus marioniopsis and a new species ; jensen ( 1994 ) went further and added the data for marionia , along with a new species . . . .
. . . within the genus marioniopsis , eight valid species exist , none of which have the characteristics of our specimens ( tables 2 and 3 ) . six of the described species possess a warty dorsal surface , while only m . levis ( eliot , 1904 ) , m . platyctenea willan , 1988 , and our species have a smooth surface . the species with warty dorsal surface di er from m . fulvicola sp . . . .
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western indian ocean [ comoro ids , tanzania , kenya , red sea ] .
originally described from east africa , there are reports now on the forum from much of the tropical western indian ocean . in a separate message [ # 13842 ] i discuss why marioniopsis fulvicola avila , kelman , kashman & benayahu , 1999 , described from eilat , red sea is a synonym .
avila , c . , kelman , d . , kashman , y . , and benayahu , y . ( 1999 ) an association between a dendronotid nudibranch ( mollusca , opisthobranchia ) and a soft coral ( octocorallia , alcyonaria ) from the red sea . journal of natural history 33 : 1433 - 1449 .
eliot , c . n . e . ( 1904 ) on some nudibranchs from east africa and zanzibar . part v . proceedings of the zoological society of london , 1904 ( 2 ) : 83 - 105 , pls . 3 - 4 .
yonow , n . ( 2000 ) red sea opisthobranchia 4 : the orders cephalaspidea , anaspidea , notaspidea and nudibranchia : dendronotacea and aeolidacea . fauna of arabia , 18 : 87 - 131 .
eliot , c . n . e . ( 1904 ) . on some nudibranchs from east africa and zanzibar , part v . proceedings of the zoological society of london . 2 ( 83 ) , 3 - 4 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of marioniopsis fulvicola avila , kelman , kashman & benahayu , 1999 ) avila , kelman , kashman & benahayu ( 1999 ) . j . of natural history 33 ( 10 ) : 1433 - 1449 [ details ]
to barcode of life ( 1 barcode ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 3 publications ) to encyclopedia of life ( from synonym marioniopsis fulvicola avila , kelman , kashman & benahayu , 1999 ) to encyclopedia of life to genbank ( 3 nucleotides ; 2 proteins ) to sea slug forum ( via archive . org )
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eliot , c . n . e . ( 1904 ) . on some nudibranchs from east africa and zanzibar , part v . < em > proceedings of the zoological society of london . < / em > 2 ( 83 ) , 3 - 4 .
eliot , c . n . e . ( 1904 ) on some nudibranchs from east africa and zanzibar , part v : proceedings of the zoological society of london . 2 ( 83 ) , 3 - 4
the colour of the body ranges from grey to brown or green and there is a pattern of dark brown transverse lines across the mantle . the up to 9 gills are arranged in pairs , the first pair exending out almost horizontally , the next pair stading vertically , and the rest in alternating position the gills coloration is not uniform , variable in color , in the shade of dark green , dark purple . . . but always darker than the notum the bases of the gills and rhinophores and the oral veil were spotted with dark brown the mantle edge is clearly delineated by a small ridge usually outline in white
there are sometimes white lines or rows of white dots across the mantle . there is usually a similar colour pattern on the sides of the body .
there are colour forms to match the variable colour of the soft coral on which they are found . this colour match , and their gills , which look remarkably like the extended polyps of the soft coral , make them extremely well camouflaged .
avila , c . , kelman , d . , kashman , y . , and benayahu , y . ( 1999 ) an association between a dendronotid nudibranch ( mollusca , opisthobranchia ) and a soft coral ( octocorallia , alcyonaria ) from the red sea . journal of natural history 33 : 1433 - 1449 . eliot , c . n . e . ( 1904 ) on some nudibranchs from east africa and zanzibar . part v . proceedings of the zoological society of london , 1904 ( 2 ) : 83 - 105 , pls . 3 - 4 . yonow , n . ( 2000 ) red sea opisthobranchia 4 : the orders cephalaspidea , anaspidea , notaspidea and nudibranchia : dendronotacea and aeolidacea . fauna of arabia , 18 : 87 - 131 .
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. . . the last quarter century have seen the number increase further with the descriptions of new species ( rudman , 1982 , 1983 , 1986 , 1987a , 1987b , 1990 ; willan , 1988 ; miller & willan , 1986 ) . intensive intertidal and subtidal field work by the writer and colleagues , and deeper water survey work in bass strait by museum victoria , have revealed additional new records and new species . . . .
more than 100 morphological , anatomical and histological characters pertaining to the nudibranchia are discussed in the course of a phylogenetic analysis . based on our own investigations on anatomy , histology and published literature , the polarity of each character is assessed by comparing its expression with outgroups , chiefly the pleurobranchoidea , but also with other opisthobranch taxa . . . [ show full abstract ]
desde que as últimas listas dos gastrópodos eutineuros da costa brasileira foram publicadas , o número de espécies , nomeadamente o dos opistobrânquios , aumentou consideràvelmente . por outro lado , algumas espécies foram reconhecidas como idênticas a outras enumeradas , e certas espécies tinham entrado no catálogo da malacofauna brasileira , porque as suas procedências , p . e . abrolhos , flores , st . . . . [ show full abstract ]
hypselodoris jacksoni , a new species from the south - western pacific ocean ( nudibranchia : chromodorid . . .
a new species of hypselodoris ( chromodorididae ) is described from the subtropical and temperate south - western pacific ocean ( eastern australia , lord howe island , norfolk island ) . the colouration of hypselodoris jacksoni sp . nov . is distinctive , though highly variable intraspecifically . hypselodoris jacksoni belongs to the indo - pacific hypselodoris clade ( for which the key synapomorphy is a . . . [ show full abstract ]
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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fabricius and alderslade ' s book
soft corals and sea fans
( published in 2001 by aims ) has a very similar picture on page 88 ( and thanks to my friend dr . jacob dafni for bringing that to my attention ) . according to the text , all species of parerythropodium were reclassifed in rhytisma ( alderslade , 2000 ) .
locality : eilat , lighthouse beach , israel . red sea ( gulf of eilat ) . depth : 9 m . length : ca . 1 cm . 25 may 2005 ( night ) . corals and rubble . photographer : binyamin and shulamit koretz
dear binyamin , thanks for this - wouldn ' t life be wonderful if all requests were answered so dutifully ! is this a soft coral that has its polyps extended at night or during the day ? why i ask is that a specimen i was sent of this species some years ago had its gut packed full of polyps , each of which had been neatly cut off at the base of the stalk . this species apparently feeds only on extended polyps . best wishes , bill rudman
locality : eilat , israel . red sea . depth : 27 m . length : 5 cm . 2 may 2004 . photographer : ilan ben tov
one complication i think worth mentioning is the degree of variation in color and pattern , which has led me to wonder whether we ' re seeing 1 , 2 or 3 species , although the gills are similarly patterned among most of them , and there may be examples that can ' t be easily sorted out .
the most common variation is whitish with purple lines and a clear demarcation of the dorsum . another fairly common type is quite greenish top and bottom , often with a cross - hatch pattern . the third type is quite reddish with white speckling , and with a bright white underside . i ' ve attached one example from each type for illustration .
locality : eilat , israel , red sea . all depths . length : up to 3 cm . various dates . all types of locality . photographer : binyamin and shulamit koretz
as i discuss in a separate message [ # 13842 ] , this species was described from eilat , as a new species , quite recently . it wouold be interesting to try and get some photos of it on its host soft coral .
locality : ' bouzi ' , m ' sapéré , mayotte island , comoro ids , indian ocean . depth : 10 m . lengths : upper - 27 - 30mm ; lower left - 29 mm ; lower right - 27 - 30 mm . 12 november 2003 . night dive . photos : marina poddubetskaia
i stopped taking photos of this species months ago , so i don ' t remember the exact place , date , and depth for this one . sorry .
dear oren , thanks for this record . from it and the other messages i am posting today you can see it is quite variable in colour , but there are always transverse brown lines across the back and often dark brown specks on the gill stalks . some appear to be narrower than others , but i assume that it a question of what position they are in when photographed . best wishes , bill rudman
dear bill , during a stay in kenya ( march 2005 ) , i ' ve saw this sea slug that i couldn ' t identify : is it a tritonidae ? ? ? diani , mombasa south , kenya , 14 march 2005 , size 5 cm , depth 15m , coral reef . photo : valérie besnard thank you very much for your help ! best regards , valérie
side ( figure 8 ) . the stomach is small , less than 0 . 5 cm
14 july 1683 ( bertsch , 2011 ) ; no ruins are known to exist .
. , j . l . 1935 . the first pacific conchologist . the nautilus
eusebio kino , s . j . : faith , maps , sea shells and mission
a new species of tritonia from okinawa . ( mollusca : nudibranchia ) and its association with a gorgonian octocoral
diversidad y distribución de los gasterópodos opistobranquios del océano atlántico . un enfoque biogeográfico global
description of the first tritoniid nudibranch found feeding on a zoanthid anthozoan , with a prelimin . . .
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my phd work explores the evolutionary relationships of two marine gastropod groups using molecular phylogenetics . i will employ a transcriptome - based exon - capture approach to generate a phylogeny a…
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this project aims to understand how molecular homology and multiple sequence alignment effect doridina phylogenetic estimates . we will estimate molecular phylogenies of the nudibranch suborder do…
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we anticipate that dermatobranchus represents both specialised and generalist feeders and contains greater cryptic diversity than what is previously described . this project aims to confirm whether …
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this project investigates the role of ecology and natural selection in driving the formation of new species , a process known as ecological speciation . specifically , it examines how corals play a ro…
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systematics and preliminary phylogeny of bornellidae ( mollusca : nudibranchia : dendronotina ) based on . . .
mistaken identities : on the discordoridae genera hoplodoris and carminodoris ( opsithobranchia : nudib . . .
systematics and preliminary phylogeny of bornellidae ( mollusca : nudibranchia : dendronotina ) based on . . .
in this study all available species of the nudibranch family bornellidae ( bornella gray , 1850 , pseudobornella baba , 1932 ) are re - examined anatomically and their status re - evaluated . of these , b . hancockana kelaart , 1859 syn . nov . , b . arborescens pease , 1871 syn . nov . , b . caledonica crosse , 1875a syn . nov . , and b . marmorata collingwood , 1881 syn . nov . are considered to be new synonyms of b . . . . [ show full abstract ]
phylogenetic systematics of okenia , sakishmaia , hopkinsiella and hopkinsia ( nudibranchia : goniodorid . . .
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cfm script by , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by kbanasihan , 06 / 28 / 2010
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