pseudomys pilligaensis , commonly known as the pilliga mouse or poolkoo , is a species of rodent in the family muridae .

until recently its distribution was said to be restricted to the pilliga forest region of new south wales , australia but in 2013 , a specimen was trapped in the warrumbungle national park after a bushfire .

there are also suggestions that it is a hybrid between two other species .

its conservation status is currently listed as " data deficient " .

pilliga mouse

protect the pilliga forest habitat so the pilliga mouse is not forced into extinction .
habitat and post - fire selection of the pilliga mouse pseudomys pilligaensis in pilliga east state fo . . .
the nsw threatened species - pilliga mouse - profile ( nsw decc 2005ad ) .
elvira and the pilliga mouse /  pat clarke ; illustrated by graeme compton .
ecology of the rare but irruptive pilliga mouse , pseudomys pilligaensis . iv . habitat ecology
ecology of the rare but irruptive pilliga mouse , pseudomys pilligaensis . iii . dietary ecology
ecology of the rare but irruptive pilliga mouse , pseudomys pilligaensis . iv . habitat ecology
habitat and post - fire successional preferences of the pilliga mouse ( pseudomys pilligaensis ) .
habitat and post - fire successional preferences of the pilliga mouse ( pseudomys pilligaensis ) .
determine and implement fire management and forestry operations that are most appropriate for the pilliga mouse .
ecology of the rare but irruptive pilliga mouse , pseudomys pilligaensis . iii . dietary ecology .
elvira and the pilliga mouse / pat clarke ; illustrated by graeme compton . - version details - trove
if we can’t stop santos from drilling for coal seam gas in the pilliga forest , we won’t be able to find the pilliga mouse at all anymore .
ecology of the rare but irruptive pilliga mouse ( pseudomys pilligaensis ) . i . population fluctuation and breeding season .
pilliga mouse - profile ( nsw office of environment and heritage ( nsw oeh ) , 2014v ) [ internet ] .
ecology of the rare but irruptive pilliga mouse ( pseudomys pilligaensis ) . ii . demography , home range and dispersal .
exploration , infrastructure construction and infrastructure maintenance associated with coal seam gas threatens the pilliga mouse . paull and milledge ( 2011 ) estimate that 20–50 000 ha of suitable / marginal pilliga mouse habitat occurs within the pilliga east state forest , which is a focal point of the the coal seam gas activity .
the pilliga mouse is known only from the type locality in pilliga , nsw , and three other nearby sites all in the immediate surrounding area ( fox & briscoe 1980 ) . this includes the pilliga nature reserve and the adjacent pilliga state forest ( lee 1995 ) . this area is known as the pilliga scrub ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) .
only recently described as a species in 1980 , the pilliga mouse is closely related to a group of similar - sized mice , the new holland mouse and the delicate mouse . recent genetic work has shown that the distinctions between these three is a little blurred . the pilliga mouse , however , is recognised as a nationally threatened species because , when it was listed , only about 12 of the animals were known to science . the pilliga region is also famous for its large fires and potentially this could prove a threat to the little mouse .
the pilliga mouse typically occurs at low densities and appears to prefer areas with sparse ground cover . evidence exists of marked population fluctuations .
nsw department of environment , climate change and water ( nsw deccw ) ( 2005kj ) . pilliga mouse - profile . available from : urltoken .
diet and habitat preference of the silky desert mouse , pseudomys apodemoides ( rodentia ) .
paull , d . c . ( 2009 ) . habitat and post - fire selection of the pilliga mouse ' pseudomys pilligaensis ' in pilliga east state forest . pacific conservation biology . 15 : 254 - 267 .
nsw department of environment and climate change ( nsw decc ) ( 2005ad ) . nsw threatened species - pilliga mouse - profile . available from : urltoken .
the pilliga mouse doesn’t have the street - cred of the koala or the tasmanian devil , but they’re just as important as any other endangered australian animal .
paull , d . c . & d . milledge ( 2011 ) . results of the survey for the pilliga mouse pseudomys pilligaensis in pilliga east state forest ( october 2011 ) and review of habitat requirements . unpublished report .
major studies of the pilliga mouse include tokushima and colleagues ( 2008 ) and tokushima and jarman ( 2008 ) , which studied the irruptive demography of this species .
the pilliga mouse is a small native murid rodent . its was first described as a distinct taxon by fox and briscoe in 1980 , which was confirmed by briscoe
inter - annual survivorship is greatest during irruptive population periods ( tokushima & jarman 2008 ) . the pilliga mouse is terrestrial and lives in burrows ( strahan 1998 ) .
recent fires have shown the damage that they can cause to bush habitats . the pilliga mouse is no stranger to such danger and may even turn it to its advantage .
the reason why the pilliga mouse selects shrubby understoreys could be also linked to an anti - predator behaviour or adaptation . in an analysis of fox scats from the area , no evidence of pilliga mouse predation was found . this suggests that this animal’s behaviour , including the shelter it keeps , make it too difficult for the fox to catch .
a tiny mouse with a lot to say ! also known as pseudomys pillagaensis , i ' m found only in the pilliga forest - currently threatened by a huge csg development .
the distribution of the new holland mouse ( pseudomys novaehollandiae ) with respect to vegetation near anglesea , victoria .
fox , b . j . ( 1995 ) pilliga mouse pseudomys pilligaensis . p . 616 in strahan , r . ( ed . ) the mammals of australia . reed books , sydney .
distribution restricted to the pilliga region of new south wales . however , a pilliga mouse was reportedly trapped in the warrumbungles after a major wildifire in january 2013 , suggesting a sparse local population may have previously existed that could now respond to early stages of the post - fire succession .
the habitat selection of the pilliga mouse was studied within a variety of vegetation and post fire communities in the pilliga east state forest of northern nsw . its selection was found to be similar to other australian pseudomys , but most similar to the new holland mouse p . novaehollandiae , preferring understoreys dominated by heathy , xeromorphic plants with sandy soils and litter cover . . . . [ show full abstract ]
townley , s . j . , 1998 . collation of current knowledge of the pilliga mouse pseudomys pilligaensis prior to the preparation of a recovery plan . unpublished report to nsw npws western zone , dubbo .
lim , l . , 1992 . conservation and biology of the rare pilliga mouse pseudomys pilligaensis fox and briscoe 1980 ( muridae : conilurini ) . unpublished report to the zoological parks board , mossman , nsw .
under the agreement , awc will deliver land management and science services in two areas of the nsw’s national park estate : the 35 , 000 hectare pilliga national park - pilliga state conservation area ( the pilliga ) and the 60 , 000 hectare mallee cliffs national park .
the pilliga project area covers 35 , 000 hectares at the northern , more productive section of the vast pilliga forests . the pilliga forests stretch across the flat , sandy plains and low hills between the warrumbungle mountains , near coonabarabran , and narrabri . the pilliga is part of the traditional area of the gamilaraay ( also known as gamilaroi or gomeroi ) people .
foraging preference of the smoky mouse , pseudomys fumeus , in south - eastern new south wales : an exami . . .
pat clarke ( text ) , graeme compton ( illus . ) , elvira and the pilliga mouse , little steps books , dec 2016 , 76pp . , $ 24 . 95 ( hbk ) , isbn : 9781925117981
, a new species of murid rodent from the pilliga scrub , northern new south wales .
jefferys , e . a . & b . j . fox ( 2001 ) . the diet of the pilliga mouse , pseudomys pilligaensis ( rodentia : muridae ) from the pilliga scrub , northern new south wales . in : proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales . 123 : 89 - 99 .
seed is the main food of the pilliga mouse ( 95 % of its diet in spring and summer and 62 % in winter ) . leaf matter makes up the remainder of the diet ( jefferys & fox 2001 ) .
whatever it is that makes the young regrowth so attractive to the pilliga mouse , an important link obviously exists between its survival and the periodic burning of its habitat . perhaps equally important is the fact that there is always unburnt habitat that the mouse prefers and into which it can escape . ensuring this outcome is the key to the survival of this unique rodent .
two studies of foraging preference of the smoky mouse at the same site in south - eastern nsw reached distinctly different conclusions . the first found that the smoky mouse foraged on relatively bare exposed slopes but not in heath . the second study concluded that the smoky mouse foraged and nested in heath . this article examines the sampling strategies and results in terms of vegetation . . . [ show full abstract ]
however , its greatest adaptation is the pilliga mouse ' s ability to use fire to help its survival . as they hide in their burrows any fire would sweep across the surface , leaving the animals safe below ground . for the mouse it was then a question of what to do next , as vast areas of bush were laid bare from the intense fire of 1997 .
blockading nwnsw is where its at . right now 2 locals lockd on pilliga & another lockd on leard
it is present in the pilliga nature reserve and the pilliga state forest . a recovery plan was prepared but never published . further studies are needed into the taxonomy , ecology , and threats to this taxon .
the pilliga project area is currently home to a large number of threatened animals . it forms part of a stronghold for threatened woodland birds including the glossy black cockatoo , grey - crowned babbler , brown treecreeper , speckled warbler , varied sittella , little lorikeet and turquoise parrot . the pilliga forests protect a particularly important population of the iconic barking owl . threatened mammals including the koala , squirrel glider , black - striped wallaby , corben’s long - eared bat and the endemic pilliga mouse are all likely to be found in the pilliga project area . the threatened pale - headed snake is one of more than 56 reptile species that is likely to occur in the pilliga project area .
tokushima , h . & p . j . jarman ( 2008 ) . ecology of the rare but irruptive pilliga mouse ( pseudomys pilligaensis ) . ii . demography , home range and dispersal . australian journal of zoology . 56 : 375 - 387 .
santos coal seam gas interrupted for 5th day running as pilliga protest continues . local teacher and farmer locked on
smoky
. as its name suggests , it is a grey - furred mouse , darker grey above and paler smoky grey below . mice from
karl beckert , forest and wildlife campaigner for the nature conservation council of nsw , says that the pilliga is one of australia’s 15 national biodiversity hotspots . its state conservation areas contain a high proportion of the largest threatened population of barking owls in nsw , the pilliga mouse , the black - striped wallaby , koala , and a range of woodland birds and microchiropteran bats .
tokushuma , h . , s . w . green & p . j . jarman ( 2008 ) . ecology of the rare but irruptive pilliga mouse ( pseudomys pilligaensis ) . i . population fluctuation and breeding season . australian journal of zoology . 56 : 363 - 373 .
broombush forms a distinctive vegetation type in parts of the pilliga project area . fire regimes in the pilliga forests have changed since aboriginal management , with fires suppressed in the western section , which includes the pilliga project area , while the eastern section has become subject to a regime of regular wildfire . most of the forests in the pilliga , including within the pilliga project area , have been selectively logged for over a century ; the combination of changed fire regimes and logging has led to significant changes in forest composition and structure , in particular a thickening of white cypress pine and bull oak .
identification , management and protection of non - peak refugia is essential ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) . priority recovery actions suggested in the conservation advice for the pilliga mouse ( threatened species scientific committee 2008dg ) and the nsw department of environment and climate change ( 2005ad ) include :
this taxon is known only from the pilliga area of new south wales , australia ( lee 1995 , fox 1995 ) .
since 2011 , the wilderness society has been fighting to protect the pilliga forest and the fertile farmland of north west nsw .
the population size of the pilliga mouse is hard to estimate and demographics are irruptive . paull and milledge ( 2011 ) mapped potential suitable habitat of the species and , based on density calculations , estimate a population of 50–100 000 during irruptive periods ( i . e . la nina events ) .
elvira , a wedge - tailed eagle from the city , forms an unlikely friendship with a country mouse with attitude named pookie . together they journey to the pilliga forest in search of pookie ' s family , and elvira goes in search of something equally hard to find : the secret of happiness .
non - bird biodiversity : at least 36 native mammal species ( including 16 bat species ) , 9 introduced mammal species , 50 reptile species and at least 15 amphibian species have been recorded in the nature reserve , including at least 21 species listed as threatened in nsw , including the pilliga mouse .
the creature ' s life is shaped by seasonal ebbs and flows . in the pilliga state forests , there are a lot of ironbark / cypress pine habitats that the pilliga mouse avoids — instead it seeks the shrubby habitats dominated by melaleuca and other heathy plants . a strong relationship was found between preferred habitat and a low shrubby understorey in the state forests but in the nature reserve it was found also in more open areas .
unfortunately , santos is , right now , building a huge treatment plant in the pilliga for its toxic coal seam gas wastewater .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) important bird areas factsheet : pilliga . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts ( 2008hg ) . approved conservation advice for pseudomys pilligaensis ( pilliga mouse ) . canberra : department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts . available from : urltoken . in effect under the epbc act from 26 - mar - 2008 .
the pilliga national park ( gilgai section ) and the pilliga state conservation area ( “the pilliga project area” ) are managed under an historic partnership agreement between the nsw national parks and wildlife service and awc . the agreement provides a new , ground - breaking model for collaboration between the private sector and the private ( non - profit ) sector . a feature of the partnership will be the establishment of a large ( ~ 5 , 900 ha ) feral predator - free area in the pilliga project area and the reintroduction of at least 6 mammal species that have been extinct in the pilliga for more than a century . this program forms part of the nsw government’s saving our species program .
ty - jour ti - the diet of the pilliga mouse , pseudomys pilligaensis ( rodentia : muridae ) from the pilliga scrub , northern new south wales t2 - proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales . vl - 123 ur - urltoken pb - linnean society of new south wales . cy - sydney , py - 2001 sp - 89 ep - 99 sn - 0370 - 047x au - jefferys , e a au - fox , b j er -
more study has recently been conducted on this small creature and results have shown it to be a tough survivor . more trapping efforts have been made for two studies based at the university of new england , one in the pilliga state forests and one in the pilliga nature reserve .
the smoky mouse is currently rated as
vulnerable
and appears to be declining in numbers in the wild . its range is fragmented and it appears to be extinct in some areas such as the
no specific habitat type has been identified for the pilliga mouse as specimens have been captured in different vegetation types within the pilliga scrub ( fox & briscoe 1980 ) . these included mixed eucalyptus , acacia and callitris open forest . the pilliga mouse is found in greatest abundance in recently burnt moist gullies , areas dominated by broombush ( melaleuca uncinata ) and areas containing an understorey of acacia burrowii with a corymbia trachyphloia overstorey . consistent features of the latter two habitats were : a relatively high plant species richness ; a moderate to high low - shrub cover ; site moisture retention ; and groundcover of plants , litter and fungi . areas with high rates of capture have extensive low grasses and sedges , with little shrub cover and large areas of ash - covered ground ( fox & briscoe 1980 ; nsw decc 2005ad ; tokushima et al . 2008 ) .
cockburn , a . , 1981b . population regulation and dispersion of the smoky mouse , pseudomys fumeus 1 . dietary determinants of microhabitat preference . aust . j . ecol . 6 : 231 - 254 .
spring - time seems to be a period of dispersal for the pilliga mouse , as capture rates dropped off at this time . pregnant females are probably finding areas of good seed resources for her growing family and need the space . some mothers will stay in the preferred over - winter areas , but all males and year - old animals appear to leave .
white cypress pine is the most widespread tree in the pilliga project area , and in the pilliga forests more broadly . this species is found in various associations ( vegetation types ) with other eucalypts including narrow - leaved ironbark , several species of red gums , rough - barked apple , pilliga box and poplar box , as well as bull oak and belah . less commonly occurring tree species include black cypress pine , brown bloodwood and broad - leaved ironbark .
we determined preferences of the pilliga mouse , pseudomys pilligaensis , for habitat attributes ( ground and vegetation cover ) through phases of a population irruption , and characterised refuge sites used when environmental conditions were unfavourable . in general , p . pilligaensis preferred areas with substrate dominated by sand and shrubs rather than rock or litter . however , its habitat . . . [ show full abstract ]
identified threats to the pilliga mouse include loss or degradation of habitat through inappropriate fire regimes , forestry operations and broombrush harvesting ; predation by feral cats ( felis catus ) and foxes ( vulpes vulpes ) ; and competition from the common house mouse ( mus musculus ) ( dickman et al . 2000 ; threatened species scientific committee 2008dg ) . forestry associated threats are particularly important in forests with > 30 % cover of low shrubs ( below 50 cm in height ) , an absence of tall understorey ( at 2 m height ) and a > 20 cm layer of sand ( nsw decc 2005ad ) .
in common with most australian woodlands , the pilliga project area , and the broader pilliga forests , have lost almost their entire suite of small to medium - sized mammals , primarily as a result of predation by feral cats and foxes . awc plans to reintroduce at least six species of threatened mammals to a large feral predator - free fenced area in the pilliga , including the western quoll , western barred bandicoot , bilby , brush - tailed bettong , bridled nailtail wallaby and plains mouse . most of these species have not been found in nsw national parks for over a century . these species will help restore a number of important ecological processes , dispersing seeds and spores , and helping retain nutrients and water .
these studies looked at the population , ecology , physiology , diet and habitat selection of this mouse . a large fire swept through the pilliga in 1997 , making it possible to monitor the post - fire consequences for this species . the studies have shown that at times this animal is locally abundant , while at other times only the odd animal is caught , often in the same areas .
elvira and the pilliga mouse is an engrossing story of self - discovery for young readers . elvira is a wedge - tailed eagle who is blown away from taronga zoo in a storm and decides to use the opportunity to find her father in the goonoo forest before heading back to the zoo . so ensues an exciting journey for elvira who saves humans and creatures in need along the way .
braithwaite , r . w . and brady , p . , 1993 . the delicate mouse , pseudomys delicatulus : a continous breeder waiting for the good times . aust . mammal . 16 ( 1 ) : 94 - 8 .
the pilliga project area comprises the pilliga national park ( gilgai section ) and the pilliga state conservation area in the north west slopes and plains region of new south wales . the region experiences a semi - arid climate . most of the creeks in the pilliga are dry sand - beds which flow only during significant rain events . the forests have developed on relatively infertile soils ; adjacent fertile soils of the liverpool plains and namoi valley have been heavily cleared for agriculture . the pilliga project area supports species and ecosystems that are typical of the western slopes and plains of nsw and , given its size , it represents a significant reservoir for these species . however , a number of species associated with more mesic eastern forests , such as the koala and glossy black cockatoo , also occur in the project area . within the pilliga , there is a gradient in fertility from higher elevations in the south - east to the more fertile ‘outwash zone’ in the north - west ; this gradient determines habitat quality for a number of species .
the diet of the pilliga mouse , pseudomys pilligaensis , was analysed from 430 faecal samples collected from ∼340 individuals across different seasons over a period of five years that included a wild fire and subsequent irruption and sharp decline of the population . the primary food items in all seasons were seeds and fruits from diverse plant species , but the mice also consumed a wide range of . . . [ show full abstract ]
pilliga east state forest is a large forest , woodland and scrub remnant , contiguous with pilliga west , the pilliga nature reserve and other state forests to the south . along with several smaller state forests in its immediate vicinity , pilliga east state forest covers an area of over 200 000 ha , with the whole pilliga covering an area of approximately 500 000 ha . the study area is a relatively small section of this forest ( ` 20 000ha ) though it contains a mosaic of different habitats , mostly ironbark / cypress / oak forests , mixed eucalypt woodlands , a broombush - dominated scrub , mallee and other acacia - dominated scrubs . there are many different associations within each of these types , often occurring together over very small areas . why such a level of high habitat heterogeneity is found here may be related to a combination of geomorphic , climatic and pyric factors .
the source of sandy sediments is almost certainly from the low sandstone ridges in the south east section of the pilliga , deposited over geological time , these soils are high in silica and relatively nutrient - poor ( hart 1990 ) . today the whole of the pilliga is drained by a complex system of intermittent or deep drainages which flow north into the namoi river . the creek beds that cut through the pilliga are usually dry except after rains , although much of the rainfall is retained as water in the extensive clay dome .
vincent , j . m . , and crofts , f . c . ( 1958 ) . ‘pasture improvement in the pilliga . ’ ( university of sydney : sydney . )
within the pilliga region this species is largely restricted to low - nutrient deep sand soils which are recognised as supporting a distinctive vegetation type referred to as the pilliga scrub . recent studies indicate that the pilliga mouse is found in greatest abundance in recently burnt moist gullies , areas dominated by broombush and areas containing an understorey of kurricabah ( acacia burrowii ) with a bloodwood ( corymbia trachyphloia ) overstorey . consistent features of the latter two habitats were : a relatively high plant species richness ; a moderate to high density of low - level shrub cover ; and a moist groundcover of plants , litter and fungi . the gully where the highest rates of capture were encountered had an extensive cover of low grasses and sedges , with little shrub cover and large areas of ash - covered ground .
the pilliga mouse is a small rodent with grey fur and a white belly . its dark tail ends with a small , black tuft . this species grows to 8 cm long , with a tail to 8 cm long , and weighs 616 . 5 g ( mean 11 g and larger weights are recorded in peak population periods ) . this species is distinguished by its relatively long hindfeet ( strahan 1998 ; tokushima & jarman 2008 ) .
tokushima and colleagues ( 2008 ) successfully used elliott live traps ( 33 x 10 x 9 cm ) baited with peanut butter and rolled oats for the trapping of the pilliga mouse . traps were shaded from frost and sunlight , and insulated in winter to maintain the welfare of caught specimens ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) . traps were modified to be triggered by specimens as small as 8 g ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) .
@ article { bhlpart47464 , title = { the diet of the pilliga mouse , pseudomys pilligaensis ( rodentia : muridae ) from the pilliga scrub , northern new south wales } , journal = { proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales . } , volume = { 123 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . } , url = urltoken publisher = { sydney , linnean society of new south wales . } , author = { jefferys , e a and fox , b j } , year = { 2001 } , pages = { 89 - - 99 } , }
there were two good reasons to explore the pilliga . i’m working on a book about toxins in the food chain and i’d heard about contaminated water spills associated with coal seam gas exploration at the pilliga . locals are also worried coal seam gas development could affect the groundwater they depend on for irrigation and stock water – some see it as a pathway to contamination of crops and meat .
a natural resources commission ( nrc ) report kept under wraps since september was released on december 8 . it recommends logging and grazing of state conservation areas in the pilliga , north of coonabarabran .
by now tony has forgiven me my lateness , has decided i’m not a spy ( a common occurrence on this trip ) , and smiles , laughing at his jokes about the pilliga yowie . he opens up .
the launch in the pilliga highlighted awc’s commitment to practical land management ( including the control of feral animals such as feral cats ) , based on good science , delivered while working as part of the local community .
the available genetic evidence ( i . e . presence of mitochondrial dna similar to both p . delicatulus and p . novahollandiae in specimens of p . pillagaensis ) indicates that p . pilligaensis is either a stabilised natural hybrid or a hybridised population of p . delicatulus or p . novahollandiae ( eldridge 2015 , pers . comm . ) . this evidence has led some authorities to treat the pilliga mouse as a southern population of the non - significant delicate mouse ( pseudomys delicatulus ) ( afd 2015 ; breed & ford 2007 ; van dyck & strahan 2008 ; woinarski et al . 2014 ) . the australian museum , however , argues that the current data is insufficient to distinguish amongst these options and that a more detailed study is required to resolve the matter ( eldridge 2015 , pers . comm . ) .
this animal is probably capable of travelling long distances to find refuge habitat and capable of putting up with times of overcrowding . predation is a real threat during this time of the mouse’s life ; the only known predator , the owl , probably take its biggest toll on this animal straight after fires .
the science team in the pilliga is led by dr rod kavanagh . science staff include three wildlife ecologists : dr leah kemp , laurence berry and viyanna leo ; and two field ecologists , jennifer lewis and chris malam .
awc is contracted to deliver a suite of land management and science services in the pilliga and at mallee cliffs . the initial term of the contract is for 10 years , with possible extension of up to 40 years .
we’ve had some wins – the main offender , santos , has met with ongoing delays due to community opposition and lost over $ 1 billion of its shareholder’s money on the narrabri gas project in the pilliga forest so far .
given the wide habitat selection by this species , p . pilligaensis cannot be regarded as a habitat or even a pyric stage specialist . it is more likely to be limited in its habitat selection by other microhabitat factors , such as a gradient in the cover of low shrubs and depth of the sandy substrate , perhaps selecting a particular suite of shrubs . however , broombush , heath and kurricabah / bloodwood scrub support populations of this species in both early and late successional stages of vegetation and may be important habitat for p . pilligaensis . the extent of these scrub habitat types in pilliga east is about 20 000 ha out of a total of over 200 000 ha for the whole state forest . this scrub occurs in only small patches outside pilliga east . bearing in mind that this species density is very sparse except where over - wintering congregations occur , this is a very restricted distribution for a small rodent . however its scattered presence in shrubby woodlands of pilliga east and the adjacent pilliga nature reserve indicate that it is capable of occupying a range habitats within the pilliga region as long as a favourable set of habitat conditions exist .
when i first saw this book i was unsure what to make of it . is it a chapter book or picture book ? why is it so big and who is its target audience ? to allay my confusion i incorporated elvira and the pilliga mouse into my daughters’ nighttime reading routine . on its completion i asked if i should give this unique story a good review to which my six - year - old daughter responded , “ well , it’s very detailed with lots of exciting parts . give it a good review , mum . ”
awc is the only conservation organisation to measure in a robust scientific manner the ecological health of a network of sanctuaries . awc field ecologists will measure the ecological health of the pilliga over time . in particular , we will measure :
biodiversity metrics : measures of the abundance of threatened and iconic species still extant in the pilliga , including the barking owl , koala and threatened woodland birds , many of which are expected to benefit from the control of feral predators .
one survey observed an irruptive population in post fire habitat during a high rainfall period ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) . it is unknown which of these factors is more important for the pilliga mouse : rainfall , and associated food availability , is known to lead to population increases in arid and semi arid rodents ; similarly , other rodent species have shown higher population densities in areas of regenerating vegetation ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) . a study reported sparse populations following wet years in an area unburnt for 14–30 years ( fox & briscoe 1980 ) .
fox , b . j . & d . a . briscoe ( 1980 ) . pseudomys pilligaensis , a new species of murid rodent from the pilliga scrub , northern new south wales . australian mammalogy . 3 : 109 - 126 .
i meet tony pickard on the side of the highway at the x - line road turn - off . he’s a grazier at the pilliga and he’s offered to show me some of the spill sites before we do a recorded interview .
a feature of awc’s science and land management at the pilliga project area will be the establishment of a large ( 5 , 900 ha ) fox and cat - free area . along with our mallee cliffs project , this will be the first large feral predator - free area in the nsw national parks estate . this will pave the way for the reintroduction of a suite of mammals , such as the bilby , that became extinct in the pilliga more than 100 years ago .
fox , b . j . and briscoe , d . a . , 1980 . pseudomys pilligaensis , a new species of murid rodent from the pilliga scrub , northern new south wales . aust . mammal . 3 : 109 - 26 .
an unlikely alliance of farmers , graziers , environmentalists and aboriginal people is working to prevent coal seam gas development in the pilliga and surrounding farmland . in july i decided to drive to the north west plains to find out what was going on .
are larger and a darker more slate - grey above . it has a black eye - ring and dark grey muzzle . the feet are light pink , and the ears a grey - pink . the tail is longer than the mouse ' s body , and is pink with a brownish stripe along the top . mice from east of
the scheme to log pilliga’s conservation reserves is illegal under the national parks and wildlife act , 1974 , has no environmental benefit and will cost the taxpayer money . trying to recover some of the tax dollars will only make the proposed logging scheme worse .
after about a year’s growth in the right habitats , the mouse is again able to find suitable cover and forage . many of the plants , such as the melaleucas , grow back quickly after fire by sending sprouts up from the underground tubers . so by the second autumn , a number of large congregations were found in these low shrubby plains .
pilliga mice live communally in simple burrow systems , comprised of two entrances and nest chamber , lined with leaves , some 20–30 cm below the surface . they may stay in these same burrows for up to six months of the year , particularly during the cooler months .
i very much enjoyed reading your pate blog entry about your trip to the pilliga . apart from being a superbly written blog , it was particularly resonant for me as i lived in narrabri in 1986 - 87 , as a young visual arts teacher at the local government high school .
thank you for sharing your experiences up there , and for doing so in such a well - crafted and compelling blog post . i have been working on some teaching resources for the new australian curriculum – geography ; your pilliga blog contains some tremendously useful context in relation to those resources .
the pilliga national park - state conservation area will be the site of one of two massive feral cat and fox - free areas to be established by awc , paving the way for the return to nsw of 10 of the world’s most threatened mammal species including the numbat , the bilby and the bridled nailtail wallaby .
the commission’s alleges that white cypress pine thickets are environmentally damaging to the pilliga’s woodlands . this is just ‘pr spin’ to justify commercial logging of reserves . the nrc recommends that cypress thickets larger than a hectare with more than just 11 per cent canopy cover should be logged , affecting 57 , 000 hectares of reserves .
july 25 , 2016 : the member for barwon , kevin humphries mp , travelled into the vast pilliga forest ( near narrabri , north - west nsw ) today to launch the historic awc - nsw national parks partnership with rob smith ( regional manager , nsw - npws ) and atticus fleming ( awc chief executive ) .
this little - known taxon is restricted to the pilliga area which consists of mixed eucalyptus - callitris open woodland , with a heath or shrub understorey on sandy soil and sandstone ridges ( lee 1995 , fox 1995 , paull et al . 2014 ) . the females give birth to an average of three young ( fox 1995 ) .
extending over half a million hectares , the pilliga forests are the largest consolidated block of forest and woodlands in western new south wales . the forests are dominated by white cypress pine as well as a number of eucalypt species , supporting many native plants and animals which have disappeared from the surrounding landscape . iconic species include the koala and barking owl .
a total of 10 040 trap - nights were conducted in 14 habitats of pilliga east and adjacent state forests . one survey period was undertaken between 1993 - 94 , a second between 1997 - 98 and a third in 1999 . all surveys used a consistent trapping design , by placing the traps in series along transects for at least 100 metres .
deborah briggs is a gomeroi woman whose father was a sleeper cutter in the pilliga , and his father before him . she practically grew up in the pilliga . as a gomeroi woman she is obliged to protect the waters of the great artesian basin . she is frustrated that governments and businesses go straight to the land councils to consult rather than the wider aboriginal community . deborah is frequently on facebook receiving and sharing information about coal seam gas . something that struck me about the interviews was how it seemed women were the main drivers of the campaigns and that social media was instrumental in the organisation , communication and networking . it has to have played a role in the formation and endurance of this alliance .
. . . information about its habitat is also scarce ( e . g . fox and briscoe 1980 ; fox 1995 ; paull 2009 ; paull et al . 2014 ) . development of coal - seam gas extraction in the pilliga scrub has been proposed , stimulating concerns about impacts on the habitats and conservation status of p . pilligaensis . . . .
the opener is tragic , what a lack of understanding this person has for the beauty and wildlife of this place . obviously we need to a bit more education on the biodiversity value of the pilliga , the largest temperate woodland in eastern australia , home to over 30 threatened fauna , 12 threatened flora , 2000 plant species , 30 plant communities… . cameron , who were you talking to or is this just your view ? yes the gas and fire have damaged much of the eastern side – but i suggest you talk to people who understand the natural value of the place or travel more extensively in the pilliga . the natural values are one of the main reasons why it is worth stopping the gas field .
across the 35 , 000 ha pilliga project area , awc will implement a landscape - scale feral animal control program combined with intensive weed control and , in collaboration with the npws , effective fire management . in addition , a range of biodiversity research projects will examine the effects of feral animal control and the ecological benefits associated with the reintroduction of small mammals .
it creates a strange blend of heartbreak and anger when looking at your account of what is going on in the pilliga . your description of it as being burnt out and battered is spot - on , and yet as you and others have seen , it’s still a fragile an ecosystem , particularly when subjected to the threat of csg leaks and water table contamination .
the pilliga is a beaten - up burnt - out forest where the creeks flow underground and the trees grow barely as wide as a child’s arm . its grasses have been eaten and its soils pulverised , its timber ringbarked and wood - chipped . it is criss - crossed with fire breaks and narrow old logging roads . wild boars tear out from its sandy watercourses and wind whips dust into your eyes here .
in 2004 a small gas exploration company fracked its second coal seam at ‘bibblewindi 1’ . hardly anyone paid attention . a local told me later the pilliga is the perfect place to work discreetly : you only have to go a few metres back from the road and the dense - packed trees will hide you . no one suspected these mysterious activities in the bush would expand over the next ten years to become a 98 , 000 hectare project with over 800 wells planned .
in partnership with the nsw national parks and wildlife service , awc will establish large ( 5 , 000 ha – 8 , 0000 ha ) feral predator - free areas in the pilliga and at mallee cliffs using conservation fencing . wild populations of threatened mammal species such as bilbies , numbats and western quoll will then be re - established in these areas . a beyond the fence strategy will also be developed to provide for the release of mammals , where feasible , into unfenced sections of each national park .
australia has the worst mammal extinction record in the world and almost 30 % of surviving terrestrial mammals are at risk of extinction . one of the biggest threats to native wildlife is feral cats . feral cats kill millions of native animals every night . by creating feral free areas such as those being implemented at mallee cliffs and the pilliga , awc and the nsw government are creating safe environments where vulnerable wildlife can survive and in time , grow in population . this project will help turn back the tide of extinctions .
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previous study on the habitat selection of p . pilligaensis was undertaken by lim ( 1992 unpbl . ) in the pilliga nature reserve , who found a similar selection for habitat with a high shrub cover , high plant species richness and a sandy substrate . the habitats where p . pilligaensis were detected were sandstone ridge with open woodland or mallee and in e . fibrosa / c . trachyphloia woodlands with a dense heath layer . this species is still being caught at some of these same locations , as well as in rocky outcrops with a tall heath and woodlands with a very sparse understorey ( stuart green , pers . comm . , 1999 ) which is not entirely consistent with the results of this study . fox and briscoe ( 1980 ) reported this species to be in low densities in heathy scrub and in woodlands of various associations with a sparse understorey .
the habitats of the pilliga overlays a very old , jurassic sandstone , much of which is exposed as low ridges and eroded gullies . the soils are derived from non - marine alluvial sediments which have covered up much of the sandstone bedrock . the soils are generally of two main types . one is a duplex clay soil with a sandy a horizon overlaying a solid clay b horizon or rocky substrate . . the depth of the sandy horizon can vary enormously from 5 - 100 cm and the colours from grey , brown to red and yellow . each variation consistently supports different vegetation types . these soils are well leached and nutrient poor , the clay horizons trap much of the water for plant growth . the other main soil type found are deep earths and loamy soils , with less clay in the lower soil strata , formed by the fluvial transport from the upper darling drainage . their colour also varies from black to light brown .
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for information to assist regulatory considerations , refer to policy statements and guidelines , the conservation advice , the listing advice and / or the recovery plan .
department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts ( 2008 ) .
. canberra : department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts . available from :
. department of sustainability , environment , water , population and communities . canberra , act : department of sustainability , environment , water , population and communities . available from :
recovery plan not required , included on the not commenced list ( 1 / 11 / 2009 ) .
department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts ( dewha ) ( 2008 ) .
survey guidelines for australia ' s threatened mammals . epbc act survey guidelines 6 . 5
( department of sustainability , environment , water , population and communities ( dsewpac ) , 2011 ) [ admin guideline ] .
listed as data deficient ( global status : iucn red list of threatened species : 2017 . 1 list )
the distribution shown is generalised from the departments species of national environmental significance dataset . this is an indicative distribution map of the present distribution of the species based on best available knowledge . some species information is withheld in line with sensitive species polices . see map caveat for more information .
for the purpose of the environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 ( epbc act ) , the species listed as pseudomys pilligaensis in the epbc act list of threatened species is treated as a valid taxon .
tokushima and colleagues ( 2008 ) undertook surveys between september 1997 and september 2001 to model the density of this species at a site north of coonabarabran .
tokushima and colleagues ( 2008 ) showed a population density peak of 15–90 mice / ha ( from a low of 0–5 mice / ha ) during a population irruption . this increase occurred 20 months after a wildfire during a high rainfall period .
breeding habitat for the species has been recorded as broombush scrub , corymbia / acacia woodlands and red gum ( eucalyptus chloroclada ) / rough - barked apple ( angophora floribunda ) / corymbia heathy woodlands . in some instances broad - leaved ironbark ( eucalyptus fibrosa ) , dwyer ' s red gum ( eucalyptus dwyeri ) and scribbly gum ( eucalyptus rossii ) dominate overstorey , and calytrix tetragona dominates the understorey of breeding habitat ( paull & milledge 2011 ) . broombush used as over wintering and breeding sites tend to consist of young ( 1 . 5–3 year regrowth ) or mature ( > 25 years old ) trees ( paull 2009 ; paull & milledge 2011 ) .
topography of sites where this species is found include rolling landscapes with low relief on sandy soil and sandstone ridges ( lee 1995 ; tokushima et al . 2008 ) . this species occurs in an area of of low - nutrient deep sands with mean annual rainfall of approximately 750 mm ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) .
during non - peak population periods distribution is patchy and during peak periods distribution is ubiquitous ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) . no low density non - peak refugia have been identified .
reproductively active females have been detected in all trapping periods , including winter . the peak breeding season is between october and april ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) . peak population densities occur towards the end of the breeding season ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) . some females have been observed to have multiple litters during a single breeding season and breeding during successive summers has been observed ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) .
population irruptions have been observed in disturbed ( including post fire ) habitats during high rainfall periods . peak densities occur approximately 20 months following disturbance events . population declines , following a peak , are rapid and may be the result of shortage of food , social suppression of reproduction , predation and disease ( tokushima et al . 2008 ) .
tokushima and jarman ( 2008 ) measured average movement distances of 40 m ( range 0181 m ) for recaptured individuals , however , larger movement patterns cannot be disregarded .


cleonymia yvanii is a moth of the noctuidae family .

it is found in portugal , north-eastern spain , southern france and north-eastern italy .

the wingspan is 18 – 25 mm .

adults are variable in colour , ranging from ochre to greyish brown .

adults are on wing from the end of april to mid july in one generation per year .

the larvae feed on helianthemum species .

they can be found in late summer .

the species overwinters in the pupal stage .

cleonymia yvanii

fauna europaea 2 . 4 [ 449173 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) : fauna europaea [ urltoken ] [ as cleonymia yvanii ( duponchel , 1833 ) ] data retrieved on : 9 march 2012
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: angiospermivora regier , c . mitter , kristensen , davis , van nieukerken , rota , simonsen , k . t . mitte , kawahara , yen , cummings & zwick , 2015
: euheteroneura regier , c . mitter , kristensen , davis , van nieukerken , rota , simonsen , k . t . mitte , kawahara , yen , cummings & zwick , 2015
national inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .
the data comes from archaeological sites , essentially directly related to human activity . species presence can have a varied origin : food leftovers ( farming , hunting , fishing or harvesting ) ; crafts ( working shell , horn , but also bones preserved inside prepared skin , etc . . . ) with the possibility of interaction between human group ; commensal anthropophilic species ( rat , mouse , sparrow , cockroach ) ; or accidentally present species .
do not be surprised to find cod or mackerel in paris in the late middle ages ( 14th - 15th c . ) . . . the sea did not come that far , but trade did .
in compliance with laws and intellectual property practices in the scientific world , unpublished data under five years ( from excavation reports , analyses , but also academia ) is never communicated .
the dots represent the sites for which a study ( or a simple recording ) of fauna and / or flora was performed ; these sites were recorded in the database zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical inventories of france ( i2af ) . the lack of dots can mean both a lack of data and / or lack of recording .
the dots remain gray when the selected species is absent from the site . symbols of different colour mark the presence of the species in different periods .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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scrappy t ( foaled in kentucky on march 31 , 2002 ) was an american thoroughbred racehorse .

a descendant of sunny 's halo , he was sired by fit to fight by breeder upson downs farm .

scrappy t was a multiple graded stakes winner but will be remembered most for his near fatal collision with afleet alex and gutsy runner-up finish in the 2005 preakness stakes .

scrappy t

but scrappy t hasn’t always been the horse with the “whatever” attitude that danielle speaks of .
scrappy t sticks out his tongue during his morning bath at the pimlico racetrack in baltimore , may 18 , 2005 . scrappy t came in second at pimlico .
speaking of scrappy t , where is em / xctrygirl ? ' haven ' t heard from her here in a while . . .
and when the occasional guest fancies a hack around the farm , scrappy t is happy to oblige .
scrappy t turned in a five - furlong work in : 58 2 / 5 at bowie thursday .
• entering the preakness scrappy t had won three of nine career starts and earned $ 279 , 120 .
danielle mason enjoys a moment with former horse racing star scrappy t , who now lives on her family’s county farm . scrappy t made national news when he finished second in the preakness in 2005 . | photo by michael copley
the hard lesson taught him to fight for his wins .
you do have to be scrappy ,
he says .
if we weren ' t scrappy , if we weren ' t resilient , we could have just quit .
scrappy t rewarded that faith with a win in aqueduct ' s count fleet stakes in the first outing . next came a third in the whirlaway before diving into grade 1 company in the wood memorial . scrappy t wound up third in bellamy road ' s romp . three weeks later , however , scrappy t had things his way , winning the grade 3 withers .
afleet alex made an incredible comeback to win the preakness stakes after clipping heels with eventual 2nd place finisher scrappy t .
herbert t was not an actual
half brother
to scrappy . he ' s not related at all . . . urltoken only by having the
t
at the end of his name did some folks think he was . however scrappy was named for his owner ' s grandson , whose name began with a
t
mention the horse ' s name to the average racing fan and they ' ll relay the play - by - play in their mind ' s eye of those few seconds when scrappy t veered sharply into the path of eventual winner afleet alex . smart money says the same fans won ' t have too many kind words for scrappy t .
too much urban growth is fueled by retirees , not scrappy citizens seeking a better future .
move to powhatan means scrappy is living the good life , fox hunting with his handler danielle .
william mason estimates scrappy t grossed between $ 940 , 000 and $ 950 , 000 over his career . “he was a big money horse , ” said danielle .
scrappy t , who has never finished worse than third in nine lifetime starts despite his usual involvement in setting or forcing a strong early pace , is aptly named .
you can complain that you don’t have enough money , connections , etc , or you can be scrappy and find a clever way to use the limited resources you’ve got .
afleet alex , with jeremy rose aboard , ( 12 ) keeps his balance after being knocked to his knees by scrappy t ( 5 ) at the top of the stretch to win the 130th preakness stakes may 21 , 2005 at pimlico race course in baltimore . scrappy t came in second . at left is high limit with edgar prado aboard .
in his ten starts , scrappy t has never finished out of the money while racing primarily in stakes races at aqueduct . scrappy t is nominated to the $ 500 , 000 colonial turf cup june 25 and the $ 750 , 000 virginia derby ( gr . iiit ) july 16 at colonial downs to kick off the inaugural $ 5 million grand slam of grass .
danielle worked at the tracks around scrappy t beginning in 2005 , but she hadn’t the chance to handle him until now . “he was the big shot back then , ” she says , flashing a proud smile at the behemoth in the stall behind us .
just browsing her photo ' s & thought i ' d add a link to a pic of scrappy breezing . urltoken
a different delaware - based horse , afleet alex , became the hero ; scrappy t ? – ? to many ? – ? the villain . bailes and dowell went back to the pimlico stakes barn befuddled but grateful that neither horse went down . getting their breath and their wits , they waited for scrappy t , ayala and daignault - salvaggio to return from the test barn .
it was the gasp heard round the world . and 10 years later , the team behind 2005 preakness stakes runner - up scrappy t still runs the gamut of emotions whenever the subject is broached .
jeremy rose comes out of the saddle after winning aboard afleet alex while ramon dominguez riding scrappy t comes in second during the 130th preakness stakes may 21 , 2005 at pimlico race course in baltimore .
jockey ramon dominguez answers a reporter ' s question during a news conference at the pimlico racetrack , may 18 , 2005 , in baltimore . dominguez was to ride scrappy t in the preakness stakes .
invested tens of millions of dollars in the scrappy start - up . more than three decades later , micron remains based in boise .
scrappy t is huge , with muscles that bulge at the joints and a brown coat that glistens even against a gray sky . he’s absolutely impressive , and it’s obvious this animal can move very , very quickly .
it didn ' t feel like me at all ,
kate said .
i felt really bad about straddling this buff guy . i didn ' t like it . i couldn ' t get out of bed for two weeks .
scrappy t had enough graded stakes earnings to run in the kentucky derby ( gr . i ) but ran in the withers ( gr . iii ) at aqueduct instead , which he won . three weeks later he was the runner up in the preakness ( gr . i ) to afleet alex in a memorable triple crown race because the winner nearly went down when the leading scrappy t veered into his path at the top of the pimlico stretch .
t . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .
2 . hmm… i’m not too sure right now . i can’t think of anybody .
as a side note , i used to gallop a horse named herbert t in ny , a half bro to scrappy . any word on him ? he was always such a love , just curious if he found a good home .
– the stakes winner breezed three furlongs in : 37 . 60 at pimlico wednesday morning in preparation for saturday ' s preakness stakes . jockey ramon dominguez , who picked up the mount on scrappy t , was aboard for the workout .
my father taught me if you don ' t have anything good to say , don ' t say anything , and that ' s my comment ,
ritchey said .
as 14 horses were entered wednesday for saturday ' s preakness stakes ( gr . i ) , scrappy t turned his final workout , getting three furlongs in : 37 3 / 5 in what was described as a
maintenance work .
marshall dowell ' s scrappy t has been a strong pace factor in most of his races , but the gelded son of fit to fight gave his trainer every indication that he can be rated just off the pace during his withers victory .
it ' s amazing that horse didn ' t breakdown . when you look at the stills from that mishap it almost looks impossible that the horse didn ' t break his leg .
“you were a great candidate , but don’t have the years of experience we want . ”
if we didn’t like working with each other , we’d part ways — no hard feelings .
the founder might have a deep passion for it , even if mike doesn ' t .
jeremy rose celebrates from the saddle as he rides afleet alex past the finish may 21 , 2005 as ramon dominquez on scrappy t , left , and high limit ridden by edgar prado at pimlico race course in baltimore during the 130th preakness stakes .
some of the most important innovations in the last century have come about because of scrappy entrepreneurs ( remember , steve jobs started apple in his basement ) .
“he’s a true gentleman , ” said danielle mason , the horse’s handler . the six - year - old horse’s name is scrappy t and he took second place in the 2005 preakness after a thrilling five - win lead - up to the race .
always keep in mind that the world is ever - changing . don’t let yourself lag behind .
5 things you didn ' t know about micron technology , inc . - - the motley fool
we were scrappy enough to get something off the ground in one night to get the attention of someone willing to invest in our product . talk about product validation .
bailes sent scrappy t out five times at 2 ; on halloween , he broke his maiden at delaware park in his third start and finished second in two aqueduct allowance races to close the year . bailes was confident enough to consider stakes to start the sophomore campaign .
scrappy t eightbelles , thanks for bringing up scrappy t , one of my favorite horses of the past 10 years . there was something so cool and brave about him . my friend emily frequently galloped him coming up to the preakness and said he was such a neat horse ( emily posts on this board under another name ) to ride . around that time she got to gallop a lot of really classy horses . i loved his run in the withers . such a heart ! and now i ' m so happy that we ' ll see him in eventing competitions - can ' t think of a better horse for a sport . hallie
kids are generally more impulsive than adults because they haven’t yet experienced the consequences of making bad choices .
on cue , the son of northern afleet made a scorching run in the middle of the far turn and was bearing down on leader , scrappy t . but off the turn , scrappy t bore out under left - handed urging from ramon dominguez and afleet alex , right on his heels , stumbled badly . afleet alex ' s rider , jeremy rose , nearly came out of the saddle but both jockey and horse made a stunning recovery . not only did they stay upright , but afleet alex took off and won the race by 4 3 / 4 lengths .
racing fans will be deprived of a rematch between the top two finishers of the dramatic may 21 preakness won by afleet alex . trainer robbie bailes and owner marshall dowell have decided that runner - up scrappy t will not run in the belmont stakes ( gr . i ) june 11 .
while being scrappy , nimble , transparent , collaborative , and empathetic helps you design effectively and efficiently at a startup , there is still one thing you need that cannot be trained .
but race horses aren’t all as lucky as scrappy t . they face a variety of fates when their professional careers are over , usually when the horse is about six years old . danielle mentions a new foundation for retired racers - a program that gives the horses to prisoners , as a sort of therapy for both parties . in other cases the horses are given away , and sometimes they are led to slaughter .
bailes and dowell have been careful in selecting the right spots for scrappy t . , a gelding by fit to fight . in march , they passed on the gotham ( gr . iii ) in favor of the wood memorial ( gr . i ) because they thought the races were too close together .
binary pitched lps on the idea that they were sourcing deals in “fresh , ” “scrappy” and “youthful” ways . some women involved in this orbit have a darker take on what those adjectives meant .
i invited mike michalowicz on mixergy to give examples of how he was scrappy when he started his businesses , and help you come up with your own creative solutions for doing more with less .
scrappy t ( usa ) dkb / br . g , 2002 { 1 - h } dp = 9 - 5 - 6 - 0 - 0 ( 20 ) di = 5 . 67 cd = 1 . 15 - 17 starts , 3 wins , 7 places , 2 shows career earnings : $ 645 , 919
i don ' t think ramon did anything out of line ,
said rose , whose preakness victory was his first in a triple crown race .
ramon wasn ' t beating on him ; he just hit him one time .
andrew , i ' m digging your new style of format on your “scrappy - tips” . it ' s very easy to read and you give some great points . i just re - tweeted : )
“dude , you don’t need to do that . if you’re willing to spend that money , why don’t you just come out to sf , line up interviews , and simultaneously look for a job ? get the initial experience you need elsewhere . ”
if you haven’t noticed , i’m big on building relationships — asking for nothing but their time and experiences . here are some key players who really made all the difference for me . feel free to reach out to them . they don’t bite .
it wasn ' t very vogue , i suppose ,
kate said later .
it was very corinne .
and when she did ,
added corinne ,
i found i didn ' t think her beautiful anymore .
at zugata , we’re building something that never existed before , meaning we don’t always have data to help with design decisions .
in a terrifying instant , afleet alex nearly went down after his left front hoof clipped scrappy t ' s right rear . traveling at top speed , the colt - - and jockey jeremy rose - - somehow managed to maintain footing and avoid what could have been a catastrophe in front of a record crowd of 115 , 318 .
scrappy t made three more starts in 2005 , finishing second in the indiana derby - g2 and discovery handicap - g3 . after a hiatus of more than two years , he returned as a 6 - year - old in 2008 . four mediocre efforts were enough to convince bailes and dowell that it was time to close the book .
as they did in their previous roles , mr . teo and mr . caldbeck will take what they call a “scrappy” approach to finding companies with real potential . “the deals we want to do aren’t already in play , ” said mr . teo , who was an early investor in snapchat . “we want to make them happen . ”
on a large desktop monitor , they watched a replay and saw jockey ramon dominguez wind up twice with his whip and come down hard on the left side of his mount , leader scrappy t . recoiling from the blow , the horse veered sharply to his right - - into the path of afleet alex , who was closing with a rush .
danielle’s father , william mason , remembers a young scrappy t “so mean his first trainer slid the feed bowl under the stall because he was so scared of him . ” marshall dowell is the horse’s owner and william mason remembers that “after marshall had him snipped , he became a totally different horse . . . he got his mind off the women . ”
i ' m gratified . i feel very lucky to be in this position , but at the same time , i can ' t get caught up in the emotions , because i have a job to do ,
said the elkton , md . , resident .
if i don ' t sit back and do my job , obviously being the favorite isn ' t going to help .
on at least one occasion , women were told they couldn’t bring any male “ + 1s” to a party anymore , only more girls .
i couldn’t stress this enough . meeting people while on the job search doesn’t need to be transactional . build the relationship with the person , and something will come of it in the future . everybody has needs , you’d be surprised how quickly you can make yourself a fit .
scrappy t gets a daily workout , fox hunts , takes sundays off , enjoys good hay — “not the crappy stuff , ” said williams — and relishes peppermints . and he isn’t left alone in the fields with the other horses . “he’d just let them beat up on him , he’d get kicked , and he’s a two million dollar horse , ” his handler modestly concedes . the “they” williams refers to are the miniature ponies that stalk the field next to the barn ; and they’re not impressed by track times .
“i think he’s a good guy whose ego got ahead of him , ” said one long time member of teo’s party circle . “ [ when teo heard the allegations against caldbeck ] why didn’t [ teo ] stop and make this a priority ? it just shows you don’t care . ”
while we should hone our design craft , dot all our i’s and cross our t’s , these pixel - perfect mockups should be shown last .
but the what - ifs don ' t diminish the one indelible moment of that season — a horse and rider displaying the courage of champions .
it was a triple crown season of what - ifs . what if afleet alex went down and scrappy t was disqualified ? third - place finisher giacomo might have headed to the belmont with a shot at the triple crown . what if afleet alex had prevailed in the derby ? after all , he followed up his remarkable preakness victory with a thoroughly convincing seven - length win in the belmont .
5 things you didn ' t know about micron technology , inc . @ themotleyfool # stocks $ mu , $ mcd , $ utx , $ intc
it ' s much easier on me too . i don ' t have to hunt for the perfect quotes and transcribe them perfectly for this format .
once kids are old enough , teaching them to want money isn’t hard thanks to advertising . kids learn how awesome money is at a pretty young age .
i’ve written before about how glad i am that i didn’t give up on building proposify in the early days , and my experience is far from unique .
he hit him one time ,
passmore said .
how many horses do you hit left - handed and they don ' t move ?
the thing is , he was probably the soundest horse i ' ve ever trained ,
said bailes .
i ' ve had a lot of sound horses that couldn ' t run , but i don ' t think i ' ve ever had a sound horse that could run as fast as he could .
dickhertz , iirc , the owners and trainer agreed with your impression that the horse never fully recovered from the afleet alex incident . i had the chance to visit scrappy and danielle shortly after his retirement . he ' s an awfully handsome horse and very lucky in his connections .
hi l . ! we had herbert t on the trainer listings for a bit but i think he was sold within the track to another trainer to continue racing .
“the fresh perspective sees binary bet on founders that don’t match what teo calls ‘outdated’ patterns — white investors fundings founders in their network that look just like them . ”
my calendar was scary — a lot of meetings which i didn’t even note down , because they happened literally hours after i had scheduled them . flexibility is key .
don’t fret . this could be a legitimate thing . it’s tough to just spitball names off the top of your head . it’s easy to respond in this situation .
i was bugging out . i called him immediately . we had made it through the initial screening and were asked to schedule an interview . we couldn’t believe it .
– the local hope , trained by king t . leatherbury , will ship to pimlico from laurel park on saturday morning . steve hamilton has been named to ride .
in the first days of our businesses , most of us solopreneurs are pretty scrappy , wearing the hats of ceo , intern , graphic designer , writer , and sales rep all at once . but there’s a reason you don’t see tim cook at the genius bar in the apple store or elon musk servicing teslas . to truly become the head of your own company , you need to develop the leadership skills to delegate tasks and inspire your vision in others .
he ' s going to give it his best if you put him in the water swimming ,
said dowell on thursday evening after scrappy ' s work .
but you have to think about the management of his racing career when he is 5 , 6 or 7 .
this isn’t a how - to article , but rather a knowledge drop of all the things i experienced over the past few months , and everything i’ve learned from those experiences .
lyle mckeany — the man who helped me despite being in the job search himself . he taught me paying it forward doesn’t always have to happen after you “make it . ”
win , lose or draw , we had finished second in the preakness ,
daignault - salvaggio said .
the best part of my whole experience was in that test barn . there we were , two delaware park barns ? – ? every one of us who saw each other day in and day out with two of the greatest horses of our barns ' careers . nobody was more happy for each other . there was just celebration ? – ? our grooms , their grooms . we were hugging , i was petting alex , they were petting scrappy . it wasn ' t like two separate entities that never intertwined . it was the greatest memory of my life . ten years removed from the whole thing , i have the same opinion . scrappy was one helluva horse .
the momentum was startling . not all of kate ' s fellow models were welcoming , and she partly understood : she didn ' t think she was tall or beautiful enough either . she knew very little about fashion and clothes and had no real sense of style , but she worked hard and you could shoot her from any angle ; not one was bad . kate was enthusiastic , candid and scrappy ; she was not to be bullied and she knew how to be a bitch .
“you have to be the party girl to be surrounded by them , ” said one former member of the group , on the condition of anonymity . “they invite tons of people ,  and then rules start coming out .  . . they don’t want you to be too much of a career girl , because they aren’t fun to hang out with . ”
my friends who work at big companies get driven home in luxury town cars when they work late . entrepreneurs don’t have those luxuries . here’s how mike handled late nights at work .
but the process wasn ' t always easy or straightforward .
for me , the hardest lesson i learned was getting my credit cards ripped up ,
he says .
i would charge something and think i would be able to pay it off and then not be able to . i can ' t tell you how many credit cards i had ripped up .
today , few cities in the country combine economic dynamism with affordability . new trends , meanwhile , demonstrate that while some people are still moving , their reasons aren’t what they used to be .
i had to be self - motivated to work ; i didn’t have a boss calling me if i was late delivering . if i couldn’t do my route for some reason , like if i was sick or had a band practice after school , i had to hire one of my friends or my parents to cover it for me ( and yes , my parents accepted the payment ) .
“i learned that lesson quickly . i didn’t want to waste any time trying to code or figure out how to set up webpages . even though i wasn’t making enough money , ” she explains , “i decided to hire a virtual assistant who specialized in tech development to help me get all of my online properties set up properly . it was like i was buying back my time . ”
i didn ' t have a car that cost more than $ 200 until i was 25 , i think ,
he told money in a recent interview .
it was crazy .
meet generation impatient : the growing group of 20 - and 30 - somethings who are smart , ambitious , and all - too - eager to quit whatever it is they’re doing right now to get promoted , acquired , or make more money somewhere else . hating your job on day three ? leave and find something better . beta launch didn’t work out ? shut it down and move on . although these individuals come in different forms — from buttoned - up investment bankers to scrappy entrepreneurs — one thing is consistent : they just won’t wait . taking great pride in failing fast and increasingly looking for ways to “hack” their success in the shortest possible time frame , this group tries to exchange predictable linear career growth for an exponential trajectory .
it was baird , though , who’d called sanders and encouraged her to take the job , trusting her at the time to preserve the institution . sanders had been her husband’s chief of staff in the house of representatives and his closest political ally . “she allowed bernie to implement some of his ideas , ” says baird . “he’s a dreamer , and she helped him put those dreams into policies . i don’t know where he’d be without her . ” trustees hired her to do a similar job : midwife to a scrappy sixties - radical school .
read on . i’ll explain to you what i did to combat this and how little it actually affected me later on , because trust me , the rejection definitely didn’t stop to care about my feelings .
what’s the worst that can happen ? most of the time , the worst is something that is not really that bad . the worst for me ? going back home to my parents house in atlanta and living there until i could figure something out . don’t get me wrong . i’m 24 , and don’t want to be living in my parent’s basement . but hey , again , it’s not really that bad .
nine of the 20 fastest growing metropolitan areas in the country are retirement destinations in which deaths outnumber or roughly equal births . to put it grimly , nearly half of america’s fastest growing cities are fueled not by scrappy citizens in search of a better future , but by retirees making one last move to spend their remaining days in a pleasant place .
“more often than not , even though they know it’s a good idea to take the next step with you , they’ll usually talk themselves out of making a commitment : ‘i don’t have the time , i don’t have the money . ’ you have to hold the vision for the person on the other end of the phone to help them overcome their objections , ” she says . “the phone = financial freedom . ”
where we don’t have data ( such as the first version of a feature ) , we still have our users . we constantly reach out to them for feedback and insight . reaching out helps us make decisions on different design hypotheses we may have as a team . and by hearing what they have to say , we can quickly identify what’s working and what isn’t through their tone , body language , and facial expressions .
per equibase herbert t was sold from fingerlakes end ' 08 & headed to puerto rico ( camerero race track ) where he raced 13 times . . . last race being july 20 , 2009 . . . .
they don’t want you to be too much of a career girl . . . you have to be the party girl . . .
women speak about caldbeck , teo , and binary ' s party culture
you can encourage them to participate in team activities and observe how they interact with other kids . don’t jump in if they have trouble or if another kid is being unfair . let them work it out themselves .
my horse felt like he was looking around when we came into the stretch , but i wasn ' t expecting him to have any problems ,
dominguez said after the race .
when i hit him left - handed , he didn ' t like it and came out unexpectedly . it completely caught me off - guard . . . . it ' s still hard for me to believe he did something like that .
pando :
they don’t want you to be too much of a career girl . . . you have to be the party girl . . .
women speak about caldbeck , teo , and binary ' s party culture
“ [ teo and caldbeck ] are major connectors , ” the woman added . “your worst fear is [ teo ] won’t call you back… my friends screaming his praises [ on social media ] are afraid they’ll be blacklisted . ”
for those that helped me along the way , because there was a lot of you — know i didn’t forget you . i’m appreciative of everyone who stopped to take the time to listen to me . thank you , sincerely .
i was interested in his thoughts on self publishing / just starting your own publishing company . most wannabe authors i know regard getting a book picked up by an established publishing company as the end goal and treat not being able to do that as failure . i ' m guessing most people aren ' t aware how little of the retail price actually goes to the author or need the validation of having a publishing company tell them their book doesn ' t suck .
“yeah , ” she says , “i guess the treatment the horse gets depends a lot on the trainer , i’ve seen some really nice things and some things that weren’t , but on the whole i think they’re taken care of . ”
“if the job doesn’t deliver in the first month , i’ll know it’s time to start interviewing . ” john , a user - experience designer , spoke fast and looked on edge as he described his four - week career “vision” to me .
i am not saying education isn’t important , or that i’m representing every teacher in every school system in the world . of course , math , english and science are important . of course , plenty of teachers inspire kids to follow their dreams .
halfway through the shoot ,
corinne said ,
i realized it wasn ' t fun for her anymore , and that she was no longer my best friend but had become a model . she had realized how beautiful she was .
boy , was i right . it turns out that he’d made a similar move out to california , with little to no money , and couldn’t have advocated for it more . he constantly referenced it as one of the best decisions of his life .
we met at bravado , the coffee shop right across the street from at & t park . we had a normal conversation , nothing too mind blowing . eusden was great to speak with and promised a few introductions to a few friends of his .
it was up to me to collect payments from customers since the mail star would subtract their cut from my bank account automatically . i got to keep the profit . i needed to do some basic bookkeeping to make sure i wasn’t getting ripped off .
i ' ve seen more abuse with the stick . he ' s not been known as a big stick jockey . i don ' t see that at all . it ' s the preakness , and he ' s on the lead .
please keep it clean , turn off caps lock and don ' t threaten anyone . be truthful , nice and proactive . comments cannot be edited or deleted once posted . to flag a comment to the page administrator , click “report” next to that comment .
i think corinne actually helped kate come to terms with the fact that she wasn ' t like those models , but she wasn ' t not beautiful ,
says neil moodie , who got his big break as a hairstylist with corinne in the early ' 90s .
corinne started taking the pictures she did to prove a point , really ; to go , ' well , there ' s beauty in lots of people . it ' s not just one type that should be in a fashion magazine . '
“i want to earn as much money as i can in the next five years , then retire . ” i couldn’t help but think that carol was setting herself up for disappointment and sabotaging her own career with an unrealistic plan to scramble up the investment banking industry ladder .
it ' s just a normal routine to show respect to the starter . they don ' t actually request it , but it ' s a good thing to do to familiarize your horse ( with the gate ) and the assistant starters with your horse ,
ritchey said .
i remember seeing a yahoo article about track horses and their demise in pr . it wasn ' t pretty ( photos ) but a better end to those that get shipped for 1000 ' s of miles to mexico ! horses are a luxury especially in an island situation where most things are imported . i ' m sure pr has alot more resources than many of the cariibbean islands but i know sometimes things are in short supply so as sad as it is i ' m sure lots of excess horses to take care of and feed isn ' t high on the priority list
“we don’t feel you are a perfect fit for the [ position ] . that being said , we are rapidly growing and our needs are constantly changing , so please feel free to keep an eye on our careers page and apply to any positions that are of interest to you . ”
i don’t think it’s a coincidence that some of the most successful entrepreneurs were b students who later dropped out of college . as mentioned before , non - college graduate entrepreneurs include mark zuckerberg , steve jobs , bill gates , richard branson , larry ellison , just to name a handful .
nothing serious ,
ritchey said .
it just took a little hair off . we ' ll have to monitor him for three or four days . i ' m concerned about a muscle injury because he was contorted in a way horses aren ' t supposed to be .
at least some of those women believed the party culture was used as a way of exerting control over them , of taking advantage of a power asymmetry between powerful men in the industry and women who wanted to be part of it but didn’t have a lot of paths to making that happen .
what a steal for them , right ? and all for just $ 15 worth of parking . well , it might have been a steal for them , but i couldn’t have been more grateful . i credit most of my interviews and coffee meetings to this experience , but more on that later .
i’ll cut to the chase . after a few questions , it was very apparent we weren’t going to get through to the next round . we had zero business model , no real working prototype to download or in an app store to show — we made this in one night for pete’s sake .
i was thin ,
kate said ,
but that ' s because i was doing shows , working really hard . you ' d get to work in the morning , there was no food . nobody took you out for lunch when i started .
kate spent much of 1993 in tears . this was the same girl who ' d once been told by her mother that life wasn ' t always fun and refused to believe it :
why the fuck not ? why the fuck can ' t i have fun all the time ?
now she was beginning to see .
if my career had turned out like the fantasy i had of what it was going to be , it would never have made me happy . but i couldn & apos ; t have known that until it didn & apos ; t happen . i found a success that is so much bigger and deeper and better , and it & apos ; s because it happened later . if any of what i & apos ; m having happen now—the successes—would have happened to me when i was younger , i would have been ruined . because when you & apos ; re young , and things come super easily to you , and you have success right out of the gate , you & apos ; re liable to think that & apos ; s how it actually works . you start to think you don & apos ; t need to be fully prepared or committed to have these things meet you .
yeah , that quickly dropped to 25 messages a day . i noticed at 50 , the quality of my emails became poor . i wasn’t doing enough research on the person i was emailing beforehand and was essentially using a cookie cutter email template . therefore , my response rate was low . really low .
he looks like he shipped great ,
rose said .
it was a long ride , and we took it easy with him today . he didn ' t even get a bath because it was too chilly . he ' ll gallop thursday morning to get a look at the track .
i apologize , i have been awol for far too long . after the article came out i connected with danielle on facebook . i have just sent her a quick message with the link here and told her how you all were curious about scrap . she said she would come on over and give you an update ! ! sadly i am unable to fill you in my life at the moment as i am deeply ensconsed in my mother ' s retirement dinner at al , this evening in san francisco . the speech is written but not yet memorized . sadly for today this takes presidence . but danielle should be by soon . and at this point she has him , all i have are memories . but the old threads are out there on google just type ( in quotes )
scrappy t + xctrygirl
~ em
now , you have a reason to follow up with a name or two of people they know that might be of interest to you . again , can’t stress this enough — try not to make this transactional . it pays ten fold to maintain relationships . a prime example unfolds later on in my story .
when you own a business , solving problems is a daily activity . customers have problems . employees have problems . computers have problems . you can’t bury your head in the sand , you need to evaluate your options and choose a path to go down , even if it ends up being the wrong direction .
it was an unhappy set . wahlberg spent some downtime tugging his dick while kate rolled her eyes . he made it clear that kate , to him , was nothing special .
i wasn ' t into the waif thing ,
he said later .
she kind of looked like my nephew .
sources have told me how teo would dangle invitations to exclusive parties - packed with investors and other influential people - in front of would - be founders , then subtly place expectations on them if they wanted to stay in the group . who they talk to , who they don’t , how they act , that kind of thing .
the culture at large didn ' t see kate that way . up against the skyscraper supermodels of the ' 80s , their very perfection a comment on american supremacy , a small - boned , flat - chested model like kate moss was heresy . someone her size hadn ' t been seen since twiggy in the ' 60s ; suddenly , kate and calvin klein were accused of promoting anorexia , heroin use , child pornography , and the downfall of western civilization . she was on the sides of buses , kiosks , and pay phones , naked and draped across a velvet sofa in a ramshackle room ,
feed me
often scrawled across the ad by protesters .
he was a bit hard to handle in his earlier years , but as we all get a little longer in the tooth , we settle down ,
dowell said .
he truly , truly is an absolute gentleman , a delightful animal . you know , everybody always wants to say ' look what he did for me , now i ' ve got to do this for him . ' well , in scrappy ' s case , you want to keep him and you want to be around him . . . because it ' s about what he does for you now .
everybody should find something that motivates them to do better than they did yesterday . for me , part of that was alex — the man who lived life to the fullest . it would be an incomplete story without mentioning him . i wouldn’t be half of where i am today without him . miss ya , buddy — this one is for you .
if time pressure isn’t enough to motivate you to complete your task , add rewards upon completion . it could be a walk around the block to get some fresh air , a freshly - brewed cup of coffee , or a box of chocolate . a reward system also helps you find a balance between work and rest , allowing you to accomplish more .
i will admit , until this year , i myself had let this one slide a bit . with 2015’s and 2016’s surge in webinars , online classes , and virtual summits , i’d come to rely exclusively on making sales through digital means . but as sumpter points out , “everyone wants to sell through a website , and websites don’t make money . ”
experience was a major player , and there’s always room for more of it . if you don’t have it , find a way to improvise for it . it may not be through a job , but a side project , cheap contract role , or even just helping out a friend . it can all prove to be valuable down the line . win small .
plan for the immediate future . getting caught up in the uncertainty , i often found myself imagining every possible scenario that could happen . it’s important to understand winning small adds up . plan for the small things on a daily basis to set yourself up for the larger goal . don’t get caught worrying about things out of your control . it does you no good .
this , despite john galliano having chosen kate—who he regarded as his
lolita
— to open his spring / summer 1990 show . kate hadn ' t eaten all day and was terrified ; when the show was over , she went to the after - party and guzzled so much whiskey that she missed her flight the next day . she was hungover and disoriented and intimidated and she loved it .
when i used to come back to croydon and get into our car , which wasn ' t air - conditioned—and a house with no pool—i was like , ' i ' m not staying here forever , '
she ' d later say .
i never had that feeling of , ' that ' s your lot . '
by all accounts , she was succeeding : by 1993 she had been hired to shoot editorials for elle uk and i - d , ads for barneys , and the first miu miu campaign . still , corinne was bitter that calvin klein hadn ' t hired her for the kate campaign .
it was that kate looked like how kate would look when corinne photographed her ,
moodie says .
“i’ll give it two weeks . if i don’t sign my first retailer by then , i’ll shut the company down and do something else . ” i had asked sam to lay out his strategy for the new venture he had launched six months earlier . the plan made sense , except that he was trying to cram three months’ worth of important groundwork into a near - impossible 14 - day time frame .
i think the race will set up well for my horse . i don ' t think you ' ll have a suicide pace like you did in the derby ,
he said .
i think the riders will be well aware of the pace they set in the derby . the heads - up riders are certainly going to take back a bit and not be going quite as fast .
we can’t know if any of teo’s friends agreed to his request , or if all the declarations of love and respect for teo that followed were spontanious and heartfelt . what we do know is that teo’s facebook post was followed almost immediately with a barrage of messages , including several aimed directly at us , complaining at how badly “great guy” teo had been treated . many of those messages came from young women .
“i had a wife and a 3 year old and no savings when i started my company . my wife and i talked and said , ‘what are we going to do ? where are we going to live with no income ? ’ our parents wouldn’t let us back in the house . so we moved to a retirement village . that’s where i lived when i was 24 because it was safe and affordable . ”
when kate was eighteen , she took a meeting with calvin klein on her own , walking into the room in jeans and no makeup while a string of hopeful models—cindy crawford among them—waited in reception . kate flopped down on the floor , and for a moment , the room was still : while klein ' s brand was in crisis , he was nonetheless a legend , and one didn ' t take such an informal tack .
aw excellent interview as always . i gotta ask isn ' t it a little interesting for michalowic to say that you have to love / be completely what your business is ? one could argue that his company investing in a leatherworks company that produces “high performance knife sheaths” may be a little ( at face value of course ) outside of the know of say someone who still has a viper in their driveway . just a thought .
to be absolutely clear , in four days of phone conversations with sources about jonathan teo , i certainly didn ' t hear any stories of the same kind of breathtakingly clumsy sexual harassment that justin caldbeck was involved in . rather , what i heard time and time again is that teo used parties and social events to play a more sophisticated game of “access” with young women who were keen to break into silicon valley ' s inner circles .
it wasn’t until i started working at zurb that i learned the importance of sketching . on my very first project , my design lead told me to deliver 50 opportunity sketches . it was a struggle to get fifty ideas on paper , but i noticed i was able to generate bigger concepts and innovative ideas more quickly . with more practice , the 50 sketches became an easy task , and it is now my favorite part of the design process .
every digital entrepreneur has heard it time and time again : the money is in your email list . “it takes 90 days to attract at least 2 , 400 new people into your audience on an email list , ” says shanda sumpter , a business coach and ceo of heartcore business . “if you haven’t built a list yet and are busy trying to build a website , work on your branding , or create products , then stop ! ” sumpter says .