ernietta plateauensis , the sole species of the genus ernietta , is a bag-shaped erniettomorph genus that lived half-buried in sediment , and probably fed by osmosis .

it had chambered walls .

its fossils has been found in sandstones of the kanies and kliphoek members of the dabis formation , namibia .

this deposits have an age more than 548 myr .

the name has also been misspelled as ernettia in some papers .

many species are now recognized as junior synonyms of ernietta plateauensis , including : ernietta tschanabis phlug , 1972 e. aarensis phlug , 1972 erniaster aportus phlug , 1972 e. patellus phlug , 1972 erniobaris baroides phlug , 1972 e. epistuta phlug , 1972 e. gula phlug , 1972 e. parietalis phlug , 1972 erniobeta forensis phlug , 1972 e. scapulosa phlug , 1972 erniocarpis sermo phlug , 1972 erntocentris centriformis phlug , 1972 erniodiscus clypeus phlug , 1972 e. rutilus phlug , 1972 erniofossa prognatha phlug , 1972 erniograndis paraglossa phlug , 1972 e. sandalix phlug , 1972 ernionorma abyssoides phlug , 1972 e. clausula phlug , 1972 e. peltis phlug , 1972 e. rector phlug , 1972 e. tribunalis phlug , 1972 erniopelta scruputa phlug , 1972 erniotaxls segmontrix phlug , 1972

ernietta

ernietta aarensis : gsn 36 ( f407 - h ) ( pflug no 36 ) .
the view from ernietta hill on farm aar near aus , namibia taken by les kriesfeld and jay kaufman in summer 2014 .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
proceedings of the national academy of sciences , volume 106 , issue 34 , 2009 , pp . 14438 - 14443
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
copyright © 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved
enter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
javascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .
we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites . close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings .
this article has been cited by the following publications . this list is generated based on data provided by crossref .
dunn , frances s . liu , alexander g . and donoghue , philip c . j . 2018 . ediacaran developmental biology . biological reviews , vol . 93 , issue . 2 , p . 914 .
retallack , gregory j . 2017 . reassessment of the devonian problematicum protonympha as another post - ediacaran vendobiont . lethaia ,
pflug , 1966 is the type species of the erniettomorpha , an extinct clade of ediacaran life . it was likely a gregarious , partially infaunal organism . despite its ecological and taxonomic significance , there has not been an in - depth systematic description in the literature since the original description fell out of use . a newly discovered field site on farm aar in southern namibia has yielded dozens of specimens buried in original life position . mudstone and sandstone features associated with the fossils indicate that organisms were buried while still exposed to the water column rather than deposited in a flow event .
was a sac - shaped erniettomorph with a body wall constructed from a double layer of tubes . it possessed an equatorial seam lying perpendicular to the tubes . the body is asymmetrical on either side of this seam . the tubes change direction along the body length and appear to be constricted together in the dorsal part of the organism .
robinson , r . a . , and teichert , c . , eds . ,
lipps , j . h . , and signor , p . w . , eds . ,
zur fauna der nama - schichten in südwest - afrika ; iii . erniettomorpha , bau und systematik
schopf j . w . , and klein , c . , eds . ,
gradstein , f . , ogg , j . , schmitz , m . d . , and ogg , g . , eds . ,
fedonkin , m . a . , gehling , j . g . , grey , k . , narbonne , g . m . , and vickers - rich , p . , eds . ,
email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation ' s collection .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
this site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .
there are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :
you have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .
your browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .
your browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .
the date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .
you have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .
this site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .
this site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .
in general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it .
the ediacaran was a period of wide soft - bodied biota development in marine siliciclastic environment . the reconstruction of palaeoecology , lifestyle and environment settings of these organisms are among the challenges in characterising the earliest metazoan life on earth . the biota colonised sea bottoms and were living as benthic communities occurring in a wide spectrum of environmental settings ( e . g . gehling 2000 ; waggoner 2003 ; narbonne 2005 ; grazhdankin 2004 ; droser et al . 2006 ) . in the classical localities ( e . g . newfoundland , namibia , white sea and australia ) , the fossils occur in rock successions with distinct depositional settings ranging from distributary mouth - bar of braid - delta systems to deep - water slope ( gehling 2000 ; grazhdankin 2004 ; narbonne 2005 ) .
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
the authors are grateful to vw - foundation ( i / 78 706 ) and the göttingen courant center of geobiology ( german excellence initiative ) for financial support of fieldwork in namibia . the owners of hansburg and wegkruip farms are cordially thanked for their help in accessing the outcrops . our thanks extend also to people in konkiep lapa restcamp for the hospitality and help . o . elicki is thanked for his constructive review that improved the final manuscript , all comments and suggestions are gratefully acknowledged .
aigner t ( 1982 ) calcareous tempestites : storm - dominated stratification in upper muschelkalk limestones ( middle triassic , sw germany ) . in : einsele g , seilacher a ( eds ) cyclic and event stratification . springer - verlag , berlin , pp 180–198
brenchly pj ( 1990 ) biofacies . in : briggs deg , crowther pr ( eds ) palaeobiology : a synthesis . blackwell scientific publication , oxford , pp 395–400
bridge js ( 2003 ) rivers and floodplains : forms , processes and sedimentary record . blackwell publishing , oxford , p 491
corsetti fa , hagadorn jw ( 2000 ) . precambrian - cambrian transition : death valley , united states . geology 28 : 299–302
dumas s , arnott rwc ( 2006 ) origin of hummocky and swaley cross - stratification – the controlling influence of unidirectional current strength and aggradation rate . geology 34 : 1073–1076
dzik j ( 1999 ) organic membranous skeleton of the precambrian metazoans from namibia . geology 27 : 519–522
einsele g , seilacher a ( eds ) ( 1982 ) cyclic and event stratification . springer - verlag , berlin
gehling j ( 2000 ) environmental interpretation and a sequence stratigraphic framework for the terminal proterozoic ediacara member within the rawnsley quartzite , south australia . precambrian research 100 : 65–95
germs gjb ( 1972 ) the stratigraphy and paleontology of the lower nama group , south west africa . university of cape town , department of geology , chamber of mines precambrian research unit , bulletin 12
germs gjb ( 1983 ) implications of a sedimentary facies and depositional environmental analysis of the nama group in south west africa . in : miller rm ( ed ) evolution of the damara orogen of south west africa . special publication , geological society of south africa 11 : 89–114
germs gjb ( 1995 ) the neoproterozoic of southwestern africa , with emphasis on platform stratigraphy and paleontology . precambrian research 73 : 137–151
germs gjb , gresse pg ( 1991 ) the foreland basin of the damara and gariep orogens in namaqualand and southern namibia : stratigraphic correlations and basin dynamics . south african journal of geology 94 : 159–169
germs gjb , knoll ah , vidal g ( 1986 ) latest proterozoic microfossils from the nama group , namibia ( south west africa ) . precambrian research 32 : 45–62
grazhdankin d ( 2004 ) patterns of distribution in the ediacaran biotas : facies versus biogeography and evolution . paleobiology 30 : 203–221
grazhdankin d , seilacher a ( 2002 ) underground vendobionta from namibia . palaeontology 45 : 57–78
grazhdankin d , seilacher a ( 2005 ) a re - examination of the nama type vendian organism rangea schneiderhoehni . geological magazine 142 : 571–582
grotzinger jp , bowring sa , saylor bz , kaufman aj ( 1995 ) new biostratigraphic and geochronologic constraints on early animal evolution . science 270 : 598–604
grotzinger jp , watters wa , knoll ah ( 2000 ) calcified metazoans in thrombolite - stromatolite reefs of the terminal proterozoic nama group , namibia . paleobiology 26 : 334–359
hagadorn jw , waggoner bm ( 2000 ) ediacaran fossils from the southwestern great basin , united states . journal of paleontology 74 : 349–359
hagadorn jw , fedo cm , waggoner bm ( 2000 ) early cambrian ediacaran - type fossils from california . journal of paleontology 74 : 731–740
hequette a , hill pr , 1995 response of the seabed to storm - generated combined flows on a sandy arctic shoreface , canadian beaufort sea . journal of sedimentary research a65 : 461–471
hofmann hj , o’brien sj , king af ( 2008 ) ediacaran biota on bonavista peninsula , newfoundland , canada . journal of paleontology 82 : 1–36
horodyski rj , gehling jg , jensen s , runnegar b ( 1994 ) ediacara fauna and earliest cambrian trace fossils in a single parasequence set , southern nevada . geological society of america abstracts with programs 26 : 60
ivantsov ay , grazhdankin d ( 1997 ) a new representative of the petalonamae from the upper vendian of the arkhangelsk region . paleontological journal 31 : 1–16 ( english translation )
jenkins rjf ( 1985 ) the enigmatic ediacaran ( late precambrian ) genus rangea and related forms . paleobiology 11 : 336–355
jenkins rjf ( 1992 ) functional and ecological aspects of ediacaran assemblages . in : lipps jh and signor pw ( eds ) origin and early evolution of the metazoa . plenum press , new york , pp 131–176
jenkins rjf , plummer ps , moriarty kc ( 1981 ) late precambrian pseudofossils from the flinders ranges , south australia . transactions of the royal society of south australia 105 : 67–83
johnson hd , baldwin ct ( 1986 ) shallow siliciclastic seas . in : reading hg ( ed ) sedimentary environments and facies . blackwell , boston , pp 229–282
kidwell sm ( 1991 ) the stratigraphy of shell concentrations . in : allison pa and briggs deg ( eds ) taphonomy : releasing the data locked in the fossil record . plenum press , new york , pp 211–289
kidwell sm , furish ft , aigner t ( 1986 ) conceptual framework for the analysis and classification of fossil concentrations . palaios 1 : 228–238
kreisa rd ( 1981 ) storm - generated sedimentary structures in subtidal marine facies with examples from the middle to upper ordovician of southwestern virginia . journal of sedimentary petrology 51 : 823–848
laflamme m , narbonne gm ( 2008 ) ediacaran fronds . palaeogeography , palaeoclimatology , palaeoecology 258 : 162–179
mapstone nb , mcilroy d ( 2006 ) ediacaran fossil preservation : taphonomy and diagenesis of a discoid biota from the amedeus basin , central australia . precambrian research 149 : 126–148
mccall gjh ( 2006 ) the vendian ( ediacaran ) in the geological record : enigmas in geology’s prelude to the cambrian explosion . earth science reviews 77 : 1–229
miall ad ( 1985 ) architectural - element analysis : a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits . earth science reviews 22 : 261–304
miall ad ( 1996 ) the geology of fluvial deposits : sedimentary facies , basin analysis and petroleum geology . springer - verlag , berlin , p 582
narbonne gm ( 2005 ) the ediacara biota : neoproterozoic origin of animals and their ecosystems . annual review in earth and planetary sciences 33 : 421–442
narbonne gm , saylor bz , grotzinger jp ( 1997 ) the youngest ediacaran fossils from southern africa . journal of paleontology 71 : 953–967
passchier s , kleinhans mg ( 2005 ) observations of sand waves , megaripples , and hummocks in the dutch coastal area and their relation to currents and combined flow conditions . journal of geophysical research 110 : f04s15 , doi : 10 . 1029 / 2004jf000215
pflug hd ( 1966 ) neue fossilreste aus den nama - schichten in südwest - afrika . paläontologische zeitschrift 40 : 14–25
pflüger f ( 1999 ) matground structures and redox facies . palaios 14 : 25–39
porada h , chergut j , bouougri eh ( 2008 ) kinneyia - type wrinkle structures – critical review and model of formation . palaios 23 : 65–77
røe s - l , hermansen m ( 1993 ) processes and products of large , late precambrian sandy rivers in northern norway . in : marzo m , puigdefábreagas c ( eds ) , alluvial sedimentation . special publication , international association of sedimentologists 17 , pp 151–166
sambrook smith gh , ashworth pj , best jl , woodward j , simpson cj ( 2006 ) the sedimentology and alluvial architecture of the sandy braided south saskatchewan river , canada . sedimentology 53 : 413–434
saylor bz ( 2003 ) sequence stratigraphy and carbonate - siliciclastic mixing in a terminal proterozoic foreland basin , urusis formation , nama group , namibia . journal of sedimentary research 73 : 264–279
saylor bz , grotzinger jp , germs jbb ( 1995 ) sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology of the neoproterozoic kuibis and schwarzrand subgroups ( nama group ) , southwestern namibia . precambrian research 73 : 153–171
saylor bz , kaufman aj , grotzinger jp , urban f ( 1998 ) a composite reference section for terminal proterozoic strata of southern namibia . journal of sedimentary research 68 : 1223–1235
seilacher a ( 1992 ) vendobionta and psammocorallia : lost constructions of precambrian evolution . journal of the geological society 149 : 607–613
vis - star nc ( 2007 ) effect of wave - topography interactions on the formation of sand ridges on the shelf . journal of geophysical research 112 : c06012 , doi :
waggoner bm ( 2003 ) the ediacaran biotas in space and time . integrated comparative biology 43 : 104–113
waggoner bm , hagadorn jw ( 1997 ) ediacaran fossils from western north america : stratigraphic and biogeographic implications . geological society of america abstracts with programs 29 : 30
walker rg , plint ag ( 1992 ) wave - and storm - dominated shallow marine systems . in : walker rg , james np ( eds ) facies models : response to sea level change . geological association of canada , st . john’s , pp 219–238
zecchin m ( 2007 ) the architectural variability of small - scale cycles in shelf and ramp clastic systems : the controlling factors . earth - science reviews 84 : 21–25
bearing ediacaran deposits in southern namibia : implications for infaunal vendobiont communities . in : advances in stromatolite geobiology . lecture notes in earth sciences , vol 131 . springer , berlin , heidelberg
this article needs expanding . you can help improve this article by adding additional content .
can ' t find a community you love ? create your own and start something epic .
we ' ve detected that javascript is disabled in your browser . would you like to proceed to legacy twitter ?
' s tweets and complete profile . click the
follow
button to send a follow request .
you can add location information to your tweets , such as your city or precise location , from the web and via third - party applications . you always have the option to delete your tweet location history . learn more
here ' s the url for this tweet . copy it to easily share with friends .
by embedding twitter content in your website or app , you are agreeing to the twitter developer agreement and developer policy .
not on twitter ? sign up , tune into the things you care about , and get updates as they happen .
this timeline is where you’ll spend most of your time , getting instant updates about what matters to you .
hover over the profile pic and click the following button to unfollow any account .
when you see a tweet you love , tap the heart — it lets the person who wrote it know you shared the love .
the fastest way to share someone else’s tweet with your followers is with a retweet . tap the icon to send it instantly .
add your thoughts about any tweet with a reply . find a topic you’re passionate about , and jump right in .
want to add this gigapan to your favorites ? log in or sign up now .
gigapan stitch . efx version 2 . 3 . 0307 ( windows ) panorama size : 177 megapixels ( 28012 x 6352 pixels ) input images : 138 ( 23 columns by 6 rows ) field of view : 81 . 2 degrees wide by 18 . 4 degrees high ( top = 5 . 9 , bottom = - 12 . 5 ) settings : vignette correction off use brisk feature detector original image properties : camera make : olympus imaging corp . camera model : e - p3 image size : 4032x3024 ( 12 . 2 megapixels ) capture time : 2014 - 06 - 06 01 : 12 : 26 - 2014 - 06 - 06 01 : 20 : 17 aperture : f / 8 - f / 11 exposure time : 0 . 002 - 0 . 005 iso : 200 focal length ( 35mm equiv . ) : unknown digital zoom : 2 . 0x white balance : automatic , fixed exposure mode : automatic horizontal overlap : 72 . 3 to 73 . 9 percent vertical overlap : 76 . 1 to 82 . 9 percent computer stats : 2038 . 19 mb ram , 2 cpus total time 52 : 59 ( 23 seconds per picture ) alignment : 16 : 19 , projection : 7 : 09 , blending : 29 : 31 ( preview finished in 29 : 38 )
© 2013 gigapan systems , all rights reserved . gigapan® and the gigapan logo are registered trademarks of carnegie mellon university licensed by gigapan systems . 2200 nw savier st , portland , or | tel . 503 - 477 - 6870


calappoidea is a superfamily of crabs comprising the two families calappidae and matutidae .

the earliest fossils attributable to the calappoidea date from the aptian .

calappoidea

worms ( 2018 ) . calappoidea de haan , 1833 . accessed at : urltoken ; = 106694 on 2018 - 07 - 09
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
this site uses cookies . by continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies .
brill’s mybook program is exclusively available on brillonline books and journals . students and scholars affiliated with an institution that has purchased a brill e - book on the brillonline platform automatically have access to the mybook option for the title ( s ) acquired by the library . brill mybook is a print - on - demand paperback copy which is sold at a favorably uniform low price .
< ? xml version =
1 . 0
encoding =
utf - 8
? > < event > < eventlog > < portalid > brill < / portalid > < sessionid > 0yuo2hznrpm3llxjjnzib2sb . x - brill - live - 03 < / sessionid > < useragent > python / 3 . 5 aiohttp / 3 . 3 . 2 < / useragent > < identityid > guest < / identityid > < identity _ list > guest < / identity _ list > < ipaddress > 104 . 154 . 183 . 114 < / ipaddress > < eventtype > personalisation < / eventtype > < createdon > 1531159838026 < / createdon > < / eventlog > < eventlogproperty > < item _ id > urltoken < / item _ id > < type > favourite < / type > < / eventlogproperty > < / event >
1 : humboldt - universität zu berlin , institut für biologie / vergleichende zoologie , philippstr . 13 , d - 10115 berlin , germany ; technische universität ilmenau , institut für physik , weimarer str . 32 , d - 98684 ilmenau , germany
h . h . hobbs ; joan p . jass and jay v . huner
türkay , m . ( 2001 ) . decapoda , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 284 - 292 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
martin , j . w . , & davis , g . e . ( 2001 ) . an updated classification of the recent crustacea . science series , 39 . natural history museum of los angeles county . los angeles , ca ( usa ) . 124 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
lörenthey , e . & beurlen , k . , 1929 . die fossilen decapoden der länder der ungarischen krone . geologica hungarica , ( palaeontologica ) 3 : 1 - 421 , 12 tables , 16 pls .
calappidae - ? pleistocenes , ? holocene - okitsu , shimizu , suruga bay , shizuola pr . , japan
linnaeus , c . v . , 1758 , systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis ( ed . 10 ) , 1 : 1 - 824 . ( laurentii salvii , holmiae [ = stockholm ] ) .
calappidae - crsytal river fm . ( eocene ) - gainsville north florida usa .
ross , a . & scolaro , r . j . , 1964 . , a new crab from the eocene of florida . quarterly journal of the florida academy of sciences , 27 : 97 - 106 .
calappidae - priabonian ( upper eocene ) - parona , vicenza region , italy .
de angeli , a . & capriondo , fabio , 2009 . , crostacei decapodi del priaboniano di sossano ( monti berici , vicenza - italia settentrionale ) . studi e ricerche - associazione amici del museo - museo civico
g . zanatao
montecchio maggiore ( vicenza ) , 16 ( 2009 ) , pp . 23 - 33 .
calappidae - lutetian ( middle eocene ) - chiampo valley , vicenza , italy .
bittner , a . , 1886 , . neue brachyuren des eozäns von verona . sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen akademie derwissenschaften inwien , ( mathematisch - naturwissenschaftliche klasse ) 94 ( 1 ) : 44 - 55 .
calappidae - castle hayne fm . ( eocene ) - pender county , north carolina , usa .
blow w . c . & . manning , r . c . , 1996 . preliminary descriptions of 25 new decapod crustaceans from the middle eocene of the carolinas , u . s . a . tulane studies in geology and paleontology , 29 ( 1 ) : 1 - 26 , pls . 1 - 5 .
calappidae - lutetian ( middle eocene ) - chiampo valley , vicenza , region , italy .
beschin , c . , busulini , a . , de angeli , a . , tessier , g . , 2002 , aggiornamento ai crostacei di cava “main” di arzignano ( vicenza – italia settentrionale ) ( crustacea , decapoda ) . studi e ricerche . studi e richerche , pp . 7 - 28 ,
calappidae - ? pleistocenes , ? holocene - okitsu , shimizu , suruga bay , shizuola pr . , japan .
de haan , w . , 1833 - 1850 . , crustacea . in : p . f . von siebold ( ed . ) , fauna japonica sive descriptio animalium , quae in itinere per japoniam , jussu et auspiciis superiorum , qui summum in india batava imperium tenent , suscepto , annis 1823 - 1830 collegit , notis , observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit : i - xvii , i - xxxi , ix - xvi , 1 - 243 , pls . a - j , l - q , 1 - 55 , circ . table 2 . ( j . müller et co . , lugduni batavorum [ = leyden ] ) .
rathbun , m . j . , 1926 . , the fossil stalk - eyed crustacea of the pacific slope of north america . united states national museum bulletin , 138 : i - viii , 1 - 155 .
via , l . , 1959 . , decápodos fósiles del eoceno español . boletín del instituto geológico y minero de españa , 70 : 1 - 72 .
artal , p . & onetti , a . , 2017 . tavernolesia , new genus ( crustacea , decapoda , brachyura ) , from the eocene of the iberian peninsula . batalleria , 24 , 6 - 12 .
? - ilerdian ( lower ypresian [ lower eocene ] ) - isabena zone , huesca , aragon .
schweitzer , carrie e . & feldmann , rodney new species of calappid crabs from western north america and reconsideration of the calappidae sensu lato . journal of paleontology : vol . 74 , no . 2 , pp . 230 - 246 .
? aethridae - santee lms . fm . , eocene - south carloina , usa
maury , c . j . , , 1930 , o cretaceo da parahyba do norte . ministerio da agricultura , industria e commercio , serviço geologico e mineralogico do brasil , monographia , 8 : 1 - 305 .
? aethridae - lutetian ( middle eocene ) - chiampo valley , vicenza region , italy .
beschin , c . , busulini , a . , de angeli , a . & tessier , g . , 1994 , i crostacei eoceninci della cava
boschetto
di nogarole vicenttino ( vicenza - italia settentrionale ) . lavori - soc . ven . sc . nat - vol . 19 , pp . 159 - 215 , venezia , 31 gennaio 1994
bittner a . , 1875 , die brachyuren des vicentinischen tertiärgerbirges . denkschr . k . akad . wiss . , wien , 34 : 63 - 106 .
? aethridae - collbàs fm . , bartonian ( upper eocene ) - conca d ' òdena , anoia , catalonia .
de angeli , a . , beschin , c . , 1999 . i crostacei matutinae ( brachyura , calappidae ) delleocene del veneto ( italia settentrionale ) . studi e ricerche , pp 11 - 22 1999
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
javascript is required to use this web site . please turn it on before proceeding .
parent taxon : heterotremata according to c . e . schweitzer et al . 2010
see also fraaye and collins 1987 , tiwari et al . 1997 and todd and collins 2005
database contains : 10 . 643 species ( 763 with photo ) , 1 . 682 genera , 124 families
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
save my name , email , and website in this browser for the next time i comment .
chaloklum diving , 25 / 29 - 30 moo 7 , chaloklum village , koh phangan , suratthani 84280 . thailand .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 85fcc08a - 0539 - 44be - 9692 - cf273716f8a7
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 0654b9d2 - e4b4 - 4e49 - ae73 - 520d8c1d839f
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 547390
explore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .
find out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .
did you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .
the atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .


jameson 's mamba ( dendroaspis jamesoni ) is a species of quick , highly arboreal and highly venomous snake of the family elapidae .

the species is endemic to africa .

jameson ' s mamba

common name ( s ) : traill’s green mamba , east african jameson’s mamba , jameson’s blacktail mamba .
: traill ' s green mamba , east african jameson ' s mamba , jameson ' s blacktail mamba .
common names traill ' s green mamba , western green mamba , jameson ' s green mamba , jameson ' s mamba ( d . j . jamesoni ) , east african jameson ' s mamba ( d . j . kaimosae )
there are four species of mamba : the eastern green mamba , western green mamba , jameson’s mamba and black mamba and are found across africa .
mattias klum - i photographed this jameson ' s mamba killing . . . | facebook
mechanism of action of jameson ' s mamba venom on the superior cervical ganglion of cat .
jameson ' s mamba are mostly occurs in kenya , nigeria , congo , uganda , etc .
yep , the atheris is cool but i really like that jameson ' s mamba . all are nice additions .
mechanism of action of jameson ' s mamba venom on the superior cervical ganglion of cat . - pubmed - ncbi
jameson ' s mamba was first described in 1843 by thomas traill , a scottish physician , zoologist and scholar of medical jurisprudence . in 1936 , arthur loveridge described two subspecies , the nominotypical
d . jamesoni jamesoni
and
d . jamesoni kaimosae
; the latter is commonly referred to as eastern jameson ' s mamba or the black - tailed jameson ' s mamba .
in the event of an actual or probable bite from a jameson ' s mamba , execute the following first aid measures without delay .
: jameson ' s mamba ( dendroaspis jamesoni ) is distributed from the western coast to the central parts of equatorial africa . the subspecies
jameson ' s mamba will chase prey , similar to other mamba species . when prey is caught , jameson ' s mamba will strike until the prey dies . since this species is arboreal , birds make up a large portion of their diet . small mammals such as mice , rats , and bats and small lizards are also preyed upon .
yeah i ' m not a big elapid fan either but those are some choice specimens . i love the scalation of the jameson ' s mamba .
smell is detected by the use of mamba ' s tongue , which picks up vibrations . vibrations can also be picked up from the ground through the mamba ' s body .
jameson’s mamba has short fangs at the the front of the skull , and requires the snake to hold down for a short period of time , though this mamba strike repeatedly to get the same effect .
local symptoms : local tissue damage appears to be relatively infrequent and of minor severity in most cases of jameson ' s mamba envenomation . edema is typically minimal .
…of east and south africa , jameson’s mamba ( d . jamesoni ) of central africa , and the west african green mamba ( d . viridis ) are all more timid than the black mamba and have not been reported to attack humans . like the black mamba , they will flatten their necks into a narrow hood as…
found in primary and secondary rainforests , woodland , forest - savanna and deforested areas at elevations up to high . jameson ' s mamba is an adaptable species , found in areas where there has been extensive deforestation and human development . they are often found around buildings , town parks , farmlands and plantations . jameson ' s mamba is a highly arboreal snake , more so than its close relatives the eastern green mamba and western green mamba , and significantly more so than the black mamba .
the double mamba ( rarely known as the twin mamba ) was a development of the armstrong siddeley mamba with two mambas driving contra - rotating propellers through a combining gearbox .
the three green mamba species are smaller ( 1 . 5–2 metres , maximum 2 . 7 metres ) and are usually found in trees . the east african green mamba ( d . angusticeps ) of east and south africa , jameson’s mamba ( d . jamesoni ) of central africa , and the west african green mamba ( d . viridis ) are all…
carrión , pere martínez 2002 . dendroaspis jamesoni jameson ' s mamba ( traill , 1843 ) . reptilia ( gb ) ( 21 ) : 39 - 42 . - get paper here
the bite of jameson ' s mamba with envenomation can be rapidly fatal ( as early as 30 to 120 minutes ) . please read the attached medical management protocol and respond appropriately .
four species of mamba are currently recognized by the scientific community . they include : the black mamba , the east african green mamba , the west african green mamba , and the jameson ' s mamba . all species of mambas live in africa . the black mamba is widely recognized as the most dangerous of all african snake species to encounter in the wild . the black mamba is capable of reaching lengths of over 9 feet and will travel both on the ground as well as in the trees . all species of mambas are egg - layers
vaz pinto , pedro and william r . branch . 2015 . geographic distribution . dendroaspis jamesoni thrail , 1843 , jameson ' s mamba . african herp news ( 62 ) : 45 - 47
the mac mamba , mamba range is an australian two - seat light aircraft designed and built by the melbourne aircraft corporation .
the
black mamba
reference in its title is an allusion to the black mamba snake . according to the author :
blaylock , r . s . : ( to the editor ) black mamba envenomation . s . afr . med . j . , 68 : 293 , 1985 .
a deadly green mamba , one of the world’s most venomous snakes , has slithered into britain on a cargo ship .
there are four species of mambas : the black mamba ( dendroaspis polylepis ) , eastern green mamba ( dendroaspis angusticeps ) , western green mamba ( dendroaspis viridis ) , and jameson ' s mamba ( dendroaspis jamesoni ) . like chance mentioned , the jameson ' s mamba has two valid subspecies , ( d . j . jamesoni , and d . j . kaimosea ) . the nominate subspecies has a yellow tail with black - edged scales , while d . j . kaimosea , ( also known as the black - tail mamba ) , has a black tail as the name suggests . the two subspecies also have several differences in scalation . hope this helps , bryan
dendroaspis viridis
was first described by the american herpetologist and physician edward hallowell in 1844 . in addition to being called the western green mamba , this species is also commonly known as the west african green mamba or hallowell ' s green mamba .
make sure that at least 10 vials of south african institute for medical research ( s . a . i . m . r ) polyvalent antivenom are present with the patient . this anti - antivenom contains the appropriate fractions necessary to neutralize jameson ' s mamba venom .
mambas have scales on their bodies . the green in the mamba ' s body is used to help hide it from its enemies while resting in the trees . the mamba ' s jaw is adapted for feeding , with the snake ' s skin being elastic and it being able to dislocate . that is why the mamba can swallow prey up to four times the size of its head .
clinical differences between the common ( dendroaspis jamesoni jamesoni ) and the east african ( dendroaspis jamesoni kaimosae ) jameson ' s mambas have not been described or recorded .
jameson’s mamba is a long , slender snake with a tapering tail that can make up to 25 % percent of its total length . they grow from 1 . 5 - 2 . 2 meters ( or 4 . 9 - 7 . 2 feet ) . their backs are a dull green , which pales to a lighter green , yellow , or even cream belly . like all mambas , jameson’s mamba , when threatened , can flatten its neck , much like a cobra .
nephrotoxicity : acute renal failure has been reported in a few cases of black mamba bites in humans as well as in animal models . it has not yet been reported in jameson ' s mamba envenomations . oliguria or anuria with possible changes in urinary composition will herald the development of renal shutdown . dialysis is advised .
l . luiselli and others ,
large elapids and arboreality : the ecology of jameson ' s green mamba ( dendroaspis jamesoni ) in an afrotropical forested region
, contrib zoo , 69 ( 3 ) , 2000 , pp . 147 - 155
mamba is a steel hypercoaster designed by steve okamoto and manufactured by d . h . morgan manufacturing . mamba is located at worlds of fun in kansas city , missouri . mamba opened in 1998 at a cost of 10 million usd .
a black mamba (
dendroaspis polylepis
) , is a venomous snake .
jameson’s mamba will chase its prey , and once it catches it , it will strike repeatedly until the prey is dead , and then consume it . it’s prey of choice is usually birds ( since , y’know , they live in trees ) , but they will eat other animals such as mice , lizards , and bats .
it is not advisable to utilize subcutaneous or intra - dermal testing for sensitivity to equine products in that such testing may be unreliable , and may unneces - sarily delay antivenom therapy which must be used if any signs of jameson ' s mamba envenomation are present .
the mamba is a semi - automatic pistol developed in rhodesia and later produced in south africa , intended for military and police duty . it is named after the mamba .
the black mamba is much more terrestrial than the other three species of mamba , but it readily takes to the trees in search of prey and to bask or seek shelter .
some properties and the complete primary structures of two reduced and s - carboxymethylated polypeptides ( s5c1 and s5c10 ) from dendroaspis jamesoni kaimosae ( jameson ' s mamba ) venom .
joubert f . j . , taljaard n . biochim . biophys . acta 579 : 228 - 233 ( 1979 ) [ pubmed ] [ europe pmc ] [ abstract ]
: jameson ' s mamba venom is dangerous and potentially lethal . the venom is principally neurotoxic because of the action of dendrotoxins and fasciculins . local effects include swelling and severe pain . possible systemic effects are headache , vomiting , abdominal pain , diarrhea , nausea , collapse or convulsions .
crisp , n . g . : ( to the editor ) black mamba envenomation . s . afr . med . j . , 68 : 293 , 1985 .
the genus dendroaspis contains all the species of mambas . there is the eastern green mamba (
western green mambas are more alert , more poisonous then eastern green mamba and very quick .
the mamba’s major predators are birds of prey such as the congo serpent eagle ( pictured ) . other predators are the honey badger , other snakes , and the mongoose .
snake venom toxins . the amino acid sequences of two toxins from dendroaspis jamesoni kaimosae ( jameson ' s mamba ) venom .
strydom a . j . c . biochim . biophys . acta 328 : 491 - 509 ( 1973 ) [ pubmed ] [ europe pmc ] [ abstract ]
sign up for a new account in our community . it ' s easy !
the primary structure of a short neurotoxin homologue ( s4c8 ) from dendroaspis jamesoni kaimosae ( jameson ' s mamba ) venom .
joubert f . j . , taljaard n . int . j . biochem . 12 : 567 - 574 ( 1980 ) [ pubmed ] [ europe pmc ] [ abstract ]
symtoms of envenomation : jameson’s mamba venom is dangerous and potentially lethal . the venom is principally neurotoxic because of the action of dendrotoxins and fasciculins . local effects include swelling and severe pain . possible systemic effects are headache , vomiting , abdominal pain , diarrhoea , nausea , collapse or convulsions . neurotoxic paralysis is common .
antivenom therapy is the mainstay of treatment for jameson ' s mamba envenomation . many of the symptoms are ameliorated or entirely eliminated by the antivenom alone . other symptoms will require additional therapeutic modalities . local symptoms may take several days to weeks to completely resolve ; their progression , however , may be controlled with antivenom therapy .
for a key to species abbreviations . comparisons between means were made using student ' s
in july 2012 , mamba changed its name to wamba in order to keep expanding into new markets with a unified name . in many countries the domain “ mamba ” was already taken by storck , a producer of chewy sweets , so “ mamba ” had to create a new brand for the international market .
: the jameson ' s mamba is a large species and adults reach a total length of 180 to 250 cm . the tail makes up approximately 25 % of the total lengh . these snakes have relatively long and narrow heads . the eyes are medium sized with a round pupil . dorsal scales are narrow , smooth and oblique .
general shape : the jameson’s mamba is a large species and adults reach a total length of 180 to 250 cm . the tail makes up approximately 25 % of the total lengh . these snakes have relatively long and narrow heads . the eyes are medium sized with a round pupil . dorsal scales are narrow , smooth and oblique .
a graduate of the university of santo tomas , secretary mamba is a physician by profession . he is currently the presidential legislative liaison officer , with cabinet rank and a member of the cabinet . he is a son of the late congressman francisco k . mamba and mrs . estela novena mamba . he is married to attorney mabel villarica - mamba , a member of the board of directors of the philippine charity sweepstakes office .
the three species of green mambas are arboreal , whereas the black mamba is largely terrestrial . all four species are active diurnal hunters , preying on birds , lizards , and small mammals . at nightfall some species , especially the terrestrial black mamba , shelter in a lair . a mamba may retain the same lair for years .
the specific name
angusticeps
is derived from the latin word
angustus
, which means
narrow
and
- ceps
is also latin and is derived from the word
cephalicus
which means
head
or
of or relating to the head
, calling attention to the long narrow head of this species . in addition to being called the eastern green mamba , this species is also commonly known as the common green mamba , east african green mamba , white - mouthed mamba , or just simply the green mamba .
is commonly known as the black mamba . you can learn more about this venomous snake as you read more !
inhabits the eastern parts of the range . the species occur in angola , burundi , cameroon , cabinda , central african republic , democratic republic of congo , equatorial guinea , gabon , ghana , kenya , nigeria , rwanda , sudan , togo and uganda . jameson ' s mambas are usually found from sea level to altitudes of 2200 metres above the sea . jameson ' s mambas inhabits rainforests , woodlands and thickets . according to local people these mambas are quite often found near towns , within city parks and farms .
? ? ? to ? ? ? meter above sea level ( a . s . l . )
scottish spca chief inspector john carle said : “the green mamba snake is one of the most deadly snakes in the world .
mamba bites may happen unnoticed , a swift contact is enough . bite victim may feel no pain , bite marks sometimes not even visible . if a mamba touched you with the head you should immediately get medical help ! venom can kill in minutes .
reproduction : jameson’s mambas are oviparous and the clutch consists of 6 - 17 eggs . males are known to combat , pressing each other onto the ground . combats may last for several hours . the actual mating takes place in trees with both male and female tails hanging down .
: jameson ' s mambas are oviparous and the clutch consists of 6 - 17 eggs . males are known to combat , pressing each other onto the ground . combats may last for several hours . the actual mating takes place in trees with both male and female tails hanging down .
classification is organized into tiers , with each descending category becoming more specific to the organism . this is the classification for the black mamba :
= 7 ) and nigeria ( mean = 86 . 7 % , s . d . = 8 . 03 ,
= 7 ) and nigeria ( mean = 79 . 2 % , s . d . = 9 . 71 ,
hematological symptoms may present as a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy , and are treated as are other dics . this , however , is rare with mamba envenomation .
spawls , s . , branch , b . 1995 . the dangerous snakes of africa . blandford , london , 192 pp .
jamesonâ€™s mamba is a swift , tree - dwelling predator that actively pursues small animal prey by day . it has been known to drop from a higher branch onto unsuspecting prey perched below , often falling to the ground with it . it kills its prey with venom before eating it .
goldberg , s . r . 2009 . dendroaspis jamesoni ( traill , 1843 ) reproduction . african herp news ( 50 ) : 27
see today ' s front and back pages , download the newspaper , order back issues and use the historic daily express newspaper archive .
mambas are another group of snakes , they are more deadly , more venemous and swift - moving snakes then any other species . mambas are of four different types they are black mambas , eastern green mambas , western green mambas and the jameson ' s mambas . mambas are thin , terrestrial and light weighted snakes . mambas are mostly in green , brown and black in colour . mambas are mostly available in the continent of africa . mambas have higly toxic poison which can kill any large prey in few seconds , a mamba ' s bite can be very dangerous for human beings as it ' s poison mostly affects the heart and lungs of human beings . mambas mostly like to live in stems of trees and also in other places such as dense forests , rocky lands and in deserts .
endemic to africa , jameson ' s mamba is mostly found in central and west africa , but it can be found in some areas of east africa . here , it lives in rainforests , woodland , forest - savannah , and deforested areas at elevations up to 2 , 200 meters ( 7 , 200 feet ) ! it is arboreal , more so than all the other mambas . however , it is very adaptable , and is often found in parks , buildings , farmlands , and generally anywhere there are people .
the american heritage® stedman ' s medical dictionary copyright © 2002 , 2001 , 1995 by houghton mifflin company . published by houghton mifflin company .
chevy : you seem to have misread parts of c . j . p . ionides book ` ` mambas and man - eaters . ` ` he does mention orange and coral colored snakes , but he is talking about cobras , not mambas when he states this . we have to remember that he was working in africa between 1945 and 1965 , so all the modern sub - specific designations of the mambas were not known to him . he says on page 159 ` ` the three mambas i know , namely the black , the green and jameson ` s are all arboreal . ` ` he makes no distinction between the greens of east or west africa . later in the book he says ` ` the green is a beautiful mamba with an iridescent green back and a distinctly yellowish - green belly . for coloring and grace second only to the jameson ` s which is a wonderful velvety blue with dark green interspersed with black on the anterior portions and a black tail . ` ` this would seem to explain the blue mamba you mentioned . hope this helps johnz
renal symptoms are uncommon in mamba envenomation , but may complicate the situation , and if severe ( i . e . , acute renal failure ) may necessitate peritoneal dialysis .
the venom of jameson’s mamba is highly neurotoxic , the main neurotoxins being dendrotoxins , but also contains cardiotoxins , hemotoxins , and myotoxins . symptoms of envenomation include but are not limited to : respiratory paralysis , drowsiness , restlessness , sudden loss of consciousness , vertigo , limb paralysis , ataxia ( sudden loss of control of body movement ) , shock , hypotension , nausea , vomiting , epistaxis ( bleeding from the nose ) , and a plethora of other things you really don’t want to have ( and would take up too much space here ) .
the largest venomous snake is king cobra and the most venomous is a species of sea krait . they are closely related to the more tree - dwelling green mamba , which is just as deadly . both types of mamas are rear - fanged . rear - fanged snakes cannot fold their fangs back like rattlesnakes and others . the fangs are fixed much like those of a coral snake ; however , the black mamba ' s fangs are located in the rear of the mouth not the front .
saunders , c . r . : report on a black mamba bite of a medical colleague . cent . afr . j . med . , 26 : 121 , 1980 .
= 0 . 022 ) between the mean decline of females ( mean = 81 . 2 % , s . d . = 8 . 071 ,
= 0 . 045 ) between that of males from europe ( mean = 57 . 2 % , s . d . = 18 . 80 ,
with the nearest anti - venom for the green mamba bite in london , and no secure facilities available the decision was to put the animal down due to “health and safety concerns” .
pitman , c . r . s . 1974 . a guide to the snakes of uganda . codicote , wheldon & wesley , l . , 290 pp .
: mamba bites can cause severe , even lethal systemic ( paralytic ) effects . they require urgent assessment & treatment . admit at least overnight . instant antivenin therapy is the most important treatment .
< p > this section provides information on the disease ( s ) and phenotype ( s ) associated with a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / pathology _ and _ biotech _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
( yes , there’s so much i need another slide , that’s how bad it is . ) after being bitten , death can occur 30 and 120 minutes , but may take up to six hours or more , for untreated bites . the mortality rate for untreated bites is unknown , but is said to be very high .
aeberhard , r . 2008 . dendroaspis jamesoni kaimosae - haltung und erste erfahrungen mit der vermehrung von jamesons mamba . reptilia ( münster ) 13 ( 70 ) : 31 - 36 - get paper here
treatment summary mamba bites can cause severe , even lethal systemic ( paralytic ) effects . they require urgent assessment & treatment . admit at least overnight . urgent antivenom therapy is the most important treatment .
treatment : mamba bites can cause severe , even lethal systemic ( paralytic ) effects . they require urgent assessment & treatment . admit at least overnight . instant antivenin therapy is the most important treatment .
= 10 , range : 69 . 5–96 . 0 % ) and males ( mean = 63 . 8 % , s . d . = 19 . 22 ,
lillywhite , harvey b . 2014 . how snakes work : structure , function and behavior of the world ' s snakes . oxford university press , new york , 256 pp
= 0 . 243 ) between the magnitude of the decline of females from europe ( mean = 78 . 9 % , s . d . = 7 . 39 ,
it ' s a dog eat dog world , take a look at these amazing cannibal animals , from a snake swallowing a kangaroo to a seagull eating a fellow bird .
a bright green coloration helps the animal to hide in the foliage of its native africa . an egg layer , the green mamba , has been observed feeding on birds , mammals , and the occasional reptile . once anti - venom was produced , the death rate from mamba bites has gone down but still remains a serious threat to humans as this animal and the growing human population come into contact with each other .
each vial of s . a . i . m . r . polyvalent antivenom is packaged as a pepsin - digested purified liquid form , and is ready for immediate use .
we ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe’s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .
the bite of the black mamba is deadly and will kill a human around 4 hours after receiving the bite . the venom is neurotoxic and cardiotoxic . if not treated the symptoms are but not limited to : the tightening of the chest muscles , blurred vision , mental confusion , and an overall feeling of great discomfort . biting and the threat display will only occur if the snake is not able to escape . an example of this would be a snake caught in someone ' s house with the owner trying to remove it with a broom . before antivenin was available the bite of a black mamba was always fatal .
the black mamba is in the kingdom animalia which contains all eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall , can’t produce their own food , are motile at some point in their life cycle , and have flat mitochondrial cristae .
pauwels , o . s . g . & vande weghe , j . p . 2008 . les reptiles du gabon . smithsonian institution , washington : 272 pp . - get paper here
1 . it is possible for a jameson ' s mamba to deliver more than one bite in a single attack , and thus may inject a larger volume of venom . if there is evidence that such an attack occurred ( i . e . , history or multiple bite sites ) , the initial dose of antivenom should be 8 vials ( 80 mls ) given by direct intravenous infusion . give the antivenom at a rate of 1 vial ( 10 mls ) per 2 minutes . watch closely for signs of allergic response . give all subsequent antivenom doses in one vial incre - ments at a rate of 1 ( 10 mls ) vial per 5 minutes as necessitated by the presence of continued signs and symptoms of envenomation .
< p > this section provides information about the protein and gene name ( s ) and synonym ( s ) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / names _ and _ taxonomy _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
bandage and immobilize the bitten limb with crepe bandages and splint as described in the immediate first aid section . rest this extremity below the level of the patient ' s heart ( if practical ) .
they are aggressive snakes that spring up to strike so when someone gets bitten , it ' s usually on the head . black mambas also go after birds - and they ' re good at it . one mamba even had a parrot inside its stomach . after biting their prey , black mambas leave it to die . the venom is strong enough to kill prey in a matter of minutes so the snakes don ' t have to wait long for their meal .
have the south african institute for medical research ( s . a . i . m . r . ) polyvalent antivenom ready for the emergency crew to take with the victim to the hospital . give them the following :
traill , t . s . 1843 . description of the elaps jamesoni , a new species of serpent from demerara . edinburgh new . phil . j . , 34 ( 67 ) : 53 - 55 - get paper here
keep the victim calm and reassured . allow him or her to lie flat and avoid as much movement as possible . if possible , allow the bitten limb to rest at a level lower than the victim ' s heart .
rain forest facts : one of the most feared snakes in africa , the green mamba , is capable of delivering a powerful neurotoxic venom to both prey items and would - be predators . this highly arboreal animal is thinly built to allow for ease of movement in the trees .
very slowly begin to remove the bandages and splint watching carefully for any changes in the patient ' s status . if any changes occur , assume the patient has been envenomed and prepare to give antivenom immediately ( as directed below ) .
the date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .
: jameson ' s mambas are supposed to be quite nervous in captivity but the pair i have are relatively docile . however , they are very alert and will follow every movement . my mambas are active during they day and i often find them moving about in the branches . at night they hide in the trap boxes or plants . due to their agility and speed mambas can be a handful to handle . i use trap boxes when i need to move my individuals . if necessary i use tongs and / or hooks to maneuver them . captive breeding seems to be very rare . as far as i know only a few successful breedings have been recorded in europe .
carlino , p . & pauwels , o . s . g . 2015 . an updated reptile list of ivindo national park , the herpetofaunal hotspot of gabon . bull . chicago herp . soc . 50 ( 3 ) : 25 - 39 - get paper here
withdraw the contents of 4 vials of south african institute for medical research ( s . a . i . m . r . ) polyvalent antivenom . administer the antivenom i . v . piggyback at a rate of 1 vial ( 10 mls ) per minute .
captivity behaviour and handling : jameson’s mambas are supposed to be quite nervous in captivity but the pair i have are relatively docile . however , they are very alert and will follow every movement . my mambas are active during they day and i often find them moving about in the branches . at night they hide in the trap boxes or plants . due to their agility and speed mambas can be a handful to handle . i use trap boxes when i need to move my individuals . if necessary i use tongs and / or hooks to manoeuvre them . captive breeding seems to be very rare . as far as i know only a few successful breedings have been recorded in europe .
neurological symptoms ( especially respiratory obstruction or failure ) tend to predominate the clinical picture in cases of mamba envenomation , and are usually the most immediate cause of dangerous problems . often , these are improved by the antivenom . if breathing becomes impaired , provide respiratory assistance . secretions may become copious necessitating suctioning or even intubation .
naja nigricollis has an extreme geographic range within africa . the morph we maintain and breed is the black , red bellied with a skin texture of a silky matt finish similar to that of a boelen ' s python . it should be understood that these snakes rarely spit .
after the first four vials ( 40 mls ) of antivenom have been administered , the splint and the bandages may be removed . this should be done very slowly over a period of five minutes to prevent a bolus release of venom . if the patient ' s condition worsens :
enclosure : i recommend that jameson’s mambas are kept in large spacious enclosures which have been equipped with branches and live plants . a few hidingplaces , such as trap boxes are required . i keep my pair in an enclosure 240cm wide , 120cm high and 80cm deep . i use two trap boxes , one in each side of the enclosure ( cold and warm ) . i’ve never seen my mambas drink from the water bowl i keep on the floor in the terrarium . instead they drink water that has collected in their coils after they have been sprayed . the temperature during the day is 32°c on the warm side and 26° c on the cold side and at night around 24°c . i keep the relative humidity at 75 - 85 % .
pauwels , o . s . g . ; kamdem toham , a . & chimsunchart , c . 2002 . recherches sur l’herpétofaune du massif du chaillu , gabon . bull . inst . roy . sci . nat . belgique ( biologie ) 72 : 47 - 57 - get paper here
spawls , s . ; howell , k . ; drewes , r . c . & ashe , j . 2002 . a field guide to the reptiles of east africa . academic press , 543 pp . [ reviews in hr 34 : 396 and afr . j . herp . 51 ; 147 ] - get paper here
< p > this section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain ( s ) present in a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / family _ and _ domains _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
as the name indicates , this is a nocturnal snake , which rests up under logs and in termitaria during the day . it has poor eyesight and hunts mainly by smell . although this snake is poisonous , it ' s venom is not very potent and causes mainly pain and swelling . there are no recorded deaths caused by this snake .
black mambas are snakes eight to ten feet in length . they are not actually black but more of an olive to a gray color . the ' black ' part of the name comes from the color of the inside of the snake ' s mouth , which is a purple black color . their belly color is normally gray or light green .
immediately wrap a large crepe bandage snugly around the bitten limb starting at the site of the bite and working proximally up the limb ( the full length if possible ) . the bandage should be as tight as one might bind a sprained ankle . ( see the attached copy from
first aid for snakebite
, by dr . s . k . sutherland . )
they can grow up to 14 feet ( 4 . 3 meters ) long , another reason why this reptile isn ' t something to mess with . the snake races along with its head held high and about one - third of its body off the ground . that can be up to four feet ( 1 . 2 meters ) off the ground - about chin level for some people . the black mamba is the most respected and feared snake in africa .
the fastest land snake in the world is the aggressive black mamba found in the southern part of tropical africa . you might have heard stories about this snake overtaking people on galloping horses but although these snakes are fast , they aren ' t that fast . they can reach top speeds of 10 - 12 mph ( 16 - 19 km / h ) in short bursts over level ground - good luck trying to outrun one of these snakes if you tick it off !
< p > this indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein . note that the ‘protein existence’ evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence ( s ) displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ existence ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides information on the name ( s ) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / organism - name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
it is important to keep venom neutralization current and continuous . the best method to accomplish this is to keep a close watch on the patient ' s status . if the present condition does not improve , or should it worsen for any reason , additional antivenom should be administered . the antivenom should always be given by intravenous infusion at a rate of one vial per 5 minutes . give all additional antivenom in unit ( one vial ) doses .
the main importance of these findings is that snakes are top predator within the habitats they are found in and as such play a potentially important role in the functioning of many ecosystems ,
said chris reading of the uk ' s centre for ecology and hydrology , who led the research .
for example they play an important role in pest control – small rodents [ like ] rats and mice - in areas such as paddies and sugar cane plantations .
reticulated python is the world ' s largest reptile specie and also the longest snake ever existed . as it ' s a python it is non - venomous and it does not have fangs . these snakes grow upto 22 feet and weighs upto 75 kilograms . these monster snakes are found in the southeastern asia that is singapore , thailand , india , etc . these snakes mostly live in dense forests , swamp places and in the tropical areas these pythons are also good swimmers they can stay underwater for more than an hour . reticulated python mostly feed on rats , small birds , street dogs , chickens , cats and also human beigns . these snakes can even eat a healthy sized deer very easily and they mostly don ' t attack humans but they can eat them very easily . reticulated pythons squeeze their preys until they are dead due to suffocation . pythons can ' t move fast due to their heavy weight . these snakes have life - span upto 20 years .
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section provides one or more accession number ( s ) . these are stable identifiers and should be used to cite uniprotkb entries . upon integration into uniprotkb , each entry is assigned a unique accession number , which is called ‘primary ( citable ) accession number’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / accession _ numbers ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
in the snake world , the king cobra is one of the poisonous snakes . it ' s maximum size is upto 19 feet and weighs upto 5 - 6 kilograms whereas it is also one of the longest deadly snake . king cobras are mostly found in deep forests of south asian continent and in large numbers in india . king cobras are fearless and fast species compared to other snakes in the world . king cobra has multiple different types of shiny colours of scales the most common is olive green colour and the other colours are black , reddish and grey . the lower part of king cobras is mostly light yellowish colour . king cobras have excellent sensing power and they mostly attack their preys in day time . cobras mostly make the small preys as their food such as the rodents ( rats ) , small birds and lizards , some large cobras can even eat a prey double of their size . king cobras venom is very poisonous it ' s venom can kill an average sized human being in less than an hour .
< p > this section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry . it also includes information pertinent to the sequence ( s ) , including < a href =
urltoken
> length < / a > and < a href =
urltoken
> molecular weight < / a > . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequences _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence ( s ) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds ( 100 % , 90 % and 50 % ) based on their membership in uniprot reference clusters ( < a href =
urltoken
> uniref < / a > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / similar _ proteins _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
the snake study , published in the royal society journal biology letters , is the latest in growing number of research papers warning of widespread biodiversity loss in the uk and around the world . the international union for the conservation of nature has said that one third of amphibians and fish , one fifth of mammals and more than one in ten birds is threatened with extinction , and described the rate of loss as one of the great extinctions – the last being the events that wiped out dinosaurs 65m years ago . natural england , the government ' s countryside agency , reported in march that on average more than two species are becoming extinct in england every year .
funding was provided by naoc , aquater snamprogetti , t . s . k . j . , eni , chelonian research foundation , turtle conservation fund and conservation international ( nigeria ) , gran sasso - monti della laga national park , romanatura ( italy , cg79 , cnrs ( france ) , arc and dep ( australia ) . permits were issued by natural england ( uk ) , gran sasso - monti della laga national park ( italy ) and the federal department of forestry ( nigeria ) . field co - workers included f . m . angelici , c . anibaldi , d . capizzi , m . capula , e . a . eniang and o . lourdais , as well as many students and volunteers who cannot be cited .
< p > the checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence . it is useful for tracking sequence updates . < / p > < p > it should be noted that while , in theory , two different sequences could have the same checksum value , the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low . < / p > < p > however uniprotkb may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes ( paralogs ) . < / p > < p > the checksum is computed as the sequence 64 - bit cyclic redundancy check value ( crc64 ) using the generator polynomial : x < sup > 64 < / sup > + x < sup > 4 < / sup > + x < sup > 3 < / sup > + x + 1 . the algorithm is described in the iso 3309 standard . < / p > < p class =
publication
> press w . h . , flannery b . p . , teukolsky s . a . and vetterling w . t . < br / > < strong > cyclic redundancy and other checksums < / strong > < br / > < a href =
urltoken
> numerical recipes in c 2nd ed . , pp896 - 902 , cambridge university press ( 1993 ) < / a > ) < / p >
elaps jamesoni traill 1843 : 53 dendraspis angusticeps duméril 1856 : 558 ( non smith ) dendraphis jamesoni günther 1858 dendraspis welwitschii günther 1865 : 97 dinophis fasciolatus fischer 1885 : 111 dendraspis jamesonii – boettger 1888 dendraspis welwitschii — günther 1895 : 529 dendraspis jamesonii – boulenger 1896 : 436 dendraspis angusticeps — boulenger 1897 : 280 dendraspis neglectus barboza du bocage 1903 : 44 dendroaspis jamesoni — schmidt 1923 : 131 dendroaspis jamesoni jamesoni — loveridge 1936 : 64 dendroaspis jamesonii jamesonii – mertens 1941 : 280 dendroaspis jamesoni jamesoni — broadley 1991 : 527 dendroaspis jamesoni — welch 1994 : 55 dendroaspis jamesoni — chirio & ineich 2006 dendroaspis jamesoni — wallach et al . 2014 : 222 dendroaspis jamesoni — spawls et al . 2018 : 562 dendroaspis jamesoni kaimosae loveridge 1936 dendroaspis jamesoni kaimosae — pitman 1974 dendroaspis jamesoni kaimosae — dobiey & vogel 2007
kaimosae : w kenya , uganda , rwanda , adjacent zaire ; type locality : kaimosi forest , near the friends’ africa mission , kakamega district , nyanza province , kenya colony .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
type : bmnh 1946 . 1 . 20 . 43 ( and possibly additional specimens ) . type : mcz , nairobi museum , usnm , fmnh [ kaimosae ]
venomous ! synonymy ( partly ) after a . schmitz ( pers . comm . ) . has been reported from sao tome but records neen confirmation ( schätti & loumont 1992 ) . not in benin fide ullenbruch et al . 2010 . type species : elaps jamesoni traill 1843 is the type species of the genus dendroaspis schlegel 1848 .
aeberhard , r . 2008 . beobachtungen zum verhalten der grün gefärbten mambas ( dendroaspis viridis , d . angusticeps und d . jamesoni kaimosae ) im terrarium . reptilia ( münster ) 13 ( 70 ) : 26 - 30 - get paper here
beolens , bo ; michael watkins , and michael grayson 2011 . the eponym dictionary of reptiles . johns hopkins university press , baltimore , usa - get paper here
bocage , barboza du 1903 . g . a . boulenger - batraciens nouveaux et reptiles nouveaux . j . sci . math . phys . nat . lisboa : 7 ( 2 ) : 62 - 64
bocage , j . v . du b . 1866 . lista dos reptis das possessões portuguezas d ' africa occidental que existem no museu lisboa . jorn . sci . math . phys . nat . lisboa 1 : 37 - 56
boettger , o . 1888 . materialien zur fauna des unteren congo . ii . reptilien und batrachier . ber . senck . ges . 1887 : 3 - 108 - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1897 . a list of reptiles and batrachians from the congo free state , with the description of two new snakes . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 276 - 281 - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1896 . catalogue of the snakes in the british museum , vol . 3 . london ( taylor & francis ) , xiv + 727 pp . - get paper here
broadley , d . g . 1991 . the herpetofauna of northern mwinilunga distr . , northw . zambia . arnoldia zimbabwe 9 ( 37 ) : 519 - 538
broadley , d . g . ; doria , c . t . & wigge , j . 2003 . snakes of zambia . an atlas and field guide . edition chimaira , frankfurt , 280 pp . [ review in sauria 26 ( 3 ) : 21 ]
burger , m . ; branch , w . r . & channing , a . 2004 . amphibians and reptiles of monts doudou , gabon : species turnover along an elevational gradient . california academy of sciences memoir 28 : 145–186
chifundera , k . 1990 . snakes of zaire and their bites . afr . stud . monogr . ( kyoto ) 10 ( 3 ) : 137 - 157 .
chirio , l . & lebreton , m . 2007 . atlas des reptiles du cameroun . mnhn , ird , paris 688 pp .
chirio , laurent and ivan ineich 2006 . biogeography of the reptiles of the central african republic . african journal of herpetology 55 ( 1 ) : 23 - 59 . - get paper here
dobiey , m . & vogel , g . 2007 . venomous snakes of africa / giftschlangen afrikas . edition chimaira , terralog 15 , 150 pp . - get paper here
doucet , j . 1963 . les serpents de la republique de cote d ' ivoire . acta tropica ( basel ) 20 : 201 - 259 , 297 - 340 .
duméril , a . h . a . 1856 . note sur les reptiles du gabon . revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée , paris , ( 2 ) 8 : 369 - 377 , 417–424 , 460–470 , 553–562 - get paper here
fischer , j . g . 1885 . ichthyologische und herpetologische bemerkungen . v . herpetologische bemerkungen . jahrb . hamburg . wiss . anst . 2 : 82 - 121 - get paper here
günther , a . 1865 . fourth account of new species of snakes in the collection of the british museum . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 15 : 89 - 98 . - get paper here
günther , a . 1895 . notice of reptiles and batrachians collected in the eastern half of tropical africa . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 15 : 523 - 529 . - get paper here
herrmann , hans - werner ; schmitz , andreas ; herrmann , patricia a . & böhme , wolfgang 2007 . amphibians and reptiles of the tchabal mbabo mountains , adamaoua plateau , cameroon . bonner zoologische beiträge 55 ( 1 / 2 ) : 27 - 35 - get paper here
hofer , d . 2002 . the são tomé and principé handbook . d . hofer verlag , bern , 152 pp .
hughes , b . 2013 . snakes of bénin , west africa . bull . soc . herp . france 144 : 101 - 159
jacobsen , n . h . g . 2009 . a contribution to the herpetofauna of the passendro area , central african republic . african herp news ( 47 ) : 2 - 20
loveridge , a . 1936 . african reptiles and amphibians in the field museum of natural history . zool . ser . field mus . nat . hist . , chicago , 22 ( 1 ) : 1 - 122 - get paper here
loveridge , a . 1936 . new tree snakes of the genera thrasops and dendraspis from kenya colony . proc . biol . soc . washington , 49 : 63 - 66 - get paper here
loveridge , arthur 1929 . east african reptiles and amphibians in the united states national museum . bull . us natl . mus . ( 151 ) : 1 - 135 - get paper here
mertens , r . 1941 . zur kenntnis der herpetofauna von fernando - poo . zool . anz . 135 : 275 - 281
nagy , z . t . , d . adriaens , e . pauwels , l . van hoorebeke , j . kielgast , c . kusamba & k . jackson 2013 . 3d reconstruction of fang replacement in the venomous snakes dendroaspis jamesoni ( elapidae ) and bitis arietans ( viperidae ) . salamandra 49 ( 2 ) : 109 - 113 - get paper here
ota , h . & hikida , t . 1987 . on a small collection of lizards and snakes from cameroon , west africa . african study monographs 8 ( 2 ) : 111 - 123 - get paper here
reading , c . j . ; l . m . luiselli , g . c . akani , x . bonnet , g . amori , j . m . ballouard , e . filippi , g . naulleau , d . pearson , l . rugiero 2010 . are snake populations in widespread decline ? biol . lett . 2010 6 777 - 780 ; doi : 10 . 1098 / rsbl . 2010 . 0373 - get paper here
schatti , b . , & loumont , c . 1992 . [ a contribution to the herpetofauna of sao tome ( gulf of guinea ) ( amphibia & reptilia ) ] . zool . abhandl . staatl . mus . für tierkunde , dresden , 47 : 23 - 36
schlegel , h . 1848 . over elaps jamesonii traillust . bijdragen tot de dierkunde 1 : 5
schmitz a . , euskirchen , o . & böhme w . 2000 . zur herpetofauna einer montanen regenwaldregion in sw - kamerun ( mt . kupe und bakossi - gergland ) . iii . einige bemerkenswerte vertreter der familien lacertidae , scincidae , varanidae , elapidae und viperidae . herpetofauna 22 ( 124 ) : 16 - 27 - get paper here
segniagbeto glazcano . h . , trape j . f . , david p . , ohler a . , dubois a . & glitho i . a . 2011 . the snake fauna of togo : systematics , distribution and biogeography , with remarks on selected taxonomic problems . zoosystema 33 ( 3 ) : 325 - 360 . doi : 10 . 5252 / z2011n3a4 - get paper here
spawls , steve ; kim howell , harald hinkel , michele menegon 2018 . field guide to east african reptiles . bloomsbury , 624 pp . - get paper here
trape , j . f . & r . roux - estève 1995 . les serpents du congo : liste commentée et clé de détermination . journal of african zoology 109 ( 1 ) : 31 - 50
trape , jean - françois & cellou baldé 2014 . a checklist of the snake fauna of guinea , with taxonomic changes in the genera philothamnus and dipsadoboa ( colubridae ) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other west african countries . zootaxa 3900 ( 3 ) : 301–338


dichomeris viridescens is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1918 .

it is found in india ( assam ) .

the wingspan is about 12 mm .

the forewings are lilac-grey with a dark purplish median streak from the base to one-fourth and a greyish-blue blotch in the disc at one-third , extending suffusedly almost to the dorsum .

there is a broad rather oblique greyish-blue fasciate patch in the disc beyond the middle , extending nearly to the margins .

the discal space before this and a fascia beyond it are rather dark purplish-fuscous with deep emerald-green reflections .

beyond this is a metallic-blue trapezoidal blotch occupying the apical and terminal areas , preceded on the costa by a triangular blackish spot before which is a white mark .

the hindwings are dull ochreous , the apical fourth suffused with dark fuscous and with a large basal patch of modified light grey fine scales .

dichomeris viridescens

html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
we use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .
unionpedia is a concept map or semantic network organized like an encyclopedia â€“ dictionary . it gives a brief definition of each concept and its relationships .
this is a giant online mental map that serves as a basis for concept diagrams . it ' s free to use and each article or document can be downloaded . it ' s a tool , resource or reference for study , research , education , learning or teaching , that can be used by teachers , educators , pupils or students ; for the academic world : for school , primary , secondary , high school , middle , technical degree , college , university , undergraduate , master ' s or doctoral degrees ; for papers , reports , projects , ideas , documentation , surveys , summaries , or thesis . here is the definition , explanation , description , or the meaning of each significant on which you need information , and a list of their associated concepts as a glossary . available in english , spanish , portuguese , japanese , chinese , french , german , italian , polish , dutch , russian , arabic , hindi , swedish , ukrainian , hungarian , catalan , czech , hebrew , danish , finnish , indonesian , norwegian , romanian , turkish , vietnamese , thai , greek , bulgarian , croatian , slovak , lithuanian , filipino , latvian , estonian and slovenian . more languages soon .
all the information was extracted from wikipedia , and it ' s available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license .
google play , android and the google play logo are trademarks of google inc .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en