horned lizards are a genus ( phrynosoma ) of lizards which are the type genus of the subfamily phrynosomatinae .

the horned lizard has been affectionately called a " horny toad " , or " horned frog " , though they are not moist-skinned toads or frogs .

the common names come from the lizard 's flattened , rounded body and blunt snout , which make it resemble a toad or frog ( phrynosoma means " toad-bodied " ) , as well as its tendency , in common with larger true frogs and toads , to move sluggishly , making them easy to hand-catch ( such slow , undramatic movements may also avoid triggering attacks by predators , discussed later in this article ) .

they are totally adapted to desert areas .

the spines on its back and sides are made from modified reptile scales which prevent the water loss through the skin , whereas the horns on the heads are true horns ( i.e. they have a bony core ) .

of 15 species of horned lizards in north america , eight are native to the united states .

the largest-bodied and most widely distributed of the us species is the texas horned lizard .

horned lizards use a wide variety of means to avoid predation .

their coloration generally serves as camouflage .

when threatened , their first defense is to remain still to avoid detection .

if approached too closely , they generally run in short bursts and stop abruptly to confuse the predator 's visual acuity .

if this fails , they puff up their bodies to cause them to appear more horned and larger , so that they are more difficult to swallow .

at least eight species ( p. asio , p. cornutum , p. coronatum , p. ditmarsi , p. hernandesi , p. orbiculare , p. solare , and p. taurus ) are also able to squirt an aimed stream of blood from the corners of the eyes for a distance of up to 5 feet ( 1.5 m ) .

they do this by restricting the blood flow leaving the head , thereby increasing blood pressure and rupturing tiny vessels around the eyelids .

this not only confuses predators , but also the blood tastes foul to canine and feline predators .

it appears to have no effect against predatory birds .

only three closely related species ( p. mcallii , p. modestum , and p. platyrhinos ) are certainly known to be unable to squirt blood .

to avoid being picked up by the head or neck , a horned lizard ducks or elevates its head and orients its cranial horns straight up , or back .

if a predator tries to take it by the body , the lizard drives that side of its body down into the ground so the predator can not easily get its lower jaw underneath .

horned lizard

what is a horned lizard ? : the horned lizard conservation society ( hlcs ) .
tcu folks embrace the horned frog as their quirky symbol . but do they actually mean horned lizard ?
the purpose of the corporation is to document and publicize the values and conservation needs of horned lizards , to promote horned lizard conservation projects and to assist with horned lizard management initiatives throughout their ranges .
the texas horned lizard rarely lives up to that scary stereotype , experts say .
a horned frog is an amphibian . a horned lizard is a reptile . tcu is mighty confused . or is it ?
check parks and wildlife ' s texas horned lizard watch for programs and monitoring activities .
resolved , that the texas horned lizard be officially designated the state reptile of texas .
texas state reptile , texas horned lizard ( phrynosoma cornutum ) , from netstate . com
in recent times , the horned lizards ' habitat has shrunk , imported fire ants have supplanted their food supply , and their numbers have declined drastically . the horned lizard is no longer seen in many regions where it was once common . two of the three native texas species of horned lizard are now listed as threatened ( texas horned lizard and the mountain short - horned lizard ) .
phrynosoma coronatum , coast horned lizard - dick schwenkmeyer and brad hollingsworth . san diego natural history museum
the texas horned lizard currently is listed as a threatened species in texas ( federal category c2 ) .
as recchio explained , those reptiles discovered on the practice field 114 years ago were not horned frogs , but horned lizards . it is a horned lizard that is found in texas . in a story that every football player can recite , it is a horned lizard that shoots blood out of his eye when threatened .
canids are not averse to blood , but they dislike horned lizard blood , even though it is not poisonous .
in the dream , i saw a lizard ( small flying dragon type lizard ) which was red - skin in color and there was also a cat which was searching for that lizard . i saw that the cat found that lizard and suddenly attacked that flying lizard and killed it with the claw .
in 1897 texas christian university in fort worth adopted the horned lizard as the school mascot , but for reasons not entirely clear , called it a horned
frog .
ah , we know it ' s a horned lizard ,
said center jake kirkpatrick with a smile and a shrug .
but horned frogs just sounds better .
compare the slightly enlarged throat scales of the desert horned lizard ( phrynosoma platyrhinos ) , above , with the much enlarged throat scales of a flat - tailed horned lizard ( phrynosoma mcallii ) . flat - tailed photo © 2006 s . ferrand
horned lizards ( in general ) play an important role in many native american cultures . the horned lizard is often seen as a symbol of strength and important as a symbol for healing ( pianka and hodges ) . in mexico the horned lizard is believed to help bring rain ( manaster 1997 ) .
this was the first meeting of the horned lizard conservation society ( hlcs ) . bart cox was the society’s first president .
fire ants are believed to out - compete native harvester ants for food and space .
harvester ants are the preferred food of the texas horned lizard and if the food resource declines , lizard
sometimes called a horny toad , this fascinating creature is actually a lizard , the texas horned lizard . it became the official state reptile in 1993 . how many states have an official reptile ?
view image of a regal horned lizard ( p . solare ) rolls over when threatened ( credit : daniel heuclin / npl )
view image of the desert horned lizard ( p . platyrhinos ) is 13 % stomach ( credit : daniel heuclin / npl )
horned lizards are found in extremely diverse habitats . the flat - tailed horned lizard occurs in areas of fine sand , while the short - horned lizard ( p . douglassii ) is found in shortgrass prairie all the way up into spruce - fir forest . the most common species in the arizona upland subdivision is the regal horned lizard ( p . solare ) , which frequents rocky or gravelly habitats of arid to semiarid plains , hills and lower mountain slopes .
instead of puffing up , regal horned lizards roll over . when threatened by a whip snake , the lizard flips onto its back .
view image of a regal horned lizard ( p . solare ) shoots blood from its eyes ( credit : john cancalosi / npl )
milner , b . j . 1979 . northern short - horned lizard in southeastern alberta . alberta naturalist 9 : 90 - 92 .
there are 17 known species of horned lizard , all in the genus phrynosoma . most of them seem to be capable of squirting blood .
pack , h . j . 1918 . some habits of the pygmy horned lizard . copeia 1918 ( 63 ) : 91 - 92 .
schowalter , d . b . 1976 . new distribution records of the horned lizard in alberta . blue jay 37 : 26 - 27 .
the short - horned lizard is often referred to as a “horned toad” or “horny toad” because its squat , flattened shape and short , blunt snout give it a toad - ish look . there are over a dozen recognized horned - lizard species found in the deserts and semi - arid environments of north and central america , from southern canada to guatemala .
bart cox loved texas horned lizards . bart cox was concerned . he was concerned about the declining populations of horned lizards in texas .
powell , g . l . 1980 . diet of the short - horned lizard in alberta . american zoologist 20 ( 4 ) : 842 .
a horned frog just hangs out all day on a lily pad , doing nothing ,
recchio said .
he doesn ' t look or act anything like the horned lizard that is used by tcu .
reeve , w . l . 1952 . taxonomy and distribution of the horned lizard genus phrynosoma . kansas university science bulletin 34 : 817 - 960 .
in 1967 the texas horned lizard was designated a threatened species by the texas parks and wildlife department . twenty years later , nothing much had changed .
the texas horned lizard became the official state reptile of texas when governor ann richards signed house concurrent resolution no . 141 on june 18 , 1993 .
phrynosoma cornutum - ( harlan , 1825 ) texas horned lizard : a network connecting science with conservation - natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life .
the short - horned lizard is a one - reptile wrecking crew with a bizarre self - defense strategy . when defending its own life , this lizard squirts blood from the thin blood vessels around its eyes that rupture under pressure .
a horned lizard sits motionless in the desert sun , eyeing a young coyote skulking nearby . five inches long , with a crown of horns like a dinosaur , the lizard ' s mottled skin helps it blend into the background .
horned lizards are no exception to the general rule that lizards are not attracted to dead insects as food—the ants must be alive and moving for the lizard to show interest in them as prey . harvester ants can bite and have a potent venom , but apparently this has little effect on the esophagus or stomach of the lizard . however , when faced with swarming ants the lizard will make a hasty retreat , for these little invertebrates can kill an adult horned lizard .
whip snakes are lightning fast , and actively hunt their prey . the portly horned lizard cannot outrun one , so it opts for camouflage and keeping still .
to make up for it , a horned lizard has to eat a lot of ants , and to do that it needs a big stomach . the desert horned lizard has a stomach that makes up 13 % of its mass : akin to a 150 - pound person with an almost 20 - pound stomach .
guyer , c . 2006 . phrynosoma douglasii ( pigmy short - horned lizard ) copulatory position . herpetological review 37 ( 1 ) : 91 - 92 .
taylor , b . n . 2003 . short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma hernandesi hernandesi ) . alberta species at risk report 72 : 154 - 160 .
a residue of blood is left on the face of the texas horned lizard ( phrynosoma cornutum ) , as it was used to defend itself against predation .
barber is working on the horned lizard breeding and re - introduction program at the zoo . they are partnered with the texas parks and wildlife department and it ' s the only program like it for horned lizards in the country .
to show that horned lizards can discern dogs from other large predators , sherbrooke recruited a golden retriever called dusty . she was trained to bark , paw and gently nibble at a horned lizard . within a minute of dusty barking , each lizard squirted her .
she was the perfect dog ,
says sherbrooke .
the horned lizard conservation society is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the conservation and recovery of the declining horned lizard populations . they publish a newsletter , are active in research and recovery and educate the public about the threatened reptile . they can be contacted at p . o . box 122 , austin , tx 78767 .
neither defence works every time , but on average , standing still for a whip snake and running from a rattlesnake are a horned lizard ' s best bets .
goldberg , s . r . 1971 . reproduction in the short - horned lizard phrynosoma douglassi in arizona . herpetologica 27 ( 3 ) : 311 - 314 .
hodges wl , & zamudio kr ( 2004 ) . horned lizard ( phrynosoma ) phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial genes and morphological characters : understanding conflicts using multiple approaches .
the state of texas placed the horned lizard on the threatened species list 20 years ago making it illegal to pick up , touch or possess the fading reptile .
the texas horned lizard was named the official reptile of the state of texas by house concurrent resolution and is not , therefore , listed in the texas statutes .
the lizard is believed to be from the genus anolis and is a complete animal .
statewide , overall declining numbers have led authorities to offer the lizard moderate legal protection .
i do know that when a lizard stretches the skin on it’s neck that it is a male lizard . establishing it’s dominant role with other lizards in a territory dispute .
california indian legend about a neighborly lizard prevailing over a family of greedy grizzly bears .
the blood squirting defense mechanism of the horned lizard is the last ditch effort by the horned lizard to attempt to deter any predators that are shot . due to the fact that the horned lizard feeds primarily on ants and must dissolve the tough chitin layer of ants horned lizards end up with a large stomach and , in effect , lose mobility ( cooper 2010 ) . this hinders the ability of a horned lizard to escape and the horned lizard increasingly must rely on crypsis to help it survive predators . one thing to consider for horned lizards is escape theory . escape theory states that the probability of fleeing and flight initiation distance increase as predation risk increases and decrease when escape risk increases ( cooper 2010 ) . given that the cost of fleeing for a horned lizard is high , it is less likely to flee from a predator and instead rely on its defense mechanisms . the blood from its eyes is effective because of chemicals in the blood that is noxious to all dogs , wolves , and coyotes . in this way a horned lizard is able to deter a canine from attacking it . while such a mechanism does exist studies have shown that even though an organism may have well - developed crypsis the general rules of cost - benefit escape behavior do still apply ( cooper 2010 ) .
a texas horned lizard or alberta ' s short - horned lizard will tip up on its front legs , fan out its ribs to form a dorsal shield , or puff up its torso to make itself as big as possible .
it ' s sort of like a person wearing a fat suit ,
says powell .
texas horned lizards have been called horned toads or horned frogs , but they are , in fact , lizards . toads and frogs are tailless amphibians that live in land or water . toads have rough , warty skin and frogs have smooth skin . horned lizards are reptiles with tails and a scaled body .
horned lizards can have an intimidating appearance but are docile and gentle in nature . when a horned lizard feels threatened , it flattens and freezes in place , trying to blend with the ground . texas now lists this unique animal as threatened .
restlessness info most like is general but its up to you to decipher its meaning in a more personal way , how it connects to you . tips , look up color symbolism , lizard totem , use intuitive guidance , ex : the horned lizard would probably relate to protecting , connect each lizard general and personal traits to your own life !
so while an individual horned lizard might succumb to a particularly determined coyote or carnivorous mouse , it has a good chance of passing on its genes before it does .
geographic distribution : this very rare horned lizard occurs in pine - oak woodland and xeric thorn - scrub of puebla and oaxaca , mexico . it may inhabit veracruz .
another behavior horned lizards exhibit is the ability to inflate their bodies until they look like spiny balloons . however , they most effectively avoid predators by simply holding still . horned lizards ' color patterns closely match the soil on which they live and they can eliminate their shadows by flattening against the ground . if forced to move , a horned lizard runs only a short distance , stopping unexpectedly . the horned lizard lies flat , blending into its surroundings , and the predator is left chasing nothing .
similar species : there are no other species of horned lizards in central and southern nevada . the short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma douglassii ) occurs in northern - most nevada , and it can be identified by very short horns on the head .
rust , carol .
where have all the horned toads gone ?
the houston chronicle [ houston ] 02 aug 1998 , section texas magazine , 2 star edition 8 . print .
bylaws of the horned lizard conservation society .
the horned lizard conservation society . the horned lizard conservation society , 01 may 2008 . web . 15 mar 2012 .
saving the horned toad not an easy task .
the times - union [ warsaw ] 01 apr 1986 , 15a . print . henke , scott , and bill brooks .
10 years of horned lizard conservation .
the horned lizard conservation society . the horned lizard conservation society , 2001 . web . 15 mar 2012 . the state of texas . texas legislature online . house concurrent resolution no . 141 . austin : texas state legislature , 1993 . web . the state of texas . texas legislature online . texas statutes . austin : texas state legislature , 2012 . web .
texas horned lizard ( phrynosoma cornutum ) .
texas parks and wildlife department . texas parks and wildlife department , n . d . web . 15 mar 2012 . leatherwood , art .
horned lizard .
the handbook of texas online . texas state historical association . , n . d . web . 15 mar 2012 . shearer , benjamin f . and barbara s . state names , seals , flags and symbols : a historical guide third edition , revised and expanded . westport , conn : greenwood press , 3 sub edition , 2001 .
the texas horned lizard or
horny toad
is a flat - bodied and fierce - looking lizard . the head has numerous horns , all of which are prominent , with two central head spines being much longer than any of the others . this lizard is brownish with two rows of fringed scales along each side of the body . on most texas horned lizards , a light line can be seen extending from its head down the middle of its back . it is the only species of horned lizard to have dark brown stripes that radiate downward from the eyes and across the top of the head .
of course , sometimes camouflage , armour and squirting blood aren ' t enough , and a horned lizard gets eaten anyway . but even then they sometimes manage one last act of defiance : it ' s not unheard - of for a horned lizard to become lodged in the throat or stomach of a bird or snake , killing its attacker .
montanucci , r . r . 1984 . breeding , captive care and longevity of the short - horned lizard phrynosoma douglassi . international zoological yearbook 23 : 148 - 156 .
there is , however , some conjecture about the taxonomy of the baja horned lizards starting with the ones found directly south of the san diego subspecies , and they may actually be one or more different species / subspecies related to the coast horned lizard .
some do diverge from the ant diet at certain times of the year such as the regal horned lizard , which gorges itself on tiny beetles and eschews ants altogether when the beetles are abundant . also , the coast horned lizard can survive on inverts other than ants . but the flattail and shorthorned , as well as the desert horned lizards , are closely tied to ants and will die if those are not supplied in quantity .
guyer , c . and a . d . linder . 1985a . growth and population structure of the short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma douglassi ) and the sagebrush lizard ( sceloporus graciosus ) in southeastern idaho . northwest science 59 ( 4 ) : 294 - 303 .
laird , m . and r . leech . 1980 . observations on the short - horned lizard in southeastern alberta . blue jay 38 ( 4 ) : 214 - 218 .
or any other horned lizard for that matter because not only are they virtually impossible to keep as a pet , it is illegal in the state of texas to do so .
this is a little awkward but , um , er , as currently constituted , in photos and drawings and legend , the horned frogs are not really horned frogs .
some species mimic inedible objects . the round - tailed horned lizard is almost indistinguishable from the rocks it hides in , when it hunches up its back and tucks in its legs .
the technique works . a whip snake trying to get its mouth around a texas horned lizard may well give up , because it just can ' t fit the whole thing in .
the large , flat body surface of the horned lizard also works well as a solar collecting panel : at cooler temperatures , the lizard will orient its body to maximize the amount of exposure to the sun . when it gets too hot , the horned lizard will burrow into loose soil . initially , the lizard uses the scales on the front edge of its lower jaw to literally cut into the earth as it vibrates its head into the ground . then it will shake and shimmy its body into the soil until almost none of it is above the surface .
the body form and armor of the horned lizard cost it speed and mobil - ity , but they confer great advantages as well . small animals , such as snakes , have more difficulty with a horned lizard’s wide , thorny body than with a smooth , slender lizard . in fact , when confronted by a snake , a horned lizard will continually present the largest part of its body to the snake . some horned lizards are difficult to distinguish from rocks ; thus they avoid detection by would - be predators . in response to a threat , a horned lizard may play dead , or it may run away and then suddenly turn around to face its attacker , hissing or vibrating its tail in leaf litter . several species can rupture small capillaries around their eyes and squirt a bloody solution at would - be predators . these fluids , beyond coming as a surprise , can be irritating to the mucous membranes of some predators .
when a lizard crosses you and hit your leg . secondly , a water you are going to use to bath tmyour baby a lizard jump into and jump out . not dream but real life .
the most common horned lizard in the western deserts is aptly named the desert horned lizard ( phrynosoma platyrhinos ) consisting of two subspecies : the northern ( p . p . platyrhinos ) which inhabits the great basin desert , and the southern ( p . p . calidiarum ) which inhabits the sonoran and mojave deserts including a finger of the east coast of northern baja california .
corn , p . s . and l . j . gingerich . 1987 . phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre ( eastern short - horned lizard ) . herpetological review 18 ( 1 ) : 20 .
powell , g . l . , a . p . russell , and p . fargey . in prep . the distribution of the eastern short - horned lizard in saskatchewan , canada .
the current range appears to be decreasing . the texas horned lizard no longer occurs in texas east of an imaginary line from fort worth to corpus christi except for small , isolated populations .
for more information on this program and to learn how to conduct horned lizard surveys , contact the texas parks and wildlife department at 4200 smith school road , austin , tx , 78744 .
texas parks and wildlife has set up a program to help monitor the status of our state reptile . if you’d like to help , check out their website : texas horned lizard watch .
powell , g . , a . russell . 1983 . the diet of the eastern short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre ) in alberta and its relationship to sexual size dimorphism .
populations of the texas horned lizard have disappeared in east and central texas , and are decreasing in north texas as well . a decline and disappearance of them in oklahoma and new mexico has been noted . other species of horned lizards throughout the southwest are also in trouble including the san diego coast horned lizard and the flat - tailed horned lizard . the primary cause for population decline is the loss of habitat by agricultural and urban conversion . other causes also have lead to declining populations including overharvesting for the pet trade and curio trade and the invasion of exotic species , particularly exotic ants which the lizards can not survive on and outcompete their preferred ant .
i saw the albino lizard again tonight . i am trying to understand the meaning you provided . thanks
folktale about the california indian hero lizard , compellingly narrated by the last survivor of the yana tribe .
guyer , c . and a . d . linder . 1985b . thermal ecology and activity patterns of the short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma douglassi ) and the sagebrush lizard ( sceloporus graciosus ) in southeastern idaho ( usa ) . great basin naturalist 45 ( 4 ) : 607 - 614 .
dr . scott henke , associate professor in the animal and wildlife science department at texas a & m university - kingsville , has been studying the disappearing horned lizard for the past six years .
but harvester ants are killed by pesticides and insecticides . so the fort worth zoo is doing what it can to improve the horned lizard population in texas by breeding and re - introducing them .
texas designated the texas horned lizard ( phrynosoma cornutum ) the official state reptile in 1993 ( texas adopted a second reptile symbol in 2013 ; an official state sea turtle ) . all state reptiles
no information currently exists regarding the migration patterns of greater short - horned lizards in montana .
there are currently 13 species of horned lizards , three of which are found in texas .
while the adult horned lizards were embraced the heat , more babies are waiting to hatch .
the texas horned lizard also called the horny toad or horned frog , is in decline in most of the state of texas except west texas , according to russell martin , a wildlife biologist with the texas parks and wildlife department . west texas is where there are large oil and gas exploration fields , and where the fight over the proposed endangered species listing of the dunes sagebrush lizard ( sceloporus arenicolus ) occurred over the last few years . that lizard was not put on the endangered species list .
ashton , k . g . and k . l . ashton . 1998 . phrynosoma douglasii ( short - horned lizard ) . reproduction . herpetological review 29 ( 3 ) : 168 - 169 .
more recently , as the lizards’ habitat has shrunk and as imported fire ants have supplanted their favored prey , the numbers of horned lizards have declined drastically . in many regions where the little creatures once abounded , they are no longer seen . in texas , two of the three native species , the texas horned lizard and the mountain short - horned lizard , are now designated as threatened . jane manaster has written this book for a general audience , but she discusses all aspects of the lizards’ biology as well as the horned lizard’s place in the culture of the west . most of all , she has written it to attract attention to this little animal that deserves our respect and protection .
i recently saw an albino lizard for two days . can you tell me the significance of it ? thanks
lizards are also used as clan animals in some native american cultures . tribes with lizard clans include the hopi ( whose lizard clan is named kuukutsngyam or kukuts - wungwa ) and the pueblo tribes of new mexico .
the broad , flattened body separates this lizard from the other three lizard species regularly documented in montana , and the range overlaps only with the common sagebrush lizard . the pygmy short - horned lizard has been reported from extreme southwestern montana , in the centennial valley , beaverhead county ( maxell et al . 2003 ) , but adults of this species are much smaller than greater short - horned lizards , the small horns on the back of the head project almost vertically rather than horizontally , and they lack the wide notch between the horns on the back of the head that gives the head of greater short - horned lizards a
heart - shaped
appearance when viewed from above ( st . john 2002 ) .
snakes , and some birds such as roadrunners , need to swallow their prey whole . that means they have to get their mouth around the entire body . a horned lizard will not make it easy .
sherbrooke , w . c . and m . d . greenfield . 2002 . phrynosoma hernandesi ( short - horned lizard ) . defensive hiss . herpetological review 33 ( 3 ) : 208 - 209 .
while many texans have fond memories of finding the texas horned lizard or ' horny toad ' in their backyard as they were growing up , population decline of the reptile has made that a rarity today .
i found this horned lizard basking on a rock on a cool morning in the mohave desert . it only had two speeds - sit still and hide , and run away as fast as you can .
native americans have looked to the horned lizard as a symbol good health , strength and as a keeper of secrets . its image has appeared on pottery and petroglyphs as far back as 4000 years ago .
desert horned lizards have only 1 row of slightly enlarged scales on each side of the throat .
horned lizards leave for west , south texas : texas state historical association : the texas almanac .
horned lizards : by eric r . pianka and wendy l . hodges , university of texas .
sherbrooke , w . c . and f . mendoza - quijano . 2001 . phrynosoma braconnieri ( short - tailed horned lizard ) . defensive behavior . herpetological review 36 ( 1 ) : 65 - 66 .
a comparison of diets among age classes of coastal horned lizards suggests a diversity of ants is necessary to support lizard populations ,  write suarez and case in their paper in the february issue of ecological applications .
that range includes areas from southwestern missouri and central kansas to throughout much of the southwest and mexico . as its name suggests , the texas horned lizard holds the lone star state as a favorite stomping ground .
i like the idea of the shrewd lizard who can move between otherworlds easily . i think channeling the lizard can help us cut through some layers of rhe human thought pattern that are not necessary and get in the way .
collection of children ' s stories based on native american legends about the origins of the lizard and other animals .
moll , e . o . 2004 . patronyms of the pioneer west . ix . phrynosoma hernandesi ( girard , 1858 ) greater short - horned lizard . sonoran herpetologist 17 ( 6 ) : 58 - 61 .
powell , g . l . 1982 . the eastern short - horned lizard in alberta : basic field ecology of northern marginal populations . unpublished m . s . thesis , university of calgary , calgary , alberta .
i had a dream today that a huge lizard size of a komodo dragon but looks like a gecko ( indian lizard ) with 3 legs on each end and ut was crawling on opposite side of the wall and it had something in his mouth probably baby lizard or something . pls explain this . there are some changes happening in my life
research by the texas parks and wildlife department on the chaparral wildlife management area , under the leadership of david synatske , have added to our knowledge of texas horned lizards ,
henke said . tpwd employees melisa montemayor and chip ruthven have been studying population dynamics and horned lizard movements for the past seven years .
most lizards scatter at the first sight of a human approaching , and horned ones are no exception .
desert horned lizards are covered with small granular scales interspersed with larger pointed scales on the dorsal surfaces .
montanucci , r . r . and b . e . baur . 1982 . mating and courtship - related behaviors of the short - horned lizard , phrynosoma douglassi . copeia 1982 ( 4 ) : 971 - 974 .
lizard is letting you know that it is time to take do an internal audit . are you being ruled by your
and i too noticed that also another agama lizard is on my back inside the polo shirt i was wearing . as i approached the girl to touch her , she slipped away from me and left the bed entirely . i noticed the lizard on her back and also on mine , i immediately felt a hand on my back taking away the lizard .
the texas horned lizard can be distinguished from other species of horned lizards by the two very sharp spikes that protrude from the back of their head , two rows of fringed scales on their sides , dark brown to sooty - colored dorsal spots edged with lighter colors and a light - colored stripe down the middle of their back .
the horned lizard population is decreasing in north texas , so the fort worth zoo is partnering with the texas parks and wildlife department to breed and re - introduce them to nature . ( published tuesday , july 25 , 2017 )
in addition to texas , the lizard can also be found in southwestern missouri , kansas , much of the southwestern united states and mexico . it is against the law in texas to kill the horned lizard or to collect it and keep it as a pet . while horned lizards are probably the coolest looking reptiles in north america , unless you have a steady supply of harvester ants ( these lizards eat thousands of ants everyday ) they are virtually impossible to keep .
new , e . r . 1991 . drilling in short - horned lizard country . abstract presented at the cade / caodc spring drilling conference , april 10 - 12 , 1991 . cade / caodc conference publications , calgary , ab .
powell , g . l . and a . p . russell . 1985 . field thermal ecology of the eastern short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre ) in southeastern alberta . canadian journal of zoology 63 : 228 - 238 .
horned lizards , by jason glaser . 24 pages . publisher : capstone press ( january 1 , 2006 ) reading level : ages 6 + . an introduction to horned lizards including a description of their appearance and information on where they live , what they eat , how they produce young , and the dangers that horned lizards face .
blainsville ' s horned lizards have 2 or 3 rows of enlarged pointed scales on each side of the throat .
blainville ' s horned lizards have 2 or 3 rows of enlarged pointed scales on each side of the throat .
powell , g . l . and a . p . russell . 1993a . the range and status of the eastern short - horned lizard in the canadian prairies . provincial museum of alberta natural history occassional paper 19 : 279 - 290 .
powell , g . l . , a . p . russell , and p . j . fargey . 1998 . the distribution of the short - horned lizard phrynosoma hernandesi in saskatchewan , canada . northwestern naturalist 79 : 19 - 26 .
i dreamt of an indian lizard usually found in homes in india …dreamt of it in the home where i used to live as a child but the dream had me , my daughter and husband where i was asking my husband to get rid of the lizard and he tried but he did not follow my instructions so the lizard climbs the ceiling and then when he tries to get rid the lizard stops in the air for . 5 seconds and then falls on the bed , i rush away from the bed with my dot and the lizard is trying to run away from us making way from beneath the quilts and finally i woke up . .
humans and horned lizards have shared each other ' s company for thousands of years . this relationship is recorded from anasazi , hohokam , mogollon , and mimbres cultures through their use of horned lizard images on pottery , petroglyphs , effigy bowls , figures , and shells . hopi , navajo , papago , pima , tarahumara and zuni cultures portray horned lizards in their ceremonies and stories as symbols of strength . piman people believe horned lizards can cure them of a staying sickness by appealing to the lizard ' s strength and showing their respect to the animal . they formulate a cure by singing at a patient ' s side songs describing the lizards and their behaviors . a horned lizard fetish may be placed on an afflicted person ' s body during the songs . native mexican people also respect horned lizards attributing the words ,
don ' t tread on me ! i am the color of the earth and i hold the world ; therefore walk carefully , that you do not tread on me .
a mexican common name for horned lizards is
torito de la virgen
or the virgin ' s little bull . this name apparently was given to the lizards both because of their horns and because horned lizards are sacred to many people due to their blood squirting behaviors , otherwise considered weeping tears of blood .
hammerson , g . a . and h . m . smith . 1991 . the correct spelling of the name of the short - horned lizard of north america . bulletin of the maryland herpetological society 27 ( 3 ) : 121 - 127 .
powell , g . l . and a . p . russell . 1992b . the staus of the short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma douglassii ) in canada . committee on the status of endangered wildlife in canada , ottawa , on . 22pp .
powell , g . l . , and a . p . russell . 1991 . distribution of the eastern short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma douglasi brevirostre ) in alberta , canada . northwestern naturalist . 72 ( 1 ) : 21 - 26 .
there does not appear to be any one single reason for their statewide decline ,
he said .
most likely , it is a combination of these factors that is causing the decline in the population of the texas horned lizard .
a horned lizard will lap up its food with the tip of its sticky tongue . it does not chew the ants . instead , before swallowing , it wraps the ants in strands of thick mucus secreted by special cells at the back of its throat . this protects the lizard from the ants ' stings , allowing them to exploit a resource that most animals can ' t .
horned lizards are found throughout the sonoran desert region from near sea level up to 11 , 300 feet ( 3440 m ) . some species are widespread , such as the round - tailed and texas horned lizards which occur in several u . s . and mexican states , while the flat - tailed horned lizard ( p . mcalli ) is restricted to southwestern arizona , extreme southeastern california , a small part of northeastern baja california and the upper neck of northwestern sonora , mexico .
the diet of some horned lizards consists of specific insects , while other species are more catholic in their tastes . not only does p . solare prefer ants , it has a strong preference for harvester ants , which may make up to 90 percent of its diet . as diets go , ants are low return items because so much of their body consists of indigestible chitin . thus , the regal horned lizard must eat a great number of ants to meet its nutritional needs . this diet requires space , which is why the stomach of the regal horned lizard may represent up to 13 percent of its body mass .
this one just hatched out yesterday ,
barber said , holding a tiny lizard that barely covered the end of her finger .
jay snow took this series ( left to right , top to bottom ) of a red racer trying to eat a live southern desert horned lizard over a period of 44 minutes . the snake failed to swallow the lizard and crawled away . in the last picture you can see that the lizard lay prone for several minutes after the coachwhip left then took up to 15 minutes to clean the saliva off its face before slowly walking away , no doubt thankful for the row of horns behind its head . © jay snow
the coast horned lizard ( phrynosoma coronatum ) , which is found in coastal and cismontane california , crosses to the east side of the baja peninsula , actually making contact with the desert horned lizard in the vicinity of bahía de los angeles . the two live sympatrically for a distance along the east coast . as the coastal form has taken over the balance of the peninsula , it could also be considered a desert form since it does live in the deserts of baja right down to cabo san lucas .
sherbrooke , w . c . , e . r . brown , and j . l . brown . 2002 . phrynosoma hernandesi ( short - horned lizard ) . successful open - mouthed threat defense . herpetological review 33 ( 3 ) : 208 .
we hope that the efforts generated by concerned citizens and state and private organizations will stop the decline of the texas horned lizard and young texans will again know the excitement of finding a ' horny toad ' in their backyards ,
henke said .
chandler , j . d . 1965 . horned toad record . the blue jay 23 ( 2 ) : 92 .
- sherbrooke , wade c .
introduction to horned lizards of north america .
california natural history guides , 2003
you can download a printable pdf with 8 different species of horned lizards found in the u . s . here .
photos above used by permission of wade sherbrooke from his book ,
introduction to horned lizards of north america
.
only a horned frog , it seems , can revel in a symbol that fits in the palm of your hand .
the short - horned lizard is a small lizard species that lives in north america , in saskatchewan and alberta canada , through montana , utah , colorado , arizona , new mexico and into mexico through northeastern sonora , chihuahua , and durango . the creature is best known for having one of the weirdest defensive mechanisms out there , and that is the ability to shoot blood from its eyes !
to the uninitiated , their dragon - like appearance is quite formidable . the squat form and head armor has given rise to the name
horny toad ,
horned toad
and
horned lizards .
however , since there is a true toad with horns , it is best that we speak of this genus as the
horned lizards .
habitat destruction and ant destruction have placed several species of horned lizards in danger . after all , the first thing people do when they move into the desert is kill the pesky ants , thereby depriving horned lizards of their only dependable diet .
nevertheless , the coyote spots it . the predator pounces and holds the lizard down . then it gingerly nibbles – and immediately regrets it .
i had a dream about a lizard last night , and in my dream , i heard someone say that the lizard’s pituitary gland needed to be cut out . craziest dream ever . no clue as to what it may mean , but i clearly remember seeing this lizard , it having a so called “surgery , ” and it struggling afterwards but coming through . anyone have an idea as to what it may mean ?
i have been meditating or journeying for about 2 years now but in the past 6 months i have been seeing lizards , first was a komono dragon , and i could find information on him , but then i saw a black lizard with yellow spots , again i went in search of info and found general info on lizards . but yesterday i saw a horned lizard . i am wondering should i accept the information on all of these as one or is there specific knowledge to each type of lizard ? i am not able to find much on the horned lizard and find my self seeking the answer perhaps it is just not time to understand his meaning but if you have any thing that coould halp me on the diferent species of lizards i would really apreciate it . thank you in advance !
fort worth zoo ' s diane barber talks about the zoo ' s breeding and re - introduction program for horned lizards .
blainsville ' s horned lizards have 2 rows of pointed fringe scales on the lower part of each side of the body .
blainville ' s horned lizards have 2 rows of pointed fringe scales on the lower part of each side of the body .
up to 10 species of horned lizards occur in the sonoran desert region , from the 2¾ inch ( 69 mm ) long round - tailed horned lizard ( p . modestum ) to the 5 inch ( 127 mm ) long texas horned lizard ( p . cornutum ) . with squat , flat , toad - like bodies ( phrynosoma means “toad - body” ) and thorn - like projections at the rear of their heads , horned lizards are easily distinguished from other lizards . the projections differ in size and arrangement from one species to another . along the sides of the body , fringe - like scales occur in one row , two parallel rows , or they may be absent . males have enlarged post - anal scales , and during the breeding season , a swollen tail base .
horned lizards in lava rock habitat tend to have dark coloring to match the dark soil , as you can see on this adult from san bernardino county . ( both are the same lizard ; the picture on the right was taken with flash . ) © filip tkaczyk
a stream of nasty - tasting blood squirts from the lizard ' s eyes , straight into the coyote ' s mouth . the coyote steps back , shaking its head from side to side in disgust . it retreats , wiping its muzzle , while the uninjured lizard skitters away to safety .
however , rattlesnakes don ' t chase . they wait for prey to come to them before biting , injecting venom and swallowing . so when a horned lizard encounters a rattlesnake , it runs for its life , safe in the knowledge that the snake will probably not follow .
powell , g . l . and a . p . russell . 1985 . growth and sexual size dimorphism in alberta ( canada ) populations of the eastern short - horned lizard , phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre . canadian journal of zoology 63 ( 1 ) : 139 - 154 .
horned lizards are the most fearsome - looking and distinctive by virtue of the pointed , protruding
horns
above their eyes .
almost everything will try to eat horned lizards , from coyotes to carnivorous mice . in response they have evolved an arsenal of defences
view image of round - tailed horned lizards ( p . modestum ) hide among rocks ( credit : daniel heuclin / npl )
nero , r . w . 1957 . records of the horned toad in saskatchewan . blue jay 15 : 119 - 120 .
the caesar kleberg wildlife research institute recently published a management bulletin by henke and william scott fair entitled management of texas horned lizards .
behind the scenes at the fort worth zoo , and inside the texas native reptile center , they are focused on horned lizards .
legislation exists in most states to protect horned lizards from capture and sale into the pet trade . one obstacle to continued success that
powell , g . l . and a . p . russell . 1984 . the diet of the eastern short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre ) in alberta and its relationship to sexual size dimorphism . canadian journal of zoology 62 ( 3 ) : 428 - 440 .
these are lizards . a lot of people call them horny toads here in texas . but they are indeed a lizard ,
barber said .
hornbeck , g . e . and j . e . green . 1990 . a reconnaissance field survey of the eastern short - horned lizard and its habitat in samedan manyberries 9 - 13 - 4 - 5 w4m . delta environmental management group ltd . calgary , ab . 27pp .
the bulletin discusses what is currently known about the texas horned lizard and what steps can be taken to help restore this threatened species ,
henke said .
hopefully , by publishing this information , we can create more awareness and get texans interested in helping this unique reptile .
i once had a dream i was alone in the desert wearing a white robe and i swallowed a live lizard whole . does anyone have any insight ?
most species of horned lizards lay eggs between may and august , with clutches ranging from 3 to 45 depending on species . even with such high numbers of eggs only around 2 from each clutch will reach sexual maturity . the short - horned lizard bears live young . this is considered an adaptation to living at higher elevations , where eggs may be at risk due to low temperatures , and egg development might be slowed considerably .
pygmy short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma douglasii ) the pygmy short - horned lizard is found in the pacific northwest from northern california through oregon and washington to british columbia , canada , and east through southeastern idaho . the species occurs in forest habitats and open plains with sagebrush at elevations from about 400 to 8 , 000 feet . phrynosoma douglasii can be distinguished from other horned lizards by its small adult size of only 2 - 3 inches , one rowof abdominal fringe scales , and head spines that are very short and reduced with a deep notch between them . their back scales are irregular in size and distribution and set in a rosette of smaller , keeled scaleswhile scales on their ventral ( belly ) side are smooth .
horned lizards are a rather fecund group , and lay or give birth to many offspring compared to other lizards . the median clutch size for
hornbeck , g . e . and j . e . green . 1991 . year two of a reconnaissance field survey of the eastern short - horned lizard and its habitat in samedan manyberries 9 - 13 - 4 - 5 w4m . delta environmental management group ltd . calgary , ab . 17pp .
. i tamed 3 identical rare moths and another group of 3 i found had a rare lizard and snake so i was able to get both of them .
powell , g . l . and a . p . russell . 1992a . a preliminary survey of the distribution and abundance of the eastern short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre ) in alberta . a report submitted to the recreation , parks , and wildlife foundation , edmonton , alberta . 135pp .
greater short - horned lizard ( phrynosoma hernandesi ) the greater short - horned lizard is a wide - ranging species ; it occurs from southern alberta and saskatchewan , canada , through montana , wyoming , utah , colorado , arizona , new mexico , texas , then through northeastern sonora , chihuahua , and durango , mexico . the species lives in short - grass communities of the northern great plains , in sagebrush and greasewood of the great basin , and on mountain hillsides and valleys with pine , juniper , aspen , and coniferous forests throughout its range . the species is found between 2 , 000 and 10 , 400 feet in elevation . phrynosoma hernandesi can be distinguished from other horned lizard species by the following : one rowof abdominal fringe scales , reduced central horns separated by a deep notch and slightly longer side horns , back scales are arranged in 6 - 8 rows . this species is the wyoming state reptile .


stigmella prunetorum is a moth of the nepticulidae family .

it is found in all of europe ( except the ireland , the iberian peninsula and the mediterranean islands ) .

the wingspan is 4.3-4.7 mm .

adults are on wing in may .

the larvae feed on prunus armeniaca , prunus avium , prunus brigantina , prunus cerasifera , prunus cerasus , prunus cocomilia , prunus domestica , prunus insititia , prunus spinosa and prunus triloba .

they mine the leaves of their host plant .

the mine consists of a corridor , running in several half or whole circles around the oviposition ( egg laying ) site .

the last segment breaks loose , and mostly runs along the leaf margin .

stigmella prunetorum

nepticula prunetorum stainton , 1855 . entomol . ann . : 50 . stigmella prunetorum ( stainton , 1855 ) .
- ectoedemia cerris - ectoedemia contorta - ectoedemia gilvipennella - ectoedemia hexapetalae - ectoedemia klimeschi - ectoedemia leucothorax - ectoedemia liechtensteini - ectoedemia phyllotomella - ectoedemia preisseckeri - etainia albibimaculella - fomoria groschkei - fomoria viridissimella - stigmella buhri - trifurcula austriaca - trifurcula beirnei - trifurcula chamaecytisi - trifurcula iberica - trifurcula pallidella - trifurcula serotinella - trifurcula victoris - simplimorpha promissa - enteucha acetosae - stigmella lapponica - stigmella confusella - stigmella freyella - stigmella diniensis - stigmella tiliae - stigmella betulicola - stigmella sakhalinella - stigmella luteella - stigmella glutinosae - stigmella alnetella - stigmella microtheriella - stigmella prunetorum - stigmella aceris - stigmella malella - stigmella rhamnella - stigmella alaternella - stigmella catharticella - stigmella anomalella - stigmella centifoliella - stigmella ulmivora - stigmella viscerella - stigmella thuringiaca - stigmella rolandi - stigmella paradoxa - stigmella regiella - stigmella crataegella - stigmella magdalenae - stigmella nylandriella - stigmella oxyacanthella - stigmella pyri - stigmella minusculella - stigmella desperatella - stigmella hybnerella - stigmella mespilicola - stigmella floslactella - stigmella tityrella - stigmella salicis - stigmella myrtillella - stigmella obliquella - stigmella trimaculella - stigmella assimilella - stigmella sorbi - stigmella plagicolella - stigmella lemniscella - stigmella continuella - stigmella aurella - stigmella auromarginella - stigmella splendidissimella - stigmella aeneofasciella - stigmella tormentillella - stigmella dryadella - stigmella poterii - stigmella incognitella - stigmella perpygmaeella - stigmella hemargyrella - stigmella speciosa - stigmella suberivora - stigmella lonicerarum - stigmella basiguttella - stigmella svenssoni - stigmella zangherii - stigmella dorsiguttella - stigmella ruficapitella - stigmella atricapitella - stigmella samiatella - stigmella roborella - stigmella eberhardi - acalyptris platani - acalyptris minimella - glaucolepis alypella - glaucolepis melanoptera - glaucolepis headleyella - glaucolepis saturejae - glaucolepis thymi - glaucolepis teucriella - glaucolepis stoechadella - glaucolepis rosmarinella - glaucolepis bupleurella - glaucolepis bleonella - glaucolepis sp . - glaucolepis sp . - glaucolepis cryptella - glaucolepis eurema - glaucolepis ortneri - trifurcula luteola - trifurcula coronillae - trifurcula subnitidella - trifurcula josefklimeschi - trifurcula silviae - trifurcula immundella - trifurcula orientella - trifurcula aurella - trifurcula squamatella - parafomoria cistivora - parafomoria pseudocistivora - parafomoria helianthemella - parafomoria liguricella - bohemannia pulverosella - bohemannia quadrimaculella - bohemannia auriciliella - etainia obtusa - etainia sericopeza - etainia decentella - etainia louisella - laqueus euphorbiella - fomoria weaveri - fomoria septembrella - zimmermannia atrifrontella - zimmermannia liebwerdella - zimmermannia longicaudella - zimmermannia hispanica - zimmermannia amani - zimmermannia liguricella - ectoedemia intimella - ectoedemia hannoverella - ectoedemia turbidella - ectoedemia argyropeza - ectoedemia caradjai - ectoedemia suberis - ectoedemia andalusiae - ectoedemia quinquella - ectoedemia algeriensis - ectoedemia haraldi - ectoedemia ilicis - ectoedemia heringella - ectoedemia rufifrontella - ectoedemia albifasciella - ectoedemia pubescivora - ectoedemia subbimaculella - ectoedemia heringi - ectoedemia erythrogenella - ectoedemia agrimoniae - ectoedemia angulifasciella - ectoedemia atricollis - ectoedemia arcuatella - ectoedemia rubivora - ectoedemia spinosella - ectoedemia mahalebella - ectoedemia occultella - ectoedemia minimella
stigmella prunetorum ( scarce sloe pigmy ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .
the adult is similar to many other stigmella species . stigmella prunatorum has a black head , white eye - caps and collar . the base of the wing is purplish with a golden area beyond . there is a silvery - white fascia beyond the middle bordered either side by a purplish band .
notes : nationally scarce ( nb ) in woodland , downland and clifftops along the south coast and in the west . on the isle of wight , a few recent records from the north of the island . in hampshire there have been no acceptable records since 1900 . wingspan 4 . 3 - 4 . 7 mm . adults difficult to distinguish from other stigmella species , and more frequently recorded in the larval stage , when mines are relatively easy to find where they are present . larva mines leaves of blackthorn , wild cherry and dwarf cherry , over - wintering as a pupa . the mines are described in the following link : urltoken .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
insect systematics & evolution . ( ejournal / emagazine , 2000 ) [ worldcat . org ]
your web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .
your list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .
note : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .
the e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
the e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : insect systematics & evolution . publisher : stenstrup , denmark : apollo books , 2000 - isbn / issn : 1399 - 560x oclc : 526026810
full text available 10 / 1 / 2009 - . ( due to publisher restrictions , the most recent 36 months are not available . ) .
macewan university access : 2009 - . most recent 3 year ( s ) not available .
please choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .
insect systematics & evolution ( online ) insect systematics & evolution . insect systematics and evolution
you may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .
urltoken ; % 5fver = z39 . 88 - 2004 & ctx ; % 5fenc = info : ofi / enc : utf - 8 & rfr ; % 5fid = info : sid / sfxit . com : opac % 5f856 & url ; % 5fctx % 5ffmt = info : ofi / fmt : kev : mtx : ctx & sfx . ignore ; % 5fdate % 5fthreshold = 1 & rft . object ; % 5fid = 111018467303010 & svc ; % 5fval % 5ffmt = info : ofi / fmt : kev : mtx : sch % 5fsvc &
urltoken ; _ ver = z39 . 88 - 2004 & rfr ; _ id = info % 3asid % 2fualberta . ca % 3aopac & rft . genre ; = journal & rft . object ; _ id = 111018467303010 & rft . issn ; = 1399 - 560x & rft . eissn ; = 1876 - 312x & rft ; _ val _ fmt = info % 3aofi % 2ffmt % 3akev % 3amtx % 3ajournal & url ; _ ctx _ fmt = info % 3aofi % 2ffmt % 3akev % 3amtx % 3actx & url ; _ ver = z39 . 88 - 2004
urltoken ; = % 2295ds % 22 & scope ; = site & loginpage ; = cpidlogin . asp & custid ; = s9204635
insect systematics & evolution . / societas entomologica scandinavica . ; ; stenstrup , denmark : apollo books , 2000 -
worldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more ››
don ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
this site uses cookies . by continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies .
brill’s mybook program is exclusively available on brillonline books and journals . students and scholars affiliated with an institution that has purchased a brill e - book on the brillonline platform automatically have access to the mybook option for the title ( s ) acquired by the library . brill mybook is a print - on - demand paperback copy which is sold at a favorably uniform low price .
< ? xml version =
1 . 0
encoding =
utf - 8
? > < event > < eventlog > < portalid > brill < / portalid > < sessionid > dwsejimanzfdaejpvslbehgc . x - brill - live - 03 < / sessionid > < useragent > python / 3 . 5 aiohttp / 3 . 3 . 2 < / useragent > < identityid > guest < / identityid > < identity _ list > guest < / identity _ list > < ipaddress > 35 . 232 . 247 . 97 < / ipaddress > < eventtype > personalisation < / eventtype > < createdon > 1531164193116 < / createdon > < / eventlog > < eventlogproperty > < item _ id > urltoken < / item _ id > < type > favourite < / type > < / eventlogproperty > < / event >
a checklist , containing all discribed nepticulidae from the western palaearctic region , is provided . all species - group names given to western palaeartic species are listed , including those in synonymy , whether available or not . eleven new synonymies are established at generic level , and 18 at species level ; 48 new combinations are made and two lectotypes are designated . the arrangement of species reflects present phylogenetic opinion . hostplant data are provided for each species , and a systematic catalogue concludes this paper .
r . de jong ; r . i . vane - wright and p . r . ackery
a nationally scarce species with a rather scattered distribution across the south and west of the uk .
the larvae mine the leaves of prunus spinosa ( blackthorn ) , and occasionally other prunus species , in two generations during july and then september / october . the mine is a contorted gallery . larvae are green .
ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .
the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .
looking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .
procache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 16 07 : 25 : 44 page render time : 0 . 2826s total w / procache : 0 . 3426s
leaf - miner : a contorted gallery filled with green frass ( british leafminers ) .
egg at the underside of the leaf , often close to a vein . the mine is a corridor , running in several half or whole circles around the oviposition site . only the last segment breaks loose , and often runs along the leaf margin . the frass is greenish , lying in coils that are so wide as to almost completely fill the corridor ( bladmineerders van europa ) .
larva : the larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles ( see video of a gracillarid larva feeding ) , six thoracic legs and abdominal legs ( see examples ) .
the larva is green ( british leafminers ) . bottle green . the larva is described by gustafsson and van nieukerken ( 1990a ) ( bladmineerders van europa ) .
pupa : the pupae of moths have visible head appendages , wings and legs which lie in sheaths ( see examples ) .
adult : the adult is not illustrated in ukmoths ( check for update ) . the species is included in urltoken .
comments : in the older literature also crataegus and even mespilus are mentioned [ as hosts ] . this is surprising , because the mines are so unmistakable ( bladmineerders van europa ) .
time of year - larvae : july , september - early october ( british leafminers ) .
distribution in great britain and ireland : britain including carmarthenshire , dorset , east cornwall , herefordshire and west kent ( nbn atlas ) .
distribution elsewhere : widespread in continental europe including austria , belgium , bulgaria , croatia , czech republic , danish mainland , french mainland , germany , greek mainland , hungary , italian mainland , lithuania , luxembourg , macedonia , republic of moldova , poland , romania , russia - central , slovakia , slovenia , sweden , switzerland , the netherlands , ukraine and yugoslavia ( karsholt and van nieukerken in fauna europaea ) .
prunus armeniaca , prunus avium , prunus cerasifera , prunus cerasus , prunus domestica , prunus domestiva subsp . insititia , prunus spinosa
taxa with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable , but are at risk . ( in gb , this was interpreted as species which exist in fifteen or fewer 10km squares ) . superseded by new iucn categories in 1994 , but still applicable to lists that have not been reviewed since 1994 .
taxa with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable , but are at risk . ( in gb , this was interpreted as species which exist in fifteen or fewer 10km squares ) . superseded by new iucn categories in 1994 , so no longer in use .
we use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 3 . 2 / / en
the adults fly in two generations a year : may - june , and july - august .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
recorded in 1 ( 1 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1874 . last recorded in 1874 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 1 / / en
urltoken
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .


hyles hippophaes ( seathorn hawk-moth ) is a species of moth in the family sphingidae .

the wingspan is 65 – 80 mm .

hyles hippophaes

hyles hippophaes hippophaes , male , upperside . france , basses alpes , st . andrer
hyles hippophaes hippophaes , male , underside . france , basses alpes , st . andrer
ovum : as subsp . hyles hippophaes hippophaes , with up to 500 being laid by each female .
synonym . hyles hippophaes miatleuskii eitschberger & saldaitis , 2000 , atalanta 31 : 213 .
habitat : in europe , hyles hippophaes settles hot , dry , stony habitats up to about 1300m above sea level , and preferably at the edge of wild floodplains close to or in the alps , where hippophaes grows in an early succession stage . hyles hippophaes inhabits also rocky slopes in these regions .
hyles hippophaes ( esper , 1789 ) = sphinx hippophaes esper , 1789 = crocea ( rebel , 1910 ) = flava ( denso , 1913 ) = obscurata ( dannehl , 1929 ) = teriolensis ( dannehl , 1929 ) = expallidata ( dannehl , 1933 ) = celerio hippophaes kiortsii koutsaftikis , 1974 .
as subsp . hyles hippophaes hippophaes ( esper , 1789 ) , northern spain , southern france , southern switzerland and northern italy to slovenia . then , as a separate population , romania , bulgaria , moldova , northern greece , the aegean islands and western turkey .
the early stages are very similar to subsp . hyles hippophaes hippophaes . fully grown , usually also very similar to those of subsp . hippophaes ; however , some are dark green with a dorsal lilac tint on the anterior segments and a broken , white ventro - lateral streak . in others , the basic body colour may even be dark grey / black .
pupa : similar to subsp . hyles hippophaes hippophaes ; during the summer months it remains in this stage for no more than 20 days . formed in a chamber in the soil , often up to 10cm deep ( chu & wang , 1980b ) . overwinters as a pupa .
celerio hippophaes kiortsii koutsaftikis , 1974 , annls mus . goulandris 2 : 99 - - 103 .
remarks : hyles hippophaes does not occur north of the alps . in europe , the moth is very rare in the alpine region , more frequently , for example , in the southwestern french alps , particularly in the valley of the durance . there i found , for example , caterpillars in mid - july 2005 and 2012 at xerothermic places . hyles hippophaes is distributed from the pyrenees locally across southern france , the southern alps , parts of italy ( apennines ) and obviously also of the balkans to the black sea . additionally , hyles hippophaes occurs from asia minor to central asia .
( ii ) there is some contact between subsp . hyles hippophaes hippophaes ( esper , 1789 ) and subsp . bienerti in the crimea and in western and southern turkey . this produces intermediate hybrids , such as f . malatiatus gehlen , 1934a , and f . kiortsii koutsaftikis , 1974 . the aegean population is most certainly subsp . hippophaes , but with a trace of subsp . bienerti visible in many examples . some adults of the crimean population are intermediate in coloration and pattern between subsp . hippophaes and subsp . bienerti . )
endangerment factors : hyles hippophaes is strongly threatened by river regulation , gravel and electricity industry , construction of roads , housing developments , agricultural intensivication ( creation of vineyarrds on rocky slopes in floodplains ) and by succession . most once mile - wide floodplains have been destroyed , the river forced into a straitjacket . this proved fatal for many specialist insects ( and other living beings ) such as many grasshoppers like bryodemella tuberculata . hyles hippophaes can be preserved only if the habitats are protected extensively . in southern central europe , hyles hippophaes is largely eradicated . last outpost is a residual presence in the rhone valley , valais , where it could also possibly be gone already .
from central turkey and the southern ukraine eastwards to liaoning ( china ) and mongolia , extending south to kashmir and north - west india and north to lake baikal and the tuva a . s . s . r . in russia as subsp . hyles hippophaes biernerti .
( taxonomic note . there is some contact between subsp . hippophaes and subsp . bienerti ( staudinger , 1874 ) in the crimea and in western and southern turkey . this produces intermediate hybrids , such as f . malatiatus gehlen , 1934a , and f . kiortsii koutsaftikis , 1974 . the aegean population is most certainly subsp . hippophaes , but with a trace of subsp . bienerti visible in many examples . some adults of the crimean population are intermediate in coloration and pattern between subsp . hippophaes and subsp . bienerti , but can be assigned to the latter . )
hyles hippophaes ( seathorn hawk - moth ) is a species of moth in the family sphingidae . it is found in afghanistan , armenia , azerbaijan , china , france , georgia , germany , greece , iran , iraq , kazakhstan , kyrgyzstan , mongolia , pakistan , romania , serbia and montenegro , spain , switzerland , syria , tajikistan , turkey , turkmenistan , and uzbekistan .
life cycle : hyles hippophaes forms one or two generations , but the second one is only partial . the moths fly from may to july and separated again in august / september . the larval time is from june to october , but by far the most caterpillars are observed in late june and july . the pupa hibernates as with all european sphingids ( except the migrant butterfly taubenschwänzchen ) .
transferred to hyles by hübner , [ 1819 ] , verz . bekannter schmett . : 137 . transferred to celerio by rothschild & jordan , 1903 , novit . zool . 9 ( suppl . ) : 714 ( key ) , 729 ; then back to hyles by pittaway , 1983 , entomologist ' s gaz . 34 : 80 . implicitly transferred to celerio by zhu & wang , 1997 , fauna sinica insecta 11 : 342 ( key ) , 344 . implicitly transferred back to hyles by danner , eitschberger & surholt , 1998 , herbipoliana 4 ( 1 ) : 202 .
it should be noted that in the french alps larvae of natural hybrids between this species and hyles vespertilio ( esper , 1780 ) are regularly found on epilobium dodonaei , with many being of the pink form ( j . - m . bompar , pers . comm . ) .
within its range , populations can be somewhat isolated . however , as this species is prone to wander , individuals may turn up at great distances from known breeding grounds , leading to confusing records . frequents river valleys in mountainous areas ( up to 500m in spain and switzerland ) , mountainous steppe and sand - dunes . river islands overgrown with hippophae rhamnoides are a favoured haunt in central europe . in some western european localities , as a result of river flood - control measures , hyles hippophaes is becoming increasingly rare as its hostplant cannot compete with riverine shrubs and trees which take over stabilized riverbanks .
after a very long period of inactivity on this blog , i’m finally posting some new shots . not “astro” ones , but nature - related ones . the following shots are of a hawk moth ( fam . sphingidae ) , hyles hippophaes ( esper , 1789 ) . this species is threatened by human activity , as many other insect species . in romania it occurs mainly in dobrogea , but can occasionally be found further to the west . the larva was found in august 2016 , and the adult emerged in may 2017 . the moth is active at night , and is attracted to artificial light .
synonymized with celerio euphorbiae as a subspecies by rothschild & jordan , 1903 , novit . zool . 9 ( suppl . ) : 720 ; then with hyles centralasiae as a subspecies by pittaway , 1983 , entomologist ' s gaz . 34 : 78 . reinstated as a species by danner , eitschberger & surholt , 1998 , herbipoliana 4 ( 1 ) : 205 , 280 .
wingspan : 60 - - 80mm . very unlikely to be confused with other hyles species . most individuals from the aegean population have more extensive black markings than those from central europe ; however , there is sufficient overlap in colour variation not to split the two groups into separate taxa . the original description and illustrations by esper ( [ 1789 ] ) clearly indicate that the romanian population is indistinguishable from that in the aegean . where multiple climatic conditions are present , such as along mountain chains , adults of this species are very variable in wingspan , markings and colour intensity . in fact , adult coloration is very much dependent on the temperature developing pupae are exposed to . heat produces more reddish and paler individuals , while low temperatures give rise to darker and greyer adults .
deilephila bienerti staudinger , 1874 , stettin . ent . ztg 35 : 91 . type locality : northeast persia [ iran ] , schahrud [ emamrud ] .
note . this subspecies can be very variable in both coloration and size where numerous climatic conditions occur in close proximity to each other , such as in mountainous areas . many of these forms were described as distinct subspecies but this is not warranted . subspecies ornatus , transcaucasica , anatolica , bucharana , shugnana , malatiatus , caucasica and baltistana were therefore synonymized with subsp . bienerti by pittaway ( 1993 ) and should be regarded as forms .
wingspan : 65 - - 80mm . considerably paler and browner than related subspecies . a pale , oblique median line is noticeable on the underside of the forewing ; hindwing patches more orange than red . some large specimens found above 2000m in north - west iran and kashmir tend to f . caucasica in coloration .
often common in mountainous , arid steppe , especially along rivers overgrown with hippophae or elaeagnus . although found at any altitude from 400 - - 3000m , most populations occur from 1000 - - 2000m where hippophae rhamnoides often forms discrete thickets away from rivers .
china : 29 . iv - 5 . v ( shihezi ) ; urltoken ( shihezi ) ; urltoken ( shaanxi ) ; 1 . vii ( zada ) ; vii ( yining / gulja , 1000m ) ; 5 - 31 . vii ( shihezi ) ; 28 . ix ( dingbian ) . mongolia : urltoken ( hovd prov . ) ; 19 . vii ( hovd prov . ) . russia : 19 - urltoken ( karasuk , novosibirsk area ) ; 14 . vii ( tuva ) ; 18 - 21 . vii ( altai ) ; 30 . viii ( karasuk , novosibirsk area ) .
there are two generations a year in northeastern and central china , with adults flying in may and july / august ( yang , 1978 ; chu & wang , 1982 ) . in xinjiang , the first brood emerges between late april and mid june , depending upon the weather .
ovum : pale greenish - grey , almost spherical ( 1 . 0 x 1 . 1mm ) . deposited on both the upper and under surface of leaves , usually near the edge , on the lower branches of the hostplant . thicket - edge or isolated shrubs are preferred , with up to 500 being laid by each female .
larva : full - fed 75 - - 80mm . dichromatic : unstriped or striped .
on hatching , the eggshell is ignored , the 3 - - 4mm - long larva proceeding to find a resting place below a leaf , a site to which it returns after each spell of feeding . at this stage it is dark green , thickly speckled with white and dark grey . the final instar has two colour forms . one is dark green ( in some cases suffused with pink ) , thickly speckled with white and grey ; superimposed on this are an off - white dorso - lateral line , often with orange eye - spots , and a broader , white , ventro - lateral stripe running just above the legs . horn long , thin , orange below , black above , with two elongated orange spots at its base ; head green , with two brown lines . the other colour form is silvery grey , with a black , broken dorso - lateral line from which emanate black , equally broken oblique lateral stripes with white , red , or yellow patches often present in between . head brown and grey ; horn as above . in a very rare colour form , all green coloration is replaced by pinkish brown .
larvae frequently sun themselves openly on the upper branches , amongst those they have already stripped of leaves . there is a very heavy mortality due to parasitoids . those that survive eventually become light brown before descending to find a pupation site , often after hours of perambulation on the ground .
this stage lasts as little as 28 days , during which the larva basks quite openly on the topmost branches of its hostplant .
pupa : 40 - - 50mm . pale yellowish brown , or light grey - brown , with dark brown striations . more elongated than others of the genus . enclosed in a flimsy cocoon amongst roots or under stones . the overwintering stage .
in the summer months it remains in this stage for no more than 20 days . formed in a chamber in the soil , often up to 10cm deep ( chu & wang , 1980b ) .
larval hostplants . recorded in china on elaeagnus angustifolia ( sensu lato ) and hippophae rhamnoides ( wang , 1978 ; pittaway & kitching , 2000 ) , which are also the hostplants in tajikistan ( shchetkin , 1956 ) .
china : xinjiang ( shihezi ; ürümqi ; yining / gulja ) ; nei mongol ( alxa zuoqi ; alxa youqi ) ; liaoning ; shaanxi ( dingbian ) ; ningxia ( yinchuan ; lingwu ; pingluo ) ; gansu ; xizang / tibet ( zada , 2950m ) .
mongolia hovd prov . ( bodonchijn river valley , elkhony - ekhen - tal , 30km s altai village , 1200m ( 45°43 ' n 92°05 ' e ) ; dzun - dzhargalant - khairkhan , ar - shatyn - gol ( river ) valley , 2100m ( 47°44 ' n 92°27 ' e ) ; bulgan river basin , bayan river valley , ulyastayn - sala river , 1900m ( 46°21 ' n 91°08 ' e ) ; bulgan river valley , 45km n bulgan , 1500m ; dzhungarian gobi , 45km sw bulgan , uvhod - ula mts . , 1350m ) .
russia : western siberia ( karasuk , novosibirsk area ) ; altai ( cherga ; 5km sww mikhailovskoe ) ; tuva ( khovu - aksy ) ; transbaikalia .
central ( rebel , 1933 ) , south - eastern and eastern turkey ( daniel , 1932 ; daniel , 1939 ; de freina , 2012 ) , southern ukraine ( efetov & budashkin , 1990 ; zolotuhin , pers . comm . ; vasilyuk & inozemtseva , 2003 ) , the caucasus and southern russia ( zolotuhin , pers . comm ; poltavsky , pers . comm 2003 ; anikin , 2004 ) , northern and central iran ( bienert , 1870 ; barou , 1967 ; kalali , 1976 ; ghassemi , alemansoor & alehossein , 2009 ) , turkmenistan ( danov & pereladov , 1985 ) and uzbekistan ( derzhavets , 1984 ) , the southern urals ( nupponen & fibiger , 2002 ; dubatolov , 2012 ) , eastern kazakhstan ( kondratiev coll . , nhmuk ) , western xinjiang province , china ( pittaway & kitching , 2000 ) , tajikistan ( shchetkin , 1956 ) , afghanistan ( ebert , 1969 ; daniel , 1971 ) , northern pakistan / azad kashmir ( karakoram mountains , juglot valley , 2550m , 26 . vii . 2011 ( leg . balázs benedek ) ) ( rafi et al . , 2014 ) , and north - west india / kashmir ( o . bang - haas , 1939 ) to the western tian shan .
also , china , from xinjiang province ( china ) north to the altai mountains ( izerskiy , 1999 ) and eastwards across the provinces of ningxia , gansu , shaanxi and nei mongol ( inner mongolia ) to liaoning ( chu & wang , 1980b ; pittaway & kitching , 2000 ) , and also mongolia ( derzhavets , 1977 ; yakovlev , gus ' kova , doroshkin & titov , 2015 ; yakovlev & doroshkin , 2017 ) . from these areas north to karasuk ( dubatolov , 2012 ) , the tuva a . s . s . r . ( viidalepp , 1979 ; izerskiy , 1999 ) , the altai kray ( yakovlev , dubatolov & titov , 2013 ) and lake baikal ( kondratiev coll . , nhmuk ) in russia .
holarctic ; palaearctic ( both eastern and western subregions ) . pleistocene refuge : polycentric - - caspian , iranian , turanoeremic , turkestan and mongoloeremic refugia .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
host plants : the caterpillar lives on sea buckthorn ( hippophae rhamnoides ) , in the southeast ( turkey ) also on other eleagnaceae ( eleagnus ) .
gb : seabuckthorn hawkmoth ; seathorn hawkmoth , f : sphinx de l ' argousier , d : sanddornschwärmer , ru : oblepikhovyi brazhnik ; yuzhnyi brazhnik , h : déli szender , e : esfinge del espino amarillo , fi : tyrnikiitäjä , it : sfinge dell ' olivella spinosa .
type locality : wallachei , milkowfluss bei foran [ wallachia region , southern romania ] .
holarctic ; western palaearctic region . pleistocene refuge : poly / monocentric - - adriatomediterranean and pontomediterranean subsections of the mediterranean refuge .
as with nearly all members of this genus , pairing is a short affair lasting not more than three hours , generally before midnight . afterwards , most females spend a few hours every night feeding , mainly before 23 . 00 hours and before dawn . oddly , this species does not fly very much and spends much of the night resting .
late april to early july , with a peak in mid - june . a partial second brood in august often occurs . it is not unusual for only three weeks to elapse between the two broods .
ovum : almost spherical ( 1 . 1 x 1 . 0mm ) , pale greenish grey . deposited on both the upper and under surface of leaves , usually near the edge , on the lower branches of the hostplant . thicket - edge or isolated shrubs are preferred , most eggs being laid in late june .
larva : full - fed , 75 - - 80mm . polymorphic : unstriped or striped .
on hatching , the eggshell is ignored , the 3 - - 4mm - long larva proceeding to find a resting place below a leaf , a site to which it returns after each spell of feeding . at first only the cells on the leaf upperside are eaten , leaving clear ' windows ' in the leaf ; in the second instar leaves are consumed in the normal fashion . initially pale grey with a white dorso - lateral line and grey horn , it gradually becomes dark green , thickly speckled with white and dark grey .
the final instar has several colour forms . the main one is dark green ( in some cases suffused with pink ) , thickly speckled with white and grey ; superimposed on this are an off - white dorso - lateral line , often with orange eye - spots , and a broader , white , ventro - lateral stripe running just above the legs . horn long , thin , orange below , black above , with two elongated orange spots at its base ; head green , with two brown lines .
a less common form is silvery grey , with a black , broken dorso - lateral line from which emanate black , equally broken oblique lateral stripes with white , red , or yellow patches often present in between . head brown and grey ; horn as above .
there are also two very rare colour forms in which all green coloration is replaced by either pinkish brown or dark grey / black . the latter appears more readily under cold conditions .
larvae frequently sun themselves openly on the upper branches , amongst those they have already stripped of leaves . there is a very heavy mortality due to parasitoids . those that survive eventually become light purple - brown before descending to find a pupation site , often after hours of perambulation on the ground .
most common during late june and july ; in some areas also during early september .
minor hostplants . elaeagnus angustifolia , an introduced oleaster from central and eastern turkey now established over much of southern europe . this is the main hostplant of the aegean population ( pittaway , 1982a ) . [ in captivity , the larvae will thrive on many species of ornamental elaeagnus , and will also accept epilobium angustifolium when larger . ]
pupa : 40 - - 50mm . pale yellowish brown , or light grey - brown , with dark brown striations . more elongated than others of the genus . enclosed in a flimsy yellowish cocoon amongst roots or under stones . the overwintering stage .
tachinidae : exorista fasciata ( fallén ) , exorista larvarum ( linnaeus ) , exorista grandis ( zetterstedt ) , masicera sphingivora ( robineau - desvoidy ) .
separated into two main areas which seem to be the remnants of a much larger , post - glacial range . from northeastern spain ( portbou , catalonia ( pittaway , 1983b ) ) across southern france ( frionnet , 1910 ; chanselme , 1997 ) , southern switzerland ( schweizerischer bund für naturschutz , 1997 ) and northern italy to slovenia . then , as a separate population , romania ( esper , [ 1793 ] ; székely & szabó , 1995 ; vlad dinca , pers . comm . 2007 ) , bulgaria ( beshkov , 1998 ; danner , eitschberger & surholt , 1998 ) , moldova ( derzhavets , 1984 ) , northern greece ( koutsaftikis , 1970 ; 1973 ; 1974 ) , the aegean islands ( de freina & piatkowski , 1999 ) and western turkey ( pittaway , 1982a ) .
this species will very probably also be found in more areas of northern spain , hungary and romania , countries with large areas of hostplant . it has been recorded as a vagrant in england ( gilchrist , 1979 ) , northwestern spain ( basque country ( gómez bustillo & fernández - rubio , 1976 ) ) , southern spain ( malaga ( ribbe , 1909 - 1912 ) ) , southern portugal ( near faro ) and slovakia ( danner , eitschberger & surholt , 1998 ) . recently recorded from the apennine mountains east of florenz , italy ( dapporto , fiorini , fiumi & flamigni , 2005 ) .
recorded in the past from germany ( bavaria ) ( heinemann , 1859 ; forster & wohlfahrt , 1960 ) , but no longer resident in that country ( danner , eitschberger & surholt , 1998 ) .
this species appears on the british list as a result of a supposed vagrant record from devon in approximately 1857 .
, and fly between april and june , sometimes with a second generation in august .
ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .
the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .
looking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .
procache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 15 16 : 47 : 21 page render time : 0 . 2454s total w / procache : 0 . 3098s
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en
die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . fortsetzung der europäischer schmetterlinge 6
lectotype ♀ [ romania : ] wallechei [ wallachia region ] , near foxan , milkowfluss [ milkov river ] [ wmhg ] ; designated by hacker , 1999 , esperiana 7 : 453 . the lectotype is the largest female (
das größere weibchen
) in
kasten 20
.
except where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .
we use cookies to give you the best possible experience . by using our website you agree to our use of cookies .
( taxonomic notes . ( i ) this subspecies can be very variable in both coloration and size where numerous climatic conditions occur in close proximity to each other , such as in mountainous areas . many of these forms were described as distinct subspecies but this is not warranted . subspecies ornatus , transcaucasica , anatolica , bucharana , shugnana , malatiatus , caucasica and baltistana have been synonymized with subsp . bienerti and should be regarded as forms .
wingspan : 65 - - 80mm . can be considerably paler and browner than related subspecies . a pale , oblique median line is noticeable on the underside of the forewing ; hindwing patches more orange than red . some large specimens found above 2000m in north - west iran and kashmir tend to f . caucasica in coloration .
often common in mountainous , arid steppe , especially along rivers overgrown with hippophae or elaeagnus . although found at any altitude from 400 - - 3000m , most populations occur from 1000 - - 2000m where hippophae rhamnoides often forms discrete thickets away from rivers . attracted to the flowers of cistanche at dusk ( shchetkin , 1956 ) .
larva : full - fed , 75 - - 85mm . dimorphic : unstriped or striped .
major hostplants . hippophae rhamnoides and elaeagnus spp . , especially elaeagnus angustifolia and elaeagnus hortensis in tajikistan ( shchetkin , 1956 ) . in the crimea it is found on elaeagnus argentea ( efetov & budashkin , 1990 ) .
central ( rebel , 1933 ) , south - eastern and eastern turkey ( daniel , 1932 ; daniel , 1939 ; de freina , 2012 ) , southern ukraine ( efetov & budashkin , 1990 ; zolotuhin , pers . comm . ; vasilyuk & inozemtseva , 2003 ) , the caucasus and southern european russia ( zolotuhin , pers . comm ; poltavsky , pers . comm . 2003 ; anikin , 2004 ) , the republic of georgia ( didmanidze , petrov & zolotuhin , 2013 ) , armenia ( wąsala & zamorski , 2015 ) and azerbaijan ( didmanidze , petrov & zolotuhin , 2013 ) , northern and central iran ( bienert , 1870 ; barou , 1967 ; kalali , 1976 ; ghassemi , alemansoor & alehossein , 2009 ; lehmann & zahiri , 2011 ) , turkmenistan ( danov & pereladov , 1985 ) and uzbekistan ( derzhavets , 1984 ) , the southern urals ( nupponen & fibiger , 2002 ; dubatolov , 2012 ) , eastern kazakhstan ( kondratiev coll . , nhmuk ; shovkoon , 2015 ) , western xinjiang province , china ( pittaway & kitching , 2000 ) , tajikistan ( shchetkin , 1956 ) , afghanistan ( ebert , 1969 ; daniel , 1971 ) , northern pakistan / azad kashmir ( karakoram mountains , juglot valley , 2550m , 26 . vii . 2011 ( leg . balázs benedek ) ( rafi et al . , 2014 ) ) , and north - west india / kashmir ( o . bang - haas , 1939 ) to the western tian shan .
as elaeagnus angustifolia is widely planted as a hedge and windbreak throughout eastern europe and central asia , this moth has not only expanded its range northwards ( dubatolov , 2012 ) but may turn up as a vagrant far from its resident range , e . g . the northern ukraine ( plyushch & sheshurak , 1997 ) .
the anatolian plateau forms the western resident limit of this subspecies , although individuals can penetrate as far west as istanbul .
extra - limital range . in china , from xinjiang province ( china ) north to the altai mountains ( izerskiy , 1999 ) and eastwards across the provinces of ningxia , gansu , shaanxi and nei mongol ( inner mongolia ) to liaoning ( chu & wang , 1980b ; pittaway & kitching , 2000 ) , and also mongolia ( derzhavets , 1977 ; yakovlev & doroshkin , 2017 ) . from these areas north into russia to karasuk ( dubatolov , 2012 ) , the tuva a . s . s . r . ( viidalepp , 1979 ; izerskiy , 1999 ) , the altai kray ( yakovlev , dubatolov & titov , 2013 ) and lake baikal ( kondratiev coll . , nhmuk ) .
lectotype ♂ [ turkey : toros mountains , ] bulghar dagh [ bolkar dağlari ] , lydia , [ bred ex larvae ( w . siehe ) ] [ mnhu ] ; implicitly designated by danner , eitschberger & surholt , 1998 , herbipoliana 4 ( 2 ) : 74 .
our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .
2011 - 01 - 26 by & van nieukerken , dr erik j . karsholt , dr ole & by dr ian kitching
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license
pesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
austria , bulgaria , germany , greece , spain , italy , corsica , romania , the soviet union - the european part of turkey - european part of france , switzerland , yugoslavia .
regions of the russian federation : the volga - don , east caucasus , western caucasus , lower volga , tuva , southern urals .
bulgaria , the british isles , hungary ? , germany , greece ( mainland ) , spain ( mainland ) ? , italy ( mainland ) , corsica , moldova , russia , romania , north aegean , slovenia , ukraine , france ( mainland ) croatia , switzerland .
[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )
[ 28 ] moths and butterflies of europe and north africa ( leps . it ) , 2012
note : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments
* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
the wingspan is 65–80 mm . subspecies bienerti is paler and browner than related subspecies . a pale , oblique median line is noticeable on the underside of the forewing . the hindwing patches are more orange than red .
larvae of subspecies bienerti have been recorded on elaeagnus angustifolia and hippophae rhamnoides in china and tajikistan .