the western bristlebird ( dasyornis longirostris ) is a species of bird in the family dasyornithidae .

it is endemic to the coastal heaths of western australia ( east and west of albany ) .

western bristlebird

mcnee , s . ( 1986 ) . surveys of the western whipbird and western bristlebird in western australia , 1985 . raou report series . 18 .
information on the western bristlebird is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
western bristlebird ( dasyornis ( dasyornis ) longirostris ) occurrence records from continental australia suitable for species distribution modelling .
cale , p . g . & a . h . burbidge ( 1993 ) . research plan for the western ground parrot , western whipbird and western bristlebird . australian national parks & wildlife service .
confined to the south west of western australia , populations of the western bristlebird occur between two peoples bay and waychinicup inlet , and also in fitzgerald national park .
with brownish upperparts that feature distinct pale mottling , and pale underparts with dark scalloping , the western bristlebird is a distinctive inhabitant of the heathlands of south - western australia .
the western bristlebird lays two dull - white , spotted eggs in a large domed nest of sedges , rushes and sticks .
the frequency of burning these habitats determines the structure of the component vegetation . the western bristlebird has been recorded in areas :
comer , s . & s . mcnee ( 2001 ) . surveys for the western bristlebird and western whipbird . unpublished report to the south coast threatened birds recovery team , albany .
smith , g . t . & l . a . moore ( 1977 ) . an extension of the range of the western bristlebird . western australian naturalist . 14 : 28 .
bird not seen calling , but a western bristlebird had been seen disappearing into the heavy scrub immediately prior to the calling commencing .
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the area of occupancy of the western bristlebird is estimated , with low reliability , at 20 km 2 ( garnett & crowley 2000 ) .
buller , k . g . ( 1945 ) . a new record of the western bristlebird . emu . 45 : 78 - 80 .
the western bristlebird is shy , elusive and seldom seen , though it is often heard ( mcnee 1986 ; smith 1987 ; whittell 1936 ) .
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the extent of occurrence of the western bristlebird is estimated at 600 km² . this estimate is considered to be of medium reliability ( garnett & crowley 2000 ) .
murphy , d . ( 1994 ) . capture , radiotracking and habitat utilisation of the western bristlebird : report on a feasibility study . wa dept conservation & land management .
vanderwal , j . ( 2013 ) . western bristlebird ( dasyornis ( dasyornis ) longirostris ) - occurrence records filtered for species distribution modelling . centre for tropical biodiversity & climate change , james cook university . [ data files ] urltoken bristlebird ( dasyornis ( dasyornis ) longirostris ) / occurrences
. department of parks and wildlife , perth , western australia . available from :
ford , j . ( 1965 ) . new information on the distribution of birds of south - western australia . western australian naturalist . 10 : 7 - 12 .
the western bristlebird occurs in six subpopulations . the largest subpopulation occurs between two peoples bay and the waychinicup river , and is estimated to contain 1000 birds ( garnett & crowley 2000 ) . the maximum population of the western bristlebird in the fitzgerald river national park is estimated at 300 birds ( higgins & peter 2002 ) . the subpopulation of the western bristlebird in two peoples bay nature reserve has apparently been increasing . up to 60 pairs were present in 1970 , 86 pairs were recorded there in a partial census in 1976 , the population was estimated at about 100 pairs in 1983 and 245 pairs in 1991 ( cale & burbidge 1993 ; smith 1987 ) .
smith , g . t . ( 1985 ) . fire effects on populations of the noisy scrub - bird ( atrichornis clamosus ) , western bristlebird ( dasyornis longirostris ) and western whipbird ( psophodes nigrogularis ) . in : ford , j . r . , ed . symposium on fire ecology and management in western australian ecosystems . page ( s ) 95 - 102 . wa institute of technology , perth .
the diet of the western bristlebird consists of invertebrates and seeds . known food items include the seeds of anarthria scabra , daviesia spp . and acacia spp . , as well as earthworms , snails and insects such as ants and beetles and their larvae ( buller 1945 ; chapman 1999 ; milligan 1902a ; smith 1987 ) . the western bristlebird forages on or close to the ground , probing leaf - litter or pecking the ground , or gleaning items from the foliage of plants ( smith 1987 ) .
baird , r . f . ( 1991 ) . holocene avian assemblage from skull cave ( au - 8 ) , south - western australia . records of the western australian museum . 15 : 267 - 286 .
though the overall population of the western bristlebird has declined since the late 19th and early 20th centuries ( mcnee 1986 ; smith 1977 , 1987 ) , the population is considered to be stable ( garnett & crowley 2000 ) or increasing ( chapman 1999 ) . the population of the western bristlebird at two peoples bay nature reserve has increased since 1973 , and it is considered that this has been due to the management policy of excluding fire from the area ( orr et al . 1995 ; smith 1985 , 1987 ) .
glauert , l . ( 1945 ) . bristle - birds in western australia . emu . 44 : 334 .
napier , c . ( 2004 ) . kundip nature reserve . western australian bird notes . 110 : 15 .
ford , j . ( 1963b ) . branch report , western australia . emu . 63 : 90 - 92 .
the western bristlebird is unlikely to be confused with any other species within its range . however , the noisy scrub - bird has generally similar coloration and also skulks , but is readily identifiable by its barred upperparts and lack of scalloping on its underparts , and their calls are very different .
buchanan , b . ( 2004 ) . kundip nature reserve . western australian bird notes . 109 : 15 - 16 .
two peoples bay nature reserve , fitzgerald river national park and waychinicup national park support populations of western bristlebirds ( mcnee 1986 ) .
whittell , h . m . ( 1936 ) . the bristlebirds of western australia . emu . 35 : 197 - 201 .
our bird observatories in western australia may be a little off the track , but that’s what makes them such magical places to see birds .
serventy , d . l . & h . m . whittell ( 1962 ) . birds of western australia . paterson brokensha , perth .
department of the environment ( 2014pw ) . non - current approved conservation advice for dasyornis longirostris ( western bristlebird ) . canberra : department of the environment . available from : urltoken . in effect under the epbc act from 11 - apr - 2014 . ceased to be in effect under the epbc act from 14 - feb - 2018 .
the distribution of the western bristlebird is fragmented , with populations in fitzgerald national park separated from those in the hassell beach / waychinicup national park / two peoples bay nature reserve area ( barrett et al . 2003 ; higgins & peter 2002 ; mcnee 1986 ) . the distance between these areas is about 120 km and , although the intervening area has been extensively surveyed , no western bristlebirds have been recorded , despite the habitat being apparently suitable for the species ( gilfillan et al . 2007 ) .
c . 17 cm ; 26–39 g . the smallest bristlebird ; stout body , short rounded wings , longish graduated and often ragged tail , and medium - length slightly decurved sturdy bill . . . .
burbidge , a . h . ( 2007 ) . personal communication . principal research scientist , western australian department of environment and conservation . april 2007 .
whitley , g . p . ( 1971 ) . field notes on birds by thomas carter . western australian naturalist . 12 : 41 - 44 .
the former distribution of the western bristlebird is poorly known . the first specimen was collected in 1839 near perth ( mcnee 1986 ; serventy 1948 ; whittell 1941 ) , but has not been seen there since . the species was certainly at king george sound and near wilsons inlet ( mcnee 1986 ) . fossil remains are known from near augusta ( baird 1991 ) .
the western bristlebird has declined in the western part of its original range ( higgins & peter 2002 ; mcnee 1986 ; smith 1987 ) . it previously occurred near albany , at wilson inlet and king george sound between the late 1860s and 1912 ( glauert 1945 ; serventy 1948 ; smith 1987 ; whitley 1971 ; whittell 1936 ) . it was reported at beaufort inlet in april 1976 and october 1977 ( blakers et al . 1984 ; mcnee 1986 ) , but has not been seen there since ( mcnee 1986 ) .
serventy , d . l . ( 1948 ) . the birds of the swan river district , western australia . emu . 47 : 241 - 286 .
whittell , h . m . ( 1941 ) . a review of the work of john gilbert in western australia . emu . 41 : 112 - 129 .
two mitigation approaches have been adopted for the western bristlebird : translocation of bristlebirds ; and fire management strategies in concert with long - term population monitoring ( burbidge 2003 ; danks 2004 ) . however , the translocated population near walpole does not seem to have survived . it is unknown whether this was due to the fires that burnt the area in the autumn of 2001 or other factors .
the western bristlebird can survive ( or escape from ) a fire , provided there is adequate unburnt vegetation nearby ( burbidge 2003 ; garnett & crowley 2000 ; mcnee 1986 ) . after a fire unburnt swampy vegetation dominated by sedges and thickets may be important as a refuge habitat ( smith 1987 ) and western bristlebirds have been recorded setting up new home ranges in the nearest available unburnt habitat ( burbidge 2003 ; gilfillan et al . 2007 ) . in moist areas , vegetation may be colonised as soon as 23 years after burning ( burbidge 2003 ) .
smith , g . t . ( 1987 ) . observations on the biology of the western bristle - bird dasyornis longirostris . emu . 87 : 111 - 118 .
gregory , p . ( 2018 ) . western bristlebird ( dasyornis longirostris ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
coastal sw western australia between two peoples bay and waychinicup , and in fitzgerald river national park . small translocated population near walpole ( w of albany ) may now be extinct .
the western bristlebird occurs in three distinct locations : fitzgerald river national park , hassell ( cheynes ) beach / waychinicup national park / two peoples nature reserve , and a translocated population near walpole , though this last population may no longer occur there ( barrett et al . 2003 ; gilfillan et al . 2007 ; mcnee 1986 ) . there is also a record of two western bristlebirds at kundip nature reserve from december 2003 ( buchanan 2004 ; napier 2004 ) , but it is unknown whether this record represents a permanent subpopulation or was a record of vagrant or dispersing birds ( gilfillan et al . 2007 ) .
burbidge , a . h . ( 2003 ) . birds and fire in the mediterranean climate of south - west western australia . in : abbot , i . , & n . burrows , eds . fire in ecosystems of south - west western australia : impacts and management . page ( s ) 321 - 347 . backhuys publishers , leiden , the netherlands .
fire the main threat to the western bristlebird is extensive , or frequent , fire . fires at intervals of less than 510 years may lead to its local extinction ( smith 1987 ) . the optimum fire frequency for the species is unknown , however , the maximum fire frequency to maintain viable populations of the western bristlebird is not less than 20 years ( burbidge 2003 ) . severe or large scale fires have the potential to destroy all suitable habitat , including refuges ( gilfillan et al . 2007 ; mcnee 1986 ; smith 1977 , 1987 ) . fire frequency greater than every 510 years will lead to the extinction of a population , but what happens to its heath habitat in the absence of fire for 50 or more years is unknown . some areas of heath around mt . gardner have not been burnt for at least 45 years and the density of birds in these areas is less than in areas burnt 20 years ago ( smith 1987 )
chapman , a . & k . r . newbey ( 1990 ) . a biological survey of the fitzgerald area , western australia . final report ( june 1987 ) part 1 . wa dept conservation & land management .
being a ‘skulking’ species , western bristlebirds are seldom seen but often heard , as they are often difficult to see , generally staying concealed among the dense vegetation of coastal heathlands . their song is a distinctive , melodious whistle .
western bristlebirds inhabit inhabit coastal heathlands with a diverse range of dense , low - growing shrubs . they occur in areas that have not been burnt for some years , but the time between burning and reoccupation varies between different sites .
in the absence of fire at two peoples bay , home - ranges have remained stable over the last 30 years ( burbidge 2003 , 2007 , pers . comm . ) . here , the home - range of pairs of western bristlebirds , determined by mapping locations of singing birds , was estimated at 6 . 5 ha ( range 68 ha ) , with pairs spending at least 60 % of their time in a core area of 13 ha ( smith 1987 ) . one radio - tracked western bristlebird , at two peoples bay , had a home - range of 6 ha , and another had a home - range of 21 ha ( murphy 1994 ) . in the fitzgerald river national park , population densities of western bristlebirds have been estimated at 0 . 1 birds / ha ( smith & moore 1977 ) , and 0 . 3 birds / ha at two peoples bay ( higgins & peter 2002 ) . near mt gardner , at two peoples bay , 12 pairs were recorded in an area of about 80 ha ( smith 1987 ) .
western bristlebirds forage on or close to the ground , taking mainly invertebrates , including worms , snails and insect and their larvae , as well as seeds . they constantly peck at the ground , using the bill to probe beneath the leaf litter or sweep fallen leaves aside .
burbidge , a . h . , s . comer & a . danks ( 2005 ) . ' threatened birds and wildfire in south - west western australia ' in : fire and birds . fire management for biodiversity . wingspan ( supplement ) . 15 ( 3 ) : 18 - 20 .
a small population of western bristlebirds was translocated to near walpole , western australia ( burbidge 2003 ; garnett & crowley 2000 ) . eight birds were translocated in 1999 with a further seven being added in 2000 . a number of birds persisted after a fire in 2001 , with at least five heard calling in 2002 , but only one bird was heard calling between 2003 and 2005 , and none has been heard since 2005 ( burbidge 2003 ; gilfillan et al . 2007 ) . further translocations may be considered in the future , but need careful consideration as the success of this first translocation is uncertain ( gilfillan et al . 2007 ) .
eight western bristlebirds were translocated from two peoples bay nature reserve to near walpole , west of albany , in the spring of 1999 , and another seven were translocated in the spring of 2000 . although the area was burnt in a bushfire in the autumn of 2001 , at least seven birds persisted into the winter of 2001 ( burbidge 2003 ) , but there is no evidence of persistence since mid - 2005 ( gilfillan et al . 2007 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
christidis , l . and boles , w . e . 2008 . systematics and taxonomy of australian birds . csiro publishing , collingwood , australia .
17 - 20 cm . medium - sized , sturdy , grey - brown passerine . sexes similar . dark brown upper back dappled pale grey . dark brown lower back . rich rufous - brown rump . rufous - brown upperwing - coverts . mostly rufous - brown uppertail . off - white centre of breast and belly with fine black - brown scalloping , sparser on belly . olive - brown sides of belly and flanks with fine black - brown scalloping . mostly olive - brown undertail . juvenile similar to adult , but upperparts without dappling .
male , high chortling call , very variable within and between individuals . female , replying with a sharp , usually three - noted whistle .
this species has been uplisted to endangered because it has a very small range , and a small population which is undergoing a decline , owing mainly to the effects of wildfires . large lightning - induced fires in 2005 and 2006 severely reduced the population , and ongoing habitat degradation from fires is likely .
, from perth to ravensthorpe . it is now restricted to 14 sites in and around fitzgerald river national park and to a small area just east of albany at two peoples bay nature reserve , betty’s beach , mt manypeaks to bluff creek . eighteen birds were translocated in 1999–2000 and 2007 from two people’s bay to near walpole , west of albany , but there was no evidence of breeding . a population of c . 620 pairs in 2001 was reduced by fires to c . 320 pairs in 2005 ( burbidge
2010 ) , estimated to comprise c . 1 , 000 mature individuals ( garnett
2011 ) . the density of birds is greater in the manypeaks - waychinicup areas than in the fitzgerald river national park , but reasons for this are unknown . the albany to mt manypeaks area population declined from c . 500 pairs in 2001 to 200–315 pairs in 2005 and 2006 , largely as a result of wildfires , although the cause for the decline in some areas is unclear . the fitzgerald river national park subpopulation numbered c . 125 pairs in 2005 ( burbidge
in 2005 , the known breeding population was estimated at 300 - 450 pairs , probably equating to a total of 1 , 000 mature individuals ( a . burbidge
at the turn of the century , the species was considered to be stable ; however , a series of fires in the two peoples bay - mt manypeaks area between december 2000 and december 2004 impacted the local population ( a . burbidge in litt . 2007 ) . numbers of calling males were reduced from about 500 in 2001 to 200 in 2005 , with similar numbers recorded in 2006 . thus , overall , the population is estimated to have declined over the last three generations .
it is terrestrial and sedentary with a preference for dense , low heaths . in two peoples bay , it occurs in dense , closed heath 1 - 1 . 5 m high . near waychinicup river and in the fitzgerald river national park , it is found mainly in closed heath 0 . 5 m high , sometimes with scattered patches of mallee eucalypts . unburnt swampy vegetation , predominantly sedges and thickets , may be important refuges after fires . at two peoples bay , it can reoccupy heaths less than 3 years after fire , although breeding may not occur until later . it may not reoccupy heaths in drier areas until 11 - 14 years after fire . it was found in heaths 5 - 12 years after fire from boulder hill to east of waychinicup river , and 14 - 28 years after fire in the northern part of fitzgerald river national park .
it is particularly vulnerable to habitat destruction and alteration . wildfire is the principal threat , particularly large - scale wildfires , the incidence and extent of which have been increasing in recent years , despite increased skills , capacity and effort to stop them . fires at less than 5 - 10 year intervals may lead to local extinctions , and such fires are almost certainly the main cause of its historical range contraction . at the other end of the scale , some coastal heath ( at least at two peoples bay ) remains suitable habitat for at least 50 years after fire , although the carrying capacity may be reduced with time . a series of fires in the two peoples bay - mt manypeaks area between december 2000 and december 2004 impacted the local population of this species ( a . burbidge
. numbers of calling males were reduced from about 500 in 2001 to 200 in 2005 ( a . burbidge
. while most of this decline was clearly attributable to large - scale wildfires , some of the decline was most likely due to other , unknown factors ( a . burbidge
2009 ) . clearance for grazing and agriculture caused historical range contractions , but is no longer considered a threat as almost all bristlebirds now occur in protected areas .
surveys have been completed over the range of the species , and populations are protected from fire as much as possible , particularly in association with the other threatened taxa of the two peoples bay - manypeaks area . in 1999 - 2000 and 2007 , 18 birds were translocated to a site west of albany , but the translocation appears to have been unsuccessful and there was no evidence of breeding ( garnett
. the population in the two peoples bay - mt manypeaks area is being monitored ( danks and comer 2006 , a . burbidge
. the recovery of this species is being managed by the south coast threatened birds recovery team ( a . burbidge
survey and monitor populations at five - year intervals and search for new subpopulations . maintain active fire protection and management at all sites . continue habitat management and threat abatement of all occupied areas within an adaptive management framework . further investigate habitat requirements , in particular in relation to fire age , vegetation structure and food availability . study the effect of
, and the extent of predation by invasive species . establish populations throughout former range where appropriate habitat persists . continue the translocation programme . continue to support coordination of management by the south coast threatened bird recovery team ( garnett
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the top of the head , neck and upper back are all dark brown with distinct grey mottling , merging to rufous brown on the lower back and rump ; the uppertail is olive brown with rufous margins . the face is generally grey - brown , with a whitish chin and throat . the breast is light brownish - grey with fine , dark - brown scalloping , the belly is whitish , and the undertail is brownish grey . the eye is reddish .
classified as endangered ( en ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and listed on appendix i of cites ( 2 ) .
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recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : dasyornis longirostris . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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for information to assist regulatory considerations , refer to policy statements and guidelines , the conservation advice , the listing advice and / or the recovery plan .
recovery plan required , included on the commenced list ( 1 / 11 / 2009 ) .
survey guidelines for australia ' s threatened birds . epbc act survey guidelines 6 . 2
( department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts ( dewha ) , 2010 ) [ admin guideline ] .
south coast threatened birds recovery plan 2009 - 2018 ( department of environment and conservation , 2009v ) [ state recovery plan ] .
the action plan for australian birds 2010 ( garnett , s . , j . szabo & g . dutson , 2011 ) .
quantifying extinction risk and forecasting the number of impending australian bird and mammal extinctions . pacific conservation biology . ( geyle h . m . , j . c . z . woinarski , g . b . baker , c . r . dickman , g . dutson , d . o . fisher , h . ford , m . holdsworth , m . e . jones , a . kutt , s . legge , i . leiper , r . loyn , b . p . murphy , p . menkhorst , a . e . reside , e . g . ritchie , f . e . roberts , r . tingley & s . t . garnett , 2018 ) .
listed as endangered ( global status : iucn red list of threatened species : 2017 . 1 list )
the distribution shown is generalised from the departments species of national environmental significance dataset . this is an indicative distribution map of the present distribution of the species based on best available knowledge . some species information is withheld in line with sensitive species polices . see map caveat for more information .
a site just north of the fitzgerald river national park ( mcnee 1986 ) .
surveys have revealed their presence at 14 different sites in and near fitzgerald river national park ( gilfillan 2007 ) .
the species was not known from areas east of albany until 1945 , when it was discovered at two peoples bay ( buller 1945 ) ; it was subsequently recorded at waychinicup river ( ford 1963 ) , and in fitzgerald river national park in 1976 ( smith & moore 1977 ) .
the populations identified as being important for the species ' long - term survival are those located in the fitzgerald national park and in the area between hassell beach and two peoples nature reserve , including waychinicup national park ( cale & burbidge 1993 ; chapman & newbey 1990 ; garnett & crowley 2000 ; gilfillan et al . 2007 ; mcnee 1986 ; orr et al . 1995 ) .
it also occurs in areas last burnt at least 50 years previously , but at a lower population density than it does in less mature vegetation ( smith 1987 ) .
recovery of its habitat after fire may take longer in relatively dry areas such as fitzgerald river national park than in moist areas such as two peoples bay ( mcnee 1986 ) .
, all of which are listed as threatened taxa under australian or state government legislation ( garnett & crowley 2000 ; mcnee 1986 ; orr et al . 1995 ) .
nothing is known of the role of each sex in nest building , incubation or feeding the nestlings ( smith 1987 ) .
the species is usually detected only by its vocalisations , usually between may and october . it has distinctive calls , which are most intense at dawn and , to a lesser extent , at dusk ( mcnee 1986 ; smith 1987 ; whittell 1936 ) . the song bouts are short and infrequent and large numbers of observations are needed to build up an adequate picture of the area used by the species . there are two song types and three call notes . the most frequently given song is a highly variable melodious whistle of five to eight notes ( smith 1987 ) .
smith ( 1987 ) provides details of many aspects of the species ' biology .
mcnee ( 1986 ) provides information about a comprehensive survey conducted in 1985 , including the composition and structure of suitable vegetation at various sites .
burbidge ( 2003 ) published the results of a study on the effects of bushfires on the species .
barrett , g . , a . silcocks , s . barry , r . cunningham & r . poulter ( 2003 ) . the new atlas of australian birds . melbourne , victoria : birds australia .
blakers , m . , s . j . j . f . davies & p . n . reilly ( 1984 ) . the atlas of australian birds . melbourne , victoria : melbourne university press .
chapman , g . ( 1999 ) . bristlebirds : see how they run . wingspan . 9 ( 1 ) .
danks , a . ( 2004 ) . south coast biodiversity . an overview of biodiversity values , threats and conservation in the south coast region . department of conservation and land management , albany .
garnett , s . t . & g . m . crowley ( 2000 ) . the action plan for australian birds 2000 . canberra , act : environment australia and birds australia . available from : urltoken .
higgins , p . j . & j . m . peter ( eds ) ( 2002 ) . handbook of australian , new zealand and antarctic birds . volume 6 . pardalotes to spangled drongo . oxford university press , melbourne .
higgins , p . j . , j . m . peter & w . k . steele ( eds ) ( 2001 ) . handbook of australian , new zealand and antarctic birds . volume five - tyrant - flycatchers to chats . melbourne : oxford university press .
magrath , m . j . l . , m . a . weston , p . olsen & m . antos ( 2004 ) . draft survey standards for birds : species accounts . melbourne , victoria : report for the department of the environment and heritage by birds australia .
milligan , a . w . ( 1902a ) . description of a new bristle bird ( sphenura ) . emu . 1 : 67 - 69 .
orr , k . , a . danks & k . gillen ( 1995 ) . two peoples nature reserve management plan 1995 - 2005 . perth : department of conservation and land management for national parks and nature conservation agency .
schodde , r . & i . j . mason ( 1999 ) . the directory of australian birds : passerines . melbourne , victoria : csiro .
smith , g . t . ( 1977 ) . the effect of environmental change on six rare birds . emu . 77 : 173 - 179 .
commonwealth of australia ( 2000 ) . declaration under s178 , s181 , and s183 of the environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 - list of threatened species , list of threatened ecological communities and list of threatening processes . f2005b02653 . canberra : federal register of legislative instruments . available from : urltoken . in effect under the epbc act from 16 - jul - 2000 .
department of the environment and heritage ( 2006hg ) . dasyornis longirostris in species profile and threats ( sprat ) database . canberra : deh . available from : urltoken .
garnett , s . , j . szabo & g . dutson ( 2011 ) . the action plan for australian birds 2010 . csiro publishing . available from : urltoken .
geyle h . m . , j . c . z . woinarski , g . b . baker , c . r . dickman , g . dutson , d . o . fisher , h . ford , m . holdsworth , m . e . jones , a . kutt , s . legge , i . leiper , r . loyn , b . p . murphy , p . menkhorst , a . e . reside , e . g . ritchie , f . e . roberts , r . tingley & s . t . garnett ( 2018 ) . quantifying extinction risk and forecasting the number of impending australian bird and mammal extinctions . pacific conservation biology . urltoken
epbc act email updates can be received via the communities for communities newsletter and the epbc act newsletter .
citation : department of the environment ( 2018 ) . dasyornis longirostris in species profile and threats database , department of the environment , canberra . available from : urltoken . accessed tue , 10 jul 2018 04 : 48 : 35 + 1000 .
bird singing close by and visible for much of the time during which i made three recordings . it was missing the remiges of its left wing , the new incoming feathers with long sheaths . right wing was fully feathered . singing in both dead and live shrubs in heath , up to 1 m above ground . same individual as in xc393686 and xc393687 .
bird singing close by and visible for much of the time during which i made three recordings . it was missing the remiges of its left wing , the new incoming feathers with long sheaths . right wing was fully feathered . singing in both dead and live shrubs in heath , up to 1 m above ground . same individual as in xc393686 .
bird singing close by and visible for much of the time during which i made three recordings . it was missing the remiges of its left wing , the new incoming feathers with long sheaths . right wing was fully feathered . singing in both dead and live shrubs in heath , up to 1 m above ground .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
vocalizations loud and distinctive , throughout year , less frequent over summer and most intense in . . .
dense closed coastal heathland , and more open heath where dense clumps or thickets present . heaths . . .
poorly known , and few records . season jul–oct / nov ; single - brooded . possibly pairs for life , partners spending much time together , but . . .
sedentary ; some local movement , especially after bush fires . one pair colonized a site at two . . .
endangered . cites i . restricted - range species : present in south - west australia eba . formerly categorized as endangered . after its initial discovery on swan r , near perth . . .
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ethmiopsis scriniata is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1913 .

it is found in sri lanka , vietnam and possibly taiwan .

the wingspan is about 17 mm .

the forewings are fuscous much mixed and suffused with white and with three elongate dark fuscous marks on the costa anteriorly , two posteriorly , and with a flattened-triangular spot in the middle , and three small spots towards the apex .

there are some scattered blackish scales on the margins of the cell anteriorly , as well as slender black interrupted plical and median streaks on the posterior half of the wing , and two or three black dashes towards the costa posteriorly .

the hindwings are grey , paler and thinly scaled anteriorly and with the veins dark grey .

ethmiopsis scriniata

this is the place for scriniata definition . you find here scriniata meaning , synonyms of scriniata and images for scriniata copyright 2017 © urltoken
ethmiopsis scriniata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43
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here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word scriniata . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word scriniata and , of course , scriniata synonyms and on the right images related to the word scriniata .
ethmiopsis aganactes ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
ethmiopsis catarina ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
ethmiopsis epichthonia ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
ethmiopsis heppneri ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
ethmiopsis prosectrix ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
ethmiopsis subtegulifera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43
ethmiopsis tegulifera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43
chelaria scriniata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 163 ; tl : pundalalouya , ceylon
ethmiopsis prosectrix meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 69 ; tl : tien - mu - shan
= ; [ sangmi lee ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
= ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42 ; [ sangmi lee ]
chelophoba aganactes meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 72 ; tl : tien - mu - shan
dactylethrella catarina ponomarenko , 1994 ; japan heteroc . j . 176 : 8 ; tl : rjasanovka , primorskii krai
homoshelas epichthonia meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 71 ; tl : lungtan
homochela heppneri park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 79 ; tl : pingtung co . , taiwan
chelophoba melaina clarke , 1986 ; smithshon . contr . zool . 416 : 173 ; tl : marquesas archipelago , fatu hiva , omoa
dactylethrella subtegulifera ponomarenko , 1994 ; japan heteroc . j . 176 : 7 ; tl : gornotaezhnoe , primorskii krai
dactylethra tegulifera meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 201 ; tl : s . ussuri
larva on quercus mongolica , quercus serrata ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
sattler , 1973 a catalogue of the family - group and genus - group names of the gelechiidae , holcopogonidae , lecithoceridae and symmocidae ( lepidoptera ) bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 153 - 282
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page 59 and 60 : omelko , n . v . & omelko , m . m . 1993 .
page 67 : contents introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
( lepidoptera : pieridae ) . tropical lepidoptera 3 ( 1 ) - association for . . .
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xenolechia ontariensis is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from manitoba to texas , as well as arizona and possibly california .

the wingspan is about 12 mm .

adults are similar to xenolechia querciphaga , but the ground colour is whitish-grey and the overlying wing colour is distinctly browner .

adults are on wing from april to july .

xenolechia ontariensis

xenolechia ontariensis keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 359
supported as 1878 xenolechia ontariensis by dna barcoding , bold lpoke609 - 12 this specimen is shown here : bold : aac6357 found at uv light near pond in wooded area of a flood plain .
xenolechia querciphaga keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 358
xenolechia lindae huemer & karsholt , 1999 ; microlep . europe 3 : 98 , 29 ; tl : hellas , lakonia 7km sw monemvasia
xenolechia pseudovulgella huemer & karsholt , 1999 ; microlep . europe 3 : 97 , 29 ; tl : hellas , lakonia 5km s . monemvasia
xenolechia ceanothiae priest , 2014 ; j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 103 ; tl : michigan , preque isle co .
xenolechia velatella busck , 1907 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 8 ( 3 - 4 ) : 90 ; tl : arizona , williams
xenolechia pseudovulgella ; [ nhm card ] ; lee & brown , 2008 , zootaxa 1818 : 55 ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 171 ; [ fe ]
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
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contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
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this gallery shows my live photos alongside their amazing high definition genitalia pictures of gelechiidae moths courtesy of dr . tony thomas of new brunswick .
1787  white - edged coleotechnites moth  coleotechnites albicostata img _ 5681 . jpg
1852  ten - spotted honeysuckle moth  athrips mouffetella img _ 5743 . jpg
1852 - ten - spotted honeysuckle moth - athrips mouffetella img _ 6118 . jpg
1881  crepuscular rock - rose moth  neotelphusa sequax img _ 5591 . jpg
2288  many - spotted dichomeris moth  dichomeris punctipennella img _ 5205 . jpg
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photographed in toronto , ontario on 17 june 2015 . photograph © david beadle .
photographed in toronto , ontario on 19 june 2014 . photograph © david beadle .
marsh fern moth ( fagitana littera ) . photographed at portage lake , parry sound district , ontario on 5 july 2015 . © david beadle .
naf , seu , ceu , turkey , . . . . , texas . see [ maps ]
gelechia ( poecilia ? ) basistrigella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 270 ; tl : texas
larva on ceanothus americanus , ceanothus herbaceus adamski , landry , nazari & priest , 2014 , j . lep . soc . 68 ( 2 ) : 109
recurvaria ceanothiella braun , 1921 ; ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 10 ; tl : dutch flat , placer co . , california
larva on ceanothus divaricatus braun , 1921 , ent . news 32 ( 1 ) : 11
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
zeller , 1873 beiträge zur kenntniss der nordamerikanischen nachtfälter , besonders der microlepidopteren ( 2 ) verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 201 - 334 , pl . 3 - 4
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .


eupithecia matheri is a moth in the geometridae family .

it is found in connecticut , new york , new jersey , pennsylvania , virginia , north carolina , mississippi , louisiana , texas and possibly kansas .

the length of the forewings is 9 mm for males and 8.5 – 10 mm for females .

the forewings are grey with a faint brown tinge .

the hindwings are paler than the forewings , but darkened along the anal margin .

adults are on wing from late january to the beginning of april .

eupithecia matheri

home » guide » arthropods ( arthropoda ) » hexapods ( hexapoda ) » insects ( insecta ) » butterflies and moths ( lepidoptera ) » geometrid and swallowtail moths ( geometroidea ) » geometrid moths ( geometridae ) » larentiinae » eupitheciini » eupithecia » eupithecia matheri - hodges # 7509 . 1 ( eupithecia matheri )
the eupithecia ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) of mississippi and louisiana . american museum novitates ; no . 2809
seven species of eupithecia ( larentiinae ) are found in the states of mississippi and louisiana . one of these , occurring throughout the southeastern united states , has been misidentified as herefordaria ; it is described as e . matheri , new species ( type locality : vicksburg , mississippi ) . the true herefordaria cassino and swett is redescribed ; it is found only in southeastern arizona . two other new species are described : e . vicksburgi ( type locality : vicksburg , mississippi ) and e . broui ( type locality : weyanoke , louisiana ) . the other taxa found in these two states are e . peckorurn heitzman and enns ( reported for the first time from both states and eastern texas ) , miserulata grote , jejunata medunnough , and swettii grossbeck . diagnostic notes are given for exudata pearsall , from the middle atlantic states , to distinguish it from matheri and jejunata . all species are described ; the adults and genitalia are illustrated
- - p . [ 1 ] .
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ferris , c . d . , 2018 . geometridae : larentiinae : eupitheciini ( part ) . lepidoptera of north america , part 14 . contributions of the c . p . gillette museum of arthropod diversity colorado state university ( over 116 color plates of adult moths w / genitalia - accessed 3 / 9 / 2018 )
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
odenton , anne arundel county , maryland , usa april 8 , 2013 size : 0 . 25 x 0 . 80 inches
found near balcony light on evening of first 70 + deg . f day in spring . one of the pugs ?
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the spread moth is from the collection of john glaser of baltimore , md . it was taken from the pretty boy reservoir , baltimore county , md april 8th , 2001 .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .


aphrissa orbis , the orbed sulphur , is a butterfly in the family pieridae .

it is native to hispaniola and cuba but is a very rare stray to florida .

the habitat consists of tropical moist forests above 500 meters .

the wingspan is 63 – 76 mm ( 2.5 – 3.0 in ) .

the upper surface of the male forewings is pale lemon yellow with a large orange patch on the basal third .

the female upper surface is deep ochre , the underside of the hindwing with a large brown patch .

there are multiple generations per year on cuba and hispaniola .

they feed on flower nectar of various flowers , including ageratum conyzoides , antigonon leptotus and hibiscus species .

the larvae feed on poinciana pulcherrima .

aphrissa orbis

aphrissa orbis ( poey , 1832 ) = callidryas orbis poey , 1832 = phoebis orbis = aphrissa orbis orbis = phoebis orbis poey 1832 = callidryas orbis poey 1832 .
aphrissa orbis orbis sulphur male guanahacabibes 27 mar 1993 . coll . d . s . smith . specimen from the collection of the oxford university museum of natural history .
recognizing females of the common phoebis sennae sennae and new aphrissa orbis orbis in the field is very difficult . there is more variability with respect to hue and markings in phoebis sennae so that complicates the issue . here are some comparative observations from dr . jacqueline miller of the mc guire center at the florida museum of natural history where she illustrates this with their library pictures
phoebis ( aphrissa ) statira hispaniolae munroe , 1947 ; ; tl : dominican rep .
aphrissa butler , 1873 ; lepid . exotica ( 19 ) : 155 ; ts : papilio statira cramer
= aphrissa statira ; godman & salvin , [ 1889 ] , biol . centr . - amer . , lep . rhop . 2 : 147
aphrissa statira statira ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 12 , pl . 15 , f . 9 ; [ ecul ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 81a
= aphrissa statira ; godman & salvin , [ 1889 ] , biol . centr . - amer . , lep . rhop . 2 : 147 ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 8
aphrissa statira ; godman & salvin , [ 1889 ] , biol . centr . - amer . , lep . rhop . 2 : 147 ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 8 ; [ bcr ] , 104 ; [ nacl ] , # 4233 ; [ ebw ] ; [ opler ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 81
upper surface of male forewing pale lemon yellow with large orange patch on basal third . female upper surface deep ocher , underside of hindwing with large brown patch .
many flights in cuba ; many from april - august on hispaniola ; also other months .
flower nectar including that of ageratum conyzoides , antigonon leptotus , and hibiscus species .
g3 - very rare or local throughout its range or found locally in a restricted range ( 21 to 100 occurrences ) . ( threatened throughout its range ) .
brazil ( rio de janeiro , amazonas ) , peru . see [ maps ]
1400x1113 ( ~ 177kb ) underside usa : sierra vista , cochise co . , arizona , 8 . 8 . 2005 , photo © markku savela
e - mail : jshuey at tnc . org ; director of conservation science ; indiana office of the nature conservancy ;
butterflies of north america . 2 . scientific names list for butterfly species of north america , north of mexico .
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
winhard , 2000 pieridae i butterflies of the world 10 : 1 - 40 , pl . title , 1 - 48 , back
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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the marking near the end of the forewing cell is usually dark brown and slightly cut out along the outer margin .
below , this end cell spot is enlarged and more magenta with white overscaling . the same color combination can be seen along the lateral or outside margin on the forewing .
there is a reddish brown , jagged submarginal spotband that extends from near the fw apex and extends about half way down the wing .
female above , marking at the end of the cell is circular with usually an open circle ( white or off white ) in center .
marking at end of cell becomes double spots , silver in center and outlined in reddish brown .
a reddish brown submarginal spotband which extends nearly to the anal or near the posterior margin of the wing .
basic color below is usually
peppered
with red to reddish - brown to brown scales .
brown border of hw more complete ; fw above border along the lateral margin crescent shaped .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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