the arnhem leaf-nosed bat ( hipposideros inornatus ) is a species of bat in the family hipposideridae .

it lives in the sandstone areas of kakadu national park ( northern territory , australia ) .

it is most often considered to be a subspecies of hipposideros diadema .

arnhem leaf - nosed bat

the arnhem leaf - nosed bat is a medium - sized very pale brown bat . it has large , pointed ears and a well - developed nose - leaf .
arnhem long - eared bat , northern long - eared bat and pygmy long - eared bat ( plate 63 ) .
2009 .
leaf - nosed bat
( on - line ) . encyclopaedia britannica online . accessed february 27 , 2009 at urltoken .
describes the arnhem leaf - nosed bat hipposideros inornata , its conservation status , appearance , distribution , ecology , threatening processes and conservation management . a list of relevant references is provided . ( pdf file , 417 kb )
arnhem leaf - nosed bats are present in monsoon forest , eucalyptus forest and woodlands , and open heath on sandstone plateaus usually close to water . they roost in caves or abandoned mine adits . the largest known roost possibly contains between 20 and 50 individuals . its diet includes beetles , moths , cockroaches , and leaf - hoppers ( woinarski and milne 2005 ) .
images of bat species found in the northern territory . note : list to be complete
dewey , t . 2011 .
hipposiderinae ( old world leaf - nosed bats )
( on - line ) . grzimek ' s animal life . accessed april 25 , 2011 at urltoken .
members of hipposideridae are found throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the old world . these old world leaf - nosed bats are found in africa , southern asia , the philippine islands , the solomon islands , and australia .
the presence of insectivorous bats indicates suitable roosting sites nearby and intact and healthy feeding habitat . the disappearance of arnhem leaf - nosed bat from litchfield national park highlights the extreme sensitivity of this species to disturbance . the most likely cause is humans visiting roosting caves , a threat which is now under control . rarity of the species may indicate a shortage of suitable , undisturbed roost sites , but may also reflect health of the broader landscape .
kunz , t . , p . racey . 1998 . bat biology and conservation . washington and london : smithsonian institution press .
this bat roosts in caves or abandoned mines in cool drafty areas , close to water , but may also use tree hollows . it forages in riparian areas and in eucalypt tall open forests , where it feeds on flying insects and other small animals . restricted to the northern territory , it is only known to occur on the western arnhem land sandstone massif , although it was formerly found in litchfield national park .
hand , s . j . and archer , m . 2005 . a new hipposiderid genus ( microchiroptera ) from an early miocene bat community in australia . palaeontology 48 ( 2 ) : 371–383 .
mckean , j . l . 1970 ,
a new subspecies of the horseshoe bat , hipposideros diadema from the northern territory , australia
, western australian naturalist , vol . 11 , pp . 138 - 140
many hipposiderid species have a small sac just posterior to the nose leaf . the sac , which is possessed primarily by males , secretes a waxy substance that may be used during mating season to attract mates or fend of potential rivals .
hipposiderids cause little economic damage . there are no known pathogens specific to hipposideridae that are harmful to people or domesticated animals . however , bats occasionally roost in occupied buildings , which can be destructive and has the potential to spread disease . any species of bat infected with rabies could potentially bite and transmit the pathogen to humans .
a defining characteristic of hipposiderids is their elaborate noseleaf . the noseleaf consists of fleshy protrusions on top of a u - shaped rhinarium ( i . e . , the wet surface surrounding the nostrils ) . hipposiderids have an erect transverse leaf within the noseleaf as well as smaller accessory leaflets . the common name of many genera corresponds to the shape of the noseleaf . for example ,
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
lamoreux , j . ( global mammal assessment team ) , racey , p . a . , medellín , r . & hutson , a . m . ( chiroptera red list authority )
justification : listed as vulnerable because the overall number of mature individuals is estimated to be between 300 and 999 mature individuals . currently the proven population of the species is less than 250 mature individuals , but this is almost certainly due to limited sampling . the distribution of this species falls within a large , well - managed protected area and its numbers are considered to be stable .
it is quite a rare and restricted species , with only three roosting sites ( a disused mine adit and two caves ) known ( milne and richards 2008 ) . this species is almost certainly under - recorded as much of the kakadu escarpment in which it lives has not been surveyed ( d . milne pers . comm . ) . although the proven populations of this species are quite small , it is very unlikely that the overall population is > 300 mature individuals ( d . milne pers . comm . ) .
it is potentially threatened by loss of suitable roosting sites in mines . disappearance from litchfield national park may be due to human visitation ( g . richards pers . comm . ) .
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for information to assist regulatory considerations , refer to policy statements and guidelines , the conservation advice , the listing advice and / or the recovery plan .
recovery plan not required , as the approved conservation advice for the species provides sufficient direction to implement priority actions and mitigate against key threats ( 19 / 11 / 2015 ) .
listed as vulnerable ( global status : iucn red list of threatened species : 2017 . 1 list )
the distribution shown is generalised from the departments species of national environmental significance dataset . this is an indicative distribution map of the present distribution of the species based on best available knowledge . some species information is withheld in line with sensitive species polices . see map caveat for more information .
woinarski , j . , a . burbidge & p . harrison ( 2014 ) . the action plan for australian mammals 2012 . csiro publishing , victoria , australia .
anonymous ( 2009 ) . australian faunal directory . australian biological resources study . available from : urltoken .
epbc act email updates can be received via the communities for communities newsletter and the epbc act newsletter .
citation : department of the environment ( 2018 ) . hipposideros inornatus in species profile and threats database , department of the environment , canberra . available from : urltoken . accessed tue , 10 jul 2018 06 : 03 : 50 + 1000 .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 31119c6c - ef15 - 43f0 - a10f - 87f4d22788e5
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 3caa8731 - 43c1 - 43df - a5bf - 2179c668ca79
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 6aee58a2 - 41ae - 4638 - 8735 - 210db9951812
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : c89e9095 - 0dd4 - 4f19 - ac70 - 014426d7c238
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 616550
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compiled by gabriel crowley & mark ziembicki based on woinarski j . c . z . , pavey c . , kerrigan r . , cowie i . & ward s . 2007 . lost from our landscape - threatened species of the northern territory . northern territory department of natural resources , environment and the arts , darwin .
by managing for a high habitat diversity that will ensure an abundance of prey . maximise habitat diversity by establishing a fire regime that ensures patches of both recently burnt and long - unburnt country . control feral animals that either reduce abundance of prey or degrade their habitat . do not disturb known roost sites .
bullen r . d . and mckenzie n . l . ( 2009 ) .
aerodynamic cleanliness in bats
. australian journal of zoology 56 , 281 - 296 .
bullen r . d . and mckenzie n . l . ( 2009 ) . < i > australian journal of zoology < / i > 56 , 281 - 296 .
( roundleaf bats ) , which consists of 76 species . the remaining genera are
also varies in length and texture . they may have small or large ears , and some species’ ears are interconnected along the dorsal surface of the head . the appearance of the noseleaf is highly variable among genera . hipposiderids show a great deal of diversity in roosting behavior and reproductive habits and show slight differences in feeding habits from genus to genus .
hill , j . , j . smith . 1992 . bats : a natural history . austin , tx : university of texas press .
nowak , r . 1994 . walker ' s bats of the world . baltimore : johns hopkins university press .
wilson , d . , d . reeder . 2005 . mammal species of the world . a taxonomic and geographic reference ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press .
simmons , n . , t . conway . 1997 .
tree of life web project
( on - line ) . rhinolophidae . horseshoe bats . . accessed february 26 , 2009 at urltoken .
have two circular lateral leaflets , the smaller of which is superimposed onto the larger , resulting in a noseleaf resembling the petals of a flower . differences in noseleaf characteristics are commonly used to discern between genera . these ' appendages ' are thought to be related to nasal echolocation , and may help to focus and modify echolocation signals .
molars , and a u - or horseshoe - shaped rhinarium . however , hipposiderids can be differentiated from rhinolophids using a number of different characteristics . hipposiderids generally have a more rounded noseleaf , while the noseleaf of rhinolophids is spear - like and pointed . hipposiderids have only two bones in each toe , while rhinolophids have three in all except the first toe , which has two . rhinolophids always have three lower premolars on each side of the mandible and hipposiderids have only two . the two families also differ in the structure of their shoulder and hip girdles . finally , rhinolophids have a sella , a flattened leaflet in the middle of the noseleaf structure , that is not present in hipposiderids .
jones , g . 2001 . bats . pp . 754 - 785 in d macdonald , ed . the encyclopedia of mammals . oxfordshire , uk : andromeda oxford limited .
hipposideridae inhabits tropical and subtropical habitats and roosting preferences vary by genera . hipposiderids have been found roosting in caves , mines , hollow trees , buildings , and man - made underground compartments like cellars and tombs . in africa ,
roost in the inner walls of wells , in caves , and in man - made structures . though
live in forests and generally roost in trees , in taiwan they have been discovered in abandoned japanese bomb shelters , also known as pillboxes .
although little information is available on the diets of most hipposiderid species , they are considered to be primarily insectivorous . those species that have been studied prefer cicadas , cockroaches , termites , and beetles . the beetle larvae prey of
live in wild figs , which results in the addition of small amounts of fruit to their otherwise insectivorous diet .
hipposiderids have excellent echolocation , and catch most of their prey via aerial hawking and gleaning . they usually fly only a few meters above the ground while echolocating for potential prey . although most species are thought to prey on flying insects , some occasionally feed on flightless insects such as
. hipposiderids are generally territorial and hunt and feed within a specific range . for example , members of the genus
, have been observed flying more than a mile through the desert to their feeding territory . often , hipposiderids bring captured prey back to their roost prior to consumption . when chewing , the jaws of hipposiderids move side - to - side and up and down , simultaneously . this shearing motion helps break down the chitinous exoskeleton of insect prey .
graham , g . , f . reid . 1994 . bats of the world . new york : st martin ' s press .
nowak , r . 1991 . walker ' s mammals of the world : fifth edition . baltimore and london : the johns hopkins university press .
walton , d . , b . richardson . 1989 . fauna of australia volume 1b : mammalia . canberra , australia : australian government publishing service .
as insectivores , hipposiderids help control insect pest populations . while little information exists on potential endoparasites of hipposiderids , like most
hipposiderids are preyed upon by a number of small nocturnal mammals with the ability to capture them mid - flight or locate their roosts . in many localities , the major predator of hipposiderids is
, which are sometimes able to locate their roosting sites . during flight , hipposiderids can be captured and eaten by various birds of prey including
have been known to locate hipposiderid roosts . in conjunction with their ability to fly , the nocturnal lifestyle of bats helps reduce predation as does the colonial roosting behavior of many species .
, members of the family hipposideridae have relatively small eyes , indicating that vision may not be as important as echolocation for navigation and foraging purposes . however , vision may be used to detect objects past the range of echolocation . hipposiderids , like all
thomas , j . , c . moss , m . vater . 2004 . echolocation in bats and dolphins . chicago : university of chicago press .
information regarding the lifespan of hipposiderids is limited , as a majority of species in this family are not well - known . however , some species have been found to live more than 10 years .
not enough information is known about hipposiderid mating systems to make accurate generalizations about the family as a whole ; however , research on individual species provides limited but important insight . only one example of a polygynous mating in hipposiderids is known . colonies of
, which can contain up to 500 , 000 individuals , are divided into small harems consisting of one adult male and several adult females , with whom the male mates . mating occurs seasonally , during the fall , and females give birth to a single young during spring after storing sperm over winter .
mate in october and give birth in april . although birthing season varies slightly , coinciding with peak rainy season when food is most abundant ,
give birth in april north of the equator and in october south of the equator .
mate in november and give birth in late april . although the specific times vary among species , birthing among hipposiderids generally occurs during spring . female hipposiderids give birth to a single young per pregnancy . gestation lasts from 90 days in
in south africa . females typically carry their young for a few weeks after giving birth . for example ,
produce a single young , which the female carries for 20 to 22 days . age at weaning , age at first flight , and age at independence appears to vary according to latitude . species subject to greater seasonality appear to mature more quickly than those resident to more tropical regions . in at least one species ,
of nigeria , delayed implantation occurs . the egg does not implant in the uterine lining for up to 2 months after fertilization , and as a result , young are born when prey are more abundant , directly before the rainy season .
females are the primary care givers in hipposiderids . female typically carry their young for a few weeks after birth and prior to weaning . females have
pubic teats
, which their young hold on to during the carrying period . little is known of lactation and weaning in hipposiderids . however , lactation lasts for about 40 days in the genus
are usually weaned at 7 weeks old . tropical species are thought to be weaned by 8 to 20 weeks and time to independence appears to vary according to latitude , as tropical species reach sexual maturity between 16 and 24 months , and temperate species reaching sexual maturity by 6 to 8 months .
slaughter , b . , d . walton . 1970 . about bats : a chiropteran biology symposium . dallas : southern methodist university press .
have been subjected to severe range contraction due to deforestation , which has resulted in a population reduction of 20 % in just the last 5 years .
have had nearly all of their native range destroyed and now only roost in the homes of three different villages in central india . due to deforestation ,
can be found in a single cave on the island of guinea , and are classified as critically endangered . if conservation efforts are to be successful , habitat loss must be slowed and reforestation projects should be encouraged in critical habitat areas .
iucn , 2008 .
iucn 2008 red list
( on - line ) . accessed february 15 , 2009 at urltoken .
as insectivores , hipposiderids help control insect pest populations that might otherwise spread disease or damage crops . the guano of hipposiderids is locally used as a nitrogen rich fertilizer .
, malcolm c . mckenna and susan k . bell proposed a division of hipposideridae ( called rhinonycterinae in their work ) into three
simmons , 2005 , pp . 365–379 ; mckenna and bell , 1997 , pp . 306–307 ; other sources cited for specific genera
ziegler , 2000 , p . 652 ; hand and kirsch , 2003 , table 3 ; cf . mckenna and bell , 1997 , p . 305 ( excluded from rhinonycterinae )
archer , m . , arena , d . a . , bassarova , m . , beck , r . m . d . , black , k . , boles , w . e . , brewer , p . , cooke , b . n . , crosby , k . , gillespie , a . , godthelp , h . , hand , s . j . , kear , b . p . , louys , j . , morrell , a . , muirhead , j . , roberts , k . k . , scanlon , j . d . , travouillon , k . j . and wroe , s . 2006 . current status of species - level representation in faunas from selected fossil localities in the riversleigh world heritage area , northwestern queensland . alcheringa special issue 1 : 1 - 17 . isbn 0 - 9757894 - 5 - 7
benda , p . and vallo , p . 2009 . taxonomic revision of the genus triaenops ( chiroptera : hipposideridae ) with description of a new species from southern arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe . folia zoologica 58 ( monograph 1 ) : 1–45 .
hand , s . j . and kirsch , j . a . w . 2003 . archerops , a new annectent hipposiderid genus ( mammalia : microchiroptera ) from the australian miocene . journal of paleontology 77 ( 6 ) : 1139–1151 .
hutcheon , j . m . and kirsch , j . a . w . 2006 . a moveable face : deconstructing the microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats . acta chiropterologica 8 ( 1 ) : 1–10 .
mckenna , m . c . and bell , s . k . 1997 . classification of mammals : above the species level . new york : columbia university press , 631 pp . isbn 978 - 0 - 231 - 11013 - 6
simmons , n . b . 2005 . order chiroptera . pp . 312–529 in wilson , d . e . and reeder , d . m . ( eds . ) . mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference . 3rd ed . baltimore : the johns hopkins university press , 2 vols . , 2142 pp . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0
ziegler , r . 2000 . the bats ( chiroptera , mammalia ) from the late oligocene fissure fillings herrlingen 8 and herrlingen 9 near ulm ( baden - württemberg ) . senckenbergiana lethaea 80 ( 2 ) : 647–683 .
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stegastes pelicieri , commonly known as the mauritian gregory , is a damselfish of the family pomacentridae .

it is native to the islands of mauritius and réunion in the western indian ocean where it is found at depths between two and twenty metres ( seven to sixty-five feet ) .

it lives on rocky reefs in areas with little coral but plenty of holes and crevices .

stegastes pelicieri

the following term was not found in genome : stegastes pelicieri [ orgn ] .
allen , g . r . and a . r . emery , 1985 . a review of the pomacentrid fishes of the genus stegastes from the indo - pacific , with descriptions of two new species . indo - pac . fish . ( 3 ) : 31 . ( ref . 510 )
the webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
greek , stegastos , - e , - on = covered ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 2 - 20 m ( ref . 9710 ) . tropical ; 15°s - 25°s
western indian ocean : mauritius ( ref . 510 ) and reunion ( ref . 53568 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 14 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 9710 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 14 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 14 - 16 ; anal spines : 2 ; anal soft rays : 14 - 15 . generally brown to charcoal or blackish . dusky gray lips ; narrow golden margin on pupil . blackish scale margins ; scales with bluish centers on suborbital series and opercular bones ; small sheath scales with bluish centers on basal portion of anal fin . pectoral fins translucent with brown rays , base of uppermost ray bright blue . scales on ventral surface of head cycloid , the rest ctenoid .
adults inhabit rocky reefs with little coral and found near crevices and holes ( ref . 9710 ) . they occur singly ( ref . 510 ) . oviparous , distinct pairing during breeding ( ref . 205 ) . eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate ( ref . 205 ) . males guard and aerate the eggs ( ref . 205 ) .
oviparous , distinct pairing during breeding ( ref . 205 ) . eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate ( ref . 205 ) . males guard and aerate the eggs ( ref . 205 ) .
) : 25 . 4 - 26 . 8 , mean 26 . 2 ( based on 28 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01995 ( 0 . 00939 - 0 . 04240 ) , b = 2 . 99 ( 2 . 82 - 3 . 16 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 2 . 0 ±0 . 00 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 25 of 100 ) .
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adults inhabit rocky reefs with little coral and found near crevices and holes ( ref . 9710 ) . they occur singly ( ref . 510 ) . oviparous , distinct pairing during breeding ( ref . 205 ) . eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate ( ref . 205 ) . males guard and aerate the eggs ( ref . 205 ) .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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louise 's underwing ( catocala louiseae ) is a moth of the erebidae family .

the epithet , louiseae , is in honor of " the late louise ( mrs. e.p. ) mellon " who funded the carnegie museum of natural history expedition on which the type specimen was collected .

catocala louiseae

catocala louiseae ( more likely bastropi ) , male , louisiana , courtesy of vernon a . brou .
the specimen to the right , likely from georgia courtesy of james adams , is probably catocala louiseae .
catocala louiseae kah - tock - uh - lah mm lew - ees - ay j . bauer , 1965
unless location is known , dna analysis is probably necessary to distinguish bastropi from louiseae .
from texas , louisiana , arkansas , oklahoma and missouri . specimens originally identified as louiseae from those four states are more likely
catocala staudingeri beutenmüller , 1907 ; ( repl . catocala aspasia staudinger , 1897 )
there is also another unnamed phenotype with a wider range from massachusetts to texas . it seems more coastal in the various collecting locales which include states with either louiseae or bastropi . identifying catocala just got a little more difficult !
eine neue catocala - art aus dem ussurigebiete . catocala kotshubeji ( spec . nov . )
catocala dilecta ( hubner , 1808 ) = noctua dilecta hübner , [ 1808 ] = catocala dilecta dayremi oberthür , 1907 = catocala dilecta powelli oberthür , 1907 = catocala dilecta laetita schawerda , 1931 .
930820 – 8837 . 1 © canadian nat ' l . coll . catocala benjamini
catocala fraxini yunnanensis mell , 1936 ; ; tl : nw . yunnan , likian
catocala tapestrina forresti mell , 1939 ; ; tl : w . yunnan , likiang
catocala timur richteri wiltshire , 1961 ; ; tl : s . iran , transhahar
catocala pataloides mell , 1931 ; ; tl : n . kwangtung , lung tao shan
catocala permanans hulst , 1884 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 7 : 50
= catocala delilah desdemona h . edwards , 1882 ; [ nacl ] , # 8835a
catocala blandula hulst , 1884 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 7 : 35
catocala xarippe butler , 1877 ; cistula ent . 2 : 243 ; tl : japan , hakodate
catocala szechuena hampson , 1913 ; ; tl : w . china , ta - chien - lu
description d ' une nouvelle sous - espèce française de catocala conjuncta esper ( lep . noctuidae )
is a blueberry feeder , not a celtis feeder . the following catocala species are only blueberry feeders :
catocala adultera ménétriés , 1856 ; etud . ent . 5 : 47 ; tl : st . petersburg
catocala deuteronympha kuangtungensis mell , 1931 ; ; tl : china , n . kwangtung , tsha yuen shan
catocala badia grote & robinson , 1866 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 6 : 22
catocala jair strecker , 1897 ; ent . news 8 ( 5 ) : 116 ; tl : florida
notes and additions to barnes ' and mcdunnough ' s illustrations of n . a . species of catocala
catocala zalmunna butler , 1877 ; cistula ent . 2 : 241 ; tl : japan , yokohama , hakodate
catocala jezoensis matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 775 ; tl : japan
catocala nupta obscurata oberthür , 1880 ; étud . d ' ent . 5 : 86 ; tl : askold
catocala texanae french , 1902 ; can . ent . 34 ( 4 ) : 98 ; tl : texas
catocala sinuosa grote , 1879 ; can . ent . 11 ( 1 ) : 15 ; tl : florida
catocala mira grote , 1876 ; can . ent . 8 ( 12 ) : 230 ; tl : usa
beiträge zur fauna sinica . xi . zur biologie und systematik der chinesischen catocala ( lep . heter . )
catocala pacta deserta kozhanchikov , 1925 ; jb . martjanov staatmus . minussinsk , 6 : 81 ; tl : minusinsk
catocala vestalis boisduval , 1829 ; eur . lepid . index meth . : errata et addena , p . 7
catocala ulalume strecker , 1878 ; lep . rhopal . het . ( 14 ) : 132 ; tl : texas
catocala frederici grote , 1872 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 4 : 14 ; tl : texas
catocala herodias strecker , 1876 ; lep . rhopal . het . ( 13 ) : 121 ; tl : texas
catocala orba kuznezov , 1903 ; revue russe ent . 3 : 166 , f . 2 ; tl : texas
catocala manitoba beutenmüller , 1908 ; ent . news 19 ( 2 ) : 54 ; tl : manitoba , cartwright
catocala nupta japonica mell , 1936 ; dt . ent . z . iris 50 : 67 ; tl : japan ?
catocala piatrix dionyza h . edwards , 1884 ; papilio 4 ( 7 / 8 ) : 124 ; tl : arizona
catocala badia coelebs ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 245
catocala elda behrens , 1887 ; can . ent . 19 ( 10 ) : 199 ; tl : oregon , portland
catocala dotata walker , [ 1858 ] ; ( preocc . herrich - schäffer , 1851 ) ; tl : n . hindostan
catocala lupina kastshenkoi sheljuzhko , 1943 ; dt . ent . z . iris 57 : 60 ; tl : transcaucasia , jelisavetpol
catocala dejecta strecker , 1880 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 2 : 97 ; tl : [ north america ]
catocala elizabeth cassino , 1918 ; lepidopterist 2 ( 7 ) : 53 , f . 4 ; tl : california , truckee
catocala abbreviatella grote , 1872 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 4 : 14 ; tl : texas , usa
catocala adultera ; [ ne10 ] : 97 , pl . 6 , f . 4 - 5 , gen . 49 , 147
catocala conjuncta perrettei seyer , 1976 ; bull . soc . ent . mulhouse , 1976 : 24 ; tl : france , donzere
catocala conversa ; [ ne10 ] : 90 , pl . 5 , f . 1 - 3 , gen . 42 , 140
catocala lupina detrita warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 311 , pl . 56 e ; tl : uralsk
catocala detrita ; [ ne10 ] : 108 , pl . 7 , f . 17 - 19 , gen . 61 , 159
catocala deuteronympha tschiliensis bang - haas , 1927 ; ; tl : [ china ] chingan mts . , lin si hein , tschili
catocala dilecta ; [ ne10 ] : 104 , pl . 7 , f . 7 - 8 , gen . 58 , 156
catocala disjuncta ; [ ne10 ] : 88 , pl . 4 , f . 45 - 48 , gen . 40 , 138
catocala diversa ; [ ne10 ] : 93 , pl . 5 , f . 15 - 18 , gen . 45 , 144
catocala electa ; [ ne10 ] : 99 , pl . 6 , f . 8 - 9 , gen . 52 , 150
catocala elocata ; [ ne10 ] : 100 , pl . 6 , f . 10 - 11 , gen . 53 , 151
catocala eutychea ; [ ne10 ] : 87 , pl . 4 , f . 37 - 40 , gen . 38 , 136
catocala fraxini ; [ ne10 ] : 95 , pl . 5 , f . 23 - 26 , gen . 48 , 146
catocala fulminea ; [ ne10 ] : 85 , pl . 4 , f . 31 - 33 , gen . 36 , 134
catocala hymenaea ; [ ne10 ] : 94 , pl . 5 , f . 19 - 22 , gen . 47 , 145
catocala kotschubeyi sheljuzhko , 1927 ; lep . rdsch . 1 ( 1 ) : 1 ; tl : s . ussuri , shutshan
catocala lupina ; [ ne10 ] : 107 , pl . 7 , f . 14 - 16 , gen . 60 , 158
catocala mariana ; [ ne10 ] : 88 , pl . 4 , f . 41 - 44 , gen . 39 , 137
catocala neonympha ; [ ne10 ] : 90 , pl . 5 , f . 4 - 6 , gen . 43 , 141
catocala nupta clara osthelder , 1933 ; mitt . münch . ent . ges . 23 : 93 ; tl : turkey , marasch
catocala nymphaea ; [ ne10 ] : 86 , pl . 4 , f . 34 - 36 , gen . 37 , 137
catocala nymphagoga ; [ ne10 ] : 91 , pl . 5 , f . 7 - 10 , gen . 44 , 142
catocala nymphagoga albimixta warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 312 , pl . 57 f ; tl : tunisia
catocala nymphagoga grisea warren , 1913 ; gross - schmett . erde 3 : 313 , pl . 57 f ; tl : tunisia
catocala oberthueri ; [ ne10 ] : 101 , pl . 6 , f . 12 - 13 , gen . 54 , 152
catocala optata ; [ ne10 ] : 109 , pl . 7 , f . 23 - 25 , gen . 63 , 161
catocala pacta ; [ ne10 ] : 108 , pl . 7 , f . 20 - 22 , gen . 62 , 160
catocala promissa ; [ ne10 ] : 106 , pl . 7 , f . 11 - 13 , gen . 64 , 162
catocala proxeneta sutschana sheljuzhko , 1943 ; dt . ent . z . iris 57 : 60 ; tl : ussuri region , sutshan
catocala sponsa ; [ ne10 ] : 105 , pl . 7 , f . 9 - 10 , gen . 59 , 157
catocala piatrix grote , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 3 : 88 ; tl : new york , usa
catocala serena edwards , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 ( 4 ) : 510 ; tl : philadelphia
catocala beutenmuelleri barnes & mcdunnough , 1910 ; can . ent . 42 ( 7 ) : 251 ; tl : utah , provo
catocala miranda h . edwards , 1881 ; papilio 1 ( 7 ) : 118 ; tl : washington , d . c .
catocala fraxini var . latefasciata warnecke , 1919 ; int . ent . z . 13 : 25 ; tl : amur region , ussuri
catocala mariana rambur , 1858 ; cat . syst . lépid . andalousie : pl . 9 , f . 4 ; tl : spain
catocala nupta likiangensis mell , 1936 ; dt . ent . z . iris 50 : 69 ; tl : nw . yunnan , likiang
catocala disjuncta var . fumigata kuznezov , 1903 ; revue russe ent . 3 : 76 ( repl . disjuncta var . luctuosa staudinger )
catocala retecta grote , 1872 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 4 : 4 ; tl : middle states [ usa ]
catocala luctuosa hulst , 1884 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 7 : 53 ; tl :
middle and western states
catocala chelidonia grote , 1881 ; papilio 1 ( 9 ) : 159 ; tl : prescott , [ yavapai co . ] , arizona
catocala clintoni grote , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 3 : 89 ; tl : eastern states [ usa ]
catocala lineella ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248 , f . 3f
catocala sordida , july 29 , 2006 , peterborough , ontario , courtesy of tim dyson ; id by tim , confirmed by bill oehlke .
catocala caerulea beutenmüller , 1907 ; bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 23 ( 36 ) : 938 ; tl : oregon
catocala stretchii var . margherita beutenmüller , 1918 ; lepidopterist 2 ( 9 - 10 ) : 65 ; tl : california , mendocino co .
catocala praeclara grote & robinson , 1866 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 6 : 25 ; tl : new york , usa
catocala grisatra brower , 1936 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 31 : 96 , f . 1 ; tl : georgia , athens
species status : described as full species by brou ( 2002a ) . previously , it had been treated as a form of catocala ilia .
catocala dilecta laetita schawerda , 1931 ; zs . öst . entver . 16 ( fortsetzung ) : 35 ; tl : corsica , vizzavona , evisa
catocala fraxini legionensis gómez bustillo & vega escandon , 1975 ; shilap rev . lepid . 3 : 224 ; tl : leon , villanueva de carrizo
catocala nupta alticola mell , 1942 ; mitt . dt . ent . ges . 11 : 55 ; tl : batang , atuntse [ china ]
catocala lincolnana brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 34 , f . 3 ; tl : lincoln co . , arkansas
catocala dulciola grote , 1881 ; papilio 1 ( 1 ) : 5 ; tl : vicinity of dayton , [ montgomery co . ] , ohio
the reason why catocala eggs are occasionally deposited on plants upon which the larva cannot survive ; and a new variation ( lepid . , noctuidae )
catocala flebilis ; [ nacl ] , # 8782 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246
catocala vidua ; guenée , 1852 , hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 7 ( noct . 3 ) : 94
catocala minerva cassino , 1917 ; lepidopterist 1 ( 8 ) : 63 , pl . f . ; tl : utah , provo canyon , deer creek
catocala jessica h . edwards , 1877 ; proc . cal . acad . sc . : 1 ; tl : california , kern co . , havilah
catocala messalina ; [ nacl ] , # 8845 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260
catocala clintoni ; [ nacl ] , # 8872 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 245
catocala consors ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8772
catocala epione ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8773
catocala antinympha ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8775
catocala judith ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8781
catocala obscura ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8784
catocala sappho ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8786
catocala agrippina ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8787
catocala dejecta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8790
catocala vidua ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8792
catocala neogama ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8798
catocala aholibah ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8800
catocala ilia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8801
catocala relicta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8803
catocala unijuga ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8805
catocala irene ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8807
catocala luciana ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8808
catocala faustina ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8811
catocala hermia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8812
catocala pura ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8819
catocala hippolyta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8823
catocala babayaga ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8824
catocala jessica ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8825
catocala junctura ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8829
catocala texanae ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8830
catocala concumbens ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8833
catocala delilah ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8835
catocala andromache ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8836
catocala andromache wellsi johnson , 1981 ; j . research lepid . 20 : 245 , f . 1 ; tl : california , amador co . , jackson
catocala illecta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8840
catocala nuptialis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8842
catocala amestris ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8844
catocala gerhardi barnes & benjamin , 1927 ; can . ent . 59 : 8 ; tl : n [ ew ] , j [ ersey ] , lakehurst
catocala violenta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8853
catocala verrilliana var . ophelia h . edwards , 1880 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 2 : 95 ; tl : california , mendocino co .
catocala ultronia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8857
catocala crataegi ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8858
catocala johnsoniana brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 34 , f . 6 ; tl : kernville , kern co . , california
catocala grynea ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8864
catocala titania ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8868
catocala olivia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8870
catocala amica ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8878
catocala jair ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8879
catocala brandtii hacker & kaut , 1999 ; esperiana 7 : 430 - 431 , pl . 23 , f . 9 - 10 ; tl : iran , esfahan
catocala unicuba walker , [ 1858 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 13 : 1210 ; tl : india , n . hindostan
catocala concubia walker , [ 1858 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 13 : 1210 ; tl : india , n . hindostan
catocala nozawae matsumura , 1911 ; thous . ins . japan ( suppl . ) 3 : 88 , pl . 37 , f . 1 ; tl : japan
catocala puerpera ; [ ne10 ] : 103 , pl . 7 , f . 1 - 4 , gen . 56 , 154 ; [ ne12 ] , 234
catocala residua grote , 1874 ; proc . boston soc . nat . hist . 16 : 242 ; tl :
west farms / new york city
?
catocala retecta luctuosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8788a
catocala ilia zoe ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8801a
catocala marmorata edwards , 1864 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 ( 4 ) : 508 ; tl : ? [ error yreka , california ]
catocala irene valeria ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8807a
catocala cara carissima ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8832a
catocala andromache r . benjaminii brower , 1937 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 32 ( 5 ) : 185 ; tl : arizona , mojave co .
catocala californiensis brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 36 , f . 5 ; tl : valyermo , los angeles co . , california
catocala jansseni prout , 1924 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 3 ) : 453 , pl . 22 , f . 2 ; tl : china , ichang
catocala consors sorsconi barnes & benjamin , 1924 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 5 ( 3 ) : 174 ; tl : maine
catocala deducta ; [ ne10 ] : 102 , pl . 6 , f . 14 - 15 , pl . 11 , f . 32 , gen . 32 , 153
catocala elocata var . locata staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 327 ; tl : uzbek , taschkend , margelan
catocala nupta kansuensis o . bang - haas , 1927 ; horae macrolep . palaearct . 1 : 88 ; tl : w . liang - tschou , ricthofen mts , kansu
catocala robinsoni ; [ nacl ] , # 8780 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 4d
catocala erichi brower , 1976 ; j . lep . soc . 30 : 36 , f . 4 ; tl : green valley creek , san bernardino mts . , california
catocala sordida ; [ nacl ] , # 8846 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 252 , f . 5c
catocala andromedae ; [ nacl ] , # 8849 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 256 , f . 6a
catocala verrilliana ; [ nacl ] , # 8852 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 253 , f . 5d
catocala mira ; [ nacl ] , # 8863 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248 , f . 3g
catocala micronympha ; [ nacl ] , # 8876 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260 , f . 6g
catocala connubialis ; [ nacl ] , # 8877 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 258 , f . 6c
catocala remissa staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 328 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : ashabad
catocala thomsoni prout , 1924 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 3 ) : 452 , pl . 22 , f . 1 ; tl : n . china , tientsin
catocala alabamae grote , 1875 ; proc . acad . nat . sci . philad . 27 : 427 ; tl : demopolis [ marengo co . ] , ala [ bama ]
catocala shirozui sugi , 1982 ; tyô to ga , 32 ( 3 , 4 ) : 155 , f . 14 - 15 ; tl : taiwan , lishan , nantou - hsien
catocala nupta ; [ ne10 ] : 98 , pl . 6 , f . 6 - 7 , pl . 11 , f . 29 - 31 , gen . 50 , 148
catocala atocala brou , 1985 ; proc . entomol . soc . wash . 87 ( 4 ) : 889 - 892 ; tl : edgard , st . john the baptist parish , louisiana
catocala optata atlantica le cerf , 1932 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 37 ( 11 ) : 164 ; tl : morocco , moyen atlas , oed beni bou n ' sor
catocala puerpera centralasiae sheljuzhko , 1943 ; dt . ent . z . iris 57 : 56 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : trans - caspia , kyzl - anvat
= ; [ nacl ] , # 8864 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 261 , f . 6h ( = catocala alabamae ? )
catocala ixion druce , 1890 ; biol . centr . - amer . , lep . heterocera 1 : 360 , 3 pl . 31 , f . 2 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , xucumanatlan
catocala aestimabilis staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 330 , pl . 4 , f . 12 ; tl : xinjiang , kaschgar , kysil jart
catocala sultana a . bang - haas , 1910 ; dt . ent . z . iris 24 ( 3 ) : 42 , pl . 4 , f . 2 ; tl : tunis , ain draham
catocala contemnenda staudinger , [ 1892 ] ; dt . ent . z . iris 4 ( 2 ) : 329 , pl . 4 , f . 11 ; tl : [ xinjiang ] kashgar , kysil jart
catocala atocala ; gall , peacock & slotten , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 1 ) : 1 - 4 , f . 1a - b ( larva ) , c ( ova )
catocala callinympha duponchel , [ 1842 ] ; in godart , hist . nat . lépid . fr . ( suppl . ) 3 : 546 , pl . 46 , f . 4 ; tl : provence and dalmatia
gall , lawrence , f . database containing county level data for the north american species of catocala moths . entomology division , peabody museum , yale university , new haven , connecticut 06511 . accessed 1994 , july 1 .
? catocala nagansi sugi , 1982 ; tyô to ga , 32 ( 3 , 4 ) : 150 , f . 5 - 6 , gen . 12 ; tl : taiwan , between tachi and wenshan , taoyuan hsien
catocala lupina herrich - schäffer , [ 1851 ] ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 2 ( 47 ) : 409 , ( 19 ) ( ix ) pl . 46 , f . 234 - 235 ; tl : sarepta
catocala nupta nuptialis staudinger , 1901 ; in staudinger & rebel , cat . lepid . palaearct . faunengeb . , 1 : 248 ( preocc . walker , [ 1858 ) ) ; tl : altai , ala tau , ili , issyk kul
both values are about as small as seems plausible for any catocala and they are chosen on the basis of lack of any real knowledge for this species . the suitable habitat distance is moot at present since nobody has any idea what suitable habitat is .
catocala innubens ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8770 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259
catocala muliercula ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8774 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260
catocala serena ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8779 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240
catocala angusi ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8783 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244
catocala insolabilis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8791 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259
catocala lacrymosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8794 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 259
catocala nebulosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8796 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240
catocala marmorata ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8804 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239
catocala cara ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8832 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 257
catocala whitneyi ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8843 ; metzler , 1987 , j . lep . soc . 41 ( 4 ) : 212 - 213
catocala similis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8873 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 240
adult structural features : in males , the end of the valves is more truncated and process of the sacculus is shorter than in catocala ilia ( see brou , 2002a , for a description and illustrations ) . differences in the female genitalia have not been described .
catocala coccinata ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8851 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 245 , 2e
catocala briseis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8817 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 235 , f 1a
much more detailed information and many images are available in
a new species of catocala ( lepidoptera : noctuidae ) from the south central united states
by hugo l . kons , jr . and robert j . borth . i am pretty sure this is a 2017 publication .
catocala piatrix ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 228 ; [ nacl ] , # 8771 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 3j
catocala badia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8777 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244 , f . 2d
catocala habilis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8778 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 3d
catocala residua ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8785 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 4b
catocala retecta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 224 ; [ nacl ] , # 8788 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 4c
catocala palaeogama ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8795 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 260 , f . 6i
catocala subnata ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8797 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 252 , f . 5b
catocala umbrosa ; brou , 2002 , south . lep . news 24 : ( 48 - 50 ) ; brou , 2002 , south . lep . news 24 : 3 , insert c ; brou , 2002 , south . lep . news 24 : ( 85 - 86 )
catocala cerogama ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8802 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 257 , f . 6d
catocala parta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8806 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 261 , f . 6j
catocala californica ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 225 ; [ nacl ] , # 8814 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239 , f . 1b
catocala semirelicta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8821 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 4f
catocala meskei ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 226 ; [ nacl ] , # 8822 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 248 , f . 3e
catocala frederici ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 229 ; [ nacl ] , # 8837 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 3b
catocala chelidonia ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8838 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244 , f . 2f
catocala abbreviatella ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 230 ; [ nacl ] , # 8841 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 243 , f . 2a
catocala gracilis ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8847 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239 , f . 1c
catocala praeclara ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8865 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 249 , f . 3h
catocala dulciola ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8871 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 246 , f . 2g
catocala minuta ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8874 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 239 , f . 1d
catocala coccinata sinuosa ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 227 ; [ nacl ] , # 8851a ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 251 , f . 4h
the magnitude of this problem can be appreciated when one realizes that there are at least 200 catocala species worldwide . the genus is predominantly north temperate ( holarctic ) , and its metropolis is clearly north america ( nearctic ) . mcdunnough ( 1938 ) lists 104 north american species ( and 136 additional named varieties ) , while some 80 to 90 species are known from europe and asia ( palearctic ) ( seitz , 1914 ) . even in the restricted area covered in the present book ( north america east of the mississippi river ) , there are at least 71 catocala species and nearly 100 more named varieties .
comments : our records are too sparse to determine its status in north carolina . more needs to be learned about its host plant and habitat associations in north carolina before an accurate assessment can be made about its conservation needs . more determinations also need to be made via dissection to clearly eliminate possible confusion with catocala ilia .
since the color - plates will provide the initial guide to identification , some remarks concerning them are appropriate . first , most catocala exhibit considerable variation and no one specimen will be entirely representative of its species . the sex of a specimen is a factor that must be considered , for females are often more boldly and heavily marked than males (
i got a chuckle , however , when tim wrote
a nice warm night here , and the banana beer is flowing , ( and so , of course are the catocala ) . had this little beauty a couple of hours ago , ( and another a lot like it , though the first one flew from bait and hit me in the corner of my mouth ) .
gall , l . f . and d . c . hawks . 2010 . systematics of moths in the genus catocala ( lepidoptera , erebidae ) iv . nomenclatorial stabilization of the nearctic fauna , with a revised synonymic check list . in : schmidt b . c , lafontaine j . d ( eds ) . contributions to the systematics of new world macro - moths ii . zookeys 39 : 37 - 83 .
catocala alabamae ; dyar , [ 1903 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 231 ; [ nacl ] , # 8869 ; brou , 1988 , j . lep . soc . 42 ( 2 ) : 117 , f . 3 - 4 , 7 - 8 ; gall & hawks , 2002 , j . lep . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 244 , f . 2b
the catocala comprise an exceedingly complex assemblage of closely related moths . the simple theme of somber forewings and striking hindwings has yielded a seemingly infinite array of variations . one ' s initial response to this profusion is astonishment . but if one ' s interest is aroused , astonishment turns quickly to despair at the matter of names . species after species , form after form , and subspecies , and aberrations . . . and each one has a name !
here is a tally of caterpillars species i saw while removing the burlap over the past two days on red and white oaks . red oak : dasychira obliquata ( 5 ) , glaea sp ( 2 ) , hypoprepia sp . ( 2 ) , lithophane sp . ( 2 ) , lymantria dispar ( 51 ) , malacosoma americana ( 3 ) , malacosoma disstria ( 10 ) , malacosoma cocoons ( 1 ) , orthosia hibisci ( 1 ) , orthosia rubescens ( 3 ) , phoberia atomaris ( 7 ) , satyrium ? calanus ( 1 ) . white oak : catocala ilia ( 1 ) , catocala sp . ( 1 ) , dasychira obliquata ( 8 ) , glaea sp ( 5 ) , hypoprepia sp . ( 8 ) , lithophane sp . ( 1 ) , lymantria dispar ( 60 ) , malacosoma americana ( 18 ) , malacosoma disstria ( 17 ) , malacosoma cocoons ( 10 ) , orthosia hibisci ( 3 ) , orthosia rubescens ( 13 ) , phigalia titea ( 1 ) , phoberia atomaris ( 18 ) , satyrium ? ontario favonius ( 4 ) .
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and the number of omitted authors .
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a location where the species occurs , or has recently occurred , with potential for persistence or regular recurrence . minimally a suitable habitat with larval foodplant where the species has been documented by a specimen or positively identifiable photograph of an adult and for some species larvae are also identifiable .
occasionally , especially with species feeding on aronia , the habitat may be very clear , for example around the edges of a midwestern bog or a palustrine forest in new jersey . adults of most of these species wander some distance from foodplants in forests , especially swamp species seem to often move into immediately adjacent upland forsts probably to feed . in such cases use the habitat where the foodplant occurs plus 100 meter wooded buffer ( if available ) as the eo .
these species often occur in well defined natural communities such as bogs , riparian forests , barrens or savannas on a generally wooded landscape . in such cases apply the suitable habitat distance across suboptimal wooded or brushy habitat if the larval foodplant is not completely absent over distances of > half the suitable habitat distance , except if the habitat is demonstrably unsuitable in some way for the adults . females of this group do move around and both sexes rest in the woods even if the breeding habitat is open .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
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lafontaine , j . d . and b . c . schmidt . 2010 . annotated check list of the noctuoidea ( insecta , lepidoptera ) of north america north of mexico . zookeys 40 : 1 - 239 .
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is probably limited to north carolina , south carolina ( unconfirmed ) , georgia , florida and alabama .
there is a distinct white
smile
( in spread specimens ) between the reniform and subreniform spots . there is also a narrow but distinct white line immediately following the black postmedial line .
the hindwing is a deep yellow orange and the outer black band is interrupted and then followed by a dot , ending before the inner margin .
females emit an airbourne pheromone and males use their antennae to track the scent plume .
eggs are deposited on tree bark in the fall and hatch the following spring .
listed below are primary food plant ( s ) and alternate food plants . it is hoped that this alphabetical listing followed by the common name of the foodplant will prove useful . the list is not exhaustive , although some species seem very host specific . experimenting with closely related foodplants is worthwhile .
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, louise ' s underwing , ( wingspan : 40mm ) flies in north carolina south to florida and west to arkansas and texas .
the forewing is lighter along the costa and darker along the inner margin . dark medial lines are especially evident through the lighter shades near the costa . the outer black band of the hindwing is broken near the anal angle .
further assessment might be possible based on this ventral image of the same moth .
tim makes good use of a banana / beer mash to attract the moths . he also has amazing patience .
it made me wonder if tim has also been sampling the bait or a portion thereof .
flies as a single generation with moths on the wing from may to september .
eggs are deposited on bush bark in the summer and fall and hatch the following spring .
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denmark , latvia , the soviet union - the european part , finland , sweden , estonia .
regions of the russian federation : gorno - altaisk , the european north - east , the european north - west , the european central european south taiga , trans - baikal , karelia , kola , krasnoyarsk , nizhny - amur , prealtay , of baikal , pribaikalskiy , seaside , mid - amur , average - volzhsky , mid - ural , sredneobskaya , tuva , south west siberian , south ural .
belarus , denmark ( mainland ) , latvia , russia , ukraine , finland , sweden , estonia .
[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
andreusia hampson , 1913 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 12 : 206 ( emend . andrewsia grote )
neu , siberia - far easts , altai , mongolia , ussuri , amurland . see [ maps ]
1400x915 ( ~ 229kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 3 . 8 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo © christian siegel
noctua agamos hübner , [ 1813 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 4 ] : pl . 122 , f . 525 ; tl : europe
900x564 ( ~ 83kb ) hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 11 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
1400x1006 ( ~ 219kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 28 . 6 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo © christian siegel
1400x928 ( ~ 237kb ) female greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1400m , n 39°46 ' 15
, e 20°48 ' 20
) , 8 . 7 . 2005 , mayr toni leg . , photo © christian siegel
1400x996 ( ~ 233kb ) male greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1170m , n 39°45 ' 45
, e 20°49 ' 00
) , 7 . 7 . 2005 , mayr toni leg . , photo © christian siegel
1000x574 ( ~ 81kb ) northern greece , axios delta , june 1995 , photo © dylan lloyd leg .
1100x834 ( ~ 118kb ) hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 14 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
1100x834 ( ~ 121kb ) underside hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 14 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
1200x695 ( ~ 178kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 30 . 7 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo © christian siegel
noctua disjuncta geyer , [ 1828 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 4 ] : pl . 159 , f . 741 - 742 ; tl : europe , fiume [ rijeka ]
ceu , seu , s . siberia - korea , n . china , japan . see [ maps ]
noctua electa vieweg , 1790 ; tabl . verz . brand . schmett . 2 : 33 ; tl : brandenburg region
900x564 ( ~ 86kb ) hungary , heves county , gyöngyös , sár - hegy ( erdészház ) , 12 . vii . 2003 , photo © tamás baranyi , vilmos polonyi leg . ( on bait )
1200x787 ( ~ 190kb ) italy : canero , 12 . 8 . 1986 e . o , mayr leg . , photo © christian siegel
ceu , seu , kazakhstan , n . africa , asia minor - uzbekistan . see [ maps ]
noctua nurus hübner , [ 1822 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 4 ] : pl . 143 , f . 655 - 656 ; tl : europe
1100x834 ( ~ 116kb ) hungary , hajdú - bihar county , debrecen , belterület , poroszlay út 103 , 02 . viii . 2002 , photo © tamás baranyi leg .
1100x646 ( ~ 148kb ) sardinia : soleminis , ca 250m , 9 . 7 . 1984 , siegel leg . , photo © christian siegel
1300x793 ( ~ 185kb ) greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1170m , n 39°45 ' 45
, e 20°49 ' 00
) , mayr toni leg . , photo © christian siegel
1300x893 ( ~ 185kb ) greece : epirus , mitsikeli mt . bei ioannina ( 1170m , n 39°45 ' 45
, e 20°49 ' 00
) , mayr toni leg . , photo © christian siegel
eu - kazakhstan , siberia - far east , japan . see [ maps ]
900x438 ( ~ 117kb ) russia : moscow area , september , 2000 , photo © d . smirnov
1100x833 ( ~ 134kb ) hungary , borsod - abaúj - zemplén county , baskó , belterület , 13 . viii . 1999 , photo © tamás baranyi leg .
1011x721 ( ~ 139kb ) upperside russia , moscow area , 11 . 8 . 2010 ( 36°25 ' e , 56°23 ' n ) , photo © d . smirnov
974x540 ( ~ 108kb ) underside russia , moscow area , 11 . 8 . 2010 ( 36°25 ' e , 56°23 ' n ) , photo © d . smirnov
larva on populus tremula , betula sp . , fraxinus excelsior [ sprk ] , fraxinus , quercus , q . robur , tilia cordata , fagus , alnus , acer , ulmus , salix [ ne10 ] , 96 ( beck , anikin et al . )
seu , ceu , siberia - far east , korea , n . china . see [ maps ]