parcoblatta uhleriana , the uhler 's wood cockroach , is a species of parcoblatta native to the united states and canada .

it is a forest species also found in disturbed and urban environments .

the male of the species flies freely , while the female does not fly .

parcoblatta uhleriana

parcoblatta uhleriana . oothecae and nymphs . one l1 and the other i guess is l2 .
blattella germanica ( linn . ) – german cockroach parcoblatta uhleriana ( saussure ) – uhler’s wood roach parcoblatta pensylvanica ( de geer ) – pennsylvania wood roach parcoblatta virginica ( brunner ) – virginia wood roach
sorry to hear what happened to uhleriana nymphs . hope the remaining oothe hatch out soon .
parcoblatta desertae ( rehn , j . a . g . & hebard 1909 )
parcoblatta notha ( rehn , j . a . g . & hebard 1910 )
shape of the 10th tergum suggests that this is p . uhleriana instead of b . orientalis .
this is one of the easiest species of parcoblatta to identify due to its unique tergminas .
one of my unknown parcoblatta oothe hatched recently so i ' ll take some pics soon .
the species was treated by one source in 1910 as a southern variety of parcoblatta uhleriana , termed p . uhleriana fulvescens , as the males of the two species look very similar . [ 3 ] [ 5 ] among their differences are that p . fulvescens has a pale face , longer pronotum with less distinct disc - like impressions , narrower tegmina , and different characteristics in its cerci and its anal styles ( two threadlike processes on the terminal segment of the abdomen ) . [ 3 ] [ 7 ] in addition , pre - 1917 arizona records of uhleriana and uhleriana fuvescens refer to parcoblatta notha . [ 5 ]
nymph : indistinguishable from other parcoblatta in early instars . older nymphs similar in coloration to other sympatric parcoblatta , but the terminal tergites may appear pink , light brown , or orange ( depending on lighting and viewing angle ) .
parcoblatta intricata ( blatchley 1903 ) , p . lithophila ( scudder 1862 ) , p . unicolor ( scudder 1862 )
saussure . 1862 . rev . mag . zool . 2 ( 14 ) : 169 > > ischnoptera uhleriana urn : lsid : blattodea . speciesfile . org : taxonname : 4886
lawson , fred a . ( 1967 ) .
ecological and collecting notes on eight species of parcoblatta ( orthoptera : blattidae ) and certain other cockroaches
.
adult male p . uhleriana and p . fulvescens have a pair of structures on the median segment ( and not the first abdominal segment ) . these structures do not meet in the midline to form a ridge . the wings are markedly broader than the pronotum in p . uhleriana , and only slightly broader in p . fulvescens . the small dark structures on median segment of this cockroach can be seen :
princis . 1969 . in beier [ ed . ] . blattariae : subordo epilamproidea . fam . : blattellidae . orthopterorum catalogus ( 13 ) : 719 > > note : the bsf ' s record for this scientific name originated from this reference . it was digitised by g . w . beccaloni in 2005 . > > parcoblatta uhleriana urn : lsid : blattodea . speciesfile . org : taxonname : 4885
parcoblatta lata , the broad wood cockroach , is a species of wood cockroach ( family ectobiidae ) native to the united states . it is one of the largest species of wood cockroaches .
parcoblatta fulvescens , the fulvous wood cockroach , is a species of cockroach endemic to the united states and possibly canada that measures around 13 mm ( 0 . 5 in ) long . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
oh , no i was talking about the p . bolliana not uhleriana . yes , the female cannot climb smooth surfaces . she cannot even get a grip , like my shelfordella lateralis . i do not know where i caught her . i do not remember moving shelfordella lateralis into containers like that .
now that you mention it , i think your female might not even be in genus parcoblatta as the 10th tergum on your specimen looks different from my specimens . try letting it climb on glass . if it does climb smooth surfaces , it will definitely be in different genus .
in an observational study of the species , it was observed to eat cambium , flower petals , and sap . a survey of insects caught by the pitcher plant saracenia flava included male specimens of four species of parcoblatta , including p . lata , leading to speculation that the winged adults may seek nectar as a source of energy for flying .
that possible sub - adult female that i thought might be a caudelli i am now thinking it is something else . the maybe caudelli sub - adults had a different pattern . this possible sub - adult has a pattern like the red runner roaches . it is also bigger than the adult maybe caudelli . it might be p . lata . i have read that they are big . it is growing slowly compared to the other parcoblatta .
the male parcoblatta fulvescens is relatively slender , has long tegmina ( outer forewings ) , and is slightly longer than the female . [ 3 ] it is a mostly uniform pale brownish - yellow , with sometimes darker pronotum ( the plate behind the head ) and legs , and usually dark brown cerci ( the pair of appendages on its rear - most segment ) . [ 3 ] its pronotum is subelliptical ( nearly elliptical ) , is widest just behind its middle , and has weakly defined disc - like impressions . [ 3 ]
if you are generating a pdf of a journal article or book chapter , please feel free to enter the title and author information . the information you enter here will be stored in the downloaded file to assist you in managing your downloaded pdfs locally .
thank you for your request . please wait for an email containing a link to download the pdf .
sign up to receive the latest bhl news , content highlights , and promotions .
bhl relies on donations to provide free pdf downloads and other services . help keep bhl free and open !
there was an issue with the request . please try again and if the problem persists , please send us feedback .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
the pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plug - in installed ( for example , a recent version of adobe acrobat reader ) .
if you would like more information about how to print , save , and work with pdfs , highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs .
alternatively , you can download the pdf file directly to your computer , from where it can be opened using a pdf reader . to download the pdf , click the download link above .
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
select your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .
this one came to the light last night . maybe related ( it also has some white spots on the face )
contributed by john r . maxwell on 12 august , 2013 - 4 : 12pm last updated 4 july , 2014 - 3 : 34pm
blatta orientalis , female , possibly ; s . lateralis , female , possibly
adult male : one pair of unfused modifications on the median segment . hindwings roughly equal to or slightly subequal to the tegmina . overall coloration saturated orange .
adult female : tegmina brachypterous and with distinctive gap between . overall coloration typically black to dark brown ; sometimes dark red or with red markings .
beccaloni g . w . ( 2007 - ) cockroach species file online . version 5 . 0
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
found in the eastern u . s . in a variety of woodland habitats and near man - made structures bordering woodlands .
a male uhler ' s wood cockroach in anne arundel co . , maryland ( 6 / 9 / 2016 ) . identification verified by alan jeon / bugguide . photo by timothy reichard . ( mbp list )
a uhler ' s wood cockroach in frederick co . , maryland ( 6 / 9 / 2015 ) . determined by alan jeon / bugguide . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
an uhler ' s wood cockroach in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 6 / 1 / 2017 ) . verified by alan jeon / bugguide . photo by robert aguilar , serc . ( mbp list )
a uhler ' s wood cockroach in worcester co . , maryland ( 5 / 8 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a uhler ' s wood cockroach in frederick co . , maryland ( 6 / 9 / 2017 ) . determined by alan jeon / bugguide . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
uhler ' s wood cockroaches in calvert co . , maryland ( 2 / 10 / 2013 ) . photo by ashley bradford . ( mbp list )
a uhler ' s wood cockroach in howard co . , maryland ( 6 / 11 / 2017 ) . determined by v . belov and alan jeon via bugguide . photo by kurt schwarz . ( mbp list )
use of images featured on maryland biodiversity project is only permitted with express permission of the photographer .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
cockroach species file ( version 5 . 0 / 5 . 0 ) home search taxa key help wiki
display . you can modify these specifications at any time by clicking the
change items displayed
button in the header .
if you want your changes to be preserved for future sessions , you should login . to do this , click on the logo in the upper left corner .
copyright © 2018 . except where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - sharealike 4 . 0 international license .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
project noah is a tool to explore and document wildlife and a platform to harness the power of citizen scientists everywhere .
medium sized , dark brown roach with short wings . adult female . they feed on decaying organic matter and do not thrive indoors .
spotted on the ground at night while we were setting up camp for the weekend in june . illuminated by a flashlight .
no problem , happy to help ! : ) btw , this individual is a mature female , not a nymph , as evidenced by the short tegmina that you can see right below her pronotum .
mr . goldfish and hisserdude , thank you ! i think i must have missed the initial suggestion .
this checklist is taken from cantrall , i . j . 1943 . “the ecology of the orthoptera and dermaptera of the george reserve , michigan” . univ . mich . mus . zool . misc . publ . 54 . it has been modified to reflect more recent taxonomic revisions .
melanoplus angustipennis ( dodge ) – narrow - winged locust melanoplus bivittatus ( say ) – two - striped locust melanoplus borealis borealis ( fieber ) – northern locust malanoplus confusus scudder – little locust melanoplus fasciatus ( f . walker ) – huckleberry locust malanoplus femurrubrum ( degeer ) – red - legged locust melanoplus islandicus blatchley – forest locust melanoplus keeleri luridus ( dodge ) – broad - necked locust melanoplus punctulatus griseus ( thomas ) melanoplus sanguinipes sanguinipes ( fabr . ) – lesser migratory locust paroxya hoosieri ( blatchley ) – hoosier locust phoetaliotes nebrascensis ( thomas ) – large - headed locust
arphia pseudonietana pseudonietana ( thomas ) – red - winged locust arphia sulphurea ( fabr . ) – spring yellow - winged locust camnula pellucida ( scudder ) – clear - winged locust chortophaga viridifasciata ( degeer ) – green - striped locust dissosteira carolina ( linn . ) – carolina locust encoptolophus sordidus sordidus ( burm . ) – dusky locust pardalophora apiculata ( harris ) – coral - winged locust pardalophora haldemanii ( scudder ) – haldeman’s locust spharagemon bolli scudder – boll’s locust spharagemon collare collare ( scudder ) – mottled sand locust
allonemobius allardi ( alexander & thomas ) – allard’s ground cricket allonemobius fasciatus ( de geer ) – striped ground cricket allonemobius griseus ( e . m . walker ) – gray ground cricket allonemobius tinnulus ( fulton ) – tinkling ground cricket anaxipha exigua ( say ) – say’s bush cricket eunemobius carolinus ( scudder ) – carolina ground cricket gryllus pennsylvanicus burmeister – fall field cricket grylus veletis alexander & bigelow - spring field cricket neonemobius palustris palustris ( blatchley ) – marsh ground cricket oecanthus fultoni t . j . walker – snowy tree cricket oecanthus laricis t . j . walker – larch tree cricket oecanthus nigricornis f . walker – black - horned tree cricket oecanthus quadripunctatus beutenmuller – fourt - spotted tree cricket
the largest family of the order , with ~ 35 spp . ( incl . several adventive ) in 14 genera of 4 subfamilies in our area and ~ 2 , 300 spp . in ~ 220 genera of 7 subfamilies worldwide
small to medium sized cockroaches represented in the united states by approximately 40 species belonging to 12 genera . the species depicted below should not be considered a comprehensive list of all species that occur in north america , and is based upon nomina neartica with additional species added as they are found . the name and date listed after each genus and species refers to the author that described the taxon and the year that the description was published . for those enclosed within parentheses , the species was initially described as belonging to another genus with subsequent workers moving the species to a different genus based on an improved understanding of phylogenetic relationships .
american insects : a handbook of the insects of america north of mexico ross h . arnett . 2000 . crc press .
article public
- / / taxonx / / dtd taxonomic treatment publishing dtd v0 20100105 / / en
tax - treatment - ns0 . dtd
laboratório de biodiversidade entomológica , instituto oswaldo cruz , fundação oswaldo cruz , avenida brasil 4 . 365 , pavilhão mourisco , sala 201 , manguinhos , 21 . 045 - 900 , rio de janeiro , rj , brazil .
corresponding author : sandor buys ( sbuys @ urltoken ; sandor . buys @ urltoken )
this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license 3 . 0 ( cc - by ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
nesting females were found at horizontal sites , without litter or low vegetation , on unpaved roads that crossed forested areas . the nests consisted of single celled bu rrows 3–5cm deep ( n = 15 ) , with a narrower entrance tunnel 5–10mm in height ( n = 5 ) . in cross section , the cells were circular with 12–15mm ( n = 8 ) in diameter , and the entrance tunnels were elliptical , the major axis with 9–12mm ( n = 16 ) and the minor axis with 6 . 5–8 . 5mm ( n = 16 ) . females usually appeared on the nesting site between 8 : 00–10 : 00 hrs and ceased activity from 16 : 00–18 : 00 hrs . they commonly remained rested on the ground at sites exposed to the sun before initiating activity , presumably to warm up .
females selecting a nest site initially walked on the ground antennating the soil . they initially dug in several sites , and inspected crevices and other soil irregularities with their mandibles . occasionally they entered nests of conspecific females or , more rarely , the nests of other ground - nesting wasp species . usually , the females dug a number of short burrows before digging a nest . they did not close these abandoned tentative burrows .
when digging a nest a female penepodium luteipenne cut the soil with her mandibles , accumulating lumps of earth in their mouthparts . she then stepped aside about 2–4 cm and tossed the earth a short distance with a flip of her head . a female would dig from opposite sides on the same axis . after digging for a few minutes on one side , she turned 180° and continued the excavation on the opposite side . the excavated earth thus formed two semi - circular mounds around the nest entrance ( fig . 1 ) . females periodically interrupted their excavations and left to gather water , which they regurgitated on the excavation site , apparently to soften the earth .
nesting behaviour of penepodium luteipenne 1 digging of the nest , the accumulated lose earth around the nest entrance is the earth excavated from the burrow 2 stinging of the prey 3 oviposition ( setae in the wasp’s front leg ) 4 placement of the prey into the nest 5 female pushing a prey stuck in the nest entrance , using both the front and mid legs , and the opened mandibles .
female penepodium luteipenne commonly reused pre - existing burrows . these almost always were old nests of conspecific females . the females usually found the old nests partially filled with earth , the remains of prey , and an empty cocoon . they spent some time excavating the burrows to recondition them . although it was not possible to securely define the frequency of reuse of pre - existing burrows during this study , i estimate at least 25 % of the observed nests were reused nests of conspecifics , and quite possibly more . reused nests were recognisable because remains of cockroaches and the characteristic cocoons of penepodium luteipenne ( see buys 2001 , 2009 for cocoon morphology ) were found in the mounds of excavated earth left around the entrance .
brood parasitism in open nests was observed twice . in the first case the female entered the nest of another female while she was absent and found prey items . she reacted quickly , moving her body and antennae , and performed the following behavioural sequence : ( 1 ) grasped one cockroach with her mandibles , ( 2 ) pulled the cockroach outside the burrow , ( 3 ) stung it , ( 4 ) ate the egg of the host wasp , ( 5 ) laid her egg on the prey , ( 6 ) reinserted the cockroach into the nest and ( 7 ) departed . the host female later closed the nest apparently without perceiving the violation of her nest .
in the second case , the female followed the same behavioural sequence described above , but differed in that when she checked the base of the forelegs of the prey taken from the nest she did not find an egg of the host female , she laid her own egg on the prey and departed . later the host female arrived at the nest with one more prey item and oviposited on it . the parasitized nest was thus left with two prey items bearing eggs .
brood parasitism in closed nests was observed three times . the cleptoparasitic females found recently closed , provisioned nests of other females . they opened the nest plug and followed the same behavioural sequence described above for brood parasitism in open nests ( inclusive of eating the host egg ) , with the additional step that the cleptoparasitic female closed the nest herself .
the prey items from 64 nests were collected : 31 nests with one prey item , 23 nests with two prey items , seven nests with three prey items , and three nests with four prey items . a total of 109 epilamprine cockroaches ( blattodea : blaberidae ) was collected from the nests : 19 adults of poeciloderrhis catharina ( shelford , 1910 ) ; 10 adults of poeciloderrhis basistriga ( walker , 1868 ) ; five adults of poeciloderrhis sp . ; 69 nymphs probably of poeciloderrhis catharina ; and six nymphs probably of poeciloderrhis basistriga . morphometric features taken from live prey items are summarized table 1 .
length , width and biomass of prey species found in nests of penepodium luteipenne ( minimum , mean and maximum in millimetre ) .
the duration of the effects of the wasp’s venom on its prey was relatively brief as cockroaches collected from nests just after closure were able to walk . although the prey items transported by females apparently are always under the effect of its venom , suggesting that they sting the prey during the hunt , a female commonly stung again its prey at the nest site before placing it into the burrow . when stinging its prey a female grasped the pronotum of the cockroach with her mandibles , and stung the roach in different points on the ventral surface of its body ( fig . 2 ) . small prey specimens were immediately paralysed after the sting but females frequently needed to repeatedly sting larger prey items to subdue them before ovipositing on their body and placing them in the nest .
during nest closure a female made 10–13 flights ( n = 15 ) to gather water . each load of water was used to wet 4–8 lumps of earth ( n = 15 ) . after the nest plug became level with the surface of the ground , the females usually added smaller lumps of earth , which they did not wet , and then placed over the nest entrance fallen leaves , chips , small stones , lumps of dried earth or other debris collected near to the nest . this made the nest entrance visually indistinguishable from the surrounding soil . on one occasion , a female regurgitated a few drops of water soon after concluding the nest closure , apparently to discard excess water . females never made temporary nest closures . some nests remained open through the night despite containing prey items .
females of penepodium luteipenne drove away other insects , both those walking within about 20–30 cm of the nests , and flies hovering over the nest entrance , throughout the nesting cycle . females with open mandibles aggressively charged small objects ( such as a stylus ) placed near open nests . however , females did not defend nests after closing them . several times nests were excavated to collect the prey items immediately after closure and the nearby female did not react .
the prey species and number of prey items per nest in the tribe podiini is summarized in the table ii . as a rule , podiini use cockroaches to provision their nests , but crickets ( orthoptera : gryllidae ) were reported as prey of trigonopsis grylloctonus richards , 1937 ( richards 1937 : unidentified grylids ) and trigonopsis rufiventris ( fabricius , 1804 ) ( vardy 1978 : anaxipha sp . ) ( table 2 ) . females of the genera penepodium and dynatus , in general , use larger prey species than females of the genera podium and trigonopsis ( table 2 ) .
summary of prey species and number of prey items per nest in species of the tribe podiini .
penepodium luteipenne is similar to some other podiini who do not construct temporary nest plugs [ penepodium haematogastrum ( spinola , 1851 ) : williams 1928 ; podium rufipes fabricius , 1805 : krombein 1970 ] . however , some other podiini have been observed constructing temporary nest closures when nest provisioning is not completed in one day [ trigonopsis cameronii ( kohl , 1902 ) : eberhard 1974 ; podium denticulatum f . smith , 1856 : ribeiro and garófalo 2010 ] . penepodium luteipenne leave their nests open even on occasions when provisioning is not completed in one day .
temporary paralysis of prey , as described here for penepodium luteipenne , has been observed in several previously studied species of the genus [ penepodium fumipenne ( taschenberg , 1869 ) : genise 1981 ; penepodium gorianum ( lepeletier de saint fargeau , 1845 ) : garcia and adis 1993 ; penepodium latro ( kohl , 1902 ) : buys 2006 ; and amazonian penepodium luteipenne : williams 1928 ] . however , species of podium and trigonopsis seem to more permanently paralyze their prey ( podium fulvipes cresson , 1865 : genaro 1994 ; podium luctuosum smith , 1856 : krombein 1967 ; podium rufipes : krombein 1967 , 1970 ; and trigonopsis cameronii : eberhard 1974 ) .
oviposition on the first prey item stored in the nest has been observed among most of the podiini studied to date ( penepodium gorianum : garcia and adis 1993 ; podium denticulatum : ribeiro and garófalo 2010 ; podium rufipes : krombein 1970 ; and trigonospis cameronii : eberhard 1974 ) . only penepodium luteipenne , in this study , and the amazonian penepodium luteipenne studied by williams ( 1928 ) , oviposit on the last hunted prey item .
the stereotypic oviposition posture observed in penepodium luteipenne is similar to that of penepodium haematogastrum , as illustrated by williams ( 1928 : fig . 188 ) , and of trigonospis cameronii , as illustrated by eberhard ( 1974 : fig . 4 ) . however , the prey items used by trigonopsis cameronii are much smaller than those used by penepodium luteipenne and penepodium haematogastrum , and it uses only its front legs to hold its prey ( see eberhard 1974 : fig . 4 ) .
penepodium luteipenne , as well as other podiini ( amazonian penepodium luteipenne : williams 1928 , trigonopsis cameronii : eberhard 1974 ) , is distinct in ovipositing on its prey outside the nest . an exception was observed by ribeiro and garófalo ( 2010 ) who found that podium denticulatum oviposited sometimes before and sometimes after placing its prey in the nest . the behaviour of ovipositing outside the nest may be due to the lack of space inside the nest such that the female cannot assume the characteristic oviposition posture necessary for her to oviposit on a forecoxa of her prey .
placement of the prey headfirst into the nest as observed in penepodium luteipenne , was also found in all previously studied species of podiini ( penepodium gorianum : garcia and adis 1993 ; podium denticulatum : camillo et al . 1996 ; podium fulvipes : genaro 1994 ; podium rufipes : krombein 1970 ; podium luctuosum : krombein 1967 ; and trigonopsis cameronii : eberhard 1974 ) . in penepodium luteipenne , the position of the prey inside the nest , coupled with the elliptical shape of the nest opening tunnel , which is narrower than the cell , apparently aids in preventing the cockroaches from escaping from the open nests after waking from paralysis .
intraspecific parasitism has been recorded for relatively few species of sphecid wasps ( review in field 1992b , see also bohart and menke 1976 ) . however , as more detailed behavioural studies are performed on sphecid wasps , including observations with individually marked females , a number of distinct types of intraspecific parasitism have been found . intraspecific parasitism may be widespread among sphecids , but it currently remains veiled by the paucity of studies . this seems to be the case for the tribe podiini , in which distinct types of intraspecific parasitism were observed in penepodium luteipenne and trigonopsis cameroni , two species with detailed studies including individually marked females .
sphecidae wasps of the world : a generic revision . university of california press , 665 pp .
sphecidae ( hymenoptera : apoidea ) of rio de janeiro state ( southeast brazil ) : inventory of species and notes on biology and distribution .
intraspecific parasitism as an alternative reproductive tactic in nest - building wasps and bees .
behavioral and life - history notes on three floridian solitary wasp ( hymenoptera : sphecidae ) .
die phylogenetischen beziehungen der sphecinae ( hymenoptera : apoidea : “sphecidae” ) aufgrund morphologischer merkmale dos exosckellets .
results of the oxford university expedition to british guiana , 1929 . hymenoptera , sphecidae and bembecidae .
( hymenoptera , sphecidae ) females in southwest arizona , with remarks on digger wasp territorial behaviour .
> stream hvë @ üþc
mè¼ ×h»æ³ñâ ðz7 _ áó = þaøëªîêjhaéwuöeüï3rªóý9ûf & ùåm > 4ûf \ x¢½ < ó >  å < è sk
ryhb õbµ ¡åi : ôiô # è \ ¦pkì < ß } ë¶ @ h )  r ijö @ p¨uðdþd d¦ãüðiââòüsýøeþî ^ } þ ú ß + 3i ©üá33kã¿¿ù÷ _ $ §4 < í3ÿ3ú ( fîßé½ ryî©©¥î ý ¡ke / ñ3 haª } ô äòoâmºª3opæ ( g¨0¾ ; & á ø5 + q2 , ° < ÷ãäjdn7s } ! é57éxñáìkßõíp¾ \ ¤âºj - tåtvdå ( ã . h ³ ; wìäa * 75õ¢u¡ 1 ` à { wz¼k¯ôrö«° zd¯sýpx¯§ : øpý¬b¤ó¿pèt , ¨mæáníû²pçì2 * kë @  kö6 ] 3i < ½ | ¶èyë
í ( ¦6ºãíl \ âðzm æ´8äà¶ zõýt¦ gêh´ \ ëº5®ãt3e
× $ gëªwä¼dà©k7¹th» { ¥ * ¼ä·þ² ²v \ ë»y±a³©e / höæú \ ±õuÿòê¥ ' êvávfïmü4 } óvæûø : 2ê1uz±5 £ùûµ ` q¢ ìb rä¼wãò3ß¼èpæ×² ] iaüïs ^ - þóuhªùÿ·õêm«xb - wd & öæ uom * § \ y¿ . saªµu»ñx¯ßä . óâæºyniúçú³5¹îôy¯¾ó @ h !  ` ` u . mþ ! ~ çää z¦ ( p ) ýúlîÿ 0· = £ endstream endobj 26 0 obj < < / length 800 / filter / flatedecode > > stream hvm0üüôó®ôºþ··v ] i¯u { a¸ éjûëëà÷ jòk ` xì { 3 ûîþç«  # ê | õ } 2¯êì . ì¡ê«qøû4üætéáîtxápmm °¼d4c , « ~ ¡²à + s ° [ ÷û¶ l×ßvùu & òuþþöûlh¢4í9 + þå5vxé ÿþd hîx¸údþgèîm = & ßm & ×sÿ @ cÿãn¡ # zâpp»ë <
xaûbû { 7 ) ü = à8 - qx×îð + \ t \ ëy04 õµ = ©äk $ âb % 8¨ycprêjcp¢u¬ , êq°ëÿõðô8u / nðaº . ù0òö¼ãezèõ³ÿya¨ \ © * §àg , eû ) ñkò1óâìöûky£ ( a ` ¸ºá ¿ +  øµ \ / l9 # | ¯g ) ¯85z¾ì \ zyú \ gy¿ :  §öw [  @ î£ | ©ü®i \ õîø¦ & fo ; w  ^ zõ ïì | ì (
ë
/ íìòêcejø¾qm·ï¶³ýygpåöóîà !  = çju ! ( jqaowßíæö¶m·0ï¢sèùk× cwÿõûãïhxâå4aæë ´ = 6írúk + ksèóý - áèja4½á * on ½ýu´í¸e , iiã4h4tí¬á× æ ) h´ïêjïf7¿±r×n , âjkqz ] ãæû bâ ^ kndí : e÷ . ½ . , = ôdà @ zc : ìlµvég c , ¨ ¥ãxþý¡wïçñum * ÿ»¢ð | nu _ «ýüòäääåoòþ - % ¶à g & ë³ó½
> stream hvûó0ýüc ±fæwóhë hô²mw7pªöëqì°rmxyãñø3 ~ u íñu½øqz±¬ ^ óz ôª ^ «rô¥ > ? ®÷sh 3ú± - °´b +  @ ø _ íq½obã÷ ! sp§ ( zt uäìéóó¿û j´jø ~ ã # «òoõ»ïyu _ å ? ä±é e·ù¬çuqþ * q ( ä \ áç u³àj ; pìð åïîm % q < á \ ôpº * õãá « , µ§»ýï - fi¡° : b , ¤ß ) a : ¤cþ | kjªt ' bcþpßè÷tzvñàòí¿ ^ \ ¿£µ´ . ek·ÿòê ó > ázß ( àoimðqsv4åô æfimå e mð6 ` ¸ñz râëlhª ` ù»bú ìgz÷½vxit péà \  # [ sa4å¾èña ß7ôsîj
»a£9áswý«ä¸u7 _ 9¯g¢ } yù÷ld ^ þoï°ójgïðü2rb c´w¨i¤³w¥lõ¤ úªö % ý½¾oè ) þ¤æ . am½ùøtôt [ =  cèj ^ 4ûý | ¯¤ìkjðôjêxþf¡jé¬q¤l > îmäès¿kï6m÷°ovåùc÷5rèxeòûíè5ái9 $ áýä óhí  * ý . 7§õôduþp @ · \ ä & yn ; ¹ôíó¸ovª§e· = ¶ûóôa2 ^ bn¹kv % xï³þsï ( mt > ¦ : îc ~ föñìvëò ãqmàñ & \ ¹1 $ iéçñgaä = ; ß35·ëßn ` aì©íáp ´ % ´òô®þóõrûeê¼ã | ç _ 3¼p÷ïâú¢ | ´ ( òb ©þ¶myïsx¥wóqtí7â ~ dólêâ ` äë¿ ñm endstream endobj 28 0 obj < < / font < < / f5 56 0 r / f1 57 0 r / f0 58 0 r / f2 59 0 r / f4 60 0 r / f8 61 0 r / f6 62 0 r / f3 63 0 r / f7 64 0 r / f10 65 0 r / f9 66 0 r / f11 67 0 r > > / xobject < < / im609 68 0 r > > / procset [ / pdf / text / imageb ] > > endobj 29 0 obj < < / length 4812 / filter / flatedecode > > stream x \ ûrû8ýÿ ³uc ®¼ì
åærsòí¡ ( ýo # ~ ðlp ðæ / §v £bíváºedku³¯ï¡îáêßdn | ñ [ - ¦aüõúåû : + ÿü ê² ð , áè % t [  ? ! ßphépìyõ } 1 $ hâòxîi ( è0nyow > üõ6û ? f û¥òðnxdêú $ wñ±zÿî ? l ä2 > ñº0 } * º & û¾7õ¿d7ñ³ñ81x¿¯ädåöþ $ 4åã¨i # û²mñ¸t5¶ 1 ] æàh '  ( å8hìý ; k¶eùp - ' &  # c¥ [ / ç ¨áü3·¸ªå¡p ] 7ìa @ å ~ þîb & öz8oý¾jåeµàå» 6só§÷â ñ ï ! } ìëçüþ n½v 3¯b6v¿§0ó6û½ìqaf ^ ( a   âbù2eh½æÿ8h¨ãjó $  ; zxùÿå +  ) ªn ! ãò¤dsb«pù»c§0îôø  , mw . 4 [ / ² °ýàvð«ã - ¯g ] õåa [ l ` . ºø47òsà¼ { ú n¥« * frn8vs = ? ú = ridbödåñ¼þíù¬§å | sëo×a âw ? qn9l \ cþzu0gçu¡k«ùáoskòijh ¾é¾y¬dèç { ^ bê ®uìs7¢k á tu¥ìï6§â ^ n39éb¨zef6vñºkd
lú¿pé â4ç ; ¦x¯ëôâv ( $ â ; ê , xqtêù æ ùg f³åèo6gçnl0 6¢röu ïbc¸j + û [ oöþù . ã eìtsöífª qn¨ > t¨¿tõ¡µiííãë¦t
îékï19¾b³o ätù %  { ! u÷¢ f»û¨ø $ ¦7eyfá6ãt ¦c : ¥
¸i¤kíøor $ ö xêg×ti
æ ^ ï½¨¿qyå® ~ î : + ¼r ) ) ä )
¾¾t¼ã ' å ` ñ¤ % ïð | ÿxo5·s ' i¬ [ ^   = ¸w { gäç8îx3m4beyz0áå¶9ik ~ àãs # xæb - 6 ¼m¡«¥è / ÷ò6»l  ! wñáp ' s¼×qdvè¤· & * . ï7iw [  cb & ¶¯ * baðë¬¡ ncw¬öí & vz ; ` tá2x òüè @ ªóqp ¬ êplº * ff¢ò¹è + ð  åâ * ªüq \ w¥bx§ t¸çqi # = h [ ég¤mjfù¬6¢ / ½ü rvfl \ ·»ö°t % nbï = ¼ _ % eu¨ iñ ' a ^
_ oïgàx» tþtî ! ¿û¢ië»mþa«be¤v¤ ! ¤áä ; á0u , ¸ @ måañ : ' óê
·udû ] 4 ; = dl4½ âòxj»ñxj2 . òt [ z¤¦ ` ï ? ¥s¨¦ % äykfdîê \ ààx¬di ~ ` ý®è¨ ã½ < èµ < )  èr ) á ^ oãvaae @ hñ© ! tø1hesâí *  & j > øð8å $ øãúîñf²ztöá = ¦ej $ a ºðùl ` ôdógwªð \ . àqû ? « ] ³þn óé @ niòäx # è®³p : ¶lá & ærjò¾f ú¨ìo´ , úo¡m6 p³ vøyæòöa ñ % lê ìm¡7sbñôúné¤ú§°bªma \ ë¤w1î¨ñk < ðßëîkcé \ úq·u28vñl
@ # ³ø½  [ º d | i bæi´½ : ð¥0 ` [ rè < â ; s¼1 $ 7kòø¼ð > \ 7pl ; ¯
m©1qò } ¢ n1týó27¥4 : ÿa¢îcì»uhüx±ätä7 ? bä´pf3©åï·xñe ! háläwö $ ûúað×yõêm8góidßp3£ } mþ pòo¶y» & ã * × ´øq·¾ # 7é = ûi ; ®f¼»p | ã ö : ¸´¾®g c
ïwkaâø5èsã < ê : õlí 9î  % úû | gxûöâùk³ ? ¤ û ! ¸ñà
y§ # ät é . *
åíå¦ < ` atð | m [ w»c¹©a ´îè (  ~ ù¶þíêê¡qhp§ó¹âr / raó ñ ? n % ) ó kád ? òhâ $ æ©ªà¥dìÿamóã¦üu¸ra23¥õpõºükb / ù < + ýçc¯à ¹ [ % s } îs¹ ³é ! ëó´üg0ßâu5 ( è©ñæoçþñrææ²û¯mcåû±rîá 6ûçñrþ£òj % 1òólöýéüí / åm } ( ¶äf ` e0õìwû | soö§¾ã + · $ r ^ ' i¬ © ` elaõ ©¿ ! $ fb . ÿ g¤î¡þý ^ ùà¥rmêëà { è p°oï6 % iø (  > . 5z ! omf ïâ # õèóõ . ðç * x $ . 1á ` üýf8çwjcrq \ b42d2d¨¡öã08fb sdg¢û¢2 [ ï´³ * [ ëþ + ówösíbã¡nò7ddùêø6¤j : 3gâ¼ ' 4§ $ ±¨«v [ îrx åú×
q9  1àfk«c¸ú ¸ão¬ ] ¦dz¥ : amjè } ýv»ôy < k©¶rv·íõkkvòàjîf ëð <  xbè5áûòêí®cír ìüµ7 % ñ
¯î½ùlê ] ssö - ö7t9 % ¢ . ÿ bñhvi ! ²ofhãóß ? ô©á§ \ £ópì -  \ pçc³4ßórs¦héÿð < ø´jøeea ¯xùþ§7i ] å9x {  [ ù¥j _ r $ è . = gp < h¢³la qíûj¿ïa % h8sìhy© ' ] fflàa / û0 ( õ¢ñp - d / ëçò & r * hj8è lé & _   _ úpîîëi÷hôré | ü°¡xí¦iá % ã ·y { ×¤7± d +  . æk \ ¥a3øü - ñzòclg±îã¾ : þ6ím = lg¤g· < n # á = óìq , bná ) ö¹xvmu³m = ±cr * äã sýw³¥xðí®in¯öåãáøö»û§ ) ¯hªâõwy , íïú } ûzc a ~ é & ke ;  `  < ý
( r < ÷þõ7 ? ú0wåå : gvîöe¹ù½þq¾ ) a¸z 6leg \ ®ã ; ©ô . oæåü¢ ' ö¡èî ` àöq÷ø6ûrh ´ãh ÷× ? üâu ¡òÿp¥þ . 8pc > l¡ \ a ¹öþ÷jaþ£ ¼  ? ´g ´ ) ? üå©d ` þp4¾ ç¾÷ýbîq àv·õý ] eãâcýç¼oa2ò ` ·lðæ9zeãèäðõ , éãläî } 4ñûr . uô8 + w ' ö¥y×
% ! î¢ñd ?  ¼us¢nvv÷ , í¬45ësüo
ãeª / òðî¼½p ! þæv çð + ºà×e¯ , lad× hþöàq¸ºb³f % î4£ý8fëôh ! fòó - ¶æ ô < t ` õòidão°³¼zðë ` [ ç ) ß¼ ¶ > » ) o² '
p79éò¼eíj òì = òå²90üog â××ý× _ ñ \ l , w } 2xéôô , \ óé ~ & % jã nèûõrpx ûò¡l7í¡×åçi ` í2ðomk¥ $ : c ~ ¾ , ûfcíavö¸zl > ; ? 4 ] àn6k»àfå ( sôþy1x ~ ²láþ1 { ÿýz [ ¸wlà / oüðzk½r8 % mbôäøã ¶õðäý²ü÷m _  = # } ä¼u³ñãê [ íþ÷å¦g©d6¸ l + òt 8ð ] q = ½ùlú > ù @ åsµ¯×ç§à»ý _ n ! , ±l { a÷wòíðå ) $ . qx ºðî ¡7 ) à7røâ»êýoås {  + è ìéáæºþö é ø , bºáù°x¾æåóïñæ ) íðeº , n ( : íºèëáv4î ` â påf ; n \ { ¹ } âví»gèþûû > ±onncûïø¬ ` ª2ýý - s± ' bôx9ø íw½7än
p - þr¹°a  $ úæk  \ zôf÷6á ] ( à÷ºm«ûcoëpp8®êçàê¦´oø , ®æ _  } _ ¬±9 þ×wé±·óÿjù¤í endstream endobj 34 0 obj < < / font < < / f5 56 0 r / f1 57 0 r / f0 58 0 r / f2 59 0 r / f4 60 0 r / f8 61 0 r / f6 62 0 r / f3 63 0 r / f7 64 0 r / f10 65 0 r / f9 66 0 r / f11 67 0 r > > / xobject < < / im612 71 0 r > > / procset [ / pdf / text / imageb ] > > endobj 35 0 obj < < / length 6324 / filter / flatedecode > > stream xµ ] ùü6ýýcf ? © # \ õxipü0¡íºek # õ´ # & üâêbuñîlvç
ü01 _ 3 ? 7 { áädäpã² @ ¸¸ë¹kþëô² ! daþ©isiþ¯kbàßëõâéßúueùâåðä ? o _ = á«íé
ûïíýú \ ² , * ýòzÿ«·ìêóùÿúãéß ~ æþáöþ×n / j¨ \ \ -  < ýyøëâê7xjÿëñïìrêñ - vð§ 9þôïâíøþî \ öb / x¼ÿðîêý½ { ¼øçñïô²bã³ú á { âùg ß \ ½ øèuåà¢²o¼ þàþüèvü . ½z ¬ } å ^ + uk¥ îµ ® ^ ¿ { õêcð = tdè * úi©ìóyz½º¹c¥7 ïqûàô , ¸c½oöx¾úü « ~ ýÿo8¨î ôv«×«v¿×wpcõ1ûè7ç7·e» ^ ð \ ªñîhãê $ §íq [ jwtêq ' µunû¡»í¶ýfù ûý7· ] jcv×oóæ ô×§4xî×¿ÿã ov q¨i8p¨p ( ¼xî * éîùh°ø { ÷çñø8lâqb . õçá¬ > > náie¢ö§¹n . ×bj59 ã4¹ãô , > §x =
¾æ ú / ] ¿zåns£¸ ( § 7 µa° ) î îrêäydú , i »hñóòùíð9¹»yíóh * iù
bkårëa¾ ^ yeo jçwpôê× ) 7±æm o¥ dsåæî20oùòãí°ù²þñ5w3f ] üü®3zr ) wñ9 . > l÷íæ®»ùª³ ) ¥ % 8ò6päîæåò×ãnvqzn ªö ïdå5uh ^ láéâùô + ²oã¶ï6ûvõïàeiëbtµ·ýfóv®¡ ; ² ; 4 % % 9ãþ±jç ( r¡¨êæïý¾ûö«vó¹ãå3§o×ú / íÿfz« < < « ` gpüèhh
x 5qú / $ ®æñê3ytß¤ : gü¸²yý ^ ÷ûv > a + £ïüv _ ÷ ~ ³ïvû ~ óåô5º7 c³6k @ jwláå×y³v : ûvëý ! t ðviah ôß ^ lpªi ' kíüepzû¿ìwûm } ø÷ã & çýô ¤vtµ¹ó < j18 ` íï ! ·4ô9ä tpíèýqþõ÷° + s»l¿ñ¾ðåû ~ ó¥ $ û¤ - ( 1 $ 5 «sdixcn } ½xenõoæ öýièyømözå : ¥h + §h > ¾÷aaé8æü¡ { 3õo»ãò÷væw . rnxxª } ¢b¦ö
«i¥½yýù³
÷csçehnë8c ^ úî±jgw×ì¸£ô8ý¢·lì²àìä ò ' $ 6
ãõ½s ûõ¦ [ ûq > | ößûõå¤üh : âäûórîú . / ºs÷òq ôfó¯áä¥ó ` wv $ ¯6¨îã±ý ' d¾u²eßáíj : åwâvíæ¸ù ð³ãõf¡ùhëplq³ràçdcxëãq2îì¡ázne - û ~ å ! å < c ûôí , ¡ùò0pàiøìæ±fñ¸ >  ^ úþ²ð # 3äíf¥rérô , ã 2¡nt ( ê¶ýd¥z ` npê¥glârcwí $ õ ( ^ ! tkêñô8 $ : ¼§ý ) p¯è [ dç6n < £³1é \ ýä´wyno ( ³1 ] pó . ~ 2¶ \ tãy ·ëðá $ z¿át½ß < ºëîtó àðýðù×ðì8üg¦ ? ã { fóóî«£rüðb§íæ ³påræ7u ? nl±
ç òð $ båí¡ë ' né1ättî & x ; ¹bd°§¶¿ !
8f \ iâyðog6ryy÷·ö ` ç© y $ z» ) ¸ègèó¯nb , ; ¥ $ 8 , õôðíâz²ga mwváì¢ëa - 9eø ¦á¶o ` ÷±nvw§ã â1t / k ) * ¿âfæí½ñ± - »x4 . whß [ nüð¹¿ñ ;  ãî ` úfrø áþ7fýùqñd , $ n  4îê ( é ( dïp ) bµýî # fuðvwíºb | baöwêáäy @ aÿ7dkój²° % â
qd ` áô7 ` äöõp ° | à3n· ; º¯ / æááã ' º bi÷õëtgèrnxsd¯h , 1ðüf¥¸mi % ñpíd¾ãíà ¯ðâ9mð _ o ' àøtævì ( æqè¯æèßx°á ' ð£ìèµxå°qøpvgì ` ½å ; d ïhèºè ~ ~ - æï¸û¥ ¡ »þl ø0pñq ål0ðþrµu
/ àô8îàîaójfé , ªí»ëì } éòú ~ õ£ ` z¢d§sp¸ùåqæ²g¾ôèohh ± < ç ` çûí¾kèg - ¼ [ bee ãsòëã»a»hgtyu _ l ? ù = 7êçôíc×îîò8 / 9n9úýå | êý - ögïrê³ì¸ + äs vbm1ä = × 0´â28ókb´èïáðµpj # áw . ²y > k¦õn
gðó } b àü | g q >  ð8è ^ ìé6ôaküç ~ êëuìr _ nkü @ é¡qôá í /  | áß´»õ ~ kq % ¾8³ú ~ üütíá ) r8ç¾h @ ll» 6ýï £ñ ] øm0 »yömdã ( ü1ýü ? àsaì ? ¸ôÿ¹ïòì * ª
r ; o8éä¨ % wåëã¾¡ùd / õyyç ¥ ;  _  0 ~ ûå¤üa ®êäâ = ^ ^ å¿ ) oìçåük ] » ) wággf½úzöíêtì ß $ û¼o¤£àéà®ûxäúfa { ó & } lfj´ åfåø1ýt·ùnî®s } ø4fä ^ dºñäaon !  ( a = i9åmùc¨ßhå· ` oêýög£e º %  # ³ ) ' 2àú»öþ byë ò ¢ýû²g w
sôa ' ú \ ( ¼ii¶ > ôðg¯u¨g ~ lgñúúbw²3íýæ ? p¡é hs¿yr¼5 & $ pçb $ f / 0 ~ ± . f & ë rj¨ + à©iâ t 3û
hnhúþ¥àu
y ! ßpzûkhîó î : t7wåf { sµý ! ½ú¥ûðûr ! ¹¨ / þîfe5ê . t¿ê ` ¤ò ¬ò³dà
`  > âjñ \ m % à9rîwó¡ - ½z0z yfcd ( rh | 9ö¦h3¶© ( 6ôêý9lmî + ï [ v8¯¢à : âq $ õ7µó | §l [ ÷ $ ³ð¦´b·ä¾þîtag * sÿµsãâqa b¡ögþëz¿÷xõ ; t _ z¥
ù9théð5ò¶þx¼ý¥r²¦qw  _ ó ) ¡ ñ3ø³uv¨ ' cýûuyq ê4î # n | daäp÷ùº¾®62 cïuæ²x @ õáån : ¸øûðåf 9ºs1ó×õê¬þ ªý¡þtôib1ûq¼ÿ1óx . dû = ~ ï ' 4cïe _  ; * ! dñh¾ù¬jºyr @ ci > æì¬ - d ! íü | ·yn¿j { 8fÿpm6û»õ å¦¦rbñ¯ { èåæ¢m = rùßg + ð®ëöêmµùgëj8¦r©q . ÿ ^ ×å×µk0èñlô®õ¼®vëûuiäýò2vjv z3´îãic > <  ´x ) ºªbzîëîe / ¥joìô¬à @ ñò : ñðä * ¨fi > õ ^ © ( úãç£qô w > bq ` ³ð¨¤nt4ñb6y ] th¦×¼ { ©ì @ ) ¨mø ` b # püä çfÿäñ ( x¼¬×ôihy ) ãíkye | úú¡øäåººù×«ãôzðf£øc ` é ^ ßqieù ' ¡ ai44dncöá @ ic ôq *  ~ 3e < ìag [ v vê¬ : ï§åwïû¥wzì¤ q × $ ? - ¦2ïow×u zt # ð &  - ! ó¥ ` ýjû #  çòc % ~ ì fãàphzv3 | k ( ôêü¨maáwèhý ? 9 ! a + z6úûg»kï¾¼ãçu + y0gbõbtpäáa3àªàór¹«wõvwür¡ : aîe¿ñ¶zq } m´g÷°îáø ( - | ~ òsâ !  @ d < â¾ @ iþv / | °£ ; ^ x ] ¯4 ~ bgæ½x¦âî , å¢åïå¾®öõ·ý×4 ^ æðâ @ ! dbcûo îvíu¯i·  ¤kè ' 0 ~ ¯a4¨pûâ õq tc
1ýå ! ña / qjdh \ k¡t  : ^ s±þ7 } â - ö < y2ü ±öö ð
x9 ¤ $ â28 í @  \ ¿ãæxn + l ¸1ð _ þ ^ l÷ëqní îxªp cò¡z ] rlhdx¸vxé±ur $ £ñ» ä ` öåýoaßbaajêä0bák ! ìå0¯3ôdác  & & ê½ôù ~ ²h¤ûøs8n * v×oap¢z¬®u ( 3x°¡2kv àìh´ gü  : ßöõu @ r ] ¿ ¤ã àð ; z²y  : g©jäa :  + nzcù iap ` áñhj°ø5¢ * ñ
óz¿©®  ï·õ§ ¦°ì¥
xwb¸k¿ku ù ^ c } . ¤m²8 c½ßõþòuª¼ øõºìþí |  . æzà 4ß®öõð - ar 4xô ×7 ; ÷rò # kð @ î # y0 à¾ _ ] ^ ¦¨kè»ô ! 1¤æ > ö > áp©ö | µù¯a«ô° } ng [ aççñªjý4 ªkf¹ $ ídörw©óoc ìt û / f÷õâ©¶ , noóq å®¦g , èãäv . ð * uì h· = ] y´þ½3üÿ ` ¤ý { ÿe @ îþ± & ú endstream endobj 46 0 obj < < / font < < / f5 56 0 r / f1 57 0 r / f0 58 0 r / f2 59 0 r / f4 60 0 r / f8 61 0 r / f6 62 0 r / f3 63 0 r / f7 64 0 r / f10 65 0 r / f9 66 0 r / f11 67 0 r > > / xobject < < / im618 77 0 r > > / procset [ / pdf / text / imageb ] > > endobj 47 0 obj < < / length 6939 / filter / flatedecode > > stream xµ ] [ õfþüyy ± } \ 7ªö ` àfzã± ~ q´sé9æ×oõqeºtyt á1fòieå = ¿lýórb ! 4»ðÿ«y ( ãþmáüs¹¾xôc·öü ^ < û > ú¯go¯ é«ý£áeý ? w q»p ] hiü = èê & \ võùòÿûg ? ¾ ` ¶ÿïï ¹ìýewwëgßþpqõpûóå¢òõé ) áæ /  _ t§¿òlq9âüß ] ²e - ôé®7o _ _ ½þß×o§ý ~ ú3 _ è ; á ' o¼ { yõ < ¹ã ü¡l¸c * ýßñ : ¹ôeø³±5 \ êdéõ¯éµïãc + # ãµâá±o¯ ~ } ýæêùûäþ ] ´uç % ü = þ @ éµüôççw§u»×r§åþßªä´äbñ§ % êí¢j ~ ÷§ðzµinë3 # ñåurû ? ûbý«q¸ñãfxµ»ä±¨4ð£çæôù«ýa +  /  - * ½ô§ðgk @ bd t§¯t { é¯fuý _ ýny»i»rr
à3k + { êp±nï ( 7 ! krmq® \ íy ãuû¤z máj + ªknzªz¦óüæ ®õêôâ @ µ»f×åtó µ . ×èk2°¿ú¡ d * ( áà6x¤ûäé . ðg # ¼ > ºÿ
 } dmëãiêìéþhö ] »j ? ï ? v + joe8à y æp * ' sî¯©òâýcàzlz ) ¥æêe ) ! e , x < & ã > ¶í ädýuqh ) õ : pz¸öºj _ uk ; á @ 5g¤5c < åè9 ) 5æ - a¶c·ï ! à  ( ºkÿ ! ý©h # ýëueýíõuû7fuúxgxzàoëpfë â«djh§æ¦t½ìéß4î½«·1½k9 / trhå¥
òjd q [ h§b3lýù7m { ko¯£xø8ªf . èvàanhç ¤ / fedz4î5è
ãê7h8uì _ hú2ãòáëë£fsvå§ì¿düz²è üzáuû7ºezá . ©¡q & ´ ïu ] ä3öi ) äzcàá ù3m & v ; diîºíí * åé } ©øòÿæhpnýãüúâí \ ¿ % £ñ r uãóø32kò ~ ô¿dùe¢ðãþô ? úõj } f [ p0 _ ò ò = ö % q | egñ¹¯ñtyìækåjgú ( ¢ ê ! þ» xþï9z°ðäw  #  >  ô4ãàæô¤i©¶¿h¥ãíäàwö½ uìx & px ; êäôw 1bsëîãæ²apç : £¯än9f2øsâ ` ç¨d _ °x±g¯é  ] ¾ã2nõxnvb9t´öùôîýû5æåa . 1 _ ®c80ê°áàëôç2pà ! £by¿ýít - 4é¡ðâ7áuø + ïë ¯²ü¦ ` õ2 + h ¿ ~ ô· : tß ã { ð¬ ^ » / åà¼ö # ñ % 4±p % ¹fâssv0töîù & 8àém < a - ëóóâf | 95ø :  - ô ~ } üÿðáôìáòé¡ )  & v8 ; \ : ãçãw6jwyïzcyçp ) ¹ ! . õ64¤f¯âø©oæ ` 1raúåm _ áhø _ ëbózmóyãôìoá¶ õ zdn3ûöãî8·
¨ïløïùenoð§aj¹þòdüâîð } éó³¸ [ # ~
+ í è1sê = kàó¨z ` ûvý´n÷ç | v ~ ãõdqåôëwû³v _ obüú»¬ø¯×ypîqed¬à # sºõ . ` æbüxócn <  . à öù < ï | iòtx
â ' jàëibòløý crjq [ îòcz lz , 9lo ~ í7ùö ùö % - aöjñ± ^ §ïwjaw % êúçqf´ãm ~ 8ùìtìwþã2ãa º¯7»b±ùz + l8m ! ×å2û ñê¶ < ¡àg < ¾x & ±fwd± } ý ( g _ ós¶ãè + ¨ðä ^ öi©©2iueó , äüj °÷¢ê + ªjó ~ ¨íp * swìr¿ ~ ç¡ðè¡ ^ òxåósjìet ~ ·ï7yûzáëe $ i ` ³t½ì ' 4â ! ; r | fe } ùø 7  @ ió > t cytæ3e ' ¸j
: ¬v ÷ôqº % q©¾±o ¡nnú ` ·ùüïvéé©æá4»oyáødèj1üupïì¥²6d þd¯á½¡ $  # äüôóçó7æïã v© / ç = . cû¦ ! = àp # ¬ . ! yx } áªðíùf¿n·ñòútb óå§bþp róhð  |  óvmfiv£ðr9j÷ µ3cãñ¢½ * áiu0á / »ý®h¶õëv ( % êd¾ûæógin£ ? ç£aüª \ ××ü <  ! x»joñ ` * ôw ×ý©ýyû $ 5ù3øé×eóîã¼ ' zãv4pniù ¿ ? $ ¶ äjûú ] emðëi / óejmè hô9 - óo§ã * âzª 0od»ïú
iwöú } ¹òïùcvdûycq < ; % s ( 5òckò + çª $ ½z % a± ) oh4n µd ì # óµ | © \ jo }  = n3dd ó ( êdý . ðbw , áä·tµu ` ánûù * ý . ³å % eäm # g¢ / ¢´ð5öxa % «ð°èw¿¦ìxîa¦zï c ?  & õè«1ºñ > ñ ë
= x¨°ßû  dì1brê = ð í6 % eè | } ¹¾ _ å 21¨þ ; çá & 9 ë jig < ìãgè
| ©àdûwù wlé¸spk°ê - ã }  ; wë äèh¼z = / òe / rÿõ¯9¸tk¬ ¬2d¥ & ãó§c´o &
â3jp | ¬y ` »× $ d²ý < ° ~ èü opíaãè1½ùªâ * ¤udõþwaòjxtwk¥´rôð
rvv²ânch + 1drnzyëc ! êôfåìð¬s¦¼côóé '  f æêá }
¥ómzäd _ ´²è¹b  % ~ a¿r¡5 é¾ ruz1 c \  & öiw¥9®kùk§ªx¥òc©ªz³û ; æïsòjúß¸ ] r * l»¿ªb > imêlåpþå ( b zù«ï¿ } ý ( xv´î @ ( gx4 )  @ iåé \ ^ åy & ) gåì h & òv¹ . üóîz $ y³
míoí : £ ] g ` üç  ) í ( ! äa¦´¸¤±»×ámµå°ký1 ³¾áp¾ ^ å % lj9mf¸ % ' ð¡ gi ! ç õè0 i1 $ â9 íó }  `  | 7u % r ? ö ( ûe ) ´ : þ } ýàü @ fü cô ] êj÷am¸ > ø¯ gó£¨é7 _ lã ñ ,  bã ) 3ïº - = áî ätèþ¤´ò } > ? ù / ã & l ; } # ûb = uqä à0¬vä = 2uè { u * uëðv¾p } ®£ , 1 ë9å ! ° # ¿§u¾ ] cd
ñggþíî´ = úñ - j $ ªh | z5¼t ] e¼ ö + > räíê puèú ! ßì < = òýé qj1éç [ ëû¬à [ %
ìtòyxçïôl > o rüïã¡±ýôvä $ ¦åxâõegô9é¾m0epbp1¤ô < sý1ëíº + óv / 7d / c è
¡âf¨ôwêç§ág ) g¸éêmæm < ¡ { ] ql÷7 ] $ ðb·2ys - âöcÿú iô ] * æïrv > mªhãóß¢ìdl5õpcá± , 4s¥3wáøùøõaoôû : kx¯ ! â¥fhîg¹ª3½ã ª ] lõ sk¿0bbyú3brbü ~ 1h ; êõ * báôiºxe°z ö / ¦ªò³û ] ïèø²¤oæ® fnêûçxë : í¯â îüô ) ézóü7×3¯ / ì f } ·æìbsþ ±ën7ù¯«¦u # ª¡yçyg : nîû \ ã¬wèp <  < ·æ $ sc3 xõù¬ðquó \ ´ê ] àýzøâýøù 4u  ! áz % « á7 ) 8a `  # òó£ çà ; ütíc¦ÿ®í r ~ «ù > l0 ó´ø9 . þtè / ³ , e ( áñôóssx8olïtõíì w | ³ï + î´zhrã¸ : ûfÿkê ! ômñj [ »oòíaóîoµheoégy£íbôíyl { ãè
 ] ¤âú5ì· . óó [ ²rvêº4ïrs > ¾näw \ rfº¢át9 _ = . ©iúé } j ^ f } tü6 * ºj¼ súänf¢pã9ò ! áßç« ? hùz & ýélçl° ( º [ o & è¿nä4 - ! f¨u \ ãe @ x¿ú ,  < rpt©0¢¸ðöëåóm5äö©jàûäý6 ? ì7fy } l¥ ojððô # rñëàz5¯¹þo - 8 y«hþs é úwæ ] ðyàíf & l ; ñ \ j1mïþ3é£r { # õiö· ? cbxyræ¿ ? nç»faª×¡8¬ûê¶ûããúkºít ` ! kýc _ @ s¹ + ëb©î + k > cùäíyº8 [ ï¶kkëohl°dumòm { lã«jé zcoê ( . uh ] : §ïaeñ¶x ) f i³ôe
f sg ¡4k¤¦yçô¥yñí¬âyuür # e < 5 / ^ ³ôhý4è©öaäô6¯ýfwøãe ê¯¹« ( ©k ] : ®áöõòóóâ
óuââ ó b chª2¤´i¼v ` dönú¯
ãc & c ; :  ï× , ðäåá ( õhj * èæñ÷i ^ < ä  . à  , j  n8õ / éxvêr¸öz _ ñ3çpñ } nÿ \ ·w½ * , r¸f { t1þç ! o¡ $ ïø { ¤b9õêbwîzy 7 [ °öeªév $ i£h½£ðä `  ? ì % zð½ ( d1 - ¤jú¢ $  [ ôy°ûìmüìeùíxá×ô - ê \ ý ^ ¯ä® ~ 6  ämdöù²ié ^ ( sa & t ; ! lÿîfù«  ] uwº¤pñ _ ×ðùî ! jpþ * wçééûý7ßfqi - ãä ( ªâm± ; îâsáuuuóãæ , òv¥
èþþaz ; íò6 § ] nnòã ! ÿêï % ¡ëòslíòq } y3ï¶ÿ b z¼ ~ súköëq wåfp³óæ ] ôfþ¸î·bwóü ^ fàþù°µór ~ ç¡ë8s û } ÷®£
åô½7 5 ^ ) tâ4dowvufí¼ \ ë2d * = ¥ao ` §òíæm2ã ^ âàöö6ætkªwªn @ < 5 upô®îöp & ò¯âéx - cýt³¬ë ~ i¬ãd¢ãûê : éºò % wgõjl _ büî ? f \ z . õw ^ ( 2þcøt § ·òâ¥ * ©§ lbæ $ äetð´ ] ú [ © * > j·öäï¶5wyºí¶ª ( zåºxò¾ýn 7 c¸60 * åj57l8ca ýy·ñþ . %  : õér¢¨¯ # õµµè uð ô4 »ö , éòæåmjêýªùýúbýuj¶ )  ( ñ . ý·«õ . ûmwç³ü | äüðçéydðòäïrgüâ÷týgresä %  / ¸qæübìâ = ¬¯£¾ »cñ - õþ¾  ; çðèeä¥ , x \ & í¿ëíbî ) q÷ýºcy½äm * gá / áæp¹hø»ól¾nýól§þ7 úïrêñuæ® a + wîn ? } þðöw¢¯¸åê°æ
ãló | ù¶½ ( ub½ kð g ~ aò @ me { §·ûf83 e : û ) ×÷ï±ìúõ6 åñùeÿ27 | óè , çt / ¡§1¶û & ðjêºá { ©úõam3 óíiw :  ? ôwð - ¦ + v§åjçg _  îcç® báxìö ì8§år < îé óeðÿd¡æ¾n§iâ < é ìþïfö¼µgíyõ¡êàõ³foÿåp kxìuß
> / xobject < < / im621 80 0 r > > / procset [ / pdf / text / imageb ] > > endobj 53 0 obj < < / length 5582 / filter / flatedecode > > stream xµ ] [ û6²þó ¦òäteüa } 8 ' vâøøþýsªüâñð3 < ñh³d¯óë ñ  ; µu ^ ë  @ £ûë { ï¿ .  + cè¥û & f ; ¥ ýûøs } yñ } { ¯»üiwñ ? oß ] ðëwýåxñðgw { ¡øvär ²öeïnü²w . þöçå÷ïé¥ÿñáâþ±·¸© . ß / 0þíå»ÿ§ì ? þ7 % ze¥tï¡÷¶ / º
+ mu¿ìòù ~  ýõÿ6ë < èèðà«goþ¼ø1û ( ] eòg + ã¿ùöù«ä£oûßz§ç¶tÿä üçn = ¶ò 4ª > hwªá±ÿ } ùâeôüðûù»ékñõ2 { - t¯lt - éñ½è8¹ ! xÿß» & út×ÿfv { ü½èh6lfo§wò ) + ätûyñãßß¾þýíâcÿßöä9õûzzo®ûzûfoûþæú + # + ê ? huìyæ ( ^ u½ $ ) ë·ewj¥
îëkà·ôhùçüõ { þ ? ìºf = ¢cs¦ä3ø®ù×±ù âï ~ qð1wºý * 1 < ½i¾ : üvkðu ^ wu´x [ tà < ¹þn£éî + / ÷íºûm³ [ ° $ qhüdìðåqü¤þ ) è±i¶·» , { ( { eb3ã ýz·ß¨eañt«ôsänëáwþrø \ @ í ~ qvdépóo ( ®æßëæáðî¶õfó¹ð1nd²g¢ =  > eoíé % ôn \ jûö ^ ï ` áý & æ«îÿ®¸g ^ ¶ªæc { x×ûcêáp ^ btzü / ºüt×®£ / éh - büçmvy # æ³áñý± wiá3ïò î÷ð o v & ¦·c ( mk47íö6öë & #
[ cite : 595888 ] bg ' standard ' source covering roach & termite species of the world . navigate by classification tree
[ cite : 1286620 ] link all of the nomenclatural , bibliographic , and specimen data accumulated in missouri botanical garden ' s ( mbg ) electronic databases during the past 30 years are publicly available here . this system has nearly 1 . 3 million scientific names and over 4 . 4 million specimen records . great resource for plant distribution beyond us & canada .
[ cite : 1185947 the collection holds more than 3 . 5 million insect specimens and is one of the largest university insect collections in the world . all groups of insects are represented in the collection , and we are recognized for our holdings of leafhoppers ( cicadellidae ) , beetles ( coleoptera ) , and true flies ( diptera ) . the triplehorn insect collection is housed within the museum of biological diversity , located on the west campus of the ohio state university in columbus , ohio . on 29 april , 2005 , the ohio state insect collection was renamed in honor of dr . charles a . triplehorn , professor of entomology and curator at osu between 1962 and 1992 .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 2 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
below is a sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . unsourced material may be challenged and removed .
dead adult male showing the markings on the median segment and first abdominal segment .
males are dark brown ; the sides of the thorax and the front half of the wings are margined with yellow . adult males are fully winged , while females have conspicuous wing pads ( actually short wings like that of the female oriental cockroach ) , which are functionless . wings of the male are longer than its body , while wing pads of the female cover only one - third to two - thirds of the abdomen . the males fly swiftly but do not have the ability to sustain themselves in the air for long periods .
according to entomologist fred a . lawson , it is
often seen on tree trunks and lower branches of oaks and elms after dark .
. brought indoors on infested firewood , they wander about the house without congregating in any particular room . they can be especially troublesome during the mating season , which is during may and june . male wood cockroaches frequently travel in large numbers and fly considerable distances . they are attracted to lights at night and may gain entry indoors . large numbers may also be found in rain gutters of homes .
pennsylvania wood cockroaches feed primarily on decaying organic matter . both female and male pennsylvania wood cockroaches have been found under shingles and on the inside of garages . they rarely breed indoors . however , with the growing use of firewood , the popularity of cedar shake shingles , and the continual building of homes in wooded areas , problems with pennsylvania wood cockroaches will probably escalate .
the pennsylvania wood cockroach has three developmental stages : egg , nymph , and adult . eggs are laid in egg capsules , produced during the warm months and deposited behind the loose bark of dead trees , fallen logs , or stumps . egg capsules are yellowish brown and characteristically curved on both sides like a half moon . capsules are twice as long as wide , each containing up to 32 eggs . the egg stage lasts about 34 days at 80 °f , while the nymphal stage typically lasts 10 to 12 months but can last up to 2 years . the normal life span of the female adult is several months .
the distribution of the species includes southeastern canada , in the provinces of ontario and quebec , and the eastern and central united states , in alabama , the district of columbia , probably florida , georgia , illinois , indiana , iowa , kansas , louisiana , massachusetts , maine , maryland , michigan , minnesota , mississippi , missouri , nebraska , new jersey , new york , north carolina , ohio , oklahoma , pennsylvania , south dakota , tennessee , texas , and wisconsin .
pennsylvania wood cockroaches are most often carried into homes under the bark of firewood . it is best to not store firewood inside the house . move woodpiles away from the house to further reduce the likelihood of cockroaches wandering in .
houses located within woods will sometimes have wood cockroaches crawl under siding ; especially homes with cedar shake shingles . to cockroaches , the house may represent a fallen tree and a new location for nesting . a wide lawn will inhibit cockroaches crawling from the surrounding woods to the house . the use of window screening and caulking to prevent entry is a good structural tactic .
the species frequently invades summer cottages , and while it is considered a nuisance , it is rarely in in enough numbers to be considered a pest .
as breeding populations rarely become established indoors , house interiors should not be treated . treat exteriors only when wood cockroaches enter homes from the surrounding environment .
exterior treatments to foundations , around doors and windows , porches , patios and other areas where outside lights are located will help control both the adult males ( which will fly to the lights ) and the females ( which crawl to the house in search of harborage ) .
atkinson , thomas h . ; koehler , philip g . ; patterson , richard s . ( 1990 ) .
annotated checklist of cockroaches of florida ( dictyoptera : blattaria : blattidae , polyphagidae , blattellidae , blaberidae )
( pdf ) . florida entomologist 73 ( 2 ) : 317 .
blatchley , willis stanley ( 1920 ) . orthoptera of northeastern america : with especial reference to the faunas of indiana and florida . the nature publishing company . pp . 86–87 .
vickery , v . r . ; kevan , d . k . mce ( 1966 ) .
records of the orthopteroid insects in ontario
. proceedings of the entomological society of ontario 97 : 18 .
vickery , vr ; scudder , gge ( 1987 ) .
the canadian orthopteroid insects summarized and updated , including a tabular check - list and ecological notes
. proceedings of the entomological society of ontario 118 : 25–46 . issn 0071 - 0768 .
both genders of p . lata are relatively large and robust for the genus . the male dorsal coloration of the species is a glossy light brown or reddish brown , while the female is a darker brown . the male ' s tegmina ( outer forewings ) extend well beyond the abdomen , and are wider than its pronotum . the female ' s short tegmina end around the second dorsal segment , and are colored slightly lighter than the rest of the body . the female is wider than the male , and has a much larger , more rounded pronotum .
the ootheca typically measures around 4 mm × 9 mm ( 0 . 16 in × 0 . 35 in ) , with its seam slightly curved , having a row of about 30 evenly spaced knobs .
the distribution of the species is the eastern united states , including alabama , the district of columbia , delaware , florida , georgia , illinois , indiana , iowa , kansas , kentucky , louisiana , maryland , mississippi , missouri , north carolina , oklahoma , south carolina , tennessee , texas , and virginia .
p . lata commonly inhabit forests and grasslands . they are endemic to pine forests of the southeastern us , have been found in grassland and shrub communities in kansas , and have been found only in lowlying mesic hammocks in florida .
the species has been reported indoors , at lights , and under wooden signs on trees .
it is a methanogenic ( methane - producing ) species , a trait more common in blaberidae and blattinae families of cockroaches than in the blatellidae family .
the species comprises more than half the biomass of the diet of the endangered red - cockaded woodpecker ( picoides borealis ) .
the female head and pronotum are usually a pale reddish - brown , its short tegmina are reddish brown with paler sides , its abdominal segments are a darker brown , and its legs and underside are a brownish yellow . [ 3 ]
the species ' ootheca ( egg case ) is bean - shaped , very dark brown , and measures about 8 . 5 mm ( 0 . 33 in ) long by 3 . 8 mm ( 0 . 15 in ) wide . [ 3 ] the edge with a seam is curved and has about 40 small crimps or folds . [ 3 ] it is similar to the ootheca of p . virginica , but is larger and has slightly narrower spacing of vertical divisions . [ 5 ]
two differently colored forms of the species were regularly collected in kansas : a dark , olive gray to brown variety from riley county , kansas , and a light , golden brown to tan variety from the slopes of the flint hills pastures near manhattan , kansas . [ 6 ]
female specimens of p . fulvescens can be confused with p . virginica and p . lata . [ 5 ] females of p . virginica are on average smaller and less robust , less often have wide coloration differences , normally have a supra - anal plate with straight lateral edges that converge in a more acute apex , have a less convex caudal ( rear ) edge of the sixth dorsal abdominal segment , and have fewer proximal spines of the cephalic femora . [ 5 ] females of p . lata are much larger and more robust , with a more transverse pronotum . [ 5 ]
the distribution of the species includes ontario , canada , [ 4 ] and the eastern united states , including alabama , arkansas , the district of columbia , florida , georgia , illinois , indiana , iowa , kansas , maryland , mississippi , missouri , new jersey , new york , north carolina , south carolina , virginia , and texas . [ 8 ] it is not clear if the species is native or adventive in canada . [ 4 ]
the species has been found in heavy , barrier - beach forest , in pine - barrens undergrowth ( both typical or heavy and grassy ) , on the borders of pine barrens , on swamp edges , in heavy deciduous forest , and in heavy oak woods . [ 9 ] in florida it has been found in mesic hammock , xeric hammock , scrub , and sand hill habitats . [ 9 ]
individuals may be found under dead leaves , pine needles ( particularly beneath shortleaf pine ) , logs , beneath loose bark , or wandering at night . [ 9 ]
blatchley , willis stanley ( 1920 ) . orthoptera of northeastern america : with especial reference to the faunas of indiana and florida . the nature publishing company . pp . 83–84 .
vickery , v . r . ; kevan , d . k . mce ( 1966 ) .
records of the orthopteroid insects in ontario
. proceedings of the entomological society of ontario . 97 : 18–19 .
hebard , morgan ( 1917 ) .
the blattidae of north america north of the mexican boundary
. memoirs of the american entomological society . american entomological society ( 2 ) : 97 , 114–115 , 118 . ( the article comprises the whole issue . )
gordh , gordon ; headrick , david ( 2011 ) . a dictionary of entomology ( 2nd ed . ) . cabi . p . 68 . isbn 978 - 1 - 84593 - 542 - 9 .
atkinson , thomas h . ; koehler , philip g . ; patterson , richard s . ( 1990 ) .
roth , louis m . ; willis , edwin r . ( 1960 ) .
biotic associations of cockroaches
. smithsonian miscellaneous collections . washington , d . c . : the smithsonian institution . 141 : 59–60 .
drawings from a 1917 article by morgan hebard . plate iv , labeled 13 - 16 , of p . fulvescens body parts and dorsal views of two female specimens with slightly different wing shapes . key to drawings on pages 278 .
this page is based on a wikipedia article written by authors ( here ) . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 license ; additional terms may apply . images , videos and audio are available under their respective licenses .
det . g . vogg , j . skevington . widespread in dwellings , common .
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington ; nl specimens from thedford area .
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington . widespread in eastern north america ( north to southern ontario ) .
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington . widespread in eastern north america north to southern ontario ( strictly carolinian ) . nl specimen from thedford area .
det . r . cannings . new range extension ( previously known only as far north as walpole ) . rare in ontario , likely
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington . widespread in north america .
walker ( this appears to have changed . it is now apparently widespread and abundant , perhaps due to the prevalence
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington . specimen data : pinery park store area , 26 . vi . 1991 , in copula .
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington . widespread in eastern north america from south carolina north to southern ontario .
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington . widespread in eastern north america north to southern ontario where it is local .
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington . widespread in north america south to north carolina .
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington . widespread in eastern north america north to southern ontario .
det . donnelly . new for canada . two ppp specimens in cnc ( pair ) . two wp specimens in rbcm . two wp
specimens in ug . two ppp specimens in ic personal collection . two ppp specimens in js personal collection .
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington , widespread in eastern north america from south carolina north to james bay .
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington . widespread in northern north america .
det . i . carmichael , j . skevington . widespread in north and central america .
det . i . carmichael and j . skevington . distributed through ne north america , common in southern ontario .
det . j . skevington . rare in canada , known from extreme sw ont , s . manitoba and s . british columbia . walker listsontario records for lambton co . ( st . clair river ) , simcoe co . and kenora district . specimen data : pinery , eastboundary ( on edge of oak savanna along goosemarsh line ) , 17 . vi . 1995 , pair in copula , j . skevington .