the vaurie 's nightjar ( caprimulgus centralasicus ) is a species of nightjar in the family caprimulgidae .

it is endemic to china .

its natural habitat is cold desert .

however , it is threatened by habitat loss .

this bird is only known from a single 1929 specimen from xinjiang , china .

it has never been found again , and it is quite possibly invalid as it has not yet been compared to the similar subspecies of the european nightjar , c. europaeus plumipes , which occurs at the locality where c. centralasicus was found .

vaurie ' s nightjar

select an image : 1 . vaurie ' s nightjar > > type specimen 2 . vaurie ' s nightjar > > type specimen 3 . vaurie ' s nightjar > > type specimen 4 . vaurie ' s nightjar
leader 2009 . is vaurie ' s nightjar caprimulgus centralasicus a valid species ? birding asia 11 : 4750 .
leader , pj 2009 . asian enigma : is vaurie ' s nightjar caprimulgus centralasicus a valid species ? birding asia 11 : 47 - 50 .
since vaurie ' s nightjar is known from a single specimen , then if it was the last of its kind , it would be extinct now anyway .
don ' t forget that there is a subspecies of the nightjar in nw china , c . europaeus plumipes . maybe you ' ve seen this bird rather than the vaurie ' s nightjar ( if it is really exist ) .
it ' s wings have been clipped to and it ' s very tame . so someone has been taking care of it .
known only from this type specimen , which was collected in ‘sandy scrub - jungle’ by frank ludlow at pishan ( formerly goma ) ( 37° 31’n . , 78° 17’e ) , in xinjiang on september 7 , 1929 and described as a new species in vaurie 1960 . refs : vaurie , c . ( 1960 ) systematic notes on palearctic birds , no . 39 : caprimuligidae : a new species of caprimulgus . amer . mus . novit . no . 1985 . leader , p . j . ( 2009 ) is vaurie ' s nightjar caprimulgus centralasicus a valid species ? birdingasia 11 : 47 - 50 .
looking forward for the paper , but i would like to see dna analysis . actualy , some cleverdick could analyze dna of nightjars . he might also discover several overlooked nightjar species worldwide . about vaurie ' s - i think it is an aberrant bird . if not , there is no reason why it should be extinct . i guess practicaly nobody surveyed for nightjars in w china !
cleere , n . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . vaurie’s nightjar ( caprimulgus centralasicus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
there ' s been a lot of habitat degradation in xinjiang , according to the red list data .
no , it ' s pawel kwak beer ( est 1791 ) , after three 330ml bottles . . .
unknown , but species ( if valid ) is assumed to be a migrant given that winter bird community of s . . .
hello , i ' m an expat living in china and my wife found a nightjar / nighthawk on the ground while walking to the store . we ' re trying to identify what kind of nightjar / nighthawk it is and was wondering if you guys could help ? if i get any replies i ' ll take a picture and put it online asap . thanks .
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leader acknowledges possible habitat changes . he also notes that , given the winter temperatures at the type location , it is most unlikely that the nightjar would be a permanent resident , and suggests that it should be looked for in oct - apr in the deserts and semi - deserts of pakistan and n & w india ( perhaps overlooked among sykes ' s ) ; and could also be just a migrant through s xinjiang , breeding further n in the taklamakan or gobi deserts .
if you have videos , photographs or sound recordings you can share them on the internet bird collection . it ' s free and easy to do .
paul leader describes how in june 2004 he and and three others spent two weeks in southern xinjiang , including several days and nights at the type locality of the nightjar ( pishan , between kashgar and hotan ) , without success .
one amazing fact ( new to me anyway ) : paul leader notes that the first of only two specimens of leucosticte sillemi was collected on the same day ( 7 sep ) as the nightjar , also in xinjiang , although 250km to the s ( with the second on the following day ) . i knew that both species were collected in the same year ( 1929 ) , but had never appreciated that it was on exactly the same day . what are the chances of that - 2 species never to be seen again ?
one amazing fact ( new to me anyway ) : paul leader notes that the first of only two specimens of leucosticte sillemi was collected on the same day ( 7 sep ) as the nightjar , also in xinjiang , although 250km to the s ( with the second on the following day ) . i knew that both species were collected in the same year ( 1929 ) , but had never appreciated that it was on exactly the same day . what are the chances of that - 2 species never to be seen again ? richard
w china ( sw xinjiang ) , where possibly occurs throughout s tarim basin along kun lun ; speculated to breed in taklamakan desert or as far n as gobi desert and to winter in semi - deserts of pakistan and nw india # r .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ oriental bird club - helping to save asia ' s threatened birds . urltoken
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did you need special permits ? and were you restricted to the main highway when transiting aksai chin , or was it possible to travel freely towards the indian border ? ( the sillem ' s type locality is in the extreme west of aksai chin , very close to the border with jammu & kashmir . )
black robin petroica traversi the black robin was the world ' s rarest bird , and is new zealand ' s comeback hero from the brink of extinction . extinction could not have been any closer in 1980 when there was one female named old blue and her breeding partner and three other males , but the black robin has been brought back to a population of about 254 . when old blue died it was announced in parliament . its status has been lowered to endangered on the 2007 iucn red list . the black robin is found only on three small islands in the chatham islands and remains ' nationally critical ' on the 2005 nz threat
i haven ' t checked , but if i remember right these specimens are from a region that , at least in part , is off - limits to birders ( foreign , not sure about chinese ) . the region is certainly considered
politically sensitive
by chinese authorities ( uyghur issue , nearby tibet issue , china - india border issue ) and there is a rather heavy military presence . . . possibly making it somewhat difficult to freely search for these species without risking being shot ( ! ) . i know birders have looked for the nightjar near the region where the specimen was collected . has anyone managed to do the same for the mountain - finch ?
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : despite recent searches , this species is known from only one specimen , the provenance of which has been debated . as such , there is insufficient information available for an assessment of its threat status .
this species is only known from its type specimen and as such no population estimates are available . trend justification : the current population trend is unknown as the species is only known from a single record .
the type - specimen was collected in sandy scrub - jungle at 1 , 220 m and it presumably occurs in desert and semi - desert habitats .
there has been widespread degradation of desert and semi - desert habitats in the taklimakan desert through intensive grazing by goats and camels , extraction of fuelwood , and the conversion of huge areas to irrigated farmland . in 1990 , the habitats at the type - locality , guma , were found to have been very much altered since the 1920s .
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taxonomic status perhaps questionable . known only from type specimen , an immature female originally identified as c . aegyptius , and compared only with that species when described ; further study of immature c . europaeus plumipes may also be of interest . recent reassessment , however , strongly supports probability that taxon is valid , specimen being markedly smaller than any plumipes even allowing for incomplete growth of wings # r . monotypic .
19 cm . known only from type specimen , a suspected immature female . closest in size to
possibly arid plains and sandy foothills covered in short scrub . type specimen was collected at . . .
not globally threatened . previously considered vulnerable ; now regarded as data deficient . restricted - range species : present in taklimakan ( taklamakan ) desert eba . taxonomic . . .
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hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
despite recent searches , this species is known from only one specimen , the provenance of which has been debated . as such , there is insufficient information available for an assessment of its threat status .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : caprimulgus centralasicus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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the type locality of the finch is in aksai chin , which is under chinese administration but claimed by india - so probably difficult to visit .
the type locality of the finch is in aksai chin , which is under chinese administration but claimed by india - so probably difficult to visit . richard
that must have been an interesting trip - certainly well off the beaten track . ( i know that ben king runs occasional tours to xinjiang , but only to the north . )
yes , it was an amazing trip . excellent views of tibetan sandgrouse and snowcock , as well as the ground jay . we did have permits , but these had been arranged by chinatibet travel in chengdu . we had an english speaking tibetan for a guide and a chinese driver . there were a few checkpoints in the odd town , but not a lot in the aksai chin , although we did bump into nomads in the most desolate places ! stunning scenery however , different views of k2 etc . tony
i knew that both species were collected in the same year ( 1929 ) , but had never appreciated that it was on exactly the same day . what are the chances of that - 2 species never to be seen again ?
unfortunately the llast specimens were collected and now the species are extinct . . .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ valéry schollaert birds are disappearing because we destroy their natural habitat . by far , the main reason of this destruction is animal agriculture ; thus , the first essential step for all bird lovers : becoming vegan .
it is just to recall that when a new bird is found , killing the first specimen is not a good idea . . . we did in the past , whatever , but we should stop now .
you never now . . . urltoken it is just to recall that when a new bird is found , killing the first specimen is not a good idea . . . we did in the past , whatever , but we should stop now .
i don ' t disagree with you about present - day collection of specimens , but you can ' t really expect people to take you seriously when you make ridiculous comments about birds collected in 1929 .
obviously i forgot the smilies . . . ( i wanted to click on
go advanced
and clicked on
post quick reply
) . . .
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ctenosaura quinquecarinata , commonly known as the club tail iguana or the five-keeled spiny-tailed iguana is a species of lizard in the family iguanidae endemic to central america .

ctenosaura quinquecarinata

cyclura quinquecarinata gray 1842 : 59 enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus — gray 1845 : 192 cyclura ( ctenosaura ) quinquecarinata — cope 1870 : 161 ctenosaura ( enyaliosaurus ) quinquecarinata — bocourt 1874 ( in : duméril & bocourt ) ctenosaura quinquecarinata — boulenger 1885 : 198 ctenosaura quinquecarinata — günther 1885 : 58 ctenosaura quinquecarinata — bailey 1928 enyaliosaurus quinquecarinata — smith & taylor 1950 : 76 enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus — peters & donoso - barros 1970 enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus — gicca 1983 ctenosaura quinquecarinatus — liner 1994 ctenosaura quinquecarinata — köhler 2000 : 75 ctenosaura ( enyaliosaurus ) quinquecarinata — köhler et al . 2000 ctenosaura praeocularis hasbún & köhler 2009 ctenosaura praeocularis — malone et al . 2017
tanya higgins added the english common name
club tail iguana
to
ctenosaura quinquecarinata gray 1842
.
cyclura sp . ; iguana iguana ; sauromalus sp . ; iguana delicatissima ; cyclura rileyi ; cyclura ricordii ; cyclura pinguis ; cyclura nubila ; cyclura cychlura ; cyclura cornuta ; cyclura collei ; cyclura carinata ; ctenosaura similis ; ctenosaura quinquecarinata ; ctenosaura pectinata ; ctenosaura palearis ; ctenosaura oedirhina ; ctenosaura hemilopha ; ctenosaura defensor ; ctenosaura clarki ; ctenosaura bakeri ; ctenosaura acanthura ; conolophus subcristatus ; conolophus pallidus ; amblyrhynchus cristatus ; sauromalus obesus ; sauromalus australis ; sauromalus varius ; sauromalus hispidus ; sauromalus slevini ; sauromalus klauberi ; sauromalus ater ; ctenosaura sp . ; iguana sp . ; conolophus sp . ; dipsosaurus sp . ; brachylophus sp . ; amblyrhynchus sp .
tanya higgins added the english common name
five - keeled spiny - tailed iguana
to
ctenosaura quinquecarinata gray 1842
.
mitochondrial dna phylogeography of the mesoamerican spiny - tailed lizards ( ctenosaura quinquecarinata complex ) : historical biogeography , species status and conservation .
burré , g . 2004 . bastardierung zwischen ctenosaura quinquecarinata und c . oaxana . iguana rundschreiben 17 ( 1 ) : 17 - 21
huy , a . 2008 . erfahrungen und nachzucht des fünfkiel - schwarzleguans ( ctenosaura quinquecarinata ) . iguana rundschreiben 21 ( 2 ) : 5 - 9
mitochondrial dna phylogeography of the mesoamerican spiny - tailed lizards ( ctenosaura quinquecarinata complex ) : historical biogeography , species st . . . - pubmed - ncbi
at least two species , ctenosaura pectinata and ctenosaura similis , have been introduced into the united states in southern texas and miami , florida .
hasbun , c . r . & g . köhler 2001 . on the identity of the holotype of ctenosaura quinquecarinata ( gray 1842 ) . senckenbergiana biologica 81 : 247 - 255
ctenosaura quinquecarinata is known from isolated subpopulations in pacific versant nicaragua and northwestern costa rica . extent of occurrence is less than 5 , 000 km² and area of occupancy is less than 500 km² .
köhler , g . 1995 . freilanduntersuchungen zur morphologie und lebensweise des fünfkiel - schwarzleguas ctenosaura quinquecarinata am isthmus von thuantepec , mexico . herpetofauna 17 ( 97 ) : 21 - 26 - get paper here
this is a male san esteban island spiny - tailed iguana ( ctenosaura conspicuosa ) .
distribution : not listed for honduras and el salvador by köhler ( 2000 ) . not listed for honduras by wilson & mccranie ( 2002 ) . not in mexico and el salvador fide huy ( 2008 ) . not in oaxaca fide mata - silva et al . 2015 . burré ( 2004 ) described hybridization between ctenosaura oaxacana and ctenosaura quinquecarinata .
köhler , g . & c . r . hasbun 2001 . a new species of spiny - tailed iguana from mexico formerly referred to ctenosaura quinquecarinata ( gray 1842 ) ( reptilia , squamata , iguanidae ) . senckenbergiana biologica 81 : 257 - 267
hasbun , c . r . ; gomez , a . ; kohler , g . ; lunt , d . h . 2005 . mitochondrial dna phylogeography of the mesoamerican spiny - tailed lizards ( ctenosaura quinquecarinata complex ) : historical biogeography , species status and conservation . molecular ecology 14 ( 1 ) : 3095 - 3107 .
ctenosaura is a lizard genus commonly known as spinytail iguanas or ctenosaurs . the genus is part of the large lizard family , iguanidae and is native to mexico and central america .
bailey , j . w . 1928 . a revision of the lizards of the genus ctenosaura . proc . us natl . mus . 73 : 1 - 55 . - get paper here
hasbún , carlos roberto and gunther köhler 2009 . new species of ctenosaura ( squamata , iguanidae ) from southeastern honduras . journal of herpetology 43 ( 2 ) : 192 - 204 - get paper here
gutsche , alexander ; frank köhler 2008 . phylogeography and hybridization in ctenosaura species ( sauria , iguanidae ) from caribbean honduras : insights from mitochondrial and nuclear dna . zoosystematics and evolution 84 ( 2 ) : 245 - 253
the world record sprint speed for lizards ( 21 . 5 miles / h or 34 . 6 km / h ) was attained by the costa rican spiny - tailed iguana ( ctenosaura similis ) . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
köhler , g . ; w . schroth & b . streit 2000 . systematics of the ctenosaura group of lizards ( reptilia : sauria : iguanidae ) . amphibia - reptilia 21 ( 2 ) : 177 - 191 - get paper here
kelly paul is a hobbyist with a lifelong interest in reptiles . he has bred more than two dozen species , including six ctenosaura . he has been a guest speaker at several events , including the international herpetological symposium . email him at blueghostreptile @ urltoken .
malone , catherine l . ; víctor hugo reynoso , larry buckley 2017 . never judge an iguana by its spines : systematics of the yucatan spiny tailed iguana , ctenosaura defensor ( cope , 1866 ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 115 : 27 - 39 - get paper here
ctenosaura care is universal . . . . . . . . there are many resources available if you do the reasearch . . . . . . . you keep one on sand and you ' ll end up with cteno jerky though . . . . . . .
the genus ctenosaura represents the most diverse group of iguanas with 15 currently recognized species and at least two unrecognized species . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] these species inhabit lowland dry forests , below 1 , 200 metres ( 3 , 900 ft ) elevation , on both coasts of mexico and central america . [ 3 ] all species of ctenosaura fall within one of seven clades . [ 3 ] distributions of these clades fall geographically within well established areas . [ 3 ] closely related species show allopatry whereas species from divergent clades show sympatry . [ 3 ]
spiny - tailed iguanas are gaining popularity in the u . s . , with increasing numbers being bred in captivity . wild - caught spiny - tails are also available , most commonly the club - tailed iguana ( c . quinquecarinata ) . there are also introduced populations of the black spiny - tailed iguana ( c . similis ) and mexican spiny - tailed iguana ( c . pectinata ) in florida , and many of these two species are sold in the pet trade .
justification : ctenosaura quinquecarinata has an extent of occurrence less than 5 , 000 km² ( en b1 ) and an area of occupancy less than 500 km² ( en b2 ) . total population size is not known , but it is thought that there may be fewer than 2 , 500 mature individuals . the population is severely fragmented : probably 10–15 isolated subpopulations ( en b1a + 2a ) and is threatened by declining area and quality of habitat as a result of deforestation and regular burning of habitat ( en b1b ( iii ) + 2b ( iii ) ) . the species is also collected for the international pet trade ( en b1b ( v ) + 2b ( v ) ) . the population is expected to decline by at least 30 % over the next ten years if current rates of habitat loss continue .
lots of ctenosauras are from tropical dry forests . this species in particular is from very hot areas where it is very dry in nicaragua and costa rica . a small group will be fine in a 48x24x24 with peat and sand mixture as a substrate and some branches for them to bask ( 110 - 115f ) . larger species of ctenosaura are born omnivorous turning almost completely herbivorous as adults , it is believed by some people that smaller species ( like yours ) stay omnivorous throughout their entire life .
spiny - tailed iguanas ( ctenosaura spp . ) are native to hot and dry areas of mexico and central america . they can make great pets or display animals . despite laws to protect them , most spiny - tailed iguana populations are declining in the wild due to hunting , loss of habitat and poaching for the pet trade . every effort should be made to purchase captive - born - and - bred animals because they generally are hardier and less skittish , and purchasing them helps take pressure off wild populations .
type locality : unknown . restricted to tehuantepec , oaxaca , by bailey 1928 .
praeocularis : honduras ; type locality : cerro las mesitas , 10 km east of sabanagrande toward nueva armenia , montegrande , departamento francisco morazán , honduras , 800 m elevation , 13°46 . 43’n , 86°11 . 83’w .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
holotype : bmnh 1946 . 8 . 30 . 48 holotype : smf 79520 , an adult male , collected 8 august 1999 by carlos roberto hasbún . field tag number h4 [ praeocularis ]
alberts , a . c . ; carter , r . l . ; hayes , w . k . & martins , e . p . ( eds . ) 2004 . iguanas - biology and conservation . university of california press , 356 pp .
arakelyan , marine s . ; felix d . danielyan , claudia corti , roberto sindaco , and alan e . leviton 2011 . the herpetofauna of armenia and nagorno - karabakh . ssar , salt lake city , 154 pp . [ isbn : 978 - 0 - 916984 - 84 - 7 . ]
boulenger , g . a . 1885 . catalogue of the lizards in the british museum ( natural history ) . vol . 2 , second edition . london , xiii + 497 pp . - get paper here
buckley , larry j . ; kevin de queiroz , tandora d . grant , bradford d . hollingsworth , john b . iverson ( chair , < br / > stesha a . pasachnik , and catherine l . stephen ( iguana taxonomy working group , itwg 2016 . a checklist of the iguanas of the world ( iguanidae ; iguaninae ) . herp . cons . biol . 11 ( monograph 6 ) - get paper here
cope , e . d . 1870 . seventh contribution to the herpetology of tropical america . proc . amer . philos . soc . 11 : 147 - 169 [ 1869 ] - get paper here
cope , e . d . 1886 . on the species of iguaninae . proc . amer . philos . soc . 23 ( 122 ) : 261 - 271 - get paper here
gicca , d . f . 1983 . enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus . catalogue of american amphibians and reptiles ( 329 : 1 - 2 . - get paper here
gray , j . e . 1842 . description of some new species of reptiles , chiefly from the british museum collection . zoological miscellany 2 : 57 - 59 . - get paper here
gray , j . e . 1845 . catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the british museum . trustees of die british museum / edward newman , london : xxvii + 289 pp . - get paper here
günther , a . c . l . g . 1885 . reptilia and batrachia . biologia centrali - américana . taylor , & francis , london , 326 pp . [ published in parts from 1885 - 1902 ; reprint by the ssar 1987 ] - get paper here
hidalgo , h . n . 1980 . enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus ( gray ) and leptodeira nigrofasciata günther in el salvador . herpetological review 11 : 42 - 43 - get paper here
köhler , g . 2000 . reptilien und amphibien mittelamerikas , bd 1 : krokodile , schildkröten , echsen . herpeton verlag , offenbach , 158 pp .
köhler , g . 2008 . reptiles of central america . 2nd ed . herpeton - verlag , 400 pp .
mccranie , james r . 2015 . a checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of honduras , with additions , comments on taxonomy , some recent taxonomic decisions , and areas of further studies needed . zootaxa 3931 ( 3 ) : 352–386 - get paper here
rohde , h . 1989 . zur pflege von enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus ( gray 1842 ) . sauria 11 ( 2 ) : 11 - 13 - get paper here
savage , j . m . 2002 . the amphibians and reptiles of costa rica : a herpetofauna between two continents , between two seas . university of chicago press , 934 pp . [ review in copeia 2003 ( 1 ) : 205 ]
solís , j . m . , l . d . wilson , and j . h . townsend . 2014 . an updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of honduras , with comments on their nomenclature . mesoamerican herpetology 1 : 123–144 - get paper here
sunyer , javier 2014 . an updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of nicaragua . mesoamerican herpetology 1 ( 2 ) : 186–202 . - get paper here
ulber , t . & h . rohde 1989 . zur nomenklatur , verbreitung und zum aggressionsverhalten von enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus . sauria 11 ( 3 ) : 21 - 22 - get paper here
villa , r . j . , and n . j . scott 1967 . the iguanid lizard enyaliosaurus in nicaragua . copeia 1967 ( 2 ) : 474 - 476 - get paper here
werning , h . 2003 . ein neuer schwarzleguan und eine schlangengattung aus mittelamerika . reptilia ( münster ) 8 ( 40 ) : 12 - 13 - get paper here
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
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endangered b1ab ( iii , v ) + 2ab ( iii , v ) ver 3 . 1
total population size is not known , but perhaps is less than 2 , 500 mature individuals . the population is fragmented into 10–15 isolated subpopulations .
tropical dry forest ( holdridge 1967 ) from 0–250 m asl . the species is semi - arboreal , preferring rocky terrain and using hollow branches and rocks as retreats .
habitat loss through deforestation and regular burning of habitat , and collection for the international pet trade .
this species currently is not under any legal protection and is not known to occur within any protected areas . conservation actions recommended include further surveys for the species , research into genetics and life history , management and monitoring of the wild population and its habitat . it is also recommended that a population viability analysis be carried out for this species .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
the number of species increased from 10 , 711 to 10 , 793 , i . e . an increase of 82 species . 66 new species have been described , 9 species have been revalidated from synonymy and 16 subspecies were elevated to full species . . .
over the past 4 months , the number of species increased from 10 , 639 to 10 , 711 .
the number of species has grown from 10 , 544 in the may release to now 10 , 639 ( + 95 species ) .
overall , 212 new taxa have been added or changed their status or name .
the reptile database is a taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species , such as turtles , snakes , lizards , and crocodiles , as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians , but does not include dinosaurs .
currently there are more than 10 , 000 species and an additional 2 , 700 subspecies . this is making reptiles the largest vertebrate group after fish ( ~ 25 , 000 species ) and birds ( ~ 10 , 000 species ) , and significantly larger than mammals ( ~ 5 , 000 species ) or amphibians ( ~ 6 , 000 species ) .
the reptile database provides taxonomic information for the catalogue of life and the encyclopedia of life . our taxonomic information has also been used by genbank and many other resources and is the only comprehensive reptile database on the web .
the reptile database can be used to find all species within a certain geographic area ( e . g . all snakes of egypt ) . its collection of more than 2 , 500 images allow users to identify a species or at least get an idea how the species or genus may look like . more than 30 , 000 references provide a guide to further information .
continent : middle - america distribution : s mexico ( from the vicinity of tehuantepec westward to puerto escondido and eastward to juchitan , oaxaca ) , nicaragua ( chontales , matagalpa , jinotega , boaco , managua , granada ) , el salvador , nw costa rica ( guanacaste ) type locality : unknown . restricted to tehuantepec , oaxaca , by bailey 1928 .
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we ' re constantly striving to improve our community to help make your monster fish keeping hobby fulfilling and interesting . comments are welcome .
i recently picked up one of these guys at a reptile show , ( impulse buy , shame on me ) but i am having a hard time finding consistent care information on these iguanas .
the gentleman who sold it to me gave me a brief run down of what it eats , it ' s temperament , adult size , etc . . . basically , he said it was going to be a more tropical ( and speedy ) version of my beardie .
but as i started looking around for info to set - up a permanent habitat for it ( it ' s in a generic quarantine enclosure currently ) i ' m finding a wide variety of information . stuff like one saying it should be on calcium sand , another saying repti - bark , another saying eco dirt , all of which are different substrates . or that it ' s semi - arboreal and should have something to climb on and then others saying it ' s strictly ground dwelling and needs deep substrate to burrow in . that a 20gal is sufficient , then another saying anything under a 40gal is too small . you know , basically a big mash of conflicting information .
i just want to get started on setting up an enclosure that will make my iguana healthy and happy . that ' s the most important , after that . . . any personal experience with this species is also welcome and appreciated .
yea , i kind of figured the sand was an idiot answer , they don ' t come from areas with arid temps or sand . but i ' m still finding the care sheets and answers widely varied between the species . even on the reptile forums , they can ' t agree with each other . . . oi !
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but i neeed tacos . i need them or i will explode . that happens to me sometimes
hah ! i ' ve always had some kind . . . i ' ve got a corn snake , beardie and a customer dumped a dumpy tree frog off on me last week . ( i have everything . . . 3 chinchillas , a cat , aquatics , scorpions , etc . xd )
actually some ctenos come from dry places where sandy soils are everywhere and some species even dig burrows to rest and lay eggs . however your species doesant dig except for egg laying purpouses and yes a sand only soil is a no - no . however if you want to create a naturalistic setup you can mix play sand , peat and clay based dirt to create a good substrate . your is one of the smallest ctenos , a semi - arboreal setup you can easily create with plywood would be great . this is a mostly hands off critter as you may already noticed , most are very shy and they can take a long time to trust you . the diet is basically a herbivorous one which you can complement with live insects such as giant mealworms and roaches . go to urltoken for great ideas on setup construction and as well for key food items for the herbivorous part of the diet .
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the species range in size ( total length , including the tail ) from about 12 . 5 centimetres ( 4 . 9 in ) to well over 1 metre ( 39 in ) . the distinctive feature of this genus is the presence of enlarged , spiny scales on the tail .
ctenosaurs are generally omnivorous , feeding on fruits , flowers , foliage , and small animals .
mexico , central america , and colombia . introduced to the us in florida .
frost , d . e . and r . e . etheridge ( 1989 ) a phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of iguanian lizards ( reptilia : squamata ) . univ . kansas mus . nat . hist . misc . publ . 81
frost , d . r . , r . etheridge , d . janies and t . a . titus ( 2001 ) total evidence , sequence alignment , evolution of polychrotid lizards , and a reclassification of the iguania ( squamata : iguania ) . american museum novitates 3343 : 38 pp .
garland , t . , jr . 1984 . physiological correlates of locomotory performance in a lizard : an allometric approach . am . j . physiol . 247 ( regulatory integrative comp . physiol . 16 ) : r806 - r815 . pdf
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as yellow mexican spiny - tails mature , they exhibit increasing amounts of yellow coloration .
spiny - tailed iguanas range in size from the small yucatan spiny - tailed iguana ( c . defensor ) , which reaches an overall length of 10 inches , to the black spiny - tail , which can grow to 5 feet .
spiny - tailed iguanas can be long lived , easily living to 15 years of age . many male spiny - tails can live up to 25 years of age or more .
caging requirements for spiny - tailed iguanas vary depending on the species and size of spiny - tailed iguana you keep . below are my recommended minimum enclosure sizes for a single spiny - tail or a pair . smaller spiny - tailed iguanas measuring less than 18 inches in overall length : 36 inches long , 24 inches wide , 24 inches tall spiny - tails with lengths of 18 to 40 inches : 4 feet long , 24 inches wide , 24 inches tall larger species , such as the black spiny - tailed iguana : 6 feet long by 24 inches wide by 30 inches tall .
spiny - tailed iguanas are sun - loving saurians . outdoor enclosures are great for them . indoor enclosures should have full - spectrum bulbs running two - thirds to the entire length of the enclosure , in addition to a basking bulb ( or two , depending on the size of the cage ) at one end . to provide maximum health benefit from the full - spectrum lights , basking shelves or other sites should be situated no more than 10 inches from the bulb ( s ) . the ambient temperature in the enclosure should be between 75 and 85 degrees fahrenheit with basking areas reaching 95 to105 degrees .
i use cypress mulch substrate with my spiny - tails . i live in arizona where it is very hot and dry , and i mist their enclosures in the morning to replicate the high morning humidity of their natural habitat . rabbit pellets can also be used , but do not mist these . provide plenty of branches and / or corkboard for your spiny - tails to climb on . various hide spots , such as cork bark hollows of appropriate size , should also be provided . i like to include live edible plants , such as hibiscus , of which both the flowers and leaves are edible , in my spiny - tail enclosures . purchase plants at least 30 days before you plan to use them , as many systemic pesticides and fertilizers may remain active in the plants and soil for at least 30 days .
water misting is my preferred method of watering , particularly for baby spiny - tails , as they will drink the droplets off the plants . i also keep a water dish inside the enclosure ; be sure it’s heavy enough so it doesn’t tip over . misting into the water dish can help draw your spiny - tails’ attention to it . do not mist if you use rabbit pellets as a substrate .
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the threats they face include severe habitat degradation by human development and invasive species , as well as harvesting for human use . because iguanas are important seed dispersers for many native plants , their protection is vital to ecosystem health .
through partnerships with government agencies , conservation organizations , and research institutions , the iucn ssc iguana specialist group guides and implements immediate and effective conservation measures for iguanas worldwide .


ypsolopha vintrella is a moth of the family ypsolophidae .

it is known from the united states , including arizona and california .

the wingspan is about 17 – 22 mm .

the antennae are white with sharp prominent dark brown annulations .

the labial palpi are white and the face , head and thorax are pure white .

the forewings are white with indistinct and ill-defined , light ochreous fuscous markings , the most persistent of these are a central longitudinal row of three large oblong spots , more or less connected by single dark scales , and a series of equidistant costal , apical and dorsal spots around the edge of the apical third of the wing .

there are also two ochreous fuscous costal spots , one at basal third and one at the middle of the wing , and two or more dorsal spots , but none of these markings are very constant .

the hindwings are light gray , the abdomen is dark fuscous and the legs are white .

ypsolopha vintrella

ypsolopha helva j . c . sohn & c . s . wu , in sohn et al . , 2010
ypsolopha pseudoparallela j . c . sohn & c . s . wu , in sohn et al . , 2010
ypsolopha sordida j . c . sohn & c . s . wu , in sohn et al . , 2010
ypsolopha species are variable in shape and color and no exclusive superficial features have been established for the group . in contrast , the genitalia of both sexes are remarkably homogeneous .
ypsolopha is a genus of moth of the ypsolophidae family . it is the type genus of the ypsolophidae family and comprises over 120 described species ( about 95 % of the known world diversity of the ypsolophidae family ) .
adults are nocturnal or rarely diurnal . their resting postures are various , but they often have the head down and the lower body up . ypsolopha acuminata mimics a small broken branch at rest . the larvae usually live in open webs on the leaves of various , primarily woody , plants and mostly feed on a limited range of host plants . they are active primarily at night and have two defensive behaviors that involve wiggling and jumping .
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the rose-collared piha ( lipaugus streptophorus ) is a species of bird in the family cotingidae .

it is found in humid forests growing in the tepui highlands in south-eastern venezuela , western guyana and far northern brazil .

only the male has the rosy collar for which this species is named .

the female resembles the screaming piha , but has a cinnamon vent .

rose - collared piha

nobody uploaded sound recordings for rose - collared piha ( lipaugus streptophorus ) yet .
rose - collared piha by lars petersson . cotinga family | birds cotingidae cotinga family | pinterest | venezuela , bird and flycatchers
the rose - collared piha ( lipaugus streptophorus ) is found in humid forests in the tepui highlands in south - eastern venezuela , western guyana and far northern brazil in south america .
the female looks like the screaming piha , but she has a cinnamon vent .
the rose - collared piha is endemic to the spectacular and poorly explored tepuis of the guianan shield . both sexes are gray overall with pink undertail coverts , but the male has a bold pink collar as well . this sexual dimorphism is unusual among pihas , as is the rose - collared ' s habit of perching in the open at the forest edge . more typical for a piha , males intermittently give a loud call , in this case a rising - falling whistle . listening for this call is generally the easiest way to detect this canopy species . currently this species is known only from the cluster of tepuis around the gran sabana on the borders of venezuela , guyana , and brazil .
the screaming piha is a gray songbird that averages 10–11 inches in height . - range the screaming piha can be found from northern south america to bolivia and brazil . status common habitat this species primarily inhabits tropical rainforests . niche fruit makes up the majority of the screaming piha’s diet . more
snow , d . ( 2018 ) . rose - collared piha ( lipaugus streptophorus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the screaming piha is classified as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category .
22·5 cm . distinctive piha ; striking sexually dimorphic plumage unique within genus . male is grey above , paler below , especially on belly ; has full collar and undertail . . .
screaming piha ( lipaugus vociferans ) song , single burst , part of series 4 - 6 per minute , recorded near yurimaguas , loreto , perú , 19 / 08 / 07 . sonagram created with syrinx software ( www . syrinxpc . com ) . “whee wheee - ooo” or “pee eeeee aaaaa” if you’ve been to the amazon or watched documentaries on the amazon you’ll have heard the ear - splitting song of the screaming piha , the song is sometimes dubbed into movies and even sampled into music tracks , presumably to give it that tropical sounding vibe . more
if the screaming piha has brown plumage in both sexes , why does the picture show a blue bird ? the picture is misleading . —preceding unsigned comment added by 132 . 230 . 66 . 189 ( talk ) 15 : 48 , 8 december 2008 ( utc ) retrieved from
http : / / en . wikipedia . more
screaming piha at the national aquarium in baltimoreby jennyberg 4 years ago 4 years ago : tue , apr 25 , 2006 10 : 18pm est ( eastern standard time ) more more see all show mejennyberg ' s videos * jennyberg ' s videos * staff picks 18 . i ' m the fool in the black suit to the right . by jennyberg4 months ago 17 . got latkes ? by jennyberg3 years ago 16 . me and peep by jennyberg4 years ago 15 . more
tepuis of se venezuela ( se bolívar ) and adjacent n brazil ( mt roraima , uei - tepui ) and w guyana .
main call a clear , whistled “sueeet - suéééeeeeoo” , rising and then . . .
mainly fruits , especially of melastomataceae , taken in flight sally or flutter ; also insects .
female collecting nest material in apr ; moult ( presumably post - breeding ) begins over extended period , dec–may . no other information .
not globally threatened . restricted - range species : present in tepuis eba . status not well known ; apparently uncommon , possibly local , but may be more numerous in some places . . .
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incorporates tijuca , which was found in recent genetic study # r to be embedded in lipaugus .
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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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a female perched in darker area ( compared to the site were the male was perched ) . notice paler color intensity in crissum , . . .
lars petersson , margareta wieser , mikko pyhälä , dilia e . garcia , fredrik salin .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : although this species may have a restricted range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' fairly common ' ( stotz et al . ( 1996 ) . trend justification : this species is suspected to lose 1 . 8 % of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations ( 10 years ) based on a model of amazonian deforestation ( soares - filho et al . 2006 , bird et al . 2011 ) . it is therefore suspected to decline by < 25 % over three generations .
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although this species may have a restricted range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : lipaugus streptophorus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
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throughout history , crows , ravens and other black birds were feared as symbols of evil or death . …
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range data provided by infonatura / natureserve and urltoken . ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2005 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 2 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa . additional updates and changes by urltoken 2016 .
while the plumage of both sexes is dull grey , its voice is extraordinary , exceptionally loud and among the most commonly heard sounds in the amazon . the cofan people of ecuador call it the pwe - pwe yoh , which is a reference to its voice . males often gather in loose leks , where they sing to attract females .
picture of lipaugus vociferans above has been licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - share alike license . original source : tanya dewey , animal diversity web , university of michigan museum of zoology author : tanya dewey , animal diversity web , university of michigan museum of zoology permission : some rights reserved
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there are around 96 species of birds in this family . they are found in tropical and subtropical forests or forest edges in central and south america .
some species , like the andean cock - of - the rock , are brightly colored and have crests . other species , like the long - wattled umbrella bird , have wattles on their chests . the male long - wattled umbrella bird ' s wattle extends past his feet ! the birds in this family range in size from the 3 inch kinglet calyptura to the 20 inch amazonian umbrella bird . they eat fruits , berries , and insects .
least concern near threatened vulnerable endangered critically endangered extinct in the wild extinct status and range is taken from icun redlist . if no status is listed , there is not enough data to establish status .
infonatura species index : 1 - 50 of 64 records in family cotingidae of order passeriformes .
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citation : infonatura : animals and ecosystems of latin america [ web application ] . 2007 . version 5 . 0 . arlington , virginia ( usa ) : natureserve . available : http : / / infonatura . natureserve . org . ( accessed :
citation for bird range maps : ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2005 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 2 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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paraclinus monophthalmus , known commonly as the one-eyed blenny , is a species of labrisomid blenny native to the pacific coast of central america where they occur in shallow waters with plentiful weed growth from costa rica to panama .

this species can reach a length of 8.5 centimetres ( 3.3 in ) tl .

paraclinus monophthalmus

rosenblatt , r . h . and parr , t . d . , 1969 . , the pacific species of the clinid fish genus paraclinus . , copeia , 1969 ( 1 ) : 1 - 20 .
( of auchenopterus monophthalmus günther , 1861 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
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greek , para = the side of + greek , klinein , kline = sloping and bed , due to the four apophyses of sphenoid bone ( ref . 45335 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 8 . 5 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 11482 )
allen , g . r . and d . r . robertson , 1994 . fishes of the tropical eastern pacific . university of hawaii press , honolulu . 332 p . ( ref . 11482 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00479 ( 0 . 00193 - 0 . 01186 ) , b = 3 . 09 ( 2 . 87 - 3 . 31 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 7 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 10 of 100 ) .
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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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dorsal rays xxviii to xxx , 1 ; anal rays ii , 19 - 21 ; pectoral rays 11 - 14 ; lateral - line scales 36 - 40 ; a distinct spine on upper opercle ; cirri present on nostril , above eye , and on nape ; nape cirrus a narrow triangular flap ; gap between bases of dorsal spines 3 and 4 equal to or greater than distance between dorsal spines 1 and 3 ; first dorsal spine moderately elevated ; membrane between 3rd and 4th dorsal spines usually attached well below midpoint of 4th spine .
greyish with faint dark bars on side ; a black spot on upper part of gill cover ; dorsal fin with broad white margin and ocellus on rear half ; anal fin dark , with thin white margin .
fowler , h . w . , 1944 . , results of the fifth george vanderbilt expedition ( 1941 ) ( bahamas , caribbean sea , panama , galapagos archipelago and mexican pacific islands ) . the fishes . , acad . nat . sci . philadel . , monographs , 6 : 57 - 529 .
galván - magaña , f . , gutiérrez - sánchez , f . , abitia - cárdenas , l . a . , rodríguez - romero , j . , 2000 . , the distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the baja california sur lagoons . in aquatic ecosystems of mexico : status and scope . eds . m . manuwar , s . g . lawrence , i . f . manuwar & d . f . malley . ecovision world monograph series . , backhuys publishers : 383 - 398 .
günther , a . , 1861 . , catalogue of the fishes in the british museum . catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the british museum . gobiidae . . . [ thru ] . . . notacanthi . , brithish museum ( natural history ) 3 : 1 - 586 .
günther , a . , 1864 . , on some new species of central american fishes . , proc . zool . soc . london , 14 : 227 - 232 .
jordan , d . s . and evermann , b . w . , 1898 . , the fishes of north and middle america : a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish - like vertebrates found in the waters of north america , north of the isthmus of panama . part iii . , bull . u . s . nat . mus . , 47 : 2183 - 3136 .
jordan , d . s . and gilbert , c . h . , 1882 . , list of fishes now in the museum of yale college , collected by prof . frank h . bradley , at panama , with descriptions of three new species . , proc . u . s . nat . mus . , 5 : 620 - 632 .
jordan , d . s . and gilbert , c . h . , 1883 . , list of the fishes now in the museum of yale college , collected by prof . frank h . bradley at panama , with descriptions of three new species . , proc . u . s . nat . mus . , 5 ( 1882 ) : 620 - 632 .
jordan , d . s . , 1895 . , the fishes of sinaloa . , proceedings of the california academy of sciences ( series 2 ) , 5 : 377 - 514 .
kendall , w . c . and radcliffe , l . , 1912 . , the shore fishes . reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical pacific , . . . by the u . s . fish commission steamer albatross , from october , 1904 , to march , 1905 , lieut . commander l . m . garret , u . s . n . , commanding . xxv . , mem . mus . comp . zool . , 35 ( 3 ) : 75 - 171 .
lopez , m . i . and bussing , w . a . , 1982 . , lista provisional de los peces marinos de la costa rica . , revista de biologia tropical , 30 ( 1 ) : 5 - 26 .
meek , s . e . and hildebrand , s . f . , 1928 . , the marine fishes of panama . part iii . , field mus . nat . hist . , zool . ser . publ . , xv : 709 - 1045 .
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bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00479 ( 0 . 00193 - 0 . 01186 ) , b = 3 . 09 ( 2 . 87 - 3 . 31 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref .
) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( ) .
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elongate , snout bluntly pointed ; cirri present on nostril , above eye ( branched ) , and on nape ( narrow triangular flap ) ; opercle with a distinct spiny projection ; dorsal fin xxviii - xxx , 1 , 1st spine < 10 % of sl , front 3 spines elevated then a deep notch before 4th spine , membrane between 3rd and 4th dorsal spines usually attached well below midpoint of 4th spine ; anal rays ii , 19 - 21 ; pectoral rays 11 - 14 ; pelvic i , 3 ; all fin rays unbranched ; lateral - line scales 36 - 40 ; no skin flaps on scales .
greyish to blackish ; with faint dark bars on side ; a black spot on upper part of gill cover ; dorsal fin with broad white margin and ocellus on rear half ; anal fin dark , with thin white margin ; tail fin clear , with black bar at base .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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hypobapta percomptaria is a moth of the family geometridae .

it is known from australia , including south australia , new south wales , queensland , victoria and tasmania .

the wingspan is about 50 mm .

adults are grey-brown with wavy lines .

specimens from tasmania are generally paler than mainland specimens .

the larvae feed on eucalyptus species .

young larvae are brown with a red head and tail .

later instars become green with a conical head .

hypobapta percomptaria

this caterpillar is initially brown with a red head and tail . later it becomes green with a conical head .
the adult moth is grey - brown with wavy lines . the undersides have a rosy suffusion , and each wing has a broad black submarginal band . the wingspan is about 4 cms .
the eggs are smooth and somewhat conical ovals . they are laid in irregular clusters .
volume 9 , part 9 ( 1857 ) , plate 6 , fig . 4 ,
melbourne university press , 1990 , pl . 26 . 13 , fig . 37 . 5 , p . 371 .
volume 9 , part 9 ( 1857 ) , pp . 280 - 281 ,
volume 32 , number 2 ( november 2009 ) , pp . 161 - 166 .
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guenée , a . 1857 ,
uranides et phalénites
, ed . boisduval , j . - a . & guenée , a . ( eds ) , histoire naturelle des insectes . species général des lépidoptères , vol . 9 , librarie encyclopédique de roret , paris
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 3ef52e38 - 2bf5 - 4a5d - 98d8 - 8c8a3db4c009
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7ac7a8e8 - 54b9 - 47b8 - 85eb - bb7337405452
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7ae4904b - 990f - 4e40 - 977a - 5ded39badc8e
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : c0ec8903 - f21a - 41f3 - a177 - 49a5f753ad45
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 99192177 - 5832 - 4281 - 95d0 - 46af2e98b417
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 412683
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when i first discovered this macro world of amazing color and design i never expected that 22 months later i would still be posting so many different types of moths and bugs . . . . many of these creatures are only fingernail size which with the aid of an 18mp sony hx20v camera and photoshop it has been possible to present them to the world . to the naked eye they appear as dark shapes which most people would not notice . . . all these pictures are taken at night on our upper balcony and none of them have been harmed . we live next to a rainforest which may account for the amazing variety . . . . . i hope you enjoy them , and thanks in advance for any views & comments . .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .


eupithecia staurophragma is a moth of the family geometridae .

it is endemic to maui and hawaii .

eupithecia staurophragma

eupithecia staurophragma is a moth of the geometridae family . it is endemic to maui and hawaii .
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nishida , g . m . ( editor ) . 2002 . hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklist , fourth edition . hawaii biological survey bishop museum , bishop museum technical report no . 22 online . available : urltoken
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distribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .
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howarth , f . g . and w . p . mull . 1992 . hawaiian insects and their kin . university of hawaii press , honolulu , hawaii . 160 pp .
scoble , m . j . ( ed . ) , m . s . parsons , m . r . honey , l . m . pitkin , and b . r . pitkin . 1999 . geometrid moths of the world : a catalogue . volumes 1 and 2 : 1016 pp . + index 129 pp . csiro publishing , collingwood , victoria , australia .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
iucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
it has an unusual shape of the hind wings . it is highly variable in color pattern .
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