calappa hepatica is a common benthic species of box crab of tropical and subtropical parts of the indian and pacific oceans and the red sea .

calappa hepatica

jennifer hammock split the classifications by obis environmental information from calappa hepatica ( linnaeus , 1758 ) to their own page .
species name : calappa hepatica ( linnaeus , 1758 ) identification key length of carapace rather more than half of its extreme width ; clypeiform expansions with broad teeth . carapace covered with rounded tubercles on the anterior two thirds . synonymy
monod , t . , 1928 . les calappa de la côte occidentale d ' afrique . bulletin de la société des sciences naturelles du maroc , 8 ( 4 - 6 ) : 109 - 127 , 13 figs .
delivering alien invasive species inventories for europe ( daisie ) to barcode of life ( 2 barcodes ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 75 publications ) to biological information system for marine life ( bismal ) ( from synonym cancer hepatica linnaeus , 1758 ) to biological information system for marine life ( bismal ) to encyclopedia of life to genbank ( 1 nucleotides ; 1 proteins ) to marine species identification portal to usnm invertebrate zoology arthropoda collection ( 18 records ) to usnm invertebrate zoology arthropoda collection ( 2 records ) ( from synonym calappa spinosissima h . milne edwards , 1837 ) to itis
( of cancer hepatica linnaeus , 1758 ) linnaeus , c . ( 1758 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata . laurentius salvius : holmiae . ii , 824 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
galil , b . s . , 1997a . crustacea decapoda : a revision of the indo - pacific species of the genus calappa weber , 1795 ( calappidae ) . in : a . crosnier ( ed . ) , résultats des campagnes musorstom , volume 19 . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , paris , 176 : 271 - 335 , figs 1 - 35 .
guinot , d . ( 1967 ) . la faune carcinologique ( crustacea brachyura ) de l ' ocean indien occidental et de la mer rouge . catalogue , remarques bibliographiques et biobliographie . bull . inst . fondamental d ' afrique noire ( ifan ) . 237 - 252 . [ details ]
zenetos , a . , m . e . çinar , m . a . pancucci - papadopoulou , j . g . harmelin , g . furnari , f . andaloro , n . bellou , n . streftaris & h . zibrowius . ( 2005 ) . annotated list of marine alien species in the mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species . mediterranean marine science 6 ( 2 ) : 63 - 118 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
zenetos , a . ; gofas , s . ; verlaque , m . ; cinar , m . ; garcia raso , j . ; bianchi , c . ; morri , c . ; azzurro , e . ; bilecenoglu , m . ; froglia , c . ; siokou , i . ; violanti , d . ; sfriso , a . ; san martin , g . ; giangrande , a . ; katagan , t . ; ballesteros , e . ; ramos - espla , a . ; mastrototaro , f . ; ocana , o . ; zingone , a . ; gambi , m . ; streftaris , n . ( 2010 ) . alien species in the mediterranean sea by 2010 . a contribution to the application of european union’s marine strategy framework directive ( msfd ) . part i . spatial distribution . mediterranean marine science . 11 ( 2 ) : 381 - 493 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
katsanevakis , s . ; bogucarskis , k . ; gatto , f . ; vandekerkhove , j . ; deriu , i . ; cardoso a . s . ( 2012 ) . building the european alien species information network ( easin ) : a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data . bioinvasions records . 1 : 235 - 245 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
ni ih . & qian py . ( 1999 ) . study on the suitability of shelter island area to be established as marine park or marine reserve . final report . submitted to the agriculture , fisheries & conservation department , the hong kong sar government . [ details ]
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ng , p . k . l . , eldredge , l . g . & evenhuis , n . l . 2011 ,
the names of decapod and stomatopod crustacea from tahiti , french polynesia , established by anthony curtis in 1938 and 1944
, zootaxa , vol . 3099 , pp . 43 - 56
eydoux , f . & souleyet , l . f . a . 1842 ,
crustacés
, ed . eydoux , f . ( ed . ) , voyage autour du monde exécuté pendant les années 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette ' la bonite ' , commandée par m . vaillant . zoologie , vol . 1 , no . 2 , pp . 219 - 272 , bertrand , paris
milne edwards , h . 1837 , vol . 2 , pp . 532 pp . , atlas 32 pp . , 42 pls , libraire encyclopedique de roret , paris
curtiss , a . 1938 , pp . i - xvi , 193 pp . , self - published , new york
linnaeus , c . 1758 ,
cancer
, ed . linnaeus , c . , systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundem classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentis , synonymis , locis . tom . 1 editio decima , reformata , pp . pp . 625 - 634 , laurentii salvii , holmiae
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 930e799b - 68f6 - 4d02 - 977d - 936ead5c20d8
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a21dc265 - 0d09 - 4452 - 8594 - 5b005d75d51a
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a64606ed - 670a - 4c2f - 9401 - e433fc7d883a
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : bbb3f1f0 - 8fc8 - 4c02 - b5c3 - e3fdff0b2f5a
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 309188
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one specimen
taken at hulule , male atoll and in minikoi lagoon down to 5 fathoms .
( borradaile , 1903 )
: interesting ! looking at the close - up now . how can you tell ?
this must be a male crab , since the the central plate is slender and narrow . in addition , it has been tapering towards the mouth area ! !
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simple , without subdistal accessory teeth at their outer side , median emargination shallow . the longitudinal septum of the prolongated portion of the
) ; tuamotu archipelago - takaroa , s . marutea , gambier island , and mururoa (
: 275 ( key ) , 296 , figs 10e - f , 13e - f , 14 , 31 . - -
alcock , a . & a . r . s . anderson , 1894b . natural history notes from h . m . indian marine survey steamer investigator . ser . ii , no . 17 . list of the shore and shallow - water brachyura collected during the season 1893 - 1894 . journal of the asiatic society of bengal , 63 , part 2 ( 4 ) : 197 - 209 .
alcock , a . w . , 1896 . materials for a carcinological fauna of india . no . 2 . the brachyura oxystomata . journal of the asiatic society of bengal , 65 , part2 ( 2 ) : 134 - 296 , pls 6 - 8 .
andré , m . , 1931 . crustacés décapodes provenant de l ' institut océanographique de nha - trang ( annam ) . 1 . brachyura . bulletin du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , paris , ( 2 ) 3 ( 7 ) : 638 - 650 .
balss , h . , 1915 . die decapoden des roten meeres . ii . anomuren , dromiaceen und oxystomen . in : expeditionen s . m . schiff pola in das rote meer . nördliche und südliche hälfte 1895 / 96 - 1897 / 98 . zoologische ergebnisse . vol . xxxi . denkschriften der kaiserlichen akademie der wissenschaften zu wien , mathematisch - naturwissenschaftliche klasse , 92 ( 10 ) : 1 - 20 , figs 1 - 9 .
balss , h . , 1922b . ostasiatische decapoden iii . die dromiaceen , oxystomen und parthenopiden . archiv für naturgeschichte , 88a ( 3 ) : 104 - 140 , figs 1 - 9 . ( in german )
balss , h . , 1938a . die dekapoda brachyura von dr . sixten bock ' s pazifik expedition 1917 - 1918 . göteborges kungliga vetenskaps - och vitterhets - samhälles handlingar , ser . b , 5 ( 7 ) : 1 - 85 , figs 1 - 18 , pls 1 - 2 .
barnard , k . h . , 1950 . descriptive catalogue of south african decapod crustacea ( crabs and shrimps ) . annals of the south african museum , 38 : 1 - 837 , figs 1 - 154 .
boone , l . , 1934 . crustacea : stomatopoda and brachyura . scientific results of the world cruise of the yacht alva , 1931 , william k . vanderbilt , commanding . bulletin of the vanderbilt marine museum , 5 : 1 - 210 , pls 1 - 109 .
boone , l . , 1938 . marine algae , coelenterata , annelida , echinodermata , crustacea , mollusca . scientific results of the world cruise of the yachts ara 1928 - 1929 , and alva 1931 - 1932 , alva mediterranean cruise 1933 , and alva south american cruise 1935 , william k . vanderbilt , commanding . bulletin of the vanderbilt marine museum , 7 ( 5 ) , 372 pp , 152 pls . ( 197 - 281 pp , pls 72 - 109 for systematic discussion crustacea ) .
borradaile , l . a . , 1903a . marine crustaceans . iv . some remarks on the classification of the crabs . v . the crabs of the catometope families . vi . the sand crabs ( oxystomata ) . vii . the barnacles . in : j . s . gardiner ( ed . ) , the fauna and geography of the maldive and laccadive archipelagoes , being the account of the work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900 , 1 ( 4 ) : 424 - 443 , pls 22 . ( 1 ( 4 ) : 424 - 429 , fig . 110 ; 1 ( 4 ) : 429 - 433 , figs 111 - 114 ; 1 ( 4 ) : 434 - 439 , figs 115 - 117 , pl . 22 . ) [ 1903 / i ]
bosc , l . a . g . , 1802 . histoire naturelle des crustacés , contenant leur description et leurs moeurs , avec figures dessinées d ' après nature , 2 : 1 - 296 , pls 9 - 18 . paris .
bosc , l . a . g . , 1828 - 1830 . manuel de l ' histoire naturelle des crustacés , contenant leur description et leurs moeurs ; avec figures dessinées d ' après nature . edition mise au niveau des connaissances actuelles par a . g . desmarest , 1 : 1 - 328 , pls 1 - 9 ; 2 : 1 - 306 , 13 pls . paris .
bouvier , e . l . , 1915b . décapodes marcheurs ( reptantia ) et stomatopodes recueillis à l ' île maurice par m . paul carié . bulletin scientifique de la france et de la belgique , sér . 7 , 48 ( 3 ) : 178 - 318 ( 1 - 141 ) , figs 1 - 42 , pls 4 - 7 . [ 1915 / v ]
brito - capello , f . de , 1871a . algunas especies novas ou pouco conhecidas de crustaceos pertencentes aos generos callappa e telphusa . jornal de sciências mathematicas , physicas , e naturaes , publicado sob ob auspicos da academia real das sciências de lisboa , 3 : 128 - 134 , pl . 2 , figs 1 - 42 .
brocchi , m . , 1875 . recherches sur les organes génitaux mâles des crustacés décapodes . annales des sciences naturelles , zoologie , paris , ( 6 ) 2 : 1 - 131 , pls 13 - 19 .
buitendijk , a . m . , 1939 . biological results of the snellius expedition . v . the dromiacea , oxystomata and oxyrhyncha of the snellius expedition . temminckia , 4 : 223 - 276 , figs 1 - 27 , pls 7 - 11 .
calman , w . t . , 1900 . on a collection of brachyura from torres straits . transactions of the linnean society of london , ( zool . ) , ( 2 ) 8 ( 1 ) : 1 - 50 , pls 1 - 3 . [ 1900 / ix ]
cano , g . , 1889 . crostacei brachiuri ed anomuri raccolti nel viaggio della r . corvetta vettor pisani attorno al globo . bollettino della societá di naturalisti in napoli , ( 1 ) 3 : 79 - 105 , 169 - 269 , pl . 7 .
chang , c . m . , 1963 . a check list of taiwan crabs with descriptions of 19 new records . tunghai journal , taichung , 5 ( 2 ) : 95 - 118 , figs 1 - 10 , pls 1 - 2 .
chen , h . , 1975 . studies on the crabs of xisha islands , guandong provence , china . i . studia marina sinica , 10 : 157 - 179 , figs 1 - 12 , pls 1 - 3 . ( in chinese with english summary . )
chen , h . , 1993b . the calappidae ( crustacea : brachyura ) of chinese waters . in : b . morton ( ed . ) , the marine biology of the south china sea . proceedings of the first international conference on the marine biology of hong kong and the south chine sea : 675 - 704 .
chopra , b . n . & k . n . das , 1937 . further notes on crustacea decapoda in the indian museum . ix . on three collections of crabs from tavoy and mergui archipelago . record of the indian museum , calcutta , 39 ( 4 ) : 377 - 434 , figs 1 - 21 , pl . 6 .
curtiss , a . , 1938 . a short zoology of tahiti . in : the society islands , guide printing company , new york : xvi + 193 pp .
dai , a . & s . yang , 1991 . crabs of the china seas , i - iv , 1 - 608 , figs 1 - 295 , pls 1 - 74 . china ocean press , beijing and springer - verlag , berlin heidelberg new york tokyo , english edition . ( translation from chinese original 1986 . )
dai , a . , s . yang , y . song & g . chen , 1986 . crabs of chinese seas , i - iv , 1 - 642 , figs 1 - 295 , pls 1 - 74 . ocean press , beijing . ( in chinese . )
dana , j . d . , 1852c . crustacea . united states exploring expedition during the years 1838 , 1839 , 1840 , 1841 , 1842 , under the command of charles wilkes , u . s . n . , 13 ( pt . 1 ) : i - viii , 1 - 685 , pl . 8 .
dawydoff , m . c . , 1952 . contribution à l ' étude des invertébrés de la faune marine benthique de l ' indochine . bulletin biologique de la france et de la belgique , supplément , 37 : 1 - 158 .
de haan , w . , 1833 - 1849 . crustacea . in : ph . f . von siebold , fauna japonica sive descriptio animalium , quae in itinere per japoniam , jussu et auspiciis superiorum , qui summum in india batava imperium tenent , suscepto , annis 1823 - 1830 collegit , notis , observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit : ix - xvi , i - xxi , vii - xvii , 1 - 243 , pls a - j , l - q , 1 - 55 , circ . tab . 2 . ( for dates see sherborn & jentink , 1895 and holthuis , 1953 . )
de man , j . g . , 1880c . on some podophthalmous crustacea , presented to the leyden museum by mr . j . a . kruyt , collected in the red sea near the city of djeddah . notes from the leyden museum , 2 ( 21 ) : 171 - 185 . [ 1880 / vii ]
de man , j . g . , 1888d . bericht über die von herrn . dr . j . brock im indischen archipel gesammelten decapoden und stomatopoden . archiv für naturgeschichte , berlin , 53 ( pt . 1 ) : 289 - 600 , pls 11 - 22a .
de man , j . g . , 1896b . bericht über die von herrn schiffscapitän storm zu atjeh , an den westlichen küsten von malakka , borneo und celebes sowie in der java - see gegammelten decapoden und stomatopoden . theil iii . zoologische jahrbücher , abtheilung für systematik , geographie und biologie der thiere , 9 : 339 - 386 , figs 40 - 49 . [ 1896 / iv ]
de man , j . g . , 1902a . die von herrn professor kükenthal im indischen archipel gesammelten dekapoden und stomatopoden . in : w . kükenthal , ergebnisse einer zoologischen forschungsreise in den molukken und borneo , in aufträge der senckenberg . naturforsch . gesellschaft ausgeführt von dr . willy kükenthal . abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft , 25 ( 3 ) : 465 - 929 , pls 19 - 27 .
desmarest , a . g . , 1825 . considérations générales sur la classe des crustacés et description des espèces de ces animaux , qui vivent dans la mer , sur les côtes , ou dans les eaux douces de la france : i - xix , 1 - 446 , pls 1 - 56 , tabls 1 - 5 . f . g . levrault , paris & strasbourg , france .
edmondson , c . h . , 1923 . crustacea from palmyra and fanning islands . bulletin of the bernice p . bishop museum , honolulu , 5 : 1 - 43 , figs 1 - 3 , pls 1 - 2 .
estampador , e . p . , 1937 . a check list of philippine crustacean decapods . philippine journal of science , 62 ( 4 ) : 465 - 559 .
eydoux , f . & l . f . a . souleyet , 1842 . crustacés . in : voyage autour du monde exécuté pendant les années 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette la bonite , commandée par m . vaillant , capitaine de vaissear , zoologie , 1 ( 2 ) : 219 - 250 ; atlas , pls 1 - 3 . ( for dates of publication see sherborn & woodward , annals and magazine of natural history , ( 7 ) 7 ( 1901 ) : 391 . )
fabricius , j . c . , 1793 . entomologia systematica emendata et acuta . secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , adjectis synonymis , locis , observationibus , descriptionibus , 2 : i - viii , 1 - 519 , pls 1 - 8 . hafniae .
fabricius , j . c . , 1798 . supplementatum entomologiae systematicae , pp . 1 - 572 . hafniae , proft & storch .
filhol , h . , 1886 . catalogue des crustacés de la nouvelle - zélande , des îles auckland et campbell . in : recueil de mémoires , rapports et documents relatifs à l ' observation du passage de venus sur le soleil . mission de l ' île campbell . passage de vénus . mission de l ' ile campbell . rec . vénus ( zool . ) , 3 ( 2 ) : 349 - 510 ; 3 ( 4 ) , atlas , pls 38 - 55 .
forest , j . & d . guinot , 1961 . crustacés décapodes brachyoures de tahiti et des tuamotu . in : expédition française sur les récifs coralliens de la nouvelle calédonie . vol . préliminaire : i - xi , 1 - 195 , figs 1 - 178 , pls 1 - 18 , 7 maps , tabls 1 - 3 . éditions de la fondation singer - polignac .
garth , j . s . , 1965 . the brachyuran decapod crustaceans of clipperton island . proceedings of the california academy of sciences , 33 ( 1 ) : 1 - 46 , 26 figs .
gibbes , l . r . , 1850 . on the carcinological collections of the cabinets of natural history in the united states with an enumeration of the species contained therein , and descriptions of new species . proceedings of the third meeting of the american association for advancement of science , 3 : 167 - 201 .
gordon , i . , 1934 . crustacea brachyura . in : résultats scientifique du voyage aux indes orientales néerlandaises de ll . aa . rr . de prince et la princesse léopold de belgique . mémoires du musée royal d ' histoire naturelle de belgique , hors - série , 3 ( 15 ) : 1 - 78 , figs 1 - 37 .
grant , f . e . & a . r . mcculloch , 1906 . on a collection of crustacea from the port curtis district , queensland . proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , 31 ( 1 ) : 1 - 53 , figs 1 - 3 , pls 1 - 4 .
gravely , f . j . , 1927 . decapoda ( excl . paguridea ) and stomatopoda . in : the littoral fauna of the krusadai island in the gulf of manaar with appendices on the vertebrates and plants . bulletin of the madras government museum , 1 ( 1 ) : 135 - 155 , figs 1 - 2 , pls 19 - 26 .
gravier , c . , 1920a . sur une collection de crustacés recueillis à madagascar par le lieutenant décary . bulletin du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , paris , 26 ( 5 ) : 376 - 383 .
guérin - méneville , f . e . , 1829 - 1844 . crustacés . iconographie du règne animal de g . cuvier , ou représentation d ' après nature de l ' une des espèces les plus remarquables , et souvent non encore figurées , de chaque genre d ' animaux , avec un texte descriptif mis au courant de la science . ouvrage pouvant servir d ' atlas à tous les traités de zoologie ( crustacés ) : 1 - 48 , pls 1 - 35 . paris et londres . ( text ( 7 september 1844 ) , plate 1 ( 21 march 1829 ) , 2 ( 18 july 1829 ) , 3 ( 1831 ? - 1832 ) , 4 ( 1831 ? - 1837 ) , 5 ( 2 june 1832 ) , 6 ( 1831 ? - 1833 ) , 7 ( 1831 ? - 1834 ) , 8 ( 1831 ? - 1832 ) , 8bis , 9 ( 1831 ? - 1833 ) , 10 ( 2 june 1832 ) , 11 ( 1831 ? - 1833 ) , 12 ( 14 july 1832 ) , 13 ( 1831 ? - 1833 ) , 14 ( 14 july 1832 ) , 15 ( 1831 ? - 1835 ) , 16 ( 1831 ? - 1833 ) , 17 , 18 ( april 1836 ) , 19 ( 1831 ? - 1837 ) , 20 , 21 ( 1836 - 1837 ) , 22 - 24 ( 1831 ? - 1837 ) , 25 ( april 1836 ) , 26 , 27 ( 1836 ) , 28 - 31 ( 1836 - 1837 ) , 32 - 34 ( 1837 ) , 35 ( december 1837 ) . )
guinot , d . , 1967a . la faune carcinologique ( crustacea brachyura ) de l ' océan indien occidental et de la mer rouge : catalogue , remarques biogéographiques et bibliographiques . in : réunion de spécialistes c . s . a . sur les crustacés , zanzibar 1964 . mémoires de l ' institut fondamental d ' afrique noire , 77 ( 1966 ) : 235 - 352 , pls 1 - 26 , 1 table .
haswell , w . a . , 1882c . catalogue of the australian stalk - and sessile - eyed crustacea . the australian museum , sydney : i - xxiv , 1 - 324 + 2 p . addenda , figs 1 - 8 , pls 1 - 4 .
heller , c . , 1861a . synopsis der im rothen meer vorkommenden crustaceen . verhandlungen der zoologisch - botanischen gesellschaft in wien , 11 : 3 - 32 .
heller , c . , 1861b . beiträge zur crustaceen - fauna des roten meeres . part 1 . sitzungsberichte der akademie der wissenschaften zu wien , mathematisch - naturwissenschaftliche klasse , 43 ( 1 ) : 297 - 374 , pls 1 - 4 .
heller , c . , 1865 . die crustaceen . 1 . in : reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 - 1859 under den befehlen des commodors b . von wüllerstorf - urbair , zoologischer theil , 2 ( pt . 3 ) : 1 - 280 , pls 1 - 25 . wien .
henderson , j . r . , 1893 . a contribution to indian carcinology . the transactions of the linnean society of london , ( series 2 , zoology ) 5 ( 1 ) : 325 - 458 , pls 36 - 40 .
herbst , j . f . w . , 1785 . versuch einer naturgeschichte der krabben und krebse nebst einer systematischen beschreibung ihrer verschiedenen arten , 1 ( 6 ) : 183 - 206 , pls 10 - 13 .
herklots , j . a . , 1851 . additamenta ad faunam carcinologicam africae occidentalis , sive descriptiones specierum novarum e crustaceorum ordine , quas in guinea collegit vir strenuus h . s . pel , praefectus residentiis in littore guineae . 28 pages , 2 pls , lugduni - batavorum ( leiden ) .
herklots , j . a . , 1861 . catalogue des crustacés , qui ont servi de base au système carcinologique de m . w . de haan , rédigé d ' après les collections du musée des pays - bas et les crustacés de la faune du japon . tijdschrift voor entomologie , 4 : 116 - 156 . ( also published as a separate , in 1861 , under title : symbolae carcinologicae . études sur la classe des crustacés , pages 1 - 43 . leiden . )
hess , w . , 1865 . beiträge zur kenntnis der decapoden - krebse ost - australiens . archiv für naturgeschichte , 31 ( 1 ) : 127 - 173 , pls 6 - 7 .
hilgendorf , f . , 1869 . crustaceen . in : baron carl claus von der decken , reisen in ost - afrika in den jahren 1859 - 1865 , 3 ( 1 ) : 67 - 116 , 147 , pls 1 - 6 . heidelberg , leipzig .
hilgendorf , f . , 1879 . die von herrn w . peters in moçambique gesammelten crustaceen . monatsbericht der königlich preussischen akademie der wissenschaften zu berlin , 1878 : 782 - 851 , pls 1 - 4 .
hoffmann , c . k . , 1874 . crustacés et echinodermes de madagascar et de l ' île de la réunion . in : pollen , f . p . l . et d . c . van dam , recherches sur la faune de madagascar et de ses dépendances d ' après les découvertes de françois , 5 ( 2 ) : 1 - 58 , pls 1 - 10 .
holthuis , l . b . , 1953 . enumeration of the decapod and stomatopod crustacea from pacific coral islands . atoll research bulletin , 24 : 1 - 66 , 2 maps . mimeogr .
holthuis , l . b . , 1958 . crustacea decapoda from the northern red sea ( gulf of aqaba and sinai peninsula ) . ii . hippidea and brachyura ( dromiacea , oxystomata , and grapsoidea ) . contribution to the knowledge of the red sea . bulletin sea fisheries research station , israel , 17 ( 9 ) : 41 - 54 , 4 figs .
ihle , j . e . w . , 1918 . die decapoda brachyura der siboga - expedition . iii . oxystomata : calappidae , leucosiidae , raninidae . siboga expeditie monografie , 39 ( b2 ) : 159 - 322 , figs 78 - 148 ( 71 pls ) .
jeng , m . - s , 1997 . studies on the land and aquatic decapod crustacean fauna of the kenting national park ( ii ) communities of decapod crustaceans around the sea . ii + 66 pp . ministry of the interior , taipei . ( in chinese with english abstract )
jeng , m . - s , 1998 . the prawns and crabs of kenting national park . 133 pp . kenting national park hand guides no . 14 . ( in chinese )
kamita , t . , 1941b . studies of the decapod crustaceans of chosen . pt . i . crabs . the fisheries society of chosen , keijo , 1 - 289 , figs 1 - 147 , 2 pls , 1 map .
kim , h . s . & c . y . chang , 1985 . the brachyuran crabs of cheju island , korea ( crustacea : decapoda ) . the korean journal of systematic zoology , 1 ( 1 - 2 ) : 41 - 60 , figs 1 - 4 .
kim , h . s . , 1970 . a checklist of the anomura and brachyura ( crustacea , decapoda ) of korea . seoul university journal , biology and agriculture ( series b ) , 21 : 1 - 34 , fig . 1 , pls 1 - 5 .
kim , h . s . , 1973 . a catalogue of anomura and brachyura from korea . in : illustrated encyclopedia of fauna and flora of korea , samhwa publishing company , 14 : 1 - 694 , figs 1 - 265 , pls 1 - 112 , tabls 1 - 2 , 1 map . seoul . ( in korean with english summary )
klunzinger , c . b . , 1906a . die spitz - und spitzmundkrabben ( oxyrhyncha und oxystomata ) des roten meeres , stuttgart : i - vii , 1 - 91 , figs 1 - 13 , pls 1 - 2 .
kossmann , r . , 1877 . zoologische ergebnisse einer reise in die küstengebiete des rothen meeres . malacostraca . 1 . theil : brachyura . leipzig , w . engelmann : 1 - 66 , pls 1 - 3 .
krauss , c . f . f . , 1843 . die südafrikanischen crustaceen . eine zusammenstellung aller bekannten malacostraca , bemerkungen über deren lebensweise und geographische verbreitung , nebst beschreibung und abbildung mehrerer neuen arten . stuttgart : 1 - 68 , pls 1 - 4 .
latreille , p . a . , 1803a . histoire naturelle , générale et particulière , des crustacés et des insectes . volume 5 : 1 - 406 , pls 38 - 43 . paris .
latreille , p . a . , 1806 . genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata . parisiis et argentorabi koenig , 1 : 1 - 302 , 16 pls .
latreille , p . a . , 1829 . les crustacés , les arachnides et le insectes , distribués en familles naturelles . in : g . cuvier , le règne animal distribué d ' après son organisation , pour servir de base à l ' histoire naturelle des animaux et d ' introduction à l ' anatomie comparée , edition 2 , 4 : xxvii , 1 - 584 . ( deterville , paris ) .
laurie , r . d . , 1915 . reports on the marine biology of the sudanese red sea , from collections made by cyril crossland , m . z . , b . sc . , f . z . s . , xxi . on the brachyura . the journal of the linnean society , london ( zoology ) , 31 ( 209 ) : 407 - 475 , figs 1 - 5 , pls 42 - 45 .
lenz , h . & f . richters , 1881 . beitrag zur crustaceenfauna von madagascar . abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft , 12 : 421 - 428 , figs 20 - 27 .
lenz , h . , 1905 . ostafrikanische dekapoden und stomatopoden , gesammelt von herrn prof . dr . a . voeltzkow . in : a . voeltzkow , wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der reisen in madagaskar und ostafrika in den jahren 1889 - 1895 . vol . 3 . abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft , 27 ( 4 ) : 341 - 392 , pls 47 - 48 .
lin , c . c . , 1949 . a catalogue of brachyurous crustacea of taiwan . quarterly journal of the taiwan museum , 2 ( 1 ) : 10 - 33 .
linnaeus , c . , 1758 . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . ( ed . 10 ) , 1 ( 2 ) : i - iii , 1 - 823 ( animalia ) ( 625 - 634 for cancer ) , 825 - 1384 ( vegitabilia ) holmiae .
linnaeus , c . , 1764 . museum s . r . m . ludovicae ulricae reginae suecorum , gothorum , vandalorum , etc . : 1 - 720 .
linnaeus , c . , 1767 . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . ( edit . 12 ) , 1 ( 2 ) : 533 - 1327 .
maki , m . & k . tsuchiya , 1923 . illustrations of the decapod crustaceans of formosa . report of the department of agriculture , government of research institute of taihoku , 3 : i - xi , 1 - 215 , pls 1 - 24 . ( in japanese )
mcneill , f . a . & m . ward , 1930 . carcinological notes . no . 1 . records of the australian museum , 17 : 357 - 383 , fig . 1 , pls 59 - 61 .
mcneill , f . a . , 1926b . the biology of north - west islet , capricorn group ( queensland ) . ( j . ) crustacea . australian zoologist , 4 ( 5 ) : 299 - 318 , figs 1 - 2 , pl . 41 .
mcneill , f . a . , 1968 . crustacea , decapoda and stomatopoda . scientific reports great barrier reef expedition 1928 - 29 , 7 ( 1 ) : 1 - 98 , figs 1 - 2 , pls 1 - 2 .
michel , c . , 1964 . checklist of the crustacea brachyura ( crabs ) recorded from mauritius . mauritius institute bulletin , 6 ( 1 ) : 1 - 48 .
miers , e . j . , 1876b . catalogue of the stalk - and sessile - eyed crustacea of new zealand , i - xii , 1 - 136 , pls 1 - 3 . colonial museum & geological survey department , london .
miers , e . j . , 1877b . notes upon the oxystomatous crustacea . transactions of the linnean society of london , ( zoology ) , ( 2 ) 1 ( 5 ) : 235 - 249 , pls 38 - 40 .
miers , e . j . , 1879a . crustacea . the collections from rodriguez . in : an account of the petrological , botanical , and zoological collections made in kerguelen ' s land and rodriguez during the transit of venus expeditions , carried out by order of her majesty ' s government in the years 1874 - 1875 . philosophical transactions of the royal society of london , 168 : 458 - 496 .
miers , e . j . , 1884a . crustacea ( brachyura ) . in : report on the zoological collections made in the indo - pacific ocean during the voyage of h . m . s . alert 1881 - 1882 . part i . the collections from melanesia . part ii . the collections from the western indian ocean . british museum ( natural history ) , london , 8 ( 1 ) : 178 - 322 , pls 18 - 32 .
miers , e . j . , 1884b . crustacea ( brachyura ) . in : report on the zoological collections made in the indo - pacific ocean during the voyage of h . m . s . alert 1881 - 1882 . part i . the collections from melanesia . part ii . the collections from the western indian ocean . british museum ( natural history ) , london , 8 ( 2 ) : 513 - 575 , pls 46 - 52 .
miers , e . j . , 1886 . report on the brachyura collected by h . m . s . challenger during the years 1873 - 1876 . in : c . w . thompson & j . murray , report on the scientific results of the exploring voyage of h . m . s . challenger during the years 1873 - 1876 , under the command of captain george s . nares , r . n . , f . r . s . and the late captain frank tourle thomson , r . n . , zoology , 17 ( 2 ) : i - xli , 1 - 362 , pls 1 - 29 .
milne edwards , a . , 1868a . description de quelques crustacés nouveaux provenant des voyages de m . alfred grandidier à zanzibar et à madagascar . nouvelles archives du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , paris , 4 : 69 - 92 , pls 19 - 21 .
milne edwards , a . , 1874 . recherches sur la faune carcinologique de la nouvelle - calédonie . part iii . nouvelles archives du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , paris , 10 : 39 - 58 , pls 2 - 3 .
milne - edwards , h . , 1837 . histoire naturelle des crustacés , comprenant l ' anatomie , la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux . libraire encyclopédique de roret , paris , vol . 2 : 1 - 532 , pls 1 - 2 , 7 - 8 , 10 , 14 , 18 - 19 , 21 , 24 . ( see holthuis , 1979 , for dates of publication . )
miyake , s . , k . sakai & s . nishikawa , 1962 . a fauna - list of the decapod crustacea from the coasts washed by the tsushima warm current . records of oceanographic works in japan , special no . 6 : 121 - 131 .
miyake , s . , 1936c . reports on the brachyura of riu - kiu islands , collected by the yaeyama expeditions during the years 1932 - 1934 . ii . a list of the known species of the brachyura from ishigaki - shima . annotationes zoologicae japonenses , 15 ( 4 ) : 506 - 513 .
miyake , s . , 1939b . notes on crustacea brachyura collected by professor teiso esaki ' s micronesia expeditions 1937 - 1938 together with a check list of micronesian brachyura . records of oceanographic works in japan , national research council ( tokyo ) , 10 ( 2 ) : 168 - 247 , figs 1 - 13 , pls 12 - 17 , 1 table .
miyake , s . , 1983 . japanese crustacean decapods and stomatopods in color . vol . ii . brachyura ( crabs ) , i - viii , 1 - 277 , pls 1 - 64 . hoikusha , osaka . ( in japanese ; second edition in 1992 )
monod , t . , 1935 . viii . decapoda brachyura . in : mission robert ph . dollfus en egypte . mémoires de l ' institut d ' egypte , 37 : 1 - 162 , 29 figs .
müller , f . , 1887 . zur crustaceen - fauna von trincomali . verhandlungen der naturforschenden gesellschaft in basel , 8 : 470 - 485 , pls 4 - 5 .
muraoka , k . , 1998 . catalogue of the brachyuran and anomuran crabs donated by prof . dr . tune sakai to the kanagawa prefectural museum . catalogue of the collection in the kanagawa prefectural museum of natural history , 11 : 5 - 67 , pls 1 - 16 .
nauck , e . , 1880 . das kaugerüst der brachyuren ( mit beschreibung neuer gattungen und arten , z . t . von c . semper ) . zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche zoologie , leipzig , 34 ( 1 ) : 1 - 69 , 2 figs , pl . 1 .
ng , p . k . l . , 1998c . crabs . in : k . e . carpenter & n . volker ( eds . ) , fao species identification guide for fishery purposes . the living marine resources of the western central pacific . volume 1 . food and agriculture organisation , rome : 1046 - 1155 .
nobili , m . g . , 1899 . contribuzione alla conoscenza della fauna carcinologica della papuasia , della molucche e dell ' australia . annali del museo civico di storia naturale di genova , ( 2 ) 20 : 230 - 282 .
nobili , m . g . , 1900 . decapodi e stomatopodi indo - malesi . annali del museo civico di storia naturale di genova , ( 2 ) 20 ( = volume 40 ) : 473 - 523 ( pages 1 - 51 on separate ) , figs 1 - 4 .
nobili , m . g . , 1906b . faune carcinologique de la mer rouge . décapodes et stomatopodes . annales des sciences naturelles , zoologie , ( 9 ) 4 ( 1 - 3 ) : 1 - 347 , figs 1 - 12 , pls 1 - 11 .
nomura , k . , n . kamezaki , t . hamano & h . misaki , 1988 . the guidebook of marine animals and plants of okinawa . vol . 7 ( crustacea , brachyura ) , southern press , okinawa : 1 - 250 . ( in japanese )
ortmann , a . e . , 1892 . die decapoden - krebse des strassburger museums , mit besonderer berücksichtigung der von herrn dr . döderlein bei japan und bei den liu - kiu - inseln gesammelten und z . z . im strassburger museum aufbewahrten formen . theil v . die abtheilungen hippidea , dromiidea und oxystomata . zoologischer jahresbericht ( syst . ) , 6 : 532 - 588 , pl . 26 .
parisi , b . , 1914 . i decapodi giapponesi del museo di milano . i . oxystomata . atti della societa italiana di scienze naturali e del museo civico di storia naturale , milano , 53 : 280 - 312 ( pages 5 - 35 on separate ) , figs 1 - 5 , pls 11 - 13 .
paulson , o . m . , 1875 . izledovaniya rakoobraznykh krasnago morya s zametkami otnositel ' no rakoobraznykh drugikh morei . tchasst i . podophthalmata i edriophthalmata ( cumacea ) . ( studies on crustacea of the red sea with notes regarding other seas , part i ) . kiev kul ' zhenko , i - xiv , 1 - 144 , pls 1 - 21 . ( in russian )
pesta , o . , 1911 . crustacea . i . tail . decapoda brachyura aus samoa ( unter berücksichtigung der sammlungen des k . k . naturhistorischen hofmuseums in wien ) . in : k . rechinger , botanische und zoologische ergebnisse einer wissenschaftlichen forschungsreise nach den samoa - inseln , dem neuguinea - archipel und den salomoninseln märz bis dezember 1905 . iv . denkschriften der kaiserlichen akademie der wissenschaften , wien , mathematisch - naturwissenschaftliche klasse , 88 : 36 - 65 , figs 1 - 5 , pl . 3 .
rathbun , m . j . , 1906 . the brachyura and macrura of the hawaiian islands . bulletin of the united states fish commission , 23 ( 3 ) : i - viii , 827 - 930 , figs 1 - 79 , pls 1 - 24 .
rathbun , m . j . , 1911 . marine brachyura . in : the percy sladen trust expedition to the indian ocean in 1905 , under the leadership of mr j . stanley gardiner . vol . iii , part ii , no . xi . transactions of the linnean society of london , ( zool . ) , ( 2 ) 14 ( 2 ) : 191 - 261 , figs 1 - 2 , pls 15 - 20 .
richters , f . , 1880 . decapoda . in : k . möbius , beiträge zur meeresfauna der insel mauritius und der seychellen , bearbeitet von k . möbius , f . richters und e . von martens nach sammlungen , angelegt auf einer reise nach mauritius von k . möbius , berlin : 139 - 178 , pls 15 - 18 .
romimohtarto , k . , 1967 . the oxystomatous crabs of the barun expedition . marine research in indonesia , 8 ( 1 ) : 1 - 28 , figs 1 - 7 , pls 1 - 3 .
sakai , k . , 1999 . j . f . w . herbst - collection of decapod crustacea of the berlin zoologica museum , with remarks on certain species . naturalists , publications of tokushima biological laboratory , shikoku university , 6 : 1 - 45 , pls 1 - 21 .
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sakai , t . , 1936b . crabs of japan : 66 plates in life colours with descriptions . sanseido , tokyo ( 1935 ) : 1 - 239 , figs 1 - 122 , 27 pages of bibliography & index , frontispiece ( in colour ) , pls 1 - 66 ( colour ) . ( in japanese )
sakai , t . , 1937a . studies on the crabs of japan . ii . oxystomata . science reports of the tokyo bunrika daigaku , ( b ) 3 ( suppl . no . 2 ) : 67 - 192 , 45 figs , pls 10 - 19 .
sakai , t . , 1956 . crabs ( edition 1 ) , i - xii , 1 - 224 ( japanese text ) , appendix 1 - 60 ( list of latin names ) , figs 1 - 71 , pls 1 - 6 ( 2 coloured ) . shisei - shoin , tokyo . ( in japanese )
sakai , t . , 1960 . arthropoda , crustacea , decapoda , brachyura . in : k . okada & t . uchida ( eds ) , encyclopaedia zoologica illustrated in colours . iv : i - xxx , 28 - 87 , pls 14 - 43 . tokyo , hokuryukan . ( in japanese ) .
sakai , t . , 1965b . the crabs of sagami bay , collected by his majesty the emperor of japan , i - xvi , 1 - 206 ( english text ) , figs 1 - 27 , pls 1 - 100 : 1 - 92 ( japanese text ) : 1 - 26 ( references and index in english ) : 27 - 32 ( index in japanese ) , 1 map . maruzen co . , tokyo .
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seringat - kias , apr 12 photo shared by loh kok sheng on flickr .
ng , peter k . l . and daniele guinot and peter j . f . davie , 2008 . systema brachyurorum : part 1 . an annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world . the raffles bulletin of zoology . supplement no . 17 , 31 jan 2008 . 286 pp .
davison , g . w . h . and p . k . l . ng and ho hua chew , 2008 . the singapore red data book : threatened plants and animals of singapore . nature society ( singapore ) . 285 pp .
jones diana s . and gary j . morgan , 2002 . a field guide to crustaceans of australian waters . reed new holland . 224 pp .
linnaeus 1758 , syst . nat . ed . xii , i , p . 1048 .
herbst 1785 , krabben , i , ii , p . 204 , pl . 13 , fig . 78 .
borradaile 1903 , fauna geog . maldive and laccadive archipel , p . 436 .
galil 1997 , resultats des campagnes musortom , vol . 18 , p . 274 .
habitat hard beaches , coral reefs ; 10 - 50 meters deep . distribution hard beaches , coral reefs ; 10 - 50 meters deep japan . this species occurs throughout the indo - pacific region .
description in the anterior two - thirds of the carapace surface is tuberculate and granular , the posterior third is marked with squamiform tubercles and beaded ridges . the antero - lateral borders are coarsely dentate or serrate . clypeiform expansions greatly developed , their breadth being equal to their length ; their anterior border shows the points of four teeth . posterior border of the carapace beaded , unarmed . outer parts of the pterygostomain regions densely hairy . front emarginate , not projecting beyond the level of the orbits . transverse wing like expansion of the distal end of the arm with its edge four lobed . outer surface of palm and upper surface of wrist numerous sharp tubercles . anterior end of arm with some sharp granules , crest of palm crenulate , not sharply dentate .
remarks in the very young , the extreme length of the carapace is not much less than three fourths of the extreme breadth .
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mclaughlin et al . 2005 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : crustaceans . american fisheries society special publication 31
common in sand any depth . feeds upon gastropods . attains carapace width of 3 inches . hawaii & the indo - pacific .
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japanese crustacean decapods and stomatopods in color , vol . ii . brachyura ( crabs ) .
systema brachyurorum : part i . an annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world .
in : nishimura , s . ( ed . ) , guide to seashore animals of japan with color pictures and keys , vol . ii . hoikusha , osaka , 379 - 418 ( in japanese ) .
occurrence record in darwincore format ( elements of obis schema and some of dwc1 . 4 )


formicoxenus provancheri , common name shampoo ant , is a species of ant in the subfamily myrmicinae .

it is found in canada and the united states .

formicoxenus provancheri

formicoxenus provancheri can be found in canada and the united states ( 1 ) .
the above specimen data are provided by antweb . please see formicoxenus provancheri for further details
there are currently no specific conservation measures known to be in place for formicoxenus provancheri .
senior synonym of formicoxenus emersoni , formicoxenus hirtipilis : creighton , 1950a pdf : 279 ; of formicoxenus glacialis : cole , 1954d : 241 .
formicoxenus provancheri has also been shown to possess the ability to follow scent trails deposited by myrmica incompleta workers . this trail allows formicoxenus provancheri to follow hosts to new nest sites ( 5 ) .
formicoxenus provancheri is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
senior synonym of formicoxenus emersoni , formicoxenus hirtipilis : creighton , 1950a pdf : 279 ; of formicoxenus glacialis : cole , 1954d pdf : 241 .
formicoxenus provancheri belongs to a genus whose species are known as ‘guest - ants’ , social parasites that live in colonies of other ant species . formicoxenus provancheri inhabits the nest of myrmica incompleta , an ant species three to five times larger than itself ( 2 ) .
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arkive species - ant ( formicoxenus provancheri )
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combination in formicoxenus ( mychothorax ) : emery , 1924f pdf : 262 ; in formicoxenus : francoeur , loiselle & buschinger , 1985 : 377 .
combination in formicoxenus ( mychothorax ) : emery , 1924f pdf : 262 ; in formicoxenus : francoeur , loiselle & buschinger , 1985 pdf : 377 .
the nests of myrmica incompleta which are inhabited by formicoxenus provancheri are found in clumps of moss and under logs and stones in damp meadows and bogs ( 2 ) ( 3 ) .
lenoir , a . , detrain , c . and barbazanges , n . ( 1992 ) host trail following by the guest ant formicoxenus provancheri . experientia , 48 ( 1 ) : 94 - 97 .
aggressive reproductive conflicts and dominance interactions among queens are involved in establishing functional monogyny in the ant , formicoxenus provancheri . competition among potential reproductives may lead to the founding of new societies by budding or colony fragmentation .
all female formicoxenus provancheri have a spermatheca ( a receptacle in which sperm is stored after mating ) and are able to mate and produce fertilised eggs , although only one female in a nest is fertile and will breed ( 2 ) .
errard , c . , fresneau , d . , heinze , j . , francoeur , a . and lenoir , a . ( 1997 ) social organization in the guest - ant formicoxenus provancheri . ethology , 103 ( 1 ) : 149 - 159 .
glacialis . leptothorax emersoni subsp . glacialis wheeler , w . m . 1907b : 71 ( w . q . m . ) u . s . a . subspecies of provancheri : creighton , 1950a : 280 . junior synonym of provancheri : cole , 1954d : 241 .
lenoir , a . , errard , c . , francoeur , a . and loiselle , r . ( 1992 ) biological and ethological observations on the interactions between the parasite ant formicoxenus provancheri and its host myrmica incompleta . insectes sociaux , 39 ( 1 ) : 81 - 97 .
[ mackay , lowrie , et al . , 1988 : 89 ( in key ) and wheeler & wheeler , 1989a pdf : 323 , recombine formicoxenus provancheri in leptothorax , apparently unaware of the revision by francoeur , { ? et al } { ? , whose combination is reaffirmed by bolton , 1995b : 207 } ] .
[ mackay , lowrie , et al . , 1988 : 89 ( in key ) and wheeler & wheeler , 1989a pdf : 323 , recombine formicoxenus provancheri in leptothorax , apparently unaware of the revision by francoeur , { ? et al } { ? , whose combination is reaffirmed by bolton , 1995b : 207 } ] .
francoeur , a . ; loiselle , r . ; buschinger , a . 1985 . biosystématique de la tribu leptothoracini ( formicidae , hymenoptera ) . 1 . le genre formicoxenus dans la région holarctique . nat . can . ( qué . ) 112 : 343 - 403 pdf ( page 377 , queen , male described , combination in formicoxenus )
kannowski , p . b . 1958 (
1957
) . notes on the ant leptothorax provancheri emery . psyche ( cambridge ) 64 : 1 - 5 . pdf
kannowski , p . b . ( 1957 ) notes on the ant leptothorax provancheri emery . psyche : a journal of entomology , 64 ( 1 ) : 1 - 5
hirtipilis . leptothorax emersoni subsp . hirtipilis wheeler , w . m . 1917a : 515 ( w . ) canada . junior synonym of provancheri : creighton , 1950a : 279 .
francoeur , a . ; loiselle , r . ; buschinger , a . 1984 . taxonomic revision of the ant genus formicoxenus ( formicidae , hymenoptera ) . [ abstract . ] p . 528 in : xvii international congress of entomology . hamburg , federal republic of germany , august 20 - 26 , 1984 . abst ( page 528 , new combination in formicoxenus )
buschinger , a . ; francoeur , a . ; fischer , k . 1981 [ 1980 ] . functional monogyny , sexual behavior , and karyotype of the guest ant , leptothorax provancheri emery ( hymenoptera , formicidae ) . psyche ( camb . ) 87 : 1 - 12 pdf ( page 8 , karyotype described )
emersoni . leptothorax emersoni wheeler , w . m . 1901a : 433 , figs . 2 , 3 ( w . q . m . ) u . s . a . combination in l . ( mychothorax ) : emery , 1924d : 261 . junior synonym of provancheri : creighton , 1950a : 279 . see also : wheeler , w . m . 1903c : 230 .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
this species nests under stones , and is a guest in the nests of myrmica incompleta and myrmica fracticornis . apparently it cannot live without its host in the laboratory , although it can be found nesting alone in the field . sexuals occur in the nests in july and august . ( mackay and mackay 2002 )
the following information is derived from barry bolton ' s new general catalogue , a catalogue of the world ' s ants .
emery , 1895c : 320 ( w . ) canada . francoeur , loiselle & buschinger , 1985 : 377 ( q . m . ) ; wheeler , g . c . & wheeler , j . 1973b : 73 ( l . ) ; buschinger , francoeur & fischer , 1981 : 8 ( k . ) . combination in
: cole , 1954d : 241 . see also : wheeler , w . m . 1903c : 229 . [ mackay , lowrie ,
. 1988 : 89 ( in key ) and wheeler , g . c . & wheeler , j . 1989a : 323 , recombine
buschinger , a . ( 2009 ) social parasitism among ants : a review . ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . myrmecological news 12 : 219 - 235 .
cole , a . c . , jr . 1954d . studies of new mexico ants . x . the genus leptothorax ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . j . tenn . acad . sci . 29 : 240 - 241 ( page 241 , senior synonym of glacialis )
creighton , w . s . 1950a . the ants of north america . bull . mus . comp . zool . 104 : 1 - 585 ( page 279 , senior synonym of emersoni and hirtipilis )
emery , c . 1895d . beiträge zur kenntniss der nordamerikanischen ameisenfauna . ( schluss ) . zool . jahrb . abt . syst . geogr . biol . tiere 8 : 257 - 360 ( page 320 , worker described )
emery , c . 1922c . hymenoptera . fam . formicidae . subfam . myrmicinae . [ part ] . genera insectorum 174b : 95 - 206 ( page 262 , combination in l . ( mycothorax ) )
mackay , w . p . ; lowrie , d . ; fisher , a . ; mackay , e . e . ; barnes , f . ; lowrie , d . 1988 . the ants of los alamos county , new mexico ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . pp . 79 - 131 in : trager , j . c . ( ed . ) advances in myrmecology . leiden : e . j . brill , xxvii + 551 pp . ( page 89 , see also )
mackay , w . p . and e . mackay . 2002 . the ants of new mexico ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . edwin mellen press , lewiston , ny .
wheeler , g . c . ; wheeler , j . 1973b . ant larvae of four tribes : second supplement ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmicinae ) . psyche ( camb . ) 80 : 70 - 82 ( page 73 , larva described )
wheeler , g . c . ; wheeler , j . 1989a [ 1988 ] . notes on ant larvae : myrmicinae . trans . am . entomol . soc . 114 : 319 - 327 ( page 323 , see also )
wheeler , w . m . 1903d . a revision of the north american ants of the genus leptothorax mayr . proc . acad . nat . sci . phila . 55 : 215 - 260 ( page 229 , see also )
this page was last modified on 9 november 2016 , at 18 : 17 .
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francoeur , loiselle & buschinger , 1985 : 377 ( q . m . ) ; wheeler & wheeler , 1973b pdf : 73 ( l . ) ; buschinger , francoeur & fischer , 1981 pdf : 8 ( k . ) .
2 times found in marshy meadow , 0 times found in meadow , 1 times found in riparian area , mixed sagebrush , woodland .
3 times search , 0 times under rock , 0 times log stage 3 .
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francoeur , loiselle & buschinger , 1985 pdf : 377 ( q . m . ) ; wheeler & wheeler , 1973b pdf : 73 ( l . ) ; buschinger , francoeur & fischer , 1981 pdf : 8 ( k . ) .
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hölldobler , b . , and wilson , e . o . , the ants . belknap press of harvard university press , cambridge ma 1990 .
heinze , j . , and smith , t . a . , behav . ecol . sociobiol .
lenoir , a . , errard , c . , francoeur , a . , and loiselle , r . , ins . soc .
francoeur , a . , loiselle , r . , and buschinger , a . , naturaliste can .
buschinger , a . , francoeur , a . and fischer , k . , psyche
heinze , j . , in : queen number and sociality in insects . ed . l . keller . oxford university press , oxford ( in press ) .
gadagkar , g . , and joshi , n . v . , curr . sci .
hölldobler , b . , and carlin , n . f . , behav . ecol . sociobiol .
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