the least weasel ( mustela nivalis ) , or simply weasel in the uk , is the smallest member of the genus mustela and of the family mustelidae ( as well as the smallest of the carnivora ) , native to eurasia , north america and north africa , though it has been introduced to new zealand , australia , malta , crete , bermuda , madeira island , the azores , the canary islands , sao tome , the falkland islands , argentina and chile .

it is classed as being of least concern by the iucn , due to its wide distribution and presumed large population .

least weasels from various parts of its range vary greatly in size .

the body is slender and elongated and the legs and tail are relatively short .

the colour varies geographically , as does the pelage type and length of tail .

the dorsal surface , flanks , limbs and tail of the animal are usually some shade of brown while the underparts are white .

the line delineating the boundary between the two colours is usually straight .

at high altitudes and in the northern part of its range , the coat becomes pure white in winter .

eighteen subspecies are recognised .

small rodents form the largest part of the least weasel 's diet , but it also kills and eats rabbits , other mammals , and occasionally birds , birds ' eggs , fish and frogs .

males mark their territories with olfactory signals and have exclusive home ranges which may intersect with or include several female ranges .

least weasels use pre-existing holes to sleep , store food and raise their young .

breeding takes place in the spring and summer , and there is a single litter of about six kits which are reared exclusively by the female .

due to its small size and fierce nature , the least weasel plays an important part in the mythology and legend of various cultures .

least weasel

least weasel
wildlife explorer . international masters publishers ab , 1998 , usa .
the least weasel has wide distribution and presumed large population , but no estimate of population size is available for this species . currently the least weasel is classified as least concern ( lc ) and their numbers today remain stable .
the white winter fur of the least weasel glows a bright lavender color when under ultraviolet light .
to read more about weasel folklore and legends , check out the way of the weasel .
there are two species of weasels native to indiana : the long - tailed weasel ( mustela frenata ) and the least weasel ( mustela rixosa ) .
through much of its european range , the least weasel overlaps with the somewhat larger but otherwise similar stoat .
erratum to : origin and introduction history of the least weasel ( mustela nivalis ) on mediterranean a . . .
deep in the woods of the northeast asian deciduous forest roams the least weasel . its long slender body and sharp nails help this mammal hunt day and night . the least weasel is the smallest carnivore in the world . the least weasel ' s habitat consists of living in stone walls , hedges , farmland , and the woods . least weasels avoid deep forests , sandy deserts , and open spaces . male and female least weasels both have their own territory . females
lechleitner , r . r . 1954 . least weasel in glacier national park . j . mammal . 35 : 594 .
sundell , j . 2003 . reproduction of the least weasel in captivity : basic observations and the influence of food availability .
fictional weasel characters created within the fandom include supermegatopia ' s weasel boy and tracy kazaleh ' s shadow and miniver .
the species can also be differentiated by their tail ; the long - tailed weasel has a black tipped tail , while the tip of least weasel ' s tail is brown in summer .
= = predators and competitors = = the least weasel is small enough to be preyed upon by a range of other predators .
weasels are the most characteristic members of the zoological family mustelidae , which itself is commonly called the
weasel family
. the least weasel is the smallest member of the zoological order carnivora .
weasels are mammals in the genus mustela of the mustelidae family . originally , the name
weasel
was applied to one species of the genus , the european form of the least weasel .
the least weasel has a variety of habitats including meadows , fields , brushy areas , and open woods . it avoids dense forests .
because of its tiny size there is little commercial value in least weasel fur , though trapping one is thought to bring good luck .
as rodent predators , least weasels help maintain rodent populations . this is especially important in the tundra ecosystem , where least weasels help keep lemming populations in check . bird species in new zealand , where least weasels were introduced , are negatively affected by weasel predation , especially ground - dwelling
= = = predators and competitors = = = the least weasel is small enough to be preyed upon by a range of other predators .
the least weasel ' s diet consists of mice , rats , moles , small birds , bird ' s eggs , rabbits , and poultry . the least weasel ' s claws and sharp teeth help this animal to catch their prey . the least weasel is the smallest carnivore in the world . it can kill prey up to 5 times its own size . the least weasel ' s predators are large hawks and owls . this animal benefits our environment because it kills rodents to keep the population low . one way a least weasel helps itself survive in its environment is its coat and how it changes to blend in with the snow . the least weasel is not endangered but more of them are dying because the loggers are pushing them out of their home . this animal has basically no predators but because of its short life span its not overpopulated .
what ' s in a name ? the least weasel ( mustela nivalis ) is the smallest member of the weasel genus , mustela and indeed the smallest living carnivore . in britain it is known simply as the weasel , and this is the original use of the word .
least weasels are effective rodent predators . by preying on rodents , which can transmit disease , eat economically valuable crops , and cause extensive property damage , humans directly benefit both economically and health - wise from least weasels . trappers are also able to benefit from least weasels caught in traps set for larger animals . least weasel pelts are not very valuable in canada , but some weasel pelts are used as lining and trim on coats and mittens .
phylogeographic variation in two mustelines , the least weasel mustela nivalis and the ermine m . erminea of japan , based on mitochondrial dna control region sequences
named the least weasel ( mustela nivalis ) for its small size among weasels , it is still a proficient hunter throughout much of the northern hemisphere .
economic value the fur of the least weasel is seldom taken and is so small that it is of little or no value in the fur trade .
there are three species of weasels in minnesota , the short - tailed weasel ( mustela erminea ) , the long - tailed weasel ( mustela ( renata , and the least weasel . all belong to a family of mostly long , narrow
tube - shaped
animals in the family mustelidae .
in winter the coat of the least weasel turns entirely white . though soft , the fur lacks the silky elegance of the short - tailed weasel , or ermine , whose coat was coveted by native americans and european royalty .
in english - language popular culture in particular , the term ' weasel ' is associated with devious characters . a cartoon shown on cartoon network is entitled ' i am weasel ' , whose main character is a weasel . two pokémon are based on the weasel , buizel and floatzel .
beyond the
true weasels
comprising mustela , the name weasel also is used for various species in other genera in mustelidae , notably the patagonian weasel ( lyncodon patagonicus ) , the libyan striped weasel ( poecilictus libyca ) , and the white - naped weasel ( poecilogale albinucha ) .
stromberg , m . r . 1981 . new record of the least weasel in wyoming . prairie nat . 13 ( 2 ) : 45 - 46 .
constitute much of a least weasel’s diet in more southern populations ; almost 100 percent of a weasel ' s diet is made up of rodents if they are abundant . when rodents are scarce , least weasels will also feed upon birds’ eggs , lizards , amphibians , small fish , and invertebrates . rodents , especially
the least weasel , leads a solitary lifestyle except for when breeding . though the least weasel is sometimes visible in the daytime , it’s most active at night . both male and female least weasels defend their territories from others of the same sex , according to the minnesota department of natural resources . a single least weasel ' s territory can span up to 24 . 3 hectares , which they establish by giving off pungent odors from their anal glands . when threatened the least weaselit produces a loud , harsh chirp or screech , and assumes a
weasel war dance
. this dance is characterized by leaps , twists , barks , and arching of the back . when it’s with a mate or summoning young ones , it least weasels may produce a low trill . the least weasel is the world ' s smallest carnivore , and is preyed upon by such other , larger predators as snakes , hawks , owls , foxes , coyotes , and house cats .
to cite this page for personal use : least weasel . [ online ] . natural history notebooks . canadian museum of nature . last updated ( web site consulted
the fur of the least weasel fluoresces ( glows ) in ultraviolet light . weasels have voracious appetites , and the least weasel eats about 30 percent of its weight each day . because weasels have a high surface area to weight ratio , they conserve body heat in winter by curling into a ball and lowering their metabolism .
= = = territorial and social behaviours = = = the least weasel has a typical mustelid territorial pattern , consisting of exclusive male ranges encompassing multiple female ranges .
newell , toni lynn .
mustela nivalis ( least weasel ) : narrative
, urltoken m . _ nivalis $ narrative . html ( 12 / 02 )
comparative phylogeography of the endemic japanese weasel ( mustela itatsi ) and the continental siberian weasel ( m . sibirica ) , revealed by complete mitochondrial genome sequences
in addition to the better known species , there are a large number of exotic and obscure weasel species such as mustela sibirica ( the kolinsky , or siberian weasel ) and poecilogale albinucha ( the north african striped weasel ) .
though a ruthless hunter , the least weasel does play an important role in its surroundings . its feverish hunting reduces rodent population which benefits nearby agricultural fields . there is also no need to worry about overpopulation , especially in indiana . historical trapping , habitat loss and land development has kept the least weasel population small in our state for many years . the least weasel has a short lifespan , but it is also a species of special concern in the state as it is very rare . today , least weasels are only found in the grassy fields or marshes of northern indiana .
in the northern arctic regions , are vitally important for weasel reproductive success . least weasel reproduction is tightly interconnected with lemming abundance , as there are not many other prey species for northern populations of least weasels . northern populations of weasels cycle more apparently than those found in southern populations due to the strong food requirements placed upon lemmings , which also undergo population cycling ; however , least weasel populations naturally peak and subside , even with alternative food sources available , like populations in more southern regions .
, and other birds of prey , such as falcons , eagles , and hawks . least weasels may also be preyed upon by other larger weasel species , such as
as a small carnivore , the least weasel ' s main food sources are small rodents , such as mice , bank voles , and field voles . in a day , a least weasel can eat 1 to 1½ mice , totaling more than half of its own body weight . still , the least weasel is an opportunistic predator that will also eat small fish , birds , insects , lizards , and birds ' eggs . when the least weasel encounters its prey , it swiftly grabs it by the back of the head , and bites through its skull in quick succession . after about 30 seconds , the prey dies . after eating to its fill , least weasels store excess food in their burrow , to ensure that they have food for the future .
: the least weasel appears restricted to the northeast and north - central portions of the state . it is found most commonly in meadows and grasslands , reaching its greatest grasslands , reaching its greatest abundance in marshy areas , and is least common in woodlands .
breeding interval least weasels breed one to three times per year , depending on prey density .
least weasels are effective rodent predators . by preying on rodents , which can transmit disease , eat economically valuable crops , and cause extensive property damage , humans directly benefit both economically and health - wise from least weasels . trappers are also able to benefit , albeit not strongly , from least weasels caught as bycatch in traps set for larger fur - bearers . least weasel pelts do not have substantial economic value in canada , but some weasel pelts are used as lining and trim on garments such as luxury coats and mittens .
don ' t let his size fool you ! watch the least weasel take down his prey in this clip from the secret life of predators on the national geographic channel .
henttonen h . 1987 . the impact of spacing behaviour in microtine rodents on the dynamics of the least weasel & # x2014 ; a hypothesis . oikos 50 : 366–370 .
characteristics the least weasel is considerable smaller , with a very short tail , and males may measure up to 8 inches in length , while females measure about 6 inches .
the least weasel may have three to ten young , but averages five which may be born at any time of the year but most frequently are born in late winter .
mcdonald , r . a . 2013 . mustela nivalis least weasel ( common weasel ) / mustela subpalmata egyptian weasel . in : j . kingdon and m . hoffmann ( eds ) , the mammals of africa . volume v : carnivores , pangolins , equids and rhinoceroses , pp . 85 - 87 . bloomsbury publishing , london .
the coat of the least weasel , as with all weasels , will turn white in the winter . least weasels are found only in the northern part of the state and are more likely to turn completely white . species found in warmer climates will stay partially brown .
more general myths about the weasel are equally unkind to the poor little creature .
the kamaitachi (
sickle weasel
) is a supernatural japanese weasel which moves too fast to be seen and attacks by cutting its victims with a sickle .
blomquist l . , muuronen p . and rantanen v . 1981 . breeding the least weasel in helsinki zoo . zoologische garten n . f . , jena 51 : 363–368 .
least weasels are very aggressive and will defend their territory , attacking much bigger animals when necessary .
most interesting about the least weasel is that it is the smallest carnivore . it is amazing that something so small can kill something so much bigger than it can . its habitat and biome , the northeast asian deciduous forest , is endangered . the least weasels are fleeing from their homes and drowning in oceans trying to get away from the loggers . if we try to preserve the northeast asian deciduous forest we can help the least weasel from being extinct .
montana field guides , least weasel .
urltoken . montana natural heritage program & montana fish , wildlife and parks , n . d . web . 11 feb . 2013 .
length : the short - tailed weasel measures seven to 14 inches . the long - tailed weasel is slightly larger , about 16 inches , and has a longer tail .
the weasel pre - breeding season population is estimated to be 450 , 000 adults .
individuals adopting weasel persona characters include cargo , micole , sebkha , and silent red .
swanson , e . , and p . o . fryklund . 1935 . the least weasel in minnesota and its fluctuation in numbers . the american midland naturalist 16 : 120 - 126 .
while they are not considered rare in north america , least weasels are more common in europe and asia , and are not globally threatened . as a whole , populations of least weasels are considered stable .
and other livestock , there is little proof to suggest that least weasels prey upon any domestic livestock .
least weasels , as highly - skilled rodent predators , play an important role in maintaining or initiating cycles in rodent populations . rodent cycling is a vital component of the tundra ecosystem and specialized predators , such as least weasels , are helpful for keeping lemming populations in check . bird species in new zealand , where least weasels were introduced , are negatively affected by weasel predation , especially ground - dwelling
the long - tailed weasel is larger in size with males ranging anywhere from 14 to 16 inches long and weighing 3 to 7 ounces . least weasel males range from 8 to 9 inches long and weigh about 2 ounces . males of both species are larger than the females .
the least weasel ' s range in north america stretches from alaska southeast through canada and into the northcentral and northeastern united states , probably including the entire state of minnesota ( hazard 1982 ) . however , most records of this species in minnesota come from the northwestern portion of the state . once considered secure in the state , only one least weasel has been recorded in minnesota since 1967 despite extensive survey work in suitable habitats . competition from ermines ( mustela erminea ) , a related and more common weasel , may be a contributing factor to the rarity of least weasels . other factors which may pose a threat to this species include habitat and prey loss , poisoning , and predation . the least weasel was listed as a special concern species in minnesota in 1996 .
some people say the weasel is enchanted . some say it is very unlucky to destroy a weasel . here is a story i heard which was told to me as true .
the least weasel mustela nivalis and the ermine m . erminea of japan are considered relicts of the last glacial period . to study phylogeographic variation in these mustelines , fragments of the [ … ]
remember the open spaces under roof rafters and check for holes where siding has rotted—any opening big enough for a rat will give easy access to a least weasel , smallest of all true carnivores .
taxonomic status and origin of the egyptian weasel ( mustela subpalmata ) inferred from mitochondrial dna .
long , a . charles , weasel world book # 21 2000 by world book inc .
the least weasel becomes sexually mature at 3 - 4 months . their mating seasons are spring and summer with a gestation period lasting from 35 - 37 days . the least weasel has 3 - 10 babies , weighing 0 . 04 to 0 . 06 ounces , and are wrinkled , pink and naked . they have no abilities . the mother raises the young by herself while the father leaves right after mating . the baby least weasels are weaned at four to five weeks and the mother hunts for them until they are 4 weeks old . at that time the training of adulthood begin s . the least weasels are fully independent at 12 weeks old , at which time they leave their family . the least weasel ' s interval is its den and it is mostly solitary . these mammals live up to 2 years in the wild and up to 10 years in captivity . least weasels are active day and night .
and other avian livestock , there is little proof to suggest that least weasels prey upon any domestic livestock .
least weasels , like many other weasel species , are able to kill prey much larger than themselves , then store the remains . least weasels mostly hunt rodents , if they are available , almost 100 percent of their diet will be made up of rodents , however , they will not overlook an easy meal .
one employee thought he had the answer . in 1953 , roger m . latham wrote a letter to the journal of mammalogy [ pdf ] , announcing a “simple method for identification of least weasel . ”
how often does reproduction occur ? least weasels breed one to three times per year , depending on prey density .
least weasels and stoats looks very alike but can be told apart by the stoat’s tail having a black tip .
taxonomic status and origin of the egyptian weasel ( mustela subpalmata ) inferred from mitochondrial . . .
mi ' kmaq legends about two weasel - women who married stars , and their subsequent travels .
the egyptian weasel ( mustela subpalmata ) is a small mustelid with a distribution restricted to the lower nile valley and the nile delta . traditionally considered a subspecies of the least weasel ( m . nivalis ) , it is currently recognized as a separate species based on morphology . here we present the first genetic assessment of the taxonomic status of the egyptian weasel by comparing . . . [ show full abstract ]
all three species can be found state - wide , but the least weasel is the least abundant , especially in northeastern minnesota . weasels can be found anywhere that their main prey , mice , are found . typical habitats are grasslands , woodlots , and brush piles . weasels can also be found in firewood piles and garages .
the egyptian weasel ( mustela subpalmata ) is a small mustelid with a distribution restricted to the lower nile valley and the nile delta . traditionally considered a subspecies of the least weasel ( m . nivalis ) , it is currently recognized as a separate species based on morphology . here we present the first genetic assessment of the taxonomic status of the egyptian weasel by comparing mitochondrial dna ( cytochrome b gene and control region ) sequences to those of least weasels from the western palearctic , with a focus on the mediterranean region . our results provide no evidence to support the view that the egyptian weasel is genetically distinct from the least weasel , as we found that , for both cytochrome b and control region , haplotypes were shared between the two taxa . specifically , the cytochrome b and control region haplotypes detected in the egyptian weasel were also present in m . nivalis from turkey and malta , two populations genetically analysed here for the first time . our results suggest that the egyptian weasel is distinct from the least weasel populations currently living in the maghreb , which were inferred to be the result of an earlier colonization of north africa , but the genetic data alone do not allow us to determine whether the egyptian weasel is native or introduced . nevertheless , the observed genetic patterns , together with the weasel fossil record in israel and the unique commensal lifestyle of the egyptian weasel , are consistent with the hypothesis that the egyptian population is a relict of past range expansion from the levant into egypt . we suggest that the large size and characteristic sexual dimorphism of the egyptian weasel are likely to represent ecotypic variation , but genomic studies are required to clarify the extent of its functional genetic divergence .
nyholm , e . 1972 . weasel . pp . 187 - 199 in l siivonen , ed .
the weasel ( mustela nivalis ) is the smallest member of the mustelid family and britains smallest carnivore .
the long - tailed weasel is of economic importance , as many are taken by trappers each year .
it’s really very fascinating so for those of you who’d like to know more about weasel & taboo and the origins of the word ‘weasel’ in many different languages , you can read the pdf file here .
sexual maturity begins from 3 to 4 months for the female least weasel when food is plentiful . females sexually mature more rapidly , while males achieve maturity at around 8 or 9 months , according to animal diversity . breeding may occur all year round , though incidences of mating are less frequent during the winter . both sexes of least weasels will mate with multiple partners . males and females defend their territory when mating , but afterwards the male will leave to look for other females
in heat
. the least weasel ' s gestation period lasts about 35 days , after which the female gives birth to on average to 4 to 5 kits per litter . according to animal diversity , the least weasel ' s lifespan is 1 to 2 years in the wild , significantly shorter than many other carnivores .
in zoological use
weasel
on its own is now more usually applied to the genus , and in north america it is used as a common name for a number of species . however , most literary references to weasels are in fact to the least weasel . the sinister weasels of the wind in the willows , for example , are mustela nivalis , and so is the weasel that goes
pop
in the nursery rhyme .
general description : weasels are small , elongated predators that are brown in the summer , but that turn white in the winter . the short - tailed and long - tailed weasels have a black - tipped tail , while the least weasel is completely white . during spring and fall , as they change color , weasel fur appears blotchy .
it is impossible to catch a weasel asleep ; and it is bad luck if one crosses your path and appears near your home making its distinctive squeaking sound . the scots have a strange myth about a weasel funeral – the story was from the museum of lead mining ( ! ) , which seems surprising , to say the least !
north american ranges like alaska , canada , and the northern united states , as well as much of eurasia , are where the least weasel population are naturally found , with other population being introduced elsewhere , including parts of the southern hemisphere . in these ranges , the least weasel lives in meadows , grasslands , marshy areas , pastures , stubble field habitats , and mouse - infested barns . it inhabits burrows dug by moles and gophers , or hollow logs where the former cannot be found . on the international union for conservation of nature’s ( iucn ) 2008 red list , the least weasel was classified as a species of
least concern
among threatened species . according to the iucn , its population is stable , with its primary threats today being poisoning with rodenticides and change in agriculture practices within their home ranges .
for the klamanth people of oregon , mink is a mythological hero and weasel is his troublesome younger brother .
the least weasel occupies most of canada with the exception of the maritimes , southern quebec and ontario , the arctic and central and coastal british columbia . it has broad circumpolar distribution through europe , north africa , asia and north america .
weasel wrath : least weasels are highly solitary , and even mating does not occur without a fight . females can breed several times in a year when food is plentiful . perhaps because of their small size , least weasels have an even greater reputation for ferocity than the other weasels , and there are many references to them in the popular cultures of different countries .
dubbed a “hair - trigger mousetrap with teeth” by one biologist , the least weasel is a specialized predator whose diet is mainly mice and small voles . it eats insects and ground - nesting birds , but only if other prey is scarce .
the taxonomy of least weasel mustela nivalis was reviewed by abramov and baryshnikov ( 2000 ) , who considered egpytian weasel m . subpamata to be a distinct species , a treatment followed here . tonkin weasel m . tonkinensis and sichuan weasel m . russelliana , here treated as distinct species following groves ( 2007 ) , were included as part of m . nivalis by abramov and baryshnikov ( 2000 ) ( and in previous versions of its red list assessment ) . a weasel population found in taiwan in the late 20th century and considered by its finders to be a new species allied to stoat m . erminea is here considered , following abramov ( 2006 ) to be part of m . nivalis .
taxonomic status and origin of the egyptian weasel ( mustela subpalmata ) inferred from mitochondrial dna . - pubmed - ncbi
short h . l . 1961 . food habits of a captive weasel . journal of mammalogy 42 : 273–274 .
the weasel’s bloodlust is instinctual and triggered by movement . even on a full belly , a weasel will kill anything that moves and looks like prey . and to the tenacious weasel , pretty much everything looks like prey . tiny weasels have been seen killing and carrying off animals twice , four times , and even 10 times their size .
children ' s book illustrating a blackfoot legend about how weasel retrieved the warm spring wind from a powerful bear .
threats include incidental poisoning with rodenticides ( sheffield and king 1994 ) and persecution . least weasel prefers open agricultural habitats , which are declining owing to changes in agricultural practices ( rural abandonment ) in parts of europe , as open fields undergo succession .
the least weasel is a small mammal with a huge appetite . its sharp teeth and claws can take down animals larger than its own diminutive size . small rodents are preferred prey , but will chase down rabbits , birds , frogs and insects when necessary .
least weasels are predominantly carnivores , they mostly eat small rodents like mice and voles but also eat birds , frogs , fish and eggs .
weasels are relatively small , nimble mammals that are members of the mustelidae family , which also includes long - bodied animals such as wolverines , ferrets , badgers and certain skunk species . there are three weasel species that call north america home , the most prevalent being the long - tailed weasel . below are a few interesting weasel facts you might not know .
weasels feed on small mammals , and in former times were considered vermin since some species took poultry from farms , or rabbits from commercial warrens . certain species of weasel and ferrets , have been reported to perform the mesmerizing weasel war dance , after fighting other creatures , or acquiring food from competing creatures . in folklore at least , this dance is particularly associated with the stoat .
according to blackfoot legend , the weasel is the bravest of animals , a hunter bold out of all proportion to his size . modern scientists agree , as every feature of these graceful and lightning - fast little animals seems designed to make them the perfect predator . this is especially true of the least weasel , the smallest of three weasels found in montana and the world’s smallest carnivore .
there is a very interesting article called “old prussian moazo ‘mother’s sister’ , mosuco ‘weasel’ & related words” by krzystof tomasz witczak .
the least weasel also has a long , slender , muscular body with short legs . the head is small , with beady eyes , small ears and a pointed nose . they move with quick movements and a graceful , bounding gait . all three weasels change color with the seasons , and there is no color difference between the sexes . all the senses are well developed in the weasel .
in historical times , least weasel was used as a house animal ( to preserve food from small rodents ; masseti 1995 ) as well as for food , fur and even traditional medicine , as is still the case in morocco ( lebarbenchon et al . 2010 ) .
the weasel is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 7 ) , and a species of conservation concern by the uk biodiversity action plan , although not a priority species . listed under appendix iii of the bern convention ( 3 ) .
the least weasel is a mouse - sized weasel with a long slender body , short brown or white legs , and a tiny , streamlined head . it has short round ears , beady eyes , and a snout ending in whiskers . the least weasel ' s fur can be all white , or brown with a white streak stretching from its chin to its rump , while the tail is brown . fur color changes can occur , often going from brown to white during winter , according to the missouri department of conservation . the length of the males , including their tails , is up to 10 inches , and they weigh from 2 . 1 to 3 . 2 ounces , according to the illinois department of natural resources . females are up to 9 inches in length , and weigh 1 . 2 to 2 . 5 ounces . the least weasel ' s paws have 5 clawed toes suitable to its carnivorous , predatory lifestyle .
british popular - culture references to weasels are generally specifically to the common or least weasel . for example , alan lloyd ' s novel kine , about a fictional war in the english countryside between weasels and the invasive species mink , depicts the latter as sadistic , voracious invaders , giants in comparison to the weasels ; in american usage , both species would be kinds of weasel . similarly , in kenneth grahame ' s popular story the wind in the willows the villains are the weasels and the stoats , again two species of weasel in american usage . here everyday usage reflects the original european use of the word weasel for a single species .
usually burn energy the fastest and have the most active lifestyles , so it is no surprise that the least weasel , the miniature among mustelids , consumes roughly half its body weight each day—equal to about two deer mice and a vole . as with other weasels , adult females may be half the size of adult males , and they mature much more rapidly ; females are sexually mature at four months , males at eight months . females produce two litters each year , unlike the larger , slower - breeding ermine and long - tailed weasel . in the north , the fur of the least weasel turns from brown to white in winter , camouflaging them in the snow .
this species is mainly solitary , except during breeding season . least weasels may be active during the day but do most of their hunting at night .
one day , the windigo captures a traveler . he sends the terrified man out to find sticks for his own cook fire . along the way , the man encounters a weasel and begs it desperately for help . the man returns to the monster with the weasel hidden in his clothing . as they approach , the weasel rushes at the windigo and climbs into his anus . the windigo begins to look quite ill , and soon falls down dead : the tiny , brave weasel has eaten his heart from within .
similar species : much smaller than the short or long - tailed weasel . both short and long - tailed weasels have a blac
“it was discovered , ” he wrote , “that the fur of the least weasel would fluoresce under ultra - violet light , producing a vivid lavender color . the fur of the other two species remained a dull brown … thus , identification is positively and simply made , immediately . ”
least weasels , being highly - skilled predators of rodents , play an vital role in initiating or maintaining cycles in rodent populations , an important part of the tundra ecosystem , where specialized predators , like least weasels , play a role to keep lemming populations in check . in new zealand , on the contrary , where least weasels have been introduced , bird species are negatively affected by predation by this species , especially brown kiwis , which live on the ground .
species , have a reputation for killing prey much larger than themselves , then caching the remains . least weasels are highly specialized rodent predators and as such , they rely heavily upon rodent species for food . least weasels are , however , opportunistic feeders and will not overlook an easy meal , such as carrion .
heidt g . a . , petersen m . k . and kirkland g . l . j . 1968 . mating behavior and development of least weasels (
the german word for the least weasel , mauswiesel , refers to its tiny size . males are no more than 7 inches long , including the tail , and females rarely exceed 5 inches . both sexes are brown above with white underparts , coloration similar to that of montana’s two other weasels , the short - tailed and long - tailed ( the latter with cream underparts ) . unlike its cousins , the least lacks a black tail tip .
king c . m . 1980 . population biology of the weasel mustela nivalis on british game estates . holarctic ecology 3 : 160–168 .
weight : the short - tailed weasel weighs only two to five ounces , while its long - tailed cousin weighs about seven ounces .
a purse made from a weasel’s skin will never want for money ; but the purse must be found , not given or made .
the least weasel is the smallest of all weasels , averaging 157 - 190 mm ( 6 . 2 - 7 . 5 in . ) in total length and weighing 40 - 56 g ( 1 . 4 - 2 . 0 oz . ) ( hazard 1982 ) . it has a long body and neck with short limbs , a short tail , and a narrow , flattened head . in the summer , least weasels are brown on the back and whitish with occasional brown flecks underneath . in winter , they are entirely white in northern latitudes , where snow is common , but remain brown in southern latitudes ( sheffield and king 1994 ) . the least weasel resembles other weasel species , but it is smaller and has a proportionately shorter tail than the ermine and the long - tailed weasel ( mustela frenata ) . its tail is less than 25 % of the length of its head and body and lacks the black tip characteristic of ermines and long - tailed weasels ( sheffield and king 1994 ) . the pelage of least weasels will fluoresce under uv light , while that of ermines and long - tailed weasels will not ( hazard 1982 ; svendsen 1999 ) .
least weasels have long , slender bodies with short limbs , a long neck and a flat , narrow head . they have large black eyes and large round ears . this species has five fingers with sharp claws . their fur is a milk - chocolate brown with white on the under parts . northern populations have a white winter coat and brown summer coat . the least weasel is less than 10 inches long and only weighs one to three ounces .
latham’s glow - in - the - dark - weasel trick thereby entered the canon of weasel facts . even today , you can find numerous sources claiming that least weasels glow under uv light . there’s just one problem : his method has never been validated . nobody has ever reproduced his attempts . still , it’s possible that mustela nivalis glows in the dark . given everything else we know about weasels , it wouldn’t be surprising .
in the mennock pass recently , a driver observed a dead weasel , killed by a passing car , being lifted and carried off the road by a number of other weasels . this story was confirmed by a villager who had heard of a similar tale in the 1930’s where the night watchman at the wanlockhead smelt mills had watched several weasels remove a dead female and bury her in a ‘weasel grave’ nearby . on investigation , the watchman and the local gamekeeper , found the body of the weasel buried alongside a number of other weasel skeletons .
the coexistence of two very similar species , stoat and least weasel , has puzzled many researchers . from their ecology it is expected that they do not coexist , not locally at least , and still they seem to do . we reviewed the specific hypotheses proposed to explain their coexistence and related these to general theories of competitive coexistence . to test these conjectures , we studied the habitat selection of least weasels and stoats on landscape and on local scale . the study was performed during the winters , the most critical season , in years 1986–2001 in northern norway . stoats were usually more numerous than least weasels . stoats showed preference for productive areas both at the landscape and at the habitat scale and appeared stereotypic in their habitat selection . least weasels were more generalized and flexible in their habitat selection . contrary to results reported in many studies , least weasel did not react to the presence of stoats and were not excluded from the areas with stoats . we suggest that in the conditions of northernmost fennoscandia , the two species exhibit a variant of classical competitive coexistence . both species have a shared preference for rodents , but the access to exclusive alternative prey in stoats allows their coexistence with least weasels , which are more efficient predators on rodents . we suggest that more attention should be paid on survival resources , exploited during times of low resource density , when studying the coexistence between close competitors .
svendsen , g . e . 1999 . the least weasel ( mustela nivalis ) . pages 173 - 174 in d . e . wilson and s . ruff , editors . the smithsonian book of north american mammals . smithsonian institution press in association with the american society of mammalogists , washington .
weasels were plentiful in pennsylvania in the early 1950s , but they weren’t welcome . after the pennyslvania game commission offered a bounty for every weasel pelt , they found themselves inundated with fur . the region was home to three weasel species , but once the weasel ' s tail had been removed , the pelts all looked pretty much the same . so how could they figure out which species a pelt belonged to ?
more random weasel bits . . . weasel deep , old magic of the dark , warrior balance of the light , teach that evil lies within , never in the day or night . stealth , silent observation this totem is a difficult power totem to have . it is a rare gift and great ability . weasel medicine can teach you to find out secrets through the power of silent observation . most weasel people are loners , graceful , solitary and silent . they are very intelligent . people do not see their power immediately and often underestimate them . weasel totem will awaken your innate ability for observation . trust your own instincts and you will avoid trouble and pursue your goals to greatest success . use your weasel medicine to observe what or who needs attention and offer assistance in your quiet or discreet way . re : urltoken
the least weasel is mostly found in the northeast asian deciduous forest , which covers korea , eastern asia , japan , china , and russia . least weasels can range in this area from 30 degrees to 47 degrees north latitude and 110 degrees east fahrenheit to 145 degrees east fahrenheit in longitude . the northeast asian deciduous forest has warm summers and cold winters . it is home to many mammals and birds but is currently threatened because of loggers chopping down trees .
food weasels prey on small rodents such as mice , rats , voles , hares , rabbits , and chipmunks . they also take shrews , birds , birds eggs , frogs , bats , insects , earthworms and may occasionally kill domestic chickens . the least weasel depends almost exclusively on mice for food .
although they are fierce predators , helping to control rodent populations , least weasels are also victims of predators , including the long - tailed weasel . hawks , owls , foxes , coyotes , housecats , and snakes also eat them . internal and external parasites also feed on them—albeit on a smaller scale .
good luck weasel : traditional inuit lore held the least weasel in great respect because of its pugnacious nature , and the capture of one was regarded as an omen of good luck . in classical and medieval european mythology , it is sometimes said that the only thing which can kill a basilisk is a weasel , though it would be killed in the conflict as well . the earliest record of this claim is in pliny ' s naturalis historia , book 8 , par . 33 . it was repeated by isidore of seville in his etymologiae , and subsequently by many medieval bestiarists .
much smaller than the short - or long - tailed weasel . both short - and long - tailed weasels have black tip on tail .
king , c . , k . griffiths , e . murphy . 2001 . advances in new zealand mammalogy 1990–2000 : stoat and weasel .
cats , owls , foxes and birds of prey will all try to kill weasels , although a weasel will fight hard to defend itself .
: voles , deer mice , and harvest mice make up the majority of the least weasel ' s diet . moles are sometimes eaten and shrews may be attacked by inexperienced individuals or when other prey are unavailable . insects are also eaten when encountered . small ground - nesting birds such as sparrows are occasionally captured . when small mammals are scarce , birds may be hunted intensively . it is estimated that least weasels require approximately half their body weight in food per day .
2 . if the animal is domestic , insist that the offending animal be penned and observed for at least 10 days to see if it gets sick or dies .
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because of its size and very active lifestyle of hunting , mating and burrowing , the least weasel must eat roughly between 40 - 60 % of its body weight every day . however , its appetite to kill is far more voracious than the amount it actually needs to survive . least weasels are known to take prey in quantities larger that it can consume . though it will stockpile any overkill in nearby burrows , the surplus is often left to rot as they prefer fresh meat .
in the northern arctic area , are very important for breeding success . the population sizes of least weasels found in northern areas cycle due to the population sizes of lemmings .
the minnesota biological survey has targeted this species for many years , and has located only a single individual despite intense trapping activities . a sub - adult female was captured in a live trap in 2006 on a privately owned native prairie tract in murray county . prior to this capture , no specimens of this species had been collected in minnesota since 1967 . while it seems that least weasel populations have fluctuated historically in minnesota ( swanson and fryklund 1935 ) , the low level of observations is troubling . more research is needed to determine the extent of least weasel distribution in minnesota and the ecological requirements necessary to ensure this species ' survival .
naturally , these gambits do not always work out in the weasel’s favor , hence the term “roulette . ” ( on a related note , a weasel ' s lifespan is a mere 1 to 2 years in the wild , for obvious reasons . ) but when they do ? watch out .
originally , the name
weasel
was applied to one species of the genus , the european form of the least weasel ( mustela nivalis ) . early literary references to weasels , such as their common appearances in fables , refer to this species rather than to the genus as a whole , reflecting what is still the common usage in britain . in technical discourse , however , as in american usage , the term
weasel
can refer to any member of the genus , or to the genus as a whole . of the 16 extant species currently classified in the genus mustela , ten have
weasel
in their common name . among those that do not are the stoat or ermine , the two species of mink , and the polecats or ferrets .
weasels , stoats , and even domesticated ferrets all perform a hilarious “weasel war dance” when they’ve got their prey cornered . scientists aren’t totally sure why they do this . one theory is that the weasel’s wacky twisting , hopping , and darting around distracts , confuses , or even hypnotizes prey animals . in one case , researchers concluded that a number of rabbits killed by stoats had actually “died of fright” after being subjected to the weasel war dance .
recognized as a species separate from least weasel ( mustela nivalis ) by van zyll de jong ( 1992 ) , reig ( 1997 ) , abramov and baryshnikov ( 2000 ) , baryshnikov et al . ( 2003 ) , wozencraft ( 2005 ) , nyakatura and bininda - emonds ( 2012 ) , and mcdonald ( 2013 ) .
: because it is small and secretive the least weasel is rarely found throughout its range . its presence in kansas has been suspected for many years , but the first specimen from the state was not collected until march 1964 near marysville in marshall county . longevity of this small mammal is one or two years in the wild .
reig , s . 1997 . biogeographic and evolutionary implications of size variation in north american least weasels ( mustela nivalis ) . canadian journal of zoology 75 : 2036 - 2049 .
in summer , least weasels leave little sign , but watch for playful youngsters romping near a nest . in winter , look for a trail of twin prints in the snow .


coleophora seriphidii is a moth of the coleophoridae family .

it is found in turkestan and kirgizstan .

the larvae feed on the leaves of artemisia turanica .

they create a silky case which is broader in the central part .

there are five or six stripes extending along the case .

these are quite uniformly arranged , straight , narrow and barely perceptible at places .

the valve is three-sided .

the length of the case is 4.5 – 5 mm and it is brownish-gray in color , with brown longitudinal stripes .

the case of young larvae is almost white however .

larvae can be found from the end of april to may .

fully fed larvae estivate and hibernate .

coleophora seriphidii

this is the place for seriphidii definition . you find here seriphidii meaning , synonyms of seriphidii and images for seriphidii copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word seriphidii . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word seriphidii and , of course , seriphidii synonyms and on the right images related to the word seriphidii .
coleophora - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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channa is a genus of fish in the family channidae , commonly known as snakehead , native to asia .

this genus contains 35 scientifically described species , but the most well known are probably the northern snakehead ( channa argus ) and the giant snakehead ( channa micropeltes ) .

these species have a wide natural distribution extending from iran in the west , to china in the east and parts of siberia in the far east .

they are one of the most common staple food fish in cambodia , thailand , vietnam and other southeast asian countries , where they are extensively cultured .

apart from their importance as a food fish , snakeheads are also consumed as a therapeutic for wound healing as well as reducing post-operative pain and discomfort and collected for the international aquarium pet trade .

the diets of various species of channa include fish , frogs , snakes , rodents , birds and insects .

they have a labyrinth organ , which allows them to breathe air for short periods , and they use this adaptation to travel across land in the event that their habitat becomes inhospitable .

the taxonomy of the genus channa is incomplete and a comprehensive revision of the family has not been performed .

a phylogenetic study in 2010 has also indicated the likelihood of the existence of undescribed species of channids in southeast asia .

in june 2011 , the malabar snakehead channa diplogramma from peninsular india was shown to be a distinct species , 146 years after its initial description and 134 years after it was synonymised with c. micropeltes , establishing it is an endemic species of peninsular india .

the study also suggested that the species shared a most recent common ancestor with c. micropeltes , around 9.52 to 21.76 mya .

in assamese it is called goroi .

in malayalam it is called varal or braal .

channa

channa sp . true blue picture credited to amiidae of arofanatics refer to channa stewerti profile .
there are two genera ( channa , parachanna ) containing 34 species ( 31 channa and three parachanna ) , although the diversity is much greater and several undescribed species , particularly from india — for example , channa sp . ' lal cheng ' and channa sp . ' kerala five stripe ' — have already reached the aquarium trade .
channa pardalis is a newly described , gorgeous snakehead . it was discovered in northeastern india and is known by aquarists as
channa sp . meghalaya leopard .
now it ' s got a formal name .
the new snakehead species is described in the latest publication of the journal of threatened taxa . here is a video of a reported rare channa pardalis ( aka
channa sp . meghalaya leopard
) in captivity :
so excited to try this recipe out ( with dairy free butter , though ! ) ! looks amazing . and i love channa masala . a lot .
reported as very aggresive to its own kind and others , said to share the same temprement of other channa most closley related . i . e aurantimaculata and stewarti
scientific name : channa panaw common name : panaw snakehead maximum size : at least 17 cm / 7 inches origin : ayeyarwaddy and sittang river basins , myanmar temperament : predatory company : channa panaw should only be kept with fish larger than 2 / 3 of the species size . water parameters : temperature mainly sub - tropical but range extends into tropical , temp 18 - 28 c ph around ph 5 - 6 and enjoys cover / shade feeding : channa panaw should be fed live food .
this channa is very rarly aggresive toward other fish or its own kind outside of breeding time , it is often said to be one of the more passive snakeheads .
scientific name : channa orientalis common name : ceylon snakehead maximum size : 10 cm / 4 inches origin : southwestern sri lanka temperament : predatory company : channa orientalis should not be kept with fish smaller than 2 / 3 of the species size . water parameters : temperature - tropical species likes softer water but has been bred several times is different ph levels 22 - 28˚c / 72 - 82˚f ; ph 6 - 7 . 5 feeding : channa orientalis ( ceylon snakehead ) accepts live and frozen food .
x factor hopeful amrick channa has a secret television past , having already appeared on the voice , come dine with me and ant and dec ' s saturday night takeaway .
channa masala is one of those dishes that i always think sounds delicious , but never make . i really need to get some spices so i can give it a try .
to do list : make channa masala this sunday . thanks for the awesome recipe . i’m just now starting to really like indian food so i will definitely be making this !
channa aurantimaculata so allways insist on a picture of the actual fish before handing over any of your hard earned cash , there is allway someone waiting to realive you of it .
looove indian food , especially channa masala . i usually don’t put so much effort into it though . i just throw a bunch of stuff together and call it a meal . 😉
justification : channa punctata is a widespread species with no known major widespread threats , and no evidence as yet that it is a species complex . the species is assessed as least concern .
hamilton ( 1822 ) described ophiocephalus marulius from river ganges , which is now placed in the genus channa . the group has been studied recently by li et al . ( 2006 ) .
scientific name : channa melasoma common name : black snakehead maximum size : 30 cm / 12 inches environment : freshwater streams , prefers to be shaded temperament : aggressive company : channa melasoma should not be kept with species smaller than the snakeheads . water parameters : temperature - found from tropical to sub - tropical 18 - 28˚c ; ph 5 - 5 . 3 has a distinct preference for still waters urltoken
there is also another snakehead sometimes referred to as blue bleheri , for some time it was thought that they may have been the same species , they are now described separately and named channa sp . assam .
i just made this last night . this is the best channa masala recipe ever . ever ! it beats one i’ve been using because it’s all about cooking down the tomato paste . so yummy ! thank you !
x factor hopeful amrick channa has a secret television past and has already appeared on the voice and come dine with me along with other shows . . . and is even the ' face of sainsbury ' s '
oh man , i totally have to make this recipe sometime this weekend . i really enjoy amy’s organic channa masala , so hopefully this one will be as equally good or even better . thanks for sharing , jenna ! 🙂
the sun online can reveal that amrick channa , a dance track performer from kent , is no stranger to the reality show circuit , and even brags that he is a
tv personality
on websites offering personal appearances .
i love your channa masala recipe ! i was lucky enough to write down your old one when it was still posted on the blog . i think this one is a variation of that one and can’t wait to make this version .
tank size : one of the advantages of channa bleheri is its small size and peacefulness . these snakeheads can be kept in a relatively small aquarium . 36 & # 8221 ; for a pair , groups can be kept in larger setups .
water parameters : coming from the assam region channa bleheri have a winter temp of 19 c and summer temp of 22 - 28 c / 72 - 82 f ; they prefer the cooler side of that range , ph 6 - 7 . 5 ,
i just made this for dinner and it was delicious : ) thanks for this , jenna ! i’ve made channa masala with a spice blend before but this was better . i hope to see more indian recipes…i may have to make your chicken tikka masala next .
now this is the first very important step . you must execute patience and grace or your channa masala will suffer indefinitely . you are to let the onions caramelize . this will take about 15 minutes and you probably will get very nervous and antsy while the onions cook because if they burn… . you lose .
definitely going to try this . i love your pictorial recipes - keep them coming ! i had an amy’s frozen meal for lunch today - coincidentally , it was the mattar paneer with channa masala ! when you make this do you serve it with anything ? such as over rice or maybe just naan on the side ?
thank you sooo much for this recipe ! ! ! ! i had channa masala for the first time last week while in orlando on vacation . it was an amy’s frozen dinner , and i loved it . i have been wanting to make it ever since , and now i have the perfect recipe ! cannot wait to try this !
only known breeding sucsess is reported by a german aquarist , from this we know they are mouthbrooders and also egg feeders , practice spawning can be whitnessed year round but activity hightens as tempretures drop for winter , we belive the trigger tempreture to be around 20deg , as with all channa you are best to start out with a group and let the fish pair up for them selves .
towards there own kind they are amoung one of the nastiest channa around , they simply can not stand each other unless they have formed a pair , even then fights can break out at the drop of a hat and they are capable of infliction great damage on each other , strangly when mixed with other fish they seam to ignore all but the smallest fish , if they dont see it as food they are useally ok .
price is no object for true snakehead lovers , with mark - ups for rare specimens rivaling those of dragonfish . the barca snakehead ( channa barca ) pictured above , became one of the most expensive aquarium fish when the first individuals imported into the uk were going at £5 , 000 apiece . the price has since dropped to about £1 , 500 , as seen at aquarama 2009 in singapore , but that’s still a hefty outlay !
scientific name : channa baramensis common name : barama snakehead maximum size : 22 cm / 9 inches origin : northern , brunei and borneo introduced range : not known at this time temperament : temperament is said to resemble that of its closest relative channa melasoma , whom we know to not tolerate other fish very well and can be quite aggresive amoung its own kind company : best kept in a species tank and ideally as part of a bonded pair water parameters : temperature 22 - 25˚c / 72 - 77˚ f ; ph 6 . 5  8 . 0 feeding : like most channa can be trained to take most of the going food , but keep diet varied or the fish can become addicted to a certain food aquarium set up : in nature this fish is found in blackwater swamps , and this should be replicated in the aquarium , softer water is a must and the use of aquatic peat would be recomended . being a fairly aggresive fish the tank should be sized to take this into consideration , although only reaching 9 inches i would recommend a tank of around 4ft as a minimum reproductive habits : not reported in the aquarium suspect similar to melasoma . eggs probably prone to fungas if water is too hard other notes : extremely rare fish and hardly seen in the trade . picture credited to michael lo
as one of the most popular dishes in the world , both in and out of india and pakistan , channa masala ( or chana masala , chole masala , or chholay , depending on where you ' re from ) —chickpeas cooked in a spicy and tangy tomato - based sauce—is the kind of dish that stirs passions in the recipe - writing community . my version might not taste like your grandmother ' s , but i promise that it tastes damn good .
channa micropeltes is endemic to the western ghats , india and has an eoo of about 10 , 350 km 2 and an aoo of about 800 km 2 and based on the major threats to the species from targeted fishing , agricultural expansion , dams and pollution , the species is found in up to 7 - 10 locations . so , this species qualifies for vulnerable status , despite it still requiring further research and moderate conservation measures as its habitat is in decline and it is a victim of targeted mortality in most of its range outside protected areas .
as with all member of the group channide , you are best to sart out with a group of 6 or more fish , from this a pair shoud form , when a pair has formed it is advisable to swiftly remove all other fish from the aquarium , gachua are mouthbrooders in the male sex , and take excelant care of there young , one a a very few channa that will breed in tanks without plant cover , breeding has triggered by long periods without water change then a large change with fresh cooler water seems to initiate a spawning responce .
aquarium setup : the aquarium should be well planted with open areas to swim in . make sure hiding places are provided . all snakeheads breath air and can suffocate if they are prevented from reaching the surface to breath . a secure top should be in place as they are excellent jumpers . channa bleheri are excellent escape artists and can escape from the very smallest of holes . do not underestimate their escaping abilities . they can survive for sometime out of water as long as their lungs don & # 8217 ; t dry out but the impact from the height of the tank to the floor may cause injury they cannot recover from .
mixes quite well with other fish as long as its basic needs are catered for , avoid overly aggresive fish and fish small enough to be seen as food , fish that have been tried and tested include angles , rainbow fish and some of the more docile cichlids , please bare in mind that if you keep this fish with other the chance of breeding will be greatly reduced as the gachua sometimes do not see the other tank inhabitants as a threat and any fry are swiftly eaten by other tank mates , avoid useing plecos that are easly bred because if they breed the channa will eat the babies and there bristles can get stuck in the channas mouth .
remains the single most sought after channa available in the hobby , there is still only a few in captivity , pairs being even rarer with only one confirmed pair and another pair rummored to exsist . the price of this fish varies greatly depending on supply and demand , i have seen for sale at £5000 for a pair down to £600 for a single fish , the average price for a single fish is between £2000 and £2500 , no doubt now that we know where about to look for theese fish more and more will become available and prices will hopefully fall ( anyone remember the days when red tailed catfish fetched over £400 ? , yes iam showing my age lol )
snakeheads are oddball fish equipped with air - breathing organs , thus able to breath air from the surface of the water . some species remain relatively small , but some get very large ; the c . paradalis holotype measured only 13cm ( 5 inches ) , but it likely has an adult size circa 25cm ( 10 inches ) . all channa are territorial and prolific predators , so they can not be kept with fish that will are small enough to eat ( ideally kept with fish no smaller than half its size ) . more importantly , they are illegal to acquire , import or trade across state lines in the united states because the entire genus is recognized by the us fish and wildlife department as a highly invasive fish .
channa mereya is soul of ae dil hai mushkil music album . here is the full video of karan johar ' s favorite song in the album , the lyrics are given by amitabh bhattacharya , music by pritam and sung by arijit singh join the conversation - # channamereya music - pritam lyrics - amitabh bhattacharya singer - arijit singh sound design - sunny m . r , dj phukan music programmers - sunny m . r . , arijit singh mix & master - shadab rayeen @ newedge assistant - abhishek sortey recording engineers - ashwin kulkarni , himanshu shirlekar , kaushik das vocal conductor - akashdeep sengupta & kaushik das production manager - supriti banerjee musicians accoustic guitar - roland electric & bass guitar - roland & amandeep dholak - iqbal azad , sanjiv sen sarangi - ghulam ali khan shehnai - omkar dhumal backing vocals - keshia braganza , gwen dias banner - dharma productions and fox star studios audio on sony music entertainment india pvt . ltd ( c ) 2017 sony music entertainment india pvt . ltd . subscribe : vevo - urltoken . . . like us : : facebook : urltoken follow us : twitter : urltoken g + : urltoken
scientific name : channa stewartii common name : golden snakehead assamese snakehead maximum size : 30cm approx 11inches although varients reported larger origin : endemic to brahmaputra ( upper , middle , lower ) river basin of india and bangladesh , ganges river basin from southern nepal southeastward . in southern nepal , it occurs in the kamala , bagmati , koshi , gandaki , and karnali river basins introduced range : not known at this point temperament : often sited as one of the more aggresive snakeheads , they belong to the same group as aurantimaculata and barca and have the same sort of temperament , company : as a sub - tropical species tankmates should be chosen to suit , if this fish takes a dislike to any tankmate it will swiftly kill them , even its own kind are not tolerated very well , and this fish is probably best left to the more experianced channa keeper in a well though out species tank water parameters : temperature 18 - 24c ranges from warm temperate to sub - tropical ; ph 6 - 7 . 5 feeding : this snakehead will accept all the usual fare , feeds well on insects worms , frozen foods , market shrimp and prawn also bits of fish breeding : start out with small group and allow them to chose there own pair , this fish is mouthbrooder in the male sex , they are very good parents and fry should be left with parent until upto 10cm in lenght tank : even though this is a dwarf species you can not get away with a small tank , in small tanks they will fight constantly and that will result in many deaths , as always floating cover is needed to feel secure and the tank should contain many hiding places and be well planted , this is another species that really does prefer older tank water and live plant will help keep nitrates under control in such tanks aswell as providing much needed cover and hiding spots for the fish and breaking up the line of sight notes : this fish is offered from time to time in the more specialised stores and from time to time on order lists , although they have become harder to obtain in recent years , because of the colouring of this fish and the relative small size , especially of some of the newer varients , this fish often comands a high price .
freshwater snakehead fishes ( channidae ) provide an interesting target for phylogenetic analysis for the following reasons , their unusual biology , potential for cryptic diversity and availability of a good fossil record . here , a multi - locus molecular phylogeny was constructed and calibrated using two fossil dates to estimate divergence times within the family . sampling aimed to explore interspecific divergence of channa species across southeast asia and intra - specific variation where species possessed natural geographical ranges that were extensive . results contradict divergence times estimated previously independently from single locus mitochondrial data or the fossil record and suggest that after divergence from african taxa 40–50 ma , evolution of asian snakeheads has been heavily influenced by multiple broad scale dispersal events across india and southeast asia . a similar pattern of divergence within multiple clades suggests that west–east dispersal was limited for many taxa during the miocene . deep intra - specific divergence was inferred for c . striata , indicating that long historical periods of isolation ( ∼8 ma ) have not resulted in the evolution of reproductive isolation within this species . results support suggestions that c . marulia like fishes in northern cambodia may constitute an undescribed species , and that indian c . diplogramma warrants taxonomic recognition as being distinct from southeast asian c . micropeltes , with the two taxa last sharing a common ancestor in the mid - to late - miocene .
sing along to the soulful channa mereya . lyrics have been beautifully crafted by amitabh bhattacharya and the song has been brought to life by none other than pritam . arijit singh has voiced the track and the video stars ranbir kapoor and anushka sharma .
ae dil hai mushkil
is a story about unrequited love . the journey of three characters - ayan ( ranbir ) , alizeh ( anushka ) & saba ( aishwarya ) written & directed by karan johar releasing this diwali , on 28th october , 2016 hear it on saavn - urltoken join the conversation - # channamereya music - pritam lyrics - amitabh bhattacharya singer - arijit singh sound design - sunny m . r , dj phukan music programmers - sunny m . r . , arijit singh mix & master - shadab rayeen @ newedge assistant - abhishek sortey recording engineers - ashwin kulkarni , himanshu shirlekar , kaushik das vocal conductor - akashdeep sengupta & kaushik das production manager - supriti banerjee musicians accoustic guitar - roland electric & bass guitar - roland & amandeep dholak - iqbal azad , sanjiv sen sarangi - ghulam ali khan shehnai - omkar dhumal backing vocals - keshia braganza , gwen dias banner - dharma productions and fox star studios audio on sony music entertainment india pvt . ltd . ( c ) 2016 sony music entertainment india pvt . ltd . subscribe : vevo - urltoken like us : facebook : urltoken follow us : twitter : urltoken g + : urltoken
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doctoring up store - bought garam masala with additional spices produces a flavor that ' s both complex and suited to the dish .
grinding the garlic in lemon juice helps prevent it from turning too sharp and pungent , while still allowing its aroma to shine .
combine garlic , ginger , chilies , 1 tablespoon lemon juice , and 1 / 2 teaspoon kosher salt in a mortar and pestle or in the small work bowl of a food processor and pound or process until a fine paste is produced . set aside .
heat oil or ghee in a large saucepan or dutch oven over medium - high heat until shimmering . all at once , add mustard seed and cumin . they will sputter and spit for a few seconds . as soon as they are aromatic ( about 15 seconds ) , add onion all at once , along with baking soda . cook , stirring frequently , until onions start to leave a brown coating on bottom of pan , 3 to 4 minutes . add 1 tablespoon water , scrape up browned bits from pan , and continue cooking . repeat this process until onions are a deep brown , about 10 minutes total .
immediately add garlic / ginger / chili paste all at once and stir to combine . add coriander , black pepper , turmeric , and 1 teaspoon garam masala . stir until fragrant , about 30 seconds . add tomatoes and crush them using a whisk or potato masher . add drained , rinsed chickpeas and cilantro , reserving a little cilantro for garnish . add 1 / 2 cup water .
bring to a simmer , cover with lid slightly cracked , and reduce heat to maintain a gentle bubbling . cook , stirring occasionally , until liquid has reduced into a thick stew and spices have melded , about 30 minutes .
stir in remaining garam masala and lemon juice . season to taste with salt . serve with rice and / or naan , sprinkling additional cilantro on top .
j . kenji lópez - alt is the chief culinary advisor of serious eats , and author of the james beard award - nominated column the food lab , where he unravels the science of home cooking . a restaurant - trained chef and former editor at cook ' s illustrated magazine , his first book , the food lab : better home cooking through science is a new york times best - seller , the recipient of a james beard award , and was named cookbook of the year in 2015 by the international association of culinary professionals .
he ' s currently raising a daughter by day , writing his second book by night ( now with 10 % more science ! ) , and is working on wursthall , a beer hall in downtown san mateo which will be open by the end of 2017 .
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i love indian food . i had it for the first time when i was in culinary school , living in orlando , and i’ve been rather obsessed ever since . for some reason ( like most things ) indian food never tastes as good when you make it yourself . i see that as a challenge .
first , heat up about two tbsp of butter in your cast iron skillet .
yes , butter . don’t try to substitute this out because its crucial to the finished product . i’m watching you .
toss well so the onions are thoroughly coated with the good stuff . your heat should be at medium right now .
and then add about three tbsp of tomato paste . i have a secret when it comes to tomato paste . i freeze it .
i dare you to show me a person who uses the whole can of tomato paste in any one recipe that they make . usually they use about two or three tablespoons and the rest goes in the trash . my method is to scoop the extra paste from the can into a little plastic baggie and then freeze . when you need a tablespoon just break off what you need ( it melts quickly ) and throw it in frozen to your recipe . bang !
now i need to talk for a second about this step because if the onions were number one most crucial , the tomato paste is a close second . this is the base of all the flavor for the whole dish right now and most people mess it up . but not you because in a second you will be a pince champ ( pronounced pinc - ay ) . all pince really means is to cook the tomato paste down , thus intensifying the flavors immensely . no pince = bland and boring . this is important .
once you add the tomato paste to the pan , stir so that all the onions are coated well .
flatten down everything on the bottom of the pan , crank the heat to more of a high / medium and set away . that’s right , you heard me , step away from the stove . to properly pince means you need to let the tomato paste cook and brown up a bit . this is going to burn off all the sugar in the tomato and leave you with a really intense delicious flavor .
after a few minutes a crust will start to appear on the bottom of your pan . no , you did not burn anything . you did good ! also , it will start to smell like pizza . there’s just no other way i can describe this . you’ll know what i mean when you do it .
mine turned out super duper extreme spicy because i used 1 / 2 tsp cayenne . i don’t recommend this if you are sane , which clearly i am not . i will probably stir some plain yogurt in it before i serve it tonight or else i might not make it .
in a large cast iron skillet , heat the butter . once melted , add the onions and cook for about 15 minutes on medium low heat , or until golden brown .
once the onions have caramelized , add the garlic , ginger and jalapeno and stir well . cook for about two minutes or until it starts to smell like heaven on earth .
add the tomato paste and pince , using above photos as an example . this is very important and if you don’t do it right your dish is pretty much doomed . no pressure .
add the coriander , cumin , cayenne and tumeric and stir well . then add the diced tomatoes , chickpeas and garam masala .
cook for about five minutes or until the chickpeas have heated through . finish with a squeeze of lemon and top with plain yogurt and cilantro if desired !
i don’t use tomato paste but i do use a few more spices so the flavour probably evens out somewhere in the middle .
mine is always spicy to the extreme as well : i don’t seed my jalapenos . because i am mental .
i’ve always wanted to make indian food at home but have been scared ! this post definitely encouraged me .
homemade indian is always so much better if you use whole spices ( whole coriander and cumin seeds , etc ) , toast them first , then grind them yourself . i know it’s kind of a pain and more time consuming , but it is that much more delicious . also , i add my spices in with my onions which makes it that much more fragrant . and if you love the heat , which i know you do , use whole chiles ! so spicy , so delicious .
this is great ! i had one bad experience with indian food when i was trying to be brave ( and at the time i wasn’t a vegetarian ) and open my taste buds a little bit and i have been scared ever since . however , since discovering food blogs it seems like you can find good , healthy , vegetarian options . i have seen this on other food blogs before but always from a restaurant so thanks for doing a homemade version ! i will for sure try this soon !
thank you for this wonderful step by step recipe post . i can not wait to try it at home ! !
looks delicious and i totally agree about the caramelization of the onions . gives it so much flavor !
yum – thanks for the recipe and the tips . also great idea re : the tomato paste ! ! clever ! ! ! i hope to try this recipe soon !
did you love it ? it looks so good . i , too , am obsessed with indian food . my kids and i made naan the other day and it was pretty good , but not as good as the naan from my fave restaurant . i’m definitely going to try this recipe . thanks so much ! 🙂
yum i have actually been looking for this exact recipe for some time now ! & your technique tips are great because otherwise i would be clueless ! however , i do have a question . you say to use butter , but is the final product different if you use oil instead ? i am really not a butter fan ( i know , crazy ! ) so i never have it in my house . thanks ! 🙂
one word : ghee . it’s not indian food unless it’s made with ghee .
or if you can’t find ghee , clarified butter… also , if you want to go the ghee way , for vegetarians / vegans you can get vegetable based ghee , but i know many places in india i’ve visited use oil instead . but they also fry the spices in with the onions to get them really aromatic 😉
yep , i agree on the frying of spices in the pan with the onions . or even better , before anything else goes in , you “toast” the spices in the pan . it really heightens and deepens the flavor . i didn’t know there was vegetarian ghee - i have to check that out !
oh my dear goodness…i realize it’s not the most profound thing ever done , but i still think you are a genius for freezing tomato paste . seriously . i guarantee you no one has ever used the full can in a recipe . and then it sits , lonely and most likely rotting , in your fridge…or the trash can . i freeze just about everything else to buy myself time…why have i never frozen tomato paste ! ? ahhhhhhh thank you .
awesome , jenna ! i will have my own kitchen soon , and i totally plan on making this – and your turkey chili ! thanks for the great recipes . 🙂
when i moved into my last apartment , what i missed the most was not the dishwasher ( i lived alone ) but the disposal . those things are great !
this looks really good , i love indian food and keep wanting to make it myself , maybe this weekend ? check your grocery store . i keep tomato paste in a tube . it’s great for using a little bit . the only thing i ever use a whole can for is my tomato sauce , otherwise , it goes to waste , which is why i keep a tube on hand .
this looks so good ! ! i love indian food , but ive never considered making it from scratch . it always seemed too hard ! i usually buy some type of pre mixed spice packet .
love the step by step with pix . that will be fun when later do as video , too . both a great idea . thanks for the recipe , which sounds very healthy . freezing the tomato paste a terrific idea . will make tomorrow night as went for a gonzo walk / hike around carmel and found a homemade / gourmet noodle shop…so making a pasta recipe they suggested tonight . both sound yum .
i agree that olive , canola oil or even earth balance make good substitutes if you don’t do dairy , butter , animal products , etc . !
cooking lesson # 3… . son loves indian food , he will be so proud of my cooking talents on this one , lol… . .
what a great walk - through for this lovely indian dish . totally making this soon . 😀
ooh , i’ve wanted to try this recipe for such a long time and this is probably the most straightforward and simple - to - follow version i’ve seen . i’m saving this for a great day of cooking !
i also find it funny that i have almost all of the exact spices you used in the same brands and everything , haha .
and i like to freeze my tomato paste in an ice cube tray in 1 tbsp servings and then pop them out and put them in a bag , that way they’re little pre - measured cubes that work well in recipes . 🙂
amote ` tomato paste in a tube will last forever in your refridge ! you can get this at any grocery store . use what you need and refridge the rest 🙂
i really like the tip on how to keep the tomato paste ! i always hate to waste it and have tried to put it in tubberware but it always goes bad . so i will def be fallowing your tip from no on !
thanks for posting this . i can’t wait to see more of these in the future . unfortunately , i can’t get a lot of these ingredients in japan . next time !
i love this little series . i’ve never had indian food but definitely want some and may try this recipe . keep them coming ! 🙂
sweeeeet ! thanks so much for the step by step ; i’ve been wanting to delve into making my own indian food , but sadly i was scared . and freezing tomato paste ? why didn’t my pea sized brain think of that ?
thanks for this ! i looooove indian food ( but i have to admit that the naan is a big part of that love affair ! ) and agree , it is never as good at home…i look forward to trying this recipe out with your tips . i’ve never even heard of a “pince” so perhaps that has been the missing ingredient in my recipes , since pretty much all indian includes tomato paste !
i admit ive always been nervous about making indian food because i hate curry , but i have to admit , this looks awesome . your instructions are great , and this will definitely be making an appearance !
i’ve never tried any time of indian food before , but i’m really interested and i totally want to make this . is it a one dish wonder , or do you serve it with some sort of side ?
you could take pictures of an old banana and a roll of foil and tell a story about how you once climbed a tree and i’d probably still find it interesting . everything you make looks ballin outta control . i am inspired to whip up some indian and i thank you very kindly .
thank you for sharing again ! i am so happy . your recipe is the best .
mmm , that looks so good . totally craving indian now . i don’t eat it enough , but my tummy is always happy when i do !
yum ! ! i am hungry right now and these pics and descriptions just made my tummy growl ! haha ! i have to try this recipe for sure . i love ginger . i am off to find something to eat that tastes half as good as your meal looks ! 🙂
hey jenna – love the blog . real quick – i’m indian , and have been around true indian cooking my entire life and we never use butter ! ! always oil , and always a little ! butter is a no no , unless you own your own restaurant where everything is packed full of calories and fat !
this is like taking lessons from the master chef . i have most of those ingredients already . i just need to buy some of the spices .
great that you’re getting all settled into your new place ! i’m impressed you have a recipe up so quickly…and one so thorough at that ! i’ve never had indian food…never had the opportunity or knew where to start . this recipe sounds doable and delicious ! i’m bookmarking it now . thanks for sharing ! !
i love this “what’s cooking tonight” series . it’s very informative and i appreciate all the details and pictures . i think i prefer photo to video . keep it up !
i really love these how - to posts ! your chana masala looks delicious .
it looks soooo delicious . i love indian food but find it very intimidating to make at home . this recipe seems doable and i love your detailed step by step directions . thanks .
looks fantastic . and with your instructions , doable even for a non - cook like me . i think i’ll give it a try . thanks so much !
i’ve never had indian food , but this recipe intrigues me . i go back and forth on vegetarianism — i suppose that makes me a flexitarian , but why impose labels ? this non - meat recipe sounds easy enough to throw together and is healthy too . even if i use real butter , we’re talking about 2 tablespoons distributed through a dish that probable makes six servings . how many servings does this make ? i suppose the final product freezes well too ?
this is such a great post ! you’re pictures came out so pretty and i love the narrative that you added with the instructions . maybe this will finally convince to like chickpeas in non - hummus form !
i love indian food too and i can never get it to taste as good at home . thanks for the recipe , i’ll have to give it a shot 🙂
this . looks . amazing ! i have always wanted to attempt both indian and thai recipes at home…but haven’t out of fear of completely butchering the amazing balance of flavors that those cultures achieve . mmmm . this looks amazing – i’m totally saving this recipe ! !
ooh ! i have been wanting to learn to make some indian food ! this is perfect . i am excited to try this . great post : - ) .
love your step by step posts . know what else i love ? the fact that i’ll be freezing tomato paste from now on . genius !
i freeze my tomato paste too ! love that . and you know what is even better ? i am currently living in malta ( south of sicily ) w / my in - laws and they sell tomato paste by the tube ( like a tube of toothpaste ) . it’s awesome b / c you just squirt out what you need !
thank you so much for the recent tutorials ! i love this addition to the blog .
bravo . i had not really been enjoying some of the posts recently , but this one made up for it . i really like the step - by - step instructions . indian and thai food are definitely types of cuisine that i have never been able to duplicate at home . i am looking forward to trying this one . thanks !
this sounds sooo good , jenna ! i’m going to have to make this . and thanks for the tip about the tomato paste…i always hate throwing away a whole can of it when i only use a tablespoon . i don’t know why i never thought of freezing it .
woohoo ~ this is definetely going to be a weekend meal . i didn’t know you posted this . i’m glad i went back through your posts to find the banana pancake recipe ( which is also on the weekend menu ) on which i stumbled across this one . and i like your new “what’s cooking tonight” series . cheers !
i love these posts ! cooking is so intimidating to me , so i greatly appreciate the step - by - step breakdown . thanks jenna 🙂
this is so good ! ! ! i just made it and i will be making it again and again ! thank you for the detailed instructions… . . as i have never cooked this before and it really helped !
i will definitely be making this next week ! your turkey chilli was the best turkey chilli i’ve ever made , even my fussy fiancé liked it which is saying something , haha .
i’ve never tried making indian food before but i do think it’s delicious . it just seems so daunting but this makes it seem so much easier . thanks jenna !
i love your new cooking series – fun ! i used to always freeze my tomato paste until i discovered that whole foods sells tubes of it that you can keep in the fridge ( just like on food network ! ) you just squeeze as much as you need and keep in in the fridge . the best part – they are only $ 0 . 99 each ! ! ! check them out 🙂
thank you so much for this post . i love indian food and have always been terribly disappointed when i’ve tried to make it at home . i followed your lead last night and we had a delicious meal at my house . the detailed instructions and images really helped . i look fwd to seeing more of these kinds of recipes on your blog . now i know i can cook indian food at home . thanks again !
i made this tonight and it was awesome ! my first attempt at indian , too . thanks !
i finally got around to making this . thank you ! the pictures really help those of us who haven’t been to culinary school understand thinks like “carmelize” or “pince . ” your blog makes recipes so easy to get right instead of just crossing your fingers !
i love the website - i first saw it yesterday , and i already have half a dozen recipes i must try .
this looks delicious , but as much as i try to like chickpeas , i just can’t . obviously it’ll be a different dish without chickpeas , but does anyone have any substitutes for them ? i would love to try these flavors without chickpeas .
jenna – someone in our household ( not mentioning any names but it’s not me – your dad will know who it is ) can’t eat many onions . i can get away with sneaking a few into recipes but it looks like onions are an important part of this recipe . will it turn out bad if i don’t use as many ? ? ? thanks – can’t wait to try this one !
awww i was totally going to swap out the butter since my body can’t digest it , but you caught me ! i’ll just keep drooling over the pictures instead . 🙂
i made this tonight and it was amazing ! had to sub the tomato paste for tomato sauce but it still came out so so tasty . thank you for the step by step instructions !
i make chana masala at home all the time , too – it’s such an easy “pantry meal” . i use a higher tomato to chickpea ratio though , mainly to up the veggie ( erm , fruit ) content and i like it soupier . plus more spices instead of a jalapeno since i often make this when there’s not much fresh stuff in the fridge ( hence , no jalapenos ) .
thank you so much for this recipe ! ! ! i made it for dinner tonight and my boyfriend and i loved it ! it will definitely become a staple around here .
i made this recipe for the second time tonight and loved it again ! i’m a novice when it comes to cooking but i could definitely handle this . it came out great and i’ll have some fabulous take - to - work lunches this week ! thanks so much for sharing .
i would recommend adding a pinch of sugar or tamarind as well to balance the acidity from the tomatoes .
your recipes are extremely entertaining and the step by step photos are so helpful ! i always wish more cookbooks had those so i knew what my progress was like as i struggle through . love your blog !
dear jenna , i love , love you but sometimes you forget to tell me when to add ingredients , like sea salt in this case . i actually make your recipes , so i hope you will comment !
thanks for the recipe , jenna ! i’m always looking for good vegetarian recipes with protein . keep up the great work ! 🙂
i didn’t even put any cayenne , just the jalapeno was spicy enough for me . and i didn’t have any plain yogurt but i stirred in cottage cheese instead . very good !
love indian food , but i’ve never made it myself . that is , until tonight . this was so good ! and now that i have the spices , i’ll have to make it again . ( after reading other people’s comments , i want to try mixing spices in with the onions . ) and after making this , i totally get what you’re saying about the dish smelling like pizza after pinceing !
i love this dish . i made it a couple of months ago and haven’t been able to stop thinking about it… and tonight i’m going to make it for a vegetarian friendly dinner party i’m making . it’s by far the best chickpea recipe i’ve ever made . thanks ! !
recipe looks great ! i found tomato paste in a tube in my local ‘designer’ market… . sure beats the can !
i have now made this twice , and i can officially say that i’m obsessed . i blogged about it once too : urltoken
i’m eating this right now 🙂 it was my first ever attempt at homemade indian and it will be in my rotation now ! thanks .
i love the idea of freezing the tomato paste ! i am guilty of throwing away so many cans . i’ve been meaning to find the tube of paste that keeps it fresh and you can squeeze but i always seem to forget . this is much easier . thank you !