elachista gildorella is a moth of the elachistidae family .

it is found in the united states , where it has been recorded from california .

elachista gildorella

elachista gildorella kaila , 1999 , n . sp . , acta zool . fennica , v . 211 , p . 1 - 235 .
elachista laetella rebel , 1930 ( sometimes in e . subalbidella ; tentatively placed here )
elachista infuscata frey , 1882 ( sometimes in e . exactella ; tentatively placed here )
elachista juliensis frey , 1870 = e . freyi staudinger , 1871 ( type of biselachista )
elachista baltica e . hering , 1891 ( sometimes in e . freyerella ; tentatively placed here )
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powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 6 . 9m ; p . 73 . book review and ordering
many species and even entire genera have been named after elements of j . r . r . tolkien ' s legendarium . some items on the list are junior synonyms , i . e . they were coined for a taxon that had an earlier published name and thus are not official according to the rules of zoological nomenclature . these are marked in the footnotes accordingly .
↑ spelt with a k because the genus ancalagon was already occupied by ancalagon minor . the species name saurognathus is latin for
lizard jaw
but also bears a resemblance to sauron .
↑ moths of this species are , according to biologist lauri kaila , similar to elves in that they are inconspicuous and have spread to the western hemisphere .
↑ because it is
short , fat , and has hairy feet
.
↑ because
the specimens of planois smaug were ' sleeping ' in collections for about 60 years , like tolkiens’ creature , and because of the large size of the insect
. entomologytoday , 23 december 2015 .
isaak , mark . curiosities of biological nomenclature : etymology : fiction . updated 2010 - 08 - 02 . retrieved 2010 - 08 - 12 .
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hindwings characteristic of their family . they are essentially found worldwide , except in very cold places and on some
however . they usually have at least one , sometimes as many as three light bands running from leading to trailing edge of their forewing uppersides . some
of this large genus have been discovered yet , let alone validly described and named . several small genera , e . g .
of the present genus ) than other species commonly placed here , if not actually closer . in addition ,
practice ( i . e . using as namesake the group - member which was described first ) . some of these groups are placed in either of the two large
if accepted as distinct , but seem too unlike them to warrant placement in either .
. version of 2008 - oct - 09 . retrieved 2010 - may - 01 .
( vol . 6 : microlepidoptera ) [ in german ] . landwirtschaftskammer für oberösterreich .
. version of 2004 - nov - 05 . retrieved 2010 - may - 01 .
. version of 2008 - jul - 19 . retrieved 2010 - may - 01 .
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clea wykoffi is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum , an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family buccinidae , the true whelks , most of which are marine .

clea wykoffi

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : clea wykoffi r . a . m . brandt , 1974 - id : 5288000028
worms - world register of marine species - clea h . adams & a . adams , 1855
overally , clea species feed like their marine cousins . although clea helena is the most well - known in the genus , there are plenty of other species . here ' s a list from
while clea gemma ( conolly 1929 ) is the type for the afrocanidia ( sub ) genus from africa .
species clea fusca ( h . adams , 1862 ) accepted as anentome fusca ( h . adams , 1862 )
one more update ! i just found that canidia bocourti brot was synonymised as clea helena by brandt ( 1974 ) . best ! gianluca
clea helena is sometimes called clea ( anentome ) helena or anentome helena . it is a member of the whelk family buccinidae , and one of very few whelks that lives its entire life in freshwater habitats . common names in the trade include assassin snail and snail - eating snail .
clea are whelks , most of which live in the sea . like their marine relatives , clea are opportunistic carnivores that feed on both live prey and carrion . among the prey taken are snails , and it is this that has made them popular with fishkeepers . clea stay partially hidden under the sediment , and if a snail slides past , then quickly ( by snail standards ) jump into action , chasing their prey and eventually subduing it .
most clea live in clean , fast - flowing streams where they can be found in sandy or muddy substrates . clea helena is exceptional in being found in ponds and ditches too , and its tolerance for a wider range of water conditions is probably why this one particular species does so well in captivity .
clea helena is not difficult to breed , though it does so slowly , and isn’t likely to become a pest in the same was as many other snails . for one thing , being carnivorous , it is fussier about food , and that means an aquarium of given size will support a much smaller population of clea helena than omnivorous or herbivorous snails .
hello guys , i thought you may be interested in some updates : 1 ) afrocanidea gemma conolly , 1929 is an invalid taxon , synonym of gutturnium muricinum ( röding , 1798 ) it is a ranellidae ( note also the spelling of the invalid genus ) urltoken 2 ) the species list of congeners is not complete : c . broti ( deshayes 1876 ) c . cambojiensis ( reeve , 1861 ) c . funesta adams , 1861 c . fusca ( adams , 1861 ) c . scalarina ( deshayes , 1876 ) c . spinosa temcharoen , 1971 c . wykoffi brandt , 1974 some sites you may find useful : worldwide molluscan species database - bagni liggia urltoken urltoken
sungai jernih , perlis , northern peninsular malaysia . another typical habitat for many clea species as they have abundant prey to feed on and nutrient - rich waters flowing from nearby caves .
in the author’s experience , controlling a runaway malayan livebearing snail ( or malayan trumpet snail , melanoides tuberculata ) is to use 4 - 6 clea helena per 60 litres ( about 15 us gallons ) of water . while they won’t exterminate every last one of the malayan livebearing snails , the clea helena will keep the population of them small enough that they’re no longer troublesome .
usually , clea snails can be found in abundance when present in a water body . thus , when a prey is detected , a large number of snails will search and assemble around it .
steung saen , kampong thom , cambodia . this is the preferred habitat for clea species as it has a wide , muddy river bottom . such habitats are widespread across delta plains of southeast asian countries .
meanwhile , other clea snails will try to loosen the grip of the feeding predator on its prey by using their foot to
pull
the prey out , much like a tug - of - war game .
on the other hand , like all snails , clea helena and tylomelania spp . are vulnerable to predation when kept with large fish . cichlids , pufferfish , loaches and certain catfish ( e . g . , synodontis ) are likely to view clea helena and the smaller tylomelania as potential food . even if they don’t eat them outright , fish that like to peck at things may stress these snails sufficiently that they’ll cause damage and eventually death .
clea helena are known as assassin snails and snail - eating snails precisely because they’re so good at catching and killing small snails . are they worth using though ? in short , yes , but you will need quite a few of them .
besides malayan livebearing snails , clea helena will also eat other small snail species including physa spp . ( tadpole snails ) . they will also eat juvenile tylomelania snails , and that may be an issue if you want to keep them together .
clea helena is a predator , and it will eat any small snails it can catch . it will likely eat fish eggs too , and quite likely immobile ( “wriggler” ) fish fry too . but otherwise clea helena is an excellent community tank resident . it does not harm snails that are substantially larger than it is , and things like adult nerite snails as well as tylomelania seem to coexist amicably enough . fish are at no risk at all once mobile , and even livebearer fry are ignored .
these are true freshwater snails and do not need salt added to the water . but having said that , the authors experience is that both clea helena and tylomelania spp . tolerate slightly brackish water conditions ( around sg 1 . 003 ) perfectly well .
( of quadrasia crosse , 1886 ) smith e . a . ( 1895 ) observations on the genus clea , with the description of a new species . proceedings of the malacological society of london 1 : 251 - 253 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
hi ! nice work you ' ve done here ! i ' m portuguese malacologist currently finishing my phd thesis on gastropods in the aquarium trade . clea helena was one of my studied species ! i wonder if you could contact me by email so we could exchange some thoughts ? rita . coelho @ urltoken kind regards , rita
like most other snails , clea helena and tylomelania spp . will not do well in water that is too soft or acidic . while the precise water chemistry values do not seem to be important , aim for moderately hard to hard water with a ph above neutral ( 10 - 20 degrees dh , ph 7 - 8 ) .
hello , i am trying to id a species of clea i collected in a hill - forest torrent in brunei . i think it might be c . nigricans . however , i found descriptions of other species that are rather similar ( c . funesta , c . bockii ) and would like to share some thoughts . could you pls send me a mail to gianluca . polgar @ urltoken
it is not possible to tell male and female clea helena apart , so to start breeding them , a small group will be necessary . when clea helena mates , pairs or groups of snails clamber over each other and seem to hold position like that for hours at a time . eventually the males and females separate , and the females go off to lay their eggs . eggs are deposited one at a time in tiny transparent blobs , usually on solid objects such as bogwood roots . hatching takes a few weeks , and it is fully six months before the juveniles are big enough ( around 8 mm ) to be seen actively hunting at the surface . before they get that big they are presumably hidden away in the sand feeding on whatever small organisms they find there . lifespan is around two years .
clea helena is a burrowing species , and does best in tanks with a sandy substrate . if nothing else , this gives the aquarist an opportunity to watch the natural behaviour of the species . it is also more likely to reproduce successfully in a tank with a sandy substrate since the juvenile snails seem to spend a lot of time hidden underground . perhaps they need to avoid being eaten by the adults ?
tylomelania spp . and clea helena have much to attract the aquarist keeping small , gentle freshwater fish . compared to the existing species on offer , these snails are far less likely to become a pest , and once settled in , hardy and easy to maintain . while we’re not quite at the stage of having a freshwater reef tank just yet , these snails are a good few steps in that direction !
hello i am gianluca , i am trying to id a clea that i think is c . nigricans , collected in a hill - forest torrent in brunei . however , the original description of c . nigricans adams , 1855 closely resembles that one of c . funesta and c . blockii . . . if anyone likes to share some thoughts , i would love to have a chat by email : gianluca . polgar @ urltoken cheers , gianluca
the assassin snail ( clea helena ) has been welcomed by fishkeepers as the single best all - around snail - killing animal in the hobby . existing choices were limited to things like pufferfish and the larger loaches , particularly botiine loaches , but these fish are often difficult to maintain , and in the case of puffers especially , tend to be nippy towards their tankmates . the assassin snail is very different . it is small , completely harmless towards fish and shrimps , and generally very easy to keep . it is also very pretty , bright yellow with chocolate brown stripes .
alright , the next big question is probably : how does it feed ? i have heard many who discovered them congregating around rotting carcasses of frogs , dead swiflets and bats near caves . personally , i have encountered a group of clea helena feeding on picnic leftovers of fried fish at water ' s edge in sungai jernih , perlis , malaysia . so , these buccinids are no different from their marine cousins - scavengers and predators at the same time . i ' ve brought some back home for further observations of their feeding behaviour . here ' s a photo - essay of it :
information on the african species is particularly void while asia ' s ones received more attention ( from the aquarium trade , not researchers ! ) . clea genus is widespread across southeast asia and have not been recorded elsewhere . it ' s abundance is notable especially in alluvial plains and around large water bodies like the irrawaddy delta ( myanmar ) , mekong river ( indochina countries ) , chao phraya river ( thailand ) and other major waterways and lakes of malaysia , brunei and indonesia ( sumatra , java , kalimantan ) . the question is - how did they managed to reach other rivers and lakes divided by tall mountain ranges and vast seas ?
on the scientific front though , little is known about this enigmatic group of snails . however , it is generally accepted that there are two genus of this family that somehow abandoned the sea in favour of creeks and ponds . the african species is categorised into the ( sub ) genus afrocanidia while asia ' s is grouped into the clea genus . now , this may shed some light to its origins . perhaps , they first appeared from a common ancestor when africa and south asia was in one piece ( called pangea ) 225 million years ago ? or did they adapted to freshwater separately ( convergent evolution ) since it is more likely to be a recent adaptation ?
the possible answer can be found when we turn the clock back to around 20 000 years ago . the waters of south china sea , gulf of siam , straits of malacca and java sea recede and is replaced by alternating grasslands and swamps . now , one would notice that major rivers were being drained out of this large peninsula , dubbed sundaland , by
mega rivers
( much like the present day amazonian basin ) . so , it ' s possible that the clea genus or its ancestor have had its early millenias conquering much of sundaland ' s freshwater systems before rising sea levels cut off many populations and from there each evolved into seperate species or subspecies .
tylomelania spp . are almost but not quite livebearers . again , males and females are separate , so for breeding purposes a group is required . there is no easy way to sex them . once mating has taken place , the female broods the eggs internally almost to the point when they are ready to hatch . the eggs are then released , and within an hour than juvenile snail crawls out from the shell . at this point the juvenile has a shell that is a good 5 mm in length , and can be reared alongside the adults without problems . they are , however , vulnerable to predation by clea helena , so while adults of both species can be mixed , you won’t get many tylomelania if they’re kept together .
adams a . ( 1855 ) . description of two new genera and several new species of mollusca , from the collection of hugh cuming , esq . proceedings of the zoological society of london . 23 : 119 - 124 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 119 [ details ]
galindo , l . a . ; puillandre , n . ; utge , j . ; lozouet , p . ; bouchet , p . ( 2016 ) . the phylogeny and systematics of the nassariidae revisited ( gastropoda , buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 337 - 353 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of quadrasia crosse , 1886 ) houbrick r . s . ( 1986 ) transfer of quadrasia from the planaxidae to the buccinidae ( mollusca : gastropoda : prosobranchia ) . proceedings of the biological society of washington 99 ( 2 ) : 359 - 362 . [ details ]
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the various species of tylomelania imported from the southeast asian island of sulawesi are not kept to do a job , but because they’re interesting and attractive . in the past aquarists have kept apple snails ( pomacea spp . ) but these don’t always do well . in the wild most apple snails spend a few months resting in the mud , but they can’t do this in an aquarium , and because of this seem to ‘burn up’ , dying within a year or so and never attaining full size . tylomelania spp . do much better in aquaria , and unlike apple snails , they do not eat plants , so can be kept in planted tanks without risk .
tylomelania are members of the family pachychilidae , a freshwater - dwelling group within the predominantly marine cerithioidea superfamily of gastropods . there are numerous tylomelania species , and telling them apart is difficult . many retailers simply sell them as tylomelania , or else under trade names such as sulawesi elephant snails , helmet snails , rabbit snails and various other names .
tylomelania spp . are primarily inhabitants of lakes and rivers . they are more scavengers than carnivores , and feed on various types of decaying organic matter besides carrion . they also eat some algae , though they are less dedicated algae - eaters than , say , nerite snails , which seem to eat nothing else .
what makes tylomelania so remarkable is their size and variety . their shells come in a range of shapes and sizes , the biggest ones more than 10 cm ( 4 inches ) in length . ornamentation consists of different arrangements of ribs and grooves . the soft body of the animal is variable too , and can be yellow , green , grey or black .
water quality is important , particularly in the case of tylomelania . these are not species for immature aquaria , and are best added after the aquarium has been running for at least a couple of months . unlike the other freshwater snails kept by hobbyists , such as apple snails , these are not air - breathing snails , and they will not do well in tanks with poor water circulation or inadequate oxygen .
tylomelania are less fussy and do well in tanks with either sand or gravel substrates . if sand is provided , they will root about a bit more naturally , and this is fun to watch , but they don’t seem overly bothered by gravel substrates . tylomelania will breed successfully in tanks with either type of substrate .
feeding these snails is extremely easy , since both species consume any meaty food they find , including uneaten fish food . to a degree then , they’re scavengers . but for optimal health they will need some food left out specifically for them . catfish pellets are a good staple , but these could be augmented with calcium - rich fare that will help them build their shells . wet - frozen brine shrimp , mysis and krill all seem to be very popular . small pieces of frozen lancefish are also welcomed , especially the more bony bits like the head that fish tend to ignore .
tylomelania spp . are essentially non - predatory so far as aquarium fish and invertebrates go .
good companions are things like tetras , non - nippy barbs , rainbowfish , livebearers , corydoras catfish , bristlenose catfish and so on .
tylomelania are excellent scavengers and a good choice for the aquarist after a snail that will consume uneaten fish food and organic detritus . they are especially good at cleaning up any leftover bones and shells , as well as things like shrimp moults .
of course no snail actually “cleans” an aquarium , and that remains the job of the filter ( as well as the weekly water changes ) . but tylomelania seem to be able to compete reasonably well with things like corydoras catfish , and aquarists might even consider using these snails , perhaps alongside shrimps , as the only bottom feeders in the aquarium .
brandt r . a . m . ( 1974 ) . the non - marine aquatic mollusca of thailand . archiv für molluskenkunde . 105 : i - iv , 1 - 423 . page ( s ) : 204 , pl . 15 fig . 69 [ details ]
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like all snails in the clade neogastropoda , snails in this genus are carnivorous .
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from sungai jernih , perlis , northern peninsula malaysia . note its difference from thai varieties offered in the aquarium trade .
is a very resilient snail . it can lay dormant for more than a month without food . in this stage , it usually buries or half - buries itself in the loose , sandy or muddy substrate .
when food ( meat or snail ) is detected , it prolongs it ' s proboscis ( siphon ) and crawls out to search for its quarry . occasionally , it will also react similarly when there is movement in the water ( especially if it lives in still waters most of the time . )
it will then wander around to locate the prey . however , it takes a straight path towards the prey if there are no others in the vicinity .
the first to reach the prey will grab it with its foot and inserts a thin , fleshy tube ( siphon ) into the snail and suck the animal within the shell .
( proably excreting digestive enzymes and dissolve the prey alive before consuming it . )
to finish its meal but that may be because of the miniature size of the prey . for larger size meals like frog carcasses , it might take a day or more to finish the entire body . most of the time , they will abandon their meal when they are full and return back when they ' re ready for the next meal .
after some time devouring its prey , other snails will lose interest and gradually retreats back to their hideouts , leaving the lucky snail and its meal alone . at last , when the meal is finished , the predator will crawl back to its own resting spot , leaving empty shells of the prey behind .
not surprisingly , buccinids aren ' t the only one which has migrated to freshwater environments in southeast asia . there are also genus
( thailand ) of pyramidellidae . so , who knows what more lurks in the muddy depths of these tropical rivers and lakes ?
the melvill - tomlin collection . parts . 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 . buccinacea ( pyrenidae , buccinidae , galeodidae , nassariidae and fasciolariidae ) .
maps of holocene sea level transgression and submerged lakes on the sunda shelf . the natural history journal of chulalongkorn university , supplement 2 : 1 - 44 , august 2006 .
ellen e . strong , oliver gargominy , winston f . ponde , phillippe bouchet , 2008
global diversity of gastropods ( gastropoda ; mollusca ) in freshwater . hydrobiologia ( 2008 ) 595 : 149–166
according to the report : ellen e . strong , oliver gargominy , winston f . ponde , phillippe bouchet , 2008 global diversity of gastropods ( gastropoda ; mollusca ) in freshwater . hydrobiologia ( 2008 ) 595 : 149–166 . freshwater buccinids are first recorded in the fossil assemblages of the miocene period ( approximately 23 - 5 million years ago ) .
a young nature - lover aspiring to be a malacologist . inspired by the amazing biodiversity of tropical rainforests and coral reefs ( snails , clams and slugs in particular ) ; intrigued by the fields of paleotology , geology and many other fields that suffix with
- logy
; motivated by the never ending discoveries of nature and the ecology within . traveled extensively around southeast asia & beyond . this blog showcases snapshots of my discoveries , explorations , views and admiration of the intricacies in molluscs and nature while on the journey towards achieving my childhood dream .
last wednesday i received an email from mike cole of cole ecological , forwarded by our good buddy tim pearce . attached to mike’s message was the jpeg bel . . .
the ubin community came together to celebrate singapore ' s last unspoilt island from 26 may ( sat ) to 24 jun ( sun ) 2018 . here ' s a look back at pesta ubin 201 . . .
there are a lot of cases where you may need the help of a committed locksmith so it is of utmost importance that you have the contact number of a reliable . . .
red - legged pademelons ( * thylogale stigmatica * ) are not sociable animals , but they put up with each other . but every now and then , especially towards the en . . .
to come out again , mr / ms mantis shrimp… . . and true enough , patience paid off and here’s he / she peeking out of his / her hole ! more of the mantis shrimp and . . .
today is halloween . in my own culture , it is never part of our ' habit ' to celebrate this event . but in my adopted country , this is big ! the children are lo . . .
article id : 2013 - 07 - 22 - wetecol * jamilah , ms * & muhammad razali salam coastal biodiversity and conservation research group department of biological scien . . .
the 15th meeting of the mid - atlantic malacologists took place yesterday at the delaware museum of natural history ( dmnh ) in wilmington , delaware . i counted . . .
the ariophantid * hemiplecta belerang * sp . nov . from south sumatra is described in this paper . it is compared with its closest congeners , from which it is g . . .
snakes ! tigers ! lizards ! pangolins ! bears ! calling all wildlife in the forest ! run for your lives ! for the wildlife kingpin is freed - again . . . old habits . . .
i pick my way along the beach the sky is blue , the tide is out , exposed pools glitter ; down i reach to touch a sea hare on the snout . * – * ( perhaps it’s not . . .
borneo is totally smaller than india or australia , but very rich with biodiversity . i am interested on terrestrial snail fauna especially the micro - terres . . .
19 october 2009 after the not - so - satisfying snorkeling experience at bare island in the morning , i went snorkeling at little bay in the afternoon and had a . . .
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coral reef ecosystem is the most diverse ecosystem in the sea . it . . .
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elachista tinctella is a moth in the elachistidae family .

it was described by sinev and sruoga in 1995 .

it is found in south-eastern siberia .

elachista tinctella

this is the place for tinctella definition . you find here tinctella meaning , synonyms of tinctella and images for tinctella copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word tinctella . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word tinctella and , of course , tinctella synonyms and on the right images related to the word tinctella .
elachista alpinella ( marsh dwarf ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .
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nationally scarce ( nb ) in marshes , water - meadows and other damp areas throughout most of the british isles .
long slender downward gallery mine from the leaf tip , up to 60cm long .
recorded in 13 ( 19 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1920 . last recorded in 2016 .
• timberline wood , herts . gen . det . m . harper • ©
this rather scarce and local species occurs in mature deciduous woodland habitats in southern england and wales .
little is known of the larval stages , but it is believed to feed under decaying bark or rotting wood .
, which however has a brighter yellow tone to the head and thorax area . they fly in may / june and are attracted to light .
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the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .
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* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
caloneis crassa caloneis crassa ( greg . ) r . ross in b . hartley , 1986
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important - please note that the maps and accounts are provisional , subject to change and further update . the whole dataset still needs to go through the final verification process and it is likely that a very small number of records will not satisfy the present requirements and there are other records that have not been formally submitted . the information is for guidance only .
for the region , we have a total of 2 records from 2 sites . earliest record on file is in 1987 .


merlucciidae are a family of cod-like fish , including most hakes .

they are native to cold water in the atlantic and pacific oceans , and typically found at depths greater than 50 metres ( 160 ft ) in subtropical , temperate , sub-arctic or sub-antarctic regions .

the best known species are in the genera macruronus and merluccius .

these are large , up to 1.55 m ( 5 ft 1 in ) in length ( though most only reach about half that length ) , predatory fish inhabiting the waters of the continental shelf and upper continental slope , where they feed on small fish such as lanternfishes .

several species are important commercial fish , for example the blue grenadier ( macruronus novaezelandiae ) that is fished in the southwest pacific and the north pacific hake ( merluccius productus ) that is fished off western north america .

merlucciidae

kento furui added the japanese common name
メルルーサ科
to
merlucciidae
.
dianne j . bray , southern hakes . . . , merlucciidae in fishes of australia , accessed 10 jul 2018 , urltoken
in order to describe the structure and evolution of merlucciidae and related gadiformes mitochondrial control region we analysed 470 bp of 31 taxa belonging to 28 different species . the general structure and conserved sequence blocks observed in gadiformes mitochondrial control region are similar to those present in other teleost fishes . the length of this segment is variable among related species due to the presence of numerous indels at domain i . domain ii is the most conserved region with a high g content . the gtggg - box is absent in all merluccius and seven other gadidae species . several methods of phylogenetic analyses has revealed the monophyly of gadiformes , gadinae and merlucciidae . merlucciidae is most closely related to gadidae . within merlucciidae , american and euroafrican clades show similar levels of differentiation to those within gadinae where trisopterus and micromesistius are sister taxa . genetic distance values for merluccius subspecies pairs are less than half of those between species , comparable to intra specific differentiation levels in marine fish species .
galleguillos , r . , troncoso , l . & oyarzún , c . ( 1999 ) evolutionary relationships in southern pacific hakes merluccius gayi , merluccius australis and merluccius hubbsi ( pisces : merlucciidae ) . revista chilena de historia natural , 72 , 315–324 .
lloris , d . , j . matallanas & p . oliver . 2005 . hakes of the world ( family merlucciidae ) . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of hake species known to date . fao species catalogue for fishery purposes . no . 2 . fao , rome 57 pp .
lindquist , d . c . , r . f . shaw & t . farooqi . 2006 . merlucciidae : hakes , pp . 633 in richards , w . j . ( ed ) . early stages of atlantic fishes : an identification guide for the western central north atlantic . crc press , taylor and francis group , boca raton , fl , 2640 pp .
inada , t . 1990 . family merlucciidae , pp . 319 - 345 in cohen , d . m . , t . inada , t . iwamoto & n . scialabba . fao species catalogue . vol . 10 . gadiform fishes of the world ( gadiformes ) . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods , hakes , grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date . fao fisheries synopsis no . 125 , vol . 10 . food and agriculture organization of the united nations , rome . 442pp .
the new state of world fisheries and aquaculture report reveals that total fish production hit a record high in 2016 , and will continue growing .
the 33rd session of the committee on fisheries ( cofi ) runs from 9 - 13 july . access the cofi33 agenda , documents and information on the side events .
two sites , for ginseng in the republic of korea , and olives in italy , have been recognized on the globally important agricultural heritage systems list .
fao ' s state of the world ' s forests report urges governments to foster an all - inclusive approach to benefit trees and the communities who rely on them .
explore fao ' s flagship forests progress report , the state of the world ' s forests .
the fao food price index dropped in june for the first time in 2018 , as trade tensions affected markets even with global production prospects down .
we’re eating more fish than ever before , but are we approaching a fish limit ? fao ' s manuel barange discusses the issue .
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distribution : atlantic , eastern pacific , tasmania , and new zealand . dorsal fins 2 , except lyconodes with one . second dorsal fin and anal fin with a posterior notch . chin barbel lacking . small cycloid scales . teeth present on head of vomer . spinous first principal dorsal ray . mouth large and terminal ; long , pointed teeth in most species . a large v - shaped ridge appears on the upper side of the head . pelvic fin rays 7 - 10 . branchiostegal rays 7 . pyloric caeca absent . species of merluccius are voracious predators inhabiting the continental shelf and upper slope . the three species of macruronus live in large schools on the continental shelf in subantarctic waters .
latin , mare , maris = sea + latin lucius = pike ( ref . 45335 ) .
cohen , d . m . , t . inada , t . iwamoto and n . scialabba 1990
the list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions , which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist .
rather , it reflects the current content of fishbase , and the progress with respect to synchronization with the catalog of fishes . however , we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in fishbase , to start new work on the family , or to cross - check with other lists .
but we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value . in particular , for published scientific , we suggest then to cite it in the material and method section as a useful tool to conduct the research , but again , not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference .
unless it is explicitly precised , the list is not complete , please search all original names published for the family in the catalog of fishes ( genera , species ) , including those with uncertain or unknown status , that are not included in fishbase when they are not attached to a valid species .
this list uses some data from catalog of fishes ( not shown but used to sort names ) .
in the column coff , the digit indicates the status of synchronization with coff : 0 : not checked ; 1 : same status ; 2 : different status ; 3 : other combination ; 4 : synonym in coff ; 5 : species / subspecies issue ; 6 : synonym of another species in coff ; 7 : not in coff ; 8 : should not be in coff . the coff version currently used is the one published on 23 - 07 - 2014 ( ref . 97102 ) .
when subfamilies are recognized , nominotypical subfamily first then other subfamilies by alphabetical order .
type genus of the family first ( or of subfamily when subfamilies are recognized ) then other genera by chronological order of description ( and alphabetical order ) .
type species of the genus first by chronological order ( and alphabetical order ) , with last listed misapplied names in a light gray font .
yan wong changed the thumbnail image of
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yan wong marked
file : gadus morhua - cod - 2 - atlanterhavsparken - norway . jpg
as trusted on the
gadus morhua
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jennifer hammock split the classifications by smithsonian type specimen data from gadus to their own page .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
a diverse family of commercially important fishes found worldwide , mostly in temperate southern waters .
small family with about 18 or more described species in 4 or 5 genera ; two described species in two genera are found in australian waters . with the exception of merluccius , researchers disagree about the placement of genera in this family .
found in temperate and cold - temperate waters throughout the atlantic and in parts of the pacific and indian oceans of both hemispheres . merluciids are most abundant on the continental slope in southern waters . they are benthic or benthopelagic fishes inhabiting the continental shelves and slopes in moderate to abyssal depths to 2500m , although juveniles are found in shallower waters .
body elongate , fusiform , compressed posteriorly , tapering in one subfamily ; head large , pointed , with a v - shaped dorsal ridge ; eye moderate to large , mouth large , terminal , oblique , lower jaw protruding slightly beyond upper ; jaws with well - developed , strong pointed teeth ; branchiostegal rays 7 , chin barbel absent . one or two dorsal fins , if two present , the first short - based , high , with spinous anterior elements , second long - based , somewhat bilobed in one genus , with a distinct or confluent caudal fin ; anal fin long - based , anterior rays spinous ; pelvic fin insertion slightly before or behind pectoral - fin insertion ; caudal fin either distinct , truncate to forked , or , tapering and confluent with dorsal and anal fins . scales small , cycloid , deciduous .
these active and voracious predators feed mainly on other fishes ( including myctophids , gadiform fishes and nototheniids ) , and on on squids , crustaceans and benthic invertebrates . species of the genus macruronus reportedly feed mostly on lanternfishes ( family myctophidae ) .
oviparous , spawn small , smooth , spherical , pelagic eggs , 0 . 8 - 1 . 2 mm diameter , oil globule single , yolk homogenous . larvae pelagic , tadpole - shaped at hatching , gut short with single loop exiting laterally rather than medially through finfold , eyes round , unpigmented , mouth non - functional , pigmentation well - developed ; caudal fin forms first . gradual transformation to juvenile stage is followed by a pelagic - juvenile stage . juveniles descend to the bottom in shallower continental shelf waters . blue grenadier , macruronus novaezelandiae , spawn in winter to early spring in deep continental slope waters ; juveniles are found in shallower water on the continental shelf and gradually move to deeper water , attaining sexual maturity at 3 years of age and about 60 cm fl .
many species of this commerically important family live in large schools and are marketed fresh , frozen and as fishmeal . the genera macruronus and merluccius support large targeted fisheries and are caught primarily by demersal trawl , but also with gillnets and longlines . blue grenadier ( macruronus novaezelandiae ) is fished year - round in southeastern australia , mostly in tasmanian and victorian waters from may to august , but also targeted extensively in new zealand and off south america . the flesh is good eating , especially when fresh ; imported mostly as hoki ( plus cod or hake ) from new zealand . hakes of the genus merluccius support large targeted fisheries and have a high market value . southern hake ( merluccius australis ) is targeted commercially off south america , and in multispecies fisheries in new zealand waters .
fahay , m . p . & d . f . markle . 1984 . gadiformes : development and relationships , pp . 265 - 283 in moser h . g . , w . j . richards , d . m . cohen , m . p . fahay , a . w . kendall , jr . & s . l . richardson ( eds ) . ontogeny and systematics of fishes . am . soc . ichthyol . herpetol . spec . publ . no . 1 .
howes , g . j . 1991 . anatomy , phylogeny and taxonomy of the gadoid fish genus macruronus günther , 1873 , with a revised hypothesis of gadoid phylogeny . bull . br . mus . ( nat . hist . ) zool . 57 ( 1 ) : 77 - 110 .
inada , t . 1981 . studies on the merlucciid fishes . bull . far seas fish . res . lab . 18 : 1 - 172 .
iwamoto , t . & d . m . cohen . 2003 . phycidae , gaidropsaridae , merluciidae , and gadidae . pp . 1005 - 1025 . in carpenter , k . e . ( ed . ) the living marine resources of the western central atlantic . volume 2 : bony fishes part 1 ( acipenseridae to grammatidae ) . fao species identification guide for fishery purposes and american society of ichthyologist and herpetologists special publication no . 5 . fao , rome .
matallanas , j . & d . lloris . 2006 . description of merluccius tasmanicus sp nov . and redescription of merluccius australis ( pisces : merluciidae ) . j . mar . biol . assoc . u . k . 86 : 193 - 199 .
punt , a . e . , d . c . smith , r . b . thomson , m . haddon , x . he & j . m . lyle . 2001 . stock assessment of the blue grenadier macruronus novaezelandiae resource off south - eastern australia . mar . freshwater res . 52 ( 4 ) : 701 - 717 .
cohen , daniel m . , tadashi inada , tomio iwamoto , and nadia scialabba
mecklenburg , catherine w . , t . anthony mecklenburg , and lyman k . thorsteinson
moore , jon a . , karsten e . hartel , james e . craddock , and john k . galbraith
nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , et al . , eds .
full author list : nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , héctor espinosa - pérez , lloyd t . findley , carter r . gilbert , robert n . lea , and james d . williams
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
this page was last edited on 20 october 2015 , at 21 : 32 .
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marta crous laboratori d’ictiologia genètica . universitat de girona . campus montilivi , e - 17071 girona , spain . tel . + 34 972418961 . fax . + 34 972418277
maría i roldán laboratori d’ictiologia genètica . universitat de girona . campus montilivi , e - 17071 girona , spain . tel . + 34 972418961 . fax . + 34 972418277
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vidal , r . r . , carson , e . w . & gold , j . r . ( 2012 ) population structure in chilean hake merluccius gayi as revealed by mitochondrial dna sequences . journal of fish biology , 81 ( 5 ) , 1763–1772 . urltoken
xia , x . & xie , z . ( 2001 ) dambe : data analysis in molecular biology and evolution . journal of heredity , 92 , 371–373 . urltoken
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tate 's woolly mouse opossum ( marmosa paraguayana ) is an omnivorous , arboreal south american marsupial of the family didelphidae , named after american zoologist george henry hamilton tate .

it is native to atlantic coastal forests of brazil , paraguay and argentina .

the species lives in both primary and secondary forest , including forest fragments within grassland .

insects are a major component of its diet .

it was formerly assigned to the genus micoureus , which was made a subgenus of marmosa in 2009 .

while its conservation status is " least concern " , its habitat is shrinking through urbanization and conversion to agriculture over much of its range .

tate ' s woolly mouse opossum

no children of tate ' s woolly mouse opossum ( micoureus paraguayanus ) found .
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marmosa is a genus of small didelfimorfos didelphidae family of marsupials known as
marmosas
or
mouse opossums
. this is a clade in continuous remodeling , moving frequently different between this and other species next genre .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
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information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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brito , d . , astua de moraes , d . , de la sancha , n . & flores , d .
justification : this species is listed as least concern because of its wide distribution , occurrence in a number of protected areas , tolerance to some degree of habitat modification , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species occurs in the atlantic forest region of brazil up to the northern border of espirito santo state , south to rio grande do sul , and east to mnisiones ( argentina ) , and eastern paraguay ( gardner 2008 ) .
it lives in primary and secondary habitats , and is insectivorous , omnivorous and arboreal . several ecological studies exist for this species - especially in southern brazil . it can disperse between fragments up to about 800 m apart from one another in grassland matrix ( pires et al . 2002 ) . a population viability analysis is available for this species also ( brito and da fonseca 2006 ) .
there are no major threats to this species . however , there is habitat loss due to agriculture and urbanization in much of its range .
brito , d . , astua de moraes , d . , de la sancha , n . & flores , d . 2018 .
( amended version of 2015 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2018 : e . t136844a128973570 .
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project noah is a tool to explore and document wildlife and a platform to harness the power of citizen scientists everywhere .
i found this specimen on a tree , near a waterfall , in an environmental reserve of atlantic forest .
i agree
luca1
. . . . and , do you know ? this animals ( this specie , in particular ) are a little
rare
. are difficult to be spotted and occur in few regions .
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lottia langfordi is a species of sea snail , a true limpet , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family lottiidae , one of the families of true limpets .

lottia langfordi

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : lottia langfordi ( t . habe , 1944 ) - id : 5004000058
( of collisella langfordi habe , 1944 ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors
( of collisella langfordi habe , 1944 ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
nakano t . & ozawa t . ( 2007 ) . worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order patellogastropoda : molecular , morphological and paleontological evidence . journal of molluscan studies 73 ( 1 ) : 79–99 . [ details ]
kase t . , nakano t . , kurihara y . & haga t . ( 2013 ) . a middle pleistocene limpet assemblage from central japan ( gastropoda : patellogastropoda ) and selective extinction of intertidal rocky shore molluscs in response to glacio - eustatic sea - level changes . paleontological research . 17 ( 3 ) : 261 - 281 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( habe , 1944 ) . accessed through : xu , k . , an , j . , ding , l . , dong , d . , gao , y . , huang , y . , jiang , w . , lei , y . , li , k . , li , x . , li , y . , liang , x . , lin , g . , lin , m . , liu , h . , liu , j . , liu , w . , liu , x . , lu , d . , ma , z . , ren , x . , sha , z . , sun , j . , sun , s . , sun , z . , tian , l . , wang , d . , wang , j . , wu , x . , xia , b . , xiao , n . , yin , j . , zhang , j . , zhang , s . , zhang , x . , zhao , e . , zheng , x . , zhou , h . , zhou , j . & zhou , k . ( 2018 ) chinese register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 456595 on 2018 - 07 - 09
xu , k . , an , j . , ding , l . , dong , d . , gao , y . , huang , y . , jiang , w . , lei , y . , li , k . , li , x . , li , y . , liang , x . , lin , g . , lin , m . , liu , h . , liu , j . , liu , w . , liu , x . , lu , d . , ma , z . , ren , x . , sha , z . , sun , j . , sun , s . , sun , z . , tian , l . , wang , d . , wang , j . , wu , x . , xia , b . , xiao , n . , yin , j . , zhang , j . , zhang , s . , zhang , x . , zhao , e . , zheng , x . , zhou , h . , zhou , j . & zhou , k . ( 2018 ) . chinese register of marine species .
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .
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fuchigami , t . and sasaki , t . , 2005 : the shell structure of the recent patellogastropoda ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . paleontological research , vol . 9 , no . 2 , pp . 143–168 . ( reference no . 0793 )
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