the yellow-billed babbler or white-headed babbler ( turdoides affinis ) is a member of the leiothrichidae family endemic to southern india and sri lanka .

the yellow-billed babbler is a common resident breeding bird in sri lanka and southern india .

its habitat is scrub , cultivation and garden land .

this species , like most babblers , is not migratory , and has short rounded wings and a weak flight and is usually seen calling and foraging in groups .

it is often mistaken for the jungle babbler , whose range overlaps in parts of southern india , although it has a distinctive call and tends to be found in more vegetated habitats .

its name is also confused with t. leucocephala , which is also known as white-headed babbler .

yellow - billed babbler

yellow - billed babbler | for details check my blog www . drkris… | flickr
english : yellow - billed scimitar babbler ; french : moineau friquet ; german : rotrückensäbler .
yellow - billed babbler ( turdoides affinis ) is a species of bird in the leiothrichidae family .
the orange - billed babbler ( turdoides rufescens ) also known as ceylon rufous babbler or sri lankan rufous babbler is a member of the leiothrichidae family .
a portion of the mural
from so simple a beginning
focusing on the yellow - billed magpie .
once a pied cuckoo lays its egg in a yellow - billed babbler’s nest , the latter has no way of telling the difference . the cuckoo eggs are turquoise blue like the poor babbler’s .
english : yellow - naped yuhina , yellow - collared ixulus ; french : yuhina à cou roux ; german : gelbnackenyuhina .
page 31 , yellow - billed pintail ( south georgia ) anas georgica georgica add a missing range statement : “south georgia i . ”
the orange - billed babbler is a resident breeding bird endemic to sri lanka . in the past , it was considered to be a race of jungle babbler , turdoides striatus .
page 640 , yellow warbler dendroica petechia ruficapilla this subspecies is moved from the yellow warbler ( mangrove ) group dendroica petechia [ erithachorides group ] to the yellow warbler ( golden ) group dendroica petechia [ petechia group ] .
i saw two birds ( yellow billed babbler ) frequenting a small tree in our garden . this tree is located almost in front of our main door . so we can observe them very easily from our living room .
throat , olive back , orange and yellow wings , and uniquely forked tail .
other synonyms catalan : tordenc de bec groc czech : timálie žlutozobá danish : lyshovedet larmdrossel german : gelbschnabeldrossling , gelbschnabel - drossling , gelbschnabel - schwatzhäherling english : white - billed babbler , white - headed babbler , yellow billed babbler , yellow - billed babbler , yellow - billed chatterer spanish : turdoide piquigualdo spanish ( spain ) : turdoide piquigualdo finnish : valkopäätimali french : cratérope à bec jaune , cratérope affin italian : garrulo beccogiallo , garrulo testabianca japanese : kibashiyabuchimedori japanese : キバシヤブチメドリ latin : m [ alacocircus ] . affinis , turdoides affinis , turdoides affinis affinis lithuanian : geltonsnapė strazdinė timalija malayalam : പൂത്താങ്കീരി , പൂത്താങ്കീരി dutch : geelsnavelbabbelaar norwegian : gulnebbskriketrost polish : dżunglotymal żółtodzioby , tymal zóltodzioby , tymal żółtodzioby russian : желтоклювая дроздовая тимелия , желтоклювая дроздовидная тимелия slovak : timáliovec žltozobý swedish : ljushuvad skriktrast tamil : venthalai silamban chinese : 印度白头鸫鹛 , 白头鸫鹛 chinese ( traditional ) : 印度白頭鶇鶥
jamie , g . a . & de silva wijeyeratne , g . ( 2014 ) similarity of the calls of juvenile pied cuckoo clamator jacobinus and its sri lankan host species , yellow - billed babbler turdoides affinis . forktail 30 : 133 - 134
the backwaters waterbirds including cinnamon and yellow bitterns , bronze - winged and pheasant - tailed jacanas , and stork - billed kingfisher . also a chance of black - capped kingfisher .
all day birding mang den where the primary target bird is the recently discovered and seldom seen endemic chestnut - eared laughingthrush . our guide has had very good success getting this species . other target birds are stripe - breasted woodpecker and black - hooded laughingthrush . other notable birds of the area are the scarce pale - capped pigeon , brown hornbill , yellow - billed nuthatch , rufous - faced warbler , red - billed scimitar - babbler , and short - billed scimitar - babbler . night at tba in mang den .
english : yellow - bellied laughing thrush ; french : garrulaxe à gorge jaune ; german : gelbbauchhäherling .
english : pekin robin , red - billed hill tit ; french : léiothrix jaune ; german : sonnenvogel .
mudumalai np ( adjoining bandipur np ) including jungle hut cabins yellow - wattled lapwing , blue - faced malkoha , blue - bearded bee - eater , grey - headed and white - browed bulbuls , yellow - billed babbler and gold - fronted leafbird . also a chance of brown fish owl , jerdon ' s nightjar , white - naped woodpecker , indian pitta , white - bellied minivet and orange - headed thrush .
babbler with dark brown upperside , narrowly streaked pale underside , and variably whitish . . .
blue - rumped & bar - bellied pitta , germain’s peacock - pheasant , green peafowl , orange - necked partridge , great slaty woodpecker , lesser adjutant , grey - faced tit - babbler , collared , black - hooded , white - cheeked & orange - breasted laughingthrush , collared babbler , yellow - billed nuthatch , grey - crowned crocias , hume’s treecreeper , grey - crowned tit , vietnamese cutia , indochinese cuckooshrike , slender - billed oriole , burmese shrike , vietnamese greenfinch , black - crowned fulvetta , black - crowned parrotbill , green peafowl , great slaty woodpecker , austen’s brown hornbill , chestnut - eared , black - hooded & white - cheeked laughingthrush , yellow - billed nuthatch , pale - capped pigeon , coral - billed scimitar - babbler , white - winged magpie , grey - crowned crocias , golden - winged , red - tailed , black - hooded & white - cheeked laughingthrush , indochinese fulvetta , black - crowned barwing , annam partridge , blue - rumped & bar - bellied pitta , short - tailed scimitar babbler , austen’s brown hornbill .
as a result of these revisions , pomatorhinus erythrocnemis becomes a monotypic species , and the english name is changed to black - necklaced scimitar - babbler . the sequence of these species is : rusty - cheeked scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus erythrogenys spot - breasted scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus mcclellandi black - streaked scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus gravivox gray - sided scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus swinhoei black - necklaced scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus erythrocnemis reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
page 136 , yellow rosella platycercus flaveolus adelaide rosella platycercus adelaidae in accord with raou , yellow rosella and adelaide rosella are lumped into a single species under the name crimson rosella ( platycercus elegans ) . the two former species continue to be recognized as groups : crimson rosella ( yellow ) platycercus elegans flaveolus crimson rosella ( adelaide ) platycercus elegans adelaidae / subadelaidae
page 497 , long - billed wren - babbler rimator malacoptilus in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , this species is split into three species : — subspecies rimator malacoptilus pasquieri is elevated to species rank , with english name white - throated wren - babbler . — subspecies rimator malacoptilus albostriatus is elevated to species rank , with english name sumatran wren - babbler . rimator malacoptilus becomes monotypic , and retains the english name long - billed wren - babbler . the range statement for long - billed wren - babbler – e himalayas ( sikkim to e assam and ne myanmar ) – inadvertently was omitted from the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will reinstate the range statement in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
4 . 3 in ( 11 cm ) . the most brilliantly colored member of a large genus of mostly brown birds . chest orange or yellow ; head black , with gray throat and whitish cheeks and crown . wings black with brilliant orange and yellow highlights . tail black , edged with orange or yellow . mantle grayish and rump yellow . sexes similar . shape typical of genus : rounded , like a titmouse or kinglet , with a short , sharp bill , and tail of moderate length .
page 499 , wedge - billed wren - babbler sphenocichla humei in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies sphenocichla humei roberti is elevated to species rank , with english name chevron - breasted babbler . sphenocichla hume i becomes monotypic , and the english name is changed to blackish - breasted babbler . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
species shared only with sri lanka painted francolin , crested ( changeable ) hawk eagle , blue - faced malkoha , sri lanka frogmouth , jerdon’s nightjar , indian swiftlet , malabar trogon , malabar pied hornbill , crimson - fronted barbet , orange ( scarlet ) minivet , jerdon’s ( rufous - winged ) bush lark , hill ( pacific ) swallow , square - tailed black , white - browed and yellow - browed bulbuls , indian blackbird , indian ( white - browed ) scimitar babbler , dark - fronted and yellow - billed babblers , lesser hill myna , jerdon’s ( blue - winged ) leafbird and long - billed ( loten’s ) sunbird .
morning have the park ranger drive us up the mountain road on lang bien . key target birds there are black - throated tit , yellow - billed nuthatch , hume ' s treecreeper , black - crowned fulvetta , and vietnamese cutia . other interesting possibilities include mountain hawk - eagle , hodgson ' s hawk - cuckoo , dalat shrike - babbler , clicking shrike - babbler , bianchi ' s warbler , rufous - capped babbler , collared laughingthrush , and orange - bellied leafbird . afternoon return to the lake area to look for birds missed the previous day . night at dreams hotel .
an additional aspect of my research involves understanding interspecific interactions and communication . originally i started investigating these interactions between pied babblers and fork - tailed drongos . more recently , i have begun investigating interspecific interactions in scimitar - bills , yellow - billed hornbills and wattled starlings .
english : rough - templed tree - babbler ; french : lobélia spéciosa ; german : goldstirn - buschtimalie .
english : mount omei babbler ; french : garrulaxe de l ' omei ; german : omei - haeherling .
english : golden - breasted tit babbler ; french : alcippe à poitrine dorée ; german : gold - alcippe .
this is a reupload - initially i had mistaken the turdoides affinis for turdoides striata , the jungle babblers , but a good youtube friend explained that it must be a yellow - billed babbler , so i had to change the title ; - ) well , whatever seven sisters they are - they are always noisy and funny , and come usually together with a gang of palm squirrels ( funambulus palmarum ) .
english : lesser scaly - breasted wren - babbler , brown wrenbabbler ; french : turdinule mailée ; german : moostimalie .
5 . 25 in ( 13 . 2 cm ) . unique , rather bizarre appearance : black head with golden yellow forehead , lores , eye ring , and chin ; bright reddish orange tufts on side of head . streaked olive mantle with brown wings and tail . breast yellow with black spots .
page 499 , long - tailed wren - babbler spelaeornis chocolatinus in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , the long - tailed wren - babbler is split into four species . — subspecies spelaeornis chocolatinus oatesi is elevated to species rank , with english name chin hills wren - babbler . — subspecies spelaeornis chocolatinus reptatus is elevated to species rank , with english name gray - bellied wren - babbler . — subspecies spelaeornis chocolatinus kinneari is elevated to species rank , with english name pale - throated wren - babbler . — spelaeornis chocolatinus becomes monotypic , and retains the english name long - tailed wren - babbler . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
kukri belur ( kokkare bellur ) spot - billed pelican and painted stork nesting colony in village . also a chance of red - naped ibis and painted stork .
page 496 , spot - breasted scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus erythrocnemis in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , this highly polytypic species is split into four species : — subspecies pomatorhinus erythrocnemis mcclellandi is elevated to species rank , with english name spot - breasted scimitar - babbler . — subspecies pomatorhinus erythrocnemis gravivox is elevated to species rank , with english name black - streaked scimitar - babbler . subspecies odicus , decarlei , dedekensi , and cowensae also now are transferred to black - streaked scimitar - babbler . — subspecies pomatorhinus erythrocnemis swinhoei is elevated to species rank , with english name gray - sided scimitar - babbler ; subspecies abbreviatus also is included in gray - sided scimitar - babbler . in addition , subspecies ferrugilatus and haringtoni are transferred from pomatorhinus erythrocnemis to the rusty - cheeked scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus erythrogenys . we also add the two following subspecies of rusty - cheeked scimitar - babbler , both of which inadvertently had been omitted from previous editions of clements checklist : pomatorhinus erythrogenys imberbis karenni , e myanmar pomatorhinus erythrogenys celatus shan states , e myanmar and nw thailand
5 in ( 12 cm ) . tiny , long - tailed , brownish bird with rufous accents , finch - like yellow bill , and dark eyes . sexes similar .
english : white - necked bald crow , yellow - headed rockfowl , guinea picathartes ; french : picatharte de guinée ; german : weisshals stelzenkraehe ; spanish : picatartes cuelliblanco .
page 500 , pygmy babbler stachyris plateni in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies stachyris plateni pygmaea is elevated to species rank , with english name visayan pygmy - babbler . stachyris plateni becomes monotypic , and the english name changes to mindanao pygmy - babbler . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
page 499 , pygmy wren - babbler pnoepyga pusilla in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies pnoepyga pusilla formosana is elevated to species rank , with english name taiwan wren - babbler ; it also is repositioned to follow scaly - breasted wren - babbler pnoepyga albiventer . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
page 494 , puff - throated babbler pellorneum ruficeps indictinctum correct a typographical error in the scientific name : change “indictinctum ” to “ indistinctum . ”
page 498 , large wren - babbler napothera macrodactyla rusty - breasted wren - babbler napothera rufipectus black - throated wren - babbler napothera atrigularis marbled wren - babbler napothera marmorata in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , these four species all are transferred to the genus turdinus . please note that for one of these species we failed to change the spelling of the species name : turdinus macrodactyla should be turdinus macrodactylus . we will correct this oversight in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
ranganathitu bs mugger crocodile , waterbirds including a chance of spot - billed pelican , painted stork , great thick - knee and river tern , and raptors including a chance of indian spotted eagle .
page 496 , indian scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus horsfieldii in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies pomatorhinus horsfieldii melanurus is elevated to species rank , with english name sri lanka scimitar - babbler . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
page 497 , streak - breasted scimitar - babbler pomatorhinus ruficollis in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies pomatorhinus ruficollis musicus is elevated to species rank , with english name taiwan scimitar - babbler . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
liocichla omeiensis riley , 1926 , mt . emei , sichuan . only recently recognized as full species , distinct from taiwanese endemic steere ' s babbler ( l . steerii ) .
day 11 : yok don national park to mang den early morning birding at yok don before the scenic drive north to mang den in kontum province with a lunch stop en route . arrive in time for some late afternoon birding around mang den . overnight at mang den . day 12 : mang den a full day’s birding at mang den where the recently - discovered and seldom - seen endemic , chestnut - eared laughingthrush , is the main target . other specialities of the mang den area include the scarce pale - capped pigeon , yellow - billed nuthatch , black - hooded laughingthrush and indochinese wren - babbler . overnight at mang den .
preventing a nest parasite such as the pied cuckoo from laying eggs in its nest should be the first line of babbler defence . but babblers don’t chase anything , let alone cuckoos .
page 136 , bluebonnet ( yellow - vented ) northiella haematogaster / pallescens the scientific name of this new group is incorrect ; the name should be northiella haematogaster haematogaster / pallescens . we will correct this error in the next edition .
the pied cuckoo chick was a giant amongst its foster family of yellow - billed babblers . every morning for a few days , we watched the flock of dowdy brown birds frantically stuff leftover dog food , insects , and other tidbits from the garden into the gaping maw of the ever - hungry monster chick . the family must have been blind to think the fledgling with a pointed crest , prominent black and white plumage , and a long tail was its own .
11 in ( 28 cm ) . slender grayish brown , long - tailed bird , which may remind americans of thrashers ( mimidae ) . plumage identical in both sexes , but male ' s eyes pale yellow , female ' s brown .
for the first picture common babbler ( turdoides caudatus ) might be a good place to start . i ' m not familiar with the group and there may be other species that look similar .
page 289 , greater scythebill campylorhamphus pucherani in accord with sacc , the greater scythebill is transferred to the new genus drymotoxeres , and placed in a new position in the linear sequence of genera , immediately following the wedge - billed woodcreeper glyphorynchus spirurus .
page 502 , miniature tit - babbler micromacronus leytensis in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , elevate subspecies micromacronus leytensis sordidus to species rank , with english name mindanao miniature - babbler . micromacronus leytensis becomes monotypic , and the english name changes to visayan miniature - babbler . we inadvertently used a different name , visayan tit - babbl er , in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will correct this error in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
9 . 1 in ( 23 cm ) ; 1 . 75 oz ( 50 g ) . elegant thrush - shaped bird with brown mantle , black mask , and yellow throat and underparts . sexes monomorphic . nominate subspecies , from the western part of the range , has an olive green nape and crown , while the two isolated eastern subspecies have brilliant dark blue napes and crowns instead . jiangxi population has a clear , brilliant yellow chest , while birds from yunan have yellowish gray chests .
page 506 , white - hooded babbler gampsorhynchus rufulus torquatus in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies gampsorhynchus rufulus torquatus is elevated to species rank , with english name collared babbler . subspecies gampsorhynchus rufulus saturatior also should be transferred to gampsorhynchus torquatus ( thus leaving white - hooded babbler gampsorhynchus rufulus as monotypic ) , but we failed to implement this change in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will correct this mistake in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
the orange - billed babbler lives in flocks of seven to ten or more . it is a noisy bird , and the presence of a flock may generally be known at some distance by the continual chattering , squeaking and chirping produced by its members . it is usually the first sign that a mixed - species feeding flock , so characteristic of asian wet forests , is in the vicinity . it feeds mainly on insects , but also eats jungle berries .
page 30 , anas flavirostris altipetens anas flavirostris andium we announced in the updates and corrections of clements 6 . 4 that subspecies altipetens and andium were split from yellow - billed teal ( anas flavirostris ) to form a new species , andean teal ( anas andium ) . in the clements checklist 6 . 4 spreadsheet , we erected andean teal ( anas andium ) as a species , but we failed to change the species name of the two subspecies . this oversight is corrected in clements checklist 6 . 5 : andean teal anas andium altipetens anas andium andium
parus fasciatus gambel , 1845 , monterey , california . six subspecies . while delacour long ago considered this species a babbler , many authorities have persisted in assigning it its own family or subfamily . however , the dna hybridization research
clear distinguishable patterns are observed to be emerging in the responses of avian community structure to habitat characteristics in study , and undoubtedly this variation resulted in avian assemblages specific to the degree of anthropogenic distribution along the elevational gradient of the forest [ 8 ] . at forest edge and the juxtaposition of the edge support higher number of avian species than the other interior habitat . despite the anthropophilic species such as brown - headed barbet , red - vented bulbul , and yellow - billed babbler [ 26 , 31 ] some forest loving birds such as sri lanka wood pigeon and emerald - collared parakeet [ 21 ] were observed to actively utilize resources available in these habitats . although these observations are from our area of study , avian assemblages were typical to other neighborhood study systems available in literature [ 15 , 32 , 33 ] .
page 480 , scarlet robin petroica multicolor in accord with raou , scarlet robin is split into two species : pacific robin ( petroica multicolor ) , including subspecies pusilla , feminina , similis , cognata , ambrynensis , soror , kleinschmidti , taveunensis , becki , polymorpha , septentrionalis , kulambangrae , dennisi , and multicolor ; and scarlet robin ( petrioca boodang ) , including subspecies campbelli , leggii , and boodang . page 481 , yellow robin eopsaltria australis in accord with raou , the english name is changed to eastern yellow robin . page 481 , gray - breasted robin eopsaltria griseogularis in accord with raou , the english name is changed to western yellow robin . page 481 , white - browed robin poecilodryas superciliosa in accord with raou , the two subspecies of white - browed robin are elevated to species rank : white - browed robin ( poecilodryas superciliosa ) and buff - sided robin ( poecilodyas cerviniventris ) .
following this , i worked as a research assistant for dr mandy ridley at the pied babbler project ( 2011 - 2013 ) . i carried out playback experiments and collected and analysed sound data from individuals and groups , throughout the breeding seasons .
ootacamund , nilgiri hills black - and - orange and nilgiri flycatchers , indian and nilgiri blue robins , black - chinned laughingthrush , indian scimitar babbler and nilgiri langur . also a chance of painted bush quail , nilgiri wood pigeon and forest wagtail .
of sibley and ahlquist suggests the wrentit is the only new world babbler , whose ancestors crossed the bering land bridge in the mid - miocene ( 15–20 million years ago ) . sibley and ahlquist do place it in its own tribe , chamaeini .
16 in ( 40 cm ) , 7 oz ( 200 g ) . elegantly proportioned bird of unmistakable appearance . head unfeathered , with unique black and orange - yellow skin pattern . eyes and powerful bill dark . mantle , wings , and tail black , or nearly so . neck and under - parts creamy white .
all five endangered babblers are primarily threatened by habitat loss . all are forest birds . two are philippine endemics : the flame - templed babbler ( stachyris speciosa ) occurs only on negros and panay , while the negros striped - babbler ( s . negrorum ) is entirely restricted to that severely deforested island . the remaining three depend on high - elevation forests : the nilgiri laughing thrush ( garrulax cachinnnans ) , one of many imperiled inhabitants of india ' s nilgiri hills , the white - throated mountain babbler ( kupeornis gilberti ) , known to science only since 1949 , restricted to several places in nigeria and cameroon , and the gray - crowned crocias ( crocias lang - bianis ) , rediscovered in 1994 after 56 years of no records , from a few locations in vietnam .
page 270 , straight - billed reedhaunter limnoctites rectirostris this species was placed in the genus limnornis in earlier editions of clements checklist . it was transferred to the genus limnotictes in the clements checklist 6 . 4 spreadsheet , in accord with sacc , but we did not acknowledge this change in taxonomy in the accompanying updates and corrections ( december 2009 ) .
page 502 , striped tit - babbler macronous gularis in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , elevate the bornensis group of subspecies ( zopherus , zaperissus , everetti , ruficoma , javanicus , montanus , bornensis , argenteus , and cagayanensis ) to species rank , as bold - striped tit - babbler macronous bornensis . the remaining subspecies are retained in macronous gularis , but the english name changes to pin - striped tit - babbler . subspecies macronous bornensis javanicus , which previously did not exist in the clements checklist in the gularis / bornensis complex , is a new addition ; but we later realized that macronous flavicollis javanicus surely represents the same taxon . we will resolve this discrepancy in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
early morning birding at cat tien . then transfer to di linh area , a fairly short drive away . the main birding site is the forested mountain pass known as deo suoi lanh . it ' s an excellent site for several specialties of the dalat highlands , notably white - crested laughingthrush , black - hooded laughingthrush , orange - breasted laughingthrush , and the near endemic black - crowned parrotbill . the first two laughingthrushes often travel in mixed flocks and are reliably seen . the orange - breasted laughingthrush is much more difficult . groups sometimes spend days looking along the road for it without success , as it is quite secretive and hard to find . our guide knows an out of the way locale not known to other guides where the bird is more possible . other birds of the di linh area include pin - tailed pigeon , silver - backed needletail , red - headed trogon , golden - throated barbet , indochinese green - magpie , black - throated tit , gray - faced tit - babbler , red - billed scimitar - babbler , and spot - necked babbler . it can also be good for raptors such as black eagle and rufous - winged buzzard . night at mai khanh hotel in di linh .
page 499 , mishmi wren - babbler spelaeornis badeigularis in accord with inskipp et al . ( 1996 ) , rasmussen and atherton ( 2005 ) , collar ( 2006a ) , and many other sources , the english name is changed from mishmi wren - babbler to rusty - throated wren - babbler . references : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 . inskipp , t . , n . lindsey , and w . duckworth . 1996 . an annotated checklist of the birds of the oriental region . oriental bird club , sandy , united kingdom . rasmussen , p . c . , and j . c . atherton . 2005 . birds of south asia : the ripley guide . smithsonian institution and lynx edicions , washington d . c . and barcelona , spain .
page 147 , dusky - billed parrotlet forpus sclateri in accord with sacc , change the scientific name of dusky - billed parrotlet from forpus sclateri to forpus modestus . the respective subspecies name changes are : forpus sclateri eidos becomes forpus modestus modestus forpus sclateri sclateri becomes forpus modestus sclateri page 147 , orange - chinned parakeet brotogeris jugularis in accord with sacc , the orange - chinned parakeet should be moved to a new position in the linear sequence of species of brotogeris parakeets . we intended to position orange - chinned parakeet immediately following gray - cheeked parakeet brotogeris pyrrhoptera , but we failed to implement this change in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet . we will correct this oversight in the next round of revisions to clements checklist .
all day birding limestone forest . key target species include brown hornbill , red - collared woodpecker , limestone leaf warbler , and sooty babbler . also possible is tonkin partridge . there is a good chance of seeing the endangered ha tinh langur as well . night at accommodations in the park .
page 498 , limestone wren - babbler napothera crispifrons in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , napothera crispifrons is transferred to the genus gypsophila . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
paleontology has , thus far , not served to clarify the origins and relationships of babblers , the only fossils being a middle pleistocene example of the modern species , the arabian babbler ( turdoides squamiceps ) . dna research seems to support asian origins in the oligocene , about 40 million years ago .
nearly a century ago , ernst hartert , curator of the incredible rothschild collection of preserved birds , observed :
what can ' t be classified is regarded as a babbling thrush .
in the opinions of many of today ' s ornithologists , hartert then proceeded to confuse matters further . the convoluted history of babbler classification is well treated in sibley and ahlquist ' s phylogeny and classification of birds , and the reader is best referred to that book . suffice it to say that exactly what a babbler is , and how it should be classified , has been , and remains , a controversy among ornithologists .
page 318 , thrush - like schiffornis ( southern ) schiffornis turdina [ turdina group ] with the recognition of a number of new groups within thrush - like schiffornis , the “southern” group now is restricted to include just three subspecies : steinbachi , intermedia , and turdina . page 586 , tooth - billed catbird ailuroedus dentirostris in accord with raou , this species is transferred to the genus scenopoeetes .
page 498 , luzon wren - babbler napothera rabori in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies napothera rabori sorsogonensis is elevated to species rank , with english name gray - banded babbler . subspecies napothera rabori mesoluzonica also should be transferred to napothera sorsogonensis , but we failed to implement this change in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will correct this mistake in the next edition . additionally , in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , the two philippine species of napothera are transferred to a newly - described genus , robsonius . finally , collar also recommended changing the english name of robsonius rabori to “ rusty - faced babbler . ” we failed to implement this change to the english name in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will correct this oversight in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
page 700 , slender - billed white - eye zosterops tenuirostris stenurus in accord with raou , subspecies zosterops tenuirostris strenuus is elevated to species rank , with english name robust white - eye . this species is extinct ; the year of extinction is 1923 . also note that the spelling of the species name is “ strenuus , ” not “ stenurus ; ” we will correct this error in the next edition .
8 in ( 20 cm ) . striking bird reminiscent of new world thrashers ( mimidae ) . bright chestnut mantle , flanks , and vent . brownish primaries and tail . white chest and throat . remainder of head black , except for well - defined white eyebrow . long curving bill bright yellow , with black at rear of upper mandible , extending along part of culmen . legs gray . melodious voice .
my research interests are centred on avian social and breeding behaviour , and during the course of my phd ( supervised by dr . matt bell & dr . per smiseth ) i hope to investigate intra - and interspecific signalling and communication in the southern pied babbler . utilising playback and feeding experiments i aim to ascertain the amount of information use by babblers in a social context .
insects are the core of babbler diets . some species appear to feed exclusively on them , while many also eat fruit , other invertebrates , and small frogs and reptiles . as with any huge family , there have evolved some peculiar specialists . while the bearded reedling feeds vigorously on insects for most of the year , and rears its young entirely on them , it subsists on seeds during the winter , its digestive tract making remarkable adjustments to this change in diet . as one might expect , the desert - adapted arabian babbler will eat practically anything . on the other hand , the fire - tailed myzornis ( myzornis pyyrhoura ) has come to resemble a hummingbird or sunbird , consuming nectar with its insects , and becoming a pollinator in the process .
14 in ( 35 cm ) , 7 . 7 oz ( 220 g ) . appears obviously related to preceding species , but markedly distinct . uniquely beautiful blue , black , and red pattern of bare skin on head , blue extending to base of bill . neck , mantle , back , and tail gray . a patch of black bristles on crown , and short ruff at base of bald head , can be erected when bird is excited . primaries black ; underparts pale yellow .
delacour ' s description fits most of the forest - dwelling babblers fairly well . it is in other sorts of habitat that particularly interesting variations have evolved . the arabian babbler ( turdoides squamiceps ) , of the semi - desert , with its highly developed
tribal
social system , and the semi - aquatic bearded reedling ( panurus biarmicus ) of the marshes , are two striking examples .
morning back at ta nung valley . afternoon birding higher elevation roadside near lake area of hotuyen lam . this site features birds such as red - vented barbet , gray - capped woodpecker , sooty - headed bulbul , black bulbul , chestnut - capped babbler , mountain fulvetta , snowy - browed flycatcher , gray bushchat , fire - breasted flowerpecker , and gould ' s sunbird . night at dreams hotel .
collar , n . & robson , c . ( 2018 ) . spiny babbler ( acanthoptila nipalensis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
morning birding in bach ma national park looking for the endemic annam partridge and the near endemic short - tailed scimitar - babbler . also possible are brown hornbill , silver - breasted broadbill , blue - rumped pitta , bar - bellied pitta , indochinese green - magpie , and black - browed fulvetta . after lunch transfer to phong nha - ke bang national park , arriving by dark . night at accommodations in the park .
at the moment i am a second - year phd candidate in a joint supervision program ( cotutelle ) between tel aviv university , israel and macquarie university , sydney , australia , and i also work as the director of the arava birding center in the dead sea & arava science centre . my thesis title is
the effect of group size and composition on individual behaviour , group dynamics and population regulation in the arabian babbler (
) . to explore these relationships i conduct field experiments and observations on individual foraging success , foraging strategies and self versus social learning . together with this fieldwork i use the uniquely detailed 40 - year arabian babbler database to analyze long - term demographic effects . this database work involves finding what social or environmental factors promote group growth or extinction , and identifying critical group size effects in relation to eviction , dispersal and reproductive conflict behaviour .
page 490 , yellow - throated laughingthrush garrulax galbanus courtoisi in accord with collar ( 2006a ) , subspecies garrulax galbanus courtoisi is elevated to species rank , with english name blue - crowned laughingthrush . subspecies garrulax galbanus simaoensis also should be transferred to garrula courtoisi , but we failed to implement this change in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet ; we will correct this mistake in the next edition . reference : collar , n . j . 2006a . a partial revision of the asian babblers ( timaliidae ) . forktail 22 : 85 - 112 .
day 15 : bach ma national park to ho chi minh city via hue a full morning for birding at bach ma national park . target species here include the near - endemic indochinese wren - babbler , silver pheasant , long - tailed & silver - breasted broadbills , indochinese green magpie , ratchet - tailed treepie , masked , lesser - necklaced & black - throated laughingthrushes . in the afternoon transfer to hue airport for the short flight to ho chi minh city to connect with international flight to europe .
periyar np nilgiri langur , oriental darter , black baza , malabar trogon , great and malabar grey hornbills , white - bellied treepie , asian fairy bluebird and indian scimitar babbler , as well as nilgiri langur . also a chance of heart - spotted woodpecker , indian pitta , orange - headed thrush , wynaad laughingthrush , forest wagtail , asian elephant , gaur , leopard and rusty - spotted cats , sloth bear , dhole , indian crested porcupine , and oriental small - clawed and smooth - coated otters .
the indian subcontinent , including sri lanka , is another babbler stronghold , and 131 species are recorded there . the majority are birds of the himalayas , shared with china , but a number are endemic to peninsular india or sri lanka . in the middle east , babblers are represented by three species of turdoides . europe , including the united kingdom , share the bearded reedling ( panurus biarmicus ) with temperate asia . finally , on the pacific coast of north america is the wrentit ( chamaea fasciata ) .
i possess a great passion for scientific research and conservation . having interned at the pied babbler research project in 2009 , i jumped at the opportunity to study the behavioural and physiological effects of temperature on pied babblers for my master’s degree . this research was especially fascinating as it combined components of multiple disciplines ( climate change , avian biology , behavioural ecology , physiology , and conservation biology ) to answer conservation questions . my supervisors on this project included : amanda ridley , rowan martin , susan cunningham , and phil hockey .
after arrival transfer to cat tien national park , about 3 hours drive on somewhat congested roads . then birding near the park headquarters and accommodations , where coppersmith barbet , lesser yellownape , red - breasted parakeet , common woodshrike , ashy woodswallow , common iora , greater racket - tailed drongo , buff - breasted babbler , tickell ' s blue flycatcher , and common hill myna are possible . the trees behind the park buildings harbor a local group of endangered black - shanked douc langurs . night in accomodations within the park near park entrance .
page 369 , yellow - eyed cuckoo - shrike coracina lineata in accord with raou , change the english name to barred cuckoo - shrike . page 372 , white - shouldered triller lalage sueurii white - winged triller lalage tricolor in accord with raou , white - winged and white - shouldered trillers are lumped into a single species , white - winged triller lalage sueurii . both former species still maintain an identity as groups : white - winged triller ( white - shouldered ) lalage sueurii sueurii white - winged triller ( white - winged ) lalage sueurii tricolor page 375 , gray - chinned minivet pericrocotus solaris deignani correct a typographic error in the range statement : change “a vietnam” to “s vietnam . ”
early morning drive out to grasslands area where green peafowl commonly forage in the open . bird along the jeep track looking for other species such as red junglefowl , oriental darter , red - wattled lapwing , oriental pratincole , red - collared dove , barred cuckoo - dove , lesser coucal , white - throated kingfisher , chestnut - headed bee - eater , indian roller , black - and - buff woodpecker , collared falconet , thick - billed flycatcher , and scarlet - backed flowerpecker . there ' s a good chance of seeing woolly - necked storks flying overhad and some chance of seeing the rare lesser adjutant . at dusk look for great - eared nightjar and large - tailed nightjar . night at accommodations near park entrance .
pages 269 - 270 , cinclodes cinclodes in accord with sacc , the sequence of species in the genus cinclodes is rearranged . the new sequence of species is as follows : long - tailed cinclodes cinclodes pabsti blackish cinclodes cinclodes antarcticus buff - winged cinclodes cinclodes fuscus chestnut - winged cinclodes cinclodes albidiventris cordoba cinclodes cinclodes comechingonus cream - winged cinclodes cinclodes albiventris olrog’s cinclodes cinclodes olrogi stout - billed cinclodes cinclodes excelsior royal cinclodes cinclodes aricomae white - winged cinclodes cinclodes atacamensis white - bellied cinclodes cinclodes palliatus gray - flanked cinclodes cinclodes oustaleti dark - bellied cinclodes cinclodes patagonicus surf cinclodes cinclodes taczanowskii seaside cinclodes cinclodes nigrofumosus we failed to implement this change in the clements checklist 6 . 5 spreadsheet , however , but we will correct this oversight in the next revision .
using the sentinel system of the babblers i will investigate whether they make adjustments to personal contributions this public good given the state of others , and also investigate whether alarm caller reliability is monitored by other group members . additionally i intend to explore the role of vocalisations in the context of nestling provisioning , investigating whether nestling provisioners transfer information from the nest site to the foraging group , which may be several hundred metres away . finally , i will be undertaking observational work to see which other bird species may be found around babbler groups , and exploring whether the babblers utilise information from heterospecific sources when making foraging decisions using playback experiments .
morning back at deo suoi lanh looking for species listed above . mid - day transfer to dalat , a tourist mecca with numerous western style hotels and restaurants . afternoon birding ta tung valley outside dalat . this valley is mostly an open area down a gravel road adjacent to a local farm . the main target bird there is gray - crowned crocias , which is sometimes easily seen and sometimes quite challenging to find . other interesting birds there include green - billed malkoha , greater coucal , indochinese barbet , green - backed tit , chestnut - vented nuthatch , hill prinia , black - crowned parrotbill , black - headed sibia , rufous - backed sibia , asian fairy - bluebird , verditer flycatcher , blue - winged leafbird , black - throated sunbird , and vietnamese greenfinch . night at dreams hotel in dalat .
fourteen island endemics , seven restricted to the philippines , are included among the 39 near threatened species , and of the remainder , nine occur only in the malay peninsula , sumatra , and borneo . again , loss of habitat , in often restricted ranges , is the cause for their designation . finally , there is one categorized as data deficient , the miniature titbabbler ( micromacronus leytensis ) , at 3 in ( 7 . 6 cm ) , the smallest babbler . restricted to the philippine islands of leyte , samar , and mindanao , it is a forest - dependent species in a land of increasing deforestation , and has remained rare , and little known since its discovery in 1961 .
i am now a phd student at macquarie university , sydney , under the supervision of dr amanda ridley , dr matt bell and a / prof simon griffith . my current work on the southern pied babbler is looking at how group members recognise one another and the implications this has for their social behaviour . using a series of playback experiments i am investigating whether they are able to individually recognise each other’s vocalisation . i also look at when group member recognition develops in young birds , a factor which may be crucial in explaining life history events such as kidnapping . in addition i look at how responses to the vocalisations of previously familiar individuals change over varying periods of continued separation . this may help to explain observations of prospecting and dispersal in this species . other work includes looking at whether the pied babblers are able to recognise kin and how this is affecting their social interactions with neighbouring groups .
cat tien national park features a variety of habitats including primary and secondary lowland tropical forest , wetlands , lakes , and open grassland . the first day will focus on forest birds along the track leading to crocodile lake . the primary target birds are scaly - breasted partridge and germain ' s peacock - pheasant . the former is especially secretive , while the latter is most easily seen when calling . other key species orange - breasted trogon , great hornbill , blue - eared barbet , blue - rumped pitta , bar - bellied pitta , ashy minivet , blyth ' s paradise - flycatcher , black - headed bulbul , ochraceous bulbul , gray - faced tit - babbler , and blue - winged leafbird . a dozen woodpeckers are possible including laced woodpecker , heart - spotted woodpecker , and great slaty woodpecker , and three broadbills are possible , namely black - and - red broadbill , long - tailed broadbill , and silver - breasted broadbill . night at accommodations near park entrance .
southern india endemics grey junglefowl , grey - fronted ( pompadour ) green pigeon , nilgiri wood pigeon , malabar parakeet , malabar grey hornbill , malabar ( crimson - fronted ) and white - cheeked barbets , white - bellied treepie , malabar ( large ) woodshrike , malabar lark , white - spotted ( white - throated ) fantail , indian ( chestnut - bellied ) nuthatch , flame - throated ( black - crested ) and grey - headed bulbuls , black - and - orange and nilgiri flycatchers , white - bellied blue flycatcher , nilgiri blue and white - bellied blue robins ( both formerly white - bellied shortwing ) , malabar whistling thrush , black - chinned ( nilgiri ) and grey - breasted ( kerala ) laughingthrushes , ( indian ) rufous babbler , malabar white - headed ( chestnut - tailed ) starling , nilgiri ( plain ) flowerpecker , crimson - backed sunbird , nilgiri pipit and rufous - bellied ( black - throated ) munia . also a chance of broad - tailed grassbird and wynaad laughingthrush .
for so diverse a group of birds , generalizations are difficult . as did bertram smythies in the first edition of this encyclopedia , one cannot do better than to quote jean delacour , from his monumental 1946 monograph of the babblers :
they move restlessly among twigs and on the ground ; they hop about and dig among fallen leaves . usually they live in the undergrowth , sometimes on the ground among dense plant growth , fallen branches , climbers and evergreen trees , where they can be observed searching for berries and insects . while doing so , they move busily , flutter the wings a great deal , wag their tails and utter noisy calls . as rule , they are loud and varied vocally , hence the name babbler , for they are virtually never quiet . some sing very well and their full melodies ring out far . outside the breeding season , they move about in small troops . often they join with other birds into the mixed flocks characteristic of tropical forest , all seeking food together .
the first online digital theses library covering more than 1000 theses in sanskrit , malayalam , hindi and english the digitilization project done for the mahatma gandhi university , kerala , india commemorating 25 year of achievement . website © copyright mahatma gandhi university and beehive digital concepts
natural vocalization ; song from a pair of birds ( part of a larger flock of the species ) moving low through small trees at the edge of hotel grounds near second growth forest .
this bird is moving all the time ! l ' oiseau change souvent de place .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : turdoides affinis . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be locally common ( grewal et al . 2002 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any current declines or substantial threats .
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song complex , varied , rich and full of mimicry , consisting of series of alternating , quickly . . .
mainly insects . in one long - term study , 2295 food items ( from 316 birds ) consisted of 86 % invertebrates and 14 % fruit and seeds ; beetles ( . . .
apr–jun . nest a deep cup of grass , placed in small bush or built into sturdy grass clump . clutch 3–4 eggs , pale blue ; nestlings . . .
not globally threatened . restricted - range species : present in central himalayas eba . frequent and locally fairly common within patchy range ; possibly extends at w of range . . .
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recently split from a broader timaliidae . to date , traditionally recognized genera cutia , kupeornis , phyllanthus , turdoides , garrulax , babax ( now in garrulax ) , heterophasia , leiothrix , minla , liocichla and actinodura have been recovered as members of a clade separate from those now placed in timaliidae or pellorneidae ; however , garrulax , actinodura , minla , heterophasia and turdoides , as typically circumscribed , have also been discovered to be polyphyletic . as a result , genetic data available to date # r # r # r # r # r ( many species have not been screened ) can be interpreted in various ways , permitting for a smaller number of larger genera , or many more genera characterized by fewer species , so listing presented here is provisional and dependent on additional molecular data for most of the as yet untested taxa . family name has been spelt in variety of different ways ; above is the original spelling , which is correctly formed and so must be used # r .


anarta myrtilli , the beautiful yellow underwing , is a moth in the noctuidae family .

it is found in most of europe including scandinavia , britain , france , germany , switzerland , spain , portugal , italy , and russia .

the wingspan is 20 – 22 mm .

forewing dull dark fuscous purple , with the lines slightly paler ; the stigmata obscure ; a subtriangular whitish blotch on base of vein 2 ; hindwing orange with broad black terminal border ; the costa and inner margin narrowly black and the base of wing often smoky blackish ; this , the type form , occurring in sweden , the north of england and scotland , and other northern localities is very different from the usual bright red form , which is the ab . rufescens tutt .

in this the forewing is a mixture of bright red , and olive brown or olive yellow ; the transverse lines being more or less strongly whitish , the stigmata red brown with pale rings , and the white spot on vein 2 distinct ; ab . peralbata ab .

nov. [ warren ] is an extreme form of this , in which the white lines are strongly developed , : and the central area is milk white from costa to inner margin , including the white blotch on vein 2 ; in the hindwing the yellow is ampler , the black of the costal , and inner margins and the basal suffusion being reduced ; - ab.albivena haw. , described from east anglian specimens , has the forewing suffused with olive brown , wing remaining normal ; while in alpina ractzer not only is the forewing olive brown , but the hindwing shows only a dull yellowish median band crossed by black veins ; - and again in olivacea fuchs the yellow of the hindwing is suffused with olive brown , while the coloration of the forewing remains of the normal bright red ; in ab . nigrescens ab .

nov. [ warren ] occurring at hyeres , s.france , the usual red fusion is almost entirely replaced by black ; lastly , in subsp. citrina subsp. nov. [ warren ] ] from cintra , portugal , the whole forewing is suffused with blackish , leaving only the white blotch on vein 2 conspicuous , and the orange of the hindwing , both above and below , is pale lemon yellow ; as the insect is decidedly larger than average typical myrtilli , it may prove a distinct species ; at present i have seen only one - taken in the spring of 1909 by mr - n. c. rothschild , and now in the tring museum .

adults are on wing between may to august depending on the location .

there are probably two generations per year .

the larvae feed on calluna vulgaris and erica tetralix .

anarta myrtilli

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
kanervakangasyökkönen
to
anarta myrtilli linnaeus 1761
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beautiful yellow underwing ( anarta myrtilli ) - norfolk moths - the macro and micro moths of norfolk .
hans - martin braun added the german common name
heidekrauteule
to
anarta myrtilli linnaeus 1761
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hans - martin braun added the german common name
heidekrauteulchen
to
anarta myrtilli linnaeus 1761
.
hans - martin braun added the german common name
heidekraut - bunteule
to
anarta myrtilli linnaeus 1761
.
hans - martin braun added the german common name
heidekraut - bunteulchen
to
anarta myrtilli linnaeus 1761
.
habitat : anarta myrtilli inhabits sunny calluna locations as heath bogs , silicate calluna heaths in the mountains or sandy heaths in the plane .
endangerment factors : in the lowlands , for example in the upper rhine valley , anarta myrtilli has already lost almost all locations as a result of the intensification of agriculture and the increasingly rampant overbuilding by industry , transportation routes and settlements . in the mountains , anarta myrtilli is currently threatened even less , though here also constantly habitat area is lost by reforestation , ski runs and other tourist facilities . in the northern black forest anarta myrtilli could benefit from the storm areas in recent decades , but that is currently canceled again with their gradual overgrowth .
remarks : anarta myrtilli is quite widespread in europe as a whole , but lacks many landscapes completely ( limestone areas , etc . ) . in the south , it is still more local and is missing e . g . in southern italy or greece .
id : forewing ground colour reddish - brown or brownish - grey , marbled greyish - white ; white blotch at dorsal margin of oval ; hindwing yellow with a broad black termen and narrow black costal and dorsal margins . anarta cordigera ( small dark yellow underwing ) has a dark grey forewing ground colour and a conspicuous white - edged kidney mark .
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gaden s . robinson , phillip r . ackery , ian j . kitching , george w . beccaloni and luis m . hernández
records of caterpillar hostplants are scattered through published and manuscript sources worldwide and are difficult to retrieve . many rearing records are never published and so are not accessible to other entomologists . but collected hostplant records form a valuable scientific resource that can be used eventually to answer broader biological questions about how lepidoptera and plants interact ( eg , letourneau , hagen & robinson , 2001 ) . it provides information of immediate relevance to agriculture , ecology , forestry , conservation and taxonomy .
hosts brings together an enormous body of information on what the world ' s butterfly and moth ( lepidoptera ) caterpillars eat . the web - based version presented here offers a synoptic data set drawn from about 180 , 000 records comprising taxonomically ' cleaned ' hostplant data for about 22 , 000 lepidoptera species drawn from about 1600 published and manuscript sources . it is not ( and cannot be ) exhaustive , but it is probably the best and most comprehensive compilation of hostplant data available .
we hope that it will be useful to a wide range of biologists and that it will act as a spur to further recording and analysis of caterpillar - plant interactions .
hosts can be searched in two ways , using text search and drill - down search modes .
in text search mode , use either lepidoptera or hostplant criteria or a combination of the two . hosts operates only using scientific names . it is not possible to search for the hostplants of the red admiral butterfly but a search for hostplants using its scientific name , vanessa atalanta , will be successful . enter the generic name ( vanessa ) in the - lepidoptera criteria - genus box ; enter atalanta in the species : box ; click search .
hint : leave the ' starts with ' command as the default and in the species entry box omit the last few letters of the species - name ( eg , atalant ) . this will get around the problem of variable gender - endings . hosts uses original orthography of species - group names as far as possible , but some checklists follow the convention of altering the species - group name to accord with the presumed gender of the generic name ( eg flava , flavus ) .
restrict or refine searches using additional criteria ; choosing ' usa ' from the drop - down location box and entering [ starts with ] ' urt ' in the hostplant family box will return hostplant records of vanessa atalanta from urticaceae in the usa .
hint : restricting location may deliver a very incomplete subset of records : in the previous example all records specified as from the nearctic region ( usa + canada ) would be missed .
drill - down search mode allows the user to home in from the starting - point of either the lepidoptera or the plant family . choose a family group from the drop - down box and allow time for all genera of that family in the database to load to the genus drop - down box ; choose a genus and wait for the species to load . the search button can be pressed at any time , but the record delivery limit may be exceeded at higher taxonomic levels . drill - down search allows the user to see by scrolling all the taxa that are represented in the database . following the previous example , choose nymphalidae , then choose vanessa from the genus drop - down box and then atalanta from the ten possible species of vanessa included in hosts .
the preliminary search results pages give family , genus and species of the caterpillar and its hostplant . note that many hostplants are recorded as a plant genus only . clicking the caterpillar name will give the full record . the full record listing gives , additionally , the author of the lepidoptera species , subspecific information on the insect and the plant , if available , together with details of larval damage . laboratory rearings where the food utilised may not be the natural hostplant are indicated . the status of the record ( whether considered true , erroneous or suspect ) is not currently implemented in this version of hosts .
leguminosae ( c ) - caesalpinioideae . leguminosae ( m ) - mimosoideae . leguminosae ( p ) - papilionoideae .
all lepidoptera groups are covered and subspecific taxa are differentiated . the original source of the record , original form of the names used ( prior to taxonomic ' cleaning ' and standardisation of nomenclature ) and validation and verification fields are not included . this information is , however , retained in the databases used to generate this site . while we have included species that do not feed on green plants , the known food substrates of these are not listed exhaustively . such species comprise detritophages and predators and include , for example , most tineidae and the stored - products pests . the published compilations from hosts ( see more detail - publications from hosts ) include record status and the sources of all records .
detailed published compilations from hosts are available in press . these books give greater detail than the website , together with comprehensive cross - indexes , record status and full bibliographies . they are indispensable tools for naturalists and professional entomologists .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2001 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the oriental region . 744 pp .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2002 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of america north of mexico . 824 pp . [ memoirs of the american entomological institute , volume 69 . ]
beccaloni , g . w . , viloria , a . l . , hall , s . k . & robinson , g . s . 2008 . catalogue of the hostplants of the neotropical butterflies / catálogo de las plantas huésped de las mariposas neotropicales . m3m - monografías tercer milenio , volume 8 . zaragoza , spain : sociedad entomológica aragonesa ( sea ) / red iberoamericana de biogeografía y entomología sistemática ( ribes ) / ciencia y tecnología para el desarrollo ( cyted ) / natural history museum , london , u . k . ( nhm ) / instituto venezolano de investigaciones científicas , venezuela ( ivic ) . 1 - 536 pp . , 1 fig , 3 tabs .
gaden robinson was responsible for the overall project design and management of the hosts database , and for records of lepidoptera exclusive of butterflies and bombycoid moths . phillip ackery and george beccaloni were responsible for butterfly data , including data drawn from card catalogues developed by ackery , whilst ian kitching was responsible for hostplant data of bombycoid moths . luis m . hernández was responsible for abstracting in the latter two years of the project and for development of the bibliography for the hardcopy versions of the data .
we are extremely grateful to the many people who contributed their own rearing records of lepidoptera or personal accumulations of data for inclusion in the hosts database , particularly mike bigger ( uk ) , john w . brown ( usa ) , chris conlan ( usa ) , rob ferber ( usa ) , konrad fiedler ( germany ) , jeremy holloway ( uk ) , frank hsu ( usa ) , jurie intachat ( malaysia ) , alec mcclay ( canada ) , bill palmer ( australia ) , pierre plauzoles ( usa ) and the generous individuals who contributed rearing records through the worldwideweb and who are known to us only as an email address .
we are particularly grateful to julian donahue and the los angeles county museum of natural history for allowing us to include data on microlepidoptera from the card catalogue prepared by the late j . a . comstock and c . henne , and for access to manuscript records by noel mcfarland .
marian fricano ( santa clara university ) and aileen giovanello ( clark university , international internship 1996 ) made substantial contributions of abstracted data ; fran love ( north carolina ) painstakingly checked scanned texts and reformatted them for import to paradox .
much of the immense task of data abstracting and entry from printed and manuscript sources as well as preliminary editing and name - checking was carried out by volunteers . many of these were school students on work - experience placements during 1993 - 2000 from , initially , the coopers ' company and coborn school , upminster , and later from other schools in greater london : christopher andrewes , simon bennett ( 1994 nhm vacation studentship ) , steven bond , michael brownlow , emma causer , laurence cooper , ailsa cranfield ( 1998 nuffield studentship ) , emily dwiar , andrew enever , jane feehan , madeleine ferry , max friedman , edward gold , jennifer hodgkinson , christopher joint , fateha khatun ( 1996 nuffield studentship ) , james lowe , louisa marchant , gemma millward , christopher milne , carolyn oughton , william perkins , rebecca reith , eleanor resheph , clare sambidge , neil shaftain , stephen sloan , helen stevens , samuel tarry , david taylor and thomas yeatman .
we are indebted to all our helpers for their diligence , accuracy and patience , and for their unswerving faith that this daunting project would reach a conclusion .
our colleagues here and overseas provided substantial help , advice and assistance with the checking of names of lepidoptera and with many other aspects of this project : kim and david goodger and jeremy holloway ( macrolepidoptera families ) , martin honey ( noctuoidea ) , brian pitkin ( computing ) , malcolm scoble and linda pitkin ( geometroidea ) , klaus sattler ( gelechioidea ) , michael shaffer ( pyraloidea , thyridoidea , pterophoroidea ) , alma solis ( usda , washington - pyraloidea ) , fernley symons ( oxford university - technical support ) and kevin tuck ( tortricoidea ) . julie harvey and the staff of the bmnh entomology and general libraries provided sterling support in locating obscure source material and intuitively correcting bowdlerized references .
we thank the trustees of the loke wan tho memorial foundation for their generous support for this project .
robinson , g . s . , p . r . ackery , i . j . kitching , g . w . beccaloni & l . m . hernández , 2010 . hosts - a database of the world ' s lepidopteran hostplants . natural history museum , london . urltoken . ( accessed : 18 aug . 2010 ) .
brummitt , r . k . 1992 . vascular plant families and genera . [ vi ] + 804 pp . , royal botanic gardens , kew .
kartesz , j . t . 1994 . a synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the unites states , canada and greenland . timber press , portland . 1 , checklist , lxi + 622 pp ; 2 , thesaurus , vii + 816 pp .
kitching , i . j . & cadiou , j . - m . 2000 . hawkmoths of the world : an annotated and illustrated revsionary checklist . xx + 500 pp . , cornell university press , ithaca .
kitching , i . j . & rawlins , j . e . 1999 . the noctuoidea . pp . 355 - 401 . in : kristensen , n . p . ( ed . ) lepidoptera , moths and butterflies . 1 . evolution , systematics and biogeography . handbook of zoology , 4 ( 35 ) . lepidoptera . x + 491 pp . de gruyter , berlin .
letourneau , d . k . , hagen , j . a . & robinson , g . s . 2001 . bt crops : evaluating benefits under cultivation and risks from escaped transgenes in the wild . pp . 33 - 98 . in : letourneau , d . k . & burrows , b . e . ( eds ) , genetically engineered organisms : assessing environmental and human health effects . [ viii ] + 438 pp . , crc press , boca raton .
mabberley , d . j . 1987 . the plant book . a portable dictionary of the higher plants . xii + 707 pp . , cambridge university press . [ the 1993 reprint edition is currently used in editing . ]
nielsen , e . s . , edwards , e . d . & rangsi , t . v . ( eds ) 1996 . checklist of the lepidoptera of australia . monographs on australian lepidoptera . 4 . xiv + 529 pp . , csiro , melbourne .
nye , i . w . b . ( ed . ) 1975 - 91 . the generic names of moths of the world . 1 : 568 pp . ( noctuoidea ( part ) - nye , i . w . b . , 1975 ) ; 2 : xiv + 228 pp . ( noctuoidea ( part ) - watson , a . , fletcher , d . s . & nye , i . w . b . , 1980 ) ; 3 : xx + 243 pp . ( geometroidea - fletcher , d . s . , 1979 ) ; 4 : xiv + 192 pp . ( bombycoidea to zygaenoidea - fletcher , d . s . & nye , i . w . b . , 1982 ) ; 5 : xv + 185 pp . ( pyraloidea - fletcher , d . s . & nye , 1984 ) ; 6 : xxix + 368 pp . ( microlepidoptera - nye , i . w . b . & fletcher , d . s . , 1991 ) . british museum ( natural history ) / the natural history museum , london .
rawlins , j . e . 1984 . mycophagy in lepidoptera . pp . 382 - 483 . in : wheeler , q . & blackwell , m . ( eds ) fungus - insect relationships . perspectives in ecology and evolution . 514 pp . , columbia university press .
robinson , g . s . 1999 . hosts - a database of the hostplants of the world ' s lepidoptera . nota lepidopterologica , 22 : 35 - 47 .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2001 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the oriental region . 744 pp . southdene sdn bhd , kuala lumpur .
robinson , g . s . , ackery , p . r . , kitching , i . j . , beccaloni , g . w . & hernández , l . m . 2002 . hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of america north of mexico . memoirs of the american entomological institute , 69 : 1 - 824 .
scoble , m . j . ( ed . ) 1999 . a taxonomic catalogue to the geometridae of the world ( insecta : lepidoptera ) . 2 vols . csiro publications , melbourne .
royal botanic garden edinburgh dipterocarpaceae database : http : / / 193 . 62 . 154 . 38 / diptero /
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a quite small species , with a wingspan of only around 25mm , this is a diurnal moth , flying freely in warm sunshine , but tending to rest when the sun goes in .
frequenting acid moorland , there are probably two generations in the south , with moths on the wing from may to august . in the north it flies in june and july .
it has a scattered distribution over most of britain , and the larvae feed mainly on heather ( calluna ) .
ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .
the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .
looking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .
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life cycle : the moths fly in one or ( usually ) two generations from april to early september . the caterpillar lives from the summer to october also open on the plant during the day , but well camouflaged . the pupa overwinters .
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fw : 10 - 12mm ; apr - aug in south , jun - jul in north , diurnal ; common heather ( calluna vulgaris ) , bell heather ( erica cinerea ) ; common in heath and moor throughout gb .
§1 new forest , hampshire ; 31 / 08 / 2013 ; male ; fw 10 . 6mm §2 duddon moss , cumbria ; 22 / 07 / 2016 ; female ; fw 10 . 0mm ; netted by day all images © chris lewis
recorded in 18 ( 26 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1873 . last recorded in 2018 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018