exoglossum maxillingua ( cutlips minnow ) is an olive-green medium-sized minnow ( average 6 inches ) of north america with a distinguishing lower jaw .

isolated from all other minnows by its three-lobed lower jaw with the middle lobe sticking out like a tongue .

the range of this species is from the st. lawrence and lake ontario south into virginia .

it is listed as " threatened " in the canadian province of ontario , but may never have been common there as this is the most northerly of its range .

it is found in running streams and seems to prefer clear , stony pools but not rapids .

the distinctive mouth of the cutlips lets it feed on minuscule shellfish which it scrapes from rocks .

although molluscs appear to be its primary food , it also eats insect larvae and diatoms .

an interesting feeding behavior of this species is " eye-picking " when food is scarce or competition is high .

the cutlips will pluck out the eyes of conspecifics or other species as a supplement to its regular diet .

a nest builder , the cutlips male constructs a nest of stone , some of which are up to 18 inches across .

spawning happens late in spring when the male attempts to crowd females over its nest .

the cutlips is not a popular bait species due to its softened coloration but it takes a hook without much difficulty and is favored in some areas as a choice panfish .

exoglossum maxillingua

van duzer , e . m . 1939 . observations on the breeding habits of the cutlips minnow , exoglossum maxillingua . copeia ( 2 ) : 65 - 75 .
cosewic assessment and status report on the cutlip minnow exoglossum maxillingua in canada
( 2014 - 10 - 15 ) ( pdf format , 1 , 330 . 72 kb )
cosewic . 2013 . cosewic assessment and status report on the cutlip minnow exoglossum maxillingua in canada . committee on the status of endangered wildlife in canada . ottawa . x + 35 pp .
crossman , e . j . , and e . holm . 1996 . the status of the cutlips minnow , exoglossum maxillingua , in canada . canadian field - naturalist 110 : 470 - 477 .
crossman , e . j . and e . holm . 1996 . the status of the cutlips minnow , exoglossum maxillingua , in canada . can . field - nat . 110 ( 3 ) : 470 - 477 .
crossman , e . j . and e . holm . 1993 . the status of the cutlips minnow , exoglossum maxillingua , in canada . report to the committee on the status of endangered wildlife in canada , ottawa . 35 pp .
haase , r . and b . l . haase . 1975 . feeding ecology of the cutlips minnow , exoglossum maxillingua , in the delaware river at bushkill , pennsylvania . proceedings of the pennsylvania academy of sciences 49 : 67 - 72 .
the cutlip minnow , exoglossum maxillingua , is a stout - bodied minnow that reaches a maximum length of 160 mm . it has silvery sides with a greenish purple sheen , and is distinguished from all other members of the family cyprinidae in north america by its unique tri - lobed lower jaw .
sutherland , d . a . 1997 . cossaro candidate v , t , e species evaluation form for cutlips minnow ( exoglossum maxillingua ) . unpublished report prepared by natural heritage information centre for committee on the status of species at risk in ontario ( cossaro ) , ontario ministry of natural resources . 4 pp .
exoglossum maxillingua resembles tonguetied minnow , e . laurae , but can be distinguished by the presence of much larger fleshy lobe on each side of lower jaw , well separated from central bony plate and followed by another fleshy lobe on underside of head , and by absence of barbel near corner of mouth ( ref . 86798 ) .
maurakis , e . g . , w . s . woolcott , and m . h . sabaj . 1991 . reproductive behavior of exoglossum species . bulletin of the alabama museum of natural history 10 : 11 - 16 .
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greek , exos = outside + greek , glossa = tongue ( ref . 45335 )
north america : atlantic slope from st . lawrence river drainage in quebec , canada to upper roanoke river in north carolina , usa ( absent in most of new england ; present in connecticut river , vermont based on single record ) ; lake ontario drainage in ontario , canada and new york , usa . also present in upper new river drainage in west virginia and virginia , usa where may be based on introduction .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 16 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 86798 ) ; common length : 10 . 8 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 12193 ) ; max . reported age : 2 years ( ref . 12193 )
inhabits rocky pools and runs of creeks and small to medium rivers . usually found in quiet water near boulders . males construct large circular or rectangular nests by piling pebbles carried in the mouth ( ref . 5723 , 86798 ) . feeds on insects and mollusks ( ref . 54729 ) .
page , l . m . and b . m . burr , 2011 . a field guide to freshwater fishes of north america north of mexico . boston : houghton mifflin harcourt , 663p . ( ref . 86798 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 7500 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00813 ( 0 . 00393 - 0 . 01681 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 95 - 3 . 29 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 0 ±0 . 33 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( tmax = 2 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 27 of 100 ) .
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the cutlip minnow is a small freshwater fish in the cyprinidea family ( minnows ) . it can reach a length of about 160 mm . it can be distinguished from other fish species by its stout body , its silvery sides with a greenish purple sheen and its tri - lobed lower lip .
in canada , the cutlip minnow is found in the st . lawrence river watershed , from ivy lea , ontario to saint - pascal , quebec . in ontario , the species is now found in only three of the seven waterbodies where it was historically present . the species is more widespread in quebec but , since 2002 , the species has been collected in only 79 of 206 waterbodies where it was historically present . it is difficult to determine if this is the result of a decline in the species , a lack of sampling in more recent times , or a combination thereof .
the cutlip minnow is found primarily in clear rivers and streams with slow currents and channel substrate composed of cobbles , gravel , sand , mud and aquatic vegetation . it is a bottom feeder , consuming a variety of aquatic invertebrates .
during a survey , this fish was captured and then released unharmed back into the water . photo credit : nate tessler
little is known about threats that are specific to the cutlip minnow . the species may be intolerant of persistent turbidity and excessive siltation , both potential consequences of certain agricultural and urban activities . the round goby and the tench , two invasive species known to negatively impact native fishes , may also have adverse effects on the cutlip minnow .
the cutlip minnow was assessed by the committee on the status of endangered wildlife in canada ( cosewic ) as a species of special concern . public consultations regarding the addition of this population to the list of wildlife species at risk were held from november 17 , 2014 to february 27 , 2015 . the governor - in - council ' s listing recommendation will published in the canada gazette part i ( government of canada newspaper where laws and regulations are published ) and on the species at risk public registry .
the cutlip minnow possesses several characteristics that make it unique . for example , it is the only north american minnow to have a tri - lobed lower lip , and one of the few minnows that demonstrate post - hatching care of fry . it is also known to attack and consume the eyes of other species of fish , which is the source of its common name ,
eye picker .
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research curator of fishes , north carolina state museum of natural sciences , research laboratory , 4301 reedy creek rd . , raleigh , nc , 27607 , usa
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robins , richard c . , reeve m . bailey , carl e . bond , james r . brooker , ernest a . lachner , et al .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
barbour , m . t . , j . gerritsen , b . d . snyder , and j . b . stribling . 1999 . tolerance and trophic guilds of selected fish species . appendix c in rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers : periphyton , benthic macroinvertebrates and fish , second edition . epa 841 - b - 99 - 002 . u . s . environmental protection agency ; office of water . washington , dc .
bernatchez , l . and m . giroux . 2000 . les poissons d’eau douce du québec et leur répartition dans l’est du canada . broquet inc . saint - constant , qc . 350 pp .
carlander , k . d . 1969 . handbook of freshwater fishery biology . volume one . life history data on freshwater fishes of the united states and canada , exclusive of the perciformes . iowa state university press . ames , ia . vi + 752 pp .
coad , b . w . with h . waszczuk and i . labignan . 1995 . encyclopedia of canadian fishes . museum of nature and canadian sportfishing productions . ottawa and waterdown , on . viii + 928 pp .
coker , g . a . , c . b . portt , and c . k . minns . 2001 . morphological and ecological characteristics of canadian freshwater fishes . can . ms rpt . fish . aquat . sci . 2554 : iv + 89p .
cooper , e . l . 1983 . fishes of pennsylvania and the northeastern united states . pennsylvania state university press . university park and london . vii + 243 pp .
cosewic . 2017 . canadian wildlife species at risk . october 2017 . committee on the status of endangered wildlife in canada . gatineau , qc . iv + 119 pp .
cudmore , b . and n . e . mandrak . 2011 . the baitfish primer : a guide to identifying and protecting ontario’s baitfishes . fisheries and oceans canada , bait association of ontario , ontario ministry of natural resources and ontario federation of anglers and hunters . 40 pp .
desroches , j - f . and i . picard . 2013 . poissons d’eau douce du québec et des maritimes . éditions michel quintin . waterloo , qc . 471 pp .
ditz , k and m . croft - white . 2013 . ontario ministry of natural resources fish species codes & common names . ichthyology and herpetology , royal ontario museum . may 1994 . reformatted and revised by m . croft - white , 2013 .
goldstein , r . m . and t . p . simon . 1999 . toward a united definition of guild structure for feeding ecology of north american freshwater fishes . pages 123 - 202 in t . p . simon [ ed ] . assessing the sustainability and biological integrity of water resources using fish communities . crc press . boca raton , fl . xx + 671 pp .
halliwell , d . b . , r . w . langdon , r . a . daniels , j . p . kurtenbach , and r . a . jacobson . 1999 . classification of freshwater fishes of the northeastern united states for use in the development of indices of biological integrity . pages 301 - 337 in t . p . simon [ ed ] . assessing the sustainability and biological integrity of water resources using fish communities . crc press . boca raton , fl . xx + 671 pp .
holm , e . , n . mandrak , and m . burridge . 2009 . the rom field guide to freshwater fishes of ontario . royal ontario museum science publication . toronto , on . 462 pp .
hubbs , c . l . and k . f . lagler . 1964 . fishes of the great lakes region . university of michigan press . ann arbor , mi . xv + 213 pp .
hubbs , c . l . , k . f . lagler , and g . r . smith . 2004 . fishes of the great lakes region , revised edition . university of michigan press . ann arbor , mi . xvii + 276 pp .
integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . 2014 . on - line database . ( urltoken ) , accessed 07 june 2014 .
jenkins , r . e . and n . m . burkhead . 1993 . freshwater fishes of virginia . american fisheries society . bethesda , md . xxiii + 1079 pp .
lane , p . a . , c . b . portt , and c . k . minns . 1996 . nursery habitat characteristics of great lakes fishes . can . ms rpt . fish . aquat . sci . 2338 : v + 42p .
lane , p . a . , c . b . portt , and c . k . minns . 1996 . adult habitat characteristics of great lakes fishes . can . ms rpt . fish . aquat . sci . 2358 : v + 43p .
lane , p . a . , c . b . portt , and c . k . minns . 1996 . spawning habitat characteristics of great lakes fishes . can . ms rpt . fish . aquat . sci . 2368 : v + 48p .
lee , d . s . , c . r . gilbert , c . h . hocutt , r . e . jenkins , d . e . mcallister , and j . r . stauffer , jr . 1980 . atlas of north american freshwater fishes . north carolina state museum of natural history publication 1980 - 12 . raleigh , nc . x + 867 pp .
mandrak , n . e . and e . j . crossman . 1992 . a checklist of ontario freshwater fishes annotated with distribution maps . royal ontario museum life sciences miscellaneous publication . toronto , on . v + 176 pp .
natureserve . 2016 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve . arlington , virginia . ( urltoken ) , accessed 11 june 2016 .
ontario ministry of natural resources and forestry ( omnrf ) . 2015 . species at risk in ontario ( saro ) list . ( urltoken ) , updated october 1 , 2015 .
page , l . m . and b . m . burr . 2011 . peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of north america north of mexico , second edition . houghton mifflin harcourt . boston , ma . xix + 663 pp .
page , l . m . , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , r . n . lea , n . e . mandrak , r . l . mayden , and j . s . nelson . 2013 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico . 7th edition . american fisheries society , spec . publ . 34 . bethesda , md . 243 pp .
portt , c . b . , g . coker , and c . k . minns . 1999 . riverine habitat characteristics of fishes of the great lakes watershed . can . ms rpt . fish . aquat . sci . 2481 : vi + 62p .
scott , w . b . 1967 . freshwater fishes of eastern canada , second edition . university of toronto press . toronto , on . xii + 137 pp .
scott , w . b . and e . j . crossman . 1973 . freshwater fishes of canada . bull . fish . res . board can . 184 . [ 1998 reprint ] galt house publications ltd . oakville , on . xx + 966 pp .
scharpf , c . 2005 . annotated checklist of north american freshwater fishes , including subspecies and undescribed forms . part i : petromyzontidae through cyprinidae . american currents 31 ( 4 ) : 1 - 44 .
smith , c . l . 1985 . the inland fishes of new york state . new york state department of environmental conservation . albany , ny . xi + 522 pp .
stauffer , jr . , j . r . , j . m . boltz and l . r . white . 1995 . the fishes of west virginia . reprinted from the proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 146 : 1 - 389 . pennsylvania state university . 389 pp .
stauffer , jr . , j . r . , r . w . criswell and d . p . fischer . 2016 . the fishes of pennsylvania . cichlid press . el paso , tx . 556 pp .
werner , r . g . 2004 . freshwater fishes of the northeastern united states : a field guide . syracuse university press . syracuse , ny . xiv + 335 pp .
winterton , g . [ ed ] . 2005 . the comprehensive bait guide for eastern canada , the great lakes region and northeastern united states : identifying , harvesting and culture of baitfishes , crayfishes , frogs and leeches . university of toronto press . toronto , on . iv + 437 pp .
wismer , d . a . and a . e . christie . 1987 . temperature relationships of great lakes fishes : a data compilation . great lakes fish . comm . spec . pub . 87 - 3 . 195 pp .
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robins , c . r . , r . m . bailey , c . e . bond , j . r . brooker , e . a . lachner , r . n . lea , and w . b . scott . 1991 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states and canada . american fisheries society , special publication 20 . 183 pp .
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this small - bodied freshwater fish occurs across a relatively small area in eastern ontario and québec where it has been lost from two watersheds over the last 10 years . much of the current range of this species is subject to threats from widespread habitat degradation and multiple invasive species . designated not at risk in april 1994 . status re - examined and designated special concern in november 2013 .
range includes north american atlantic slope from the st . lawrence river , quebec , to the upper roanoke river , north carolina ( but absent from most of new england ) ; lake ontario drainage , ontario and new york ; and upper new river drainage , west virginia and virginia , where apparently introduced ( page and burr 2011 ) .
total adult population size is unknown but apparently quite large . this species is common ( page and burr 2011 ) .
range - wide , no major threats are known . in canada , threats include habitat degradation , competition with increasing populations of common shiners ( related to habitat changes ) , and use as a bait fish ( crossman and holm 1996 ) .
trend over the past 10 years or three generations is uncertain but likely relatively stable . apparently declining in ontario , canada ( a very small portion of the global range ) ( crossman and holm 1996 ) .
( 200 , 000 - 2 , 500 , 000 square km ( about 80 , 000 - 1 , 000 , 000 square miles ) ) range includes north american atlantic slope from the st . lawrence river , quebec , to the upper roanoke river , north carolina ( but absent from most of new england ) ; lake ontario drainage , ontario and new york ; and upper new river drainage , west virginia and virginia , where apparently introduced ( page and burr 2011 ) .
upper genesee ( 04130002 ) , lower genesee ( 04130003 ) , irondequoit - ninemile ( 04140101 ) , salmon - sandy ( 04140102 ) , seneca ( 04140201 ) , oneida ( 04140202 ) , black ( 04150101 ) , upper st . lawrence ( 04150301 ) , oswegatchie ( 04150302 ) , grass ( 04150304 ) , raquette ( 04150305 ) , st . regis ( 04150306 ) , english - salmon ( 04150307 )
habitat includes clear creeks and small to medium rivers with gravel , rubble , and boulder bottom relatively free of rooted plants ; usually under or near boulders in quiet pools and runs ( lee et al . 1980 , page and burr 2011 ) . spawning occurs over upstream slopes of pebble mounds made by males under or near cover in areas with current . eggs become lodged and buried in nest mounds . young emerge from nests about a week after hatching .
eats mostly aquatic insect larvae , snails , fingernail clams ; also vegetation and debris ( cooper 1983 , scott and crossman 1973 , lee et al . 1980 ) . plucks out the eyes of other fishes ( page and burr 1991 ) .
occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence , or current and likely recurring presence , at a given location . such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals ( including eggs and larvae ) in appropriate habitat .
data on dispersal and other movements generally are not available . in some species , individuals may migrate variable distances between spawning areas and nonspawning habitats . separation distances ( in aquatic kilometers ) for cyprinids are arbitrary but reflect the presumption that movements and appropriate separation distances generally should increase with fish size . hence small , medium , and large cyprinids , respectively , have increasingly large separation distances . separation distance reflects the likely low probability that two occupied locations separated by less than many kilometers of aquatic habitat would represent truly independent populations over the long term . because of the difficulty in defining suitable versus unsuitable habitat , especially with respect to dispersal , and to simplify the delineation of occurrences , a single separation distance is used regardless of habitat quality . occupied locations that are separated by a gap of 15 km or more of any aquatic habitat that is not known to be occupied represent different occurrences . however , it is important to evaluate seasonal changes in habitat to ensure that an occupied habitat occurrence for a particular population does not artificially separate spawning areas and nonspawning areas as different occurrences simply because there have been no collections / observations in an intervening area that may exceed the separation distance .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
aquin , p . 1999 . évaluation de la situation des groupes taxonomiques des poissons du québec . ministère de l ' environnement et de la faune . 9 pages .
legendre , v . et j . f . bergeron . 1977 . liste des poissons d ' eau douce du québec . mlcp , service aménage . expl . faune . rap . dact . 6
nelson , j . s . , e . j . crossman , h . espinosa - perez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , r . n . lea , and j . d . williams . 2004 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico . american fisheries society , special publication 29 , bethesda , maryland . 386 pp .
page , l . m . , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , r . n . lea , n . e . mandrak , r . l . mayden , and j . s . nelson . 2013 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico . seventh edition . american fisheries society , special publication 34 , bethesda , maryland .
page , l . m . , and b . m . burr . 1991 . a field guide to freshwater fishes : north america north of mexico . houghton mifflin company , boston , massachusetts . 432 pp .
page , l . m . , and b . m . burr . 2011 . peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of north america north of mexico . second edition . houghton mifflin harcourt , boston . xix + 663 pp .
scott , w . b . , and e . j . crossman . 1973 . freshwater fishes of canada . fisheries research board of canada , bulletin 184 . 966 pp .
cooper , e . l . 1983 . fishes of pennsylvania and the northeastern united states . pennsylvania state university press , university park . 243 pp .
jenkins , r . e . , and n . m . burkhead . 1994 . freshwater fishes of virginia . american fisheries society , bethesda , maryland . xxiii + 1079 pp .
lee , d . s . , c . r . gilbert , c . h . hocutt , r . e . jenkins , d . e . mcallister , and j . r . stauffer , jr . 1980 . atlas of north american freshwater fishes . north carolina state museum of natural history , raleigh , north carolina . i - x + 854 pp .
menhinick , e . f . 1991 . the freshwater fishes of north carolina . north carolina wildlife resources commission . 227 pp .
smith , c . l . 1983 . fishes of new york ( maps and printout of a draft section on scarce fishes of new york ) . unpublished draft .
smith , c . l . 1985 . the inland fishes of new york state . new york state department of environmental conservation . albany , new york , xi + 522 pp .
stauffer , j . r . , jr . , j . m . boltz , and l . r . white . 1995 . the fishes of west virginia . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 146 : 1 - 389 .
whitworth , w . r . , p . l . berrien , and w . t . keller . 1976 . freshwater fishes of connecticut . bulletin of the connecticut geological and natural history survey 101 . vi + 134 pp .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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inhabits rocky pools and runs of creeks and small to medium rivers . usually found in quiet water near boulders . breeding males build large circular or rectangular nests by piling pebbles carried in the mouth ( ref . 5723 ) . feeds on insects and molluscs ( ref . 54729 ) .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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eupithecia multistrigata is a moth in the family geometridae .

it is widespread in the western united states , including alberta , arizona , california , colorado , idaho , montana , nevada , new mexico , oregon , saskatchewan , utah , washington and wyoming .

the wingspan is about 20 mm .

eupithecia multistrigata

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ferris , c . d . , 2018 . geometridae : larentiinae : eupitheciini ( part ) . lepidoptera of north america , part 14 . contributions of the c . p . gillette museum of arthropod diversity colorado state university ( over 116 color plates of adult moths w / genitalia - accessed 3 / 9 / 2018 )
powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 33 . 26m ; p . 230 . book review and ordering
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scoble , m . j . ( ed . ) , m . s . parsons , m . r . honey , l . m . pitkin , and b . r . pitkin . 1999 . geometrid moths of the world : a catalogue . volumes 1 and 2 : 1016 pp . + index 129 pp . csiro publishing , collingwood , victoria , australia .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
contributed by robert a . martin on 8 november , 2012 - 1 : 45pm last updated 9 november , 2012 - 10 : 13pm
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kris kin ( 5 march 2000 – august 2012 ) was a retired thoroughbred race horse , and active sire .

he was bred in the united states but was trained in england during his racing career .

in a career that lasted just over a year , from october 2002 to october 2003 , he ran seven times and won three races , most notably the epsom derby in 2003 .

kris kin stood as a stallion in italy , before being exported to stand in libya , where he died in 2012 .

kris kin

third - placed alamshar . the latter trounced his king george rivals , including kris kin , who ran the race of his life to be third .
the most recent case , heard at central london county court on dec 8 , involved david elsworth , one of the most gifted and best known trainers in britain , and charlie gordon - watson , a highly successful bloodstock agent , whose recent purchases included kris kin , winner of last year ' s derby .
kris kin won last year ' s derby only because the race comes too early in the season for it to be a true championship test . the dee stakes winner , trained by sir michael stoute , scored well enough at epsom , but he never won again and the best horse in the field turned out to be
a son of deceased kris s . and bred by flaxman holdings , kris kin won the epsom derby in his first start after winning the philip leverhulme dee stakes ( eng - iii ) in his season opener for owner saeed suhail . following the derby , he ran third in both the king george vi and queen elizabeth diamond stakes ( eng - i ) and prix neil casino barriere d ' enghien les bains ( fr - ii ) . overall , he won three of seven races and earned $ 1 , 641 , 792 .
kris kin , this year ' s epsom derby ( eng - i ) winner , was retired from racing several days after his unplaced effort in the oct . 5 prix de l ' arc de triomphe lucien barriere ( fr - i ) . he will stand at sheikh hamdan ' s derrinstown stud in ireland for 8 , 000 euros ( approximately $ 9 , 400 ) .
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britain ' s £250 million bloodstock industry finds itself in the dock today after another court case exposed how everyday customs and practices carried out by some trainers and horse traders are flagrantly illegal .
an investigation by the daily telegraph has confirmed the kind of transactions described by a judge as amounting to
fraud
,
bribery
and
secret profits
are widespread within the bloodstock world but are not regarded as anything untoward by many people in the industry .
it is a world where ' sweeteners ' and ' kick - backs ' , often worth tens of thousands of pounds , are commonplace and wealthy owners , unknowingly ripped off by unscrupulous trainers or agents , are the unwitting victims .
the level and type of corruption are confirmed elsewhere on these pages by justin wadham , a newmarket - based lawyer and former bloodstock agent , and a trainer who has close dealings with horse sales .
the latest example of how bloodstock dealings can be so at odds with the law of the land came four years after another court case exposed the shady side of horse sales .
in november 1999 , a high court judge awarded an owner £51 , 000 in damages after concluding that oliver sherwood , a trainer , and paul webber , a former bloodstock agent turned trainer , had been guilty of
collusive bidding
at doncaster sales .
the case centred on the proposed sale in october 2001 of foodbroker fancy , a talented three - year - old filly trained by elsworth , via gordon - watson to richard duggan , an american - based bloodstock agent . gordon - watson said the sale price was £275 , 000 . duggan said he was paying £300 , 000 .
days after the sale was agreed verbally , the filly was injured . she was subsequently sold in february 2003 for £275 , 000 to a french stud and the court case was aimed at determining who should pay veterinary and assorted costs of around £20 , 000 accumulated between the collapse of the original sale and her departure to france .
however , the case took on a very different complexion after judge michael dean qc read legal papers concerning the original sale and was clearly appalled by what he discovered .
in a written witness statement in support of foodbrokers ltd , the claimants , elsworth said :
at goff ' s [ sale in ireland ] , charles gordon - watson made a firm offer to buy the horse for the sum of £275 , 000 . he also said that i would be paid the sum of £10 , 000 commission by him . this was to be in addition to the normal vendor ' s commission of five per cent of the purchase price paid which i would receive from the owners in any event .
jamie mccalmont , an associate of gordon - watson , said in a separate witness statement in support of his boss that the £10 , 000 for elsworth was
an incentive to get the deal done
.
although neither witness was cross - examined , the official transcript of court proceedings shows how the judge seized on their evidence during a series of exchanges with william mccormick , the barrister representing foodbrokers .
judge dean : well , this adds a little complication . that means that two agents . . . your agent was defrauding you .
judge dean : i do not care whether you are making it or not , it seems to me that he was taking a secret profit if you did not know about it .
mccormick : your honour , he was taking that money without our knowledge . yes , that is right .
soon afterwards , judge dean said : so you are relying on a witness [ elsworth ] who you can see was defrauding you .
judge dean : well , i am using it because that is what it amounts to .
the judge went on :
all right , i have given you due warning . if i think it necessary to make remarks about the practices of these two agents [ elsworth and gordon - watson ] i shall have no hesitation in doing so whatsoever . you can all bear that in mind .
as the proceedings drew to a climax , judge dean continued :
anyway , your case is that you had a contract for the sale of this filly for £275 , 000 .
judge dean : and whoever agreed to buy it off you had agreed to buy it for £275 , 000 and you knew nothing about the fate of the £25 , 000 . were your clients [ foodbrokers ltd ] paying a commission at all for the trainer ?
mccormick : we were to pay a five per cent commission , five per cent of £275 , 000 .
mccormick : i think it is slightly more , but that sort of order , yes . there is no doubt he was taking commission from both parties .
judge dean : that is illegal , it is quite illegal . and if that is the way this business is conducted the sooner the people involved change their ways the better . that is what is called bribery and secret profits .
with the judge in full flow , the denouement came in a court scene reminiscent of rumpole of the bailey .
mccormick intervened to tell the judge :
i hear a whisper from my right suggesting it might be an idea if your honour would give us a little time . could i ask for 15 minutes ?
the judge responded :
i think you all ought to think about this very , very carefully . in this case there is £25 , 000 , which is exactly the sum of the secret profits that the agents [ elsworth and gordon - watson ] apparently , certainly so far as the claimant [ foodbrokers ltd ] were concerned , were splitting between themselves , and so far as mr duggan is concerned that is the same position .
i appreciate that that is not accepted by gordon - watson , they say mr duggan was perfectly well aware that , to use mr gordon - watson ' s words , he was going to pay £10 , 000 to the trainer to ensure that he kept the price , which seems clear fraud on his principal .
now , if you all want to think about it i would advise you to do so . i will give you as long as you like .
during the subsequent short break , gordon - watson settled the claims . he agreed to pay £40 , 000 to foodbrokers ltd and £10 , 000 to duggan .
after hearing details of the settlement , judge dean said :
in the circumstances of this case i do not propose to say anything more about it . but i think that is an extremely wise settlement .
since the case , the daily telegraph has had confirmation that foodbrokers ltd knew nothing about the proposed £10 , 000 sweetener at the time of the proposed sale and did not become aware of it until
considerably
later on .
charlie gordon - watson is threatening to sue the daily telegraph for alleged libel following the publication of an article last month , headlined
horsetraders must clean up their act
, which first highlighted the foodbroker fancy case .
he says his decision to settle the civil claims was completely unconnected with judge dean ' s remarks at the start of the trial .
a letter from his lawyers to the editor , dated dec 15 , copies of which gordon - watson circulated with a covering note to various racing people , stated :
as you will know , it is not uncommon practice for parties to litigation to settle at the door of the court on commercial grounds and this is what happened in this case .
with regard to the proposed £10 , 000 payment to elsworth , gordon - watson says he fully expected the trainer to tell the court that foodbrokers knew about it . because elsworth was due to appear as a witness for foodbrokers
clearly therefore they knew about mr elsworth receiving this commission and were at ease with the fact
.
in a later letter , it was stated gordon - watson had no reason to believe elsworth had not informed foodbrokers and , because no evidence was given in court ,
we do not know what the position was
.
the judge made no ' findings ' that the arrangements surrounding the proposed sale of foodbroker fancy were
illegal
or involved
secret profits
, the bloodstock agent ' s lawyers said .
subsequently , they said the judge ' s remarks
were made in respect of a hypothetical situation and were not made on the basis of any finding of fact . the hypothetical situation was one that did not pertain to the facts of this case .
after being provided with the official transcript of the legal proceedings by the daily telegraph , it was argued the judge ' s comments concerning the illegality of agents taking a commission from both sides were
plainly wrong
.
gordon - watson claims the purpose of the additional £10 , 000 was to compensate elsworth for lost training fees and prize money flowing from foodbroker fancy leaving his yard .
the writer of the article is criticised for
his failure to contact our client who could have put the record straight as to the nature of the payment to mr elsworth and apprised him of what the judge had actually said
.
a letter dated jan 21 declined the daily telegraph ' s offer to interview gordon - watson and concluded :
we will give you a further seven days in which to reconsider your position , failing which our instructions are to issue proceedings without further notice to you .
david elsworth contacted the daily telegraph following the initial story and said :
i am phoning about that s * * * you wrote in the paper the other day . haven ' t you got no better f * * * * * * style of copy than that . i mean , the fact was the judge did not award anybody everything . there was a dispute about ownership and it was settled out of court .
you have to go raking up all that s * * * . how do you know ? you weren ' t even there . i should change your occupation . it ' s a s * * * job you ' ve got if you ' ve got nothing better to do than this .
just do me a favour , richard . distance yourself from me . i don ' t want to see you again .
the financial corruption exposed in the foodbroker fancy court case is
sadly the tip of a rotten iceberg
, according to justin wadham , a newmarket lawyer who specialises in racing issues .
as a former chairman of the federation of bloodstock agents who is married to a national hunt trainer and has worked for sheikh mohammed ' s british bloodstock empire , wadham speaks - albeit reluctantly - from a position of knowledge .
he helped the jockey club last year to produce a code of conduct for trainers aimed at deterring impropriety .
i hate it when racing receives adverse publicity , particularly as most attempts by the media to put the sport in the dock get it wrong ,
wadham said .
however , i am very disheartened when client upon client - and many others who are not clients - come into racing and then leave almost as soon as they become involved not only because they have been cheated but because nobody , seemingly , gives a damn about their plight .
some of my clients are agents and trainers and they , too , are just as sickened as i am by some of the things that go on unchecked and unpunished .
there is a belief among many operators that they are entitled to take a cut out of a commercial transaction and call it ' commission ' . however , commission is a percentage rate agreed with a client and charged for a service to that client .
what a lot of people think is that , if they shift a horse from one person to another , without any regard for who their client may be , and nick some money out of the deal en route , they are charging a legitimate commission . in some cases , their actions amount to nothing less than theft .
wadham identified a number of areas where wrongdoing regularly takes place , including at the numerous high - profile sales .
a well - known scenario occurs when someone receives an order from a client to buy a horse for a specified sum . he then finds a horse which , say , has a reserve on it for half that amount .
before the horse enters the sales ring , he agrees with the vendor that the two of them will split whatever the amount is by which the eventual price exceeds the reserve price . thus ' our agent ' ends up charging his client five per cent commission on a price which he has deliberately inflated and also pockets the ' kick - back ' he negotiated with the vendor .
the variations on the theme are endless and , while it ' s important to stress that numerous trainers and agents are as appalled by these practices as i am , any idea that the auction market is transparent , or that this kind of thing happens just occasionally , is myth .
extracting a ' commission ' from both seller and buyer is also common in private transactions .
that amounts , at best , to a serious conflict of interest , and is fundamentally dishonest because ' the agent ' is misrepresenting his position to one or other party or both ,
wadham said .
i have also come across cases where the amount paid by the ultimate buyer of a horse is almost double the amount received by the original vendor - the difference being swiped by one or more ' facilitators ' en route .
sometimes , a client comes to see me with what he believes to be an ordinary commercial dispute only to discover , once the facts are probed , that he was the victim of fraud .
i cannot discuss individual cases . although , ironically , i am constrained not so much from client confidentiality - many would be delighted for me to proclaim their grievances from the rooftops - but by confidentiality clauses in settlement agreements whereby wrongdoers have purchased the silence of a client and thus avoided disciplinary scrutiny .
a lot of people are being stitched up and , unfortunately , no one seems to care . i think someone in a position of authority needs to say , ' we do care and we want to stamp it out . '
i ' m not naive enough to believe that you can prevent cheating . what you can tackle , however , is a culture in which cheating is so endemic and so rarely questioned , let alone punished , that some people do not recognise as wrong what a court of law would , in some cases , judge to be criminal .
wadham believes that the jockey club , as regulators of racing , should become more aggressively involved and
demonstrate a determination to deal with cases of impropriety
.
with trainers , it has everything it needs . not only is there a code of conduct but every trainer has to apply for a new licence annually . there ' s every opportunity for the jockey club repeatedly to warn trainers of the dire consequences of financial impropriety .
the jockey club has less authority and jurisdiction over bloodstock agents but , surely , they could take the initiative by seeking to negotiate with the federation of bloodstock agents an arrangement whereby , through the federation , each member voluntarily submitted to jockey club disciplinary jurisdiction . after all , the reluctance of any agent to submit might tell its own story .
a trainer who rejected a ' sweetener ' worth more than £25 , 000 to ensure the sale of a horse from his yard has spoken of the corruption and
enormous can of worms
surrounding britain ' s bloodstock industry .
the guys who are being ripped off are the owners , those who pay the bills , and it ' s all down to greed . it ' s robbery without violence ,
he told the daily telegraph .
in an interview , he gave examples of the various methods used by some bloodstock agents to
rip off
owners - and he provided names of those who allegedly
are up to their necks in it
.
the trainer , who asked for anonymity , highlighted the modus operandi of one particular bloodstock agent when it came to buying and selling horses .
he targets the smaller trainers and offers them what he calls sweeteners to get a deal done .
what he does at the sales is to approach a vendor beforehand to say he would like to buy their yearling . ' how much do you want for him ? '
the vendor says he ' s hoping to make , say , £50 , 000 and the agent says , ' i ' ll give you £50 , 000 and anything it makes over and above that is mine ' .
he already has an owner lined up for the horse and has people around the sales ring who will bid it up to £150 , 000 . he cops £100 , 000 and some unsuspecting owner pays the bill .
i ' ve followed horses into the ring with a view to buying them and they make 10 times what they ' re worth - because it ' s all sorted out before the horse goes into the ring . it ' s all done outside .
the law defining what constitutes bribery of an agent is contained in a legal tome which matches racing ' s bulky form book in size .
chitty on contracts cites mr justice slade :
for the purpose of the civil law a bribe means the payment of a secret commission , which only means : that the person making the payment makes it to the agent of the other person with whom he is dealing ; that he makes it to that person knowing that that person is acting as the agent of the other person with whom he is dealing ; that he fails to disclose to the other person with whom he is dealing that he has made that payment to the person who he knows to be the other person ' s agent .
once the bribe is established it is conclusively presumed against the donor of the bribe that his motive was corrupt and against the agent that he was affected and influenced by the payment .
the onus on an agent is underlined in chitty ' s summary of a string of legal precedents , ' secret profits ' .
a further consequence of the agent ' s fiduciary position is that unless he informs his principal and obtains his consent , he may not use his position as agent nor his principal ' s property or confidential information to make a profit for himself .
bloodstock agents are not licensed or subject to the rules of racing which are enforced by the jockey club to police the sport .
the only form of self - regulation involves members of the 48 - strong federation of bloodstock agents having to abide by a bland code of working ethics introduced after oliver sherwood and paul webber were ordered to pay £51 , 000 damages for
collusive bidding
at doncaster sales in 1999 .
not only is the six - point code vague , the jockey club are the first to admit the fba have no real teeth . membership is optional and some of the most successful agents , including charlie gordon - watson , are not fba members and therefore not subject to the code ' s provisions . however , all are subject to laws governing ' secret profits ' .
officially , the fba say no complaints have been received against any of their members since the code was introduced . however , privately there is acknowledgement that it is flouted .
agents , according to one industry source , do not appreciate having to pay off what they regard as grasping trainers who can prevent deals being done .
one agent , who asked not to be identified , said :
we do not give , out of the goodness of our heart , a trainer £10 , 000 , £20 , 000 or whatever the figure might be because he ' s a nice bloke . the implication is always , ' if you don ' t look after me , the deal won ' t get done ' .
agents hand this money over somewhat under duress . it ' s a bloody nightmare .
a code of conduct for trainers , covering dealings with owners , was introduced by the jockey club last year which seeks to reflect what has been the strict legal position for decades .
a trainer who acts as an agent in a purchase or sale of a horse must inform an owner
if he is aware that he will benefit financially from any third party from such a transaction
.
he is also forbidden from acting
simultaneously for the vendor or purchaser
unless an owner has been informed in advance .
rupert arnold , chief executive of the national trainers federation , confirmed that the circumstances of the foodbroker fancy case were not exceptional .
it is not highly unusual . i would hope , given the jockey club code of conduct , trainers appreciate that the onus is on them to be transparent ,
he said .
the reality is that trainers make precious little out of training fees because it ' s such a competitive business with operating margins that are miniscule . so trainers need to find alternative ways of making money .
i don ' t think there ' s anything wrong with that but what needs to happen is that the process has to be transparent .
the rarity of a sporting victory over australia – be it at cricket or tiddlywinks – means that every drop of essential oil has to be distilled from the celebrations . you have no idea how long the bottle might have to last . so , 20 years on last monday , the miracle of headingley ' 81 was invoked , with mark butcher ( ian botham ) and nasser hussain ( mike brearley ) cast as heroes of the remake .
just one little difference . in 1981 , the game mattered and england won it . in 2001 , the ashes were gone and australia lost it . any other interpretation of a thunderingly gratifying , but ultimately futile , victory is a wanton distortion of the truth , a confirmation of just how deep the acceptance of aussie dominance has burrowed into the national psyche .
this is , of course , an appropriate week to be reflecting on ancient national rivalries and the indefinable hold that history can take on a mere sporting contest . bat and ball at headingley and the oval , boot and ball in the olympic stadium in munich next saturday evening when england ' s hopes of automatic qualification for the 2002 world cup will depend on sven goran eriksson ' s ability to press the delete button on the nation ' s video . all england know what happens when we play germany at football – one scrappy victory in euro 2000 apart – just as they know what happens when england play australia at cricket . very occasionally and dramatically we win , mostly we lose . but does a swedish coach know or care ? eriksson was professing ignorance last week , preferring a little light background music to the wagnerian thunder and lightning which generally accompany the reunion of england and germany .
neutrality is probably the wise approach , not least with young multi - millionaires who are not prone to belting out the words of the national anthem like terry butcher , but eriksson might like to compare notes with duncan fletcher , his opposite number at lord ' s , who has spent his summer sweeping up the pieces of shattered illusions , not least his own .
why is it , fletcher must have wondered on those long , hot , afternoons , that a team moulded by 18 months of success , against zimbabwe , his own country , west indies , pakistan and sri lanka , a team that had developed resilience , team spirit , a sense of community , mateship even , should go weak at the knees at the first whisper of
g ' day
? he must have known something inexplicable and very english was afoot when he heard nasser hussain , an otherwise hard and impressive captain , talk of
earning the respect
of the aussies before a ball had been bowled . respect is earned by winning , and is an aim only for those who believe they will lose .
i doubt if fletcher , himself an inspirational leader in the days when zimbabwe were a non - test playing nation , ever took to the field with
earning respect
heading his list of ambitions . nor does it claim much of a place in eriksson ' s recently published thoughts on football . and it was , presumably , this sort of attitude which steve waugh was alluding to when he spoke last week of his surprise at the country ' s culture of negativity .
waugh promised a more detailed analysis of the failings at the end of the series which , at the time , australia looked set to take 5 - 0 . one hopes he will not be diverted from keeping his word by one setback because , from the moment he confronted the england batsmen with a row of slips , a gully and a short - leg at the start of a one - day international at old trafford , waugh has conducted a summer - long master class in psychology . his debrief will be compulsory listening . a tape might even be mailed to the headquarters of the football association .
by late on saturday , eriksson too might be dimly aware , like fletcher , of forces at work beyond his objective understanding . the incalculable benefit for our national football team is that eriksson ' s england will go to munich stripped of the phony patriotism which has repeatedly been used to mask the inadequacies of our preparation . the additional bonus , for all of us , is that england ' s fate on saturday will not be decided by a penalty shoot - out .
why is the start of the premiership season like the start of a horse race ? because in both cases , the commentator cries :
and they ' re off
. nine red cards in the first five days , including two each from tottenham ( david elleray ) and leeds ( jeff winter ) has hardly been an auspicious start to the new era of professional referees , unless a productivity clause has been secretly inserted in their contracts .
this season , referees will be fitter , better prepared , more in tune with the demands of the modern game , at least that is what we have been promised in return for £60 , 000 a year . yet already the paying punter – armchair or live – has once again had to suffer football ' s equivalent of the peace process , a well - rehearsed ritual which involves a lot of whingeing by players and managers , a whole pack of red cards and , finally , an uneasy deal on the decommissioning of certain tackles which could have been brokered before a player had been kicked .
this season , referees have been instructed to referee safely , which means keeping strict hold of the reins of authority . on paper , that is a logical instruction . on the field , it leads to untold frustration . admittedly , leeds against arsenal requires the deployment of a un peace - keeping force , but nothing is designed to upset players , managers and fans more than the wilful refusal by referees to play advantage . on tuesday night at highbury and at anfield last saturday , jeff winter dismally failed to apply the law , notably in blowing up for a foul on patrick vieira which the frenchman ' s skill had already punished . arsenal lost a good field position ; leeds happily regrouped for the free - kick . no one was booked .
football has already adopted rugby union ' s idea of penalising dissent by moving a free - kick 10 yards forward – winter penalised paolo di canio twice for the offence at anfield – so why not also apply rugby ' s interpretation of advantage by allowing play to continue beyond the foul so that the extent of the advantage can be calculated ? any more of this safety - first refereeing and the premiership will be reduced to seven - a - side .
this is the fa speaking :
due to circumstances entirely within the remote control of television , third round fa cup ties will be played on a rolling 24 - hour basis starting at midnight on saturday , 5 january , 2002 and ending at midnight on monday , 7 january , 2002 .
we apologise for any inconvenience caused to the undesirable minority who might want to watch their teams live at a reasonable hour of the day or those dreadful stick - in - the - muds who prefer their football served up exclusively at 3pm on saturdays . but , what can you do ? i mean , television pays all this money and who are we to say to stop them doing what they want ?
what ' s that ? yes , i know we are the game ' s governing body , but , with the best will in the world , i don ' t see what that ' s got to do with it . oh yes , the fa cup final ? that has been moved to kuala lumpur . live , peak time for the asian market . they ' re suckers for tradition out there , you know .
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£59 . 70 to a £1 stake . pool : £45 , 839 . 74 - 559 . 76 winning units
£29 . 50 to a £1 stake . pool : £4 , 170 . 62 - 104 . 32 winning units
distances : hd , 1¾l , 1½l time : 1m 12 . 03s ( slow by 2 . 23s ) total sp : 114 %
distances : 2½l , nk , ¾l time : 57 . 41s ( slow by 0 . 21s ) total sp : 111 %
distances : hd , ¾l , 3l time : 1m 38 . 66s ( slow by 1 . 46s ) unplaced fav : whatsthemessage 5 / 2f total sp : 111 %
distances : 1¾l , nse , nk time : 2m 53 . 43s ( slow by 7 . 43s ) unplaced fav : luv u whatever 5 / 2f total sp : 111 %
distances : 4l , ¾l , nk time : 1m 29 . 63s ( slow by 2 . 33s ) total sp : 116 %
distances : hd , 1¼l , 2¾l time : 1m 31 . 16s ( slow by 3 . 86s ) unplaced fav : different journey 5 / 2f total sp : 117 %
was keen early but made some good late progress and looks one for nurseries .
£144 . 30 to a £1 stake . pool : £63 , 971 . 93 - 323 . 42 winning units
£24 . 00 to a £1 stake . pool : £4 , 618 . 12 - 141 . 81 winning units
distances : 4½l , 1½l , shd time : 1m 13 . 63s ( slow by 3 . 13s ) total sp : 115 %
distances : 1½l , 1¼l , shd time : 1m 39 . 73s ( slow by 2 . 03s ) unplaced fav : shamaheart 7 / 2f total sp : 117 %
distances : nk , 18l , 8l time : 2m 34 . 18s ( slow by 2 . 68s ) total sp : 108 %
distances : nk , 4l , nk time : 2m 2 . 05s ( slow by 1 . 75s ) unplaced fav : lamloom 9 / 4j total sp : 109 %
distances : 7l , 9l , nk time : 1m 38 . 94s ( slow by 1 . 24s ) total sp : 114 %
distances : 1l , nk , 2l time : 1m 29 . 86s total sp : 113 %
distances : hd , 2¼l , 1¼l time : 1m 31 . 21s unplaced fav : alfirak 6 / 4f total sp : 119 %
distances : ¾l , 1¼l , nk time : 2m 11 . 38s ( slow by 3 . 38s ) unplaced fav : check your pockets 9 / 4f total sp : 112 %
pick six : not won . 24 , 281 . 38 carried forward to roscommon tuesday . tote aggregates : 2017 ; 296 , 281 . 2018 ; 128 , 518
£20 . 90 to a £1 stake . pool : £88 , 688 . 16 - 3 , 097 . 60 winning units
£11 . 10 to a £1 stake . pool : £6 , 385 . 65 - 424 . 16 winning units
distances : nk , nk , 1l time : 1m 13 . 14s ( slow by 2 . 94s ) total sp : 123 %
distances : ¾l , 2l , hd time : 1m 13 . 86s ( slow by 3 . 66s ) total sp : 121 %
distances : nk , 1¼l , 1l time : 2m 12 . 59s ( slow by 8 . 09s ) total sp : 111 %
distances : shd , hd , 2l time : 1m 45 . 90s ( slow by 5 . 30s ) unplaced fav : brigand 11 / 10f total sp : 111 %
distances : 2l , nse , 2l time : 1m 48 . 09s ( slow by 7 . 49s ) total sp : 122 %
distances : 4½l , nk , 1l time : 2m 32 . 25s ( slow by 8 . 75s ) total sp : 113 %
£134 . 50 to a £1 stake . pool : £70 , 403 . 42 - 382 . 07 winning units
£31 . 10 to a £1 stake . pool : £7 , 689 . 58 - 182 . 62 winning units
distances : 1¾l , 1l , nk time : 1m 15 . 80s ( slow by 3 . 60s ) total sp : 125 %
distances : nk , 1¾l , hd time : 1m 31 . 96s ( slow by 5 . 86s ) unplaced fav : cupid ' s arrow 4 / 1j , be bold 4 / 1j total sp : 122 %
distances : ½l , 13l , nse time : 2m 40 . 17s ( slow by 5 . 17s ) total sp : 119 %
£294 . 80 to a £1 stake . pool : £64 , 468 . 45 - 159 . 62 winning units
£54 . 30 to a £1 stake . pool : £5 , 729 . 64 - 77 . 96 winning units
distances : 6l , shd , 4½l time : 5m 49 . 80s ( slow by 14 . 80s ) unplaced fav : master sunrise 6 / 4f total sp : 115 %
newton geronimo was withdrawn . price at time of withdrawal 13 / 8f . rule 4 applies to all bets - deduction 35p in the pound
distances : 1½l , hd , 2½l time : 3m 42 . 80s ( slow by 2 . 80s ) unplaced fav : tommy hallinan 9 / 4j total sp : 117 %
distances : 6l , 11l , hd time : 5m 44 . 60s ( slow by 22 . 60s ) total sp : 116 %
distances : nk , 2l , 1¾l time : 3m 44 . 70s ( slow by 4 . 70s ) unplaced fav : excellent team 100 / 30f total sp : 113 %
distances : 1¾l , ½l , nk time : 2m 2 . 21s ( slow by 0 . 21s ) total sp : 120 %
pari - mutuel ( all including 1 euro stake ) : win 2 . 90 place 1 . 70 , 2 . 00 , 4 . 40 df 7 . 80 sf 12 . 90
distances : ¾l , ½l , nse time : 2m 31 . 62s ( slow by 2 . 62s ) unplaced fav : north hunter 12 / 5f total sp : 121 %
pari - mutuel ( all including 1 euro stake ) : win 25 . 60 place 5 . 70 , 2 . 90 , 2 . 80 df 110 . 70 sf 295 . 60
distances : hd , ¾l , ½l time : 1m 27 . 55s ( slow by 4 . 25s ) total sp : 120 %
pari - mutuel ( all including 1 euro stake ) : win 5 . 50 place 1 . 80 , 2 . 40 , 1 . 60 df 28 . 80 sf 58 . 00
distances : nse , 1½l , snk time : 1m 52 . 14s ( slow by 3 . 64s ) unplaced fav : flowrider evensf total sp : 121 %
pari - mutuel ( all including 1 euro stake ) : win 1 . 50 ( coupled with flowrider ) place 1 . 80 , 1 . 90 sf 8 . 00
pari - mutuel ( all including 1 euro stake ) : win 2 . 30 place 4 . 10 , 5 . 10 , 4 . 10 df 64 . 60 sf 146 . 60
distances : hd , 1l , snk time : 1m 25 . 85s ( slow by 2 . 55s ) total sp : 121 %
pari - mutuel ( all including 1 euro stake ) : win 5 . 50 place 2 . 00 , 3 . 80 , 3 . 00 df 31 . 40 sf 55 . 20
pari - mutuel ( all including 1 euro stake ) : win 5 . 70 place 1 . 90 , 2 . 20 , 1 . 90 df 26 . 60 sf 50 . 50
distances : snk , 1¼l , 1¾l time : 2m 3 . 57s ( slow by 1 . 57s ) unplaced fav : ducale di maremma 14 / 5f total sp : 121 %
pari - mutuel ( all including 1 euro stake ) : win 11 . 80 place 3 . 70 , 3 . 10 , 6 . 60 df 37 . 80 sf 87 . 60
pick 6 : unbeaten morston tops six worst derby winners . - free online library
mla style :
pick 6 : unbeaten morston tops six worst derby winners . .
the free library . 2004 mgn ltd 09 jul . 2018 urltoken
chicago style : the free library . s . v . pick 6 : unbeaten morston tops six worst derby winners . .
retrieved jul 09 2018 from urltoken
apa style : pick 6 : unbeaten morston tops six worst derby winners . . ( n . d . ) > the free library . ( 2014 ) . retrieved jul 09 2018 from urltoken
it would be idle to pretend that the derby roll of honour consists entirely of superstars , for in only 23 of the 58 post - war seasons has the epsom winner been the champion three - year - old colt .
the others owe their place in history to luck , precocity or opportunism in taking advantage of a weak field .
the following six underline that point with great emphasis , for , based on the quality of their best career performances , they are the worst horses to win the derby since world war ii .
on the face of it , a colt who retires as an unbeaten derby winner deserves an honoured place in racing history , but strictly on form morston , who won both his career starts , was the worst horse to triumph in the premier classic since spion kop in 1920 .
morston scored decisively on his racecourse debut in the godstone plate at lingfield in may , 1973 , and , in a very poor field for the derby the following month , the 25 - 1 shot led approaching the final furlong and held on by half a length from cavo doro . he was the second derby winner for owner - breeder - trainer arthur budgett - the first had been the colt ' s half - brother blakeney - but injury prevented him from running again and fulfilling his potential .
the 1999 derby field contained a great champion - not the winner , oath , who recorded his only pattern victory when beating daliapour by a length and three - quarters , but the favourite , dubai millennium , who suffered his only defeat when finishing ninth . the henry cecil - trained oath , who had previously won the listed dee stakes , had only one more race - when he injured a knee in the king george and beat only one home .
the first of arthur budgett ' s derby winners , blakeney was lucky to score in 1969 because the best horse in the field , prince regent , finished third after receiving an incompetent ride . that french colt subsequently had blakeney back in fourth when winning the irish derby . if blakeney had not improved as a four - year - old - coming second ( to nijinsky ) in the king george and fifth in the arc - then he , and not his half - brother morston , would have headed this list .
quest for fame was only the second - or third - best three - year - old colt trained by roger charlton for khalid abdullah in 1990 ( behind deploy and , perhaps , sanglamore ) and was beaten on merit by belmez in the chester vase , but he met a poor field in the derby and won by three lengths from blue stag . he was kept in training until the age of five and twice finished third in the breeders ' cup turf .
the worst overseas - trained derby winner of all time ( narrowly from larkspur and empery ) , lavandin failed to brighten a wet day at epsom in 1956 when he held off montaval by a neck . alec head ' s colt , who had started favourite on the strength of an unlucky defeat in the prix hocquart , flopped on his only subsequent start , in the grand prix de paris .
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opostega spatulella is a moth of the opostegidae family .

it is known from france , the iberian peninsula , italy , austria , the czech republic , slovakia , hungary , romania , bulgaria , macedonia , greece and bosnia and herzegovina .

it is thought to be extinct in great britain .

it is also found in the eastern part of the palearctic ecozone ( including turkmenistan and uzbekistan ) and the near east .

the wingspan is 9 – 11 mm .

adults are on wing from august to june and hibernate from october to april .

there is one generation per year .

the larvae are known to feed on ulmus and salix species .

they mine the bark of their host plant .

opostega spatulella

lectotype designation for opostega heringella mariani , a synonym of opostega spatulella herrich - schaffer ( lepidoptera : opostegidae ) .
lectotype designation for opostega heringella mariani , a synonym of opostega spatulella herrich - schaffer ( lepidoptera : opostegidae ) .
lectotype designation for opostega heringella mariani , a synonym of opostega spatulella herrich - schaffer ( lepidoptera : opostegidae ) . [ 1991 ]
ty - jour ti - lectotype designation for opostega heringella mariani , a synonym of opostega spatulella herrich - schäffer ( lepidoptera : opostegidae ) t2 - proceedings of the entomological society of washington . vl - 93 ur - urltoken pb - entomological society of washington cy - washington , etc . : py - 1991 sp - 206 ep - 207 sn - 0013 - 8797 au - davis , d r er -
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notes : extinct in the british isles , formerly known only from southend and witham in essex , and from north curry in somerset , but not seen in numbers since 1877 . unlikely to be recorded in hampshire or on the isle of wight . wingspan 9 - 11 mm .
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biodivlibrary july is # nationalblueberrymonth ! the w . a . cox nursery co . of mississippi ' s 1920s catalog proclaimed # blueberries to… urltoken
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macrorrhinia endonephele is a species of snout moth in the genus macrorrhinia .

it was described by hampson in 1918 , and is known from the southern united states ( including texas , alabama , florida , georgia , oklahoma and south carolina ) , but also in south america , including argentina and brazil .

macrorrhinia endonephele

macrorrhinia endonephele ( hampson , 1918 ) replaces m . signifera ( blanchard , 1976 ) which is a synonym .
found at uv light near pond in wooded area of a flood plain . my best match is 5913 – macrorrhinia endonephele at : mpg supported by dna barcoding , bold lpoka741 - 08 this specimen is shown here : bold : aae0182
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neunzig , h . h . , 2003 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 15 . 5 , p . 264 ; pl . 9 . 2 - 3 . order
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