bicyclus dekeyseri , the western scalloped bush brown , is a butterfly in the nymphalidae family .

it is found in guinea , liberia , ivory coast and ghana .

the habitat consists of deep forests .

bicyclus dekeyseri

mycalesis dekeyseri condamin , 1958 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 20 : 1348
bicyclus ephorus weymer , 1892 ; stettin ent . ztg 53 ( 4 - 6 ) : 79
bicyclus auricruda ; [ bow ] : pl . 115 , f . 2 ; [ nhm card ]
bicyclus anynana ; [ bk ] : 271 , pl . 29 , f . 419 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus vansoni condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1101
bicyclus similis condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 902
bicyclus sylvicolus condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 788
bicyclus nachtetis condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1104
bicyclus maesseni condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1071
bicyclus xeneoides condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 791
bicyclus howarthi condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 908
bicyclus sambulos cyaneus condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 783
bicyclus sambulos unicolor condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1068
bicyclus campina ; [ bow ] : pl . 115 , f . 3 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus campinus carcassoni condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 1164
bicyclus matuta idjwiensis condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1440
bicyclus sanaos melas condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1442
bicyclus sophrosyne overlaeti condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1103
bicyclus smithi eurypterus condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1445
bicyclus ignobilis acutus condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1447
bicyclus xeneas occidentalis condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1108
bicyclus trilophus jacksoni condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 796
bicyclus saussurei angustus condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1073
bicyclus suffusa ituriensis condamin , 1970 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 32 : 1076
= bicyclus denina ; lamas , 2010 , shilap revta . lepid . 38 ( 150 ) : ( 197 - 204 )
bicyclus moyses condamin & fox , 1964 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 26 : 629
bicyclus ignobilis eurini condamin & fox , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 1166
bicyclus kenia ; [ bafr ] , 169 ; [ bk ] : 266 , pl . 28 , f . 403 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus mandanes ; [ bafr ] , 169 ; [ bk ] : 267 , pl . 28 , f . 404 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus vulgaris ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ bk ] : 267 , pl . 28 , f . 406 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus sandace ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ bk ] : 267 , pl . 28 , f . 407 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus ena ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ bk ] : 268 , pl . 29 , f . 409 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus buea ; [ bafr ] , 172 ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 411 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus golo ; [ bafr ] , 174 ; [ bk ] : 270 , pl . 29 , f . 416 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus safitza ; [ afrl ] ; larsen & vane - wright , 2012 , shilap revta . lepid . 40 ( 157 ) : 85
bicyclus campus ; [ bafr ] , 178 ; [ bk ] : 271 , pl . 29 , f . 421 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus milyas ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ bk ] : 272 , pl . 30 , f . 423a ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus pavonis ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ bk ] : 272 , pl . 30 , f . 423 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus funebris ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ bk ] : 273 , pl . 30 , f . 424 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus sophrosyne sophrosyne ; [ bafr ] , 173 ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 413 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus smithi smithi ; [ bafr ] , 174 ; [ bk ] : 270 , pl . 29 , f . 415 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus xeneas ; [ afrl ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 117 , f . 6 ( text only ) ; [ nhm card ]
bicyclus safitza safitza ; [ bafr ] , 178 ; [ bk ] : 271 , pl . 29 , f . 420 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus mesogena mesogena ; [ bafr ] , 168 ( text ) ; [ bk ] : 266 , pl . 28 , f . 402 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus rileyi condamin , 1961 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 23 : 792 ; tl : cameroun , bitje - ja
bicyclus jefferyi ; [ bk ] : 268 , pl . 28 , f . 408 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 170 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus istaris ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 412 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 172 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus mollitia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 173 ; [ bk ] : 269 , pl . 29 , f . 414 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus saussurei angustus ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 177 ; [ bk ] : 270 , pl . 29 , f . 418 ; [ afrl ]
bicyclus taenias ; [ bow ] : pl . 118 , f . 2 ( text only ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ bafr ] , 179 ; [ afrl ]
dicothyris karsch , 1893 ; berl . ent . z . 38 ( 1 / 2 ) : 203 ; ts : mycalesis sambulos hewitson
w . nigeria , cameroun , gabon , congo republic , zaire , equatorial guinea . see [ maps ]
hewitsonii nyongensis ( birket - smith , 1960 ) ( mycalesis ) ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 22 : 550
ephorus bergeri condamin , 1965 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 27 : 1099
mycalesis graueri rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 256
s . nigeria - cameroun , gabon , fernando póo ( macías nguema i . ) . see [ maps ]
idiomorphus zinebi butler , 1869 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 3 ( 13 ) : 19 , pl . 9 , f . 4 ; tl : gold coast
kenya , e . zaire , uganda ( toro ) . see [ maps ]
mesogena mesogenina grünberg , 1912 ² ; ergeb . dt . z . - afr . exped . 3 ( zool . 1 ) : 509
mycalesis sambulos hewitson , 1877 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis & idiomorphus ) : [ 65 ] , pl . [ 34 ] , f . 63 - 64 ; tl : gaboon
c . kenya ( highlands ) , loita , mau hills , n . tanzania , n . lake victoria , s . sudan . see [ maps ]
mycalesis ( ? ) kenia rogenhofer , 1891 ; ann . mus . wien 6 ( 3 ) : 462 , pl . 15 , f . 8
senegal - w . kenya , tanzania ( forests ) , uganda , zaire , gabon , angola . see [ maps ]
gambia - angola , uganda , tanzania , w . kenya . see [ maps ]
mycalesis tolosa plötz , 1880 ; stettin ent . ztg 41 ( 4 - 6 ) : 197 ; tl : abo , aburi und victoria
burundi , rwanda , tanzania , zaire , uganda , w . kenya . see [ maps ]
mycalesis sandace hewitson , 1877 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis & idiomorphus ) : [ 65 ] , pl . [ 34 ] , f . 65 ; tl : fernando po
zululand - swaziland , e . transvaal , rhodesia - kenya , uganda . see [ maps ]
moçambique , rhodesia , zambia , zimbabwe - zaire , e . kenya . see [ maps ]
rhodesia , mozambique , malawi , zambia , s . tanzania , s . zaire ( shaba )
e . tanzania ( usambara mts . - iringa ) . see [ maps ]
mycalesis albocincta rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 260 , pl . 21 , f . 33 - 34
mycalesis neustetteri rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 257 , pl . 21 , f . 29 - 32
mycalesis matuta karsch , 1894 ; ent . nachr . 20 ( 14 / 15 ) : 228
mycalesis persimilis joicey & talbot , 1921 ; bull . hill mus . 1 ( 1 ) : 76 , pl . 13 , f . 38 - 40 ; tl : ruwenzori , western slopes
w . tanzania ( kungwe - mahale mts . ) . see [ maps ]
mycalesis ( monotrichtis ) buea strand , 1912 ; archiv naturg . 77 ( suppl . 4 ) : 109 ; tl : buea ; musake
brunnea ( jackson , 1951 ) ( monotrichtis ) ; proc . r . ent . soc . lond . ( b ) 20 : 97
w . kenya , uganda , e . zaire , s . zaire . see [ maps ]
mycalesis abnormis dudgeon , 1909 ; bull . ent . soc . lond . 1909 : lii
mycalesis fernandina schultze , 1914 ; ent . rundsch . 31 ( 9 ) : 49 ; tl : fernando po
smithi poensis condamin , 1963 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 25 : 906
mycalesis technatis hewitson , 1877 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis & idiomorphus ) : [ 66 ] , pl . [ 34 ] , f . 67 ; tl : gaboon
e . nigeria - cameroun , gabon , congo republic . see [ maps ]
mycalesis nobilis aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 269 , pl . 6 , f . 1 - 2
mycalesis ignobilis butler , 1870 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1870 ( 1 ) : 124 ; tl : gold coast
mycalesis alboplaga rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 257 , pl . 21 , f . 27 - 28
mycalesis elionas hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis vii - viii ) : [ 59 ] , pl . [ 31 ] , f . 41 - 42 ; tl : old calabar
ghana - cameroun , s . zaire ( shaba ) , uganda . see [ maps ]
mycalesis dubia aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 270 , f . 4
zaire , uganda , rwanda , burundi , w . tanzania , kenya ( montane ) . see [ maps ]
burundi , rwanda , e . zaire ( kivu ) , uganda , nw . tanzania , w . kenya ( mt . elgon )
mycalesis saussurei suffusa riley , 1921 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1921 ( 1 - 2 ) : 240 ; tl : nw . rhodesia , solwezi
rhodesia , moçambique , natal , swaziland - ethiopia , s . somalia , kenya , uganda , e . zaire , comoros , socotra . see [ maps ]
mycalesis anynana var . neglecta thurau , 1903 ; berl . ent . z . 48 : 119 [ dry - season ]
kenya - tanzania , zambia , malawi , mozambique , rhodesia , botswana , s . africa , comoro is .
anynana centralis condamin , 1968 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 30 : 603
mycalesis safitza ab . semicoeca strand , 1910 ; soc . ent . 25 ( 2 ) : 6 ; tl : usambara
sw . tanzania ( mpanda ) , zambia , malawi , n . rhodesia . see [ maps ]
n . zambia , s . zaire ( shaba ) , s . tanzania , w . tanzania . see [ maps ]
senegal - ethiopia , w . kenya - mozambique , zimbabwe . see [ maps ]
w . africa , cameroun , c . a . r . , n . zaire , sudan , uganda , ethiopia
mycalesis milyas hewitson , 1864 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis v - vi ) : [ 57 ] , pl . [ 30 ] , f . 34 ; tl : white nile
mycalesis pavonis butler , 1876 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 18 : 481 ; tl : abyssinia
funebris orientalis ( ungemach , 1932 ) ( mycalesis ) ; mém . soc . sci . nat . phys . maroc 32 : 50
guinea , sierra leone - gabon , c . zaire ( kasai ) . see [ maps ]
mycalesis uniformis bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 470 ; tl : makala - beni
mycalesis hyperanthus bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 469 ; tl : makala ; beni - mawambe
nigeria , cameroun - gabon , congo republic , c . zaire . see [ maps ]
mycalesis sciathis hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 4 ] ( mycalesis vii - viii ) : [ 62 ] , pl . [ 32 ] , f . 55 - 56 ; tl : old calabar
guinea - nigeria , zaire , w . uganda ( bwamba ) . see [ maps ]
mycalesis feae aurivillius , 1910 ; ann . mus . stor . nat . genova ( 3 ) 4 / 44 : 516 ; tl : moca , 1400m
mycalesis analis aurivillius , 1895 ; ent . tidskr . 16 : 113 , f . 1 ; tl : camerun , yaunde
mycalesis mildbraedi gaede , 1915 ; int . ent . zs . 9 ( 13 ) : 71 ; tl : bezirk jaunde , cameroons
mycalesis kenia var . inocellata gaede , 1915 ; ent . rundsch . 32 : 50 ; tl : kitumu , s . kenya
mycalesis ( monotrichtis ) hintzi strand , 1912 ; archiv naturg . 77 ( suppl . 4 ) : 110 ; tl : musake
mycalesis campides strand , 1912 ; archiv naturg . 77 ( suppl . 4 ) : 110
mycalesis owassae schultze , 1914 ; ent . rundsch . 31 ( 9 ) : 49 ; tl : o - wassa , fernando - poo
mycalesis noblemairei janet , 1894 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1894 : cclvi ; tl : french congo , niari
mycalesis langi holland , 1920 ; bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 43 ( 6 ) : 139 , pl . 10 , f . 10 ( preocc . mycalesis langi de nicéville , 1883 ) ; tl : congo
mycalesis erysichton ehrmann , 1894 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 2 : 77 ; tl : piquinini sess , liberia , west africa
mycalesis eleutheria rebel , 1911 ; ann . mus . wien . 24 : 412 , pl . 14 , f . 7 - 8
mycalesis completa gaede , 1915 ; int . ent . zs . 9 ( 13 ) : 71 ; tl : bezirk jaunde , cameroon
mycalesis chapini holland , 1920 ; bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 43 ( 6 ) : 140 , pl . 7 , f . 9 ; tl : congo
mycalesis benitonis strand , 1913 ; archiv naturg . 79 a ( 7 ) : 147 ; tl : alen
mycalesis bibundensis strand , 1913 ; archiv naturg . 79 a ( 7 ) : 148 ; tl : w . africa , bibundi in kamerun
mycalesis subignobilis strand , 1913 ; archiv naturg . 79 a ( 7 ) : 149 ; tl : spanish guinea , alen
checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
verzeichniss einer von dem herren missionären e . laman und w . sjöholm bei mukinbungu am unteren congo zu sammengebrachten schmetterlings sammlung
zoological results of the swedish expedition to central africa 1921 . insecta 12 . lepidoptera 1
results from the danish expedition to the french cameroons ( 1949 - 1950 ) xxvii . - lepidoptera
on lepidoptera recently collected in british east africa by mr . g . f . scott elliot
description d ' une espèce nouvelle de mycalesis ( lep satyridae ) ( mission p . l . dekeyser et b . holas au libéria , 1948 )
the genera of diurnal lepidoptera , comprising their generic characters , a notice of their habitats and transformations , and a catalogue of the species of each genus ; illustrated with 86 plates by w . c . hewitson
descriptions of some new species of diurnal lepidoptera , collected by mr . harold cookson , in northern rhodesia , in 1903 and 1904
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
a list of the butterflies collected by mr . william bonny on the journey with mr . stanley from yambuya on the aruwimi river through the great forest of central africa ; with descriptions of nine new species
illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson
a list of butterflies taken on the march to coomassie by lieutenant alwin s . bell , of the 2nd west - india regiment , between mansu and the river prah , with description of new species
lepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species
notes on some new or rare rhopalocera from eastern africa . revisional notes and descriptions of some new east african rhopalocera .
new lepidoptera collected by mr . t . a . barns , in east central africa . new forms of rhopalocera
insekten von baliburg ( deutch - westafrika ) gesammelt von herrn dr . eugen zintgraff
die insecten der berglandschaft adeli im hinterlande von togo ( westafrika ) . 1 . abtheilung : apterygota , odonata , orthoptera saltatoria , lepidoptera rhopalocera
verzeichniss der von professor dr . r . bucholz in west - africa gesammelten schmetterlinge
wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der expedition r . grauernach . zentralafrika . 1909 - 1911 . lepidoptera
descriptions of two new species of lepidoptera collected by dr . w . j . ansorge in east africa
a list of the lepidoptera collected by mr . arthur h . neumann , in neumann , a . h . , elephant hungting in east equatorial africa in neumann ,
neue tagfalter - formen aus usambara , gesammelt von herrn prof . dr . j . vosseler
zoologische ergebnisse der expedition des herrn g . tessmann nach sud - kamerun und spanisch - guinea . lepidoptera
neue rhopaloceren aus ost afrika . ergebnisse der nyassa - see - un kenya - gebirgs - expedition der hermann und elise geb . heckmann - wentzel - stiftung
contribution à l ' étude des lépidoptères d ' abyssinie ( pt . 1 , rhopalocères )
weymer , 1892 exotische lepidopteren vi stettin ent . ztg 53 ( 4 - 6 ) : 79 - 125
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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pheidole purpurea is a dimorphic species of ant found in mexico and central america .

the species shows considerable variance in physical characteristics based on location , though some variance exists even within small populations .

some populations display a metallic , purple sheen .

pheidole purpurea

a member of the diligens group , similar in various characters to pheidole coffeicola , pheidole davidsonae , pheidole gagates , pheidole hoelldobleri , pheidole peregrina , pheidole spilota , pheidole venatrix and pheidole zelata , distinguished as follows .
pheidole : a major worker ant of the species pheidole purpurea ( photo : wiki commons / john t . longino )
one minor worker from a 500m site in northern chiapas ( metzabok ) and one minor worker from a lowland site in the lacandon rainforest of northern chiapas ( playón de la gloria ) have a faint purple sheen , like pheidole purpurea . unlike p . purpurea , the pronotum is smooth and shining . these collections do not have associated majors , and given the similarity of minor workers of p . mooreorum and p . purpurea , these may be variants of p . purpurea instead of p . mooreorum .
the above specimen data are provided by antweb . please see pheidole mooreorum for further details
longino , j . t . 2009 . additions to the taxonomy of new world pheidole . zootaxa 2181 : 1 - 90 . pdf
abouheif got the idea of trying to generate these supersoldier traits in otherwise ordinary ants after an unusual encounter collecting pheidole ants for his research .
in chiapas , mexico , p . mooreorum is broadly sympatric with p . purpurea , with the former being more abundant in middle to high elevations and the latter relatively more abundant in the lowlands . the minor workers are indistinguishable in the sierra madre de chiapas , where both have an intermediate sculptural condition on the minor worker pronotum and neither have the purple sheen . in the chiapas lowlands they are more differentiated , with p . mooreorum having a smooth pronotum and no purple sheen , and p . purpurea having a sculptured pronotum and often a purple sheen .
fariasana . pheidole fariasana wilson , 2003 : 155 , figs . ( s . w . ) mexico . junior synonym of mooreorum : longino , 2009 : 56 .
longino , j . t . , 2009 , additions to the taxonomy of new world pheidole ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . , zootaxa 2181 , pp . 1 - 90
the distinctive major workers have earned the genus pheidole the nickname of
big - headed ants .
the major workers of a pheidole colony , while they may look fierce , are often quite shy and are often the first to flee on any hint of danger . many pheidole species are the prey of parasitoid phorid flies that lay their eggs on the major workers ; the fly larvae grow mainly in the head capsules of the victims , eventually decapitating them , and probably would starve in the bodies of minor workers .
named in honor of gordon and betty moore , in recognition of their outstanding contribution in service and support to tropical conservation , hence the habitats in which the pheidole ants will continue to exist .
wilson , e . o . 2003 . pheidole in the new world : a dominant , hyperdiverse ant genus . harvard university press , cambridge , ma . ( page 209 , fig . major , minor described )
in most cases , the major workers are employed within the nest to break up large food items , or outside to carry large items , such as seeds ; many pheidole species are ecologically important seed consumers (
harvesters
) .
most species of pheidole are dimorphic , which means that colonies contain two castes of workers : the
minor
workers , and the
major
workers , or
soldiers
. the latter generally have enormous heads and mandibles in comparison to their usually fairly modest body size .
pheidole fariasana holotype major worker and associated paratype minor worker : mexico , tamaulipas , 1 mi e gomez farias , 1400 ' , 23 dec 1972 , deciduous tropical forest , nesting in ground under stone ( r . j . hamton , a . b . hamton , b . s . ikeda ) mcz ( examined ) .
all ant species are made up of castes , or groups of ants exclusively designed for specific tasks . typically an ant colony is made up of the queen , worker ants and drones , but a few ant species have evolved additional , specialized castes that help to meet the peculiar needs of that species . for example , among the more than 1 , 000 ant species known to encompass the genus pheidole , only eight contain castes of giant - headed
supersoldiers
that use their oversized noggins to protect the colony from invaders .
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longino , 2009 pdf : 67 , fig . 19 ( s . w . )
occurs in wet to moist forest , from sea level to nearly 1700m . it can be a common epigaeic forager , recruiting rapidly to baits on the ground and often recruiting major workers to baits . a nest was observed beneath a stone .
at the same site ) . two minor workers from the northern end of the sierra madre de chiapas ( sierra morena ) , tentatively identified as
holotype major worker . mexico , chiapas : 21km sw salto de agua , 17 . 38542°n 92 . 42802°w , ±200m , 180m , 15 jun 2008 ( llama # ba - a - 08 - 3 - 01 - 10 ) [ unam , unique specimen identifier casent0609143 ] .
paratypes : major and minor workers . same data as holotype ; same data but llama # ba - a - 08 - 3 - 03 - 18 and ba - a - 08 - 3 - 04 - 18 [ bmnh , cas , fmnh , inbc , jtlc , lacm , mcz , mhng , miza , mzsp , ucd , unam , usnm ] .
measurements ( paratype ) : hl 0 . 66 , hw 0 . 55 , hla 0 . 24 , sl 0 . 85 , el 0 . 15 , ml 0 . 86 , psl 0 . 04 , pmg 0 . 03 , spl 0 . 03 , ptw 0 . 11 , ppw 0 . 16 , ci 83 , si 156 , psli 6 , pmgi 4 , spli 4 , ppi 146 .
measurements ( holotype ) : hl 1 . 18 , hw 1 . 12 , hla 0 . 37 , sl 0 . 89 , el 0 . 20 , ml 1 . 10 , psl 0 . 07 , pmg 0 . 03 , spl 0 . 05 , ptw 0 . 19 , ppw 0 . 28 , iht 0 . 40 , oht 0 . 50 , ci 96 , si 79 , psli 6 , pmgi 3 , spli 4 , ppi 148 , hti 80 .
occurs in mesophyl forest throughout the state of chiapas , mexico , from sea level to nearly 1700m . it can be a common epigaeic forager , recruiting rapidly to baits on the ground and often recruiting major workers to baits . a nest was observed beneath a stone .
. major worker : a , face view ; b , lateral view ; c , dorsal view ; d , hypostomal margin . minor worker : e , face view ; f , lateral view ; g , dorsal view ; h , hind tibia . a - c , holotype major worker ; d , non - type major worker ; e - h , paratype minor worker . scale bar 0 . 5mm for e , 1mm for others .
mexico : chiapas , sierra morena , 16°09 ' 15
n , 93°35 ' 23
w , 1150m ( j . longino ) ; custepec , 15°42 ' 46
n , 92°56 ' 25
w , 1660m ( llama ) ; 13 . 7km nw metzabok , 17°11 ' 26
n , 91°44 ' 15
w , 540m ( r . s . anderson ) ; 2km s playon de la gloria , 16°08 ' 19
n , 90°54 ' 05
w , 170m ( llama ) ; 12km nw flor de cafe , 16°08 ' 25
n , 91°16 ' 17
w , 520m ( r . s . anderson ) ; 8km se salto de agua , 17°30 ' 57
n , 92°18 ' 10
w , 100m ( llama ) ; lago metzabok , 17°07 ' 32
n , 91°37 ' 51
w , 570m ( llama ) ; 8km se salto de agua , 17°30 ' 51
n , 92°17 ' 41
w , 70m ( llama ) ; naha , 16°58 ' 47
n , 91°35 ' 08
w , 860m ( llama ) ; 15km ene huixtla , 15°11 ' n , 92°20 ' w , 1200m ( i . perfecto ) .
26 times found in 2º wet forest , 37 times found in 2º lowland rainforest , 26 times found in tropical rainforest , 20 times found in lowland wet forest , 8 times found in mesophil forest , 8 times found in 2º lowland tropical rainforest , 7 times found in mature wet forest , 6 times found in tropical moist forest , 3 times found in bosque tropical húmedo , 1 times found in coffee farm , . . .
85 times at bait , 67 times ex sifted leaf litter , 1 times under stone , 1 times beating vegetation , 1 times at tuna bait .
82 times baiting , 40 times miniwinkler , 23 times maxiwinkler , 3 times bait , 3 times berlese , 2 times search , 1 times at bait , 1 times beating , 1 times winkler .
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this species occurs in a wide variety of habitats : dry forest , rainforest , and cloud forest , from sea level to 1800m elevation , in disturbed synanthropic habitats or less disturbed forest with intact canopy . it can be locally common . collections are most often from baits on forest floor , or scattered workers in winkler samples . major workers are often recruited to baits along with minor workers . the types of p . fariasana were from a nest found beneath a stone . ( longino 2009 )
mexico ( tamaulipas ) to costa rica ( northern pacific lowlands and northern cordilleras ) .
the following information is derived from barry bolton ' s new general catalogue , a catalogue of the world ' s ants .
unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description .
sparse minor worker collections from montane sites in guatemala , and multiple collections with major workers from lowland dry forest habitat in northwestern costa rica are , on average , like the type series of p . fariasana . occasionally the sculpture is more extensive . in some lighting conditions the costa rican material may have a very faint purple sheen .
in the cordillera de tilarán in costa rica , in moist forest around 1400m elevation , a relatively uniform population occurs in which the minor workers have a strongly sculptured pronotum , and the minor workers are somewhat bicolored , with mesosoma light brown and head and gaster darker brown .
given the high degree of morphological variability , it is likely that p . mooreorum will resolve into multiple cryptic species .
major : head and body overall richly pilose ; sides of head in full - face view relatively straight and parallel ; mesonotal convexity prominent , its apex seen from the side tilted forward ; humerus in dorsal - oblique view lobose , and pronotum weakly bilobose ; postpetiole elliptical from above ; rugoreticulum absent from head , and carinulae absent from frontal lobes .
minor : occiput narrowed , with nuchal collar ; dorsal promesonotal profile in dorsal - oblique view smoothly rounded ; head and body abundantly pilose .
measurements ( mm ) holotype major : hw 1 . 12 , hl 1 . 24 , sl 0 . 86 , el 0 . 20 , pw 0 . 62 . paratype minor : hw 0 . 66 , hl 0 . 78 , sl 0 . 94 , el 0 . 14 , pw 0 . 44 .
color major : head and body rich medium reddish brown , appendages light reddish brown .
minor : head and body plain dark brown ; appendages light to yellowish brown except for tarsi , which are yellow .
figure . upper : holotype , major . lower : paratype , minor . scale bars = 1 mm .
holotype major worker and associated paratype minor worker : mexico , veracruz , los tuxtlas , 10km nnw sontecomapan , 18°35 ' n 95°05 ' w , 200m , 20 mar 1985 , ground foragers , rainforest ( p . s . ward 7339 ) museum of comparative zoology ( examined ) .
this page was last modified on 8 december 2015 , at 13 : 50 .
. the genus is widespread and ecologically dominant . it probably includes more than a thousand species
in addition , as in other ant species , a colony may contains one or several queens and also , in mature colonies , alates , virgin winged females and males .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 7 / 29 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
treating ant larvae with a hormone at a particular point in their development transforms them into gigantic soldiers with mega - oversized heads .
in the comic book
captain america ,
the captain is created after being injected with a top secret
super - soldier serum
capable of transforming even scrawny men into formidable supersoldiers .
now an international team of scientists led by dr . ehab abouheif of mcgill university in montreal has discovered a simple hormone treatment that could turn this fiction into a reality . that is , if you happen to be an ant .
abouheif ' s team has learned how to mutate any ordinary worker ant into a giant - headed , armor - clad
supersoldier
merely by adding a hormone during a particular point in the ant larvae ' s development , according to the bbc . the breakthrough technique could possibly be used to unlock hidden traits in other species too , say researchers .
we were collecting [ the ants ] on long island , new york , and we noticed some monstrous - looking soldiers ,
he said .
since the species he was observing at the time wasn ' t known to include a supersoldier caste , abouheif became curious about where the mega - domed specimens had come from . closer study revealed that they were actually mutants — ants that had had their development altered after hormonal abnormalities occurred during their larval stage .
abouheif realized this likely meant that supersoldier traits were inherent — just unexpressed — in the ant species . he went on to use the hormonal treatment to successfully generate a supersoldier caste in at least two
ordinary
ant species that do not naturally express it .
if you treat any species at the right time in development , just with a hormone , you can induce the development of the supersoldier ,
he suggested .
the fact that you can induce it in all these different species [ that don ' t naturally have that caste ] , means that one common ancestor of all these species had [ supersoldiers ] .
abouheif also believes that a similar technique could be used to unlock hidden ancestral traits in a variety of organisms besides just ants . for instance , he thinks some crop plants could potentially be altered to produce a higher nutritional value . he even thinks a cure for cancer might be found using the technique .
who ' s to say that all of that crazy growth that occurs in cancer isn ' t the unleashing of some kind of ancestral potential ?
he said .
maybe a real life captain america isn ' t that far off after all .
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humpback whales have been witnessed foiling killer whale hunts from antarctica to the north pacific .
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report by john t . ( jack ) longino , the evergreen state college .
this is a working list of the ants of montaña chiclera , guatemala , based on project llama sampling . specimen records have been uploaded to the antweb database and are periodically updated .
this is a static webpage with links to the antweb species pages , where you can see distribution maps on google earth . if links are dead , that means the database has changed as hypotheses of species boundaries evolve and names change .


the capuchinbird or calfbird ( perissocephalus tricolor ) is a large passerine bird of the family cotingidae .

it is monotypic within the genus perissocephalus .

it is found in humid forests ( up to 1,400 metres ( 4,600 ft ) but mostly below 600 m ) in north-eastern south america , almost entirely north of the amazon river and east of rio negro ( colombia , venezuela , brazil and the guianas ) .

capuchinbird

capuchinbird ( perissocephalus tricolor ) is a species of bird in the cotingidae family .
status : the capuchinbird is categorized as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list .
eduard solà selected
capuchinbird
to show in overview on
perissocephalus tricolor ( statius muller , 1776 )
.
notes : the bizarre call of the capuchinbird ( or calfbird ) ( perissocephalus tricolor ) in the forest of guyana . more info
restall ( 2006 ) et al . suggested that capuchinbird may
recall a small black vulture [ coragyps atratus ] with its bare head and uniform mantle
.
wthin its range capuchinbird is essentially unmistakable . the combination of its
cowled
head , large size , and ochraceous brown coloration contribute to a strange but unique appearance .
the capuchinbird or calfbird ( perissocephalus tricolor ) is found in humid forests in north - eastern south america , almost entirely north of the amazon river and east of rio negro .
the capuchinbird ' s
song
is so un - birdlike it is difficult to imagine the birds producing these sounds . this video captures one male singing — notice his stiff upright posture , his inflating and deflating body , and especially the odd tuft of feathers he is displaying near his tail . the origin of . . . read more »
communication : the call of the capuchinbird is very similar to the lowing of a calf , giving them the common name of calfbird . inhaled air is stored in sacks on either side of the neck . when the bird is finished breathing in , it will lean back and “moo” with feathers fluffed out around the bare head . the call is loud and carries for long distances .
capuchinbird is a large , odd looking bird with a short tail , bald blue gray head and a heavy bill . the plumage is mostly ochre brown , darker on the rump , and is reddish chestnut on the belly . the undertail coverts , which are orange rufous , are long and curled in the male , and are capable of being raised out like globular orangish
tail lights
during lekking displays . the undertail coverts of females , however , are not lengthened . the wings and tail are blackish , with white underwing coverts .
the capuchinbird is a thick - set bird with a relatively heavy bill ; its plumage is overall rich brown , approaching orange on the belly and undertail coverts , and the remiges and short tail are black . the most distinctive feature is its bare , almost vulture - like head covered in dull blue skin . juveniles resemble adults , with the exception of some downy feathers on the head . they gather in leks where they
sing
. the
song
is very odd and difficult to describe accurately , although some have compared it to the distant sound of a chainsaw or ( as indicated by its alternative name calfbird ) a cow mooing . they eat mainly fruits and insects .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' uncommon ' ( stotz et al . 1996 ) . trend justification : this species is suspected to lose 8 . 1 - 8 . 4 % of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations ( 10 years ) based on a model of amazonian deforestation ( soares - filho et al . 2006 , bird et al . 2011 ) . it is therefore suspected to decline by < 25 % over three generations .
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) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
no flash player has been set up . please select a player to play flash videos .
a bird in a lek , repeated in slow motion , followed by a view of the habitat with calls of this species on the background .
first a dorsal , then a frontal , and then a ventral view of a bird in a lek , all of them partly concealed by vegetation .
a close - up of a bird on a branch , preening , ejecting a corn grain and eating it again .
pieter de groot boersma , david ascanio , josep del hoyo , thore noernberg .
carlos gussoni , anselmo d affonseca , dubi shapiro , thore noernberg , tomasz doroń , richardgreenhalgh031 , elias neideck , mark andrews .
this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : perissocephalus tricolor . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
capuchbird seen a leck in the la escalara area , near las claritas , venezuela . january 2011
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 152 side a track 26 seq . b )
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 152 side a track 26 seq . a )
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 13 side b track 4 seq . a )
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 13 side b track 7 seq . a )
distance to mic . 60m . natural vocalisations of at least three birds from group of 6 + at ' lek ' , very near start of sentier la fumee .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
the peace of the vast guyanan jungle is abruptly broken with the dawn chorus of male capuchinbirds , one of the most bizarre birds in south america . the singing male bows forward , then suddenly stretches to his full length , raising a monk - like cowl of feathers around his naked blue - gray head . the . . . read more »
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check out this handsome fella . notice how his eyes methodically search his surroundings as he slowly moves his head . published on nov 26 , 2015 . read more »
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description : capuchinbirds , also known as calfbirds ( due to the sound of their call ) have an unmistakable and odd appearance . most of the head is featherless , making the head look too small for its body . the skin on the crown and face is a pale bluish gray . the body is mainly cinnamon brown , getting brighter on the lower underparts . wings are dusky with white underwing coverts . the tail is black .
size : a fairly large bird , males reach around 14 inches ( 35 . 5 cm ) in length and 12 . 7 ounces ( 360 gr ) in weight ; females grow to be about 13 . 5 inches ( 34 . 5 cm ) long and 11 . 3 ounces ( 319 gr ) in weight .
behavior : when not in leks , capuchinbirds are quite solitary . they can be seen in various levels of the forest , although they are most commonly found in the subcanopy and middle levels . when males lek , as many as eight may gather in understory trees – usually a dominant male and his subordinates . they display by emitting a loud call . somewhat “synchronized” moo - calls by two males in close proximity to each other are often heard .
diet : their diet consists mainly of fruit , but large insects are also consumed .
reproduction : nest is a small open cup made out of twigs . it is usually built 10 - 20 feet ( 3 - 6 m ) above ground in an understory tree . clutch size is one egg that is incubated for about 26 - 27 days . the female incubates the eggs , feeds the chicks and tends the nest .
habitat / range : it is found in brazil , colombia , french guiana , guyana , suriname , and venezuela . its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests .
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adult : sexes similar , although the male is larger ( see measurements ) and has longer undertail coverts . large , bulky , with short tail , heavy bill , and bare crown . upperparts generally dill cinnamon . feathers on the back of the head dense and upright standing , forming a prominent cowl , and imparting a
hunchbacked
appearance . uppertail coverts blackish with dull cinnamon tips . remiges blackish , outer webs of the tertials with brownish fringes . rectrices black . underparts deeper cinnamon , especially from the breast to the vent . undertail coverts of male long and orange rufous ; undertail coverts short in female . underwing coverts creamy white .
juvenile : similar to adult , but has sparse down on the bare areas of the head .
little information . molt apparently is very protracted , and may extend over as many as 220 days ( snow 1976 ) . in guyana molt is initiated in march - july , but in other regions the timing of molt is less well defined ( kirwan and green 2011 ) .
wing length : mean 217 . 3 mm ( range 210 - 232 mm ) ; mean wing length of live individuals , 225 . 0 mm ( n = 5 )
tail length : mean 103 . 2 mm ( range 100 - 107 mm )
tarsus length : mean 43 . 1 mm ( range 41 - 45 mm )
culmen length : mean 35 . 7 mm ( range 32 - 38 mm )
wing length : mean 203 . 1 mm ( range 197 - 210 mm ) ; mean wing length of live individuals , 221 . 5 mm ( n = 6 )
tail length : mean 100 . 2 mm ( range 96 - 104 mm )
tarsus length : mean 40 . 0 mm ( range 38 - 42 mm )
mass : male , mean 360 . 0 g ( range 320 - 395 g , n = 5 ; snow 1982 )
del hoyo , j . elliott , a . & christie , d . ( editors ) . ( 2004 ) handbook of the birds of the world . volume 9 : cotingas to pipits and wagtails . lynx edicions . isbn 84 - 87334 - 69 - 5
eduard solà added the catalan common name
ocell caputxí
to
perissocephalus tricolor ( statius muller , 1776 )
.
kari pihlaviita marked the finnish common name
härkäkotinga
from
perissocephalus tricolor ( statius muller , 1776 )
as trusted .
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this article is part of project aves , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each bird , including made - up species .
this article is part of project passeriformes , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each passerine , including made - up species .
this article is part of project cotingidae , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each cotinga , including made - up species .
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it is a thickset bird with a relatively heavy bill . the plumage is mainly a rich brown – turning orangy on the belly and undertail coverts – and the remiges ( flight feathers - typically only visible in flight ) and its short tail is black .
its most distinctive feature is its bare , almost vulture - like head that is covered in dull blue skin .
males gather in leks ( competitive mating displays ) , where they
sing
to attract females .
their song has been compared to the distant sound of a chainsaw or a cow mooing .
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throughout history , crows , ravens and other black birds were feared as symbols of evil or death . …
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latridius is a genus of beetles in the family latridiidae , containing the following species : latridius amplus johnson , 1977 latridius assimilis ( mannerheim , 1844 ) latridius brevicollis ( thomson , 1868 ) latridius canariensis ( palm , 1972 ) latridius consimilis ( mannerheim , 1844 ) latridius crenatus ( le conte , 1855 ) latridius desertus ( fall , 1899 ) latridius gemellatus ( mannerheim , 1844 ) latridius hirtus gyllenhal , 1827 latridius minutus ( linnaeus , 1767 ) latridius mongolicus rücker , 1983 latridius nigritus ( fall , 1899 ) latridius peacockae ( sen gupta , 1976 ) latridius perminutus johnson , 1977 latridius reflexus ( leconte , 1855 ) latridius porcatus ( herbst , 1793 ) latridius protensicollis mannerheim , 1843

latridius

из позднеэоценового ровенского янтаря описан latridius usovae sergi et perkovsky , sp . n . новый вид отличается от latridius alexeevi bukejs , kirejtshuk et rucker , 2011 и l . jantaricus borowiec , 1985 из балтийского янтаря формой переднеспинки , надкрыльев , средних и задних голеней .
johnson , c . , rucker , w . h . latridius regalis spec . nov . , eine neue art der gattung latridius ( coleoptera ) aus osterreich / / latridiidae - mitteilungsblatt fur systematik und taxonomie der latridiidae - 2011 . - 8 . - s . 21 - 23 .
based on a fossil specimen from late eocene rovno amber , latridius usovae sergi et perkovsky , sp . n . is described . it differs from latridius alexeevi bukejs , kirejtshuk et rucker , 2011 and l . jantaricus borowiec , 1985 ( both described from baltic amber ) by the shape of pronotum , elytra , mid and hind tibiae .
bukejs , a . , kirejtshuk , a . g . , rucker , w . h . new species of latridius ( coleoptera : latridiidae ) from baltic amber / / baltic journal of coleopterology . - 2011 . - 11 , n 2 . - p . 203 - 207 .
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native to palaearctic , adventive in the new world ; in our area , across so . canada and the us ( nf - ak to md - la - tx & co - ca )
the most common latridiid associated with stored products ( incl . grains ) ; especially frequent in putrid , mouldy vegetables and decaying hay / grass ; in buildings , hymenoptera nests , bird nests , manure heaps , decomposing fungi , wood stacks , on various mouldy objects ; native habitats ( e . g . , coniferous forests ) ; has been reared from dead conifer wood
beetles associated with stored products in canada : an identification guide bousquet y . 1990 . research branch agriculture canada , publication 1837 .
latridiidae ( coleoptera ) of atlantic canada : new records , keys to identification , new synonyms , distribution , and zoogeography majka c . g . , langor d . , rücker w . h . 2009 . the canadian entomologist 141 : 317 - 370 .
herbst in jablonsky , 1793 . accessed at : urltoken ; = 989870 on 2018 - 07 - 09
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full reference : j . f . w . herbst . 1793 . natursystem aller bekannten in - und ausländischen insekten als eine fortsezzung der von büffonschen naturgeschichte . der käfer fünfter theil 1 - 392
parent taxon : latridiinae according to h . p . reike et al . 2017
see also bouchard et al . 2011 , hawkeswood et al . 2009 , herbst 1793 , lesne 1920 , reike et al . 2013 and sergi and perkovsky 2014
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2 schmalhausen institute of zoology , nas of ukraine , vul . b . khmelnytskogo , 15 , kyiv , 01601 ukraine
borowiec , l . two new species of lathridius sensu lato ( coleoptera : lathridiidae ) from baltic amber / / polskie pismo entomologiczne . - 1985 . - 55 . - p . 251 - 254 .
dudka , i . o . , trikchleb , t . a . , romanenko , k . o . associations of myxomycetes with coleoptera ( latridiidae ) / / ecology and noospherology . - 2002 . - 12 , n 3 - 4 . - p . 54 - 64 . - ukrainian : дудка і . о . , трихліб т . а . , романенко к . о . асоціації міксоміцетів з жуками - скритниками ( coleoptera , latridiidae ) .
fall , h . c . revision of the lathridiidae of boreal america / / transactions of the american entomological society . - 1899 . - 26 . - p . 101 - 190 + pls . 3 - 5 .
johnson , c . latridiidae / / catalogue of palaearctic coleoptera / eds . i . lobl , a . smetana . - stenstrup : apollo books , 2007 . - vol . 4 . elateroidea , derodontoidea , bostrichoidea , lymexyloidea , cleroidea , cucujoidea . - p . 635 - 648 . `
hatch , m . h . th e beetles of the pacifi c northwest . part iii . pselaphidae and diversicornia i . - seattle : university of washington press , 1962 . - 503 p .
hinton , h . e . th e lathridiidae of economic importance / / bulletin of entomological research . - 1941 . - 32 . - p . 191 - 247 .
krasutsky , b . v . mycetophilous beetles of ural and trans - ural . vol . 2 . fungus - insect system . - chelyabinsk : ural section of the russian entomological society , 2005 . - 213 p . - russian : красуцкий б . в .
perkovsky , e . e . , zosimovich , v . yu . , vlaskin , a . p . a rovno amber fauna : a preliminary report / / acta zool . cracov . - 2003 . - 46 ( suppl . - fossil insects ) . - p . 423 - 430 .
perkovsky , e . e . , zosimovich , v . yu . , vlaskin , a . p . rovno amber in biodiversity of fossils in amber from the major world deposits / ed . d . penney . - manchester : siri scientifi c press , 2010 . - р . 116 - 136 .
rucker , w . h . kulonboző csapu bogarak vi ( diversicornia vi ) . bunkoscsapu bogarak vii ( clavicornia vii ) : merophysiidae , latridiidae , dasyceridae / / magyarorszag allatvilaga ( fauna hungariae ; n 158 ) . - budapest : akademiai kiado , 1983 . - 68 p .
rucker , w . h . checklist latridiidae & merophysiinae of the world / / latridiidae & merophysiinae . - 2010 . - 9 . - s . 1 - 16 .
cite score 2016 : 0 . 35 scimago journal rank ( sjr ) 2016 : 0 . 300 source normalized impact per paper ( snip ) 2016 : 0 . 496
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museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken
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