the striped red mullet or surmullet ( mullus surmuletus ) is a species of goatfish found in the mediterranean sea , eastern north atlantic ocean , and the black sea .

they can be found in water as shallow as 5 metres ( 16 ft ) or as deep as 409 metres ( 1,342 ft ) depending upon the portion of their range that they are in .

this species can reach a length of 40 centimetres ( 16 in ) sl though most are only around 25 centimetres ( 9.8 in ) .

the greatest recorded weight for this species is 1 kilogram ( 2.2 lb ) .

this is a commercially important species and is also sought after as a game fish .

mullus barbatus and it are commonly called " red mullets " and often are not distinguished , though they can be told apart by the striped first dorsal fin of m. surmuletus .

despite its english name , the striped red mullet , of the goatfish family mullidae , is only very distantly related to the grey mullet and other species called " mullet " , classified in a different family of the order perciformes .

striped red mullet

add the striped red mullet fillets and cook until the meat is white and flakes away , about 5 - 10 minutes .
striped red mullet : : triglia di scoglio is found in the mediterranean and black seas as well as the eastern north atlantic ocean . it has been considered a delicacy since antiquity , especially among the ancient romans . if you are not able to find striped red mullet in your local grocery store you can also substitute it with red snapper .
want to put together an easy , yet elegant looking meal for valentine’s day ? try out this recipe for striped red mullet , a delicate white fish that is stewed with juicy red tomatoes , tangy capers and salty black olives ; it’s an italian specialty .
there is no restriction on red mullet catch . they are a non - quota species but red mullet catches to cornwall are very small , at 20 - 50 tonnes per year , compared to total eu landings of 2000 tonnes . minimum landing size for red mullet in cornish waters is 15cm . there is no eu minimum landing size . red mullet netting is controlled by eu regulations which state that the catch must be 70 % of the target species ( red mullet ) . mesh size between 70 and 90mm is prohibited in cornish waters ( cornwall inshore fisheries and conservation authority , cifca ) . a red mullet netting code of practice has been developed to ensure that red mullet netting in cornish waters is carried out responsibly , and cifca report that the level of red mullet netting has decreased in recent years , and the majority of fishermen using red mullet nets are abiding by the code of practice ( cifca 2011 ) . cifca provide support for fishermen in terms of checking gear and providing advice on legislation and they feel that this sector of netting is currently being managed appropriately ( s . cadman pers com ) .
want to put together a easy yet fancy looking meal for valentine’s day or any special occasion ? try out this recipe for striped red mullet , a delicate white fish that is stewed with juicy red tomatoes , tangy capers and salty black olives ; it’s an italian specialty .
red mullet make up a small , but high value part of the cornish fishing industry ' s landings . red mullet stocks are not well studied in our area however across the eu ices are concerned that they are being over fished and advised a reduction in catches of 20 % for the western area . the stocks are not protected by quotas but in cornwall are protected by a minimum landing size of 15cm . red mullet are caught using specialised red mullet nets in coastal waters and are also caught in cornish trawl fisheries .
forster . r , and smith . s , 2001 selectivity of gill nets used in the cornish red mullet fishery , fisheries science partnership , cefas lowestoft
red mullet are also caught in demersal trawls and beam trawls , often in deeper water in the western english channel during colder times of year . forster and smith , 2011 . french trawlers using small mesh size ( 70 - 90mm ) target red mullet in the winter months in the central pit of the western channel .
red mullet are very delicate and must be put straight onto ice as their quality deteriorates quickly . for best freshness source direct from a fisherman or specialist fish seller .
red and yellowish scales enticed me to try something new . the fish monger was all too kind to supply me with a typical italian recipe called “triglia alla livornese . ” triglia , as you can imagine , means striped red mullet ; “alla livornese” , on the other hand , basically means livorno style . ( livorno is a port city on the ligurian sea . )
both species mullus surmuletus ( red mullet ) and mullus barbatus ( striped red mullet ) are distinctly crimson or even orange in color – but the barbatus boasts yellowish streaks along their sides and grow larger of the two . both are caught without much distinction between the two commercially . they are typically quite small , less than 10 - 14 inches in length , and weigh about a third to a half of a pound each . the smaller the fish , it is commonly believed , the better the flavor and texture .
red mullet are caught in cornish waters by targeted red mullet nets . static nets set on the seabed with a mesh size of 65 - 70ml and a short soak time , set in summer months specifically to target red mullet which are a high value species . it is a highly skilled method of fishing and care must be taken not to accidentally catch unwanted fish as it is illegal to catch more than 30 % of non - target species and in our waters young pollack can be difficult to avoid . there are few other by catch issues or environmental issues with this fishery .
red mullet stocks are not well studied in our waters but there is no local evidence to suggest that stocks are declining . red mullet are a warm water species that moves into our waters in the summer months . due to a lack of evidence and taking a precautionary approach ices advises that catches should decrease by 20 % in relation to the average catch of the last three years , corresponding to catches of no more than 2000 t in 2015 . cefas list red mullet as a species that is currently underutilized and having potential for increased fishing effort in its report ( catchpole 2011 ) identifying under - utilized species .
red mullet is a regular summer visitor to south west coasts of the uk and is caught near to shore by netters . red mullet has a unique texture somewhere between white and oily fish . its high fat content adds a richness to it ' s flavour . it ' s liver is considered a delicacy . it has all the healthy eating attributes of white fish : high in protein and vitamin rich and also has the health benefits of being a source of omega - 3 fatty acids . red mullet are very delicate and must be put straight onto ice as their quality deteriorates quickly . for best freshness source direct from a fisherman or specialist fish seller .
which may confound efforts to correctly identify this species in the north sea bottom trawl surveys . additional confusion may arise from the use of the same common name ,
red mullet
, for both species ( uiblein 2007 ) .
red mullet are warm water fish that are related to the tropical goat fish . they feed on worms and crustaceans which they find by rooting around with a highly sensory pair of whisker like barbels , in muddy and sandy seabeds . red mullet mature at 2 years old and at a length of 16cm . maximum length is 45 cm . juveniles are found inshore and in estuaries whilst adults are found in deeper water . in the english channel they spawn between may and july . biological vulnerability score 39 / 100 cheung et al 2005 .
while the fish monger scaled the striped red mullet , he quickly told me the ingredients for this beloved dish . unfortunately , he was extremely quick at his job and finished before i could ask him the quantities : : le dosi . seeing a long line behind me , i didn’t want to bother him so the recipe you find below may not be true livorno style , but dare i say the presentation is more beautiful following my recipe while the taste is equally delicious .
rouget are better known in many areas of the world as the red mullet ( or rouget de roche , salmonette ) . but according to various sources , rouget should not be considered mullets at all . the name “mullet” is usually reserved for the various species of striped , grey and silver mullets , which are typically larger , longer and more streamlined in their body shape . the rouget is similar in appearance to a perch ( and is categorized under the perciformes order ) but is easily distinguished by a small set of barbels under its chin , which are used to “frisk” along the sea floor for food – an attribute that has also given it the name “goatfish” for their “beardlike” appearance .
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
rating 5 ( red ) is associated with fish to be avoided on the basis that all or most of the criteria for sustainablilty have not been met .
head is less steep . barbels longer than pectoral fin . body with longitudinal red and brown stripes . first dorsal fin with dark markings ( ref . 35388 ) .
scientific synonyms and common names mullus surmuletus linnaeus , 1758 synonyms : mullus surmuletus linnaeus , 1758 , syst . nat . , ed . x : 300 ( ' habitat in m . mediterraneo et ad cornubiam ' ) . mullus barbatus surmuletus : day , 1880 1884 : 22 , pl . 8 ( fig . 2 ) lozano rey , 1952 : 245 & 249 . mullus sunnuletus : moreau , 1881 : 244 , fig . 107 fowler , 1936 : 871 , fig . 374 poll , 1947 , fig . 157 soljan , 1948 : 174 , fig . bougis , 1952 : 57 - 174 , fig . dieuzeide et al . , 1954 : 256 , fig . wheeler , 1969 : 344 , fig . , pl . 10 . common names : mulle [ no ] mulle [ da ] meerbarbe [ de ] red mullet [ en ] salmonete de roca [ es ] rouget de roche [ fr ] barbouni [ he ] triglia di scoglio [ it ] mulit happassim [ iw ] barabulja [ ru ] striped red mullet [ en ] rouget de roche [ fr ] salmonete de roca [ es ] mul [ ne ] zeebarbeel [ ne ] koning van de poon [ ne ]
' red improver ' ratings are assigned to seafood sources which have been assessed and rated 5 ( red ) due to significant environmental concerns with one or more aspects of their management , capture or production , yet credible efforts to improve these issues have been agreed through a fisheries or aquaculture improvement project – a fip or an aip - and work is underway . such projects are normally publicly listed at www . fisheryprogress . org . mcs wants to encourage environmental improvements in fisheries and fish farms , and so does not recommend avoiding these sources , as we normally do for seafood rated 5 ( red rated ) .
seabream are a group of compact , medium - sized fishes known as sparidae . their firm white meat is similar in taste and texture to bass and is ideal for grilling , steaming , baking and pan - frying whole . the black bream or porgy and the red or
distinctive rounded shells that are slightly heart shaped . it is a bivalve ( two identical shells ) belonging to the family cardidae meaning ' heart - shaped ' . they can jump by bending and straightening the foot - the end bit - which is often coloured red and called the ' red nose ' . choose cockles harvested by sustainable methods only such as licensed hand gathering . avoid eating them during breeding season from march to july . burry inlet cockles and cockles from the dee estuary are both msc certified and provide the most sustainable options in the uk .
use the good fish guide to find out which fish are the most sustainable ( green rated ) , and which are the least sustainable ( red rated ) . make the right choice and reduce your impact – every purchase matters ! find out more about our seafood work , including how we develop our seafood ratings , plus sustainable seafood recipes and more .
marine ; demersal ; oceanodromous ( ref . 51243 ) ; depth range 5 - 409 m ( ref . 56504 ) . subtropical ; 62°n - 14°n , 19°w - 42°e
eastern atlantic : western norway , english channel ( rare in north sea ) to dakar , senegal and the canary islands , including the mediterranean and the black sea .
maturity : l m 16 . 1 , range 15 - 26 cm max length : 40 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 3397 ) ; common length : 25 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4845 ) ; max . published weight : 1 . 0 kg ( ref . 35388 ) ; max . reported age : 11 years ( ref . 92286 )
adults occur on broken and rough grounds but also found over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m . depth range from 5 - 60 m ( ref . 07313 ) and from 305 - 409 m in the eastern ionian sea ( ref . 56504 ) . feed on benthic organisms such as shrimps and amphipods , polychaetes , mollusks , and benthic fishes . spawning occurs from may to july , eggs and larvae are pelagic ( ref . 4845 ) . marketed fresh and frozen for steaming , pan - frying , broiling and baking ( ref . 9988 ) .
ben - tuvia , a . , 1990 . mullidae . p . 827 - 829 . in j . c . quero , j . c . hureau , c . karrer , a . post and l . saldanha ( eds . ) check - list of the fishes of the eastern tropical atlantic ( clofeta ) . jnict , lisbon ; sei , paris ; and unesco , paris . vol . 2 . ( ref . 7313 )
) : 7 - 16 . 1 , mean 10 . 2 ( based on 549 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5625 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00891 ( 0 . 00810 - 0 . 00980 ) , b = 3 . 11 ( 3 . 08 - 3 . 14 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 5 ±0 . 3 se ; based on diet studies .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( k = 0 . 1 - 0 . 7 ; tm = 2 ; tmax = 10 ) .
prior r = 0 . 85 , 2 sd range = 0 . 46 - 1 . 58 , log ( r ) = - 0 . 16 , sd log ( r ) = 0 . 31 , based on : 2 m , 25 k , 9 tgen , 7 tmax , records
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate vulnerability ( 39 of 100 ) .
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you can play a key role in securing the future of our seas and marine wildlife by making more environmentally responsible choices when buying seafood .
our seas face a wide range of threats . climate change , pollution , habitat and biodiversity loss are all impacting our seas ; plus 90 % of global fish stocks are either fully or over - exploited . all these factors combined mean that urgent action is needed to restore the health of our seas . fish farming ( aquaculture ) is rapidly expanding to meet increasing demand for seafood , but if this is done badly it can also damage the environment and exacerbate these other problems .
abalone ( called ormer in france and elsewhere ) are molluscs , belonging to a group of animals known as gastropods ( the same group as whelks ) . abalone can be farmed on land in aquaculture systems that are enclosed , referred to as
recirculating systems
, which means that all water and waste are contained . abalone graze on seaweeds . as there are no environmental interactions and no depletion of resources for food this makes abalone a really sustainable seafood choice . abalone can be farmed on land in aquaculture systems that are enclosed , referred to as
recirculating systems
, which means that all water and waste are contained . abalone graze on seaweeds for food . as there are no environmental interactions and no depletion of resources for food this makes abalone a really sustainalbe seafood choice .
as an oily fish , their strong flavour is used to add a kick to many dishes and sauces , including worcestershire sauce , and they are widely used in mediterranean cooking . anchovy fillets are generally packed in oil or salt and sold in jars
or tins . often used as a topping for pizza , caesar salads or just on toast . also in paste or rolled and accompanied with other foods such as olives . anchovy can also be processed into fish meal . they are small green fish with a silver stripe that gives them a bluish hue . a relative of the herring , they are a short - lived , schooling fish feeding on small fry ( recently hatched fish ) and plankton at the bottom of the food - chain . the bay of biscay fishery is a sustainable choice . the cantabrian sea ( bay of biscay ) purse seine anchovy fishery is certified by the marine stewardship council ( msc ) as sustainable . anchovy are a species with a low vulnerability and high resilience and as such can sustain high levels of fishing pressure . however , recruitment of young fish to the stock is affected by environmental factors including climatic fluctuations . if recruitment is low and fishing pressure too high the stock becomes vulnerable to collapse . anchovy are also a species at or near the base of the food chain and the impact of their large - scale removal on the marine ecosystem is poorly understood .
or tins . often used as a topping for pizza , caesar salads or just on toast . also in paste or rolled and accompanied with other foods such as olives . anchovy can also be processed into fish meal . they are small green fish with a silver stripe that gives them a bluish hue . a relative of the herring , they are a short - lived , schooling fish feeding on small fry ( recently hatched fish ) and plankton at the bottom of the food - chain . anchovy populations fluctuate largely because of environmental variability . it is important that their populations are maintained at an appropriate level because anchovy are a very important part of the food chain . their catches need to be appropriate to maintain an ecosystem balance . due to the last el nino , anchovy populations are low and therefore a suite of management measures have been implemented to ensure anchovy populations can rebuild . however , there needs to be more transparency in stock assessments and quotas need to be made more appropriate for predators of anchovy .
a member of the salmonidae family ( as are salmon and trout ) , arctic char ( or charr ) are both a freshwater and marine fish . they are native to the cold water of the arctic and sub - arctic , occupying coastal waters and lakes . it is also a
native species to scotland where is it found in deep , cold glacial lakes , as can be found in similar deep waters in the rest of the uk . it can reach sizes over 9kg but more typically are offered for sale at 1 - 2 kg . land based farmed arctic char is a good choice to make when looking for an oily fish . the use of land based production systems addresses many issues of environmental concern that can be associated with farmed fish production . artic charr has a lower requirement for fish in its diet compared to other salmonid species and in uk and icelandic production responsibly sourced feed is used .
method of production — farmed production country — uk production method — land based flow through and recirculating systems .
the group of freshwater fish known as catfish are captured from the wild or farmed for food and displayed in public aquaria dependant on the species . this farmed species natural habitat is medium to large rivers in asian countries such as
vietnam , where they can grow up to 44kg . there are omnivores , feeding on a diet of other fish , vegetable matter and crustacea . pangasius bocourti is one of the most important farmed species in vietnam . pangasius farmed to aquaculture stewardship council ( asc ) certified production standards is currently the best choice to make for this farmed species . the asc standard certification addresses a number of issues of environmental concern , the auditing of which requires farm inspections and standard enforcement . in general there are a number of issues of environmental concern associated with production , these include : habitat alteration ; nutrient and organic pollution ; escapes ; interactions with local wildlife and enforcement of regulations . pangasius is a an omnivore and as such is not heavily reliant on marine proteins and oils to form part of its diet , however the fish used to produce the feed is currently not certified as being responsibly managed or sustainable .
seabass are thick - set fish with silvery - scales and a rapid swimming predator , prized by anglers and chefs alike . can be roasted , grilled , baked or barbecued , also be steamed or poached . good with rosemary , garlic or lemon .
can be roasted , grilled , baked or barbecued , also be steamed or poached . good with rosemary , garlic or lemon . seabass are thick - set fish with silvery - scales and a rapid swimming predator , prized by anglers and chefs alike .
seabream are a group of compact , medium - sized fishes known as sparidae . their firm white meat is similar in taste and texture to bass and is ideal for grilling , steaming , baking and pan - frying whole . black bream or porgy are commonly found
in northern european seas and are commercially fished . however the bulk of the seabream in the uk market comes from imports of mediterranean farmed gilthead bream . black bream is a pretty inexpensive fish to eat as it ' s not massively popular despite the fact it ' s delicious . its taste is distinctive and on the sweet side so best grilled or stuffed and baked whole ( after removing its scales ) . fascinating fact - black bream all mature as females at around 20cm ; but once they reach about 30cm they may change into males and all fish over 40cms are males ! they lay their eggs in nests which males excavate with their tails and guard against predators . black bream stocks currently appear to be in a healthy state , however there is a lack of stock assessment and appropriate management measures in force for the species . they are moderately vulnerable to fishing in terms of growth rate and fecundity and the species spawning behavioural traits make them especially vulnerable to bottom trawling . trawling for black bream can destroy both nests and eggs . black bream caught with rod and line or gillnet is a more sustainable option . cornwall , north western and sussex ifca districts , as well as north wales , have the best management for black bream and are currently the most sustainable areas to source from ( sussex has mesh regulations and closed areas for the spawning season and cornwall , sussex , north western and north wales prohibit landing of seabream below 23 cm ) . avoid eating immature black bream ( below 23 cm ) caught prior to and during their spawning season ( april and may in uk inshore waters ) , thus allowing them chance to spawn or reproduce .
sold as whole steaks and fillets and is sometimes used as an alternative to turbot . it is similar to turbot but has slightly smaller flakes and a sweeter taste . brill belongs to a small family of left - eyed flatfish . it grows relatively
fast and generally reaches a certain length faster ( at younger ages ) than flatfish , such as sole and plaice , in the same areas . fisheries for this species are poorly managed . due to lack of data there is no assessment of brill populations or stock . the state of the stock is unknown although abundance is estimated to be increasing . landings of brill derive mainly from the north sea where it is taken as bycatch , predominantly in beam trawl fisheries for plaice and sole . these fisheries are associated with substantial damage to seabed flora and fauna and high discarding of juvenile fish . avoid eating immature brill ( less than 30cm ) and during their breeding time in spring and summer .
clams are versatile shellfish which you should only eat if they are from farmed sources ( e . g . manila or american hardshell clams ) or harvested from the wild ( e . g . carpet or razor clams ) using sustainable manual methods such as hand
gathering . they can be eaten raw , boiled , baked or fried and are most popularly made into clam chowder - a brothy soup , containing potatoes and other vegetables , and often cream . clams , like many fish , were served in restaurants on fridays to provide an option for catholics who abstained from eating
meat ' on this day , as well as during important christian periods such as lent . all manila clams in the uk are progeny of broodstock imported from the west coast of usa . they are grown in trays on trestles in the sea before planting out in ground plots or seabed . only a small number of manila clams are farmed for the table in uk ( 5 tonnes , 2012 ) , the biggest production is seed for ongrowing . clams may be harvested by manual digging or raking , or by mechanical methods , e . g . suction or hydraulic dredge . manual harvesting methods cause less disturbance to sediment than mechanical methods . shellfish farming is a low - impact method of producing farmed seafood and high quality water standards are required for cultivation of shellfish for human consumption .
gathering . avoid eating clams that have been harvested using illegal methods such as by electrical fishing . they can be eaten raw , boiled , baked or fried and are most popularly made into clam chowder - a brothy soup , containing potatoes and other vegetables , and often cream . clams , like many fish , were served in restaurants on fridays to provide an option for catholics who abstained from eating meat on this day , as well as during important christian periods such as lent . in scotland , razor clams are also known as spoots , a reference to the jets of water they produce when rapidly burrowing into sand when exposed at low tides . the marine conservation society fishery team is currently updating the consumer advice for this entry
best boiled then seasoned with malt vinegar and pepper , they are often pickled but also sold in a sealed packet to eat on the go . a traditional welsh breakfast is cockles fried with bacon and served with laver bread . cockles have
many of the fish listed are caught in different ways and from different areas of the sea . some species are caught in a variety of ways and this range shows that , within a species , some may be fished sustainably whilst others unsustainably .
to find out the individual ratings for each fish click on the ratings button next to the image .
fish to eat are rated 1 and 2 , fish to avoid are rated 5 . ratings 3 and 4 mean don’t eat too often .
fish that are being assessed are shown with a question mark icon and
no rating
.
this system has been developed by the marine conservation society to help consumers choose the most environmentally sustainable fish .
seafood sources indicated as , ' to be assessed ' , are those that have not yet been assessed and assigned a rating or are undergoing a period of review . these include sources previously rated by mcs for which the rating has lapsed , due to changes in the market or mcs priorities and resources . given that these sources are not fully assessed , the profile should not be used to infer the current sustainability of the fishery or farmed species .
rating 1 ( light green ) is associated with the most sustainably produced seafood .
rating 3 ( yellow ) based on available information ; these species should probably not be considered sustainable at this time . areas requiring improvement in the current production may be significant . eat only occasionally and check urltoken for specific details .
rating 4 ( orange ) should not be considered sustainable , and the fish is likely to have significant environmental issues associated with its production . while it may be from a deteriorating fishery , it may be one which has improved from a 5 rating , and positive steps are being taken . however , mcs would not usually recommend choosing this fish .
' best choice ' fish are rated 1 and 2 , fish to avoid are rated 5 .
this system has been developed by the marine conservation society to help businesses and consumers choose the most environmentally sustainable fish .
© marine conservation society ( mcs ) 2017 . registered charity no : 1004005 ( england & wales ) ; sc037480 ( scotland ) . company limited by guarantee no : 2550966 . registered in england vat no : 489 1505 17 . registered office : overross house , ross park , ross - on - wye , hr9 7us .
© marine conservation society ( mcs ) 2017 . registered charity no : 1004005 ( england & wales ) ; sc037480 ( scotland ) . company limited by guarantee no : 2550966 . registered in england vat no : 489 1505 17 . registered office : overross house , ross park , ross - on - wye , hr9 7us . scottish office : suite 7 , cbc house , 24 canning street , edinburgh , eh3 8eg
beam trawls are nets with a steel beam that holds the net open . the belly of the net is made of chains and the upper surface of the net is mesh . beam trawlers pull two nets along the seabed simultaneously .
gill nets are lightweight nets made of nylon ( monofilament ) fishing line that are anchored to the seabed and are used to catch fish by entangling the gills .
demersal trawls are large nets that are pulled through the water with the bottom edge of the net touching the seabed . at each edge the net is pulled open by metal ‘trawl doors’ . sometimes referred to as otter trawling .
cornwall good seafood guide rates fish on sustainability using a scale of 1 to 5 .
1 , 2 and 3 are recommended , fish to avoid are rated 5 .
we use the system devised by the marine conservation society ( mcs ) so our scores are comparable with the scores produced by mcs for the uk and fisheries from all around the world . for more information on scoring click here .
demersal trawling in inshore waters is carried out by licenced vessels operating under very strict criteria on vessel size and power and the majority of demersal trawlers in cornwall are using larger than mandatory mesh size over 100mm to reduce unwanted bycatch of juvenile fish .
ref - cheung , w . w . l . , t . j . pitcher and d . pauly , 2005 . a fuzzy logic expert system to estimate intrinsic extinction vulnerabilities of marine fishes to fishing . biol . conserv . 124 : 97 - 111
this simple dish is delicous and easy to prepair . and is best . . .
nathan outlaw proves fish is more than a match for beef in a . . .
a delicious , creamy , spicy recipe to set off quality sustainable . . .
a great way to enjoy crab meat - brown crab claws are full of . . .
this is a simple but effective recipe to make the best of . . .
this is a lovely light lunch or starter using one of our . . .
cornwall good seafood guide is underpinned by the marine conservation society ( mcs ) good fish guide . the first uk consumer guide to sustainable seafood . for more information visit urltoken
if you would like to get in touch with us please feel free to contact us below or use our contact us page .
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carpenter , k . e . , smith - vaniz , w . f . , de bruyne , g . & de morais , l .
madeira and the canary islands , and is found in the entire mediterranean and in the black sea . it is found at depths ranging from zero to 300 m over sandy and muddy substrates . this species was considered a valuable bycatch species prior to the 1990s , after which it became a major target for small scale and semi - industrial fisheries . it is heavily exploited in the mediterranean and northeast atlantic . in the mediterranean sea there are few spawning stock biomass ( ssb ) estimates . available information from the balaeric islands shows reductions in ssb to a series low in 2009 . all additional examined stocks are considered overexploited , with recommendations to reduce fishing effort by 40 to 60 % , depending on the region . in the northeast atlantic the population of
appears to be increasing due to warming temperatures . this increase in abundance has led to the development of fisheries which target this species . it
is a relatively short lived species which is capable of rapid reproductive turnover . therefore , it is listed as least concern .
is distributed from norway and the english channel to dakar , senegal , including madeira and the canary islands , and is found in the entire mediterranean and in the black sea . it is found at depths ranging from zero to 300 metres ( golani in press , vasil ' eva 2011 ) .
albania ; algeria ; belgium ; bulgaria ; cape verde ; croatia ; cyprus ; denmark ; egypt ; france ; gambia ; georgia ; germany ; gibraltar ; greece ; guernsey ; israel ; italy ; jersey ; lebanon ; libya ; malta ; mauritania ; monaco ; montenegro ; morocco ; netherlands ; norway ; portugal ( madeira ) ; romania ; russian federation ; senegal ; serbia ; slovenia ; spain ( canary is . ) ; syrian arab republic ; tunisia ; turkey ; ukraine ; united kingdom ; western sahara
have continuously increased from 1950 ( 1 , 000 tonnes ) to a peak in 2007 ( 18 , 331 tonnes ) , gradually decreasing to 14 , 096 tonnes in 2011 . the largest landings are reported from libyan arab jamahiriya and france .
the most recent review of scientific advice for 2014 of the scientific , technical and economic committee for fisheries ( stecf ) provides the following insight : in most regions for which information was available , spawning stock biomass ( ssb ) estimates are not available . the majority of stocks are considered overfished . in the balaeric islands this species is overfished . ssb has declined continuously since 2000 to the lowest value of the time series in 2009 and remaining low to 2011 . stocks in the liguirian and north tyrrhenian sea are also overfished , with juveniles representing the majority of the catch . this species is among the most valuable demersal resources off the coast of egypt , and is also overfished in this area . throughout the mediterranean basin recommendations are to reduce fishing mortality ( f ) by 40 to 60 % ( stecf 2013 ) .
catch per unit effort ( cpue ) has steadily decreased from 1968 to 2008 in the balearic islands , western mediterranean . landings and cpue remained relatively constant from the 1990s to 2008 ( quetglas
are considered overfished , and in some cases over - exploited , in the following mediterranean sub - regions : gsa06 , gsa07 , gsa09 , gsa05 , gsa25 ( gfcm 2011 ) . although
2002 ) . international bottom trawl survey ( itbs ) data show fluctuating trends from 1992 to 2012 .
m . surmuletus , suggesting that there is need to improve onboard identification using keys and training of participating scientists . this species is thought to be an indicator of climate - related temperature increase in the northern atlantic . there are recent records from 50°n along the norwegian coast , recorded just south bergen , in hardanger fjord and off coastal islands in the area . in the eastern part of the north sea , some small - scale fisheries have been started due to the increased abundance . it is also found in the kattegat area . it is still rare further north . the same trends have been reported from scotland and the shetland islands . temperature increases in the 1930s resulted in similar range expansions ( uiblein 2007 ) .
was considered a valuable bycatch species prior to the 1990s , after which it became a major target for small scale and semi - industrial fisheries . it is heavily exploited in the mediterranean and northeast atlantic ( vogiatzi
is caught primarily by trammel nets and by trawl ( golani in press ) .
is a commercial species throughout its range . it is a major target for small scale and semi - industrial fisheries , and is heavily exploited in the mediterranean and northeast atlantic ( vogiatzi
. 2013 ) . in the mediterranean , two of the three anaged stocks are considered to be over - exploited , and recommendations have been made to not increase fishing mortality , to reduce fishing mortality , and to reduce the percentage small individuals in the catch . in the mediterranean , catches mostly consist of animals less than 15 cm tl which have not yet completed their second year of life ( tserpes
mediterranean fisheries are concentrated along coastal areas , where biodiversity is greatest . the majority ( 80 % ) of the mediterranean fleet is comprised of vessels < 12 m , and as such mediterranean fisheries can be thought of as small - scale artisanal fisheries . additionally , fisheries tend to be multi - species . as such it is difficult and expensive to obtain data for stock assessment purposes . there are several issues of concern which include the widespread targeting of small species or larger juvenile finfish prior to maturity , the observed reduction in the mean trophic level of mediterranean catches , and high discard rates ( 40 to 56 % of the catch taken in waters < 150 m ) and the reduction in mean abundance of piscivorous species ( vassilopoulou 2010 ) .
according to a 2013 synthesis of the status of mediterranean and black sea resources in european waters , while the state of knowledge on the mediterranean and black sea stocks is improving rapidly , between 94 % and 95 % of stocks analysed are overexploited . recent observed reductions in nominal fishing effort have not resulted in declines in fishing mortality . overall reductions between 45 % and 51 % are needed in order to reach maximum sustainable yields ( cardinale and osio 2013 ) .
coastal demersal resources are very sought after in all four of the northern cecaf zone countries ( mauritania , morocco , senegal and the gambia ) . many of the commercially important demersal resources of northwest africa are heavily exploited ( fao 2011 ) . they are exploited by both national artisanal fleets and foreign industrial fleets . demersal fisheries are typically multi - purpose , and many demersal fisheries resources are by - catch of more specialized fisheries , such as the cephalopod , hake or shrimp fisheries . high fishing pressure is exerted all on demersal fish species in this region
morocco : demersal resources are exploited by moroccan cephalopod freezer trawlers , coastal fishing vessels , coastal trawlers and longliners , artisanal boats , leased boats and russian vessels operating under the morocco - russia fishing agreement . demersal resources are explicitly targeted by longlines and some artisanal fishing boats , other vessels catch them as bycatch .
mauritania : demersal resources are exploited by foreign and national trawlers targeting , hake , shrimp , pelagics and demersal fishes .
senegal : demersal resources are mainly targeted by artisanal boats ( fleet composed of ~ 12691 canoes ) using fishing lines , but also by national and foreign trawlers operating under fishing agreements .
to deeper waters ( golani 1994 ) , but direct impacts have not been documented . in the eastern levant ,
is caught in large numbers but due to its small size , is not commercially important ( golani in press ) .
is a well - researched and managed species in the mediterranean . stock assessments are performed regularly by sub - region in the mediterranean basin . it is well researched in the northeast atlantic as well , although relative to the mediterranean it has received less research attention . it is found in marine protected areas throughout its range . there is a need for more research and monitoring of population trends in this species .
carpenter , k . e . , smith - vaniz , w . f . , de bruyne , g . & de morais , l . 2015 .
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fewer fish are prized more in the mediterranean than the rouget , for it has a flavor that is so well complimented by the region’s distinctive and aromatic ingredients . whether utilized in a bouillabaisse or baked or pan - fried and featured at the center of the dish , it is a highly coveted european delicacy ( dating back to demand by the romans ! ) and often hard to source in the u . s .
the delicate white flesh is low in fat and high in protein . the scales are relatively large and easily removed . a favorite in european cuisine , the livers of these fish are considered a delicacy – many french recipes call for the whole , ungutted fish to be grilled , or to sauté the livers in butter and then stuff the fish with it before preparation . broiling , pan and deep frying are typical preparations ( not recommended served raw ) as well as escabeche . browne trading imports ours directly from portugal as catch allows – usually our fish our 150 - 250 grams each .
browne trading company is the premier supplier of fresh fish , fine caviar , shellfish , and smoked seafood to both elite restaurants and home kitchens across the u . s .
while doing a little research on the traditional recipe , it appears that this dish is mostly served with the whole fish ( instead of fillets ) , topped with green olives ( not black ) and covered with purèed tomatoes ( not whole ) . feel free to try out the more traditional method , although i usually prefer eating fillets of fish since it’s much less work to eat and i liked the presentation : : presentazione with the tomato pieces as you can still see the fish underneath .
capers : : capperi are commonly used in mediterranean dishes as they are native to the area . in this recipe they add a nice tangy burst of flavor .
when making seafood dishes , i like to use few ingredients : : ingredienti to keep it healthier and quicker to prepare . just like my italian b aked sardine and easy blood orange sole recipes , this dish was on the table in under 30 minutes .
heat the olive oil in a pan over medium heat then add the onions and garlic . sautè them until they’ve softened and have turned slightly brown .
add the capers and black olives , reduce the heat to low and continue cooking for 5 minutes . serve warm .
hi thomas ! it’s nice to hear from another person who has the same love for simple cooking . the fish is plated on a vegetable called “agretti” . you can find the recipe searching by the name or following this link : urltoken
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english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
on broken and rough ground but also taken in fair quantities over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m . less
bougis , p . 1952 . recherches biométriques sur les rougets ( mullus barbatus , mullus surmuletus ) . archs zool . exp . gen . , 89 ( 2 ) : 57 - 174 , 55 fig .
chaine , j . 1938a . recherches sur les otolithes des poissons . . . ( suite ) . act . soc . linn . bordeaux , suppl . 89 : pp . 1 - 361 , 5 pl .
day , f . 1880 - 1884 . the fishes of great britain and ireland . london - edinburgh , 2 vol . , cxii + 336 pp . , 5 + 7 fig . , 92 pl . and 388 pp . , 87 pl . 1880 : 1 ( 1 ) : pp . 1 - 64 , pl . i - xxvii ; 1881 : 1 ( 2 ) ( 3 ) : pp . 65 - 240 , pl . xxviii - lxviii ; 1882 : 1 ( 4 ) : pp . 241 - 336 , pl . lxix - xcii ; 2 ( 5 ) : pp . 1 - 96 , pl . xciii - cxvi ; 1883 : 2 ( 6 ) : pp . 97 - 176 , pl . cxvii - cxxxii ; 2 ( 7 ) : pp . 177 - 272 , pl . cxxxiii - cxlviii ; 1884 : 2 ( 8 ) : pp . 273 - 368 , pl . cxlix - clxxix .
dieuzeide , r . ; novella , m . ( collab . j . roland ) , 1953 - 1955 . catalogue des poissons des côtes algériennes . bull . stn aquic . pêch . castiglione , i ( n . s . ) , ( 4 ) , 1952 [ 1953 ] : pp . 1 - 135 , 73 fig . n . num . ; ii ( n . s . ) , ( 5 ) , 1953 [ 1954 ] : pp . 1 - 258 , 135 fig . n . num . ; iii ( n . s . ) , ( 6 ) , 1954 [ 1955 ] : pp . 1 - 384 , 202 fig . n . num .
fowler , h . w . 1936 . the marine fishes of west africa , based on the collection of the american museum congo expedition 1909 - 1915 . bull . am . mus . nat . hist . , 70 ( 1 ) , jan . 21 , 1936 : pp . vii + 1 - 606 , fig . 1 - 275 ; ( 2 ) , nov . 18 , 1936 : pp . 607 - 1493 , fig . 276 - 567 .
koken , e . 1884 . über fisch - otolithen , insbesondere über die jenigen der norddeutschen oligocän - ablagerungen . z . dt . geol ges . , 36 ( 3 ) : 500 - 565 , pl . ix - xii .
linnaeus , c . 1758 . systema naturae , ed . x , vol . 1 , 824 pp . nantes & pisces : pp . 230 - 338 . ( reprint , 1956 , london . )
lozano y rey , l . 1952 . peces fisoclistos , subserie toracicos . mems r . acad . cienc . exact . fis . nat . madr . , ser . : cien . nat . , primate parte , 14 : pp . xv + 1 - 378 , fig . 1 - 20 , pl . i - xxx ; segunda parte , 14 : pp . 379 - 705 , fig . 21 - 31 , pl . xxi - li .
montalenti , g . 1937 . maenidae , mullidae , sciaenidae , cepolidae in uova , larve e stadi giovanili di teleostei . fauna flora golfo napoli , 38 : 383 - 412 , fig . 263 - 277 , pl . xxxi - xxxiii .
moreau , e . 1881 - 1891 . histoire naturelle des poissons de la france , paris , i , 1881 : pp . i - vii + 1 - 480 , fig . 1 - 82 ; ii , 1881 : pp . 1 - 572 , fig . 83 - 145 ; iii , 1881 : pp . 1 - 697 , fig . 146 - 220 ; suppl . , 1891 : pp . 1 - 144 , fig . 221 - 227 .
poll , m . 1947 . poissons marins in faune de belgique . bruxelles , 452 pp . , 267 fig . , 2 pl . , 2 maps n . num . ( inset ) .
sanz echeverria , j . 1926 . datos sobre el otolito , sagitta de los peces de españa . boln r . soc . esp . hist . nat . , 26 ( 1 ) : pp . 145 - 160 , 71 fig .
sanz echeverria , j . 1936 . otolitos del genere mullus . boln r . soc . esp . hist . nat . , 36 : 345 - 361 , 2 fig . , 2 pl .
soljan , t . 1948 . fauna i flora jadrana . 1 . ribe inst . oceanogr . ribarst . jugoslavia . zagreb , hrvatske , 437 pp . , 1350 fig .
wheeler , a . 1969 . the fishes of the british isles and north - west europe . macmillan , london , melbourne and toronto : pp . i - xvii + 1 - 163 , 5 + 177 fig . , 392 fig . ( princ . sp . ) , 92 n . num . fig . , 16 pl . , maps .


the crevalle jack , caranx hippos ( also known as the common jack , black-tailed trevally , couvalli jack , black cavalli , jack crevale and yellow cavalli ) is a common species of large marine fish classified within the jack family , carangidae .

the crevalle jack is distributed across the tropical and temperate waters of the atlantic ocean , ranging from nova scotia , canada to uruguay in the west atlantic and portugal to angola in the east atlantic , including the mediterranean sea .

it is distinguishable from similar species by its deep body , fin colouration and a host of more detailed anatomical features , including fin ray and lateral line scale counts .

it is one of the largest fish in the genus caranx , growing to a maximum known length of 124 cm and a weight of 32 kg , although is rare at lengths greater than 60 cm .

the crevalle jack inhabits both inshore and offshore waters to depths of around 350 m , predominantly over reefs , bays , lagoons and occasionally estuaries .

young fish dispersed north by currents in the eastern atlantic are known to migrate back to more tropical waters before the onset of winter ; however , if the fish fail to migrate , mass mortalities occur as the temperature falls below the species ' tolerance limits .

the crevalle jack is a powerful , predatory fish , with extensive studies showing the species consumes a variety of small fish , with invertebrates such as prawns , shrimps , crabs , molluscs and cephalopods also of minor importance .

dietary shifts with both age , location and season have been demonstrated , which led some researchers to postulate the species is indiscriminant in its feeding habits .

the crevalle jack reaches maturity at 55 cm in males and 66 cm in females , with spawning taking place year round , although peaks in activity have been documented in several sites .

the larval and juvenile growth has been extensively studied , with the oldest known individual 17 years of age .

the crevalle jack is an important species to commercial fisheries throughout its range , with annual catches ranging between 1000 and 30 000 tonnes over its entire range .

it is taken by a variety of netting methods , including purse nets , seines and gill nets , as well as hook-and-line methods .

the crevalle jack is also a revered gamefish , taken both by lures and bait .

the species is considered of good to poor quality table fare , and is sold fresh , frozen , or preserved , or as fishmeal or oil at market .

the crevalle jack is closely related to both the pacific crevalle jack and the longfin crevalle jack , the latter of which has been extensively confused with the true crevalle jack until recently .

crevalle jack

raw cubes of jack crevalle are ready to be marinated with a variety of ingredients for chef chris sherrill’s jack crevalle prime rib with horseradish white bbq sauce .
the crevalle jack will often grunt or croak when it is caught by fishermen .
the crevalle jack has edible flesh , but is not considered very desirable for food .
raw cubes of marinated jack crevalle are prepared for kabobs , skewered on rosemary sprigs .
this article is a species account for crevalle jack ( caranx hippos ) in florida .
averaging 3 to 5 pounds in weight and 1 to 21⁄2 feet in length , the crevalle jack can regularly weigh as much as 10 pounds ; the paciﬁc crevalle jack is usually smaller . the all - tackle world record for the crevalle jack is a 58 - pound angolan ﬁsh and for the paciﬁc crevalle jack is a 39 - pound costa rican ﬁsh .
reproductive behavior of the bigeye crevalle jack caranx sexfasciatus : . . . | download scientific diagram
the florida fishing record for the crevalle jack is 23 . 1 kg ( 51 lbs ) .
known as the horse - eye jack or horse - eye crevalle in reference to the large eyes of the species . other lesser used names include big - eye jack and false jack .
we cut the jack crevalle loins into 1 . 5 - inch - by - 1 . 5 inch cubes .
the crevalle jack is capable of producing croaking sounds by grinding its teeth together while releasing gas from its air bladder .
, inhabits the pyloric junction or the entire length of the intestine . copepods are also common parasites to the crevalle jack including
chef ' s corner : who says jack crevalle is inedible ? chef chris sherrill took a load of thought - inedible jack crevalle from the recent flora - bama fishing rodeo and whipped up some tasty kabobs . check out this story on urltoken urltoken
common jack , crevally , toro , trevally , horse crevalle ; spanish : cavallo , chumbo , cocinero , jurel común .
try this recipe for smoked jack crevalle on your next jack crevalle and let us know what you think . my fishing buddies tried this and could not believe it was jack crevalle . check out our amazon store here : urltoken become a patreon urltoken learn how to smoke small fish here : urltoken see us on facebook here : urltoken basic smoked fish recipe is here : urltoken
throughout its lifetime , the crevalle jack lives from the shoreline to open waters in the gulf of mexico - - moving in and out annually .
chef chris sherrill took a load of thought - inedible jack crevalle from the recent flora - bama fishing rodeo and whipped up some tasty kabobs .
the horse - eye jack , caranx latus , is a gamefish and minor commercial fish in the family carangidae . it is also known as the big - eye jack , and is similar in appearance to the crevalle jack , although the head of the horse - eye jack is not as blunt . the horse - eye jack is known to feed on smaller fish and on many invertebrates , such as shrimp and crab .
predators the crevalle jack is prey for many surface feeding carnivores , such as finfish including the striped marlin ( tetrapturus audax ) , and sea birds .
the crevalle jack , caranx hippos . illustration by diana rome peebles 1998 . courtesy of florida fish and wildlife conservation commission , division of marine fisheries .
…game fish , such as the crevalle jack ( c . hippos ) of warm atlantic waters and the yellow jack ( c . bartholomaei ) , which frequents warm atlantic waters and is noted for its golden - yellow sides and fins .
to plate , stack the jack crevalle kabobs on your favorite platter or plate . drizzle your horseradish bbq sauce along the kabobs and leave dollops on the plate .
hoff jg . 1971 . mass mortality of the crevalle jack , caranx hippos ( linnaeus ) on the atlantic coast of massachusetts . chesapeake science 12 : 49 .
the crevalle jack is a diurnal predator . adults prey upon on a variety of fish , shrimp and invertebrates . juveniles feed mainly on small fish and crustaceans .
parasites parasites of the yellow jack include the copepods caligus chorinemi and caligus robustus .
food habits the crevalle jack is a diurnal predator . adults prey upon on a variety of fish , shrimp and invertebrates . juveniles feed mainly on small fish and crustaceans .
shipp and i both identify jack crevalle as extremely bloody , due to their powerful swimming habits . but you know what else is deemed red and somewhat bloody ? beef !
the crevalle jack is a prey item for various surface - feeding carnivores , such as finfish ( i . e . striped marlin , tetrapturus audax ) and sea birds .
the adult horse - eye jack commonly swims with others in a school , either as one species or mixed with crevalle jack . sometimes it also swims as a pair with a member of a very different species , such as halichoeres radiatus , a type of wrasse .
as noted , we treated the jack crevalle just like beef . the outcome ?
absolutely mind - numbing and incredible ,
according to gary finch of the famed gary finch outdoors .
after forsskål’s initial description and naming , the species was independently renamed three times as caranx lessonii , caranx ekala and carangus hippoides , all of which are now considered invalid junior synonyms . [ 6 ] the latter of these names once again highlighted the similarity with the crevalle jack , with the epithet hippoides essentially meaning ‘like carangus hippos’ , [ 7 ] which was the crevalle jack’s latin name at that point in time . despite the resemblance with the crevalle jack , the two species have never been phylogenetically compared , either morphologically or genetically , to determine their relationship .
saloman ch , sp naughton . 1984 . food of crevalle jack ( caranx hippos ) from florida , louisiana , and texas . noaa technical memorandum nmfs - sefc - 134 . 34pp .
the crevalle jack is a relevantly unimportant commercial fish species . never the less , they are fished commercially throughout the year in southwest florida , and in the spring , fall , and summer in the gulf of mexico . crevalle jacks are an important sport fish , and are exploited throughout their range . they are the most common large jack caught off the west coast of florida .
this later revision in classification saw the species moved to the genus caranx , where it has remained . [ 4 ] even after its initial description , the giant trevally ( and the bigeye trevally ) were often confused with the atlantic crevalle jack , caranx hippos , due to their superficial similarity , which led to some authors claiming the crevalle jack had a circumtropical distribution . [ 5 ]
wiggers r . 2005 . crevalle jack . in : comprehensive wildlife conservation strategy . south carolina department of natural resources , columbia , sc . available : urltoken . accessed : september , 2009 .
there is a prominent black spot on the gill cover and another at the base of each pectoral ﬁn . the soft dorsal and anal ﬁns are almost identical in size . the two species are distinguished externally from each other only by the presence of a larger maximum number of scutes , up to 42 on the paciﬁc crevalle jack , as opposed to 26 to 35 on the crevalle jack .
the bluethroat pikeblenny is among the many prey items of the yellow jack . photo © suzan meldonian
this work was done on a medium - sized ( about 20 pounds ) , extremely fresh jack .
dentition the crevalle jack has three paired patches of small villiform teeth located dorsally . these teeth are larger than the premaxillary teeth . ventrally , the jack crevalle has a single pair of triangular patches of smaller teeth . these teeth , in combination with the air bladder , are responsible for the croaking noise it makes when it is caught . the fish rasp their upper and lower teeth together , this combined with air bladder resonance , are the factors contributing to the sound .
the closely related horse - eye jack ( caranx latus ) is frequently seen schooling over reefs . photo courtesy noaa
although the crevalle jack is a relevantly unimportant commercial fish , it is fished commercially throughout the year in southwest florida , and in the spring , fall , and summer in the gulf of mexico . it is an important sport fish , and is exploited throughout its range . it is the most common large jack caught off the west coast of florida .
figure 7 . reproductive behavior of the bigeye crevalle jack caranx sexfasciatus : ( a ) pairs of jacks leaving a spawning aggregation , showing both normal and dark phase ; ( b ) a pair of c . sexfasciatus swimming prior to spawning .
yep , i said it ; jack crevalle , deemed inedible by most locals . even the crabs in the crab traps turn their nose up at it . i ' ll admit , between a dare and pure curiosity , i had my doubts .
in another mixing bowl , add the ranch dressing , worcestershire sauce , garlic , scallions , lemon juice , pepper , salt blend and rosemary , and mix together . add the jack crevalle cubes and let marinate for a minimum of one hour .
adult horse - eye jack are typically dark blue to silvery - blue above , becoming silvery white to golden below .
horse - eye jack ( caranx latus ) other names : bigeye jack , ojo gordo range : all florida , especially south florida–but more common in the bahamas and caribbean . habitat : more of an openwater species than the crevalle , it is found over the reefs and near the beaches ; also in channels and harbors . description : similar in body shape to the crevalle , but the head is not quite so blunt . the color is also different , being usually silvery on the sides and below ; dark gray or blackish above . the fins are blackish as opposed to the yellow tinge of the crevalle . hard scutes forward of tail . as the name indicates , the eyes are very large . size : commonly caught in similar sizes to the crevalle , but does not grow so large , topping out at 20 pounds or so . world and florida records 24 pounds , 8 ounces . food value : poor by most tastes , and has been implicated in ciguatera poisoning ( see introduction ) . game qualities : like the crevalle , a tough brawler . tackle and baits : see jack crevalle . fishing systems : casting ; drifting ; trolling .
the crevalle jack ' s range consists mainly of the coastal areas of the western atlantic ocean from novia scotia to uruguay . they also often are found throughout the gulf of mexico , especially along the coast of texas and the west coast of florida .
over a hot grill , place your jack crevalle kabobs over hot and high heat to get the grill marks and char going . drizzle the kabobs with the butter as they sear . flames will likely occur and will char the the rosemary , but this adds a great flavor . we cooked the kabobs to medium . a little pink is perfect , as the jack can dry out .
my opinion ? it was very similar to ribeye , or even filet mignon — very flavorful , very meaty and quite wonderful . i will continue to pursue jack crevalle , and will make more efforts to cook this sustainable and available fish every chance i get .
similar species : blue runner , c . crysos ( lack black spot at base of pectoral fins ) ; other jack species .
caranx itself is part of the larger jack and horse mackerel family carangidae , a group of percoid fishes in the order perciformes .
although the crevalle jack is a relevantly unimportant commercial fish , it is fished commercially throughout the year in southwest florida , and in the spring , fall , and summer in the gulf of mexico . it is an important sport fish , and is exploited throughout its range .
this is the only jack with a black spot on pectoral fins and a scaleless chest with small patch of scales by pelvic fins .
jack crevalle is a beast when it comes to hook and line catch . in his
guide to fishes of the gulf of mexico ,
dr . bob shipp describes them best as
packs of wolves foraging for bait fish , marauding menhaden and bringing stark fear to their prey .
i saw several hundred pounds of jack crevalle hit the scales this weekend , and i was promised them all — i even had one angler pay me to take them ! so research and development was easy , finding a
venturesome palate
outside of mine proved to be the biggest challenge .
the horse - eye jack has a body form similar to other large jacks found throughout its range , with a moderately compressed elongate and deep body .
mcbride rs , ka mckown . 2000 . consequences of dispersal of subtropically spawned crevalle jacks , caranx hippos , to temperate estuaries . fish bull 98 : 528 - 538 .
crevalle jack juveniles : a . 15 . 3 mm , b . 20 . 4 mm , c . 32 . 6 mm , d . 80 . 5 mm ( standard lengths ) . images courtesy berry ( 1959 ) in development of fishes of the mid - atlantic bight , u . s . fish and wildlife service
the crevalle jack has a body depth of about three times its fork length . it has large eyes . the chest is scaleless except for a small patch of scales in front of the pelvic fins . this patch is apparent by the time the fish reaches a fork length of 0 . 98 inches ( 2 . 5 cm ) . the crevalle jack is the only jack in the western atlantic ocean with this patch of scales . there is an oval black spot on the pectoral fins ; this appears at about 4 . 72 inches ( 12 . 0 cm ) . between the seventh and the eighth spines of the adult there is an overgrowth of skin . the two most distinguishable features of this fish are the patch of scales between the pelvic fins and the oval , black spot on the pectoral fins .
the spawning season of the crevalle jack is early march to early september . spawning occurs offshore in the southeastern atlantic coast and in the gulf stream , including any associated currents . the crevalle jack has been found to spawn in both tropical and subtropical environments . the eggs of the crevalle jack are between . 03 - . 04 inches ( 0 . 7 - 0 . 9 mm ) in diameter and the newly hatched larvae are between 0 . 06 - 0 . 07 inches ( 1 . 6 - 1 . 8 mm ) in length . the larva use estuaries as nurseries . in juveniles the small patch scales on the chest form at 0 . 98 inches ( 25 mm ) . the pigmentation of the first dorsal fin decreases above 1 . 2 inches ( 30 mm ) , pigment appears on the second dorsal fin at 1 . 2 inches ( 30 mm ) , and the pelvic fin is unpigmented above 0 . 8 inches ( 20 mm ) . the pectoral spot develops at about 4 . 7 inches ( 120 mm ) .
in the western atlantic , crevalle jacks occur from nova scotia south throughout the northern gulf of mexico . in the eastern paciﬁc , they occur from san diego , california , to peru .
the maximum size of a crevalle jack is 39 . 8 inches ( 101 cm ) and 55 . 1 pounds ( 25 kg ) , however they are common to 23 . 6 inches ( 60 cm ) . after the juvenile reaches a size of 1 . 97 inches ( 5 . 0 cm ) , its growth rate increases . females are typically larger than males .
spawning occurs offshore from march through september . young ﬁsh occur in moderate to large fast - moving schools , and crevalle jacks occasionally school with horse - eye jacks , although larger ﬁsh are often solitary .
the rodeo gave me a plethora of these fish species . while lionfish was the only invasive to hit the scales , many fish species that are underutilized got some great attention . gafftopsail catfish and stingray are my favorites . sheephead and puppydrum are beginning to gain exceptional reputation for table fare , but i think the most exciting moment for me was working with and making edible jack crevalle .
the crevalle jack is found in oceanic , estuarine or riverine environments . this is influenced by the life stage of the fish . they primarily are found along the continental shelf , but occur in waters as deep as 327 feet ( 100 m ) . fish found in these deep waters are usually larger individuals . larval and juvenile jack crevalles are found in upstream currents and are common in shallow brackish waters . adults , on the other hand , usually occupy upstream currents , reefs , offshore areas or shallow inshore areas . jack crevalles live in a variety of temperatures and salinities . adults usually inhabit areas with temperatures between 64 - 92 . 5°f ( 18 - 33 . 6ºc ) of water and larvae are found in areas with temperatures between 69 - 84 . 9°f ( 20 . 4 - 29 . 4ºc ) of water . crevalle jacks have been found in fresh water to salt water environments , depending on life stage . larvae have been collected in areas with salinities between 35 . 2 - 36 . 7 parts per thousand ( ppt ) . adults have been found in freshwater habitats as well as those with a salinity of 43 . 8 ppt . they are most commonly found at salinity above 30 ppt . the crevalle jack is a pelagic fish . both adults and juveniles are usually found in schools . however , larger individuals may be found swimming the waters alone .
( linnaeus , 1766 ) ; carangidae family ; also called common jack , toro , cavally , cavalla , horse crevalle occurs in the western atlantic ocean from nova scotia , canada , to uruguay , including the gulf of mexico and occasionally in the west indies . in the eastern atlantic it is found from portugal to angola , including the western mediterranean . the crevalle jack is the common jack of in shore oceanic waters . the species apparently can tolerate a wide range of salinities and occurs around off shore reefs , in coastal waters , harbors and protected bays , over highly saline shallow flats , in brackish waters at river mouths , and has even been known to travel up coastal rivers . there is a rounded black spot at the lower base of the pectoral fin of the crevalle jack that is found in no other jacks in the area . there is also a distinct , vertically elongate black spot on the operculum . enlarged scales or scutes , numbering about 30 , extend in a line to the base of the tail fin . the similar horse - eye jack has no pectoral fin spot and 26 - 35 scutes . a voracious predator , it feeds primarily on smaller fishes , which it often chases onto beaches or against seawalls . in open water , jacks will herd bait fish into a tight mass , then rush in from all sides . the crevalle jack also feeds on shrimp and other invertebrates and on garbage dumped from boats . this superb light tackle species can be taken by spinning , fly fishing , trolling , or surfcasting . lures should be retrieved at a fast pace without pausing or stopping as jacks tend to lose interest in anything that doesn ' t act normally . most jacks are not highly valued as food , though they are edible . the small fish taste best ; larger specimens can be dark and tasteless . bleeding the fish may improve the taste . jacks are among the many species of tropical fishes , which have been implicated in ciguatera poisonings
, black cavalla , blacktailed trevally , caballi , cabalo , common jack , couvalli jack , crevelle jack , green jack , horse crevalle , horse mackerel , horse - eye jack , kingfish , trevally , and yellow cavalli . other names are carngue cravalle ( french ) , jurel comun ( spanish ) , bolchoi caranske ( russian ) , caballa ( spanish ) , camard ( french ) , carango cavallo ( italian ) , carangue crevalle ( french ) , carangue macoque ( french ) , cavalla ( spanish ) , cavalli ( french ) , charo - largo ( portuguese ) , chumbo ( spanish ) , coa ( portuguese ) , cocinero ( spanish ) , corcovado ( creole ) , couvalli ( french ) , cowreh ( krio ) , crevalle toro ( french ) , crevalle ( french ) , enforcado ( creole ) , enxareu ( portuguese ) , enxareu - macoa ( portuguese ) , grande carangue ( french ) , hevospiikkimakrilli ( finnish ) , hiraaji ( japanese ) , jejerukan ( malay ) , jiguagua ( spanish ) , jurel ( spanish ) , jurel caballo ( spanish ) , jurel cola amarilla ( spanish ) , jurel comun ( spanish ) , kanxant ( palicur ) , karang ( french ) , karanks atlantycki ( polish ) , kawre kanki ( susu ) , kokalli ( greek ) , macoa ( portuguese ) , munaguroaji ( japanese ) , paeya ( galibi ) , peixe - prussiano ( portuguese ) , prussiano ( portuguese ) , saaka ( wolof ) , sargentillo ( spanish ) , taggmakrill ( swedish ) , toro ( spanish ) , trnobokar ( serbian ) , uma - aji ( japanese ) , xareu ( portuguese ) , xareu - cavalao ( portuguese ) , xareu - macoa ( portuguese ) , and xareu - olho - de - boi ( portuguese ) .
size , age , and growth the maximum size of a crevalle jack is 39 . 8 inches ( 101 cm ) and 55 . 1 pounds ( 25 kg ) , however they are common to 23 . 6 inches ( 60 cm ) . after the juvenile reaches a size of 1 . 97 inches ( 5 . 0 cm ) , its growth rate increases . females are typically larger than males .
predators predators of the yellow jack include larger fishes , marine mammals , and birds including the brown noddy ( anous stolidus ) and sooty tern ( sterna fuscata ) which may feed on juveniles .
the yellow jack was originally described as caranx bartholomaei by the famous french taxonomist georges cuvier in 1833 . the holotype was collected from st . batholomew island in the west indies from which the species name is derived . this name was later changed to the currently valid carangoides bartholomaei cuvier 1833 . this species is in the family caragidae which includes jacks , pompanos , jack mackerels , and scads .
best angling for these strong fighters is from may to august with almost any bait or lure . once hooked , the common jack is tenacious with hard drives toward the bottom and frequent straightening of hooks .
crevalle jacks are pugnacious - looking fish which live up to those looks . a dark spot on the gill cover and steeply convex forehead separate this species from other jackfish . strong bony scutes on the tail are common to all jacks .
smith - vaniz wf , ke carpenter . 2007 . review of the crevalle jacks , caranx hippos complex ( teleostei : carangidae ) , with a description of a new species from west africa . fish bull 105 : 207 - 233 .
berry fh . 1959 . young jack crevalles ( caranx species ) off the southeastern atlantic coast of the united states . u . s . fish wildl . serv fish . bull . 152 : 417 - 535 .
for protection in open water , vulnerable young crevalle jacks use a behavior called
piloting
in which they stay within inches of a larger fish . if no large fish are around , they will shadow buoys , boats , or swimmers .
english language common names are yellow jack , coolihoo , crevalle , green jack , jackfish , and yellowjack . other common names include carangue gras ( french ) , carangue grasse ( french ) , carangue jaune ( french ) , bok ' abou ( papiamento ) , garajuba ( portuguese ) , xarelete - azul ( portuguese ) , xaréu ( portuguese ) , xerelete - amarelo ( portuguese ) , atún ( spanish ) , cibi amarillo ( spanish ) , coginoa ( spanish ) , cojinoa amarilla ( spanish ) , cojinoa tumana ( spanish ) , cojinua amarilla ( spanish ) , guaymen ( spanish ) , guaymen amarillo ( spanish ) , jurelete ( spanish ) , and veiyu ( wayuu ) .
game qualities : few fish can out - pull a crevalle of equal size . the fight is unspectacular but dogged , the usual pattern being a long first run . jacks use their flat sides to good advantage when waging a tug - o - war .
we removed the top loin of the jack . we removed the skin and every bit of bloodline . for those that don ' t know , the bloodline is a very dark area of most fish species , and is very strong .
the yellow jack has not been evaluated by the world conservation union ( iucn ) . the iucn is a global union of states , governmental agencies , and non - governmental organizations in a partnership that assesses the conservation status of species .
feeding habits determine many aspects of living organisms , where it lives , the time of day that it is active , energy flow , biomass consumed and intra - and interspecific interactions , it which provides information to make predictions about the effects of fisheries on predator - prey relationships . accurate predictions require a thorough understanding of predator diets and prey selection . in this study , specimens of the crevalle jack caranx caninus were obtained between october 2012 and october 2014 in the se gulf of california , mexico , in order to determine its feeding habits and prey selection . a total of 238 specimens were obtained , of which 94 ( 39 . 5 % ) had stomachs containing food and 144 ( 60 . 5 % ) had empty stomachs . a total of 10 prey items were identified , corresponding to seven families that included fishes , crustaceans and cephalopods . according to the index of relative importance ( iri ) the most important prey were anchoa spp . ( iri = 91 . 2 % ) , engraulis mordax ( iri = 1 . 8 % ) , and fish from the clupeidae family ( iri = 1 . 0 % ) . the crevalle jack’s diet did not change with the season ( warm or cold ) . the crevalle jack was considered a tertiary predator ( trophic level = 4 . 3 ) that tends to feed on a reduced number of prey , characterizing it as a specialist and selective predator of engraulid fishes ( levin’s index , bi = 0 . 08 ; e = 0 . 6 ) .
schools of crevalle jacks have been observed to corner and / or corral smaller baitfish . once contained , the jacks will feed on the baitfish with great voraciousness . their surface feeding commotion may be seen from a great distance - often appearing as boiling or churning surface waters .
you are of course saying sure , the last thing the cat dragged in would have tasted good if it was gussied up like that . that jack sure did , even by vollen’s standards , but that was not the half of the experiment .
yellow jack ( caranx bartholomaei ) other names : bar jack , cibi amarillo range : common in southern florida , the bahamas and the caribbean . habitat : inshore flats and channels ; coral reefs . description : more streamlined in appearance than the crevalle , and more colorful . hard scutes forward of tail . color is bluish above , yellowish on sides . small yellow jacks have fins and tails of bright yellow , giving them the appearance of yellowtail snapper when seen from above the surface . size : averages 1 - 6 pounds ; not uncommon at 12 - 15 pounds ; grows to about 20 pounds . world record 19 pounds , 7 ounces . food value : excellent . red meat along the centerline is easily trimmed away , leaving white , flavorful fillets . game qualities : like other jacks , a rugged and persevering fighter . tackle and baits : spinning , baitcasting and light saltwater outfits , will give good sport . small live fish , particularly ballyhoo and pilchards are the best natural baits . biggest bar jack have been caught on topwater plugs over channels and shallow reefs , and on deep jigs in up to about 120 feet of water . on the flats , the bigger bar jack are moody but smaller ones eagerly hit live shrimp . bonefish jigs and other small lures . fishing systems : casting ; drifting ; still fishing ; trolling .
considered a minor commercial species throughout its range , the yellow jack is taken by seines , trawls , and hook and line . recreational fishers also take this species with bait and lures while trolling without specifically targeting the yellow jack . the flesh is considered fair to good for human consumption and is marketed fresh and salted . however it is classified as a high risk species due to its implication in ciguatera poisoning in humans . in fact , it was the first species outside the indo - west pacific to be a confirmed ciguatera carrier .
berry , f . h . 1959a . young jack crevalles ( caranx species ) off the southeastern atlantic coast of the united states . fishery bull . fish wildl . serv . u . s . , ( 152 ) : pp . 417 - 535 , 98 fig .
behavior : crevalle jacks are usually found in fast - moving schools , though adults may be solitary or move in pairs . they hunt in schools by cornering smaller fish at the surface or against a seawall . they can tolerate different levels of salt water . they create splashes that can be seen from great distances .
so there you go—sautéed , chargrilled or fried crunchy , there doesn’t seem to be a way to mess up a jack , save one . back in my brief tenure as a snook guide , i had a repeat customer who was a light - tackle bluefish fanatic from long island .
smith - vaniz , w . f . and k . e . carpenter , 2007 . review of the crevalle jacks , caranx hippos complex ( teleostei : carangidae ) , with a description of a new species from west africa . fish . bull . 105 ( 2 ) : 207 - 233 . ( ref . 58464 )
the yellow jack is found in the western atlantic ocean from massachusetts to bermuda and south through the gulf of mexico and the caribbean including the west indies and on to são paulo , brazil . in the eastern central atlantic , this species has been documented at st . paul ' s rocks .
the crevalle jack has a body depth of about three times its fork length . it has large eyes . the chest is scaleless except for a small patch of scales in front of the pelvic fins . this patch is apparent by the time the fish reaches a fork length of 0 . 98 inches ( 2 . 5 cm ) . the crevalle jack is the only jack in the western atlantic ocean with this patch of scales . there is an oval black spot on the pectoral fins ; this appears at about 4 . 72 inches ( 12 . 0 cm ) . between the seventh and the eighth spines of the adult there is an overgrowth of skin . the two most distinguishable features of this fish are the patch of scales between the pelvic fins and the oval , black spot on the pectoral fins . the crevalle jack is greenish - bluish or bluish - black above and silvery white to yellowish or golden below . this serves to blend in with the water from a predator searching from above , and to blend with the sunlight from a predator hunting from below . there is an oval , black spot on the pectoral fins . juveniles have 5 dark bars on their bodies . these black bars are present until the fish reaches a size of 6 . 46 inches ( 16 . 4 cm ) . there is an area of dark pigment above the peduncle that appears at 1 . 18 in . ( 3 . 0 cm ) and is very dark once the fish reaches a size greater that 3 . 94 inches ( 10 . 0 cm ) in length . the juvenile has pigment spots on the anal spines and membranes , which disappear by the time its size reaches 1 . 38 inches ( 3 . 5 cm ) . the pelvic fin remains unpigmented after 0 . 79 inches ( 20 mm ) and at about 1 . 18 inches ( 3 . 0 cm ) the pigment of the caudal fins develops . the coloration of the juvenile holds between 0 . 79 - 1 . 57 inches ( 2 . 0 - 4 . 0 cm ) and fades between 1 . 57 - 1 . 97 inches ( 4 . 0 - 5 . 0 cm ) .
voracious predators , they feed on shrimp , other invertebrates , and smaller ﬁsh . crevalle jacks will often corner a school of baitﬁsh at the surface and feed in a commotion that can be seen for great distances , or they will chase their prey onto beaches and against seawalls . fish of both species often grunt or croak when they are caught .
start your favorite charcoal fire or gas grill . as the grill gets going , the preparation is easy : simply skewer the chunks of jack on the rosemary sticks . feel free to load them with onions or peppers for the full kabob experience , but for our preparation , we kept it all about the meat .
caranx ignobilis is most commonly referred to as the ‘giant trevally’ ( or ‘giant kingfish’ ) due to its large maximum size , with this often abbreviated to simply ‘gt’ by many anglers . [ 8 ] other names occasionally used include ‘lowly trevally’ , ‘barrier trevally’ , ‘yellowfin jack’ ( not to be confused with hemicaranx leucurus ) , forsskål’s indo - pacific jack fish and goyan fish . [ 4 ] in hawaii , the species is almost exclusively referred to as ‘ulua’ , often in conjunction with the prefixes ‘black’ , ‘white’ , or ‘giant’ . [ 9 ] due to its wide distribution there are many other names for the species in different languages also . [ 4 ]
so , if you are inclined to ignore the following revelations and rely on the advice of others , do yourself the favor of clarifying one simple point . ask anyone who disparages the flavor of crevalle if they ever have eaten it . likely they are just passing on a rumor started by some fish lover long ago , so he could have all the jacks for himself .
reproduction : crevalle jacks are known to spawn in both tropical and subtropical environments . females release eggs and males release sperm directly into the water . the sperm fertilizes any eggs it encounters ; this is known as broadcast spawning . fertilized eggs are planktonic , meaning that they float freely until hatching . young are often found in estuaries and move farther offshore to the open sea as they get older .
coloration the crevalle jack is greenish - bluish or bluish - black above and silvery white to yellowish or golden below . this serves to blend in with the water from a predator searching from above , and to blend with the sunlight from a predator hunting from below . there is an oval , black spot on the pectoral fins . juveniles have 5 dark bars on their bodies . these black bars are present until the fish reaches a size of 6 . 46 inches ( 16 . 4 cm ) . there is an area of dark pigment above the peduncle that appears at 1 . 18 in . ( 3 . 0 cm ) and is very dark once the fish reaches a size greater that 3 . 94 inches ( 10 . 0 cm ) in length .
so it was that i showed up at vollen’s back door with a half - dozen fillets of crevalle on ice . the sultry august day before , the 2 - to 3 - pound fish had been buzzing about in punta gorda isles canals . they were bled when caught , filleted and skinned within a couple of hours of being iced , but otherwise had not been given special treatment of any kind .
blue runner ( caranx crysos ) other names : hardtail jack , runner , blue jack range : all florida , the bahamas and the caribbean . habitat : not choosy ; inshore to deep sea . description : similar in shape to the crevalle , but with a more gently rounded head . color ranges from steel blue to light green with white underparts . hard scutes forward of tail . size : schooling blue runners are about the same size , averaging under a pound and often under a half - pound . fish weighing 1 - 2 pounds aren ' t unusual , and individuals up to 4 pounds or so are sometimes taken offshore . world record 11 pounds , 2 ounces ; florida record 7 pounds . food value : pretty good , but seldom eaten . game qualities : blue runners fight so well for their size that guides often have trouble tearing their customers away , after stopping to catch some runners on spinning tackle for use as offshore bait . tackle and baits : light spinning and fly tackle with live shrimp , cut pieces of fish or small artificial jigs and flies . fishing systems : casting ; drifting ; still fishing ; trolling .
rainbow runner ( elagatis bipinnulata ) other names : spanish jack , rainbow jack range : not a staple species off florida , but often encountered by offshore anglers of both coasts , particularly dolphin fishermen . more common in bahama waters , particularly around the cay sal bank ; also widespread through the caribbean . habitat : deep ocean waters . description : un - jack streamlined shape with slender , pointed head . no hard scutes forward of tail . brilliantly colored , with blue and yellow full - length stripes on a blue background . size : varies from a couple of pounds to 15 or 20 pounds , with individuals of roughly the same size forming large schools . world record 37 pounds , 9 ounces ; florida record 17 pounds . food value : excellent . game qualities : a spirited fighter on light tackle . makes faster runs than other jacks , and sometimes jumps , too . tackle and baits : spinning , baitcasting and light ocean rigs . small live fish and small rigged baits , such as ballyhoo and strips . difficult to take by casting , but can be coaxed . fishing systems : casting ; trolling .
there have been some reports of ciguatera poisoning associated with this jack . ciguatera poisoning occurs when humans eat a fish that has eaten a toxin that is produced by the dinoflagellate , gambierdiscus toxicus , and it is digested by the fish . this poisoning , although it is usually self - limiting , can affect humans in many ways . it has gastrointestinal , neurological , and cardiovascular symptoms .
for my test of crevalle i enlisted the help of fort myers chef vollen loucks . vollen loucks is not an army - trained 94 - b - 20 - type cook , as i was , but a guy whose pinot noir sauce could transform tongue of combat boot into haute cuisine . besides which , vollen will be the first to tell you he is not a real seafood lover , although that did not stop salmon from being his restaurant’s biggest seller .
manter & prince ( 1953 ) described l . fijiensis from two specimens from “yellow jack” [ 15 ] ; the identification of the host fish is vague , as often with manter ' s work ( other cases : [ 46 ] , [ 47 ] ) , and almost useless ( many carangids are partly yellow ) . only one monogenean specimen , the holotype of l . fijiensis , is kept in the usnpc collections ( figure 1 ) .
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residing on offshore reefs and in the sandy shallows of caribbean islands as well as in open waters over the continental shelf , this jack is rare observed in shallow waters near the american continent . it lives at depths ranging from 0 - 164 feet ( 0 - 50 m ) . juveniles of this species are often found nearshore in seagrass beds or associated with jellyfish or floating sargassum weed . typically it is a solitary species but may at times been seen in small groups .
habitat : the crevalle may show up at any time in virtually all florida waters , from the deep reefs to well up coastal rivers . usually runs in schools—and the smaller the individual fish , the larger the school . the biggest jacks often cruise in pairs and are usually found in or near major inlets and around offshore wrecks and reefs of both coasts , but may come into deep bays and canals where they chase mullet and often herd the prey against seawalls . the palm beaches and key west are particularly well - known areas for trophy crevalles .
oh sure , you say , you’ve long heard of eating amberjack . but we’re not talking ajs , or any of their first cousins , or any fancy jacks like rainbow runners or bar or even yellow jacks . we’re talking plain old everyday crevalle jacks , and we recommend you don’t skip to the next story unless you already know how good jacks are to eat . after all , were a quarter - million bahamians wrong about conch fritters ? throughout the bahamas and the caribbean , jacks of all kinds are esteemed for their rich flavor and firm flesh .
with the crunchy jacks he provided two dressings—a homemade rémoulade and a mango mayonnaise—either of which was to die for if your arteries were not up to the task . fortunately , i was too stuffed to do more than taste the combinations , both of which were splendid , as by that time we expected . what was unexpected was how unbelievably good the remaining seven pieces of fried jack were after i doggy - bagged them and ate them cold , one by one , straight out of my refrigerator over the following two days .
various fish specimens were identified ( from photographs ) by ronald fricke , jack randall , michel kulbicki , samuel iglésias and bernard séret . eric bureau , student in training , collected some specimens . david gibson ( bmnh ) helped with linguistic discussions , and in the acquisition of rare literature and comments about species in worms . patricia pilitt ( usnpc ) provided photomicrographs of the holotype of l . fijiensis , and takashi iwaki ( mpm ) kindly took photographs of additional museum specimens . patricia pilitt ( usnpc ) and eileen harris ( bmnh ) are thanked for arranging specimen loans .
a large fish , the yellow jack grows to a maximum reported length of just under 40 inches ( 100 cm ) total length ( tl ) although this species typically reaches 20 inches ( 50 . 0 cm ) tl . the maximum reported weight is 14 . 0 kg . yellow jacks reach sexual maturity at 12 inches ( 30 cm ) in length for males and 13 inches ( 32 cm ) in length for females in the waters off cuba . in contrast , off the coast of jamaica , males reach sexual maturity at 9 inches ( 23 cm ) in length .
the next fillet was simply tossed on a 90 , 000 - b . t . u . grill that etched dark brown crisscrosses into each side , while leaving clear juice in the center . there was no stopping vollen and his sauces , one of which was purée of prickly pears he had plucked from a cactus patch outside his back door . the artfully drizzled sauce was as vibrant to taste as it was brilliant to behold , but it served as it should have—a mere complement to the delicious flavor of the grilled jack , which we agreed was even better than that sautéed .
the horse - eye jack is commonly found in the subtropical atlantic ocean from bermuda and the northern gulf of mexico and south to rio de janeiro . in the eastern atlantic , it is found from st . paul ' s rocks to ascension island and , rarely , the in the gulf of guinea . it is a pelagic fish . it can be found on reefs and offshore oil rigs . the juvenile can be found closer to shore along sandy and muddy bottoms . the species may venture into brackish waters and can live in river mouths , but it is typically found in saltwater up to 140 m in depth .
our species is the first referred to lethacotyle with a precise host identification . we have examined a number of other carangids from several genera off new caledonia [ 47 ] , [ 49 ] – [ 53 ] and found l . vera n . sp . only on c . papuensis , suggesting that species of lethacotyle are specific to caranx species . it is likely that the “yellow jack” of manter & prince ( 1953 ) [ 15 ] and the carangid of ramalingam [ 17 ] , [ 18 ] , both identified with suboptimal precision , were species of caranx , but , as explained above , not necessarily conspecific .
scientific synonyms and common names caranx hippos linnaeus , 1766 synonyms : scomber hippos linnaeus , 1766 , syst . nat . , ed . xii : 494 ( ' habitat in carolina ' ) . scomber carangus bloch , 1787 , naturg . ausl . fische , 7 : 69 , pl . 340 ( west indies ) . caranx erythrurus lacepède , 1798 - 1803 , 1801 , hist . nat . poiss . , 3 : 58 & 68 ( ' caroline et tahiti ' ) . caranx carangus : cuvier , in cuv . val . , 1828 - 1849 , 1833 , 9 : 91 ( ' brésil , cayenne , martinique , gorée ' ) barnard , 1926 - 1927 , 1927 : 545 . caranx crysos ( nec mitchill ) : baird , 1855 : 336 gill , 1863 : 434 . carangus hippos : gill , 1863g : 433 . caranx caninus günther , 1869 , trans . zool . soc . lond . , 6 ( 7 ) : 432 . caranx hippos hippos : nichols , 1920b : 45 ( atlantic coast of united states ) . caranx hippos tropicus : nichols , 1920b : 45 ( brazil , congo ) . caranx hippos caninus : nichols , 1937a : 58 ( gulf of california , galapagos ) . caranx hippos : nichols , 1939 : 6 lozano rey , 1952 : 615 , fig . 27 tortonese , 1952b : 302 , fig . 11 - 13 poll , 1954 : 131 , fig . 37 , pl . 4 ( fig . 11 & 3 ) albuquerque , 1954 - 1956 : 673 tortonese , 1955a : 185 berry , 1959a : 503 , fig . 81 - 85 tortonese , 1961a : 357 bini , 1967 - 1972 , 1968 , 5 : 57 , col . fig . rodriguez , 1972 : passim . common names : alla [ es ] caballa [ es ] crevalle jack [ en ] grande carangue [ fr ] jurel commun [ es ] kingfish [ en ] yellow jack [ en ]
pilotfish ( naucrates ductor ) range : all florida , the bahamas and caribbean . habitat : offshore waters . name comes from accompanying sharks and other large animals seemingly as pilots . description : slender shape with tapering head . body marked by wide , dark bands . fins also banded . size : usually a foot or so ; grows to 2 feet . food value : good , if fish is large enough . game qualities : good on light tackle ; gives the fight of a typical small jack . tackle and baits : readily takes small jigs and streamer flies . only very light outfits provide much sport . fishing systems : offshore drifting .
the yellow jack has a moderately deep , compressed elongate body which is typical of the genus carangoides . the head is slightly curved from the snout to the nape ; the eyes have well - developed adipose eyelids . the upper jaw does not reach the anterior margin of the eye . the dorsal fin is divided into two parts with the first containing 7 spines and the second with 1 spine followed by 25 - 28 soft rays . the anal fin is similar to the second dorsal fin in that the lobes are slightly pronounced ; the pectoral fin is falcate and longer than the head . the caudal fin is forked and the caudal peduncle has bilateral paired keels present .
seriola rivoliana is mostly pelagic and epibenthic in oceanic waters ; it is rarely found inshore . it feeds primarily on fishes . in the azores , this species feeds on fishes including chub mackerel scomber japonicus , blue jack mackerel , european pilchard sardina pilchardus , snipefish macroramphosus scolopax , and the bogue boops boops ( barreiros et al . 2003 ) . this species typically reaches a maximum size to 80 cm ( fl ) , it is common from about 55 cm ( fl ) ( smith - vaniz 2002 ) . there is an international game fish association ( igfa ) record of 119 cm ( tl ) from golfito , costa rica ( igfa 2013 ) . this species has been reported to form spawning aggregations in gladden spit , belize ( heyman 2001 ) .
florida pompano ( trachinotus carolinus ) other names : pompano , carolina pompano range : all florida coasts . habitat : florida anglers on both coasts catch most of their pompano from the surf , or from ocean piers ; however , many are caught outside the beaches and also from bays , mostly in or near channels that run through flats . description : silvery overall with yellow on underside . dorsal fin dark ; other fins yellow . head gently rounded . no scutes forward of tail . pompano are often confused with small permit of similar size , but permit usually show a black blotch under the pectoral fin , and their bodies are deeper . size : averages 1 pound ; fairly common at 2 pounds and can grow to 8 pounds . world and florida records 8 pounds , 1 ounce . food value : reputed to be the best . game qualities : tops . will outrace and outpull a jack crevalle of equivalent size . tackle and baits : if fishing the surf or piers , use the lightest surf spinning tackle that will get your bait where you want it . in other situations , spinning or light baitcasting tackle with 6 - 8 pound - test line gives maximum sport . by far the best natural bait is a live sand flea ( sand crab ) , but pompano also will bite live shrimp or fiddler crabs and with varying dependability dead sand fleas , dead shrimp , clams and cut squid . pompano are ready strikers of artificial jigs , the florida favorite being quarter - ounce or half - ounce models with short nylon skirts . fly fishermen catch pompano with bonefish - type flies that sink well those with epoxy heads or lead eyes . fishing systems : casting ; drifting ; still fishing .