samson and goliath are the twin shipbuilding gantry cranes situated at queen 's island , belfast , northern ireland .

the cranes , which were named after the biblical figures samson and goliath , dominate the belfast skyline and are landmark structures of the city .

comparative newcomers to the city , the cranes rapidly came to symbolise belfast in a way that no building or monument had hitherto done .

samson and goliath ( cranes )

samson & goliath cranes , belfast : address , samson & goliath cranes reviews : 4 . 5 / 5
samson and goliath goliath being completed in 1969 and samson , in 1974 . goliath stands 96 metres ( 315 ft ) tall , while samson is taller at 106 metres ( 348 ft ) . goliath , the smaller of the two sits slightly further inland closer to belfast city . both cranes are still in operation .
the giant samson and goliath cranes at belfast ' s shipyard are to remain part of the city ' s skyline .
the two great yellow - painted gantry cranes samson and goliath have become icons of belfast , dominating the entire city skyline .
harland and wolff still use the samson and goliath cranes in construction work . e . g wind turbines , oil rigs and so on .
the cranes , known locally as samson and goliath , are of krupp ardelt design , modified to meet harland and wolff’s special requirements .
it still boasts the biggest dry dock in western europe , sitting in the shadow of the giant gantry cranes samson and goliath .
the two great yellow - painted gantry cranes samson and goliath have become icons of belfast , dominating not just queen’s island but the entire city skyline .
a prominent feature of the belfast skyline is the harland and wolff cranes , samson and goliath . when people think of harland and wolff and belfast , the image of the cranes is usually the first thing that comes to mind , after the titanic . the crane samson was built in 1974 and the crane goliath in 1969 [ 4 ] .
samson and goliath or the two h & w yellow cranes are part of the fabric of belfast . most people will associate belfast with them when seen on tv . when you get up close and personal which we did yesterday , they are huge with samson being by the water and goliath behind . would love to see a restaurant at the top ! !
goliath was built in 1969 and is temporarily out of action because of refurbishment work . samson was erected in 1974 . they can carry loads of up to 840 tonnes .
constructed to service the vast new graving dock at harland and wolff , goliath ( the smaller at 315 ft ) began work in 1969 , and the 348ft samson five years later . each of the krupp - ardelt designed cranes can lift loads of up to 840 tons .
by the 1950s , it employed around 35 , 000 . its two massive yellow cranes , samson and goliath , are probably belfast ' s best - known landmark . shipbuilding remains the core industry , but the firm has lately been constructing oil rigs and other vessels used in off - shore exploration .
harland and wolff are still in operation on the island today , with the skyline dominated by their famous twin gantry cranes , samson and goliath , built in 1974 and 1969 respectively . while a large proportion of their work is now focused on the offshore wind power industry , the company recently carried out work on restoring both
in most respects the cranes are identical but samson is some 10m higher than the goliath . each has a span of 140m ( 460 feet ) and a safe working load of 840 tonnes . goliath has a height from rail tracks to the underside of the bridge girders of 70m ( 230 feet ) and an overall height of 96m ( 316 feet ) . samson has an overall height of 106m ( 348 feet ) with a height of 80m ( 263 feet ) from tracks to the underside of bridge girders .
the cranes , are of krupp ardelt design , modified to meet harland and wolff ' s special requirements . the first , goliath , completed in july 1969 , was largely constructed by harland and wolff in the belfast shipyard , the second , samson , was provided in its entirety by krupps and was completed in may 1974 .
these cranes at harland and wolff can be seen from miles around and are an essential part of the . . .
belfast is the last british city with a skyline dominated by a shipyard . the giant cranes of harland and wolff - goliath and samson - loom over queen ' s island , near the mouth of the river lagan . they symbolise the city itself , as much as the 150 - year - old company which has launched 1700 ships into belfast lough .
the famous harland & wolff cranes dominate the belfast skyline . inaccessible to the public ,
the dup reacted furiously to the revelations though , insisting that the cranes were no longer allowed to donate blood , bake cakes or get married . they’ve also called their biblical names into question . “it’s an affront to the good book to have these sodomites call themselves samson and goliath . ” said dup spokesman alister redface . “we demand their first names be changed to something more suitable for two cranes . like frasier & niles ! ”
michael coulter of the environment and heritage service said the cranes were a landmark for visitors to the city .
the first , goliath , was completed in july 1969 and was largely constructed by harland and wolff within the company , whilst the second , samson , was provided by krupps in its entirety and was completed in may 1974 . in most respects the cranes are identical but the second is some 10m higher than the first . each has a span of 140m ( 460 ft ) and a safe working load of 840 tonnes .
cool cranes to look at from near and afar . definitely a cool skyline attraction for some photo . . .
i always thought there could be an amazing panoramic restaurant on top of one of the cranes .
the giant cranes are at the harlan and wolf shipyard . they have become an iconic part of the . . .
this is a photo from 1975 . looks absolutely class ! you can see the 2 old slipways with the cranes around them up near victoria park . you can see the stripes on the corners of goliath also . . . image hosted on flickr urltoken
shopping was the next eagerly awaited part of the outing with the group spending a few hours ( and money ! ) in both victoria square and the castlecourt shopping centres . there was just enough time for the group to visit the site of the titanic dock under the shadows of the giant samson and goliath cranes before entering the odyssey arena to witness more ‘giants’ , this time the ice hockey variety , the belfast giants , in their game against the nottingham panthers .
i ' m just about old enough to remember the cranes being assembled and i have no recollection of them ever being red .
does anyone know if they are planning to repaint the cranes , and eventually incorpoate the cranes into titanic quarter . it would be cool if they turned one of the cranes into an
observation tower
, whereby you could go to the top and look out over the city ! kinda silly , but i think it would make a great place for a bungee jump haha !
they never used to sit as close in as they do now if i can remember correctly . i think when the yard was busy the cranes where mostly down over the dry dock . goliath seems now to be mostly parked at the very end of its rails .
these cranes at harland and wolff can be seen from miles around and are an essential part of the history of belfast ' s history of the shipbuilding industry .
goliath , who first arrived in belfast in 1969 , told us “the early years were lonely for me , but when samson arrived in 73 i finally had some company ! we started out friends , but after years of him watching him sliding up and down my dock i eventually admitted the truth – that i had feelings for him . ”
northern ireland office minister angela smith said :
these cranes are an essential part of our city , our roots and our culture .
with its two giant yellow cranes - - known as samson and goliath - - dominating the belfast skyline as one of the city ' s best - known landmarks , harland & wolff had already sensed that it would lose the bid . on wednesday its chief executive , brynjulv mugaas , notified the shipyard ' s 1 , 745 workers that they could be laid off in 90 days , sending a chill through the northern ireland economy and deepening the gloom in the british - administered province from the failure to date of attempts at reconciliation and self - government .
in addition to lifting gear the upper trolley also carries the driver ' s cab which is attached to an outrigger . the cab affords all - round vision for the driver who is in telephonic communication with a number of points on the crane itself , and in u . h . f . radio communication with the ground . the goliath cab is fixed while the samson cab can be slewed .
the giant cranes are at the harlan and wolf shipyard . they have become an iconic part of the harbor skyline . this is where the titanic and many other historic ships were built .
three dozen of his own photographs taken over the past thirty years . they depict harland and wolff’s gantry cranes from a variety of viewpoints and constitute a modest tribute to the two biblical giants and to the city they have come to symbolise
like many relationships though the cranes have had problems . “aye we’ve had lots and lots of ups and downs between us through the years” revealed goliath . “we’d be really close one day , but we’d wake up the next to find we’d somehow drifted apart . for some reason big stuff has always tried to come between us , but when it does we just work through it together ! a problem shared is a problem halved . ”
although not officially classed as wonders of the world , the two massive cranes in harland and wolff belfast , which serve one of the world’s largest building docks , are certainly masterpieces of engineering .
they were at their biggest in 1918 , they had 56 , 000 employees . still can ' t track down the photo of the cranes when they were grey .
harland and wolff were still one of the world ' s great shipbuilders at the time and the building of the two cranes , during a difficult period for shipbuilding in belfast , was seen as a sign of faith in the future .
the history attracts people to the cranes , but to make them stay is to add evening lights or a small museum of the plant . . then they would be visible iconic
i vaguely remember the cranes at h & w being red in the 70 ' s , though i was only a child . anyone any pictures . maybe i ' m imagining things !
the cranes , which are over 300 ft high , have been
scheduled
under the historic monuments and archaeological objects ( northern ireland ) order 1995 which ensures that any action to alter or change them would need consent .
the cranes can be seen from almost anywhere in belfast they are so big . they can also be seen from the stranraer ferry while still out at sea and before entering belfast lough . climb up to scrabo tower in newtownards and you can see them . . .
cool cranes to look at from near and afar . definitely a cool skyline attraction for some photo opportunities . stayed in towers next to harbor and had a miserable two night stay renting through halcyon apartments . our room looked out directly over shipyard with nice views . . .
i ' m pretty sure i remember a time when one of the h & w cranes was yellow and one was white . that was when i was a kid . . . so i ' m thinking very late 80s or early 90s .
guangzhou wenchong yard china - there is a yard in china that has at least 2 of these cranes and they are red , this could be it . can anyone source a better panorama . i think yellow is the best colour as per belfast .
iconic in belfast , the two gantry cranes provide a visual reminder of belfasts shipbuilding history and in particular h & w , the company behind titanic . perhaps more for history lovers , it is a must take picture for anyone visiting this part of belfast .
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it now has a labour force of just 130 and is involved in ship repair and conversion work , ship design and bridge building .
as a journalist in both parts of ireland , and in the united states and africa .
samson too felt an early attraction . “we both were interested in similar things , such as boats , lifting dead heavy stuff and the colour yellow . it was uncanny ! i remember looking at him across the harbour one day and realising how handsome he was . i used to just find myself gazing at him for hours . one day he actually caught me staring at him whilst he was taking a ship ! # awkward”
with belfast’s pride festival well underway , the two cranes that dominate the belfast skyline have sensationally revealed that they are in a ‘happy , consenting adult relationship’ , or as one observer put it , ‘they’re pure bucking the life out of each other’ .
each crane consists basically of the pier ( box ) leg , the sheer ( tube ) legs , the bridge girders , and two lifting trolleys . the pier leg is of box construction and contains a stairway to the bridge girders and a four - man lift which operates at a speed of 0 . 5 m / sec . for a height of about 54 . 4m ( 180 feet ) ; in the case of samson the height is 70 . 4m ( 232 feet ) .
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the lagan valley regional park is located between stranmillis , belfast and union locks , lisburn and covers some 4 , 500 acres of countryside and eleven miles of riverbank .
the cranes can be seen from almost anywhere in belfast they are so big . they can also be seen from the stranraer ferry while still out at sea and before entering belfast lough . climb up to scrabo tower in newtownards and you can see them peeping over the holywood hills . indeed i saw them from a plane while flying over lisburn as we orientated to land at belfast international airport . of course the h & w sign means
hello and welcome
!
the harland and wolff shipyard was founded in 1862 . it was founded by edward james harland and gustav wilhelm wolff .
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botanic gardens is an important part of belfast’s victorian heritage and a popular meeting place for residents , students and tourists . it was established in 1828 by the belfast botanic and horticultural society , in response to public interest in horticulture and botany .
between 1900 and 1930 , harland and wolff was belfast ' s biggest employer by a long way . thousands of people worked in the ship yards and demand for ocean liners was huge .
at its height , harland and wolff and the ship yard in belfast became one of the biggest ship builders in the world .
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upper and lower trolleys are driven by trolley travel gears and all trackwheels can be driven or braked . a maintenance slewing crane of 13 tonnes capacity is arranged on top of the pier leg , and can directly pick up components out of the trolleys and the machinery room and lower these to the ground . the radius and lifting capacity of this crane is suitable for the heaviest machinery components .
titanic belfast is the world ' s largest titanic visitor experience and a must - see on any visit to belfast and northern ireland .
located within 300 yards of sse arena and 0 . 6 miles of titanic belfast in belfast , ryan and benjis apartment has accommodations with seating area and flat - screen tv . complimentary wifi is offered .
belfast zoological gardens is located in north belfast on the slopes of cave hill and and is home to more than 1000 animals and 150 species , many of which are in danger in their natural habitat .
wikipedia , post war period and decline , harland and wolff . available [ online ] from : urltoken [ accessed 24 february 2007 ] .
the yards now occupied 80 acres and employed 10 , 000 men , having expanded from 1 . 5 acres and 100 men in 1854 .
. with over 18 , 000 people living and working there daily , the quarter has also played host to blockbuster film and television shows with the opening of titanic studios in the old h & w paint halls , and is home to major leisure , entertainment and outdoor events .
where the students were given quick tour through the college and the new £40 million library . from there the short and scenic walk through the
from what i ' ve heard , they were grey / white initially , before getting the yellow coating we all admire today . i have to say that looking through photos of other yard ' s cranes on this thread has got me appreciating ours even more . without wanting to sound complacent or arrogant , ours easily look the best - the bright yellow colouring , complete with the iconic h & w across the top . in my mind , nothing symbolises belfast more than these two icons . my favouite view is from the front of the hss - when looking out the front viewing gallery , even before the vessel enters belfast lough , the first things you notice are the two cranes , all of 20 miles ahead of you , in the distance . it remins you that you are neary home , and i love it .
belfast ' s biggest and best halloween event and fireworks display takes place on wednesday 31 october from 18 : 00 at the slipways , titanic belfast .
step back in time with the award winning my tour talk and the new ‘titanic in belfast’ 2012 app for android and iphone . you need this app if your coming to belfast and especially if your coming to titanic belfast .
belfast cathedral is the church of st . anne . the cathedral seeks to maintain an anglican and irish ethos and identity in its daily worship , whilst providing a hospitable space for civic , community and inter - church services .
nestled in the heart of the belfast harbour estate , belfast wow is home to birds and wildlife from all over the world , and you can get up close and personal with them from the comfort of the visitor centre .
come face to face with dinosaurs , meet an ancient egyptian mummy and see modern masterpieces with a visit to the ulster museum . as northern ireland’s treasure house of the past and present , the museum is home to a rich collection of art , history and natural sciences and free to all visitors .
owned and operated by lagan legacy , this unique attraction , afloat on the beautiful banks of the river lagan behind belfast waterfront , brings the past and present together in its stunning museum , multi - use venue space and cafe .
founded in 1788 , linen hall library is a truly unique institution . as the oldest library in belfast and the last subscribing library in ireland , it has an impressive irish and local studies collection and houses a significant genealogy section .
the mac ( metropolitan arts centre ) is belfast’s brand new arts venue . they select , create and mix up music , theatre , dance and art - bringing you the very best of local and international talent under one roof .
the harland and wolff shipyard was founded in 1862 [ 1 ] . it was founded by edward james harland and gustav wilhelm wolff [ 2 ] . at its height , harland and wolff and the ship yard in belfast became one of the biggest ship builders in the world . harland and wolff own the world ' s largest dry dock , which is in belfast [ 3 ] .
we are having a recruitment drive at the moment , and that ' s across the board to include directors , welders and engineers ,
he said .
and we are initially advertising locally , to attract local workers .
the first and only segway city guided tour in the uk ! and what better way to explore all the sights of this historic area by using these futuristic and amazing machines . you will quite simply glide from one area to the next .
victoria square is belfast’s number one shopping destination with fantastic shops and eateries split over four levels and topped by an iconic dome with panoramic views across the city .
the last remaining white star line vessel , ss nomadic , has been restored to her original glory and is back home in historic hamilton dock , near titanic belfast . come on board and experience over 100 years of authentic maritime and social history .
construction began on the harland and wolff headquarters and drawing offices in the late 1800s . in addition to administrative offices , the building featured beautiful barrel - vaulted drawing offices where rms titanic and 1 , 000 other ships were conceived and designed . today it still stands in the same spot , now a b + listed building , and is home to not only titanic quarter office space but the historic drawing offices will be restored and transformed into a boutique 4 - star hotel , opening september 2017 .
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great place and location . we stayed 2 nights and did a lot of sightseeing . happy to be able to get some laundry done . trevor was awesome !
central location to explore belfast and easy access to motorway network to explore northern ireland .
there ' s historical and engineering significance , and visually , it ' s an extremely important statement as well on our entire cityscape of belfast ,
he said .
the decline has been long and cruel . in the 1970s , when the yard was struggling to compete for oil - tanker orders against the japanese and koreans , the sardonic joke was that the last ship harland and wolff delivered on time was the titanic .
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the original queen mary , launched in 1934 , was retired from service in 1967 and is now a floating exhibit and hotel in the harbor at long beach , calif .
located in the titanic quarter neighborhood in belfast , ck serviced apartments offers a garden and sun terrace . guests can enjoy the on - site restaurant , cafes and grocery store .
although ships are still built in harland and wolff today , the number of ships and people actually employed is much less than in the hay day of the early 20th century .
equal opportunity legislation has put an end to the discrimination and bigotry which once marred the shipyard ' s name . and though it has shrunk , it remains a key employer of skilled labour and a major contributor to the northern ireland economy . last autumn , as it faced a potentially crippling financial crisis , peace mediator george mitchell stepped in to patch up another agreement , between harland and wolff and one of its american customers , global marine .
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harland and wolff own the world ' s largest dry dock , which is in belfast .
tesla tycoon elon musk enjoys belfast pub grub and game of thrones set visit . . .
the crumlin road gaol is a nineteenth century grade a listed building that has recently undergone a significant restoration , and recently reopened to the public for guided tours , concerts and events .
founded by englishman sir edward james harland and german - born gustav wilhelm wolff , the company was a vitally important employer offering a plethora of jobs including welding , riveting , plumbing and painting . and during the second world war , its mighty workforce peaked at 35 , 000 .
dublin ' s james joyce bridge and the new ha ' penny bridge were also built there .
now sits was once occupied by a plater’s shed and materials store , while the site currently occupied by the odyssey pavilion and sse arena was used for coal depots during the early 1900s . the
boasting 360 degree views that stretch for miles across the city and local landmarks such as harland & wolff , parliament buildings and belfast castle , the dome is a must visit when in belfast .
i really can’t say enough good things about this apartment . first off the check it process was really easy and communication between owner was very clear . ryan met us at the door and showed us down to secure underground parking . apartment is exactly as pictured and very modern . nice spacious and included all amenities ( the washing machine was especially handy ) . comfortable bed . the location is great because it is so close to the titanic museum and about a 15 minute walk to city centre . we hired ryan for a city tour which was really awesome ! comfortable car and very informative .
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really iconic sight of belfast skyline . can be seen from many places and dominate the titanic quarter .
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but now harland and wolff is staring glumly into a future dark with uncertainty . its order book is ominously slender , and its finances are in turmoil following a series of hugely expensive disputes with customers .
the titanic belfast visitor attraction extends over nine galleries , with multiple dimensions to the exhibition . drawing together special effects , dark rides , full - scale reconstructions and innovative interactive features you will explore the titanic story in a fresh and insightful way from her conception in belfast in the early 1900s , through her construction and launch , to her infamous maiden voyage and catastrophic demise . the journey goes beyond the aftermath of the sinking , to the discovery of the wreck and continues into the present day in the ocean exploration centre .
let your imagination run riot among the unusual plants , colours , sculptures and magical features of rowallane garden .
redburn country park is set on an escarpment above belfast lough , featuring 7km of pathways and running trails .
sir thomas and lady dixon park in south belfast is one of the city ' s most popular parks .
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step back in time with the award winning my tour talk and the new ‘titanic in belfast’ 2012 app .
as the last place titanic rested on dry land , the dock is titanic’s physical ‘footprint’ in history . learn about belfast’s incredible maritime heritage and shipbuilding legacy and peer into the vast dock where titanic was fitted out .
we loved titanic quarters . the directions provided were clear and although it took a fair bit of concentration as it was complex , it was completely accurate and convenient , including key pickup . the . . .
the last order on its books is due for completion this summer and , while it is bidding for orders from the british defense ministry and shell oil , it has no work to offer its employees later this year .
set in belfast , 2625 feet from titanic belfast , titanic quarter features accommodations with free wifi and a garden .
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by margaret canning a t the institute of directors ( iod ) northern ireland annual dinner on thursday night , a photo opportunity with his mother aileen and sisters debra and judith on the stairs of titanic belfast was a . . .
with balcony views of belfast lough , this modern apartment is located in the titanic quarter and offers free private parking .
spent 3 nights recently in the europa and from our experience could certainly recommend the hotel . the location of the hotel is ideal especially for first time visitors to belfast being right in the city centre and a short walk to many of the main attractions and shopping . hotel does not have its own car park but advises on a private . . .
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they were grey . remember seeing a photo of them paint grey with yellow and black stripes on the top corners .
luxury one bed duplex apartment , with terrace , situated in the titanic quarter of belfast . free wifi and a secure underground car parking space . surrounded by major attractions , nightlife and restaurants . a great location to base yourself in belfast .
parliament buildings is home to the northern ireland assembly , the legislative body for northern ireland . open to the public between 9am and 4pm monday to friday , you can see first - hand the building and beautiful surroundings of the stormont estate .
wikipedia , early history , harland and wolff . available [ online ] from : urltoken [ accessed 24 february 2007 ] .
titanic ship no . 401 built in 1912 with a tonnage of 46329grt , a length of 883ft , a beam of 92ft 6in and a service speed of 21 knots . on 3rd april 1912 the largest ship in the world was handed over and on 10th april she commenced her maiden voyage from southampton to new york with calls at cherbourg and queenstown ( cobh ) .
once one of northern ireland ' s flagship companies , harland and wolff has slipped into decline over the past two decades .
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discover the story behind belfast’s maritime magic at the site of the thompson dry - dock and pump - house , once the beating heart of harland & wolff during the construction of the great white star liners - the britannic , olympic and titanic .
the giants managed a 4 - 3 victory in an entertaining game and the group were thrilled to get the chance to meet some of the star players and get their autographs after the game . ( thanks to trisha for arranging ! ) the chants of ‘let’s go giants’ were still ringing in our ears as we made our way backdown the m2 and home for the holidays .
this 10m ( 32ft ) salmon was commissioned in 1999 to celebrate the regeneration of the river lagan and the historic importance of the site . the outer ‘skin’ is a cladding of ceramic tiles decorated with texts and images relating to the history of belfast .
the cranes run on an 800m track which spans the dock and the block assembly area where large weldments are made up . the loaded weight of each crane - approximately 4000 tonnes - is taken on 64 special anti - friction bearing mounted wheels , each of 90 . 2cm ( 35½ins . ) diameter . twelve identical driving motors are fitted - six to each leg - so arranged to provide direct drive to 36 of the wheels . hydraulically - operated rail clamps are fitted to prevent the crane from being blown along the track in high winds . in operation each crane moves along the track at a speed of about 30 metres ( 98 feet ) per minute , although this can be increased to 45 metres ( 147 feet ) per minute for loads of 100 tonnes or less .
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harcourt is an international property development company with over 50 years experience restoring and renovating listed heritage buildings . since 2003 , harcourt has developed film studios , educational facilities , apartments and visitor attractions ; helping to make titanic quarter a prestigious new community for belfast .
one of belfast’s most iconic buildings , belfast city hall first opened its doors in august 1906 and is belfast’s civic building . it’s located in donegall square , in the heart of belfast city centre . take a free public tour and discover its fascinating history .
as the only full - time producing theatre in northern ireland , the lyric makes a unique and vital contribution to the community . its mission is to produce high - quality professional theatre that is alive to the complex cultural experience and diverse traditions of the community .
the present st . george’s market , built 1890 - 1896 , is one of belfast’s oldest attractions . the market is home to some of the finest fresh produce , with customers travelling near and far to sample the delights of friday , saturday and sunday markets .
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the musgrave ( east ) yard within harland & wolff there were four quite separate shipyards ; queens with 3 slips , the abercorn and the victoria with 4 slips each and the musgrave ( also known as east yard ) which had 6 slips . with shipbuilders being as superstitious as seafarers no slip was ever given the number 13 and no ship would ever have been launched on a friday the 13th !
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since then , it has specialised first in super - carriers , and latterly in high - tech oil rigs and support vessels . neither its expertise nor its capacity are in doubt . the company has built carriers of up to 330 , 000 tons capacity - three times the size of the qm2 specification - and claims that if anyone ever wants a million - ton ship , it could build one .
titanic belfast is a ' must see ' visit in any tour of belfast , and is now the world ' s leading visitor attraction .
sea quest the largest oil rig launched in in the uk . the first structure of this nature and size in the world to enter the water in one peice . built for bp at a cost of 3 . 5 million pounds and launched on 8 january 1966 . the entire structure was 320 feet ( 98 m ) high and weighed 150 , 000 tons , including three legs each 35 feet ( 11 m ) in diameter and 160 feet ( 49 m ) long . owing to its great size the rig occupied three slips of the musgrave yard .
mr . mugaas , the chief executive , said london did not take advantage of european union regulations permitting loans and financial support to shipbuilders .
' ' i would say that this has been a learning experience , and not only for harland & wolff , ' ' he said . and he found a sports metaphor to make his point that one defeat need not mean the end of the line for the belfast yard .
the focus of the trip then changed to more recent history as our faithful bus driver charlie mc namee treated the group to a bus tour of belfast , taking us up the nationalist falls road through the peace wall and down the loyalist shankill road and all their respective murals .
get up into the hills above belfast . experience the belfast hills , renowned for providing a unique backdrop to a thriving urban area . being so close to the city , fantastic views over belfast and beyond can be easily enjoyed at cave hill and belfast castle or black mountain .
one of belfast ' s most iconic buildings , belfast city hall first opened its doors in august 1906 and is belfast ' s civic building .
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for a couple of hours . some of the exhibits on display included a retrospective of the artist william scott’s work and an ancient egyptian mummy .
belfast castle estate is adjacent to one of the highest spots in belfast , cave hill , offering great views over belfast lough and the city .
with a history of shipbuilding dating back as far as the late 1700s , queen’s island has a rich and unique maritime heritage , preserved today by the charity titanic foundation ltd . occupied for the most part by renowned shipbuilders harland and wolff , the island has witnessed colossal growth , survived a blitz , overcome a gradual decline in industry and is once again experiencing rapid development as part of one of the world’s largest urban - waterfront regeneration projects .
clifton house , formerly the poor house , was built in 1774 by the belfast charitable society and is one of belfast ' s most historic buildings .
it once employed tens of thousands of people and was one of the world ' s shipbuilding jewels as well as the beating heart of east belfast .
it now employs hundreds , working across a range of areas including wind farm projects and oil rig refits - with the massive byford dolphin currently docked .
pickie funpark has always been one of northern ireland’s top attractions with an 18 - hole mini - golf course , giant pedal swans and children’s . . .
the belfast yard is hoping against hope that the final decision will be swayed by cunard ' s long - and marketable - tradition of british - built liners . the problem is that harland and wolff has not built a passenger vessel since the launch of the supremely beautiful p & o liner canberra in 1961 .
thus , said a spokesman for northern ireland ' s industrial development board , the principal government agency seeking domestic investment , while 1 , 745 jobs may be lost at the shipyard , 1 , 000 jobs have been promised this year alone by canadian and japanese companies setting up internet and telecommunications - related businesses .
one of our premier tourist attractions must have top notch places to eat , and titanic belfast certainly does . everything is freshly made with the finest local ingredients .
the boland class along with their class teacher mr white and sna trisha redmond enjoyed a nice end to the first term with an activity packed trip to belfast .
aunt sandra’s candy factory is nationally renowned as one of the finest purveyors of hand made chocolates , fudge and boiled sweets , made from 100 year old recipes .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a little slice of northern irish humour ( edited for those of a sensitive nature ) - i was once told ireland looks like a baby - the legs in cork and kerry , the arms in mayo and galway , the belly button at dublin ( a reminent of the chord attached to britain ) and the brains in the north . sums it up well i think . . . .
after their trip , guests tell us about their stay . we check for naughty words and verify the authenticity of all guest reviews before adding them to our site .
and yet the company , now part of the norwegian based fred olsen conglomerate , remains part of belfast ' s culture , as much as its skyline . in its glory days it employed 15 , 000 men , turning out warships , cargo vessels and passenger liners for the world . now the workforce is less than 2 , 000 .
no 1 has a height from the rail tracks to the underside of the bridge girders of 70m ( 230 ft ) and an overall height of 96m ( 316 ft ) .
the existing slipways in the north yard ( nos . 1 - 4 shown on the map below ) were re - engineered to create two larger slipways ( nos . 2 and 3 shown in the revised plans from 1911 below ) which would be big enough and strong enough to accommodate the huge , heavy hulls of olympic and titanic . sir william arrol & co . of glasgow was also commissioned to build the enormous arrol gantry over the new slipways , weighing almost 6000 tonnes once completed . this remained in use until the 1960s .
dear zena1 , thank you for posting such a positive review of your recent stay at the europa hotel . i am delighted you had such a fantastic stay with ourselves and received the full service the europa has to offer . i have passed on your fantastic feedback to our staff . we are so happy you enjoyed your visit to belfast and . . .
however harland and wolff spokesman ali minium congratulated the pair saying “we should have seen the signs sooner really . they are the most outrageously fabulous couple on queens island after all ! ”
the ni war memorial opened in 2007 and replaced an earlier building , memorial house , which was situated in waring street on a site which was bombed during the blitz in 1941 .
with a combined lifting capacity of over 1 , 600 tonnes , one of the largest in the world , locals say the h & w initials stand for ' hello and welcome ' .
the dock cafe opened its doors in march 2012 and has gone from strength to strength with a honest box policy , it offers a place to relax at a very low cost for everyone .
titanic belfast is the world’s largest titanic visitor experience and a must see when in belfast . it is located in titanic quarter , right beside the historic site of this world famous ship’s construction .
established in 1895 , the grand opera house is northern ireland’s premier theatre , presenting a range of drama , dance , opera , comedy , musicals , pantomime , family and west end shows .
located in belfast , just 100 yards from sse arena , titanic quarters provides accommodations with a garden , a terrace and free wifi . this property is a 12 - minute walk from the waterfront hall .
even though harland and wolff is no longer one of the world ' s great ship building firms , the dry dock at queen ' s island is to be preserved , it was announced on thursday .
special devices ensure that the legs move at identical speeds , thus preventing skewing . if , however , the legs should become more than 250 mm out of step the drive to all wheels is automatically cut off . in the skewed position only the sheer leg can be moved until correct alignment is regained with the pier leg . extensive safety devices and electrical interlocks are provided for all movements and operating conditions .
even in its high - tech glory , harland and wolff seems an anachronism in british industry , which has long since lost the taste for heavy engineering projects which cannot hope to turn a fast buck .
this is a preferred partner property . it ' s committed to giving guests a positive experience with its excellent service and great value . this property might pay urltoken a little more to be in this program .
built in 1911 , nomadic provides the story of titanic ' s little sister , the only tangible surviving link with the world ' s most famous ship and the last white star line vessel in the world .
enjoy outstanding beauty within easy reach of belfast city centre at barnett demesne , located next to malone house . it is home to an annual spring fair , which offers music , entertainment and wildlife displays each april .
the problem is that the particular skills needed to assemble and fit out a luxury liner faded out of the shrinking british shipbuilding industry more than a generation ago . the john brown yard on the clyde , which launched the original queen mary in 1936 , is no more than a memory . the yards of the tyne , the wear and the mersey have gone the same way , as have most of the great royal naval dockyards .
cunard spoke of ' ' a majestic trans - atlantic ship recalling the grandeur and sumptuousness of the titanic . ' ' the queen mary 2 would be cunard ' s first new ship in 30 years , surpassing in style and size its current flagship , the queen elizabeth 2 . cunard has said that the new vessel , to be launched in 2003 , would be ' ' strikingly different from modern hotels on the water . ' '
but of course , a decline in shipbuilding in the 1950s meant less work in its traditional field - with harland & wolff subsequently diversifying into sectors such as renewable energy , while still working in ship design and repair .
prime minister tony blair rejected the criticism , saying : ' ' we did everything we could . we are looking at what other help and assistance we can give , but we did everything we legitimately could . ' '
now known as titanic quarter , in recognition of both the size of the area and the city’s most famous ship , rms titanic , the region has seen a renewed vigour with over 3 . 5 million tourists visiting the
all this came from humble roots , when in 1791 , william ritchie from ayrshire in scotland arrived in belfast with a crew of 10 men , some shipbuilding apparatus and materials to start a shipyard . his first ship , the 300 ton hibernian , was launched one year later , kick - starting the shipbuilding industry on the island which would eventually lead to the rise of one of the largest shipyards in the world – harland and wolff .
anvil point the last ship to be built at harland and wolff set sail from queen ' s island on saturday the 22nd march 2003 at approx 5 : 30pm , ending almost 150 years of shipbuilding at the famous yard .


a pulpotomy is the removal of a portion of the pulp , including the diseased aspect , with the intent of maintaining the vitality of the remaining pulpal tissue by means of a therapeutic dressing .

a healthy tooth has a space inside it called the " pulp space " which is filled with soft tissues - nerves , blood vessels , and pink connective tissue .

if a tooth gets a large cavity , the bacteria in the decay can damage the pulp , which is often what causes toothache .

damage to the pulp of permanent teeth usually requires a root canal treatment or endodontic therapy .

the pulp of primary or deciduous teeth , which only have to survive until an adult teeth come in , and because they have a better blood supply , can sometimes be saved .

pulpotomy

types of pulpotomies non - vital pulpotomy ( mortal pulpotomy ) electrosurgical pulpotomy laser pulpotomy preservation pulpotomy gluteraldehyde . ferric sulphate partial / cvek’s pulpotomy cervical –webbers pulpotomy regenerative pulpotomy
depending upon the size of exposure 1 . partial pulpotomy ( shallow , low level or cvek’s pulpotomy ) 2 . cervical pulpotomy ( deep , high level total or conventional pulpotomy ) classified depending upon the number of visits 1 . single visit pulpotomy 2 . multiple visit pulpotomy
1 . devitalization pulpotomy ( mummification , cauterization ) formocresol pulpotomy electrosurgical pulpotomy laser pulpotomy 2 . preservation ( minimum devitalization , non inductive ) gluteraldehyde ferric sulfate 3 . regeneration ( inductive & reperative ) calcium hydroxide bone morphogenic protein
in the study conducted by mack and dean , the success rate for electrosurgical pulpotomy was significantly higher than that for formocresol pulpotomy .
vital pulpotomy is a single - stage procedure defined as the surgical amputation of the coronal portion of exposed vital pulp . various pulpotomy - covering medications have been used in the pulpotomy of primary teeth .
this study was designed to compare the clinical and radiographic success of electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy techniques used on human primary molar teeth requiring vital pulpotomy .
a pulpotomy is the removal of the nerve inside the tooth . pulpotomy is indicated when tooth decay breaches the pulp of the primary tooth . traditional pulpotomy gets the job done , but there’s a smarter way to work .
ruemping dr , morton th jr , anderson mw . electrosurgical pulpotomy in primates–a comparison with formocresol pulpotomy . pediatr dent . 1983 ; 5 : 14–8 .
favourable clinical and radiographic success rates of ferric sulphate pulpotomy , comparable to formocresol were obtained . therefore , ferric sulphate can be recommended as a pulpotomy medicament .
calcium hydroxide became recognized as a valuable pulpotomy material after its use by miomir cvek for performing pulpotomy in 1978 . [ 1 ] calcium hydroxide has several disadvantages :
an adult tooth cannot be saved with a pulpotomy plus a filling / crown .
fs and es can be considered alternative materials for the pulpotomy of primary molars .
liu jf , chen lr , chao sy . laser pulpotomy of primary teeth .
ruemping dr , morton th jr , anderson mw . electrosurgical pulpotomy in primates : a comparison with formocresol pulpotomy . pediatr dentist 1983 ; 5 : 14 - 8 .
this study evaluated the clinical outcome of pulpotomy of primary teeth with three different methods .
sheller b , morton th jr . electrosurgical pulpotomy : a pilot study in humans .
our results showed the failure rates for electrosurgical pulpotomy to be equal to those for formocresol pulpotomy . although electrosurgical pulpotomy is a nonpharmacological technique giving favorable results , it is still a preservative technique . further studies using larger samples and longer evaluation periods are recommended .
pulpotomy can be classified according to treatment objectives ( don m . ranly 1994 ) .
concluded that it was premature to recommend pulpotomy using the electrosurgical approach . we do not believe this to be the best conclusion as their study was intended to compare two pulpal medications following electrosurgical pulpotomy , and not to compare the success rates for electrosurgical vs formocresol pulpotomy .
our findings also support the hypothesis that the success rate for electrosurgical pulpotomy is comparable to that for formocresol pulpotomy . although electrosurgical pulpotomy is a nonpharmacological and easy technique with favorable results , it is still a preservative technique and the cost of electrosurgical equipment is a drawback .
] . we report a case of complicated crown fracture who was treated with partial pulpotomy .
mejàre i , cvek m . partial pulpotomy in young permanent teeth with deep carious lesions .
the tooth is immature and root formation is incomplete . the partial pulpotomy can offer a superb
the results of our study indicate that the fs and electrosurgical pulpotomy appears comparable to the fc pulpotomy for human primary molars . further studies are needed to evaluate the histological effect of these methods as well as compare these methods to pulpotomy with new bioregenerative materials . moreover , other factors that affect the success of the pulpotomy such as coronal seal need to be analyzed .
] . in endodontic terms ( american association of endodontists ) , partial pulpotomy ( shallow pulpotomy ; cvek pulpotomy ) can be defined as “the surgical removal of a small portion of the coronal portion of a vital pulp as a means of preserving the remaining coronal and radicular pulp tissues” .
el - melgy et al , compared pulpal and periapical tissue reactions to electrosurgery vs formocresol pulpotomy in the primary teeth of dogs . they found that the teeth treated by electrosurgery pulpotomy with either mechanical or electrosurgical coronal pulp removal exhibited less histopathological reactions than the teeth treated by formocresol pulpotomy .
1904 – buckley : introduced formocresol for pulpotomy . 1930 – hermann : introduced calcium hydroxide as calxyl for pulpotomy . 1975 – s’gravemade : used gluteraldehyde which replaced formocresol . 1983 – reumping et al : demonstrated the use of electrosurgery for pulpotomy . 1985 – shoji : used carbon dioxide laser in pulpotomy . 1991 – nakashima used bone morphogenic protein . 1993 – torabinejad : mta was used
fong cd , davis mj . partial pulpotomy for immature permanent teeth , its present and future .
frequently , pulpotomy procedure is suggested therapy of primary teeth with deep cavities impacting pulp above the tooth roots . pulpotomy procedure is an typical procedure in kids and carries a fairly sound medical diagnosis .
the purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the clinical and radiographic success of fc , fs and electrosurgical pulpotomy used for pulpotomy of human primary molar teeth requiring vital pulp therapy secondary to carious involvement .
successful outcomes have been demonstrated for ch partial pulpotomy in curiously exposed young permanent teeth . dentin bridging and pulp health were more predictable with mta pulpotomy ( 18 , 27 ) . however , there are as yet the only two following studies evaluated the outcome of mta pulpotomy in symptomatic mature permanent teeth with carious exposure .
calcium - enriched mixture cement and mta showed similar performance in pulpotomy of immature caries - exposed permanent molars .
evidence of pulpotomy in primary teeth comparing mta , calcium hydroxide , ferric sulphate , and electrosurgery with formocresol .
to examine the success of the one - appointment pulpotomy technique with three different medicaments on primary molar teeth .
, the tooth is prepared for stainless steel crown full coverage and wide access is made for the pulpotomy procedure .
u . zilberman , e . mass , and h . sarnat , “partial pulpotomy in carious permanent molars , ”
hydrophilic nature and requires moisture to cure , making it a suitable material for procedures like pulpotomy . [ 10 ]
asgary s . calcium - enriched mixture pulpotomy of a human permanent molar with irreversible pulpitis and condensing apical periodontitis .
king sr , mcwhorter ag , seale ns . concentration of formocresol used by pediatric dentists in primary tooth pulpotomy .
dean and colleagues did not find any significant difference between the success rates for the electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy techniques .
the results of this investigation show that the treatment success rate with cem cement was similar to the electrosurgical pulpotomy .
a study published in the journal of endodontics revealed that the success rate of laser pulpotomy was significantly higher than that of formocresol pulpotomy , and the permanent successors of the laser - treated primary teeth erupted without any complications . yay !
cvek m . a clinical report on partial pulpotomy and capping with calcium hydroxide in permanent incisors with complicated crown fracture .
the following case reports describe the technique of biodentine pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth following several days of traumatic pulpal exposure .
cvek m . a clinical report on partial pulpotomy and capping with calcium hydroxide in permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures .
dean ja , mack rb , fulkerson bt , sanders bj . comparison of electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy procedures in children .
yakuschji m . pulpotomy of primary teeth by means of electrosurgery . shoni shikagaku zasshi . 1975 ; 13 : 213–9 .
e . mass and u . zilberman , “clinical and radiographic evaluation of partial pulpotomy in carious exposure of permanent molars , ”
in this article we report two cases of traumatized maxillary permanent central incisors , which were treated with mta following partial pulpotomy .
just came across this term , and it seems as if a pulpotomy is part of rct , yet i see it described as an additional option . can a tooth be saved with a pulpotomy and a filling / crown ? advantages ? disadvantages ?
fei al , udin rd , johnson r . a clinical study of ferric sulfate as a pulpotomy agent in primary teeth .
the europeans were the first to introduce pulpotomy procedure . 1885 – leptowski : introduced formalin as fixative and mummifying agent . 1886 – gold foil was used to cover the exposed vital pulp . 1898 – gysi : introduced paraformaldehyde as a pulpotomy medicament .
pulpotomy in caries - exposed immature permanent molars using calcium - enriched mixture cement or mineral trioxide aggregate : a randomized clinical trial .
evidence of pulpotomy in primary teeth comparing mta , calcium hydroxide , ferric sulphate , and electrosurgery with formocresol . - pubmed - ncbi
redig df . a comparison and evaluation of two formocresol pulpotomy technics utilizing “buckley’s “formocresol . j dent child 1968 ; 35 : 22–29 .
c . d . fong and m . j . davis , “partial pulpotomy for immature permanent teeth , its present and fixture , ”
eghbal mj , asgary s , baglue ra , parirokh m , ghoddusi j . mta pulpotomy of human permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis .
barrieshi - nusair km , qudeimat ma . a prospective clinical study of mineral trioxide aggregate for partial pulpotomy in cariously exposed permanent teeth .
ibricevic h , al - jame q . ferric sulphate and formocresol in pulpotomy of primary molars : long term follow - up study .
mack rb , dean ja . electrosurgical pulpotomy : a retrospective human study . asdc j dent child . 1993 ; 60 : 107–14 .
formocresol was first used for pulpotomy by sweet ( 1904 ) and since then , it has been the drug of choice in pulpotomy of primary teeth due to the ease of use and high clinical success rate . nevertheless , formocresol is under close observation due to safety considerations .
mejare i . pulpotomy of primary molars with coronal or total pulpitis using formocresol technique . scand j dent res 1979 ; 87 : 208–216 .
to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of pulpotomy treatment with mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) in symptomatic mature permanent teeth with carious exposure .
malhotra r , singh s , grover npartial pulpotomy for complicated crown fractures in immature permanent teeth . jcr 2013 ; 3 : 419 - 423
subay rk , ilhan b , ulukapi h . mineral trioxide aggregate as a pulpotomy agent in immature teeth : long - term case report .
mack rb , dean ja . electrosurgical pulpotomy : a retrospective human study . asdc j dentist child 1993 ; 60 : 107 - 14 .
sheller b , morton th jr . electrosurgical pulpotomy : a pilot study in humans . j endodont 1987 ; 13 : 69 - 76 .
pulpotomy is defined as the surgical removal of infected coronal pulp and its objectives are preservation of the radicular pulp vitality and relief of pain .
fuks ab , bimstein e . clinical evaluation of diluted formocresol pulpotomy in primary teeth of school children . pediatr dent 1981 ; 3 : 321–324 .
qudeimat ma , barrieshi - nusair km , owais ai . calcium hydroxide vs mineral trioxide aggregates for partial pulpotomy of permanent molars with deep caries .
no study reached the high quality level . twelve were of moderate quality . the overall evidence was insufficient to assess which of indirect pulp capping , stepwise excavation , direct excavation and pulp capping / partial pulpotomy , pulpotomy or pulpectomy is the most effective treatment approach for teeth with deep caries .
holan g , eidelman e , fuks ab . lon - term evaluation of pulpotomy in primary molars using mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol . pediatr dent 2005
markovic d , zibojinovic v , bucetic m . evaluation of three pulpotomy medicaments in primary teeth . eur j paediatr dent 2005 ; 6 : 133–138 .
saltzman b , sigal m , clokie c , rukavina j , et al . assessment of a novel alternative to conventional formocresol - zinc oxide eugenol pulpotomy for the treatment of pulpally involved human primary teeth : diode laser - mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy . int j paediatr dent 2005 ; 15 : 437–447 .
smith nl , seale ns , nunn me . ferric sulfate pulpotomy in primary molars : a retrospective study . pediatr dent 2000 ; 22 : 192–199 .
e . mass , u . zilberman , and a . b . fuks , “partial pulpotomy : another treatment option for cariously exposed permanent molars , ”
koch g , nyborg h . correlation between clinical and histological indications for pulpotomy of deciduous teeth . j int assoc dent child 1970 ; 1 : 3–10 .
ong cd , davis mj . partial pulpotomy for immature permanent teeth , its present and future . pediatr dent . 2002 ; 24 : 29 - 32 .
king sr , mcwhorter ag , seale ns . concentration of formocresol used by pediatrics in primary tooth pulpotomy . pediatr dent . 2002 ; 24 : 157–9 .
pulpotomy was performed for 102 primary second molars in 51 children aged between 4 and 6 years . considering a split - mouth design , for each patient the right and left second primary molars randomly underwent pulpotomy using cem cement or es / zoe . all teeth were restored using preformed metal crowns . following pulpotomy procedure , teeth were blindly evaluated for clinical and radiographic success after 6 , 12 and 24 months . mcnemar test and spss 16 software were used for the statistical analysis .
pulpotomy in caries - exposed immature permanent molars using calcium - enriched mixture cement or mineral trioxide aggregate : a randomized clinical tr . . . - pubmed - ncbi
bahrololoomi z , moeintaghavi a , emtiazi m , hosseini g . clinical and radiographic comparison of primary molars after formocresol and electrosurgical pulpotomy : a randomized clinical trial .
our findings were similar to those of dean et al , who demonstrated the clinical and radiographic success rates for electrosurgical pulpotomy to be comparable to those for formocresol pulpotomy . clinical and radiographic success rates were 96 and 84 % , respectively in the electrosurgical group , and 100 and 92 % , respectively in the formocresol group .
zinc oxide - eugenol ( zoe ) is used as a base in pulpotomized teeth . in a prospective human study of electrosurgical pulpotomy conducted by fishman and colleagues ,
just came across this term , and it seems as if a pulpotomy is part of rct , yet i see it described as an additional option . can a tooth be saved with a pulpotomy and a filling / crown ? advantages ? disadvantages ? pulpotomy = partial removal of the pulp . done in primary ( children ' s ) teeth . sometimes done as a seperate procedure to start rct in adult teeth . pulpectomy is complete removal of the pulp . both terms are used in conjunction with pediatric dentistry . an adult tooth cannot be saved with a pulpotomy plus a filling / crown . complete root canal therapy should be performed on all pathologically exposed teeth .
fei al , udin rd , johnson r . a clinical study of ferric sulfate as a pulpotomy agent in primary teeth . pediatr dent 1991 ; 13 : 327–332 .
gruythuysen rj , weerheijm kl . calcium hydroxide pulpotomy with a light - cured cavity - sealing material after two years . j dent child 1997 ; 64 : 251–253 .
thompson ks , seale ns , nunn me , huff g . alternative method of hemorrhage control in full strength formocresol pulpotomy . pediatr dent 2001 ; 23 : 217–222 .
dean ja , mack rb , fulkerson bt , sanders bj . comparison of electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy procedures in children . int j paediatr dent 2003 ; 12 : 177–182 .
i . v . nosrat and c . a . nosrat , “reparative hard tissue formation following calcium hydroxide application after partial pulpotomy in cariously exposed pulps of permanent teeth , ”
farooq ns , coll ja , kuwabara a , shelton p . success rates of formocresol pulpotomy and indirect pulp therapy in the treatment of deep dentinal caries in primary teeth .
aroglu si , sonmez h . long - term follow - up of a complicated crown fracture treated by partial pulpotomy . international endodontic journal . 2007 ; 40 : 398–403 .
abarajithan m , velmurugan n , kandaswamy d . management of recently traumatized maxillary central incisors by partial pulpotomy using mta : case reports with two - year follow - up .
this study did not show any significant difference between the clinical and / or radiographic success rates for electrosurgical vs formocresol pulpotomy . further studies with longer evaluation periods are warranted .
mesbahi m , ardakani z . clinical and radiographical evaluation of pulpotomy treatment for primary teeth with electrosurgery . j dent shiraz univ med sci . 2007 ; 8 : 96–104 .
pulpotomy is an accepted treatment for the management of cariously exposed pulps in symptom free primary molars . the purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of three different single - visit vital pulp therapies including pulpotomy with electrosurgery ( es ) , formocresol ( fc ) and ferric sulfate ( fs ) in cariously exposed primary molar teeth .
holan g , fuks ab , keltz n . success rate of formocresol pulpotomy in primary molars restored with stainless steel crowns vs amalgam . pediatr dent 2002 ; 24 : 212–216 .
+ 1 a 99 % pulpotomy success rate means 1 of 2 things . 1 ) you ' re doing pulpotomies on teeth that will naturally exfoliate within the next week or 2
shulman er , mciver ft , burkes ej jr . comparison of electrosurgery and formocresol as pulpotomy techniques in monkey primary teeth . pediatr dentist 1987 ; 9 : 189 - 94 .
dean ja , mack rb , fulkerson bt , sanders bj . comparison of electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy procedures in children . int j paediatr dent . 2002 ; 12 : 177–82 .
1 . pulpotomy < br / > by - < br / > dr . sumeet vincent tigga < br / > ( g . d . c raipur ) < br / >
ibrevic h , al - jame q . ferric sulfate as pulpotomy agent in primary teeth : twenty month clinical follow - up . j clin pediatr dent 2000 ; 24 : 269–272 .
naik s , hegde am . mineral trioxide aggregate as a pulpotomy agent in primary molars : an in vivo study . j indian soc pedod prev dent 2005 ; 23 : 13–16 .
shumayrikh nm , adenubi jo . clinical evaluation of glutaraldehyde with calcium hydroxide and glutaraldehyde with zinc oxide eugenol in pulpotomy of primary molars . endod dent traumatol 1999 ; 15 : 259–264 .
nunn jh , smeaton i , gilroy j . the development of formocresol as a medicament for primary molar pulpotomy procedures . asdc j dentist child 1996 ; 63 : 51 - 3 .
dean ja , mack rb , fulkerson bt , sanders bj . comparison of electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy procedures in children . int j pediatr dentist 2002 ; 12 : 177 - 82 .
to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of pulpotomy treatment using calcium - enriched mixture ( cem ) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) in carious - exposed vital immature permanent first molars .
the aim of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence of pulpotomy in primary teeth comparing mineral troxide aggregate ( mta ) , calcium hydroxide , ferric sulphate , and electrosurgery with formocresol .
casas mj , kenny dj , johnston dh , judd pl . long - term outcomes of primary molar ferric sulfate pulpotomy and root canal therapy . pediatr dent 2004 ; 26 : 44–48 .
holan g , e . eidelman e , fuks a . long - term evaluation of pulpotomy in primary molars using mineral trioxide aggregate or formocresol . pediatric dentistry 2005 ; 27 : 129–136 .
huth kc , paschos e , hajek - al - khatar n , hollweck r , crispin a , hickel r , folwaczny m . effectiveness of 4 pulpotomy techniques - randomized controlled trial .
success or failure of pulpotomy is dependent upon an accurate diagnosis at the time of treatment . it is worth noting that all teeth treated in this study were affected by caries . it is necessary for the radicular pulp to be healthy at the time of treatment for electrosurgical pulpotomy to achieve a successful outcome as electrosurgery cannot be expected to penetrate and sterilize the contaminated radicular tissue .
jabbarifar se , khademi aa , ghasemi d . success rate of formocresol pulpotomy versus mineral trioxide aggregate in human primary molar tooth . j res med sci . 2004 ; 6 : 304–7 .
molla asadollah f , vahid golpayegani m , alexanian s . histologic comparison of electrosurgery and formocresol pulpotomy technique in human primary teeth . beheshti univ dent j . 2000 ; 4 : 347–58 .
laser pulpotomy offers a more biologically acceptable and effective alternative to chemicals like formocresol . not only does laser treatment offer a non - pharmacologic hemostatic technique , it has a higher success rate .
joa & el : the calcium hydroxide partial pulpotomy developed and analyzed by the late dr . m . cvek has been the standard procedure for crown fractures with pulp exposures for decades . lately this status has been challenged by other techniques such as mta and other materials . this review article represents a very informative reference when future pulp capping or pulpotomy materials are challenged against calcium hydroxide .
farooq ns , coll ja , kuwabara a , shelton p . success rates of formocresol pulpotomy and indirect pulp treatmentof deep dentinal caries in primary teeth . pediatr dent 2000 ; 22 : 278–286 .
loh a , o’hoy p , tran x , et al . evidence - based assessment . evaluation of the formocresol versus ferric sulfate primary molar pulpotomy . pediatric dentistry 2004 ; 26 : 401–409 .
asgray found pulpotomy as a promising alternative endodontic treatment in mature permanent teeth using calcium - enriched mixture ( cem ) cement in treatment of a mature molar associated with irreversible pulpitis . [ 18 ]
the aim of this paper was to review the history and the scientific literature published on pulpotomy medicaments and to present the findings of these studies . the review showed that pulpotomy of primary teeth has been treated with many different techniques and medicaments , that some of these approaches are controversial and that their results have presented variables of success rates in term . . . [ show full abstract ]
nematollahi h , sahebnasagh m , parisay i . comparison of electrosurgical pulpotomy with zinc oxide eugenol or zinc polycarboxylate cements sub - base . j clin pediatr dent . 2011 ; 36 : 133–7 .
sonmez d , sari s , cetinbas t . a comparison of four pulpotomy techniques in primary molars : a long - term follow - up . j endod . 2008 ; 34 : 950–5 .
tabarci b , parirokh m , eghbal mj , et al . a comparative study of dental pulp response to different pulpotomy agent in dogs . int endod j . 2010 ; 43 : 565–71 .
9 . king sr , mcwhorter ag , seale ns . concentration of formocresol used by pediatric dentists in primary tooth pulpotomy . pediatr dent . 2002 ; 24 ( 2 ) : 157 - 159 .
kalaskar rr , damle sg . comparative evaluation of lyophilized freeze dried platelet derived preparation with calcium hydroxide as pulpotomy agents in primary molars . j indian soc pedod prev dent 2004 ; 22 : 24–29 .
myers dr , shoaf hk , dirksen tr , pashley dh , whitford gm , reynolds ke . distribution of 14c formaldehyde after pulpotomy with formocresol . j am dent assoc 1978 ; 96 : 805–813 .
all pulpotomy procedures were performed by the principal investigator or co - investigators of the study to ensure consistency in the two techniques . the experimental technique of the investigators was standardized by an experienced clinician .
ibricevic h , al - jame q . ferric sulphate and formocresol in pulpotomy of primary molars : long term follow - up study . eur j pediatr dentist 2003 ; 4 : 28 - 32 .
shaw dw , sheller b , barrus bd , morton th jr . electrosurgical pulpotomy : a 6 - month study in primates . j endod 1987 ; 13 : 500 - 5 . [ pubmed ]
nematollahi h , sahebnasagh m , parisay i . comparison of electrosurgical pulpotomy with zinc oxide eugenol or zinc polycarboxylate cements sub - base . j clin pediatr dent 2011 ; 36 : 133 - 7 .
in a group of images dr . sarkissian demonstrates how a pulpotomy is performed on a child ' s primary molar . ( warning : there is a bit of blood visible in those images . )
es as a non pharmacological pulpotomy technique that has been well - documented and has proven to have great merits [ 15 ] . es leads to good visualization and homeostasis and is less time consuming than the fc approach [ 16 ] . dean and colleagues did not find any significant difference between the success rates for the electrosurgical and fc pulpotomy techniques [ 3 ] . rivera et al . evaluated postoperative clinical and x - ray film findings from 80 molars after fc and es vital pulpotomy . they did not find any significant difference between the two techniques after six - months follow up [ 17 ] .
a pulpotomy is performed only when the inflamed pulp is confined to the crown . the tooth also has to be restorable . if it’s too damaged or weak , the dentist will have to extract it .
casas mj , layung ma , kenny dj , johnston dh , judd pl . two - year outcomes of primary molar ferric sulfate pulpotomy and root canal therapy . pediatr dent 2003 ; 25 : 97–102 .
casas m j , kenny dj , johnston dh , judd pl et al . outcomes of vital primary incisor ferric sulfate pulpotomy and root canal therapy . j can dent assoc 2004 ; 70 : 34–38 .
huth kc , paschos e , hajek - al - khatar n , hollweck r , et al . effectiveness of 4 pulpotomy techniques - randomized controlled trial . j dent res 2005 ; 84 : 1144–1148 .
sasaki h , ogawa t , koreeda m , ozaki t , et al . electrocoagulation extends the indication of calcium hydroxide pulpotomy in the primary dentition . j clin pediatr dent 2002 ; 26 : 275–277 .
this procedure is known widely as the cvek pulpotomy , deriving its name from dr . miomir cvek , who in 1978 reported a high success rate for partial pulpotomies following complicated crown fractures in permanent incisors [
upon enrollment , the children ' s parents signed letters of informed consent . the patients had no contraindications to pulpotomy in their medical history and were willing to submit to periodic examinations of the pulpotomised teeth .
electrosurgical pulpotomy has gained popularity due to its nonpharmacological nature , ease of use , and favorable results . the results of our study are comparable to others reported in the literature comparing electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomies .
33 . non - vital pulpotomy < br / > ideally , a non - vital tooth should b treated by pulpectomy or root canal filling < br / > however , pulpectomy of a primary molar may sometime be impracticable due to non - negotiable root canals and also due to limited patient co - operation . < br / > hence , a two - stage pulpotomy technique is advocated . < br / >
an older pediatric dentist taught me that formocresol was not needed in on a pulpotomy on a childs tooth . i have just put zoe in them for the past 7 years and have had only 1 fail .
fc was an extremely popular medicament for pulpotomy of primary teeth . vital pulpotomy teaching protocols’ in the uk and ireland indicate that fc is becoming less popular [ 2 ] . concerns about fc safety have been published in dental and medical literature for the past 30 years and have led clinicians to use alternative methods that have more tissue compatibility [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] .
success or failure of pulpotomy treatment depends upon an accurate diagnosis . however , fc has proven to be a more forgivable technique that helps to retain primary teeth even with chronic , silent inflammation . on the other hand , pulpotomy with es appears to require more sensitive diagnosis . however , electrosurgical procedure has two distinct advantages : it is a swifter and drug free procedure with no known undesirable systemic effects [ 16 ] .
peng l , ye l , guo x , tan h , zhou x , wang c , li r . evaluation of formocresol versus ferric sulphate primary molar pulpotomy : a systematic review and meta - analysis .
success or failure of pulpotomy treatment is dependent upon an accurate diagnosis at the time of treatment . formocresol has proven to be a forgiving technique where teeth are maintained in the arch with chronic , silent inflammation .
nematollahi h , tajik a . comparison of clinical and radiographic success rates of pulpotomy in primary molars using formocresol , ferric sulfate and mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) . jdt . 2006 ; 3 : 6–14 .
shabzendedar m , mazhari f , alami m , talebi m . sodium hypochlorite vs formocresol as pulpotomy medicaments in primary molars : 1 - year follow - up . pediatr dent . 2013 ; 35 : 329–32 .
the best candidate for a pulpotomy will be a child in good overall health . children with chronic health conditions that increase their susceptibility to bacterial infections are not good candidates . examples include children with leukemia or tumors .
if the decay or trauma is confined to the crown of the tooth , a pulpotomy may be recommended . when a cavity gets really deep , close to the pulp of a tooth , or even into the pulp , the pulpal tissue becomes irritated and inflamed . a pulpotomy is when the inflamed pulp chamber , usually on a baby molar , is removed . the dentist will remove all the infected material in the pulp of the crown only , leaving the living tooth root intact . after a pulpotomy on a baby molar , the empty space will be filled with dental cement and a stainless steel crown will be placed to restore the tooth .
16 . doyle tl , casas mj , kenny dj , judd pl . mineral trioxide aggregate produces superior outcomes in vital primary molar pulpotomy . pediatr dent . 2010 ; 32 ( 1 ) : 41 - 47 .
farooq ns , coll ja , kuwabara a , shelton p . success rates of formocresol pulpotomy and indirect pulp capping in the treatment of deep dentinal caries in primary teeth . padiatr dent 2000 ; 22 : 278–286 .
the study was conducted on 104 primary molars in 104 children with an indication for pulpotomy treatment on at least one primary molar . primary teeth were treated with either formocresol ( fc ) ( 34 teeth ) , calcium hydroxide ( ca ) ( 33 teeth ) or ferric sulphate ( fs ) ( 37 teeth ) using standardised criteria for the pulpotomy procedures . teeth were clinically and radiographically evaluated during the examination period of 18 months .
myers dr , shoaf hk , dirksen tr , pashley dh , whitford gm , reynolds ke . distribution of 14c - formaldehyde after pulpotomy with formocresol . j am dent assoc 1978 ; 86 : 805 - 13 .
malekafzali b , shekarchi f , asgary s . treatment outcomes of pulpotomy in primary molars using two endodontic biomaterials . a 2 - year randomised clinical trial . eur j paediatr dent . 2011 ; 12 : 189–93 .
25 . partial pulpotomy < br / > the partial pulpotomy for traumatic exposures is a procedure in which the inflamed pulp tissue beneath an exposure is removed to a depth of 1 - 3 mm to reach the deeper healthy tissue < br / > - indicated for a vital , traumatically exposed , young permanent tooth , especially one with an incompletely formed apex . < br / > - calcium hydroxide or mta is used < br / >
15 . ansari g , ranjpour m . mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol pulpotomy of primary teeth : a 2 - year follow - up . int endod j . 2010 ; 43 ( 5 ) : 413 - 418 .
24 . holan g , fuks ab , keltz n , success rate of formocresol pulpotomy in primary molars restored with stainless steel crown vs amalgam . pediatr dent . 2002 ; 24 ( 3 ) : 212 - 216 .
pulpotomy using mta could be a good alternative for root canal therapy ( rct ) for managing symptomatic mature permanent teeth with carious exposure , however further large - scale multicenter clinical trials are highly encouraged to confirm this hypothesis .
malhotra r , singh s , grover npartial pulpotomy for complicated crown fractures in immature permanent teeth . jcr [ serial online ] 2013 [ cited 2018 jul 10 ] ; 3 : 419 - 423 . available from : urltoken
if the tooth is necrotic , pulpotomy will not relieve patient ' s symptoms . you need to do a pulpectomy and debride canals as best as you can and then place caoh2 in canals until you can finish rct .
bahrololoomi z , moeintaghavi a , emtiazi m , hosseini g . clinical and radiographic comparison of primary molars after formocresol and electrosurgical pulpotomy : a randomized clinical trial . indian j dent res . 2008 ; 19 : 219–23 .
a pulpotomy is a procedure used to try to save a badly decayed tooth with an infected pulp . it is sometimes called a “baby root canal , ” for it is more commonly performed on baby teeth , especially molars .
) . the patients were informed regarding the pulpotomy treatment using mta in case the pulp exposure happened . the department board adopted this procedure as an alternative to the rct in such cases . each patient signed an informed consent .
background : vital pulpotomy is a single - stage procedure defined as the surgical amputation of the coronal portion of exposed vital pulp , usually as a means of preserving the vitality and function of the remaining radicular portion . objectives :
rivera et al , evaluated postoperative clinical and x - ray findings from 80 primary molars after formocresol and electrosurgery vital pulpotomy . they did not find any significant difference between the two techniques after six months of follow - up .
in traumatized , young , permanent teeth , pulpotomy is classically undertaken to promote apexogenesis . the objective is to promote root development and apical closure . once root end development and apical closure is achieved , the root canal treatment is completed . however , it has been suggested that mere pulp exposure does not cause pulpitis in the absence of bacteria . recent studies have proposed that as long as a good seal is ensured , root canal treatment may not be necessary following pulpotomy . in this article we report two cases of traumatized , fully matured , maxillary permanent central incisors , which have been treated with mineral trioxide aggregate following partial pulpotomy , with a two - year follow - up .
19 . sakai v , moretti a , oliviera t , et al . pulpotomy of human primary molars with mta and portland cement : a randomised controlled trial . br dent j . 2009 ; 207 ( 3 ) : e5 .
please cite this paper as : barngkgei im , halboub es , alboni rs . pulpotomy of symptomatic permanent teeth with carious exposure using mineral trioxide aggregate . iran endod j . 2013 ; 8 ( 2 ) : 65 - 8 .
i gotta call bs on this one . i do p / ssc every day . pulpotomies in primary teeth have a success rate in the 80 ' s . whether you are using formo or ferric sulfate or simple pressure pulpotomy ,
during a consultation with our specialist at ashburn children’s dentistry , you can learn more about pediatric dentistry and some of the signs that your child may require a pulpotomy . your child may need professional help if he or she experiences :
in conclusion , pulpotomy using mta could be a good alternative for rct for managing symptomatic mature permanent teeth with carious exposure . since samples treated in this study were limited in number , large - scale multicenter clinical trials are highly encouraged .
vizero nda r , bresciani e , francischone ce , franco eb , pereira jc . partial pulpotomy and tooth reconstruction of a crown - fractured permanent incisor : a case report . quintessence int . 2003 ; 34 : 740 - 747 .
any contraindication to formocresol pulpotomy in adult teeth ? not young permanent teeth , i ' m talking mature adult teeth ? anyone know what ' s the standard of care , formo vs . partial pulpectomy ? just a question , thanks .
7 . hunter ml , hunter b . vital pulpotomy in the primary dentition : attitudes and practices of specialists in paediatric dentistry practising in the united kingdom . int j paediatr dent . 2003 ; 13 ( 4 ) : 246 - 250 .
in our present case , we performed partial pulpotomy procedure as it was quick and easy to perform . it allowed the tooth to maintain its vitality and continue its root development . we also found that partial pulpotomy was a better choice when compared with cervical pulpotomy because the cell - rich coronal pulp tissue is preserved which provides a better healing potential ; physiologic apposition of dentin in the cervical area is maintained ; there is no need for subsequent endodontic treatment ; the natural color and translucency of the tooth is preserved ; it is possible to perform pulp sensitivity tests ; the pulp is not deprived of continued physiologic dentin production in the crown and at the cervical area of the tooth ; and it is a relatively simple procedure .
seriously thought , i had a discussion about this topic with the endodontist attending in my aegd residency . he agrees with its use for a sedative pulpotomy on permanent teeth with an acute irreversible pulpitis (
hot tooth
) as discussed above . realize however that a sedative pulpomy is different than a therapeutic pulpotomy that you would do on a primary tooth . it is should be followed by an rct asap . it is only intended to temporarily get the patient out of pain .
el - meligy o , abdalla m , el - baraway s , el - tekya m , dean ja . histological evaluation of electrosurgery and formocresol pulpotomy techniques in primary teeth in dogs . j clin pediatr dent . 2001 ; 26 : 81–5 .
pulpotomy is defined as the amputation of damaged and inflammed vital pulp from the coronal chamber followed by placement of a medicament over the radicular pulp stumps to stimulate repair , fixation or mummification of the remaining vital radicular pulp . – braham & morris 1985
in young permanent teeth , pulpotomy is classically undertaken to promote apexogenesis . the objective is to promote root development and apical closure . once root end development and apical closure are achieved , the root canal treatment is completed . [ 2 ] however , it has been proved that mere pulp exposure does not cause pulpitis in the absence of bacteria . [ 3 ] recent studies have proposed that as long as a hermetic seal is ensured , root canal treatment is not necessary following pulpotomy . [ 4 ]
17 . godhi b , sood pb , sharma a . effects of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol on vital pulp after pulpotomy of primary molars : an in vivo study . contemp clin dent . 2011 ; 2 ( 4 ) : 296 - 301 .
is it true you can use viscostat for pulpotomy on primary teeth instead of formocresol ? i have heard this from some practicing pediatric and general dentists - - i have not tried it myself since formocresol is the gold standard . what does everyone think ?
how to cite this article : bahrololoomi z , moeintaghavi a , emtiazi m , hosseini g . clinical and radiographic comparison of primary molars after formocresol and electrosurgical pulpotomy : a randomized clinical trial . indian j dent res 2008 ; 19 : 219 - 23
el - meligy o , abdalla m , el - baraway s , el - tekya m , dean ja . histological evaluation of electrosurgery and formocresol pulpotomy techniques in primary teeth in dogs . j clin pediatr dentist 2001 ; 26 : 81 - 5 .
preserving the dental pulp , or part of it , is important when treating a vital tooth with an exposed pulp , particularly if the tooth is immature and root formation is incomplete . the partial pulpotomy can offer a superb outcome for the treatment of complicated crown fractures of the young permanent tooth . the procedure is often used for traumatic injuries in children where the major aim of treatment is to preserve tooth vitality while providing a favorable environment for continued root development . in following article , a review of partial pulpotomy and management of case of a vital permanent maxillary incisor with complicated crown fracture and pulp exposure is discussed . this was treated by partial pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide and assessed clinically through pulpal sensitivity tests and radiographically for periapical healing and continued root end closure .
the overall success rate in groups 1 , 2 and 3 was 87 . 5 % , 82 . 1 % and 83 . 3 % , respectively . favorable clinical and radiological success rates of fs and es pulpotomy was observed which was comparable to fc .
despite the fact that your teeth have a tough external surfaces layer , there is a gentle interior space called the pulp . this space is positioned above the gumline , and contains the nerves and blood vessels that supply nutrients and additional assistance for the tooth . usually , a vital pulpotomy procedure is utilized to take away contaminated parts of the pulp in an effort to stop nerve and tooth root deterioration . a pulpotomy procedure is a dental treatment that takes out a part of the tooth pulp situated in the pulp cell .
the purpose of this prospective split - mouth , randomised clinical trial was to assess the clinical and radiographic success rate of pulpotomy in primary molars using calcium - enriched mixture ( cem ) cement or placement of zinc oxide eugenol after electrosurgery ( es / zoe ) .
in group 3 , three cases exhibited spontaneous pain and one case showed furcal radiolucency . clinical and radiographic success rate were 87 . 5 % and 95 . 8 % , respectively ; concurring with other studies [ 3 ] [ 16 ] . our findings were similar to those of dean et al . that demonstrated the clinical and radiographic success rates for electrosurgical pulpotomy to be comparable to those of fc pulpotomy [ 3 ] . however , they differed from another study ; this could be attributed to the differences in the applied techniques [ 22 ] .
sarraf shirazi a , rezaifar m , talebi m , mortazavi a , safari malekabadi k . application of bonding system as a sub - base material following electrosurgical pulpotomy treatment in primary teeth : a novel technique . iran j med hypotheses ideas . 2009 ; 3 : 1–6 .
conventionally , few - days - old pulp exposures have been treated with root canal treatment . we report four cases of traumatized , fully matured , maxillary permanent central incisors , which have been treated by biodentine pulpotomy several days after traumatic pulp exposure . biodentine pulpotomy consisted of pulp tissue removal to a depth of 2 mm , then capping the pulpal wound with biodentine , followed by immediate restoration . the teeth were assessed clinically through pulpal sensitivity tests and radiographically for periapical healing . at each recall ( 24 hours , 1 week , 30 days , 3 , 6 , 12 , and 18 months ) , no spontaneous pain was observed ; the pulp showed signs of vitality and absence of periapical radiolucency after 18 months . biodentine pulpotomy is recommended as a treatment option for cases of vital pulp exposure in permanent incisors due to trauma .
sadly , in case the tooth root is just becoming contaminated , it might not be possible for you to discover during the procedure . when dealing with these situations , a tooth root canal might be needed down the road . however a pulpotomy procedure is usually carried out on milk teeth , it has purposes for elderly people also . when individuals demand a tooth root canal they usually are in a great deal of agony , and a pulpotomy procedure could possibly be a main action in the direction of carrying out a tooth root canal at the next point .
thus , considering the age of the patient , recently traumatized teeth with pulp exposure , if treated with partial pulpotomy within 24 – 48 hours after the injury , can act as a permanent restorative procedure , without the need for endodontic treatment , provided a bacteria - tight seal is obtained .
studies regarding the management of carious exposure in mature ( fully developed ) teeth are scare and conflicting . accordingly , the aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) pulpotomy as permanent treatment of symptomatic mature permanent teeth with carious exposure .
another consideration with electrosurgical pulpotomy is lateral heat production . in this study , repetition of electrocoagulation became necessary due to the large size of the canal openings of some teeth . although a 10 - 15 second interval was given for cooling , the heat build - up might lead to side effects .
if one of your child’s teeth is showing signs of decay , schedule an appointment at ashburn children’s dentistry in ashburn to learn more about a pulpotomy procedure . our team of dental experts will be happy to address any questions or concerns you may have . contact us today to book your child’s appointment .
mta was clinically and radiographically superior to formocresol for pulpotomy of primary teeth . the other alternatives to formocresol such as electrosurgery and ferric sulphate can be used instead of formocresol since they showed success similar to formocresol . in addition , there is no evidence to support calcium hydroxide for pulpotomies in primary teeth .
a pulpotomy may be needed when a cavity caused by tooth decay goes deep and becomes close to the pulp chamber . it irritates the tissue , which becomes inflamed . this is what causes a toothache . if the tooth is not treated so that the infection is removed , it will become abscessed .
both procedures are used to try to save decayed teeth with infected pulps . in a pulpotomy , the dentist only removes the pulp in the tooth’s crown while leaving the pulp in the roots . in a pulpectomy , the dentist removes all of the pulp and replaces the pulp in the roots with cement .
evidence in the literature suggests to treat a permanent tooth with a complicated crown fracture as soon as possible to diminish the possibility of pain and prevent necrosis and infection of the pulp . delay of treatment by 9 days or less may have minimal effect on the outcome of cvek pulpotomies . while the literature indicates that pulp exposures of 4 mm or less may have a good prognosis after a cvek pulpotomy , the prognosis in teeth with pulp exposures of more than 4 mm has not yet been clarified . although the literature is not conclusive regarding a difference in the outcomes of cvek pulpotomies in teeth with open or closed apices , it appears that teeth with open apices have a better prognosis . the outcome of a cvek pulpotomy may be compromised by a luxation injury that diminishes the tooth’s blood supply and innervation . a good restoration that prevents bacterial penetration into the tooth is essential for the success of a cvek pulpotomy . see full abstract .
the teeth in which pulpotomy was carried out were asymptomatic and did not develop any tenderness to percussion . electric pulp testing revealed vital response in all the four teeth treated using biodentine pulpotomy at the end of 18 months . radiographic examination revealed absence of periapical lesion or widening . in case 1 and 2 , a well - defined radio - opaque layer formation was seen on the pulpal aspect adjacent to the layer of biodentine suggestive of a calcific barrier . although cases 3 and 4 did not reveal a distinct barrier formation , there was an increase in radio - opacity in the radicular pulp adjacent to the layer of biodentine .
i gotta call bs on this one . i do p / ssc every day . pulpotomies in primary teeth have a success rate in the 80 ' s . whether you are using formo or ferric sulfate or simple pressure pulpotomy , no one will have a 99 % success rate . that is not possible .
for young permanent vital teeth with open apices , you can attempt mta pulpotomy to see if roots will continue to form . remove all caries and superficial layer of pulp , place mta , let it set up for a few hours before restoring . dentinal bridge hopefully will form and we can avoid the rct .
pulpotomy procedure have realistically sound prognosis . it might get enough time , however can not preserve an earlier abscessed tooth . it can be sometimes shocking to me just how an obviously little part of decay can penetrate as much as necessary to get to the pulp . this could be because of the different anatomy of milk teeth along with the quick development of decay . even though this is an extremely dependable procedure , not often , a tooth with a pulpotomy procedure is going to have problems and have to be extracted . that is generally because of the residual pulp cells in the tooth root canals are producing some type of problem .
pulpotomy has been the carried out in the past successfully by several authors . witherspoon et al . in 2006 assessed 19 cases with pulpotomies using mta pulpal exposures resulting due to traumatic injuries or dental caries . he found that only one case reported with a persistent disease after a recall time of 19 months . [ 17 ]
once pulp decay is caught , pulpotomy treatment is going to stop bacterial contamination from growing in adjoining tissues . additionally , your kid might not have to go through the pain related to a tooth root canal . in a pulpotomy procedure , the dentist or perhaps endodontist drills into the tooth to eliminates decaying tooth tissue , after which accesses the pulp cell to take away all impacted nerves and pulp . the region is handled with remedy and holds stuffing put into it . as soon as therapy on the pulp cell and nerve is finished , a tooth crown is added to the tooth to stop additional decay , and in order to guard the tooth .