the red stingray ( dasyatis akajei ) is a species of stingray in the family dasyatidae , found in the northwestern pacific ocean off japan , korea , and china , and possibly elsewhere .

it primarily inhabits shallow , sandy habitats close to shore , and has been known to enter brackish water .

the red stingray has a diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc and gains its common name from its bright orange-red underside ; there may also be patches of orange at various spots on its upper surface .

most individuals are no more than 1 m ( 3.3 ft ) long .

feeding mainly on crustaceans and bony fishes , the red stingray plays a key ecological role as an apex predator in its environment .

reproduction is aplacental viviparous , with females giving birth to 1 or up to 10 pups at a time .

the red stingray is valued as food in japan ; large numbers are caught as bycatch and brought to market , which has seemingly led to a population decline in this unprolific species .

as a result , the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) has assessed it as near threatened .

red stingray

phylogeography and population structure of the red stingray , dasyatis akajei inferred by mitochondrial control region .
the red stingray is a species of ray with the scientific name dasyatis akajei found in both games .
phylogeography and population structure of the red stingray , dasyatis akajei inferred by mitochondrial control region . - pubmed - ncbi
classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
classified as data deicient ( dd ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
ssg asia northwest pacific red list workshop , valenti , s . v . 2016 .
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take a trip to stingray city aboard one of red sail sports 65 ' luxury sailing catamarans . get in the water with the rays at stingray city sandbar and snorkel on of cayman ' s vibrant reefs .
velvet slipper . genuine stingray trim in red with signature diamond heel and bracelet with mark chris monogram accessory . leather sole and lining . handmade in italy .
) are marked with a star . amino acid positions that are identical are marked in red .
) is marked with a star . amino acid positions that are identical are marked in red .
valenti , s . v . ; ssg asia northwest pacific red list workshop ( 2007 ) .
red sail sports is the only premier operation delivering full - service dive and watersports services island - wide .
bennett ' s stingray , dasyatis bennetti ( müller & henle , 1841 ) .
pale - edged stingray , dasyatis zugei ( müller & henle , 1841 ) .
there is little information on the natural history of the bennett ' s stingray .
no information exists on population abundance and trends for the round stingray in central america .
short - tail stingray or bull ray , dasyatis brevicaudata ( hutton , 1875 ) .
round stingray , taeniura grabata ( é . geoffroy saint - hilaire , 1817 ) .
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
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there are no specific conservation measures known to be in place for the red stingray . recommended conservation actions for this commercially important but relatively little - known stingray include the collection of data to accurately assess its population levels , and the development and implementation of management plans for all rays and sharks in the region ( 1 ) .
information on the common stingray is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
the red stingray is believed to be endemic to the northwest pacific ocean , occurring around japan , taiwan and china ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 6 ) . its possible presence in the western central pacific is uncertain ( 1 ) .
most stingrays live on or near the ocean bottom in inshore waters ( 2 ) . the red stingray is reported to occur in shallow coastal waters and bays , and over the continental shelf ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 6 ) .
stingray city means big business in the cayman islands , where each stingray generates as much as $ 500 , 000 annually in tourism income , harvey said . the team plans to continue to monitor stingray city ' s population to track its health—and the industry ' s impact—over time .
like other stingrays , the red stingray is likely to be ovoviviparous , a method of reproduction in which the eggs develop and hatch inside the female and are born live ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) . in most stingrays , litter size ranges from two to six young , born after a long gestation period of up to twelve months ( 2 ) . however , the red stingray may have smaller litter sizes than most , reportedly giving birth to just one pup per litter ( 1 ) .
iucn ( 2013 ) iucn red list of threatened species . version 2013 . 2 . http : / / www . iucnredlist . org . accessed 4 april 2014
the amino acid sequences of human ( h ) mc2r and stingray ( s ) mc2r were aligned .
stingray city in grand cayman allows swimmers , snorkelers , and divers to swim with and feed the stingrays .
) , elephant shark ( e ) mc2r ( faa704 . 1 ) , stingray ( s ) mc4r (
you may have heard that the ability to chew food separates mammals from other animals . but new footage reveals that stingrays—at least the ocellate river stingray—chew their food too . watch how one stingray chomps down on dragonfly larvae .
meyer , p . 1997 . stingray injuries . wilderness environ med 8 ( 1 ) : 24 - 8 .
a biologist from the university of toronto scarborough ( utsc ) has discovered a new kind of tropical freshwater stingray .
the range of the bennett ' s stingray is somewhat uncertain due to confusion with other species . it is a
a stingray buried in the sand in saba . stingrays can be hard to see when they cover themselves with substrate .
tourists interact with southern stingrays at stingray city / sandbar at the study site in the cayman islands . credit : guy harvey
m range . in this example , mc5r rather mc2r may be the “acth” receptor in the hpi axis of the stingray .
) were aligned , and amino acid positions in which four of the five sequences were identical are marked in red . the position of critical amino acids in the hfrw - binding site of mc4r orthologs (
the amino acid sequences of human ( h ) mc5r ( np _ 005904 . 1 ) and stingray ( s ) mc5r (
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a stingray in dark waters . stingrays are dangerous for humans because it is hard to see them when they ' re in dark waters .
the stingray ' s spine , or barb , can be ominously fashioned with serrated edges and a sharp point . the underside may produce venom , which can be fatal to humans , and which can remain deadly even after the stingray ' s death . in greek mythology , odysseus , the great king of ithaca , was killed when his son , telegonus , struck him using a spear tipped with the spine of a stingray .
) is a small , common inshore stingray found along the coastal waters of the eastern pacific . it is distributed from northern california to panama .
a , a comparison of stingray mc2r and human mc2r , vertebrates that last shared a common ancestor over 420 million years ago , the amino acid sequence identity is 37 % ( positions in red ) . given the apparent role of the hypothalamus / pituitary / adrenal ( hpa ) axis and the hypothalamus / pituitary / interrenal ( hpi ) axis in maintaining the fitness of vertebrates (
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while not independently valuable as a food source , the stingray ' s capacity to damage shell fishing grounds can lead to bounties being placed on their removal .
, the human , zebrafish , elephant shark , and stingray mc2r amino acid sequences could be aligned to the stingray mc4r sequence by inserting a minimum of two gaps . the positions of critical residues in tm2 , tm3 , tm6 , and tm7 that correspond to the hfrw - binding site for a mc4r ortholog (
information on population abundance for the round stingray is only known for southern california , where they are highly abundant . because this species is large and mobile ( lowe
martin , r . a . 2008 . biology of sharks and rays : stingray city limits . reefquest centre for shark research . retrieved june 2 , 2008 .
passarelli , n . , and a . piercy . 2008 . atlantic stingray . florida museum of natural history , ichthyology department . retrieved june 2 , 2008 .
some adult rays may be no larger than a human palm , while other species , like the short - tail stingray , may have a body of six feet in diameter , and an overall length , including their tail , of fourteen feet . stingrays can vary from gray to bright red in color and be plain or patterned . dasyatids are propelled by motion of their large pectoral fin ( commonly mistaken as
wings
) .
the researchers found that stingray city ' s stingrays show distinctly different patterns of activity than their wild counterparts , who don ' t enjoy daily feedings or close human contact .
researchers from nova southeastern university ' s guy harvey research institute in hollywood , fla . , and the university of rhode island studied the southern stingray population of stingray city—a sandbar in the cayman islands that draws nearly a million visitors each year to feed , pet and swim with its stingrays—to assess how the intensive ecotourism has affected the animals ' behavior .
most demersal fishes maintain strong relations with bottom substrates and bottom depths and / or topography during their lives . it is important to know these relations to for understand their lives . in tokyo bay , red stingray , dasyatis akajei , classified as near - threatened species by iucn , has increased since the 1980s . it is a top predator and engages in ecosystem engineer by mixing the sand bed surface through burring behavior , and greatly influences a coastal ecosystem . it is reported that this species invades in plage and tidal flats and has sometimes injured beachgoers and people gathering clams in tokyo bay . thus , it is necessary to know its behavior and habitat use to avoid accidents and to better conserve the biodiversity of ecosystems . however , previous studies have not examined its relationship with the bottom environment . this study aims to describe its behavior in relation to the bottom environment . we sounded three dimensional bottom topography of their habitat off kaneda cove in tokyo bay with interferometric sidescan sonar system and traced the movement of red stingrays by attaching a data logger system to survey their migration . the results revealed that red stingray repeated vertical movement between the surface and bottom , and used not only sand beds but also rocky beds .
while the stingray ' s eyes peer out from its dorsal side , its mouth , nostrils , and gill slits are situated on its underbelly . its eyes are therefore not thought by scientists to play a considerable role in hunting . like its shark relatives , the stingray is outfitted with electrical sensors called ampullae of lorenzini . located around the stingray ' s mouth , these organs sense the natural electrical charges of potential prey . many rays have jaw teeth to enable them to crush mollusks such as clams , oysters , and mussels .
the red stingray is valued for its meat , and is caught commercially in the coastal waters of japan . it is also commonly taken as bycatch in other fisheries , and this , combined with the strong commercial fishing pressure , appears to be leading to population declines ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 6 ) . the low reproductive rate of this species makes it particularly vulnerable to overfishing ( 1 ) , with populations potentially taking a long time to recover from any losses .
justification : the reticulated freshwater stingray ( potamotrygon falkneri ) is a little known freshwater stingray from the paraná river basin . there is essentially no information available on this species ' ecology or biology . as other potamotrygonids , it faces numerous identified threats including habitat degradation and fishing activities . further evaluation when more information available will be required to assess this species beyond data deficient .
justification : this demersal ray is reported from a wide range in the mediterranean sea , eastern atlantic and red sea in the western indian ocean . very little is known of its biology . the round fantail stingray ( taeniura grabata ) is vulnerable to capture in demersal trawl and trammel net fisheries , although no specific information is currently available on its capture . at present insufficient information is available to assess the species beyond data deficient and this assessment should be revisited as soon as information becomes available .
the red stingray is a top predator in its ocean bottom habitat , feeding mainly on crustaceans and small fish , and also taking various worms and molluscs ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 6 ) . however , very little is known about the life history of this species . male red stingrays are thought to reach sexual maturity at a disc width of around 35 centimetres , and females between 50 and 55 centimetres ( 6 ) . interestingly , at maturity the male and female develop markedly different teeth , with those of the female being virtually flat , and those of the male developing pointed cusps . no large differences in diet have been detected , and it is thought that the differences in the teeth are related to mating behaviour , with the male using the teeth to grip onto the female’s pectoral fins during copulation ( 6 ) .
. the amino acid sequences of human ( h ) mc2r ( np _ 001278840 . 1 ) , zebrafish ( z ) mc2r ( xp _ 00518229 . 1 ) stingray ( s ) mc2r (
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↑ t . r . roberts , makararaja chindwinensis , a new genus and species of freshwater dasyatidid stingray from upper myanmar , the natural history bulletin of the siam society 54 ( 2006 ) : 285–293 .
the reticulate whipray is widespread in the indo - west pacific , from south africa to northern australia , including the red sea , the persian / arabian gulf , india , and southeast asia ( north to at least the philippines ) ( white et al . 2006 ; w . white and b . m . manjaji - matsumoto , pers . obs . 2007 ; last and stevens 2009 ) . the species is thought to be a lessepsian immigrant , having entered the mediterranean sea from the red sea through the suez canal ( serena 2005 ) . in northern australia , it occurs widely from shark bay in western australia to brisbane in queensland ( last and stevens 2009 ) .
taniuchi , t . and shimizu , m . ( 1993 ) dental sexual dimorphism and food habits in the stingray dasyatis akajei from tokyo bay , japan . nippon suisan gakkaishi , 59 : 53 - 60 .
flint , d . , and w . sugrue . 1999 . stingray injuries : a lesson in debridement . new zealand med j 112 ( 1086 ) : 137 - 8 . retrieved june 2 , 2008 .
the biology and habitat of bennett ' s stingray ( hemitrygon bennetti ) are poorly known . the species reaches a maximum size of at least 130 cm tl and about 50 cm dw ( compagno 1998 ) .
its your vacation , take your adventures on your schedule ! take advantage of a private snorkel boat charter and experience some of grand cayman ' s top snorkel spots including stingray city , starfish point and more .
although edible , stingrays are not a dietary staple and are not considered a high - quality food . however , they are consumed , including fresh , dried , and salted ( mceachran 2004 ) . stingray recipes abound throughout the world , with dried forms of the wings being most common . for example , in singapore and malaysia , stingray is commonly barbecued over charcoal , then served with spicy sambal sauce . generally , the most prized parts of the stingray are the wings , the
cheek
( the area surrounding the eyes ) , and the liver . the rest of the ray is considered too rubbery to have any culinary uses .
honma , y . and sugihara , c . ( 1971 ) a stingray , dasyatis akajei , with aberrant pectoral fins from the japan sea . japanese journal of ichthyology , 18 ( 4 ) : 187 - 189 .
amino acid alignment of gar mc2r , mc4r , and mc5r . the amino acid sequences of gar mc2r ( ensloct00000011667 ) , gar mc4r ( ensloct00000022303 ) , and gar mc5r ( enslocg00000018340 ) were aligned and positions that were identical are marked in red . ( a ) alignment of gar mc2r and gar mc5r ; ( b ) alignment of gar mc4r and gar mc5r .
the stingray ' s coloration commonly reflects the seafloor ' s shading , camouflaging it from predatory sharks and larger rays . their flattened bodies are composed of pectoral fins joined to their head and trunk with an infamous tail trailing behind .
justification : the maracaibo river stingray ( potamotrygon yepezi ) is a little known freshwater stingray , endemic to the river catacumbo and its tributaries in colombia , and the maracaibo drainage in venezuela . there is essentially no information available on this species ' ecology or biology . as with other potamotrygonids it faces numerous identified threats including habitat degradation and fishing activities , particularly for the ornamental fish trade . further evaluation when more information is available will be required to assess this species beyond
the successive genome duplications during the radiation of the chordates theoretically should yield four paralogous genes in the genomes of extant cartilaginous fishes , non - teleost ray finned fishes , and tetrapods . however , in the genomes of the japanese stingray (
in the magdalena basin , the young are captured for ornamental purposes and due to the collapse of fisheries of other species , adults of the magdalena stingray are captured for subsistence ( lasso et al . 2011 , mójica et al . 2012 ) .
a visit to stingray city is a must while visiting grand cayman . the sandbar is home to many friendly stingrays and is just a short boat ride from rum point . looking for evening activities ? try a sunset sail from rum point too .
reproductive cycle , making it a relatively productive batoid . this stingray is not targeted but is taken incidentally by commercial , recreational and artisanal fisheries . it is generally discarded , as its small size and large tail spine make it an undesirable target species , however
. 2012 ) . exploitation rates for the round stingray exceeded biological reference points ( jensen ' s and pauly ' s exploitation rates were calculated to 0 . 77 and 0 . 84 , respectively ) , suggesting that this species may be overexploited ( morales - azpeitia
the round stingray is a benthic warm - temperate to tropical round stingray usually found in nearshore waters < 15 m deep , but may occur down to 91 m depth ( mceachran and notarbartolo di sciara 1995 , ebert 2003 ) . these stingrays prefer soft bottoms composed of mud or sand , often in areas where eelgrass ( used for camouflage ) is quite abundant . water temperature plays an important role in the distribution of these stingrays since they prefer temperatures above a minimum of 10°c ( ebert 2003 , jirik and lowe 2012 ) .
the mangrove whipray is likely widespread in the indo - west pacific , around the red sea , maldives , new guinea , micronesia , gulf of thailand , the philippines , eastern indonesia , and off the andaman , santa cruz , and solomon islands ( last and stevens 2009 ) . in australia , it is reported inshore from western australia ( ningaloo reef ) to queensland ( whitsunday passage ) ( last and stevens 2009 ) . there have been records from southern queensland , but these are likely erroneous ( last and stevens 2009 ) . records from the western indian ocean are documented by moore ( 2012 ) and include a specimen from a fish market in bir ali , gulf of aden , yemen in july 2009 , as well as a further specimen captured on video being landed in the gulf of aqaba ( red sea ) near aqaba , jordan in april 2010 .
( physorg . com ) - - which island of south - east asia has the most stingray species in the world ? according to the new book ' sharks and rays of borneo ' , the island of borneo has 30 different stingrays : not surprising for the most . . .
like other stingrays , the red stingray has a flattened body and a long , whip - like tail bearing a strong , saw - edged stinging spine on the upper surface , used as a defensive weapon ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . generally orange - brown above and white to pale pink below , with yellowish margins ( 2 ) ( 4 ) , the body and large pectoral fins form a flattened , diamond - shaped disc , with a moderate snout at the front and a pair of single - lobed pelvic fins at the back . like other stingrays , this species lacks dorsal and caudal fins ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) . the gills and mouth are located on the underside of the body , with the eyes situated on top , just in front of openings known as spiracles , through which the stingray can take in water whilst lying on the seabed . water enters the spiracles and is passed out over the gill openings , bypassing the mouth ( 2 ) ( 5 ) .
the distribution of this indo - west pacific stingray is not well known , but probably ranges from southern japan to india , possibly including the philippines ( compagno 1998 , compagno et al . 2005 ) . one record from trinidad possibly refers to another species ( compagno et al . 2005 ) .
) observed that replacing the n - terminal domain of human mc4r with the n - terminal domain of human mc2r inhibited trafficking of the chimeric mc4r protein to the plasma membrane . however , since the n - terminal of stingray mc4r is nearly the same length as the human mc2r domain ( figure
) . in addition , only the partial c - terminal sequences for the mrap2 orthologs are presented . predicted n - linked glycosylation sites are underlined . note that there are two potential n - linked glycosylation sites in the putative elephant shark mrap1 amino acid sequence . the amino acids in the activation motif for mouse mrap1 are highlighted in red . conserved amino acid positions in the proposed activation motifs of the chicken , zebrafish , elephant shark mrap1 orthologs are also highlighted in red . the amino acids in the reverse topology motif of mouse mrap1 were highlighted in green . conserved amino acid positions in the reverse topology motif of chicken , zebrafish , elephant shark , mouse , and lamprey mrap1 and mrap2 sequences , respectively , were also highlighted in green . finally , the amino acids in the transmembrane domain of mouse mrap1 are highlighted in blue , and the conserved amino acid positions in the chicken , zebrafish , elephant shark , mouse and lamprey mrap1 and mrap2 sequences , respectively , were also highlighted in blue .
stingrays living in one of the world ' s most famous and heavily visited ecotourism sites—stingray city / sandbar in the cayman islands—have profoundly changed their ways , raising questions about the impact of so - called
interactive ecotourism
on marine wildlife , reports a new study published march 18 in the journal plos one .
from a pharmacological perspective , the presence of the putative elephant shark mrap1 ortholog is perplexing . an earlier study had shown that the elephant shark mc2r ortholog could be functionally expressed in cho cells in the absence of co - transfection of an exogenous mrap1 cdna ( 38 ) . elephant shark mc2r could be stimulated in a dose - dependent manner by either human acth ( 1–24 ) or by dogfish ( squalus acanthias ) acth ( 1–25 ) . more recently , a mc2r cdna cloned from the genome of the stingray , dasyatis akajei , was also functionally expressed in cho cells in the absence of co - transfection of an exogenous mrap1 cdna ( 39 ) . the stingray mc2r ortholog also could be stimulated by stingray acth ( 1–24 ) and stingray des - acetyl - α - msh . hence , there are several issues with respective to the putative elephant shark mrap1 that need to be resolved . it will be important to determine whether the elephant shark mrap1 mrna is expressed in the same cells as elephant shark mcr mrnas . in addition , pharmacological studies are needed to determine whether co - expression of cartilaginous fish mcr orthologs with the putative elephant shark mrap1 ortholog have any effect on either trafficking of the mcr orthologs to the plasma membrane or sensitivity to melanocortin ligands .
in the cayman islands , there are several dive sites called stingray city , grand cayman , where divers and snorkelers can swim with large southern stingrays ( dasyatis americana ) and feed them by hand . there is also a
stingray city
in the sea surrounding the caribbean island of antigua . it consists of a large , shallow reserve where the rays live , and snorkeling is possible . in belize , off the island of ambergris caye there is a popular marine sanctuary called hol chan . here divers and snorkelers often gather to watch stingrays and nurse sharks that are drawn to the area by tour operators who feed the animals .
↑ p . r . last , b . m . manjaji , and g . k . yearsley , pastinachus solocirostris sp . nov . , a new species of stingray ( elasmobranchii : myliobatiformes ) from the indo - malay archipelago , zootaxa 1040 ( 2005 ) : 1 - 16 . retrieved june 2 , 2008 .
justification : the giant freshwater stingray ( potamotrygon brachyura ) is the largest species of the potamotrygon genus ; this freshwater stingray is probably endemic to the paraná - paraguay river drainages in southern south america . a moderately common but poorly known species . its fecundity is relatively high compared with other potamotrygonids ( up to 19 pups ) but , in general , limited life history and population data are available . it is harpooned for food and also captured for the ornamental fish trade , especially juveniles . given its limited distribution in areas subject to habitat degradation through various human activities further studies , monitoring and a revised assessment in the near future are highly recommended .
round stingray ranges from humboldt bay in northern california to panama in central america , but appears to be most common between southern california and baja california ( babel 1967 , nordell 1994 , lowe et al . 2007 ) . individuals identified as this species from central america should be examined carefully as the genus is poorly known in this region .
grand cayman is the world ' s best - known dive destination . some say it ' s because of the warm , crystal - clear water year - round . others love the stretches of magnificent , unspoiled coral reefs , the schools of colorful fish , the friendly stingrays , the spectacular shipwrecks , the vertical walls teeming with sealife , even the dramatic underwater drop - offs . and most cayman visitors agree that there ' s simply no better way to discover the island ' s many underwater beauties than with red sail sports , the watersports experts .
eastern central and southeast atlantic , mediterranean sea and western indian ocean : mediterranean sea ( serena 2005 ) , eastern atlantic southward from cape verde island to senegal and angola ( whitehead et al . 1984 ) and the indian ocean ( the red sea ) . the species is mostly known from the southern shores of the mediterranean , with a single record from the northern mediterranean ( tuscany : serena et al . 1999 ) , and one from turkey ( basusta et al . 1998 ) . fao fisheries areas : 27 , 34 , 47 , 51 .
stingray is the common name for any of the various cartilaginous fish comprising the family dasyatidae , characterized by enlarged and flat pectoral fins continuous with the side of the head , no caudal fin , eyes on the dorsal surface , and narrow , long , and whip - like tail , typically with one or more venomous spines . marine , brackish water , and freshwater species are known .
bennett ' s stingray is presumably taken in demersal trawl and net fisheries operating within its range , but no specific information is available on catches of this species . ray fisheries are important in many areas of the western central pacific , with substantial landings off thailand and singapore ( compagno 1998 ) . stingrays are also taken in various intensive demersal fisheries operating off india ( hanfee 1999 ) .
stingrays are popular targets of ecotourism . dasyatids are not normally visible to swimmers , but divers and snorkelers may find them in shallow sandy waters . usually very docile , their usual reaction being to flee any disturbance . nevertheless , certain larger species may be more aggressive and should only be approached with caution by humans , as the stingray ' s defensive reflex may result in serious injury or even death .
dasyatids generally do not attack aggressively or even actively defend themselves . when threatened , their primary reaction is to swim away . however , when attacked by predators or stepped on , the barbed stinger in their tail is whipped up . this attack is normally ineffective against their main predator , sharks . the breaking of the stinger in defense is non - fatal to the stingray , as it will be regrown .
) observed that exchanging the tm2 / ec1 / tm3 region of human mc2r with the corresponding region of human mc4r resulted in a chimeric mc2r protein that could be activated by either acth or ndp - msh . presumably making a similar chimeric protein for human mc2r , but using the tm2 / ec1 / tm3 region of either elephant shark or stingray mc2r should yield the same outcome . finally , fridmanis et al . (
justification : the magdalena freshwater stingray ( potamotrygon magdalenae ) is a small freshwater stingray ( adults 19 - 21 cm dw ) that is restricted to the magdalena and atrato river basins in northern colombia . the biological information available indicates that it has low fecundity ( 2 - 4 pups ) and feeds on insect larvae , but further data are needed on its life history . this species is in the ornamental trade and is a by - catch species in other fisheries but no other information is available . monitoring and specific management for the ornamental trade and by - catch are recommended . habitat maintenance and conservation are also required conservation measures . due to its low fecundity and threats , this species is presumed to be declining in abundance . however , it has a wide range and is frequently caught . hence , it is listed as least concern .
as the species appears to be generally abundant where it occurs , is relatively productive , and appears to be stable or increasing in the northern part of its range , this species is assessed as least concern . however , this stingray may be overexploited as a bycatch species in commercial shrimp trawl fisheries operating in the gulf of california . more data are needed in order to determine how this high exploitation rate may be affecting the population over time .
all species of river stingray in the parano - plata basin have delicious meat and are harpooned by fishermen when seen in shallow water . artisanal and commercial fishermen also catch some specimens on lines . the attractively patterned juveniles of this species are collected for the ornamental fish trade . the major threats to the species possibly derive from habitat degradation caused by the damming of the río paraná system for navigation and hydroelectric plants and the construction of many ports along the river .
wild stingrays are active at night and solitary—they forage through the night over large distances to find food , and rarely cross paths with other stingrays . to see if stingray city ' s fed stingrays stray from this behavior , mark corcoran , lead author of the study who did the research as part of his graduate work at nsu , and the research team tagged and monitored both wild and fed stingrays over the course of two years and compared their patterns of movement .
depending on the size of the stingray , humans are usually stung in the foot region . surfers or those who enter waters with large populations of stingrays have learned to slide their feet through the sand rather than stepping , as the rays detect this and swim away . stamping hard on the bottom as one treads through murky water will also cause them to swim away . humans who harass stingrays have been known to be stung elsewhere , sometimes leading to fatalities . contact with the stinger causes local trauma ( from the cut itself ) , pain and , swelling from the venom , and possible later infection from bacteria . immediate injuries to humans include , but are not limited to , poisoning , punctures , severed arteries , and possibly death . fatal stings are very rare . on september 4 , 2006 , australian wildlife expert and television personality steve irwin was pierced in the chest by a stingray barb while snorkeling in australia and died shortly after .
right now , these animals have no protection at all ,
harvey said .
without more studies like these , we won ' t know what that means for the wildlife or if we need to take action . it ' s unclear how much of the stingray ' s daily diet comes from tourism provided food , but the good news is we have seen the animals forage when tourists are absent suggesting that these animal are not completely dependent on these handouts .
since 1970 , sdrp scientists have operated the world’s longest - running study of a wild dolphin population , assessing the behavior , health , movement , prey and other characteristics of long - term resident bottlenose dolphins in their sarasota bay home . with such a long - range study , czs’s sdrp scientists are experts in field techniques and methodologies for data collection . mote’s stranding investigations program — a 24 - hour response service for sick and injured marine life in sarasota and manatee counties — collects multiple types of data from each dolphin rescued or recovered dead , complementing sdrp efforts for a cradle - to - grave understanding of wild dolphins and the threats they face . in the study area of sarasota and manatee counties , the human population has more than tripled and the number of registered boats has quadrupled since 1970 — increasing the chances of dolphin - human encounters . meanwhile , periodic blooms of florida red tide algae have at times reduced available prey fish along west florida by more than 90 percent , and major red tides of 2005 and 2006 overlapped with intriguing increases in dolphin - human interactions . however , statistical analysis in the new study found that less prey and more human encounters in sarasota bay couldn’t fully account for the dolphins’ behavior . mchugh suggests that more data may be needed to understand these influences . for instance , direct data on dolphin - boat encounters aren’t available for much of the study period , so the researchers relied on indirect indicators — such as number of boats in a given area — to estimate human exposure . however , the analyses strongly suggested that dolphins learn unhealthy feeding behavior from one another .
before the current study , one of the strongest cautionary tales came from a long - term resident sarasota bay dolphin nicknamed “beggar” because people fed him often . according to sdrp and mote scientists , beggar was found dead in 2012 with fish hooks in his stomach , broken bones , signs of old wounds , a history of abnormal behavior and health issues likely related to his human - altered diet . though natural causes — stingray barbs — were suspected factors in his death , getting food from people didn’t help .
the red stingray dasyatis akajei is distributed in both marine and freshwater , but little is known about its phylogeography and population structure . we sampled 107 individuals from one freshwater region and 6 coastal localities within the distribution range of d . akajei . analyses of the first hypervariable region of mitochondrial dna control region of 474 bp revealed only 17 polymorphism sites that defined 28 haplotypes , with no unique haplotype for the freshwater population . a high level of haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity were observed in both marine ( h = 0 . 9393 ± 0 . 0104 , π = 0 . 0069 ± 0 . 0040 ) and freshwater populations ( h = 0 . 8333 ± 0 . 2224 , π = 0 . 0084 ± 0 . 0063 ) . significant level of genetic structure was detected between four marine populations ( tz , wz , nd and zz ) via both hierarchical molecular variance analysis ( amova ) and pairwise fst ( with two exceptions ) , which is unusual for elasmobranchs detected previously over such short geographical distance . however , limited sampling suggested that the freshwater population was not particularly distinct ( p > 0 . 05 ) , but additional samples would be needed to confirm it . demersal and slow - moving characters likely have contributed to the genetically heterogeneous population structure . the demographic history of d . akajei examined by mismatch distribution analyses , neutrality tests and bayesian skyline analyses suggested a sudden population expansion dating to upper pleistocene . the information on genetic diversity and genetic structure will have implications for the management of fisheries and conservation efforts .
this stingray is susceptible to capture in a variety of fishing gear and is caught mainly as bycatch ( hooking , netting and entanglement ) in both artisanal and industrial fisheries aimed at large catfish that are present in the amazon estuary . however , recently a directed fishery has commenced and the local industrial fleet started capturing this species to be exported . it is now being currently exported to european countries by a few fishing industries located in the state of pará ( brazil ) . intrinsic factors probably also represent a threat for this species as to most other elasmobranchs ( camhi et al . 1998 ) .
they found that fed stingrays swapped their normal nighttime foraging for daytime feeding , and in contrast to their wild counterparts , began to rest at night . they also didn ' t mind rubbing shoulders with their neighbors : at least 164 stingrays abandoned the species ' normal solitary behavior , crowding together in less than a quarter square mile of space at stingray city . they even formed schools and fed together . the fed stingrays mated and became pregnant year - round , instead of during a specific mating season , and also showed signs of unusual aggression , biting each other more frequently than their wild counterparts .
justification : a large ( to 200 cm disc width ) tropical stingray that is distributed in the western central and southwest atlantic ocean from mexico to brazil including the lesser and greater antilles . almost no data is available on its habitat , biology , ecology and population trends . however , it is caught as bycatch and used as a subsistence food source . base - line studies , including taxonomic aspects , need to be elucidated for this species . given its probable inshore occurrence in fished areas its conservation status will need to be reassessed once data are collected , particularly concerning catch levels . in the first instance though , the species ' taxonomic status needs resolution .
b ) , and this condition may reflect the close interaction with mrap1 . that interaction most likely started in the ancestral bony fishes , and while the interaction may not have “rescued” mc2r functionality , the interaction appears to have stabilized the functional capabilities of teleost and tetrapod mc2r orthologs . tetrapod mc2r orthologs show a similar level of primary sequence conservation . as a result , selection pressures on teleost and tetrapod mc2r orthologs may involve maintaining the close interaction between mrap1 and mc2r . for the cartilaginous fishes , the mrap1 / mc2r relationship is unclear or may not exit , and the selection pressures to maintain mc2r primary sequence identity does not appear to be as strong . for example , in a recent study , on stingray mcrs (
studies on the ligand selectivity of dogfish , squalus acanthias ( order squaliformes , subclass elasmobranchii ) , mc3r , mc4r , and mc5r paralogs ( 44 – 46 ) , and the mc1r , mc3r , mc4r , and mc5r paralogs of the stingray , d . akajei [ order rajiformes , subclass elasmobranchii ; ( 39 ) ] found that these mcr paralogs could be activated by either acth or msh - sized ligands in a manner analogous to the corresponding mcr paralogs in teleosts or tetrapods . hence , these paralogs have an hfrw - binding site . however , the mc2r ortholog of the stingray , d . akajei , and the mc2r ortholog from the elephant shark , c . milii ( order chimaeriformes , subclass holocephali ) could also be activated by either acth or msh - sized ligands ( 38 , 39 ) , and as noted in phylogeny and proposed evolution of the mraps , both of these mc2r orthologs could be functionally expressed in cho cells without co - expression of an exogenous mrap1 cdna . the two cartilaginous fish mc2r orthologs , from different subclasses of the cartilaginous fishes , have ligand selectivity properties more similar to mc4r paralogs , and most likely have only a hfrw - binding pocket . this apparent feature for the cartilaginous fishes mc2r orthologs would be quite distinct from teleost and tetrapod mc2r orthologs . whether the ligand selectivity properties of the cartilaginous fishes mc2r orthologs are an ancestral trait or a derived trait unique to the cartilaginous fishes is not clear at this time .
justification : this is an amended version of the 2007 assessment to accommodate the recent change in genus name from dasyatis to hemitrygon . this indo - pacific stingray’s distribution is not well known , but it probably ranges from japan to india , possibly including the philippines . its habitat and biology are poorly known and it reaches a maximum size of 130 cm total length ( tl ) and 50 cm disc width ( dw ) . it is presumably taken in demersal fisheries operating within its range , but no information is currently available on catches of this species . at present insufficient information is available on the species’ distribution , biology and capture in fisheries to assess it beyond data deficient . further investigation is required and this assessment should be revisited in the near term .
in méxico , a moratorium on the allocation of additional elasmobranch fishing permits was enacted in 1993 , but no formal management plan has been implemented for the round stingray specifically or most other chondrichthyans in méxico . however , legislation is being developed in méxico to establish national elasmobranch fishery management . currently , elasmobranch landings in méxico are poorly monitored and lack species - specific details . all batoids are generally broadly termed “manta raya” . improved clarity in catch records would provide an essential basis for detecting fishery trends and are needed throughout the species’ range . expanded monitoring of directed elasmobranch catches and bycatch in méxico are necessary to provide valuable information on the population status of these rays . fishery - independent surveys of this and other demersal elasmobranchs are also necessary to provide estimates of abundance and biomass .
californian waters , a network of 29 marine protected areas ( mpas ) were implemented in 2007 under california ' s marine life protection act , representing approximately 204 square miles ( ~ 18 % ) of state waters in the central coast region ( california department of fish and wildlife 2015 ) . due to these mpas , most trawlers are restricted to operating in deeper waters , and only in central and northern california . as a result , fishing effort in the california trawl fishery has been reduced , and catches of this species have also likely been reduced ( d . ebert pers . obs . 2007 ) . the california department of fish collects annual data on commercial fishery landings , however this species is lumped under the general category of
stingray
( california department of fish and wildlife 2000 - 2015 ) .
hemitrygon fluviorum is listed as near threatened , using the previous iucn red list system in the conservation overview and action plan for australian threatened and potentially threatened marine and estuarine fishes published by environment australia ( pogonoski et al . 2002 ) . this report emphasises , however , that there is significant concern for this species and that it needs to be closely monitored to ensure that its conservation status is not raised into the vulnerable category in the near future ( pogonoski et al . 2002 ) . here , however , the species meets the criteria for a vulnerable listing . pogonoski et al . ( 2002 ) recognise critical habitat for h . fluviorum as relatively shallow mangrove and estuarine areas and suggest that habitat protection is required as a recovery objective . while h . fluviorum is likely to occur in a number of marine protected areas in nsw and queensland waters , the zoning plans for these parks and reserves restrict fishing activities in only small areas and do not generally protect sufficient areas of the habitat of this species . the species is still relatively common in some southern queensland estuaries and bays ( hervey bay , parts of moreton bay ) , and these areas may be important for habitat protection ( they are however , also heavily fished both commercially and recreationally and face development pressure ) . education of commercial fishers , aquaculturists and recreational fishers is a priority to halt the destruction of incidental catches of the species .
the tail is usually cleaved off before it is returned to the sea , which increases discard mortality . in southern california , the population abundance of this stingray fluctuates seasonally but seems overall to be stable or increasing . in the gulf of california ( mexico ) this species was rarely encountered in artisanal gillnet and trawl fisheries along the coast of baja california sur , but was a dominant bycatch species in commercial shrimp trawl fisheries . exploitation rates in these mexican commercial shrimp trawl fisheries exceeded biological reference points , suggesting that this species may be overexploited , however , no time series data are available . nothing is known of the state of exploitation or population status for this species in central america . no species - specific conservation measures are in place , however , marine protected area implementation ( leading to a redistribution of fishing effort ) in california may have positive effect on this species .
dental sexual dimorphism was observed in the stingray dasyatis akajei . there was no difference between sexes in dentition at the juvenile stage . however , mature males had a pointed cusp for each tooth while mature females had virtually flat teeth with irregular surfaces . sexual dental dimorphism occurred between a disc width of 350 and 400mm for males collected in tokyo bay , japan . this size range was almost identical to the size at maturity for males , estimated from abrupt increments in clasper length and testis weight . food habits expressed by frequency of occurrence of prey items showed no large difference between sexes . the main food items were crustaceans and fishes . the findings suggest that sexual heterodonty is closely related to the mating behavior of male stingrays . another form of sexual dimorphism was found in size at maturity , i . e . smaller in males than females by a disc width of approximately 200mm .
the evolution of the melanocortin receptors ( mcrs ) is closely associated with the evolution of the melanocortin - 2 receptor accessory proteins ( mraps ) . recent annotation of the elephant shark genome project revealed the sequence of a putative mrap1 ortholog . the presence of this sequence in the genome of a cartilaginous fish raises the possibility that the mrap1 and mrap2 genes in the genomes of gnathostome vertebrates were the result of the chordate 2r genome duplication event . the presence of a putative mrap1 ortholog in a cartilaginous fish genome is perplexing . recent studies on melanocortin - 2 receptor ( mc2r ) in the genomes of the elephant shark and the japanese stingray indicate that these mc2r orthologs can be functionally expressed in cho cells without co - expression of an exogenous mrap1 cdna . the novel ligand selectivity of these cartilaginous fish mc2r orthologs is discussed . finally , the origin of the mc2r and mc5r genes is reevaluated . the distinctive primary sequence conservation of mc2r and mc5r is discussed in light of the physiological roles of these two mcr paralogs .
justification : this stingray occurs in the eastern atlantic and mediterranean sea . it occurs from the shore to about 200 m depth , but is more commonly found in shallow waters ( < 50 m ) . this depth distribution makes it more vulnerable to small - scale inshore fisheries than to offshore trawling . for example , dasyatis pastinaca made up more than 40 % of the elasmobranch biomass captured in the trammel net fishery off the balearic islands . in the northeast atlantic , it is a less common species , generally showing a low abundance index in comparison to the mediterranean sea and may have disappeared from the south of the bay of biscay . data from comparative trawl surveys ( 1948 and 1998 ) conducted in the adriatic sea suggest that this species may have decreased in abundance . although few data are available , this species appears to be less common than it once was in the mediterranean and northeast atlantic . it is currently assessed as near threatened there and further investigation is required into catches and the taxonomic status of population throughout this species ' global distribution before it can be assessed beyond data deficient globally .


anacampsis tristrigella is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it was described by walsingham in 1882 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded alabama , arkansas , manitoba , massachusetts , mississippi , ontario , quebec , tennessee and texas .

the wingspan is about 12 mm .

the forewings are greyish fuscous from the base to beyond the middle , with a greenish hue in some lights and a steel-grey streak along the costal margin , passing over the front of the thorax , beyond the middle very dark brown , with a transverse white fascia extended outwards at the commencement of the costal cilia , narrowed in the middle of the wing , and somewhat dilated about the dorsal margin .

beyond it are three , sometimes four , white tooth-like streaks , with their bases joined towards the apical margin and separated from the steel-grey fringes by a reduplicated line of dark brown , which passes around the apex .

the hindwings are brown , with grey fringes , oblique , but scarcely emarginate below the apex .

the base of the costal margin is steel-grey .

the larvae feed on corylus americana .

anacampsis tristrigella

gelechia ( anacampsis ) tristrigella walsingham , 1882 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 10 : 181
peter , thanks for catching the typo on mpg . your photo was placed there by accident and will be moved back to anacampsis tristrigella soon ! thanks
anacampsis malella amsel , 1959 ; bull . soc . ent . egypt . 43 : 65
anacampsis sacramenta keifer , 1933 ; calif . dept . agric . , mon . bull . 22 : 362
anacampsis languens meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 142 ; tl : ecuador , duran
anacampsis aedificata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; tl : brazil , para
anacampsis diplodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 76 ; tl : brazil , parintins
anacampsis embrocha meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 192 ; tl : new hanover
anacampsis flexiloqua meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : peru , iquitos
anacampsis idiocentra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , santarem
anacampsis nonstrigella busck , 1906 ; can . ent . 38 ( 4 ) : 121 ; tl : oak station , pennsylvania
anacampsis parviocellatella bruand , 1850 ; mém . soc . doubs 3 ( 3 , livr . 5 - 6 ) : 40
anacampsis petrographa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 79 ; tl : brazil , obidos
anacampsis poliombra meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : brazil , parintins
anacampsis cosmia meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 77 ; tl : natal , durban
anacampsis lapidella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , grenada
anacampsis quinquepunctella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 80 ; tl : west indies , grenada
anacampsis conistica walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , sonora
anacampsis lithodelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 77 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas , iquitos
anacampsis lupinella busck , 1901 ; can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 14 ; tl : high park , toronto , canada
anacampsis perquisita meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , para , teffé
anacampsis insularis walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 81 ; tl : west indies , st . thomas
anacampsis solemnella ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; [ nhm card ]
anacampsis capyrodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 80 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins , teffé
anacampsis rivalis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : s . india , shevaroys ; ceylon , kandy
anacampsis ursula walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 ; tl : mexico , morelos , cuernavaca
anacampsis fragariella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 760 ; tl : pullman , washington
anacampsis argyrothamniella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231 ; tl : palm beach , florida
anacampsis primigenia meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 141 ; tl : colombia , cali , 500ft ; ecuador , huigra , 4500ft
anacampsis cornifer walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 79 ; tl : west indies , st . croix ; st . thomas
anacampsis paltodoriella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 848 ; tl : mesilla park , new mexico
anacampsis triangularis braun , 1923 ; proc . calif . acad . sci . ( 4 ) 12 ( 10 ) : 118 ; tl : angeles bay , lower california
anacampsis considerata meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 78 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos , teffé ; peru , jurimaguas , iquitos
anacampsis phytomiella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 8 ; tl : alhajuela , cabima and porto bello , panama
anacampsis coverdalella kearfott , 1903 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 11 : 162 , pl . 9 , f . 13 ; tl : natchitoches parish , louisiana
anacampsis rhabdodes walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 36 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
anacampsis lagunculariella busck , 1900 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 230 , pl . 1 , f . 6 ; tl : palm beach , florida
anacampsis primigenia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list )
anacampsis psoraliella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 226 , pl . 28 , f . 10 ; tl : iowa , sioux city
anacampsis meibomiella forbes , 1931 ; j . agric . porto rico 15 ( 4 ) : 376 , pl . 42 , f . 16 ; tl : puerto rico ,
e . e . a . de cuba
anacampsis populella ; [ nacl ] , # 2246 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31 ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 173 ; [ fe ]
anacampsis niveopulvella ; busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761 ; [ nacl ] , # 2243 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31
anacampsis ( anacampsini ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 735 , 699 ( list ) ; [ fe ]
anacampsis quinquepunctella ; walsingham , 1910 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 35 , pl . 1 , f . 35 ; meyrick , 1929 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 507 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
anacampsis lagunculariella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 78 ; busck , 1914 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 7 ; [ nacl ] , # 2240 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 31
820x623 ( ~ 87kb ) russia , moscow area , 14 . 8 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov
the exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .
compsolechia anisogramma meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353 ; tl : china , shanghai
larva on argyrothamnia blodgettii busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231
untomia cenelpis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 77 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
chlorodecta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197
compsolechia comparanda meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 506 ; tl : arizona , palmerlee ; texas , alpine
crypticopa ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( gelechia ) ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 384
larva on fragaria busck , 1904 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 761
= ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 14 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 30
lita fuscella eversmann , 1844 ; fauna lep . volgo - uralensis . . . : 581
tachyptilia hirsutella constant , 1885 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 4 : 256 , pl . 10 , f . 17 ; tl : alpes - maritimes
homoplasta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( compsolechia ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 197
gelechia ( tachyptilia ) innocuella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 249 ; tl : texas
agriastis inquieta meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 253 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
aproaerema kearfottella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 842 ; tl : new jersey
compsolechia lacteochrella [ = lacteusochrella ] meyrick , 1925 ; in wytsman , genera insectorum 184 : 123 ( emend . )
larva on laguncularia racemosa busck , 1900 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 23 ( 1208 ) : 231
strobisia levipedella clemens , 1863 ; proc . ent . soc . philad . 2 : 4
compsolechia lignaria meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 292 ; tl : e . siberia , khaborowsk
larva on lupinus perennis busck , 1901 , can . ent . 33 ( 1 ) : 15
maculatella ( lucas , 1956 ) ( tachyptilia ) ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 256
gelechia multinotata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 134 ; tl : british guiana , bartica , mallali
gelechia niveopulvella chambers , 1875 ; can . ent . 7 ( 11 ) : 210 ; tl : canada
agriastis nocturna meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 252 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
tachyptilia panormitella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 106
agriastis peloptila meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
gelechia pomaceella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 620 ; tl : ega
= ; park , 2001 , insecta koreana . 18 ( 1 ) : ( 87 - 90 )
larva on populus tremula , salix caprea , s . alba , s . spp .
agriastis prasina meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 251 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
larva on croton scouleri , exedeconus miersii landry & roque - albelo , 2010 , revue suisse zool . 117 ( 4 ) : 737
larva on prunus salicina park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121
gelechia subactella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 30 : 1026 ; tl : australia ?
larva on salix phylicifolia , s . caprea , s . lapponum , s . repens
gelechia tephriasella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 4 ) : 68 ; tl : kentucky
cathegesis tridentella walsingham , 1910 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 28 , pl . 1 , f . 24 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
tachyptila trifoliella constant , 1890 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 1889 : cxxv
gelechia ( teleia ) viretella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 340 , pl . 4 , f . 110
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
expedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths
icones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )
the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
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urltoken
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
specific epithet from latin meaning
three - streaked ,
for the
three contiguous white streaks
on the forewing .
busck , august 1903 . a revision of the american moths of the family gelechiidae with descriptions of the new species . p . 851 .
a revision of the american moths of the family gelechiidae , with descriptions of new species august busck . 1903 . proceedings of the united states national museum 25 : 767 - 938 .
the lepidoptera of new york and neighboring states william t . m . forbes . 1923 . cornell university , ithaca , new york ; memoir 68 .
notes on tineidae of north america . lord walsingham . 1882 . transactions of the american entomological society 10 : 165 - 204 .
contributed by maury j . heiman on 24 june , 2010 - 6 : 20pm additional contributions by randy hardy last updated 28 march , 2018 - 4 : 53pm
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habitat : mixed hardwoods and pines , sandy soil , nearby creek . challenging little moth to photograph . its movements were , to me , atypical of a moth . it was extremely fast and not a weak flyer like many small moths are . i was using the camera ' s flash so no diffuser ; therefore disregard the reflection on the wings .
since american hazelnut is shown as a larval food source but isn ' t found in our woods in east texas , i looked it up and it ' s in the birch family which does include some other trees found here : alder spp . and hornbeam spp . so , possibly this moth is using those .
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hi maury , moth photographers group is calling this compsolechia crescentifasciella , hodges # 2252 ( chambers , 1874 ) . do you agree ? thanks peter
great shot , herschel - - taken in my part of the county . : - ) ( marvin )
you live close to the wilderness area ? excellent . we had 45 butterfly species there this weekend . i will add more shots this next few days .
the same quadrant of searcy county , but more like midway between witt springs and marshall . we ' ll be looking forward to those butterfly posts . . . marvin .
excellent photo . a widespread species but not often photographed . only live photo that i ' ve seen is by lynn scott in ottawa , canada .
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hodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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