lachasse was a british couture firm operating from 1928 until 2006 , making it one of the longest surviving high fashion houses in london .

part of the incorporated society of london fashion designers ( incsoc ) , it is notable for being a major training ground for british couturiers , numbering digby morton , hardy amies and michael donnellan among its chief designers .

later it would train further designers , with names such as stephen jones and john galliano passing through the couture house as trainees on their way to successful solo careers .

during the heydey of couture , lachasse 's customers included princess marina and countess mountbatten .

lachasse

which could explain why , two years after lachasse closed , miss virginia resurfaced .
( incsoc ) – although donnellan had been aligned with incsoc since 1950 as head of lachasse .
a model wears a spanish style evening dress designed by lachasse . 1968 . ( core number : anb6545r )
three 1960 ' s couture ' lachasse ' ladies suits . a green blue and black printed light weight silk su
a model wears a spanish style evening dress designed by lachasse . . . . stock footage video | getty images
three 1960 ' s couture ' lachasse ' ladies suits . a green blue and black printed light weight silk suit .
, he joined the fashion house of lachasse as chief designer – he was named head of its operation from 1941 .
on page 109 is miss virginia lachasse , dressed in a smart wool coat and necklace and looking just like a lady .
who also promoted the use of british wools and tweeds for these clothes . certain other factors played a significant role in establishing lachasse
chief lachasse earned his bachelor’s degree from california state university , los angeles , and his master’s in public administration from the university of southern california .
his early experiences at lachasse , a firm which specialised in tailoring , never left him : the amies name was always based on his tailored clothes rather than his dressmaking . amies was ambitious and , by 1935 , he had become lachasse ' s managing director as well as design supremo .
founded : by fred singleton as couture sportswear branch of gray , paulette and singleton , 1928 ; company incorporated as lachasse ltd . , 1946 .
fashion . london , england . january 1960 . a coat in stone wool , tied at the waist , from the lachasse spring summer collection .
fashion . london , england . january 1960 . a short printed blue silk chiffon dress in mauve and tourquoise from the lachasse spring summer collection .
michael krulik , solutions specialist , avid , interviews with suzanne lachasse reporting for the catania group at the digital cinema society 4k event . shot on an ipadpro .
lachasse ltd . was often referred to as london ' s tailoring stable and it saw a succession of british designers who completed their training there after digby morton established the couture house in 1928 . the house of lachasse was renowned primarily for its tailored suits which , in the tradition of british tailoring , were said to mature like vintage wine . lachasse was representative of the distinctive type of british tailoring that evolved from the masculine style as opposed to the softer dressmaker tailoring employed in paris .
lachasse ltd . was often referred to as london ' s tailoring stable and it saw a succession of british designers who completed their training there after digby morton established the couture house in 1928 . the house of lachasse was renowned primarily for its tailored suits which , in the tradition of british tailoring , were said to mature like vintage wine . lachasse was representative of the distinctive type of british tailoring that evolved from the masculine style as opposed to the softer dressmaker tailoring employed in paris .
lachasse was exclusively a couture house until 1981 when peter lewis - crown opened a mini - boutique on the premises . he was also responsible for introducing more dresses and feminine clothes to the house , once famed principally for its tailored suits . former attempts to introduce eveningwear had been unsuccessful . hardy amies describes lachasse ' s la soir
the lachasse family : sadly i just learned of scotts passing . he was a delight to talk with about his hank and my sammy . i am so sorry ,
scott lachasse joined the burbank police department as interim chief in january , 2010 and was named permanent chief in april , 2013 . chief lachasse worked for the los angeles police department from 1970 - 2002 , most recently holding the position of deputy chief . in this capacity , he managed almost 1 , 600 personnel in south los angeles .
sir hardy ' s own fashion career began at the house of lachasse , where , by his own admission , many of his designs were
extravagant and hideous
.
hardy amies joined the house of lachasse after morton ' s departure in 1934 , learning about the construction of tailored suits by examining copies of morton ' s models . michael donellan followed amies to lachasse where he trained until he established his own house in 1953 . originally a milliner , donellan was the only designer to have his name on the label , which read
michael at lachasse .
the irish - born designer was also likened to balenciaga because of his strong , uncompromising signature . in the postwar period lachasse enjoyed a sizeable export trade , particularly with america . the firm used to send a doll called virginia around the world , dressed in the latest clothing by lachasse , and took orders for her couture outfits . as a member of the incorporated society of london fashion designers ( islfd ) , the house also partook in the export and publicity ventures organized by the islfd .
hardy amies joined the house of lachasse after morton ' s departure in 1934 , learning about the construction of tailored suits by examining copies of morton ' s models . michael donellan followed amies to lachasse where he trained until he established his own house in 1953 . originally a miliner , donellan was the only designer to have his name on the label , which read
michael at lachasse .
the irish - born designer was also likened to balenciaga because of his strong , uncompromisig signature . in the postwar period lachasse enjoyed a sizable export trade , particularly with america . the firm used to send a doll called virginia around the world , dressed in the latest clothing by lachasse , and took orders for her couture outfits . as a member of the incorporated society of london fashion designers ( islfd ) , the house also partook in the export and publicity ventures organized by the islfd .
he worked at mayfair couture house lachasse , where he was appointed managing director aged just 25 , and for the house of worth , before setting up on his own in 1945 .
company history : chief designers include digby morton , 1928 - 33 , hardy amies , 1934 - 39 , michael donellan , 1941 - 52 ; peter lewis - crown ( born , 1930 ) joined lachasse as apprentice , 1948 ; became director , 1964 ; later became designer and sole owner ; lachasse has also produced clothes for theatre , film and television productions .
the real virginia always wondered what happened to her . virginia harvey was a 19 - year - old model for the british fashion house lachasse when she became a model for the doll .
by the age of 25 he was running the couture house , lachasse . he joined the intelligence corps during the second world war , heading a special forces mission to belgium in 1944 .
fashon . london . january 1960 . from the lachasse spring summer collection a black and white patterned dress worn with a sombrero . the model sits on a stool infront of several cars .
suit lachasse 1948 - 9 london wool , silk crepe de chine , and silk jersey museum no . t . 214 - 1976 worn by mrs ralph dent and given by mrs m . webster
fromenti , marcel ( artist ) donéllan , michael , born 1915 - died 1985 ( designer ) dior , christian , born 1905 - died 1957 ( designer ) lachasse ltd . ( designed for )
the fashion for sportswear during the 1920s was the ideal environment for digby morton to establish the london house of lachasse , which specialized in the tailored sporting suit for women . morton was brought in as chief sportswear designer of a dress establishment owned by businessman fred singleton . morton later claimed his decision to call the new house lachasse was because at that time british women would not consider anything but french labels in their wardrobes .
lachasse was exclusively a couture house until 1981 when peter lewis - crown opened a mini - boutique on the premises . he was also responsible for introducing more dresses and feminine clothes to the house , once famed principally for its tailored suits . former attempts to introduce eveningwear had been unsuccessful . hardy amies describes lachasse ' s la soirée department as
un - epoch - making
and it was closed down , with many of the evening gowns unsold . while lachasse can make no claims to breaking any fashion barriers , it is one of the longest - surviving couture houses and continues to attract an international clientéle to its kensington premises .
marcel fromenti . skirt suit by lachasse called
michael
( possibly by michael donéllan ) and coat - and - dress ensemble by christian dior called
james
, drawn for the lady . 1953 - 54
harvey exchanged christmas cards with her old friends at lachasse each year , and she never stopped asking them about the doll . she told them she ' d really like to have it , if it ever turned up .
harvey married texas architect millard harvey in 1958 and stopped working for lachasse . the couple eventually settled outside of washington , d . c . , and raised a family . in 1995 , they moved to kill devil hills .
dolls through the ages organizers wanted a modern doll dressed in the latest fashions to go with all the old ones . they contacted lachasse , which agreed , casting their top model for the project and putting together the elaborate wardrobe .
lachasse was founded in 1928 by frederick shingleton with digby morton as head designer until 1933 . hardy amies succeeded morton from 1933 - 39 , followed by michael donéllan ( 1940 to 1953 ) . between 1953 - 64 , the house was headed by mr . owen , and from 1964 until its closure in 2006 , lachasse was headed by peter lewis - crown . although lachasse produced evening dresses , it was principally known for its stylish tailored daywear . until 1981 , when boutique and ready - to - wear lines were offered , the house operated on an exclusively couture basis , making all garments to order . its 78 - year run made it one of the longest surviving london fashion houses .
founded : by fred singleton as couture sportswear branch of gray , paulette and singleton , 1928 ; company incorporated as lachasse ltd . , 1946 . company history : chief designers include digby morton , 1928 - 33 , hardy amies , 1934 - 39 , michael donellan , 1941 - 52 ; peter lewis - crown ( born , 1930 ) joined lachasse as apprentice , 1948 ; became director , 1964 ; later became designer and sole owner ; lachasse has also produced clothes for theatre , film and television productions . collections : victoria & albert museum , london ; costume gallery , castle howard , york ; costume museum , bath , england . company address : 29 thurloe place , london sw7 2hq , england .
founded : by fred singleton as couture sportswear branch of gray , paulette and singleton , 1928 ; company incorporated as lachasse ltd . , 1946 . company history : chief designers include digby morton , 1928 - 33 , hardy amies , 1934 - 39 , michael donellan , 1941 - 52 ; peter lewis - crown ( born , 1930 ) joined lachasse as apprentice , 1948 ; became director , 1964 ; later became designer and sole owner ; lachasse has also produced clothes for theatre , film and television productions . collections : victoria & albert museum , london ; costume gallery , castle howard , york ; costume museum , bath , england . company address : 29 thurloe place , london sw7 2hq , england .
miss virginia lachasse was in a big glass box at the museum looking exactly as harvey remembered . the little clothes lay around her , and the tiny purses and stockings and cigarettes , and there was no doubt now that it was exciting .
but his success at lachasse left him chafing at the fact that the firm was not his , and he could therefore never exert full control . he determined to rectify the situation , but his plans were scuppered by the outbreak of war in 1939 .
the early success of lachasse owed much to the popularity of sportswear during the 1920s , as advocated by coco chanel who also promoted the use of british wools and tweeds for these clothes . certain other factors played a significant role in establishing lachasse— digby morton presented his first collection there in 1929 , the year of the wall street crash , which saw a dramatic fall in the number of american buyers at the paris couture houses . many overseas buyers turned to london , attracted by the new generation of couturiers and the lower prices .
the early success of lachasse owed much to the popularity of sportswear during the 1920s , as advocated by coco chanel who also promoted the use of british wools and tweeds for these clothes . certain other factors played a significant role in establishing lachasse digby morton presented his first collection there in 1929 , the year of the wall street crash , which saw a dramatic fall in the number of american buyers at the paris couture houses . many overseas buyers turned to london , attracted by the new generation of couturiers and the lower prices .
spadea was another of the mail order companies . these patterns are among the most prized by collectors . many of the important and popular designers of the 1950s and 1960s designed patterns for spadea , including ceil chapman , jo copeland , suzy perette and lachasse of london .
amies ' s first fashion statement was his own uniform as an intelligence officer in the british army . using the skills inherited from his mother , a seamstress , he went on to work first for the house of lachasse and then to create a couture house under his own name .
e department as
un - epoch - making
and it was closed down , with many of the evening gowns unsold . while lachasse can make no claims to breaking any fashion barriers , it is one of the longest - surviving couture houses and continues to attract an international client
on return to england in 1930 , amies secured a trainee position with weighing machine manufacturer avery ltd . in birmingham . it was , however , in 1934 , at the age of 25 , without any formal training , that he became managing designer for the fashion house lachasse of london .
amies began working for the couture house lachasse in the early 1930s , and by decade ' s end , he was designing the firm ' s whole collection . he served in the intelligence corps during world war ii , then returned to london to open his own fashion business on savile row .
as princess and for decades as monarch , elizabeth also patronised sir hardy amies , who began as a designer at lachasse , which was famous for elegantly tailored suits , and went on to become one of the most successful menswear designers , launching the first recorded men ' s catwalk show in 1959 .
by 1939 sales at lachasse had doubled but amies ' s appeals to design in his own name were rebuffed . restless and frustrated , he saw world war ii as an escape . he joined the intelligence corps , transferring in 1941 to the belgian section of the special operations executive , where he rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel . amies designed throughout the war , contributing to government - backed export collections and , after resigning from lachasse , selling through the london house of worth . he was a founding member of the incorporated society of london fashion designers and served as the society ' s chairman from 1959 to 1960 .
scott david lachasse age 26 , of newhall , california , died suddenly on saturday , january 10 , 2009 at his newhall home . scott was born on june 22 , 1982 in pasadena , california and graduated from peachland elementary , placerita middle and hart high schools . he was attending the college of the . . .
joined drawing of two models in outfits by lachasse and christian dior . on the left , a model in a lachasse suit with a slim black pencil skirt and a light coloured jacket with wide turned - back sleeve cuffs , fitted bodice , belted waist , and a deep , flaring peplum with double - breasted buttons below the waist on the peplum . the model wears the lapels of her jacket turned up and wears long black gloves , a wide - brimmed black straw hat , and a tightly rolled umbrella . this suit is called
michael
, but this may be a reference to its being designed by michael donéllan , the house designer for lachasse before opening his own fashion house in 1953 . on the right , a coat and dress ensemble called
james
by christian dior . the loose , collarless swing coat with dark contrast binding at the edges of the sleeves and facings is worn open over a simple fitted sheath dress with a pencil skirt .
he did a few casual jobs on his travels , including selling scales and wall tiles before returning to the uk , where his course was set . he saw a photograph of a lady wearing an evening gown designed by a company called lachasse and wrote to them commenting on the draping effect . they came back and offered him a job .
it was amies ' s facility with the written word that secured him his first job in fashion . his vivid description of a dress , written in a letter to a retired french fitter and brought to the attention of the owner of the mayfair couture house lachasse , made a strong impression . the wearer of the dress was the owner ' s wife .
joined drawing of two models in outfits by lachasse and christian dior . on the left , a model in a lachasse suit with a slim black pencil skirt and a light coloured jacket with wide turned - back sleeve cuffs , fitted bodice , belted waist , and a deep , flaring peplum with double - breasted buttons below the waist on the peplum . the model wears the lapels of her jacket turned up and wears long black gloves , a wide - brimmed black straw hat , and a tightly rolled umbrella . this suit is called
michael
, but this may be a reference to its being designed by michael donéllan , the house designer for lachasse before opening his own fashion house in 1953 . on the right , a coat and dress ensemble called
james
by christian dior . the loose , collarless swing coat with dark contrast binding at the edges of the sleeves and facings is worn open over a simple fitted sheath dress with a pencil skirt . 1 of 94 sheets of fashion drawings . inscribed with the designers ' names , descriptions in french , and dated on the back .
lachasse was founded in 1928 by frederick shingleton . digby morton was the head designer from 1928 - 1933 , followed by hardy amies from 1933 - 1939 . michael ( later of carlos place ) was the designer from 1940 to 1953 . the company was renowned for stylish tailored daywear and was headed by peter lewis - crown from 1964 until it closed down in 2006 .
absolutely gorgeous 1950s dress in soft red , pink , green and orange printed chiffon from english label lachasse . this piece is extremely feminine and full of pretty details with sheer top section , bow at the back and attached belt woven through the pleats of the skirt . it is fully lined in magenta silk and fastens at the back with a zip . in excellent condition .
having worked in selfridges and liberty , he became a sketch artist at jay ' s fashion store , sketching paris designs for clients . in 1928 , he was recruited as a designer to a new london couture house , gray paulette & shingleton . he came in on his own terms , using his own staff and designs , and suggested the rebranded name lachasse , as it sounded chic .
in early 1934 , with no previous experience , he succeeded the designer manager , digby morton , who had left lachasse to set up his own house . amies later said that many of his early designs were both hideous and extravagant , but in 1937 he scored a success with a tweed suit called
panic
. by the time war intervened , he was designing the whole collection .
charles undertook an apprenticeship designed to fit him to be a designer for a leading paris couture house . molyneux , an exceptionally successful couturier in both london and paris in the interwar years had begun by doing drawings for lucile , as had hartnell . hardy amies , who was to become the royal couturier after the war , had trained before the war with the london couture house of lachasse where his mother was a
fromenti did not usually draw paris and london designs on the same sheet . these two outfits , one by the london couture house lachasse , and the other by christian dior of paris , were drawn on separate pages , and afterwards joined by the publisher . the lachasse suit , which is called
michael
, features a slim black pencil skirt with a light - coloured jacket with deep flared peplum , tightly belted waist and fitted bodice . this tightly cinched silhouette was made popular by designers such as christian dior in the late 1940s , although the dior outfit , which is called
james
, shows how paris couturiers had moved on . whilst the dior outfit features a simple , fitted sheath dress , it is worn with a loosely fitted , collarless swing coat showing the more natural , relaxed silhouette towards which parisian tailoring was moving .
lachasse closed and he joined up . his linguistic skills proved valuable , and he moved up the ranks in the intelligence corps to the rank of lieutenant colonel . and he did not give up designing . the government allowed couturiers time off to continue work in fashion , specifically for its own utility scheme to produce well - designed clothes in accordance with its imposed wartime restriction , and to create luxury couture to sell abroad for dollars for the war effort .
three 1960 ' s couture ' lachasse ' ladies suits . a green blue and black printed light weight silk suit . fully lined in silk . 30
waist . approx size 10 / 12 . a gold coloured light weight linen suit , fully lined in silk . size 10 / 12 . a further apricot linen three piece suit . 30
waist . size 10 / 12 . the suits are all labelled ' la chasse london ' . ( 7 )
according to peter lewis - crown , who joined lachasse in 1949 and became the couture house ' s owner , its three main designers , all of whom left their mark , were digby morton , who popularized donegal tweed for womenswear ; hardy amies , who gave the tailored suit a geometrical approach by using the fabric selvedge around the body instead of downwards , and michael donellan , who made the tailored suit an acceptable mode of dress from morning through to evening .
after five years at lachasse , morton established his own couture house in 1934 . in 1939 he was invited to design the women ' s voluntary service uniform and during world war ii was an active member of the incorporated society of london fashion designers , established in 1942 to promote exports of british fashion . morton also designed a collection of garments for the british government ' s utility clothing scheme ( no - trim standards for wartime clothing and household goods ) , which went into production anonymously in 1942 .
chief lachasse is a member of several organizations including the international association of chiefs of police , fbi national academy associates , california peace officers association , william h . parker los angeles police foundation , chief special agents association , california police chiefs association , challengers boys and girls club board of directors , peace officers association of los angeles county executive board , and los angeles police museum board of directors . he also provides instruction nationally and internationally to public officials and law enforcement officers on the command of critical incidents .
through raw talent , drive and expert timing , amies made lachasse one of the most sought - after names for any smart shop on both sides of the atlantic , and by 1940 he himself was considered one of london’s finest couturiers . his designs managed miraculously to marry english restraint with gallic verve , something notably lacking in his contemporaries . like hartnell in the 20s , he had his finger on the pulse of fashion , and knew instinctively what his clientele were looking for . unlike his contemporary chanel or futuristic 60’s designer courreges , his talent was not for invention , but innovation .
my lords , i congratulate the noble baroness , lady whitaker , on securing this important debate on design . i have enjoyed it thoroughly . what follows is what my government say , and i am delighted to repeat it , but it is lovely for me to hear the expertise expressed on all sides of the house , including from former education ministers . that is my personal comment . as regards the
paris model
on the other side of the chamber , i am terribly grateful that i am wearing my suit made for me by lachasse 24 years ago . it is still going strong . good design definitely counts .
at this stage amies had had no formal training , although those sessions on his mother’s knee had clearly paid off : within a year of joining lachasse in 1934 he was managing designer . with the advent of the second world war his life took an interesting turn . in1943 he joined the belgian section of the special operations executive . his aptitude for languages was such that he worked with the belgian resistance using the name of fashion accessories as code words . his uniform , naturally , was specially tailored on savile row . however the dilettante exterior concealed a far tougher interior . a training report concluded : “this officer is far tougher both physically and mentally than his rather precious appearance would suggest . ”
after demobilization , amies set up his own house in november 1945 at 14 savile row , in the heart of london ' s tailoring district . staff from lachasse , worth , and miss gray joined him , bringing their clients and skills and enabling amies to establish a reputation for all - around excellence . although nearly forty , he was considered young in couture terms . amies played on this , promoting himself and his house as vigorous , youthful , and progressive . in 1950 he was among the first london couturiers to set up a boutique line aimed at export buyers , selected provincial retail buyers , and the general public . within two years the new business was half the size of the couture business .
amies worked in france and germany and came home fluent in the language of both countries . although he had no experience in fashion - his job in germany was with the weighing - machine firm , avery ' s - a letter he sent to an aunt , describing a fellow guest ' s dress at a dinner party , landed him his first job in fashion . the dress described was worn by the wife of the owner of the fashionable sportswear firm of lachasse , whose designer , digby morton , had recently left to set up his own fashion house . amies - totally untried - took over his role , although what he was to do was never actually spelt out to him . the year was 1933 .
born edwin amies , the designer set up his savile row couture house under the name hardy amies in 1945 . after designing for the houses of lachasse and worth , amies was financially backed by actress and ex - wife to cary grant , virginia cherrill . amies continued the longstanding tradition of the english tailor - made and established himself as an expert tailor of both mens and womenswear . in 1950 , amies received his first royal commission , dressing queen elizabeth for a state trip to canada . five years later , the designer would succeed norman hartnell , receiving the royal warrant as dressmaker to the queen . today , amies remains the sole surviving english house of the postwar years after claire malcolm revived the label in january of 2012 .
was clearly his destiny . a chance letter describing a dress worn by miss gray led to the offer of a job as designer at lachasse , a sportswear shop owned by miss gray ' s husband , fred shingleton . in late 1933 , amies was invited by mr . and mrs . shingleton ( miss gray ) to join their party at a dance given in aid of the middlesex hospital . at christmas 1933 , amies wrote a letter to mlle . louise probet - piolat ( aunt louie ) , a friend of his mother , describing the dress worn by mrs . shingleton at the dance . aunt louie in turn wrote to mrs . shingleton , reporting
how vivid she found my description .
mrs shingleton threw the letter across the table to her husband and said ,
you ought to get that boy into the business in digby morton ' s place
( amies 1954 , pp . 52–53 ) . undeterred by his complete ignorance of practical dressmaking , amies boldly grabbed the opportunity .
a model in a tweed slip and wide belt suit designed by digby morton .
ask anyone for irish fashion luminaries of the past , and you ' ll get names like sybil connolly , doyenne of tweed and linen , and carmel snow , pioneering editor of ' harper ' s bazaar ' .
almost nobody mentions digby morton , who is undoubtedly the counrty ' s most influential fashion export ( until philip treacy , lainey keogh and the current crop came along ) .
for three decades – 1930s to 1960s – he was among the top 10 designers in london , where his architectural approach helped change the shape of fashion . women who like sharp suits and clean tailoring owe him a debt of gratitude .
morton was a dubliner , the son and grandson of accountants with guinness , but after graduating from the dublin school of art in 1923 , he moved to london . he made his career in britain and america , which is maybe why he ' s largely forgotten here .
his debut collection was suitably irish , but with a twist – ardara tweeds in unusual colour combinations , like pale lime green and duck egg blue with dark brown . under his expert cutting and tailoring – he reduced decoration to a minimum to allow the cut speak for itself – hitherto stuffy country tweeds became fashionable town wear . his preference for uncluttered design was also reflected in his dislike of evening - wear , which he referred to as
debutante clothes
.
in 1934 he set up his own design house under his name in kensington . it became one of the leading brands for tailored sportswear , which was coming into vogue .
in 1936 he married phyllis painting . as ' anne seymour ' , she was editor of ' woman & beauty ' . during the war , he helped design the uniform for the wrvs . he re - opened his couture house after the war and grudgingly began to introduce evening - wear – but strictly tailored , no meringues .
he was quick to see that couture ' s days were numbered ; the future lay in ready - to - wear . not all designers could make the transition but morton had great success . he always said that he felt constrained by couture , and that his real design career began when he started designing clothes for the average woman .
his first success in america came in 1953 when the hathaway company , manufacturers of top quality men ' s shirts , asked him to design a women ' s collection . by copying the cut of men ' s shirts , with slight adjustments for the female form , morton created the collection in brilliant colours and patterns , with contrasting bowties . the success of this venture earned him the title of ' daring digby ' by ' time ' magazine .
in 1957 he closed his london couture house and set up the company reldan - digby morton with nadler , a large fashion producer , owned by cyril kern .
morton ' s ready - to - wear designs for reldan - digby morton introduced ready - made garments with a couture image to the british public and were equally successful in america . the more adventurous designs – bright yellow - and - black striped suits and jet black beach coats – appealed to a market of playboys and dandies .
unsurprisingly given his reaction to overt decoration and frills , menswear always appealed to morton , and in 1963 he designed his first menswear collection in trevira cloth for the cologne fair .
one of his most widely publicised garments was the mesh - over - flesh vestshirt , which featured string vest fabric with formal shirting . other designs played on the traditional male suit , with unusual features such as curved side slits on formal trousers .
for the next 10 years , until his retirement in 1973 , morton concentrated on menswear , but it ' s as a designer of cool , tailored , uncluttered womenswear that he ' s celebrated .
' i thought i would end up with my head on a spike for beatrice ' s hat ' - irish milliner philip . . .
hat - maker for the royals philip treacy has said he thought he would end up with his
head on a spike
for his design worn by britain ' s princess beatrice at the royal wedding in 2011 .
bairbre power i always extol the virtues of a great statement hat to lift glamorous occasion wear and make it ladies ' day - ready .
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video : khloe kardashian , kendall jenner and kylie jenner put on a leggy . . .
kim kardashian showed off her curves at the launch of her new perfume , fleur . . .
the launch of christian dior ' s new look in 1947 marked the beginning of a momentous decade in fashion history , one that dior himself called the ' golden age ' . celebrating the end of war and the birth of a new era , it set a standard for dressmaking and high fashion that has rarely been surpassed .
in paris , couture houses such as balenciaga , balmain and fath attracted worldwide attention for elegance and glamour . london was renowned for formal state gowns by court dressmakers and impeccable tailoring by designers like hardy amies .
evening dress by cristóbal balenciaga , about 1955 , paris , france . museum no . t . 427 - 1967 . © victoria and albert museum , london
the production of couture was important to the prestige and economy of both france and britain . while traditionally catering for wealthy private clients , the couture houses also sought new markets . as the decade progressed , they created perfumes , opened boutiques and licensed their designs to foreign manufacturers . by the late 1950s , the leading couture houses had become global brands .
dior ' s death in 1957 brought this golden age to an end . with the changing social and economic climate fashion moved from the fitting rooms and ateliers into the streets and boutiques . yet its legacy of artistry and craftmanship survives in the remaining grand houses of paris and the bespoke workshops of savile row .
in 1939 , there were seventy registered couture houses in paris , including the grand establishments of chanel , schiaparelli and balenciaga . this flourishing industry was disrupted by the wartime occupation of paris . private clients dispersed , international sales almost ceased and many couturiers closed . the germans planned to move couture to berlin but lucien lelong , president of the chambre syndicale de la couture parisienne , objected , saying , ' it is in paris or it is nowhere ' .
eglantine ; théâtre de la mode , fashion illustration , roger worth , about 1944 , paris , france . museum no . e . 22248 - 1957 . © victoria and albert museum , london
in 1945 - 6 , the paris couturiers created the théâtre de la mode , a touring exhibition of nearly two hundred dolls in sets , created by artists such as christian bérard and jean cocteau . the théâtre brought together a community that even as late as 1946 was still suffering hardship : ' beautiful models huddled around little stoves . skilful midinettes ( seamstresses ) bulged with sweaters . . . there was still not enough electric current to run all the machines or to burn the lights long . ' the théâtre toured to britain , scandinavia and the usa , raising funds for war victims and promoting french fashion .
dior launched his couture house on 12 february 1947 and became an overnight sensation . his voluptuous collection was the antithesis of masculine wartime fashions . instead , the designs featured sloping shoulders , a full bust and a cinched - in waist above full , long skirts . it was christened on the spot by carmel snow , editor of american harper ' s bazaar , as the ' new look ' . london couturier john cavanagh described the style as ' a total glorification of the female form ' .
' the new look ' jacket by christian dior , 1947 , paris . museum no . t . 109 - 1982 . © victoria and albert museum , london
the amount of fabric required to create a new look garment caused outrage in london , as rationing was still in place . the collection was shown in secret to queen elizabeth ii and other members of the royal family at the french embassy in london . although initially condemned by the british board of trade , the new look gained widespread popularity , particularly after princess margaret adopted it , attracted by its femininity and youth .
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this is an original artwork for a fashion illustration by marcel fromenti for the lady , a weekly magazine for women published since 1885 . at the time it was made , fromenti was the main artist for the lady ' s fashion articles . the glamorous women in his drawings modelled both couture and high - end ready - to - wear garments with equal panache and elegance . couture dresses and suits by leading paris and london couturiers such as christian dior , pierre balmain and norman hartnell were drawn with the same flair as designs from british ready - to - wear labels such as susan small , roecliff & chapman , and marcus . the articles described the fashion developments of their day in simple , accessible terms that contributed greatly to the lady ' s popularity with its readers . pencil notes record the designers , fabric and colour details , alongside technical instructions to the printers as to how these images should be incorporated into the printed page and at what scale .
nb : this description is for e . 1572 : 1 & 2 - 1954 . the record is for one of two parts .
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mcdowell , colin , mcdowell ' s directory of 20th century fashion , london , 1984 .
lambert , eleanor , world of fashion : people , places , resources , new york & london , 1976 .
ginsburg , madeleine , and prudence glynn , in fashion , london , 1977 .
mulvagh , jane , vogue history of 20th century fashion , london , 1988 .
morton transformed the classic tweed suit into a fashionable garment through the carefully planned placing of seams that gave a more decorative line to the native irish tweeds he used . sir hardy amies acknowledges that morton ' s intricate cutting technique and designs made the ordinary country tweed suit into a fashionable garment , worn confidently in town as well as the country . morton ' s first collection , in 1929 , featured ardara tweeds , large herringbone wools , and diagonal stripes and checks in the then - unusual color combinations such as pale lime green and duck egg blue with dark brown . morton used french printed silks by rodier for blouses and linings which were clean cut and spare for detail , and far removed from what he called
postmistress blouses .
morton ' s belief that british women could not successfully wear conspicuous clothes was evident in designs where he endeavored to
translate the trends of feminine fashion into the masculine medium of tailoring .
his theory was that it was more difficult to eliminate details than to decorate garments , which resulted in simple lines that relied for effect upon his use of fabrics . morton ' s preference for uncluttered designs was also reflected in his dislike of designing eveningwear , which he referred to as debutante clothes . when he began to introduce eveningwear into his collections in the late 1940s his designs were based on the tailored evening dress .
morton became more closely involved in the field of ready - to - wear clothing in the postwar period and enjoyed particular success in the american market during the 1950s . in 1953 he was asked to design the lady hathaway shirt collection for the hathaway company—a manufacturer of top quality men ' s shirts . by copying the cut of men ' s shirts , with slight adjustments for the female form , morton created the collection in brilliant colors and patterns with contrasting bowties . the success of this venture earned him the title of daring digby by time magazine . this may have prompted morton to close his couture house in 1957 and enter the field of ready - to - wear on a full - time basis . morton always acknowledged he felt constrained by couture , and his real design career began when he started designing clothes for the average woman .
in 1958 morton formed the company reldan - digby morton with nadler , a large fashion producer owned by cyril kern . morton ' s ready - to - wear designs for reldan - digby morton introduced ready - made garments with a couture image to the british public . the collection of separates was renamed togethers and produced at the company ' s high wycombe , buckinghamshire factory . they were also successful in america where some of the more adventurous designs such as bright yellow - and - black striped suits and jet black beach coats appealed to a particular market .
in 1963 morton began designing menswear , an area that had always appealed to him—he had personally adopted the neo - edwardian style so fashionable for men in the 1950s . morton designed his first menswear collection in trevira cloth for the cologne fair , one of the most widely publicized garments of which was the mesh - over - flesh vestshirt which featured string vest fabric with formal shirting . other designs played on the traditional image of the male suit , with unusual features such as curved side slits on formal trousers .
primarily a designer of tailored clothes , digby morton was recognized for his use of traditional fabrics in unusual color combinations . his couture designs for women reflected his belief that the british couture customer required unobtrusive suits in good tweeds that were wearable rather than dramatic .
clear skies . low 62f . winds ene at 5 to 10 mph . .
virginia harvey , the inspiration for a 24 - inch doll , lives in kill devil hills and has scrapbooks featuring her counterpart . ( chris curry | the virginian - pilot )
sculpted from wax , she stood two feet high , had high brows and feathery lashes .
she looked just like a lady , and people remarked on that likeness , but what they really talked about was her haute couture wardrobe .
miss virginia had suits of tweed and silk , a dyed - mink coat and sequin ed sweater , a silk cocktail dress and a pleated skirt of fine wool . she had an embroidered satin evening gown and sparkling tiara , hats in silk jersey and glazed straw , nylon stockings and satin and lace lingerie . she was also well accessorized , with handbags , jewelry , a tiny cigarette case and two pairs of leather gloves .
miss virginia was created for a 1954 exhibition in london called dolls through the ages that raised money for the blind . she was a hit , showing up in newspapers and magazines and coined the
world ' s smallest mannequin .
by the end of the decade , though , the doll - lady disappeared .
harvey , whose last name was woodford then , remembers having a cast made of her face , and that the doll was sculpted to scale based on her own measurements . whether having her own doll was very exciting is hard to say .
it was an exciting time for fashion , though .
everything had been so austere
during world war ii , harvey said . the new designers
changed the way everyone dressed .
the fashions were lady - like , which harvey loved , and she bought some of the garments she modeled . some were too expensive , though , and didn ' t fit her lifestyle .
they said , ' no , no , you can ' t have it . it ' s a national treasure , '
harvey recalled .
nobody knew where it was , even though it was a national treasure . i think it was under someone ' s desk in a box somewhere .
harvey got the call from her cousin in october . the doll was on display at the victoria and albert museum in london and would be there through january . then it would return to the fashion museum in bath .
the harveys had recently returned from a three - week trip to england and hadn ' t planned to return for a couple of years .
but harvey ' s cousin was insistent , and so was her daughter . liz konstanzer had grown up looking at her mother ' s scrapbook from her modeling days . in magazine and newspaper clippings , the slender and lovely virginia woodford wears perfectly cut suits and dresses and evening gowns . she talks about parties , her christmas plans and what she is looking for in a husband . and there are little virginia and real virginia pictured side by side , again and again .
harvey and konstanzer , who also lives on the outer banks , made the trip together .
to think of something you did at 19 , and you have a whole other life , and suddenly it ' s back and looking wonderful ,
harvey said recently , sitting at her kitchen table with millard .
spread out in front of her was the old scrapbook , the black pages faded and the articles yellowed . there was another book , a new one from the museum , called
the golden age of couture .
kristin davis , ( 252 ) 441 - 1623 , kristin . davis @ urltoken
no name - calling , personal insults or threats . no attacks based on race , gender , ethnicity , etc . no writing with your caps lock on – it ' s screaming . stay on topic and under 1 , 500 characters . no profanity or vulgarity . stay g - or pg - rated . read the full rules here .


pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) is a technology used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases under pressure according to the species ' molecular characteristics and affinity for an adsorbent material .

it operates at near-ambient temperatures and differs significantly from cryogenic distillation techniques of gas separation .

specific adsorptive materials ( e.g. , zeolites , activated carbon , molecular sieves , etc. ) are used as a trap , preferentially adsorbing the target gas species at high pressure .

the process then swings to low pressure to desorb the adsorbed material .

pressure swing adsorption

a method for screening the potential of mofs as co2 adsorbents in pressure swing adsorption processes .
of pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) processes are typically in the order of minutes or even seconds .
11 . the method of claim 10 wherein the pressure swing adsorption system has four or more adsorber vessels .
pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) is a cost - efficient process for producing a high purity oxygen or nitrogen .
a method for screening the potential of mofs as co2 adsorbents in pressure swing adsorption processes . - pubmed - ncbi
evaluating the system performance of a pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) unit by removing the carbon d . . .
( 2 ) depressurization to sub - ambient pressure levels ( i . e . vacuum swing adsorption or vsa ) ; and
the process of the pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) technology is an extremely clean operation . the only ‘raw material’ is air .
two stage pressure swing adsorption process for producing the less strongly adsorbed component of a feed gas mixture - air products and chemicals , inc .
sircar , s . “gas separation by rapid pressure swing adsorption , ” u . s . patent 5 , 071 , 449 ( 1991 ) .
pigorini , g . and m . d . levan , “equilibrium theory for pressure swing adsorption . 2 . purification and enrichment in layered beds , ”
toussaint , l . j . , “adsorbent beds for pressure swing adsorption operations , ” us patent 5 , 203 , 887 , april 20 , 1993 .
pressure swing adsorption is a widely used technology for the purification of gases . this regeneration process is accomplished by reducing the pressure . at the moderate pressures found in compressed air systems , such as 100 pounds per square inch , an adsorbent can support a certain amount of moisture . when that pressure is dropped to ambient air pressure , the adsorbent can only support a smaller amount of moisture . by swinging the pressure from high to low , it is possible to adsorb large quantities of moisture at the higher pressure , and then release that moisture at the low pressure . this technique is called pressure swing adsorption . by alternating between two adsorbent filled vessels , one vessel being on line and removing moisture at high pressure , and the other off line releasing the trapped moisture at low pressure , it is possible to thoroughly dry a gas .
. in the majority of pressure swing separations a combination of the 2 methods is employed . use of a purge fluid alone is unusual .
( 2 ) repressurizing the second stage adsorption bed by introducing repressurization gas into the second stage adsorption bed .
earls , d . e . and g . n . long , “multiple bed rapid pressure swing adsorption for oxygen , ” u . s . patent 4 , 194 , 891 ( 1980 ) .
jones , r . l . , g . e . keller , and r . c . wells , “rapid pressure swing adsorption process with high enrichment factor , ” u . s . patent no . 4 ,
convenience . consistency . low operating costs . these are just a few reasons why many companies are opting to use pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) gas production technology , along with its flexibility , scale and performance advantages .
while pressure is built in one vessel , the second vessel is regenerated by a pressure decrease , to guarantee a continuous flow . before the subsequent adsorption or desorption stage , a pressure equalization between the adsorption vessels will take place . when the pressure decreases in the first cylinder and the pellets are saturated , the waste product is exhausted through the exhaust system . the pressure in the second vessel will now be build up until the pressure between both vessels are once again equalized . for a constant production of gas , this process is constantly repeated .
carlos a . grande ( august 1st 2011 ) . biogas upgrading by pressure swing adsorption , biofuel ' s engineering process technology marco aurelio dos santos bernardes , intechopen , doi : 10 . 5772 / 18428 . available from :
sakoda , a . and m . suzuki , “performance and potential of piston - driven rapid pressure swing adsorption , ” paper presented at annual alche meeting ( extended abstract 10d ) , miami beach , florida ( 1992 ) .
adsorption the psa principle is used for separation of atmospheric air , where product gases are separated from others by adsorption process .
jones , r . l . , g . e . keller , and r . c . wells , “rapid pressure swing adsorption with high enrichment factor , ” u . s . patent 4 , 194 , 892 ( 1980 ) .
oxymat’s on - site oxygen and nitrogen generators are based on the well - known psa ( pressure swing adsorption technology ) using two pressurized columns with molecular sieves to ensure continuous production , for separation of either oxygen or nitrogen from other gases .
. separations by psa and vsa are controlled by adsorption equilibrium or adsorption kinetics . both types of control are important commercially . for the
the present invention relates to a pressure swing adsorption process for producing the less strongly adsorbed component of a feed gas mixture which utilizes a first adsorbent for bulk removal of the more strongly adsorbed component and a second adsorbent for trace removal of the more strongly adsorbed component .
pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) technology is increasingly applied for purification of gases and for bulk separation of most various gas mixtures . typical product gases are hydrogen , carbon monoxide , ethylene , nitrogen , oxygen and methane . this paper presents an introduction to the technique of psa plants and gives a survey of current practical applications of adsorption technology in modern process plant complexes .
according to the unit characteristics and the relationships of mass and energy , alternative procedures to produce hydrogen from coke oven gas ( cog ) were proposed . in these hydrogen amplification systems , co 2 adsorption enhanced hydrogen reactor was combined with pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) separation process . their performances were analyzed and evaluated by technical and economic . . . [ show full abstract ]
a novel rapid pressure swing adsorption ( rpsa ) process is described for production of 25–50 % oxygen enriched air . the embodiment consists of one or more pairs of adsorbent layers contained in a single adsorption vessel . the layers undergo simultaneous pressurization - adsorption and simultaneous depressurization - purge steps . a total cycle time of 6–20 seconds is used . the process yields a very large specific oxygen production rate and a reasonable oxygen recovery for production of 20–50 mole % oxygen enriched gas .
for hydrogen recovery / purification applications where the feed stream is at low to intermediate pressure ( < 1000 psig ) and where downstream process requirements require minimum pressure reduction and high purity hydrogen product , pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) technology is the process of choice . uop’s market leading polybed psa technology is the result of years of technical innovation and commercial experience . as the industry leader in molecular sieve / adsorbent research and development , uop combines superior high performance adsorbent technology with innovative process and mechanical design . process benefits include :
pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) technology represents an important separation process for gases . in addition to typical integration of psa units in the plant structures ( e . g . combination of steam reformer and h2 - psa ) more complex combinations are possible to optimise the overall process performance . the psa process itself is strongly influenced by certain process parameters like tail gas pressure , number of pressure equalisation steps etc . psa units can handle growing throughputs meanwhile they are getting specifically smaller . sophisticated control systems enhance the performance , flexibility and automation .
in the world of air gas production , capacities and product purities are increasing while plants are getting smaller and smaller all the time . though this trend may be an observation of air separation plants ( asus ) and large - scale production , there is undoubtedly an intrinsic link to the proliferation of pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) technologies .
. the feed pressure was 440 psig and the feed temperature was 70° f . the 5 bed psa cycle of
to take advantage of the fact that for a given partial pressure the loading is increased as the temperature is decreased .
7 . the method of claim 6 wherein the pressure of the reformer gas is between about 15 and 800 psig .
9 . the method of claim 8 wherein the pressure of the reformer gas is between about 15 and 800 psig .
this aiche academy video explains how differential adsorption can be exploited to continuously separate gases at high purity .
an exemplary hydrogen psa process is illustrated in the cycle chart of fig . 1 , which describes the operation of a pressure swing adsorption system with five parallel adsorber vessels and shows the steps occurring in each of the adsorber beds as a function of time . each adsorber vessel has an inlet and an outlet and contains a first bed of adsorbent material selective for the adsorption of carbon monoxide and optionally nitrogen . each vessel also contains a second bed of adsorbent material selective for the adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide , wherein the second bed is disposed between the vessel inlet and the first bed .
it is demonstrated by a simple mathematical model of isothermal single adsorbate pressure swing ad ( de ) sorption concept on a single adsorbent particle that the specific production rate of a psa process cannot be indefinitely increased by reducing the cycle time of operation when adsorbate mass transfer resistances are finite .
the development and commercialization of carbon molecular sieves ( cms ) are closely connected with the development of pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) processes for the separation of gases . it was already known in the 1960s that certain carbonaceous materials have a molecular sieving effect similar to that of the well known zeolitic molecular sieves . the effect was observed during basic research . . . [ show full abstract ]
psa processes are based upon the static separation of ambient air – comprised of 21 % oxygen , 78 % nitrogen and just under 1 % of argon – via a given adsorbent capable of extracting a target gas at high pressure . as a general rule , the higher the pressure , the more gas is adsorbed ; when that pressure is reduced , the gas is desorbed ( released ) .
a pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) process for producing the less strongly adsorbed component of a feed gas mixture which utilizes a first adsorbent for bulk removal of the more strongly adsorbed component and a second adsorbent for trace removal of the more strongly adsorbed component is taught in the art . specifically , japanese laid - open patent application no . 63 - 240914 by takahashi et al . teaches such a process in the context of :
keller , g . e . , r . a . anderson , and c . m . yon , “adsorption” in
it has been determined that the heat of co adsorption has a strong effect on its psa performance for co removal from h 2 . heats of adsorption were determined by measuring co adsorption isotherms at two temperatures , determining henry ' s law constants from these isotherms at pressures below 10 torr , and using the clausius - clayperon equation to derive the heats of co adsorption in the henry ' s law region . fig . 6 shows the relation between the co heat of adsorption and the relative feed loading at 24 second feed times . it is seen that the psa performance is a strong function of the heat of co adsorption and that optimum psa performance is obtained when the co heat of adsorption is between about 6 . 0 and about 7 . 5 kcal / gmole . for reference , the heat of co adsorption on cax is about 9 . 0 kcal / gmole and that for lix is 8 . 2 kcal / gmole , both above the optimum determined here .
steps ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) , and ( 5 ) are typically described in the art as pressure equalization steps , although the pressures in the two beds that are exchanging gas may not actually be equal at the end of the step . depressurization step ( 6 ) may be described as a blowdown step and typically the waste gas from this step is withdrawn at pressures above or at atmospheric pressure . the purge waste gas from the inlet of an adsorber vessel during the purge step is withdrawn at the lowest pressure in the psa cycle , and this pressure may be above , at , or below atmospheric pressure . idle steps are utilized as necessary to balance out the cycle steps among the multiple adsorbers .
( 2 ) a carbon monoxide heat of adsorption between about 6 . 0 and about 7 . 5 kcal / gmole ;
the piston - driven ultra rapid pressure swing adsorption ( urpsa ) equipment was developed and oxygen enrichment from air was examined as an example . the adsorbent bed is directly connected to the cylinder where a piston moves at high frequency . thus pressurization and depressurization in the bed are driven by mechanical piston motion , which can achieve far more rapid cycles compared with the conventional pressure swing operation using valves . the cycle time is usually on the order of seconds or sub seconds . oxygen enrichment from air up to about 60 % or higher of oxygen concentration was achieved by small - scale equipment using zeolite 5a with a oxygen production capacity of 100 nm 3 - product gas / m 3 - zeolite / hr , which is about ten times larger than those of commercialized psas for this purpose .
dry compressed air is blown through a valve to the first vessel where the pressure is built to reach 4 to 8 bar ( g ) . the unwanted gas is adsorbed by the pellets during the building of the pressure , and the molecules you want will pass through to the accumulation tank .
. . . current research suggests an additional gas treatment downstream of the gpu . approaches such as polymeric membranes ( pm ) or pressure swing adsorption ( psa ) can be applied to capture co 2 from the offgas of the gpu ( see fig . 2 ) [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] , [ 5 ] , [ 6 ] . these can raise the capture rate from 90 % to 99 % [ 7 ] , [ 8 ] . . . .
are used , oxygen and nitrogen have almost the same adsorption isotherms , but the effective diffusivity of oxygen is much larger than nitrogen . hence
fig . 6 is a plot of relative feed loading vs . the co heat of adsorption according to an embodiment of the present invention .
in this embodiment , the pressure swing adsorption system may have four or more adsorber vessels . the adsorbent material in the first bed may comprise a binder and type 5a zeolite that is 70 % to 95 % calcium exchanged . alternatively , the adsorbent material in the first bed may be binderless and may comprise type 5a zeolite that is 60 % to 91 % calcium exchanged . the adsorbent material in the first bed may comprise activated carbon impregnated with cucl . the adsorbent material in the second bed may comprise activated carbon .
( 8 ) repeating steps ( 1 ) through ( 7 ) in a cyclic manner . the pressure of the reformer gas typically is between about 15 and 800 psig .
( 12 ) repeating steps ( 1 ) through ( 11 ) in a cyclic manner . the pressure of the reformer gas may be between about 15 and 800 psig .
as with the first stage adsorption bed , the second stage adsorption bed must then be regenerated in order to prepare it for a subsequent adsorption step . such regeneration comprises first depressurizing a2 in order to desorb and withdraw the majority of the gas which was adsorbed in the adsorption step . because most of the oxygen in the fresh feed to the process will already have been removed in the first stage , this desorbed gas stream in line 18 will consist primarily of nitrogen ( typically around 95 % nitrogen or higher ) and is thus advantageously recycled to the first stage adsorption bed in order to improve its performance . ( as will be shown in the example below , the performance improvement is generally determined by any increase in the product recovery and bed productivity ) .
. . . the desorbed gases are enriched in the more strongly adsorbed components of the feed gas . psa carries out the adsorption step at a superambient pres - sure , and desorption is achieved at a near - ambient pressure level ( 31 , 32 ) . generally , no external heat is used for the desorption step . . . .
5 . the method of claim 1 wherein each adsorber vessel comprises an additional bed of adsorbent material disposed between the inlet of the adsorber vessel and the bed of adsorbent material that is selective for the adsorption of carbon monoxide and nitrogen , wherein the additional bed of adsorbent material is selective for the adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide .
xebec adsorption inc . canada toll free : 1 - 877 - 469 - 3232 | phone : ( 450 ) 979 - 8700 | fax : ( 450 ) 979 - 7869 email : sales @ urltoken xebec adsorption usa , inc usa toll free : 1 - 866 - 622 - 9100 | phone : ( 832 ) 532 - 8741 | fax : ( 832 ) 532 - 8746 email : sales @ urltoken xebec adsorption europe s . r . l italy phone : + 39 - 02 - 6467 - 2619 email : sales @ urltoken xebec adsorption ( shanghai ) co . , ltd china phone : + 86 - 21 - 3352 - 8700 | fax : 86 - 21 - 3352 8725 email : chinasales @ urltoken
. . . over the years it has been demonstrated that psa technology can be used in a large variety of applications : hydrogen purification585960616263646566676869707172 , air separation [ 57 , 73– 80 ] , obogs ( on - board gas generation system ) [ 81 ] , co 2 removal828384 , noble gases ( he , xe , ar ) purification [ 85– 87 ] , ch 4 upgrading [ 31 , 34 , 37 , 40 , 42 , 888990919293949596 , n - iso paraffin separation [ 5 , 979899 , and so forth . the psa processes are normally associated to low energy consumption when compared to other technologies [ 12 , 55 , 100101 102 . as a rule of thumb , pressure swing adsorption is preferred to other processes when the concentration of the components to be removed is quite important ( more than a few per cent ) . . . .
a two stage pressure swing adsorption process is set forth for producing the less strongly adsorbed component of a feed gas mixture wherein the first stage utilizes a first adsorbent for bulk removal of the more strongly adsorbed component and wherein the second stage utilizes a second adsorbent for trace removal of the more strongly adsorbed component . a further feature of the present invention is that the desorbed gas from the second stage ' s depressurization step ( consisting primarily of the desired less strongly adsorbed component ) is recycled to the first stage in order to improve its performance . in a preferred embodiment of the present invention , high purity nitrogen ( less than 1000 ppm oxygen , preferably less than 100 ppm oxygen ) is produced from an air feed using a kinetically controlled carbon molecular sieve adsorbent in the first stage and an equilibrium controlled metal complex - based adsorbent in the second stage .
notaro , f . , t . mullhaupt , f . w . leavitt , and m . w . ackley , “adsorption process and system using multilayer adsorbent beds , ”us patent 5 , 674 , 311 , october 20 , 1998 .
the present invention is a two stage pressure swing adsorption process for producing the less strongly adsorbed component of a feed gas mixture wherein the first stage utilizes a first adsorbent for bulk removal of the more strongly adsorbed component and wherein the second stage utilizes a second adsorbent for trace removal of the more strongly adsorbed component . a further feature of the present invention is that the desorbed gas from the second stage ' s depressurization step ( consisting primarily of the desired less strongly adsorbed component ) is recycled to the first stage in order to improve its performance . in a preferred embodiment of the present invention , high purity nitrogen ( less than 1000 ppm oxygen , preferably less than 100 ppm oxygen ) is produced from an air feed using a kinetically controlled carbon molecular sieve adsorbent in the first stage and an equilibrium controlled metal complex - based adsorbent in the second stage .
the intermediate product stream in line 14 is passed through second stage adsorption bed a2 which contains a metal complex - based adsorbent selective for the retention and trace removal of the remaining oxygen to produce a final product stream in line 16 which is further enriched in nitrogen ( typically at least 99 . 9 % nitrogen ) . similar to the first adsorption step , this second adsorption step is continued for a controlled time period or until the concentration of oxygen in the final product stream reaches a preset limit ( typically less than 0 . 1 % ) . a preferred class of metal complex - based adsorbents to be used in this adsorption step are the cobalt - based adsorbents taught in u . s . pat . nos . 5 , 126 , 466 ; 5 , 141 , 725 ; 5 , 208 , 335 and 5 , 239 , 098 all by ramprasad et al . as discussed in these patents , the ramprasad adsorbents are preferred in that they have the following properties :
separation of gases or vapours ; recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases ; chemical or biological purification of waste gases , e . g . engine exhaust gases , smoke , fumes , flue gases , aerosols by adsorption , e . g . preparative gas chromatography
park , j . - h . , j . - n . kim , s . h . cho , j . - d . kim , and r . t . yang , “adsorber dynamics and optimal design of layered beds for multicomponent gas adsorption , ”
another embodiment of the invention relates to a method for the separation of a gas mixture comprising ( a ) providing a reformer gas containing hydrogen , carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , methane , and nitrogen ; providing a pressure swing adsorption system having a plurality of adsorber vessels , each vessel having an inlet and an outlet ; providing a first bed of adsorbent material disposed within each adsorber vessel , wherein the first bed of adsorbent material is selective for the adsorption of carbon monoxide and nitrogen , and providing a second bed of adsorbent material disposed between the inlet of the adsorber vessel and the first bed of adsorbent , wherein the second bed of adsorbent material is selective for the adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide ; initiating a feed step that comprises ( 1 ) introducing the reformer gas into the inlet of the adsorber vessel , passing the reformer gas consecutively through the second bed of adsorbent material and the first bed of adsorbent material , and ( 2 ) withdrawing a purified hydrogen product from the outlet of the adsorber vessel ; continuing the feed step for a feed time period of about 30 seconds or less ; and ( f ) terminating the feed step . the adsorbent material in the first bed may be characterized by any of ( 1 ) a henry ' s law constant for carbon monoxide between about 2 . 5 and about 5 . 5 ( mmole / g ) / atm ; ( 2 ) a carbon monoxide heat of adsorption between about 6 . 0 and about 7 . 5 kcal / gmole ; ( 3 ) a henry ' s law constant for nitrogen greater than about 1 . 5 ( mmole / g ) / atm ; and ( 4 ) a selectivity of carbon monoxide to nitrogen between about 5 . 0 and about 8 . 0 .
product contained 3 ppmv co . each bed contained 63 vol % activated carbon ( calgon type aphp ) on the feed end of the bed and 37 % zeolite on the product end of the bed . both adsorbents had an average particle diameter of about 2 mm . various final layer zeolites were tested including a highly exchanged binderless type 5a ( caa ) , a binderless type 13x ( nax ) , and two 5a samples with varying ca exchange levels . table 1 presents results of the testing in addition to the co henry ' s law constant ( initial isotherm slope ) at 70° f . the adsorption isotherms were measured in a standard volumetric adsorption unit . the lowest partial pressure measured during isotherm measurement was 10 torr ( 0 . 013 atma ) ; the isotherms were in the linear range and good henry ' s law constants were obtained .
separation of gases or vapours ; recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases ; chemical or biological purification of waste gases , e . g . engine exhaust gases , smoke , fumes , flue gases , aerosols by adsorption , e . g . preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
2 . the process of claim 1 wherein steps ( a ) through ( d ) are performed as a continually repeating cycle of steps in a system comprising a plurality of adsorption beds which each undergo their respective cycle of steps while collectively operated sequentially in parallel with one another .
5 . the process of claim 4 wherein steps ( a ) through ( d ) are performed as a continually repeating cycle of steps in a system comprising a plurality of adsorption beds which each undergo their respective cycle of steps while collectively operated sequentially in parallel with one another .
the first stage adsorption bed a1 must then be regenerated in order to prepare it for a subsequent adsorption step . such regeneration comprises first depressurizing a1 in order to desorb and withdraw the majority of the gas which was adsorbed in the adsorption step . this oxygen - enriched desorbed gas stream in line 15 is typically discarded as a waste stream . next , a1 is purged with a nitrogen - enriched purge stream in line 18c in order to purge a1 of any oxygen which may remain in a1 after the depressurization step . although not shown in fig . 1 , a portion of the effluent from this purge step ( specifically the effluent from the later portion of the purge step since this portion will generally have a higher concentration of nitrogen ) can be recycled to the feed . finally , a1 is repressurized through its feed end with a nitrogen - enriched repressurization gas in line 18b .
it should be noted that in a preferred operational mode for fig . 1 , the above described steps are performed as a continually repeating cycle of steps in a system comprising a plurality of adsorption beds which each undergo their respective cycle of steps while collectively operated sequentially in parallel with one another .
the feed gas mixture may contain hydrogen , carbon monoxide , and nitrogen and may be provided by passing a reformer gas containing hydrogen , carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , methane , and nitrogen through a bed of activated carbon to remove essentially all of the carbon dioxide and methane from the reformer gas . each adsorber vessel may comprise an additional bed of adsorbent material disposed between the inlet of the adsorber vessel and the bed of adsorbent material that is selective for the adsorption of carbon monoxide and nitrogen , wherein the additional bed of adsorbent material is selective for the adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide .
an embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for the separation of a gas mixture comprising ( a ) providing a feed gas mixture containing at least hydrogen and carbon monoxide and optionally containing nitrogen ; ( b ) providing a pressure swing adsorption system having a plurality of adsorber vessels , each vessel having an inlet and an outlet ; ( c ) providing a bed of adsorbent material disposed within each adsorber vessel , wherein the adsorbent material is selective for the adsorption of carbon monoxide and nitrogen ; and ( d ) initiating a feed step that comprises ( 1 ) introducing the feed gas mixture into the inlet of the adsorber vessel , passing the feed gas mixture through the bed of adsorbent material wherein at least a portion of the carbon monoxide is adsorbed by the adsorbent material and wherein , if nitrogen is present in the gas mixture , at least a portion of the nitrogen is adsorbed by the adsorbent material ; and ( 2 ) withdrawing a purified hydrogen product from the outlet of the adsorber vessel ; ( e ) continuing the feed step for a feed time period of about 30 seconds or less ; and ( f ) terminating the feed step . the adsorbent material may be characterized by any of ( 1 ) a henry ' s law constant for carbon monoxide between about 2 . 5 and about 5 . 5 ( mmole / g ) / atm ; ( 2 ) a carbon monoxide heat of adsorption between about 6 . 0 and about 7 . 5 kcal / gmole ; ( 3 ) a henry ' s law constant for nitrogen greater than about 1 . 5 ( mmole / g ) / atm ; and ( 4 ) a selectivity of carbon monoxide to nitrogen between about 5 . 0 and about 8 . 0 .
the bed of adsorbent in each adsorber vessel used in the psa processes described above typically is a cylindrical bed in a cylindrical vessel . alternatively , the bed of adsorbent may be configured within the adsorber vessel as a radial bed or as a horizontal bed , both of which are known in the adsorption art .
referring now to fig . 1 , an air feed in line 10 comprising oxygen as the more adsorbable component and nitrogen as the desired less adsorbable component is compressed in compressor c1 and passed through first stage adsorption bed a1 which contains a carbon molecular sieve adsorbent selective for the retention and bulk removal of oxygen to produce a nitrogen - enriched ( typically 95 . 0 to 99 . 9 % nitrogen ) intermediate product stream in line 14 . this first stage adsorption step is continued for a controlled time period or until the concentration of oxygen in intermediate product stream 14 reaches a preset limit ( typically around 1 to 3 % ) .
. . . cryogenic air distillation operates at low temperatures ( à170 to à190 °c ) to separate o 2 / n 2 based on their difference in boiling point [ 2 ] resulting in o 2 and n 2 purities of > 99 % [ 3 , 4 ] . psa runs at close to ambient temperatures but at high pressure to separate o 2 / n 2 based on their difference in adsorption degree on molecular sieves resulting in o 2 and n 2 purities of 90–95 % [ 3 , 5 ] . baker et al . [ 6 ] reported that alternatives to these methods should : ( 1 ) cost less than the cryogenic technique and ( 2 ) give gas purity high enough to satisfy application requirements . . . .
. . . cryogenic air distillation operates at low temperatures ( à170 to à190 °c ) to separate o 2 / n 2 based on their difference in boiling point [ 2 ] resulting in o 2 and n 2 purities of > 99 % [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . psa runs at close to ambient temperatures but at high pressure to separate o 2 / n 2 based on their difference in adsorption degree on molecular sieves resulting in o 2 and n 2 purities of 90–95 % [ 3 ] [ 5 ] . baker et al . [ 6 ] reported that alternatives to these methods should : ( 1 ) cost less than the cryogenic technique and ( 2 ) give gas purity high enough to satisfy application requirements . . . .
these results show that the type 13x adsorbent had the highest n 2 mass transfer coefficient , but this adsorbent did not show the best psa performance as shown in example 2 . the other three adsorbents had nearly the same mass transfer coefficient . these results show that the equilibrium adsorption properties are very important in determining optimum psa performance in rapid cycle psa processes .
. . . moreover , only feed compression constitutes the key energy requirements for the process , which can be significantly low for precombustion capture since feed is already available at high pressure [ 32 ] [ 33 ] [ 34 ] . an overview of how the psa units can be integrated in complex flowsheets of power plants and steam reformers for precombustion co 2 capture is presented in the work of voss [ 35 ] . . . .
. . . over the years it has been demonstrated that psa technology can be used in a large variety of applications : hydrogen purification [ 58 ] [ 59 ] [ 60 ] [ 61 ] [ 62 ] [ 63 ] [ 64 ] [ 65 ] [ 66 ] [ 67 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] [ 70 ] [ 71 ] [ 72 ] , air separation [ 57 , 73– 80 ] , obogs ( on - board gas generation system ) [ 81 ] , co 2 removal [ 82 ] [ 83 ] [ 84 ] , noble gases ( he , xe , ar ) purification [ 85– 87 ] , ch 4 upgrading [ 31 , 34 , 37 , 40 , 42 , [ 88 ] [ 89 ] [ 90 ] [ 91 ] [ 92 ] [ 93 ] [ 94 ] [ 95 ] [ 96 ] , n - iso paraffin separation [ 5 , [ 97 ] [ 98 ] [ 99 ] , and so forth . the psa processes are normally associated to low energy consumption when compared to other technologies [ 12 , 55 , [ 100 ] [ 101 ] [ 102 ] . as a rule of thumb , pressure swing adsorption is preferred to other processes when the concentration of the components to be removed is quite important ( more than a few per cent ) . . . .
. the feed pressure was 120 psig , the feed temperature was 70° f . , and the feed time was 24 seconds . the adsorbent vessels were filled with 60 vol % activated carbon ( calgon type pcb ) on the feed end of the vessel and 40 vol % zeolite on the product end of the vessel . in this rapid cycle testing , the average particle diameters were about 1 mm . the results of the testing are shown in table 2 and
the design and operation of these psa systems can present complex engineering challenges because of the large number of variables and parameters involved . these variables and parameters may include , for example , adsorbent type , adsorbent particle size , bed length / diameter ratio , gas flow velocities , gas residence times , type of psa operating cycle , duration of steps in the psa cycle , number of adsorbent beds , feed gas pressure , feed gas composition , product throughput , and product purity .
in a psa process , the terms “feed step” and “adsorption step” as used herein are equivalent and are defined as the introduction of feed gas into an adsorbent bed while withdrawing product gas from the bed . this step occurs during a feed time or a feed time period . when a specific adsorbent material is described herein as being selective for a specific component or components in a gas mixture , this means that the specific component or components are adsorbed on the adsorbent material to a greater extent than the other components in the gas mixture . henry ' s law constant , k h , is the well - known parameter that defines the limiting slope of an adsorption isotherm at low pressures where the isotherm is essentially linear . the selectivity of an adsorbent for one component relative to another component is defined as the ratio of the henry ' s law constants of the two components .
method for the separation of a gas mixture comprising providing a psa system with at least one adsorber vessel containing adsorbent material that is selective for the adsorption of carbon monoxide and nitrogen , passing a feed gas mixture containing at least hydrogen and carbon monoxide and optionally containing nitrogen through the adsorbent material in a feed step and withdrawing a purified hydrogen product from the adsorber vessel , wherein the feed step has a duration or feed time period of about 30 seconds or less . the adsorbent material is characterized by any of ( 1 ) a henry ' s law constant for carbon monoxide between about 2 . 5 and about 5 . 5 ( mmole / g ) / atm ; ( 2 ) a carbon monoxide heat of adsorption between about 6 . 0 and about 7 . 5 kcal / gmole ; ( 3 ) a henry ' s law constant for nitrogen greater than about 1 . 5 ( mmole / g ) / atm ; and ( 4 ) a selectivity of carbon monoxide to nitrogen between about 5 . 0 and about 8 . 0 .
different surfaces are more adept at attracting different gases , meaning target - rich gases can be attained by selecting the most suitable material – and differences in properties such as molecular structure , size and mass are exploited to achieve the desired degree of product purity . carbon molecular sieve technology , for example , separates nitrogen and oxygen and is able to adsorb oxygen under pressure and allow nitrogen to pass through as the product . oxygen concentrators are mainly comprised of two separation vessels – zeolites – filled with molecular sieve absorbers that essentially retain nitrogen and release oxygen straight to the generator outlet . exercising two adsorbent vessels warrants almost permanent production of the target gas .
the purpose of this example is to demonstrate the improved product recovery that results from the present invention ' s recycling of the second stage desorbed gas to the first stage . this was accomplished by simulating 4 cases for comparison : a base case representing fig . 1 ' s embodiment where no recycle of the desorbed gas from the second stage is implemented and cases a , b and c representing fig . 1 ' s embodiment wherein recycle options a , b and c ( as discussed above ) are implemented respectively . to ensure the accuracy of the comparison , each case produces ( 1 ) an intermediate nitrogen product stream containing 99 % nitrogen ; ( 2 ) a final nitrogen product stream containing 20 ppm oxygen ; and ( 3 ) a desorbed gas stream from the second stage containing 96 % nitrogen . table 1 summarizes the overall product recovery ( final product / feed to the first stage x 100 % ) . as shown in table 1 , recycle options a , b and c enjoy , respectively , a 5 % , 9 % and 15 % advantage in product recovery over the base case . in addition to providing improved product recoveries over the base case , cases a , b and c also provide an improved adsorption bed productivity over the base case thereby enabling a size reduction for the first stage adsorption bed .
the adsorbent material described herein may be in the form of particulate material such as granules , extrudates , pellets , beads , and powders . the particulate adsorbent materials described herein may use a binder or binders , or alternatively may be binderless . a binder is a material used to effectively bind fine zeolite powders together to give the required size , shape , and mechanical strength of the final particles . typical binders include clays , alumina , silica , and silica / alumina . typical binder quantities include 5 to 25 wt % . when a particulate adsorbent material is used in a rapid cycle psa process having feed times of about 30 seconds or less , the average particle diameter may be selected advantageously to give an acceptable balance between mass transfer characteristics and pressure drop . for example , the average particle diameter of the adsorbent material may be between about 0 . 7 and about 1 . 3 mm .
the adsorbent materials described herein may be utilized in any appropriate rapid cycle psa system known in the art for hydrogen purification . a rapid cycle is defined as any adsorption cycle wherein the duration of the feed step is 30 seconds or less . for example , a typical psa system with multiple parallel beds may be used wherein each bed proceeds in turn through a feed step , one or more depressurization steps with gas transfer to another bed or other beds undergoing pressurization , a provide purge depressurization step wherein the depressurization gas is used to purge another bed , a waste gas blowdown step , a purge step , one or more pressurization steps with gas transfer from another bed or other beds undergoing depressurization , and a final pressurization step using feed gas . the rapid cycle psa process used in embodiments of the present invention may have a feed step duration or feed time period of about 30 seconds or less .
the present invention also provides for the efficient integration of the two stages in that the desorbed gas which is produced during depressurization of the second stage is recycled to the first stage ( as additional feed for example ) to improve the performance of the first stage . the reason that such a recycle scheme improves the performance of the first stage is that , because the first stage will already have removed most of the more adsorbable component from the fresh feed to the process , the desorbed gas from the second stage will consist primarily of the desired less adsorbable component . indeed , the concentration of the desired component will be higher in the desorbed gas from the second stage vis - a - vis the fresh feed to the process . thus , by recycling the second stage desorbed gas to the fresh feed to the process , the concentration of the desired component in the feed to the first stage is made higher than it would be otherwise . this gives the first stage a
head start
in concentrating the desired component which improves the performance of the first stage . the closest art to such recycling of the second stage desorbed gas is probably uk patent 2 , 227 , 685 by garrett et al . which teaches a single stage adsorption process wherein the desorbed gas from the latter part of the depressurization step is recycled to the feed .
conventional psa systems used today in industry are made up of four to sixteen large vessels , connected by a complex network of piping and valves to switch the gas flows between the vessels . despite their widespread use in industry , xebec believes that conventional psa systems suffer from a number of inherent disadvantages . these psa systems typically operate at slow cycle speeds of 0 . 05 to 0 . 5 cycles / minute since faster cycle speeds would cause the adsorbent beads to float or fluidize in the vessel , causing the beads to wear and ultimately fail . to meet customer demands for capacity , conventional psa systems must utilize large vessels to compensate for the slow cycle speeds , leading to higher costs and a large equipment footprint . the use of large vessels also means that these psa systems are typically erected in the field , increasing installation costs . the network of piping and valves used in large scale psa systems , with the associated instrumentation and process control equipment , also adds cost to the overall system .
oxymat on - site oxygen and nitrogen generators allow for an uninterrupted supply of gas with a high purity output . this means that you can produce gas where and when you need it , and in the exact quantity and quality you need .
an oxymat generator is composed of two cylinders storing either zeolite pellets or carbon molecular sieves ( cms ) . zeolite is used to produce oxygen . cms is used to produce nitrogen .
our psa nitrogen generators can produce purities between 95 - 99 . 9999 % ( 1 ppm ) nitrogen . our psa oxygen generators produce purities between 92 - 95 % oxygen .
„the faroese salmon industry has not always been successful . additionally , we have also been affected by diseases over the years . but for the past 6 - 8 years , the salmon industry has made great progress . the good and close cooperation between leif mohr and oxymat has made it possible for our company today to look back with joy that we have supplied psa systems to all the new smolt production facilities in the faroe islands . we have also replaced some of the old psa systems with newer models . we look forward to the future and hope that the cooperation between leif mohr and oxymat also can benefit to optimize our customers ' needs . ”
„oxymat is vand and teknik’s preferred supplier of psa oxygen generators , when we develop and build the fresh water plants of the future in denmark . so far more than 10 generators are operating all over the country and more is to come . vand og teknik has chosen oxymat as our psa supplier , because of the high product quality and the reliability of the psa generator . “
„a customer in galway has a high purity oxymat nitrogen generator , which is used for cutting stainless steel almost constantly , and the nitrogen supply has been highly reliable and economical . this addition to their engineering works allows them to reduce their production costs , while at the same time , reduce the ordering and handling burden of buying in nitrogen . the target specification was 10 parts per million ( ppm ) and the plant always exceeds that target . we can recommend oxymat nitrogen generators to any laser cutting operation .
„in intensive aquaculture , oxygen is an indispensable addition . hesy aquaculture , worldwide supplier of turn key recirculation aquaculture systems , and oxymat have a solid cooperation of more than 20 years .
„most healthcare providers in kenya face challenges in ensuring reliable supply of medical oxygen in their facilities . those who have bought oxymat on - site psa oxygen generating plants , now do not have this difficulty . their facilities now have consistent supply with the overall effect of lowering mortality associated with inefficient oxygen supply . our partnership with oxymat is therefore of great benefit to the country .
„we have 3 oxymat oxygen generators for our 3 lines of production in our company . the first oxygen generator has made a reference for the others we purchased and we are happy as a user . gaz - lab ' s ( oxymat local partner ) technical support when needed is another satisfaction point for us . we also ordered a nitrogen generator recently .
„oxymat nitrogen generating system combined with our container solution have served non - stop in several coal mines in the silesian region . this combination provides a high safety level in operation and at lower costs and minimal downtime .
„introduction of oxygen in cyanidation process significantly increased gold recovery thus roi for oxymat psa plant was just a few months .
„at lst we design and produce ecological ozone generation systems for the textile industry worldwide . we have been using oxymat oxygen generators to feed our systems for several years and we have always been very happy with their reliability and efficiency .
melih özcelik , ceo lst lazer sistemleri teknolojisi san . ve tic . a . s .
„the dalkarby plant of ålands supplies 475 m³ of drinking water to nearly 27 . 000 inhabitants of åland , and twice that during summer peak season . oxymat supplied us with a generator that delivered on key features : reliable supply of oxygen , 93 % purity and low energy consumption .
„oxygen is crucial to aquaculture and industrial fish farming . in norway , transporting large quantities of bulk liquid gas over vast distances has an enormous impact on the environment . when energy consumption can be reduced by 30 % , this is just an added benefit to controlling capacity and optimizing production that makes a psa plant investment worthwhile .
„we chose a psa system because it gave us several advantages to a membrane system . the system is more reliable with both higher quantity and purity output . at the same time , maintenance is simpler with reduced cost for replacing parts , especially membrane filters .
horst baumann , ahrenkiel consulting services gmbh & co . kg , suisse outremer ahrenkiel & co .
„oxymat onsite oxygen generator system for medical oxygen has helped us save time , charges pertaining to delivery and transportation and manpower required during running out of gas . after installing the oxymat unit we are getting uninterrupted gas and can save energy efficiently , above all we are getting supply in exact quantity and quality needed . now we realised , why buy expensive bottles or bulk oxygen from gas companies when we can make our own .
oxymat is iso 9001 , iso 13485 , iso 14001 , ac 2009 , ped 2014 / 68 / eu module b + d , iso 7396 , iso 18001 ( ohsas ) , ce , mdd 93 / 42 / ec , gost , us pharmacopoeia , european pharmacopoeia certified .
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