it was described by meyrick in 1916 .

it is found in french guiana .

the wingspan is about 17 mm .

the forewings are white , slightly sprinkled with pale greyish-ochreous except towards the costa anteriorly , the terminal edge pale greyish-ochreous .

the stigmata is small and black and there is a strongly curved series of minute scattered black specks from beneath the costa at three-fourth to above the dorsum at two-thirds .

the hindwings are grey-whitish .

inga refuga

inga refuga is a moth in the oecophoridae family . it was described by meyrick in 1916 . [ 1 ] it is found in french guiana . [ 2 ]
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biston strataria , the oak beauty , is a moth of the family geometridae .

it is native to europe , but is primarily found in the united kingdom .

b. strataria is found in a variety of habitats , but is mostly found in woodlands where it rests on the bark of trees , camouflaged by its mottled black and grey wings .

the male has feather-like antennae while those of the female are more thread-like .

the moth has a wingspan of 40 to 56 mm ( 1.6 to 2.2 in ) .

the larvae are mainly brown with three lumps near the end of the abdomen .

they have evolved to resemble sticks which helps protect them from predators .

the larvae feed on many species of trees , but the most commonly used host plants are oaks .

biston strataria

aedeagus of biston . 105 biston bengaliaria 106 biston pustulata 107 biston suppressaria 108 biston regalis 109 biston brevipennata 110 biston quercii 111 biston falcata falcata ( holotype of amphidasis erilda ) 112 biston falcata falcata 113 biston falcata satura 114 biston thibetaria 115 biston panterinaria panterinaria 116 biston panterinaria exanthemata . scale bar = 1 mm .
oak beauty ( biston strataria ) - norfolk moths - the macro and micro moths of norfolk .
male genitalia of biston . 70 biston melacron 71 biston marginata 72 biston thoracicaria 73 biston betularia parva 74 biston betularia nepalensis 75 biston robustum . scale bar = 1 mm .
male genitalia of biston . 76 biston mediolata sp . n . 77 biston contectaria 78 biston bengaliaria 79 biston pustulata 80 biston suppressaria 81 biston regalis . scale bar = 1 mm .
male genitalia of biston . 95 biston panterinaria panterinaria . from chebaling , shixing , guangdong 96 biston panterinaria exanthemata . scale bar = 1 mm . aedeagus of biston . 97 biston melacron 98 biston marginata 99 biston thoracicaria 100 biston betularia parva 101 biston betularia nepalensis 102 biston robustum 103 biston mediolata sp . n . 104 biston contectaria . scale bar = 1 mm .
habitat : biston strataria colonizes deciduous trees rich stocks of all kinds , especially forests , but also grasslands with trees , hedges and gardens .
remarks : the distribution extends from morocco across europe and most of temperate asia . in central europe biston strataria is common in most regions .
male genitalia of biston . 82 biston brevipennata 83 biston quercii 84–88 . biston falcata 84 biston falcata falcata ( holotype of amphidasis erilda ) 85 biston falcata falcata ( nyalam , tibet ) 86 biston falcata falcata ( mainling , tibet ) 87 biston falcata satura ( zhouqu , gansu ) 88 biston falcata satura ( shalin , gansu ) . scale bar = 1 mm .
female genitalia of biston and enlarged view of signum . 117 biston marginata 118 biston thoracicaria 119 biston betularia parva 120 biston betularia nepalensis . scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm . ( s = signum )
female genitalia of biston and enlarged view of signum . 121 biston mediolata sp . n . 122 biston bengaliaria 123 biston suppressaria 124 biston regalis . scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm . ( s = signum )
biston leach , 1815 , brewster’s edinburgh encyclopaedia , 9 : 134 . type species : geometra prodromaria denis & schiffermüller , 1775 ( = phalaena strataria ( hufnagel , 1767 ) ) , by subsequent designation by westwood , 1840 .
antennae of biston . 1 bipectinate , with long rami ( male of biston melacron ) 2 bipectinate , with short rami ( male of biston thibetaria ) 3 filiform ( female of biston betularia ) . scale bar = 1 mm .
female genitalia of biston and enlarged view of signum . 125 biston falcata falcata ( diqing , yunnan ) 126 biston falcata falcata ( gyirong , tibet ) 127 biston falcata satura ( zhouqu , gansu ) 128 biston thibetaria . scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm . ( s = signum )
female genitalia of biston and enlarged view of signum . 129 biston panterinaria panterinaria 130 biston panterinaria exanthemata . scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm . ( s = signum )
adults of biston . 4 – 6 biston melacron . 4 male ( holotype 5 male 6 ditto , underside 7 – 10 biston marginata . 7 male 8 ditto , underside 9 female 10 ditto , underside 11 – 12 biston thoracicaria . 11 male 12 female 13 – 16 biston betularia parva . 13 male ( holotype of biston huberaria tienschana ) 14 male ( holotype of biston cognataria sinitibetica ) 15 mal 16 female 17 – 18 biston betularia nepalensis . 17 male 18 female 19 – 20 biston robustum . 19 male ( holotype of biston robustum kiangsua ) 20 male . scale bar = 1 cm .
here , we divide the chinese biston into three species groups based on morphological characters . group i includes the “typical” species of biston . group ii includes biston brevipennata inoue , 1982 and the species which were treated in the subgenus eubyjodonta of biston by wehrli ( 1941 ) . group iii includes biston perclara ( warren , 1899 ) , biston thibetaria ( oberthür , 1886 ) and biston panterinaria ( bremer & grey , 1853 ) which was considered slightly different from the typical species of biston by sato ( 1996 ) .
the external characters of this species are close to those of biston suppressaria and biston inouei holloway , 1994 ( borneo ) , but it can be distinguished from those species by the following differences : this species ( length of forewing : 27–28 mm in male ) is larger than biston suppressaria and smaller than biston inouei ; the protrusion between m 1 and m 3 of the forewing postmedial line is relatively acute , but blunt or bilobed in biston suppressaria and biston inouei ; the hindwing basal line is more distinct in biston contectaria and biston inouei ; the projection between m 1 and m 3 of the the hindwing postmedial line is relatively acute in biston contectaria and biston suppressaria , but blunt in biston inouei . in the male genitalia , the apex of the uncus is broader than that of biston suppressaria and biston inouei , and is almost not bifurcated ; the median process of the gnathos is shorter and round distally , whereas it is longer and pointed in biston suppressaria and biston inouei ; the costa and the ventral margin of the valva are curved , while those of biston suppressaria and biston inouei are less curved or even incurved or concavely curved ; the costa is expanded and has dense setae basally , while it is straight in biston suppressaria and biston inouei ; the juxta is shorter and less pointed apically .
biston luculentus inoue , 1992 , described from se . thailand , is similar to biston suppressaria benescripta , but has the transverse lines even more clearly expressed ( e . g . see fig . 37 which is almost identical with biston luculentus ) . like biston suppressaria benescripta , also the biston luculentus form occurs sympatrically with typical biston suppressaria suppressaria or with biston suppressaria benesparsa wehrli , the latter being a rather rare form , at many places . also at the type locality of biston luculentus ( prov . chanthaburi , khao soi dao ) it occurs together with typical suppressaria ( coll . zfmk ) comparison of the genitalia of the two revealed no differences . thus we follow stüning ( in litt . ) and synonymize biston luculentus with biston suppressaria . besides , we also believe that the strange , almost patternless female figured by inoue ( 1992 ) as paratype of biston luculentus , belongs to another , still unidentified species .
adults of biston . 43 biston brevipennata , male 44 – 45 biston quercii . 44 female ( holotype ) 45 male 46 – 53 biston falcata . 46 male ( holotype of amphidasis erilda ) 47 male ( holotype of biston erilda satura ) 48 female ( holotype of biston emarginaria ) 49 female ( holotype of amphidasis clorinda ) 50 male ( lijiang , yunnan ) 5 1 female ( gyirong , tibet ) 52 male ( zhouqu , gansu ) 53 female ( zhouqu , gansu ) . scale bar = 1 cm .
the genus biston leach , 1815 is reviewed for china . seventeen species are recognized , of which biston mediolata sp . n . is described . biston pustulata ( warren , 1896 ) and biston panterinaria exanthemata ( moore , 1888 ) are newly recorded for china . the following new synonyms are established : biston suppressaria suppressaria ( guenée , 1858 ) ( = biston suppressaria benescripta ( prout , 1915 ) , syn . n . = biston luculentus inoue , 1992 syn . n . ) ; biston falcata ( warren , 1893 ) ( = amphidasis erilda oberthür , 1910 , syn . n . = amphidasis clorinda oberthür , 1910 , syn . n . = biston emarginaria leech , 1897 , syn . n . ) ; biston panterinaria panterinaria ( bremer & grey , 1853 ) ( = biston panterinaria abraxata ( leech , 1889 ) , syn . n . = biston panterinaria lienpingensis ( wehrli , 1939 ) , syn . n . = b . panterinaria szechuanensis ( wehrli , 1939 ) , syn . n . ) . biston falcata satura ( wehrli , 1941 ) , comb . n . is proposed . a key to chinese biston and diagnoses for chinese species are provided . illustrations of external features and genitalia are presented .
adults of biston . 31 – 32 biston pustulata . 31 male 32 ditto , underside . 33 – 40 biston suppressaria . 33 male ( holotype of biston suppressaria benesparsa ) 34 ditto , underside 35 male ( cili , hunan ) 36 ditto , underside 37 male ( diaoluoshan , hainan ) 38 male ( bawangling , hainan ) 39 female 40 ditto , underside ; 41 – 42 biston regalis . 41 male 42 female . scale bar = 1 cm .
biston perclara : prout , 1914 , ent . mitt . , berlin 3 : 264 .
adults of biston . 64 – 65 biston panterinaria panterinaria . 64 female ( fangshan , beijing ) 65 female ( yingtaogou , beijing ) ; 66 – 69 biston panterinaria exanthemata . 66 male 67 ditto , underside 68 female 69 ditto , underside . scale bar = 1 cm .
adults of biston . 21 – 24 biston mediolata sp . n . 21 male ( holotype ) 22 ditto , underside 23 female ( paratype ) 24 ditto , underside . 25 – 26 biston contectaria . 25 male 26 ditto , underside ; 27 – 30 biston bengaliaria . 27 male 28 ditto , underside 29 female 30 ditto , underside . scale bar = 1 cm .
biston quercii : prout , 1915 , in seitz , macrolepid . world , 4 : 359 .
final instar larva and metamorphosis of biston pustulata in singapore ( lepidoptera : geometridae : ennominae ) .
two new species of the genus biston ( lepidoptera , geometridae , ennominae ) from central asia .
male genitalia of biston . 89 biston thibetaria ; 90 – 94 . biston panterinaria panterinaria . 90 from sanpu , beijing 91 from dayu , jiangxi 92 from wuyanling , taishun , zhejiang 93 from taiyuan , pengshui , sichuan 94 from chebaling , shixing , guangdong . scale bar = 1 mm .
biston suppressaria : hampson , 1895 , fauna br . india ( moths ) , 3 : 247 .
biston falcata : hampson , 1895 , fauna br . india ( moths ) , 3 : 246 .
two new species of the genus biston leach from malaysia and the philippines ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) .
biston contectaria : yazaki , 1992 , in haruta , tinea , 13 ( suppl . 2 ) : 33 .
biston bengaliaria : yazaki , 1992 , in haruta , tinea , 13 ( suppl . 2 ) : 33 .
adults of biston . 54 biston perclara , male 55 – 57 biston thibetaria . 55 male ( syntype ) 56 male 57 female 58 – 63 biston panterinaria panterinaria . 58 male ( syntype of culcula panterinaria lienpingensis ) 59 female ( syntype of culcula panterinaria szechuanensis ) 60 male ( dayu , jiangxi ) 61 male ( jiulianshan , jiangxi ) 62 male ( shixing , guangdong ) 63 male ( pengshui , sichuan ) . scale bar = 1 cm .
biston contectaria walker , sensu xue , 1992a ; in liu , iconography of forest insects in hunan china : 880 .
biston ( cusiala ) bengaliaria : hampson , 1895 , fauna br . india ( moths ) , 3 : 247 .
biston panterinaria : sato , 1996 , trans . lepid . soc . japan , 47 ( 4 ) : 223–236 .
the subspecies of biston regalis from china is biston regalis comitata ( warren , 1899 ) ( eubyjodonta comitata warren , 1899 , novit . zool . , 6 : 50 . syntypes 2♂ , russia : amurland , sidemi . ( bmnh ) ) .
biston thibetaria : parsons et al . , 1999 , geometrid moths of the world , a catalogue , 1 : 88 .
peppered moth - biston betularia f . insularia - thierry - mieg , 1886 - 30w skinner - fleet - 9 june 2015
latin name : biston strataria size : wingspan approximately 55mm distribution : found throughout england and wales . less common in scotland and n . i . months seen : march to may . habitat : woods , parks and gardens . food : caterpillars feed on various trees including oak ( hence the name ) , hazel and alder . special features : the oak beauty is mostly white , dappled with alternate bands of brown and black . it flies at night and is readily attracted to light . uk safari moth section
biston thoracicaria : prout , 1915 , in seitz , macrolepid . world , 4 : 359 , pl . 19 : g .
biston betularia : prout , 1915 , in seitz , macrolepid . world , 4 : 358 , pl . 19 : g .
biston regalis : prout , 1915 , in seitz , macrolepid . world , 4 : 359 , pl . 19 : h .
biston falcata clorinda : parsons et al . , 1999 , geometrid moths of the world , a catalogue , 1 : 86 .
the external characters of this species are close to those of biston marginata as follows : the male antennae are partially bipectinate and filiform at tip ; the forewing postmedial line bilobedly protrudes between m 1 and m 3 , and slightly protrudes outwards between cua 2 and 1a + 2a . but it can be distinguished from biston marginata by the following characters : the hindwing outer margin is concave between m 1 and m 3 , whereas it is evenly round in biston marginata ; the transverse lines are black but dark brown in biston marginata ; the hindwing postmedial line is waved after m 3 , but straight in biston marginata ; the transverse lines on the underside of the wings are more conspicuous . the most distinct differences are in the male genitalia : the apex of the uncus is broader and bifurcated , whereas it is narrower and round in biston marginata ; the median process of the gnathos is broader and round terminally , while in biston marginata , it is slenderer and acute apically ; the setose area of the valva is much weaker ; the juxta is narrower , and sharply pointed apically , while in biston marginata , it is broader and round apically ; the cornutus is shortly digitiform , but is thornlike in biston marginata . in the female genitalia ( inoue 1977 ) , the signum is much longer than in biston marginata .
biston ( cusiala ) bengaliaria f . contectaria : hampson , 1895 , fauna br . india ( moths ) , 3 : 248 .
biston pustulata : holloway , 1994 , malay . nat . j . , 47 : 210 , pl . 12 , fig . 452 .
biston ( buzura ) suppressaria : wehrli , 1941 , in seitz , gross - schmett . erde , 4 ( suppl . ) : 436 .
there are two chinese subspecies of biston robustum , they are biston robustum robustum butler , 1879 and biston robustum subrobustum inoue , 1964 ( biston robustum subrobustum inoue , 1964 , kontyû , 32 ( 2 ) : 338 , pl . 8 , fig . 3 . holotype ♂ , taiwan ( central ) : puli . ( bmnh ) ) . the former is distributed in the mainland china , the latter is distributed in taiwan . the description of biston robustum kiangsua wehrli was based on a single , rather aberrant specimen , with a single printed label “shanghai china” . similar forms occur in japan , as mentioned by wehrli ( 1941 ) . so this name very probably does not denote a valid subspecies and it is synonymized correctly .
the external characters of this species are close to those of biston betularia as follows : the male antennae are partially bipectinate and filiform at apex ; the forewing postmedial line protrudes outwards between m 1 and m 3 and between cua 2 and 1a + 2a ; the discal spots of both wings are stripe - like . but it can be distinguished from biston betularia by the following characters : distinctly smaller ; the wing colour is dark brown , but greyish black in biston betularia ; the hindwing basal line is present , but absent in biston betularia ; the forewing r 1 and r 2 are separate , but stalked in biston betularia . in the male genitalia , the apex of the uncus and the median process of the gnathos are more slender than those of biston betularia ; the valva is more slender and longer ; the juxta is much narrower ; the cornutus is small and spine - like , whereas biston betularia has two kinds of cornuti , one is a large bundle of spines , the other is a small tuft of spines . in the female genitalia , the corpus bursae is curved in the anterior half , while in biston betularia , it is expanded posteriorly and narrow medially ; the signum is elliptic , with several small marginal spines , whereas it is bar - like and without marginal spines in biston betularia .
other beautiful bark mimics include the closely related , large and impressive oak beauty ( biston strataria ) ( photo 5 ) whose larvae also develop on a range of tree species ( including oak ) , and the somewhat smaller common carpet ( epirrhoe alternata ) ( photo 6 ) . the latter often finds its way into houses at night when the lights are on and the wind - ows have been left open . despite its name it does not pose any danger to floor coverings , the name solely based on its appearance not its feeding habits , the larvae being found on bedstraws and cleavers .
the genus biston resembles cusiala moore and iulotrichia warren in : the postmedial lines of both wings often protrudes outwards between m 1 and m 3 ; the apex of the uncus is often bifurcated . but biston differs from cusiala and iulotrichia in the following characters : the forewing fovea of the male is absent in biston but present in cusiala and iulotrichia ; in the male genitalia , the aedeagus vesica has numerous , very small , spine - like cornuti , arranged as two pair of longitudinal combs in cusiala and iulotrichia , which is absent in biston . the members of biston also resemble lycia hübner , 1825 and cochisea barnes & mcdunnough , 1916 , both of which belong to the former bistonini . but both of these genera can be distinguished from biston by the single pair of spurs on the hind tibia , as well as apterous or brachypterous female in lycia , and absence of the tongue in cochisea .
the purpose of this paper is , to review all known chinese biston species , to determine their diagnostic characters , to develope a key for their determination and to provide illustrations of external features and genitalia ; furthermore , one new species , biston mediolata sp . n . , will be described , biston pustulata ( warren , 1896 ) will be recorded as new for the fauna of china and several new synonyms and a new combination will be proposed . this results , to our present knowledge , in 17 species and nine subspecies of biston for the fauna of china and 52 species with 33 subspecies worldwide .
the diagnostic characters of external morphology of the species can be seen in the previous species . the male genitalia of the species are close to those of biston suppressaria . but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters : the vesica is less strongly sclerotized posteriorly ; the cornutus is small and spine - like but absent in biston suppressaria . the female genitalia are similar to those of biston betularia , but they differ in the following characters : the ductus bursae is shorter and the antrum is absent ; the corpus bursae is almost even in width , while in biston betularia it is enlarged , wrinkled and weakly sclerotized posteriorly , narrow medially and swollen anteriorly ; the signum is oval with several marginal spines , but a transverse bar in biston betularia .
biston robustum kiangsua wehrli , 1941 , in seitz , gross - schmett . erde , 4 ( suppl . ) : 433 , pl . 36 : b . holotype ♂ , china : shanghai . ( zfmk ) ( treated as a synonym of biston robustum robustum by parsons et al . ( 1999 ) )
biston cognataria alexandrina wehrli , 1941 , in seitz , gross - schmett . erde , 4 ( suppl . ) : 432 , pl . 36 : a . syntypes 4♂ , kirghizstan : alexander mountains . ( zfmk ) ( treated as a synonym of biston betularia betularia by parsons et al . ( 1999 ) )
descriptions of a new species and a new subspecies of the genus biston leach from the philippines , with notes on the two known species ( geometridae , ennominae ) .
the external characters of this species are close to those of biston contectaria , but it can be distinguished from that species by the following differences : the wings are pale yellow but white in biston contectaria ; the forewing postmedial line is much narrower and protruding outwards between cua 2 and 1a + 2a , while in biston contectaria , it is broader and without such a protrusion ; the discal spot on the hindwing upperside is large , round , black , while in biston contectaria it is almost absent ; the discal spots on the underside of both wings are larger and heavier . the male genitalia are close to those of biston suppressaria , but it can be distinguished by the square apex of the juxta , the shorter median process of the gnathos and the presence of a cornutus which is a short spinous patch . the female genitalia are similar to those of biston suppressaria . but it differs in that the corpus bursae is coiled anteriorly ; the signum is longer and narrower ; the ostium bursae is more strongly sclerotized .
holloway ( 1994 ) proposed a very broad concept of the tribe boarmiini which also subsumed the previously separate tribe bistonini , and provided the diagnostic characters for the genus biston .
biston cognataria sinitibetica wehrli , 1941 , in seitz , gross - schmett . erde , 4 ( suppl . ) : 433 , pl . 36 : a . syntypes ♂ , ♀ , china ( west ) : kangding . ( zfmk ) ( treated as a synonym of biston betularia parva leech , 1897 by parsons et al . ( 1999 ) )
biston ( eubyjodonta ) quercii : wehrli , 1941 , in seitz , gross - schmett . erde , 4 ( suppl . ) : 434 , pl . 36 : f .
biston ( eubyjodonta ) huberaria tienschana wehrli , 1941 , in seitz , gross - schmett . erde , 4 ( suppl . ) : 435 , pl . 36 : d , g . holotype ♂ , china : xinjiang , ürümqi , tian - shan . ( zfmk ) ( treated as a synonym of biston huberaria by parsons et al . ( 1999 ) )
biston robustum butler , 1879 , ann . mag . nat . hist . , ( 5 ) 4 : 371 . syntype ( s ) , japan : yokohama . ( bmnh )
experiments were made to find out whether caterpillars of ennomos alniaria , biston strataria and b . hirtaria are protected from jays and chaffinches by their resemblance to sticks . being used to the inedibility of sticks , the birds do not peck at the larvae . however , once it has found one by accident , a bird will usually peck at all similar objects until it is discouraged by finding only sticks . the original situation is then restored . the caterpillars are confused only with sticks of their own food plants , and some birds are able to distinguish them even from these . even in its present highly refined form , therefore , the adaptation does not yet give the maximum possible protection , and all steps in its evolution will have had a considerable selective advantage .
the larva is often twig - like with the characteristic 45 degree resting posture and an obtusely cleft head ( holloway 1994 ) . singh ( 1953 ) recorded the larva of biston suppressaria ( guenée , 1858 ) . issiki et al . ( 1977 ) illustrated the larva of biston robustum butler , 1879 . yamamoto et al . ( 1987 ) described and illustrated the larvae of biston betularia ( linnaeus , 1758 ) , biston robustum , biston regalis ( moore , 1888 ) and biston panterinaria . wagner ( 2001 ) recorded the larva of biston betularia . sato ( 2001 ) described the larva of biston marginata shiraki , 1913 . leong ( 2009 ) gave a description of the final instar larva and metamorphosis of biston pustulata . most species are highly polyphagous . the larval host plants have been recorded from the families aceraceae , adoxaceae , anacardiaceae , apocynaceae , aquifoliaceae , asteraceae , berberidaceae , betulaceae , bombacaceae , cannabaceae , caprifoliaceae , celastraceae , compositae ( asteraceae ) , cornaceae , corylaceae , cupressaceae , elaeagnaceae , ericaceae , euphorbiaceae , fagaceae , ginkgoaceae , grossulariaceae , guttiferae ( clusiaceae ) , iridaceae , juglandaceae , lardizabalaceae , lauraceae , leguminosae ( fabaceae ) , lythraceae , meliaceae , melianthaceae , myricaceae , myrtaceae , oleaceae , palmae , pinaceae , platanaceae , rhamnaceae , rosaceae , rutaceae , salicaceae , sapindaceae , sterculiaceae , styracaceae , solanceae , theaceae , tiliaceae , ulmaceae , verbenaceae ( summarized from inoue 1965 ; holloway 1994 ; zhang 1994 ; parsons et al . 1999 ; sato 2001 ; robinson et al . 2004 ) . patočka ( 2004 ) and patočka and turcani ( 2005 ) construct a key for the pupae of central european species . nakamura ( 2004 ) described and gave a key for the pupae of japanese species .
dasyphara billberg , 1820 , enumeratio insect . mus . g . j . billberg : 89 . type species : geometra prodromaria denis & schiffermüller , 1775 . [ junior objective synonym of biston leach . ]
übersicht über die afrikanischen arten der gattung biston leach , [ 1815 ] 1830 ( lepidoptera : geometridae : boarminae : boarmini ) . lambillionea 105 ( 1 ) ( supplement ii ) , mars : 1–34 .
amphidasis treitschke , 1825 , in ochsenheimer , schmett . eur . , 5 ( 2 ) : 434 . type species : geometra prodromaria denis & schiffermüller , 1775 . [ junior objective synonym of biston leach . ]
the wing pattern of this species is similar to that of biston exalbescens inoue , 2000 ( philippines ) as follows : the forewing postmedial line is weakly waved , broadly protruding outwards between r 5 and m 3 and below cua 2 ; the hindwing outer margin is concave between m 1 and m 3 ; the hindwing postmedial line protrudes outwards between m 1 and m 3 ; dark brown bands are present basally of the forewing antemedial line and distally of the postmedial line of both wings , and usually absent at apical area and between m 3 and cua 1 of the forewing . but the species can be distinguished from biston exalbescens by the following characters : the forewing antemedial line is thinner , the dark brown band basally of it is narrower ; the medial lines of both wings are less conspicuous . in the male genitalia , it differs in the much stronger central setose area of the valva ; the median process of the gnathos is spatulate terminally , but pointed in biston exalbescens ; the juxta is longer and narrower ; the vesica with two cornuti , a basal , oval plate with a lateral tooth and an elongate , sclerotized , spined fold . the female genitalia of this species are close to that of biston betularia , but it has a nearly triangular lamella postvaginalis , which is absent in biston betularia ; the ductus bursae is broader and sclerotized , without antrum ; the corpus bursae is pouched , but enlarged posteriorly and narrow medially in biston betularia ; the signum is almost oval , but bar - like in biston betularia .
biston marginata shiraki , 1913 , spec . rep . formosa agric . exp . stn , [ special reports no . 8 ] publication no . 68 : 433 , pl . 44 . syntypes , china : taiwan .
the wing pattern of this species is similar to that of biston contectaria as follows : the forewing outer margin is almost straight anteriorly ; the antemedial line is black , broad and almost straight ; the postmedial line acutely protrudes between m 1 and m 3 ; the medial lines of both wings are greyish yellow and indistinct ; pale yellow bands are present basally of the forewing antemedial line and distally of the postmedial line of both wings ; the hindwing basal line is black and distinct . but this species is smaller and can be distinguished by the following characters : the postmedial lines of both wings are narrower ; the forewing postmedial line weakly protrudes outwards between cua 2 and 1a + 2a , while in biston contectaria , it is straight ; the protrusion between m 1 and m 3 of the hindwing postmedial line is round but sharply angled in biston contectaria ; the discal spots on the underside of both wings are larger and heavier . in the male genitalia : the much broader uncus and valva of the new species are distinctly different from biston contectaria . the female genitalia are similar to those of biston panterinaria as follows : the apophyses posteriores are long ; the ostium bursae is sclerotized ; the ductus bursae is very short ; the corpus bursae is curved medially ; the signum is elliptic and narrow . but it can be distinguished from biston panterinaria by presence of the lamella postvaginalis .
this species is very close to biston pustulata , but we can distinguish it by the following characters : the protrusion between m 1 and m 3 of the forewing postmedial line is shorter , shallowly bilobed and sometimes round ; the projection between m 1 and m 3 of the hindwing postmedial line is round . in the male genitalia , it differs in the round apex of the juxta . the diagnostic characters of the female genitalia can be seen in biston bengaliaria .
biston brevipennata inoue , 1982b , bull . fac . domestic sci . , otsuma woman’s univ . , 18 : 176 , figs 40e , 41b . holotype ♂ , nepal : lete , 2400 m near nilgiri . ( bmnh )
biston fragilis inoue , 1958 , tinea , 4 ( 2 ) : 254 , pl . 34 , fig . 30 . holotype ♂ , japan : oita prefecture , saeki . ( bmnh ) ( synonymized by inoue ( 1965 ) )
? marmoraria sepp , 1792 , nederlandsche insecten , 2 : pl . 10 , pl . 11 , syntype ( s ) , netherlands . ( treated as a synonym of biston betularia betularia by parsons et al . ( 1999 ) )
phalaena ( geometra ) ulmaria borkhausen , 1794 , natur . eur . schmett . , 5 : 181 . syntype ( s ) , europe . ( treated as a synonym of biston betularia betularia by parsons et al . ( 1999 ) )
the hainan specimen is different from specimens of bornean material in the distinct transverse lines and the more acute projection between m 1 and m 3 of the hindwing postmedial line . however , the male genitalia of the hainan specimen are almost indentical to those of biston pustulata from borneo which were illustrated by holloway ( 1994 ) . thus we classify the hainan specimen as biston pustulata . if these differences prove constant in a larger number of specimens , the hainan population should be described as a separate subspecies .
pachys hübner , 1822 , syst . - alphab . verz . : 38 – 44 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 52 . type species : geometra prodromaria denis & schiffermüller , 1775 . [ junior objective synonym of biston leach . ]
biston melacron wehrli , 1941 , in seitz , gross - schmett . erde , 4 ( suppl . ) : 430 , pl . 35 : h . syntypes 3♂ , china : west tien - mu - shan , 1600 m . ( zfmk )
the external characters of this species are similar to those of biston thibetaria as follows : the forewing antemedial line and the postmedial lines of both wings are black and thick ; black patches are present distally of the forewing postmedial line between m 1 and m 3 , reaching the outer margin ; another smaller black patch is present distally of the forewing postmedial line below m 3 . but in this species the broad bands placed basally of the antemedial line of the forewing and distally of the postmedial lines of both wings are pale yellow and indistinct , whereas they are yellowish green and distinct in biston thibetaria ; the discal spots of both wings are less distinct or have completely vanished ; the forewing postmedial line is straight between cua 2 and 1a + 2a , while it is slightly excurved in biston thibetaria . the male genitalia of the species are almost identical to those of biston thibetaria . but the median process of the gnathos of the species is truncate apically and the incision of posterior margin of the juxta is less deep .
biston indeed has some typical features in common with the boarmiini : the postmedial lines of both wings often protrudes outwards between m 1 and m 3 ; in the male genitalia , the socii are usually absent ; the valva has a strong cucullus . however , biston also has some features atypical for boarmiini : a fovea is absent in the male forewing ; in the male genitalia , the valva is simple , without any ornamentation ( holloway 1994 ; pitkin 2002 ; viidalepp et al . 2007 ; young 2008 ) .
biston exotica inoue , 1977 , bull . fac . domestic sci . , otsuma woman‘s univ . , 13 : 322 , figs 65–67 . holotype ♂ , japan : kochi prefecture , kubokawa . ( bmnh ) ( synonymized by heppner and inoue ( 1992 ) )
biston ( buzura ) suppressaria f . benesparsa wehrli , 1941 , in seitz , gross - schmett . erde , 4 ( suppl . ) : 436 , pl . 36 : f . holotype ♂ , china : hunan , höng - shan . ( zfmk )
biston emarginaria leech , 1897 , ann . mag . nat . hist . , ( 6 ) 19 : 322 , pl . 7 , fig . 8 . holotype ♀ , china : sichuan , pu - tsu - fong . ( bmnh ) , syn . n .
the external characters of this species are close to those of biston porphyria ( butler , 1889 ) ( india ) as follows : the male antennae are bipectinate to tip ; greyish brown bands are present basally of the antemedial line of the forewing and distally of the postmedial lines of both wings ; the forewing medial line converges with the postmedial line at 1a + 2a ; the hindwing postmedial line acutely protrudes between m 1 and m 3 ; the submarginal lines of both wings are dark grey . but the species can be distinguished by the following characters : this species ( length of forewing : 28–30 mm in male ) is larger than biston porphyria ; the wings are broader ; the hindwing medial line is more conspicuous . the male genitalia of the species are similar to those of biston betularia as follows : the apex of the uncus is bifurcated ; the median process of the gnathos is about one - half length of the uncus ; the juxta is long , narrow , and acute apically . but it can be distinguished from biston betularia by the longer and narrower valva and the absence of cornuti .
biston luculentus inoue , 1992 , bull . fac . domest . sci . otsuma wom . univ . , 28 : 171 , figs 59 , 60 , 62–64 . holotype ♂ , thailand : chanthaburi , khao soi dao , 400 m . ( uos ) , syn . n .
this species is very distinct and is easily recognizable by the thick black lines and yellowish green bands placed basally of the antemedial line of the forewing and distally of the postmedial lines of both wings , the large , black ringed and pale - centred discal spots on both wings , as well as the black - belted abdomen and the fresh yellow anal tuft . the male genitalia of biston thibetaria are close to those of biston panterinaria : the apex of the uncus is bifurcated and about four - fifths as long as the basal width ; the median process of the gnathos is short and round apically ; the valva is broad basally and narrow apically ; the ventral margin of the valva is slightly sinuous ; the juxta has a deep incision at the middle on the posterior margin ; the cornutus is stick - like ; a narrow sclerotized band is present on lateral side of the aedeagus . but it can be distinguished from that species by the strongly rounded basal half of the valva . the female genitalia of the species are close to those of biston panterinaria as follows : the ostium bursae is weakly sclerotized ; the ductus bursae is very short ; the corpus bursae is curved medially , striated in the posterior half and enlarged at tip ; the signum is oval and with marginal spines . it differs in having an oval lamella postvaginalis , which is absent in biston panterinaria .
the wing pattern of this species is similar to that of biston falcata as follows : the forewing antemedial line is black , slightly waved ; the postmedial lines of both wings are black and dentate ; broad brown bands are present basally of the forewing antemedial line and distally of the postmedial lines of both wings ; the speckles scattered on the wings are black , and often gather to a black patch basally of the submarginal lines ; the hindwing medial line is black and double . but it can be distinguished by the following characters : the outer margins are more undulating , there are distinct marginal processes in the centre of both wings , absent in biston falcata ; the hindwing discal spot is present . the male genitalia are similar to those of biston falcata as follows : the apex of the uncus is round ; the median process of the gnathos is broad and round apically ; the juxta is long , narrow , acute and with a longitudinal arris apico - ventrally ; the cornutus is shaped as a spinous patch . but this species is characterized by the narrower juxta and the longer spines of the cornutus .
china , shanghai ( zfmk ) : 1♂ ( holotype of biston robustum kiangsua ) . shandong ( izcas ) : gujiding , 13 . iv . 1981 , 3♂ . jiangsu ( izcas ) : nanjing , qixiaqu , yaohuamen , 16 . iii . 2006 , coll . lang songyun , 3♂ . more material from shaanxi , 2♂ from taiwan , many from japan , 2♂ from korea and many from vietnam in coll . zfmk .
venation . forewing : sc free , r 1 and r 2 usually stalked ( separate in biston thoracicaria ) , diverging before anterior angle of cell ; r 2 sometimes connected by a short transverse bar with r 3–4 or r 3–5 ; r 3–5 before or from anterior angle of cell , not stalked with m 1 ; m 1 from anterior angle of cell ; m 3 from posterior angle of cell ; cua 1 before posterior angle of cell . hindwing : sc + r 1 close to cell less than onehalf length of cell ; rs before anterior angle of cell ; m 1 from anterior angle of cell ; m 2 absent ; m 3 from posterior angle of cell ; cua 1 before or from posterior angle of cell ; 3a absent .
male genitalia . uncus short and broad , ratio of length to basal width variable , often bifurcate terminally , sometimes bifurcation very shallow or on ventral side below apex , so the latter apparently square or round . arms of gnathos connected medially , with median process robust or slender , round , acute or square terminally . valva simple ; costa sclerotized , straight or incurved , with terminal half often broadened , bearing long setae from center to apex ; sacculus sometimes sinuous . saccus round or semicircular . juxta well developed , pointed , or round or flat apically , sometimes elongate , without lateral brushes of long setae , except in biston melacron wehrli , 1941 . aedeagus often cylindrical , sclerotized dorsally ; vesica usually wrinkled , scobinate , with or without cornuti ; shape of cornuti various .
many other geometrid larvae are similarly well camouflaged and often rest in a stretched out rigid position to perfect the illusion , like the peppered moth larva ( biston betularia ) in photo 3 , which feeds on a range of different shrubs and trees . at first glance , adult peppered moths ( photo 4 ) do not appear to be particularly well camouflaged until one realizes that they prefer to rest on light coloured tree bark mottled with lichens . when , in the middle of last century , heavy industrial pollution in parts of the country caused lichens to die off and tree bark to darken , the lighter coloured peppered moths became much more obvious to predators and only the darkest specimens survived , giving rise to almost all - black populations in the areas of the worst pollution . as air quality improved , lighter coloured individuals were once again seen in the population .
specimens of biston were obtained from institute of zoology , chinese academy of sciences , beijing , china ( izcas ) and zoologisches forschungsmuseum alexander koenig , bonn , germany ( zfmk ) . the other museums cited here , where types are deposited , are the natural history museum , london , united kingdom ( bmnh ) , the linnean society of london , united kingdom ( lsl ) , the zoologische staatssammlung muenchen , munich , germany ( zsm ) and the zoological institute , russian academy of sciences , saint - petersburg , russia ( zisp ) . terminology for wing venation followed the comstock - needham system ( comstock 1918 ) as adopted for geometridae by scoble ( 1992 ) and hausmann ( 2001 ) , and that of the genitalia was based on pierce ( 1914 ) , klots ( 1970 ) and nichols ( 1989 ) . photographs of adult moths and their genitalia were taken with digital cameras . composite images were generated using auto - montage software version 5 . 03 . 0061 ( synoptics ltd ) . the plates were compiled using adobe photoshop software .
we wish to express our hearty thanks to dr . dieter stüning , the zoologisches forschungsmuseum alexander koenig , bonn , germany , for providing help on many aspects , for example , suggesting the synonymies of b . falcata and b . suppressaria , preparation of the data and photographs of zfmk material of chinese biston , description of the male genitalia of b . perclara and making many linguistic corrections and comments . special thanks go to sir anthony galsworthy , the natural history museum , london , united kingdom and mr manfred sommerer , munich , germany , for providing the photos of some type material deposited at bmnh . we are grateful to all collectors whose contributions made our work possible . we appreciate the work of ms yang chao and ms yan keji for preparing some specimens and photographs . our thanks are also due to the reviewers for their valuable comments and corrections on the manuscript . we also appreciate mr . william oosterman , 132 pine street , oxford , pa 19363 , united states , for making many linguistic corrections . this work was supported by the key project of scientific innovation of cas ( kscx2 - yw - z - 0909 ) , the national science foundation of china ( no . 31172127 , 20870320 ) , the national science fund for fostering talents in basic research ( nsfc - j0930004 ) and a grant from the key laboratory of the zoological systematics and evolution of the chinese academy of sciences ( no . o529yx5105 ) .
description : wingspan 51 - 56mm . forewings are generally a mixture of mottled brown and white , with a distinct darkish band running across the outer edge of the forewing . the males have long feathery antennae and the body is quite hairy .
flight period : from mid - march to early april , although in some milder years the emergence can be earlier .
status : mainly confined to western counties at well - trapped sites such as , crom and garvary , where it is taken regularly in most years . increased fieldwork in the east has led to its discovery at the argory and peatlands in the late 1990 ' s and its rediscovery at rostrevor in south east down , where it hadn ' t been seen since the early part of the twentieth century . an early spring species , which may exist in small isolated populations at a few other woodland sites , particularly in antrim around glenarm and banagher in londonderry , where suitable habitat exists .
ecology : an attractive species associated mainly with old established woodland . adult males are frequently seen at light , females less so . their mottled appearance aids their concealment when at rest during the day on the trunks of trees . the larvae can be found on a variety of trees including oak quercus spp . , elm ulmus spp . , hazel corylus avellana , aspen populus tremula and alder alnus glutinosa from late spring onwards . it overwinters in the pupal stage .
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wingspan 40 - 50 mm . a large - bodied , attractive species with alternate bands of chestnut and white , speckled with black .
the caterpillars feed on a number of deciduous trees ; the species is not restricted to oak .
reasonably common in england and wales , scarcer in scotland and ireland . lycia hirtaria . in a recent survey to determine the status of all macro moths in britain this species was classified as common .
fairly frequent but not common in leicestershire and rutland . l & r moth group status = b ( scarce resident or restricted distribution or regular migrant ) .
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recorded in 60 ( 87 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1873 . last recorded in 2018 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
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host plants : the species is polyphagous on deciduous wood . noteworthy are salix , quercus , prunus .
life cycle : the moths overwinter in part developed in the pupal case and hatch early from february to april . the caterpillar lives from april to early july .
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the larva lives on various deciduous trees , with a preference for quercus . hibernates as a pupa underground .
the adults fly in one generation a year ; usually from early march till early may , but in mild conditions , the first moths can be seen from mid february onwards . they are attracted to light .
belgium , luxembourg , nassogne , 25 february 2007 . male ( photo © chris steeman )
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eubyja hübner , 1825 , verz . bekannter schmett . : 318 . type species : phalaena betularia linnaeus , 1758 , by subsequent designation by grote , 1902 .
amphidasys sodoffsky , 1837 , bull . soc . imp . nat . moscou , 10 : 90 . [ emendation of amphidasis treitschke . ]
amphidasea unger , 1856 , arch . ver . freunde naturg . - mecklenb . , 10 : 61 . [ emendation of amphidasis treitschke . ]
buzura walker , 1863 , list specimens lepid . insects colln br . mus . , 26 : 1531 . type species : buzura multipunctaria walker , 1863 , by monotypy .
culcula moore , 1888 , in hewitson & moore , descr . new indian lepid . insects colln late mr w . s . atkinson , ( 3 ) : 266 . type species : culcula exanthemata moore , 1888 , by monotypy .
eubyjodonta warren , 1893 , proc . zool . soc . lond . , 1893 : 416 . type species : eubyjodonta falcata warren , 1893 , by original designation .
blepharoctenia warren , 1894 , novit . zool . , 1 : 428 . type species : amphidasys bengaliaria guenée , 1858 , by original designation .
epamraica matsumura , 1910 , thousand insects japan , ( suppl . ) 2 : 130 . type species : epamraica bilineata matsumura , 1910 , by monotypy .
) . frons not protruding , smooth - scaled . tongue well developed . labial palpus small , with hair - scales , not extending beyond frons . compound eyes setose .
thorax . legs covered with hair - scales . hind tibia slightly dilated , with two pairs of spurs in both sexes , without hair - pencil . frenulum developed . forewing without basal fovea in male , triangular , outer margin straight or waved , hindwing round , outer margin smooth , sometimes concave between m 1 and m 3 or protruding between m 1 and cua 1 . wings white , pale yellow or greyish brown , transverse lines black , brown or white . pattern of forewing : antemedial line slightly waved , often accompanied by a band basally ; medial line waved , usually inconspicuous ; postmedial line waved or dentate , sometimes protruding outwards between m 1 and m 3 and between cua 2 and 1a + 2a , often accompanied by a band posteriorly ; submarginal line sometimes indistinct ; terminal line sometimes appearing as a series of short stripes between veins ; discal spot black or grey , shortly strip - like , dot - like or elliptic , pale - centred . hindwing sometimes with basal line ; medial line often indistinct , sometimes double ; postmedial line waved or dentate , sometimes protruding outwards between m 1 and m 3 ; terminal line similar to those of forewing ; discal spot sometimes smaller and less conspicuous than on forewing . terminal spots occasionally present on both wings , wedge - shaped . underside paler , transverse lines often similar to those of dorsal surface .


sublimity ( foaled 23 april 2000 ) is an irish thoroughbred racehorse whose flat racing and hurdling career was highlighted in 2007 when he won the champion hurdle at the cheltenham festival .

by selkirk and out of fig tree drive , sublimity is owned by bill hennessy and trained by his son robert alan hennessy in ratoath , county meath , ireland .

sublimity ( horse )

bbc sport | other sport . . . | horse racing | sublimity claims champion hurdle
the horse ' s owner , billionaire jp mcmanus , admitted that for once he had not backed the horse .
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for sublimity . sublimity is a mare born in 2006 october 19 by testa rossa out of rather droll
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“hang on a second , ” said robbie . “this is a good horse . ”
winning flat mare out of gr . 2 winning dam for sale | paradering horse sales
, 7pm , sublimity city hall , 245 nw johnson street , sublimity . meetings are open to the public . click for agenda > >
1910 - here are a couple of photos from the
horse and buggy
days .
- “our horse would never be sold without paradering . ie” jimmy & mary mangan - trainer
check out all the latest bookmakers free bets to be claimed on this weekend’s horse racing .
1915 - roy e . king of sublimity ( courtesy santiam historical society ) . he rests in the union hill / king cemetery near sublimity .
parelli 1 star junior instructor charlie johnson . a natural approach to horse training - if you truly love horses and have an interest in natural horse training , youll love the parelli method of natural horsemanship - a holistic approach to natural horse training based on developing a natural relationship with your horse through understanding his / her nature and understanding the world from the horse ' s point of view . based on respect , love , and understanding horse nature and psychology  the parelli method enables anyone at any level to have fun with horses and achieve amazi ( cont ' d )
above , left to right : lena hermens , mary vanhandel , jesse ( the horse ) .
highlights for this hillsboro , oregon horseback riding lessons instructor include : classical dressage , confidence building for horse and rider , starting horses , timid riders , haul - ins , beginner riding lessons for adults , weekend lessons , horse boarding , lesson horses available , private lessons , ground work , balanced seat , horse training , dressage training , and sublimity group lessons .
sublimity will be back at cheltenham in march when he tries to become only the second horse in history to regain the champion hurdle crown . photograph : toby melville / reuters / reuters
hennessy , who is the son of sublimity ' s owner bill , has only recently taken out a training licence but rode much of the work on the horse when with carr .
1995 - alan w . mcmahen became sublimity ' s first career fire chief .
steve wheeler tire center 400 sw sublimity blvd . sublimity map ( 503 ) 769 - 3446 mon - fri : 8am - 6pm , sat : 8am - 5pm
40 listings were found in the sublimity , oregon horseback riding lessons instructor directory .
carberry said :
i couldn ' t believe how well he was travelling going down to the last . what a horse , he is the best horse i ' ve ever ridden or ever likely to .
' the boss ( bill hennessy ) is looking for a horse that might be able to go for the triumph hurdle , something with a similar rating as sublimity on the flat . '
somebody has made a proper job of getting this horse well - handicapped . so who is the trainer ?
henderson’s appraisal is perhaps worth noting : “binocular is a year younger [ than punjabi ] and i still think he’s a horse with a big future . ‘ap’ said he might just have had a bit of a blow from the horse . but the horse is young and i wouldn’t be surprised if he has his day . ”
i couldn ' t believe how well he was travelling going down to the last ,
he said .
what a horse , he is the best horse i ' ve ever ridden or ever likely to .
highlights for this oregon city , oregon horseback riding lessons instructor include : horse leases , timid riders , lunge lessons , trailer loading , gift certificates available , beginner riding lessons for adults , private lessons , lesson horses available , young riders , problem horses , leasing , horse training , starting horses , beginning riders welcome , sublimity family friendly atmosphere , trail riding lessons , adult riding lessons , confidence building for horse and rider , ground work , weekend lessons , natural horsemanship training , haul - ins , and horse boarding .
performing at the union grange hall northeast of sublimity . ( photo by denny barnes for
he won a listed race on the flat for us and we knew he was a serious horse .
a delighted carberry said after the race :
he ' s the best horse i ' ve ridden .
we focus on a holistic horse / rider relationship . our english riding lessons encourage harmony between horse and rider . you will learn about the horse ' s physical and mental needs in accordance with the guidelines of classical dressage , natural horsemanship , and psycho - spiritual disciplines . our wonderful lesson horses support various riding levels and riding goals .
highlights for this sherwood horseback riding lessons instructor include : horseback riding , horse boarding , 5 years & up , balanced seat , balance and confidence for all types of riders , adult riding lessons , affordable , competing , starting horses , family friendly atmosphere , english instruction , and gentleness in your horse from the ground to the saddle , horse lessons , haul - ins , sublimity riding clinics , horse training , children ' s riding lessons , hunter jumper training , usef judge , advanced riders , private lessons , after school program , english , working student program , english horseback riding lessons . , intermediate riders , sales preparation & representation , coaching , confidence building for horse and rider , sublimity indoor riding arena , a circuit showing , english equitation , horse shows , jumper lessons , weekend lessons , internships , equitation , eventing coach , timid riders , ground work , and showing .
highlights for this hillsboro horseback riding lessons instructor include : hunter jumper training , ground work , hunt seat , family friendly atmosphere , young riders , private lessons , reasonable rates , breeding program , hunt seat equitation , hunters , family - friendly rates , weekend lessons , horse leases , lunge lessons , sublimity group lessons , children ' s riding lessons , showing , coaching , dressage training , confidence building for horse and rider , starting horses , beginning riders welcome , horse sales , beginner riding lessons for adults , sales preparation & representation , adult riding lessons , leasing , horse training , a circuit showing , sublimity haul - ins , and lesson horses available .
( note : sublimity got its post office about twenty years before its larger neighbor stayton . in fact , drury s . stayton was one of the original trustees of sublimity college and sublimity ' s second postmaster . stayton was named for him only after he moved there . )
sublimity ' s victory was so comprehensive that ladbrokes offers only 7 - 2 about a repeat success next year . betfred , on the other hand , expects to hold its offer of 8 - 1 until this morning and can expect plenty of takers , even though sublimity is apparently a difficult horse to keep healthy .
1923 - the knights of columbus organized st . anthony ' s council # 2439 in sublimity .
sublimity , a 16 - 1 shot , today won the smurfitt kappa champion hurdle at cheltenham .
should sublimity run in the limestone lad there is a strong possibility he will clash with dunguib .
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highlights for this banks horseback riding lessons instructor include : ground work , horseback riding camps , traveling instructor , weekend lessons , hunter jumper training , horse training , lunge lessons , group lessons , timid riders , dressage training , reasonable rates , showing , children ' s horse / pony birthday parties , gift certificates available , sublimity horse boarding , beginning riders welcome , family friendly atmosphere , private lessons , equitation all seats , children ' s riding lessons , trail riding lessons , starting horses , adult riding lessons , sales preparation & representation , haul - ins , lesson horses available , confidence building for horse and rider , natural horsemanship training , beginner riding lessons for adults , sublimity balanced seat , western pleasure , horse leases , family - friendly rates , leasing , classical dressage , young riders , intermediate riders , and working student program .
furthermore the horse he beat at chepstow pepite de soleil came out and won at wincanton at the weekend – get stuck in .
vendors register now , space is limited . vendors must be approved in advance by city of sublimity .
punjabi won the wbx . com
fighting fifth
hurdle at wetherby by a head from sublimity .
even brave inca , last year ' s winner and as tough as any horse to have run up the cheltenham hill , offered little resistance as sublimity and philip carberry quickened into the lead just after the final flight . it had been obvious from the top of the hill , though , that any leader but sublimity would be on borrowed time .
will hayler : champion hurdle winner sublimity bows out from racing after a final spin at punchestown tomorrow evening .
she is a half sister to the champion hurdler sublimity , who also won 4 times on the flat .
highlights for this junction city , oregon horseback riding lessons instructor include : children ' s horse / pony birthday parties , and riding clinics .
highlights for this hillsboro horseback riding lessons instructor include : traveling instructor , young riders , trailer loading , ground work , beginner riding lessons for adults , problem horses , gift certificates available , haul - ins , sales preparation & representation , beginning riders welcome , starting horses , timid riders , horse leases , 4 - h , sublimity family - friendly rates , showing , confidence building for horse and rider , horse training , gaming and ohset training , barrel racing lessons , family friendly atmosphere , reasonable rates , lunge lessons , trail riding lessons , children ' s riding lessons , adult riding lessons , lesson horses available , horse boarding , breaking , sublimity private lessons , weekend lessons , balanced seat , coaching , western pleasure , group lessons , leasing , and intermediate riders .
i have been very lucky to ride him from day one . he is a very good horse and he has proved it today .
he got into horse ownership as robbie went down the road of becoming a jockey and his primary aspiration was to have a runner at cheltenham .
former champion hurdle winner sublimity bounced back with a terrfic victory of the grade 1 leopardstown golf centre december hurdle .
sublimity claimed a surprise victory in the champion hurdle after holding off fellow irish challengers brave inca and hardy eustace .
1996 - on july 1 , sublimity school district no . 7 became part of the north santiam school district .
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1875 - drury smith stayton , in 1854 postmaster of sublimity and one of the founders of sublimity college , was one of the first buried in the grier cemetery between sublimity and stayton , which town he founded ( but that ' s another story ) . he was followed by his wife and later by these bronze markers on the original stones .
“you’d better hope that horse fails the vet tomorrow , ” said shane . “his pelvis pops out , and he has loads of other problems . ”
1907 - here is a class of public school district no . 7 , sublimity with its teacher , sister imelda .
joseph and elizabeth bany susbauer family at the catholic foresters hall in sublimity , celebrating their golden wedding anniversary , 1925 .
1914 - 1915 sublimity installed electric street lights from the stayton light company , paid for by a special city tax .
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urltoken horse sales helps horse trainers and horse breeders buy horses and sell horses in a more cost and time efficient way . thoroughbred buyers and bloodstock agents can find the latest irish horses for sale easily through urltoken this online community is enabling thoroughbred buyers and sellers to interact in a more convenient way . irish thoroughbreds are known for their quality across the world and urltoken provides a proven platform to sell irish horses . through our . . . read more about paradering
as all eyes turn to the cheltenham festival , horse & hound’s racing experts share their thoughts on which horses you should be looking out for this week .
stay in touch with all the action from the cheltenham festival as it happens with daily reports and blogs from horse & hound’s racing editor , catherine austen .
with that in mind , i’m happy to look to the bottom of the weights and a young horse with a big future ; tom george’s island flyer .
1960 - after 108 years sublimity finally got a real post office building . postmistress clara neal received many requests from afar for first day cancellations from the only post office in the world named sublimity . ( a letter arrived from london , england simply addressed to
sublimity .
) it replaced the post office in mrs . neal ' s home , below .
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1997 - the santiam canyon stampede was established as an annual prca rodeo at the sublimity harvest festival grounds in early august .
trainer john carr ensured that members of the hennessy family walked away with a cool five figure sum . robbie hennessy , the son of the horse ' s owner , revealed that he had backed the horse at 400 - 1 - and , after another drunken night out , put more money down at 200 - 1 .
in walked sublimity and out walked carr - or at least he tried . robbie told him to wait around , that this was a proper horse ; and that was exactly why carr had no interest .
we ' ve no chance of getting him ,
the trainer reasonably imparted .
robbie hennessy would love sublimity to land his first success for over two years in the mccarthy insurance group hurdle at cork today .
1949 - the rural fire district was formed . one engine was purchased , equipped , housed and manned in the sublimity station .
1962 - ed hassler next to a field of orchard grass . ( oregon state archives ) doerfler farms of sublimity is the largest grass seed producer in the world . christmas trees are also a major crop in the sublimity area , and are shipped worldwide .
check the usdf web site to verify that your horse has been declared , verify your horse has been accepted by the breed or performance registry , verify award requirements and finally , to follow theadequan® / usdf all - breeds preliminary awards standings . learn more about the adequan® / usdf all - breeds awards program ( pdf file ) .
trained by sir michael stoute on the flat , he was bought by robbie hennessy at the sales for 32 , 000 guineas . hennessy now trains the horse himself , but it was in the care of john carr that sublimity beat brave inca to take the hurdling crown in 2007 under philip carberry .
sir des champs returned from a near two - year injury layoff to record a listed victory in the boomerang animal bedding and boomerang horse & country store chase at thurles .
sublime flight
champion hurdle winner sublimity in oils on canvas36x24
£2750a limited giclee is also available please contact us for details .
serving : stayton , sublimity , aumsville , turner , scio , lyons , mill city , gates , detroit and the santiam canyon .
robbie hennessy is eyeing the urltoken ' fighting fifth ' hurdle at newcastle as the likely return date for 2007 champion hurdle hero sublimity .
it was at leopardstown in 2008 where sublimity had his only grade one victory under robbie ' s care - probably bill ' s proudest day of them all . the reception for the little horse that day will be rivalled if coneygree wins in foxrock next month and only jumps racing can do that to us .
1934 - the confectionary in sublimity , ben toepfer proprietor . ben started with food and
near beer
during prohibition , later had the real thing . ( courtesy santiam historical society ) this building and bar served as meier ' s sublimity saloon early in the century .
great - grandfather was first sublimity settler by carl hobson , keizer , oregon ( a letter to the editor , date ? )
i have been following with interest the possibility of the town of sublimity merging with stayton . i am opposed based upon a personal interest .
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sublimity passed his wind test the following morning . robbie was gutted . two and a half years later , he won the champion hurdle .
1890 - center street , sublimity , looking south . the rooming house or hotel is at the right ; the stores are farther along .
like other sublimity families , mathies and bernadine schmid shared sons and daughters with the church . in the front row , left to right , are sisters rosaria and thecla , and fathers mark and leo . mark wrote the history sublimity , story of an oregon countryside in 1951 .
' at the moment sublimity is working very well and i couldn ' t be happier with him to be honest , ' said hennessy .
1919 - i . j . boedigheimer and helen frances smith ' s 25th wedding anniversary in 1919 , taken on their front porch in sublimity .
carr also revealed that sublimity nearly took his chance in the vincent o ' brien county hurdle at the festival as he was so attractively weighted .
reigning smurfit champion hurdler sublimity is bang on course for this year ' s cheltenham showpiece after pleasing in a work - out at navan yesterday .
hennessy was not standing for that , and why should he ? for this breakthrough , with just his seventh runner , was an audacious vindication for the rookie , whose father , bill , owns sublimity and had transferred him from john carr . however enviable the privileges of nepotism , to some degree they left hennessy jnr on a hiding to nothing . if sublimity excelled , it would be down to the horse ; if not , well , it would obviously be down to the trainer .
president mcaleese left the plush royal box to present the hennessys with the trophy for the champion hurdle after watching willie mullin ' s horse ebaziyan set the irish on track in the first race .
bill hennessy , owner of sublimity and robbie ' s dad , passed away over the weekend at the age of 79 . a bar owner in artane , the kick he got out of the former michael stoute - trained horse was probably something he recalled to help his waning spirits as he struggled with illness for several of his later years .
champion hurdle winner sublimity bowed out from racing at punchestown this evening , finishing fourth behind action master in the motivate challenge supported by failte ireland hurdle .
the other dual winners are bula ( 1970 and 71 ) , comedy of errors - the only horse to regain the title ( 1973 and 75 ) and hardy eustace ( 2004 and 05 ) .
long talked about by paul nicholls as his possible 2009 cheltenham festival arkle chase horse , this sturdy classic jumping type gets a handy four - year - old allowance in a field of just five .
sublimity was settled in last place throughout the early stages , but moved menacingly into contention under a confident ride as the runners descended towards three from home .
sublimity overtook former winners hardy eustace and brave inca at the last fence and raced clear to win the champion hurdle at cheltenham , england , on tuesday .
nothing short of brilliant in four racecourse outings last season , the only horse to lower his colours was captain cee bee when he still emerged with huge credit as runner up in the supreme novices’ hurdle .
sublimity ' s route to a second champion hurdle crown in march will probably need to go through binocular , currently the hot favourite for the race at around 6 - 4 . hennessy ' s horse is still a 10 - 1 chance — though he will surely be shorter if he wins tomorrow — and the trainer is in no doubt where the value lies .
dents originals fine art :
sublime flight
champion hurdle winner sublimity in oils on canvas36x24
£2750a limited giclee is also available please contact us for details .
1947 - sublimity built its water system including a 370 ft . well and a 50 , 00 gallon water tower with asbestos pipes - how times have changed !
champion hurdle winner sublimity could be given an intriguing entry in the totesport ebor , a top flat race run at york , according to his trainer john carr .
1920s - tony van handel ' s harness shop . jim ripp worked here . it is now the site of dr . heuberger ' s veterinary office . a leather horse collar rests on the plank sidewalk .
all content copyright © 2016 urltoken horse sales . all rights reserved . paradering ltd is registered in ireland . office : ignite innovation centre , western gateway building , western road , cork . company number : 508031
the form of his run at cheltenham’s open meeting back in november looks very solid , with the horse that beat him that day punchestowns now favourite for the world hurdle after following up in style at ascot .
the bookmaker was worst hit by a 400 - 1 bet on the hennessy ' s horse at the betting shop in dublin ' s ballyfermot , with a ? 50 , 000 payout to one lucky punter .
1973 - the scarcity of nuns and high staffing costs forced st . boniface to close its grade school too . ( reminiscent of sublimity college closing a hundred years before on the same location ? ) school district 7c leased the former st . boniface high school for $ 10 , 000 annually for use as sublimity middle school .
castaway farms horseback riding school offers horse camps for kids . new this year is the miniature horse camp for children ages 5 - 10 yrs old . your child will be all smiles when they meet our mini horses ! they will enjoy learning about this unique and amazing breed in a fun & safe environment . working with a mini horse encourages discipline , responsibility and respect . the gentle nature of the mini helps build confidence and self - esteem - - important qualities that will carry over into adulthood . this camp will be the highlight of the summer and create long lasting memories for your child ! camp wi ( cont ' d )
murphy acknowledges masterminded is an exceptional horse , but he thinks if someone takes him on in the early stages of the champion chase , he may just lose concentration , which would then give big zeb a chance .
that rival did not go through with his effort quite as wholeheartedly , however , and sublimity was driven out by philip carberry to win by half a length . no doubt the intrusion of won in the dark contributed to ladbrokes ' decision to cut binocular to even money for the champion , with sublimity next at 10 - 1 .
1987 - the rural fire district annexed the city fire department to become the current sublimity fire district . 1989 - a new headquarters station was built on parker st .
2004 - sublimity ' s mayor ( for the second time ) is ray heuberger dvm . heubergers have been part of the church and town from the early days .
we took eight horses to navan and they worked over two miles . sublimity jumped very well and came away from them readily ,
said trainer john carr .
the sublimity , oregon ( marion county ) horseback riding lessons instructor page is a match - when using our zip search - for the following zip codes : 97385 .
last year - two hurdles from home katchit appeared to have mastered osana but both favourite sizing europe and the previous year ' s winner sublimity loomed large . sizing europe lost his action and was virtually pulled up while a mistake at the last cost sublimity his chance . however osana wasn ' t done with and pushed katchit all the way . to the line failing by a length in a thrilling finish . in doing so , katchit became the first horse since persian war to win the champion after success in the previous season ' s triumph hurdle .
the horse is now 11 years old and has had his fair share of problems so we would love to finish him up while he is still in relatively good shape . he will spend his retirement with us and his days will be kept busy as a work partner and lead horse . it is important to keep him active because while his body might not be at its best shape , his mind is very sharp .
perhaps , but maybe not quite yet , because the second winner of hennessy ' s training career could well arrive in a grade one too . sublimity is the second - favourite for the toshiba irish champion hurdle at leopardstown tomorrow , which will be his prep race before an attempt to become only the second horse — after comedy of errors — to regain the hurdling championship at cheltenham .
1903 - in stayton the catholic community built themselves a church . it is said that the steeple was made a foot higher than sublimity ' s ! immaculate conception was dedicated in 1904 ( photo below courtesy vera boedigheimer ) , but it was not until 1931 that they had a resident pastor . father lainck drove his horse and buggy to stayton to say mass there on alternate sundays .
regular readers of this column will know i’m quite a fan of this horse , and he can earn us a few quid with a big run in the feature race at the newton - le - willows track tomorrow .
colorful new mural on the old 1960 post office building reflecting its new use as a telephone office . sublimity now has a large new post office , below , 2002 .
the picture may become clearer on sunday week in the aig europe champion hurdle at leopardstown if straw bear takes on the likes of al eile , sublimity and sizing europe .
- “bought a very nice mare through the website & sold one of mine as well . it’s a really welcome addition to the horse industry & is changing the industry for the better . ” liam casey – breeder & owner
one horse who did hurdle like a natural was victor dartnall’s lodge lane , and there’s genuine excitement about his first try over the larger obstacles in the devon county show exeter novices’ chase at 1 . 40pm ( friday ) .
1896 - after a series of small farm fires , a group of farmers organized the
farmers relief association
to provide mutual insurance , later known as sublimity insurance company .
2006 - six months later , in august , there was an
open house
for the new archives facility . for lots more about this program , see sublimity history .
. ) their music is a living continuation of the musical traditions of sublimity familes dating back 60 or 70 years . these traditions are profiled in an article by sharon barnes entitled
2011 - the september sublimity harvest festival has grown hugely since 1972 , mostly in a mechanical direction , but we still see the ever popular draft horses . here are the herman hendrickses driving the tim bielenbergs ' fine team and oaklea farm freight wagon . ( it was my pleasure to tour downtown sublimity in this conveyance on a recent summer evening . )
sublimity had to fight from there but just had the extra edge in speed on the run to the line , prevailing by half a length as the 11 / 10 favourite .
philip won the big race of the day , the smurfit kappa champion hurdle , riding sublimity . the horse is owned by the man who gave u2 frontman bono his name . bill hennessy , whose dublin hearing aid company bonavox reached worldwide fame thanks to a rock star formerly known as paul hewson , was the name on everyone ' s lips - including those of president mary mcaleese - after the race .
carr ' s bid of 32 , 000 guineas later and he was theirs . it had to be too good to be true : the horse had won a listed race only a few months later and had been rated 110 .
williams will be at rosehill before flying out to ride flying tamari for almond lee , who was hayes ' no . 2 in hong kong before taking out his own licence . dunn will ride another lee horse , infinite delight .
imperial commander is a handicapper stepping up massively in class , voy por ustedes is short enough at 7 / 2 , while the jury is still out on comeback horse war of attrition as he steps back up to three miles .
sublimity , touched off in last month’s fighting fifth and who won the 2007 champion hurdle before finishing fourth to katchit last season , had his cheltenham odds cut to 10 - 1 .
there was a big upset on day one of the cheltenham festival when 16 - 1 outsider sublimity lived up to his name with an emphatic victory in the grade one champion hurdle .
sublimity and philip carberry landed odds of 16 - 1 in a thrilling renewal of the smurfit kappa champion hurdle , the feature race on the opening day of the 2007 cheltenham festival .
1972 - the sublimity harvest festival began . the largest show of its kind west of the mississippi , it draws over 30 , 000 visitors on the weekend following labor day . the emphasis has shifted through the years from grass seed farming to tractor , draft horse , and truck pulls to
monster trucks ,
etc . originally in town it now has permanent competition fairgrounds adjacent to the local chemeketa community college .
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we’ll strike early on friday with a horse your correspondent has been waiting three months to see in the shape of alan king’s mount helicon , who makes his english debut in newbury’s 1 . 00 race the q associates juvenile novices’ hurdle .
highlights for this west linn horseback riding lessons instructor include : beginner riding lessons for adults , lesson horses available , confidence building for horse and rider , balanced seat , group lessons , young riders , certified instructor , and timid riders .
highlights for this portland , oregon horseback riding lessons instructor include : children ' s riding lessons , pony rides , family friendly atmosphere , company picnics , church events , school carnivals , and children ' s horse / pony birthday parties .
carr wanted to send sublimity for friday ' s county hurdle ( in which he has 10st 13lb ) but hennessy ruled otherwise .
we thought he ' d be a bit of a certainty if the topweight stayed in [ the county hurdle ] . but we decided the horse could be hurt , or we could be dead , so we ' d have a go at the champion this year ,
he said .
2004 - june 5 was the 125th anniversary of our parish and the 1250th anniversary of the martyrdom of bishop boniface . mass with bishop steiner . german sausage picnic and music in a huge tent welcome to the community . display of historical artifacts , such as this door from the old sublimity college , supplied and displayed by sublimity ' s favorite historian , vera boedigheimer .
sublimity has been carr ' s only runner to date at cheltenham , having run there in the past two years , which might change this year as motarqueb , racing in sublimity ' s colours might get a run in the vincent o ' brien county hurdle and killeaney could go for a spin in the cross - country race . but these horses are only bit players to the star of the show , sublimity , who will travel over on saturday by boat and be stabled at prestbury park prior to his challenge on the opening day of the festival .
hennessy said : ‘i was working there when the horse was with john as i was only going over to him two or three times a week . the chap who was killed had shaken my hand about 20 minutes before he was shot .
the expected heavy ground at leopardstown tomorrow is unlikely to suit sublimity ' s cruise - and - quicken style , though hennessy feels he may now be better equipped to deal with adversity .
1853 - the hobson - whitney cemetery was established east of sublimity . family members of jeremiah kenoyer and john f . brewer , who were among the founders of sublimity college , are buried there , along with other pioneers . pioneer life was precarious . salem dixon , perhaps the first to be buried in the cemetery , died by
accidental
shooting . his epitaph :
ca 1950 - lively saturday nights were provided by local musicians , many from sublimity , at the aumsville pavilion . this is the
rangeriders
band . ( aumsville historical society photo )
of the four previous champions in the field , katchit ( sixth ) fared best , followed by hardy eustace ( ninth ) , sublimity ( 15th ) and then brave inca ( 18th ) .
1927 - rev . francis scherbring was appointed to minister to the sublimity and stayton parishes . he had served previously at salem and shaw . he organized the young people ' s club . noting the growth in the sublimity area he made plans to build a new gothic church ; these were near the final stage when he unexpectedly died in 1935 . 1927 - 1935 father francis scherbring , pastor
the pastor of st . boniface now celebrates the 8 : 00am sunday mass in shaw instead of sublimity . the st . boniface mixed choir continues to inspire at the 10 : 00am sunday mass in sublimity , but without their 8 : 00am mass , the st . boniface men ' s choir , active since the 1930s , is reduced to part time service at saturday evening vigil masses .
when bill hennessy paid 32 , 000 guineas for a horse called sublimity at the newmarket sales in 2004 , he was more interested in his form on the flat than the fact his name means
nobility in thought , feeling or style
. it proved to be a worthy name for a champion here yesterday , though , as the seven - year - old won the champion hurdle by three lengths having travelled with exceptional ease throughout the race .
sublimity and won in the dark were powerfully joining issue at that stage , but once again sizing europe was travelling better still . just as at cheltenham , however , the candle would abruptly flicker and die , as though a bitter wind had flung open the window . suddenly he was running on the spot , and instead sublimity was followed through by an apparent interloper in won in the dark .
1863 - sublimity elementary school officially became district no . 7 , with 110 students . the term was extended from three months to five months , and teachers were paid $ 20 . 00 monthly .
1912 - october , after several large fires , the city of sublimity formed the sublimity fire department . the fire department acquired one a . g . long # 10 chemical fire engine that had a 45 gallon tank , two wagon style wheels , two kerosene lanterns , an axe and a crowbar . information as to the leadership of the department is sketchy , however g . h . bell was president at its formation . many names still common to current sublimity appear on the early rosters , such as zuber , ditter , etzel , ripp , susbauer , kintz , riesterer , and welter .
no admission charge . learn about sublimity ' s history , and maybe even your own family genealogy , through archived documents , photos and conversation with knowledgeable volunteer staff . coffee and cookies always available .
the ante - post betting suggests that there could well be another imminent victory for the visitors as the bill hennessy - owned sublimity is the 4 / 1 market leader for a follow - up .
- “this is the new way of trading horses . i put up my horse for sale and she was sold in 2 days ! this is definitely the way things are going and it’s definitely the way forward to sell horses . ” tom mullins – trainer
what’s even more remarkable is that binocular might face his biggest challenge for hurdling’s greatest prize from a horse who stands in the same yard – punjabi . you could say henderson isn’t so much facing an embarrassment of riches in this department as wallowing in them .
fairytales can still come true , even today when the most promising jumpers change hands for anything up half - a - million pounds . sublimity , a lightly - raced ex - flat horse , who had been backed at 599 - 1 several months ago , landed yesterday ' s smurfit kappa champion hurdle at cheltenham to give the supremely - confident jockey philip carberry , perhaps the lowest - profile member of the famous irish racing family , his first festival winner .
therefore the horse carrying my cash at 9 / 1 each way with coral will be bottom weight seven is my number – he’ll have no issues with the ground and badly needs a penalty to get into the weights for his various possible festival assignments next week .
carberry was always travelling well just in behind the front two and when he asked his mount to quicken , sublimity shot up the final incline to win by three lengths with afsoun a further neck away .
bill van handel had purchased property northeast of sublimity near triumph road . his oldest daughter , mary , stayed with relatives in verboort while the new home place was prepared for the family . early one summer morning , all by herself , mary left for sublimity in the buggy shown with jesse , who was a fast walker . after about 75 miles they arrived at the crossroads of the sublimity / silverton silver creek roads . jesse balked and refused to continue straight east . it was near sunset and mary was very concerned , then remembered her dad saying if jesse ever gave any trouble , to
let him have his head .
she loosened the reins and he turned south to sublimity and they soon arrived safely , after dark at the new homesite . ( photo and story thanks to joe spenner . )
1940s - sublimity got a new municipal water system , a new grade school , two general stores , a building supply store , and a tavern . wheat , oats , and barley were major crops .
sublimity joined the leaders at the final flight and scooted right away to win in impressive fashion , ensuring philip joined siblings paul and nina in the record books having won a race at the showpiece meeting .
philip carberry - - who partnered dublin owner bill hennessy ' s gelding to success a year ago - - was again aboard sublimity and expressed himself very happy with the way his mount asserted his superiority .
effective 10 / 1 / 2009 , a completed all - breeds declaration form must accompany all breed or performance registry papers for a horse to be declared for the usdf all - breeds program . the all - breeds declaration form is located on the usdf web site .
thanks to joe spenner , this fine logging scene is at gale creek near verboort , oregon with wm . vanhandel on the right , before settling in sublimity , after perhaps traveling with these oxen to oregon .
2010 in may the unused old municipal water tower was finally cut up and trucked away in pieces , a landmark not likely to be much missed . for years sublimity has shared a water system with stayton .
1860s - sublimity had been bustling when the civil war broke out . it had a chinese laundry , five stores , a gun maker ' s shop , public school , college , methodist church , united brethren church , hotel , post office , public well and a furniture shop . some say sublimity was as large then as it is now . the civil war caused a severe decline in sublimity ' s population as settlers returned to their native states to fight , dissension over slavery being intense . the town became deserted ; the college closed but reopened in 1865 at the end of the war . it closed permanently in 1870 .
if robbie hennessy was ever going to give it a go as a racehorse trainer , this was the year to do it , this year when he could have a high profile horse , a champion hurdle winner , who would draw media attention like a blooming rose draws bees . it wasn’t easy on john carr . it’s not often that you win a champion hurdle with a horse and then lose him from the yard the following year . but there was no falling out between carr and the hennessys . it was just one of those things .
1904 - a new rural postal route began from sublimity to silver creek falls . 1905 - in the stayton mail : rural mail carrier b . s . branch went to the fair and brought back a wife .
with 6 - 4 favorite detroit city well back in the field of 10 , philip carberry kept 16 - 1 shot sublimity behind the two front runners until they approached the end of the 2 - mile race .
sublimity had been backed ( including by his trainer ) at odds as big as 600 / 1 on the betting exchanges and started at just 16 / 1 having been well backed by the public in recent weeks .
2009 vera boedigheimer , our dear friend passed away on may 12 . at the spring event of the oregon catholic historical society held at st . boniface archives & museum in sublimity , it was my privelege to announce :
thanks to wikipedia for explaining the three - year - old is named after a greek mountain – “one celebrated by hesiod because two springs sacred to the muses were located here : the aganippe and the hippocrene , both of which bear “horse” ( ? ? ? ? ? hippos ) in their toponym . in a related myth , the hippocrene spring was created when the winged horse pegasus aimed his hoof at a rock , striking it with such force that the spring burst from the spot . on helicon too was the spring where narcissus was inspired by his own beauty” .
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the 599 - 1 was taken on the betting exchanges - some of it by the horse ' s trainer john carr - and the 66 - 1 with the bookmakers started disappearing before sublimity was seen on a track this season - in a small hurdle race at navan at the end of january . he hacked up that day by 20 lengths , but so lacking was that race in quality , many dismissed the performance out of hand . it was deemed to be of little relevance in champion hurdle discussions .
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bradstock and john carr have something in common : neither has reached double figures in terms of winners in a season . neither sublimity nor the late bill hennessy will be at leopardstown come christmas but there is talk coneygree might .
bill hennessy , from artane , an owner of 40 years ' experience , paid 32 , 000 guineas to buy sublimity out of the stable of sir michael stoute . at one stage last year , hennessy feared his latest investment was in danger of dying .
there was a virus in the yard at christmas and sublimity got the worst of it . there was a time when we thought we were going to lose him ,
he recalled .
the balance of power still appears to be held by the irish contenders for the smurfit kappa champion hurdle , spearheaded by last year ' s hero sublimity and backed up by former dual title - holder hardy eustace and harchibald .
1920 - joe schrewe resting after falling a douglas fir on his land in southwest sublimity . the stump looks to be about seven feet wide . born in germany , joe died in 1961 at 88 . he had three children .
with an irish grand national win on point barrow for pat hughes , in addition to numerous top class victories in sean mulryan ' s colours in france , carberry has been handed the task of steering sublimity in this years challenge .
the manner of sublimity ' s victory was such that , provided he remains sound , he should be defending his title next year . he is already quoted as high as 8 - 1 but as low as 7 - 2 .
■the irish collected again when sublimity , backed at up to 600 - 1 several months ago and 66 - 1 more recently , won the champion hurdle on the opening day of england ' s famous cheltenham jumps carnival on tuesday .