rainmaker studios ( formerly rainmaker entertainment , and before that , mainframe entertainment inc. ) is a canadian computer animation and design company based in vancouver , british columbia .

they are best known for producing the first ever cgi animated series , reboot , as well as the transformers spin-offs , beast wars : transformers and beast machines : transformers .

in recent years , they have also become known for producing most of the entries in the barbie film series for mattel .

rainmaker entertainment

animation production ( as rainmaker entertainment inc . ) , video post - production ( as rainmaker entertainment inc . )
animation production ( as rainmaker entertainment inc . ) , video post - production ( as rainmaker entertainment inc . ) less
hit entertainment has tapped vancouver - based rainmaker entertainment’s mainframe division to animate a new cg - animated bob the builder series .
glassdoor gives you an inside look at what it ' s like to work at rainmaker entertainment , including salaries , reviews , office photos , and more . this is the rainmaker entertainment company profile . all content is posted anonymously by employees working at rainmaker entertainment .
. as head of rainmaker , hefferon joins kim dent wilder , svp production and operations . hefferon joins rainmaker entertainment from bardel entertainment where he oversaw numerous productions and associations with broadcasters worldwide . separately , bardel entertainment ceo delna bhesania was appointed to rainmaker’s board of directors .
learn how rainmaker entertainment avoids six - figure downtime costs with netapp storage systems and intelligent caching .
rainmaker entertainment and blockade entertainment ' s ratchet & clank releases on 2 , 890 screens across the u . s . and canada on april 29 , 2016
production company ( producer ) , video post production ( as rainmaker entertainment , inc . vancouver , british columbia )
production company ( producer ) , video post production ( as rainmaker entertainment , inc . vancouver , british columbia ) less
playstation is a registered trademark of sony computer entertainment inc . ratchet & clank is a registered trademark of sony computer entertainment america llc .
directed by david feiss , rainmaker entertainment’s fourth installment in the ‘open season’ franchise celebrates 10th anniversary of the original animated feature .
i applied online . the process took 2 days . i interviewed at rainmaker entertainment ( vancouver , bc ( canada ) ) in august 2014 .
vancouver - based animation studio rainmaker entertainment is rebooting the mainframe entertainment brand , a name celebrated for its pioneering achievements in computer - animated television , with the launch of a new division dedicated to the production of animated programming for television .
develop new rig modules that adhere to the rainmaker pipeline requirements . rainmaker has an opportunity for a rigging artist to join our studio ! . . .
aligns and engages with the values of rainmaker : . we are looking for experienced storyboard artists to join an upcoming project at rainmaker ! . . .
feature film and tv exec michael hefferon has joined cgi animation studio rainmaker entertainment as president and executive producer . the announcement by rainmaker chairman and ceo craig graham reflects the vancouver - based company’s growth in animation services and original productions such as its partnership with the weinstein company on
aligns and engages with the values of rainmaker : . rainmaker is on the lookout for talented designers on an exciting upcoming tv series , fashion ally ( working . . .
vancouver - - rainmaker entertainment has entered into an arm’s - length merger agreement with frederator encompassing broadway frederator networks inc . , frederator allied media , inc . and frederator founder & ceo fred seibert .
thunder ! lightning ! action ! rainmaker entertainment is a full service cg animation studio in vancouver . the company also has a facility in london , which offers visual effects and 3d animation to the uk market . rainmaker has produced more than 25 animated films and some 280 half . . .
rainmaker entertainment was founded in 1991 initially under the name mainframe . the animation studio changed its name in 2007 to rainmaker . in its history it has done tv , straight - to - video , and two theatrical movies . they are most known for creating the abc saturday morning classic ,
computer - generated imagery ( cgi ) has come a long way since rainmaker entertainment ( rainmaker ) launched the first - ever cgi animation series , reboot , in 1994 . since then , the vancouver based company has become one of the world’s most sought after animation and visual effects studios .
aligns and engages with the values of rainmaker : . we are seeking a lead 2d animator on a to join the first 2d harmony project to be produced at rainmaker . . .
sony computer entertainment america llc ( scea ) has revolutionized home entertainment since the first playstation® console launched in 1995 in the united states , followed by the playstation®2 computer entertainment system launch in 2000 . scea continues to redefine the entertainment lifestyle with the psp® ( playstation®portable ) handheld entertainment system , the playstation®3 ( ps3™ ) computer entertainment system , psn ( sm ) , playstation®vita ( ps vita ) handheld entertainment system , and the recently launched playstation®4 ( ps4™ ) computer entertainment system . scea also launched playstation®mobile , a cross device mobile platform using android - based playstation® certified devices in october 2012 . recognized as an undisputed industry leader , scea markets the playstation® family of products and develops , publishes , markets and distributes software for psp , ps3 , ps vita , and ps4 systems in north and south america . based in san mateo , california , scea serves as headquarters for all north and south american operations .
rainmaker studios , a multifaceted animation studio , is one of canada’s largest producers of cg animation .
rainmaker has also agreed to concurrently acquire , pursuant to an arm’s - length share purchase agreement , ezrin hirsh entertainment at an implied enterprise value of approximately $ 5 . 2 million to be paid by the issuance of 26 million common shares of rainmaker at a deemed issue price of $ 0 . 20 per share .
vancouver - based animation studio rainmaker entertainment reboots the mainframe entertainment brand with the launch of a new tv division ; two new series in development include an all - new version of the popular reboot franchise , and tiger’s apprentice , a cgi animated series based on the trilogy of young adult novels written by award - winning author laurence yep .
mainframe entertainment incorporated was the publicly owned canadian studio company that produced the pioneering first full - length computer animated television series reboot . as of 2006 the amalgamation of mainframe and a newly formed subsidiary of rnk capital limited partnership , which in turn , makes it now a
rainmaker income fund
subsidiary . it is now named rainmaker animation inc .
acquired from starz media in 2006 by then newly - established rainmaker entertainment , mainframe entertainment was responsible for an impressive production slate throughout the 1990’s and early 2000’s , including several seasons of reboot , as well as the critically - acclaimed ‘transformers’ spin - off beast wars . mainframe credits also include weird - oh’s , spider - man , action man , heavy gear , max steel , scary godmother and barbie .
supports and integrates the values of rainmaker that being a commitment to innovation , creativity , professionalism and inspiration . . . .
craig graham , the current chairman and ceo of rainmaker added , “i appreciate the efforts and cooperation of the rainmaker bondholders , shareholders , and management in consummating this transformational transaction . we have worked hard at rainmaker to build a great animation studio with the support of our clients , and we welcome the frederator and ezrin hirsh teams to work together with us as we grow to the next level . ”
rainmaker is on the lookout for a talented art director on an exciting upcoming tv series , fashion ally ( working title ) . . . .
we are seeking an assistant controller to join the rainmaker team ! the assistant controller reports to the controller and director of finance and supports the . . .
throughout its more than 20 - year history of cgi production , rainmaker has never missed a customer deadline—an impressive accomplishment and a distinction the company is determined to keep , even in light of increasingly demanding customer requirements . over the past decade , rainmaker has moved from standard - definition video to high - definition video and beyond .
rainmaker is on the lookout for a talented art director on an upcoming unnanounced tv series . as the art director you will oversee visual development of the . . .
“we are excited to be working with hit entertainment on the collaboration of an all new bob the builder series , ” says michael hefferon , president and executive producer of rainmaker . “it is an honor for us to be entrusted with the opportunity to be a part of this iconic property , bringing fresh episodes of bob the builder to a new generation of kids . ”
. in 2007 after changing to rainmaker , they also sold off their visual effects and post department , leaving just animation . they are known today more for creating all the
rainmaker entertainment is the co - producer and lead investor of the cg - animated ratchet & clank . the feature film is based on the iconic playstation video game franchise from sony computer entertainment america , llc ( scea ) , created and developed by insomniac games , and was produced in parallel with the latest video game release for playstation 4 , which just topped the u . k . sales charts securing the # 1 spot as best - selling retail game ( week ending april 23 , 2016 , according to gfk chart - track ) and claiming the first # 1 in franchise history .
aligns and engages with the values of rainmaker : . we are currently on the lookout for a surfacing artist with knowledge in substance to join our studio on an . . .
rainmaker can now take on more concurrent projects , thereby increasing revenue potential and customer satisfaction . quality control has also improved , because artists have the opportunity to do additional iterations .
with the success of reboot ' s syndicated third season , pearson and his team had produced six computer animated tv series , which have aired in over 70 countries around the world and have won many prestigious awards . mainframe entertainment inc . rose as the world ' s pre - eminent producer of computer animation , expanding into long - form cgi for feature films and interactive entertainment . mainframe had produced over 150 hours of computer animation .
“we are excited to focus our television production activities under the mainframe brand with an all - new version of reboot as well as engage with celebrated children’s programming producer jane startz on tiger’s apprentice . reboot is certain to be embraced by a new generation of fans while tiger’s apprentice will provide a bold and unique television experience for kids everywhere , ” said michael hefferon , president and executive producer of mainframe parent rainmaker entertainment .
“frederator’s goal of pursuing world class talent will be increased exponentially by creating wow ! unlimited with michael hirsh and his team , and rainmaker entertainment , ” seibert , who will become the largest shareholder in wow ! , commented about the deal . “the vertical integration will facilitate discovery of new digital filmmakers , leveling them up to produce premium , global programming , while simultaneously growing digital platforms with both advertising and subscription support . ”
sony computer entertainment america llc released a companion ratchet & clank® video game , a re - imagination of the origin story for the playstation®4 computer entertainment system prior to the release of the film . the game was developed by franchise creator , insomniac games . since the first ratchet & clank video game was released in november 2002 , the franchise has been a massive success , quickly becoming one of the most popular franchises in the scea portfolio , selling over 27 million copies worldwide .
$ 17 million cad deal to see former dhx media exec and nelvana limited and cookie jar entertainment co - founder michael hirsh to lead the company as ceo and chairman of the board ; frederator networks founder fred seibert to join the company as coo .
now in production , the series is being produced out of hit’s united kingdom headquarters with animation services provided by mainframe . hit entertainment will produce two series of 52 11 - minute episodes of the popular preschool show , due to be delivered in late 2015 .
not wanting to risk its perfect 20 - year record of meeting deadlines , rainmaker began looking for a new storage solution that could meet its requirements for performance , manageability , and scalability . stinson reached out to netapp .
culver city , ca - - in celebration of open season ’s 10th anniversary , sony pictures animation will present an all - new animated movie , open season scared silly , on blu - ray combo pack , dvd and digital hd march 8th . this national debut , from sony pictures home entertainment , is the latest release for one of the most successful animated franchises to date , bringing back elliot , boog and all of the beloved woodland creatures from the previous open season series . the fourth installment is a comedic mystery adventure directed by david feiss ( head of story on the original open season and creator of the popular tv series cow and chicken ) ; produced by john bush ( tv’s the simpsons ) ; and featuring computer animation from rainmaker entertainment , inc .
to accelerate the rendering process , rainmaker uses fas8000 systems running a combination of netapp flash cache pcie - attached intelligent caching and netapp flash pool intelligent caching , which automates the use of solid - state disk ( ssd ) to reduce latency .
following the completion of the transaction , rainmaker intends to change its name to wow ! unlimited media , reconstitute its board of directors , implement a 10 : 1 share consolidation and reorganize its capital structure to meet the canada broadcasting act requirements regarding canadian control .
each time the company makes a leap to a new resolution standard , its storage requirements quadruple . as individual project sizes grew well beyond 100tbs and 60 million files , rainmaker had to find a new solution to scale storage for its high - performance render farm .
most recently , feiss , whose prolific career began as a story artist for hanna - barbera , directed four mini - movies for the home entertainment release of sony pictures animation’s cloudy with a chance of meatballs 2 , entitled steve’s first bath , super manny , attack of the 50 ft . gummy bear and earl scouts .
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reboot made mainframe entertainment the recipient of several awards . the show received gemini awards for best animated program series for three straight years between 1995 and 1997 , as well as a 1996 outstanding technical achievement award . other honours include the 1995 award of excellence and best animated program from the alliance for children and television and an aurora award in 1996 .
“we are thrilled to be bringing an all new series of bob the builder to viewers around the world , ” says michael carrington , vp global content and executive producer at hit entertainment . “the brand is built on strong foundations and with the new creative direction we’re working on we are committed to ensuring the future remains bright for tv’s favorite builder . ”
the reimagining of the venerable reboot series comes just in time for its20th anniversary . making its debut on television screens in 1994 , reboot was centered on the world of mainframe , where a guardian program sprite and his friends defended the system from superviruses bent on creating havoc and destruction . mainframe entertainment will team with leading computer industry manufacturers to update the reboot universe and create a ground - breaking viewing experience for fans .
rainmaker announced last year the relaunch of mainframe as its television division . mainframe , one of the world’s most prolific producers of computer animation for television and direct to videos , is a brand synonymous with groundbreaking cg animation in the world of tv . the new cg - animated bob the builder series will be the first production under the legendary name since relaunch .
, so it was already doomed . opening weekend totals were half than expected , and the movie dropped 70 % the next weekend . in the end the movie made $ 13 . 1 million against a $ 20 million budget . rainmaker , in the end , lost $ 5 million of their $ 10 million investment . reviews were even worse for this than
the deal - - which is still subject to shareholder approval - - was made for $ 17 . 0 million cad , which will be paid via the issuance of 83 million common shares of rainmaker at an issue price of $ 0 . 20 per share , and the grant of options to certain employees of frederator with an aggregate value of $ 0 . 4 million .
ratchet & clank is the first feature film to have been produced in tandem with a video game , and it has been incredibly exciting to be a part of a constant flow back - and - forth among extremely creative talents , sharing assets with the goal of creating an extended experience for fans ,
commented hefferon .
the movie and the new game complement one another , and we are confident that ratchet & clank will prove to be the full entertainment package for old and new fans alike .
rainmaker has been around for a long time , so : - their pipeline is very solid - the work is quite chilled and relaxed - people are very cool and easy going - you get free chocolate milk , coffee , milk for breakfast - food if you stay late - beer gatherings every friday - and overall just a cool vibe . also , the project i ' m working on is pretty cool and just lots of fun .
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coinciding with the north american release on april 29th , ratchet & clank debuts internationally in the u . k . ( vertigo releasing ) , spain ( precision comunicacion ) , bulgaria ( a plus films ) , czech republic and slovakia ( indigo films ) , iceland ( sena ) , middle east ( eagle films ) , and vietnam ( phuong nam cc ) . the feature film was released earlier in the month in france ( labelle company ) , netherlands ( entertainment one benelux ) , israel ( united king films ) , poland ( kino swiat ) , and south africa ( times media films ) .
“wow ! unlimited is combining frederator , the world’s leading digital animation network , rainmaker , a leading and innovative animation production platform with the management team from ezrin hirsh including bob ezrin , neil chakravarti , and christian davin , all superstars in their own right , ” hirsh , the largest shareholder of eh and the incoming ceo and chairman , commented on the business combination . “through partnerships with great media and telecom companies around the world , we will build the definitive next generation global kids and youth company . ”
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hefferon previously held executive positions at australian cgi animator flying bark productions and germany’s bfc berliner film companie productions where he also was co - producer on the animated feature happily n’ever after . hefferon was also founder and president of phoenix animation which produced fern gully the last rainforest , thumbelina , a goofy movie and all dogs go to heaven ii . hefferon will continue to serve as exec producer on his current tv series projects with bardel .
wga west exec director david young got “significant bonus” to earn $ 1 . 1 million last year
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in conjunction with the reboot , the company has unveiled the first two series in development : an all - new version of the popular reboot franchise , and tiger’s apprentice , a cgi animated series based on the trilogy of young adult novels written by award - winning author laurence yep .
mainframe has also partnered with jane startz , the multi - emmy , golden globe and ace award - winning producer of ella enchanted , the indian in the cupboard , tuck everlasting and the acclaimed the magic school b us . tiger’s apprentice , a coming of age story centered around 12 - year - old tom lee and the guardians of the phoenix . set in san francisco , this modern - day fantasy is filled with classic chinese lore , magic , comedy and action as tom and the guardians fight to protect the human race from ancient evil forces intent on its destruction . mainframe has optioned the animation rights to tiger’s apprentice as part of its commitment towards bringing popular book - based children’s properties to television .
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“my affection for these characters has only grown since we introduced them in sony pictures animation’s first feature , ” feiss commented . “we’re having a lot of fun bringing them back for a new adventure , it feels like a big party with old friends . ”
open season : scared silly features the voice talents of donny lucas ( boog ) , will townsend ( elliot & mr . weenie ) , trevor devall ( shaw ) , kathleen barr ( edna & bobbi ) , garry chalk ( ed ) , and melissa sturm ( giselle ) . boog and elliot are back in an all - new adventure when elliot tells a campfire story of a monster in the woods . boog , who has never been the bravest of bears , becomes very scared . his best friend elliot comes up with a crazy plan to scare the fear out of boog . with the help of mr . weenie , mcsquizzy and the rest of their forest friends , they embark on a memorable journey where the power of friendship helps boog overcome his fears with lots of laughs and some surprises along the way !
the transaction is a transformational event for the company and will combine its existing animation infrastructure with the world’s largest animation multi - channel network and an industry leading management team .
frederator , launched in 2012 and headquartered in new york , manages the channel frederator network , the world’s largest digital animation - only multi - channel network on youtube . from december 2014 to june 2016 , frederator has grown from 109 million monthly views to 450 million monthly views . seibert , founder and ceo of frederator will become the chief creative officer at wow ! and will continue to focus on building the youtube platform and other upcoming platforms , as well as top end content creation .
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the hours can be long and hard and at times it seems the company is trying to get too much done with too few people .
i had a phone interview first and was asked to come by the studio for a one on one the same day . met with the producer , it was a friendly and casual interview , i felt immediately at ease . they understood i couldn ' t show some of my previous work until it was released . i was given an offer the same evening
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hey canada ! today is the day ! watch # reboottheguardiancode at 6 : 30pm e / p on @ ytv don ' t forget to update your app . open your app while the episode is playing on ytv to collect cards ! urltoken
spy kids : mission critical has been nominated for a leo award ! congratulations to our very own craig george , nominated for best direction , animation program or series , for spy kids episode 10
the cookie crumbles
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did i just turn on spy kids : mission critical , an animated version of my childhood ? yes . yes i did .
today we were celebrating creative industries week ! incredible set up at the @ bclegislature . top : talent from @ rainmakerent , the company that brought reboot : guardian code to # yyj last year . below : @ bobdeithmrm being a great sport while getting transformed ! # bccreates @ creativebc urltoken
our newest series , spy kids : mission critical , is now live on netflix ! check out the all - new adventures of carmen and juni cortez as they battle the evil organization , s . w . a . m . p .
one day to go until spy kids : mission critical launches on netflix ! while you ' re waiting , why not binge watch the movies that started it all ? all 4 spy kids movies are on netflix .
next week , spy fans ! spy kids : mission critical launches on @ netflix @ netflixfamily ! see carmen , juni , and the rest of the mission critical team battle golden brain & the forces of s . w . a . m . p . when season 1 drops april 20th ! just one more week ! # spykidsmc18 urltoken
all day , every day , the sourcerer is scheming to make trouble . wonder what he ' s up to today ? urltoken
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. the movie had been in production since 2007 under the weinstein company , with tony leech and cory edwards writing the story . leech and producer brian inerfield had an agreement with the weinstein company where they would receive at least 20 % of the adjusted gross product . leech and inerfield eventually sued the weinstein company for dragging their feet and making new agreements . the weinstein company opened up the script for re - writes , which happened 17 times and production languished for years . in the end , both sides dropped the suits with each paying their own legal fees . i’m guessing they came to a new agreement , but the details were never released . like with any movie that goes through a turbulent production , the movie didn’t do too well . it received bad reviews all around and grossed less than its budget .
was a popular game series from the playstation 2 and playstation 3 era , though the best were the first three from the playstation 2 era . the game’s popularity had waned in the last five years , but insomniac , the creators of the ratchet and clank series , sought to bring the series back with a bang . they had wanted to do a movie version of the game for a while , and for whatever reason they bypassed the obvious straight - to - dvd route . the movie opened near the same time as disney’s live - action
. critics who were not familiar with the game series compared it to much better animated movies being released and critics that were familiar saw it as a pale comparison to the games . to further confuse you : the movie was based around the first game in the series , and a new game was made about the movie , so there are three versions of the first story of
. while the movie tanked , the new game received rave reviews . some games just aren’t supposed to be made into movies . by some , i mean all . please stop making video game movies . it doesn’t matter if they are live - action or animated . they are all terrible . people play video games for a reason . they want to play as that character , not watch them do the story themselves .
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co - creator of reboot ian pearson first teamed up with gavin blair in the 1980s at rushes post - production in london , england while creating the seminal
money for nothing
music video for dire straits using a bosch fgs - 4000 cgi system .
gavin remarked working on the world ' s first computer generated video was
three and half weeks of hell , the machines often crashed , at one point a whole drive was lost when the building was struck by lightening
. this errant lightning bolt left pearson and blair both inspired , and established the foundations for reboot .
after completing dire straits both met in a pub and discussed the possibilities of bringing a cartoon to life but with full computer animation instead of traditional drawings . however , the imminent success of
money for nothing
kept them occupied with other work loads and upcoming projects at rushes . in late 1989 , gavin and his college friend phil mitchell joined pearson at his new company
the mill
in london , while during their spare time continued to develop the ' reboot concept ' for several years .
another work - colleague , john grace , a university teacher joined the team as its third member who had previously worked on portland bill , a british children ' s show with puppets . they brainstormed with various ideas while the technology available on the market developed and the software was more capable of performing cgi .
their story taking place inside a mainframe computer was deliberately chosen due to technological constraints at the time , as the fictional computer world allowed for blocky looking fgs models look state of the art , despite being relatively primitive in realism and motion .
' the hub ' then approached ian gibson , a british comic book artist to design the visuals and character appearances for their series through various artworks . in 1990 a prototype of the pioneering cgi series was made animating an early conceptual version of bob . after an initial attempt , brendan mccarthy joined the staff to assume as executive design consultant into the show ' s pre - production .
ian pearson moved from england to los angeles to work on def leppard ' s 1992 music video
let ' s get rocked
and release the reboot in circulation around major u . s . television networks , after a year the team eventually made a deal with abc network .
due to taxation laws and expenses in the united kingdom , pearson decided it would be best for the show to be produced in vancouver , canada . the reboot team picked up producer christopher brough and kelly daniels , who began work from a hotel on granville island . continued growth forced the move to a larger hotel room in vancouver ' s west end and eventually to a facility in gastown . around the pre - production of reboot the staff had grown to thirty people , necessitated the relocation to howe street office to start production on episode one , the tearing .
the voice actors helped bring the main characters to life , their attitudes and behaviours towards each other . although they had finalised their computer design and appearance , without a recognisable voice , all were still lacking the transition from mannequins . kathleen barr ' s voice defined dot matrix , and bob ' s entire character was based on michael benyaer ' s performance in the editing room during a recording session .
reboot was created on silicon graphics workstations using softimage software . seven episodes were originally produced for the first season in fall 1994 . an additional six episodes were added to the first season when the show was renewed for a second season in ' 95 . the third season has been shown on the ytv network in canada . in the us , it will air on the cartoon network starting in january of 1999 .
the concept for reboot was copyrighted in 1991 ( which is the date in the end credits ) , but the first show was produced in 1993 and shown in the us on abc in september 1994 .
it took six weeks to produce a pair of half - hour shows during the first season . they produce two or more shows in parallel , so that all the animators won ' t be reporting to a single director . only a few seconds of finished product are created per animator on a typical work day .
other gemini award nominations include
best children ' s or youth program or series
in 1998 , and
best sound - comedy , variety , or performing arts program or series
for my two bobs and
best sound - dramatic program
for daemon rising , both in 2002 .
since 1994 the company aired its shows in the north american market and was currently in production on 26 half - hour episodes of action man ( tm ) , along with heavy gear ( tm ) television series . additionally , the studio began production on a large - format stereoscopic feature film based on gulliver ' s travels for release in imax 3d theatres . where it was once comprised of only thirty members after being founded in 1993 , it now employed over 360 artists , animators , technicians and production personnel , winning many prestigious awards for its creative and technical innovations , including an induction into the smithsonian institute .
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expand studio production capacity for cgi animation , as industry standard resolutions for digital video increase .
one of the world’s most sought after animation and visual effects studios expands cgi animation capacity .
since we deployed netapp , i haven’t had any complaints from creative teams about performance issues . this is true even as our customers ' requirements continue to increase .
it blueprint offers an array of business technology services , including consulting , data storage , protection , desktop application and server virtualization .
will open wide on 2 , 890 screens across north america on friday , april 29 , 2016 , distributed by gramercy pictures in the u . s . and universal pictures canada .
in germany ( constantin film ) , argentina ( sun distribution ) , brazil ( playarte films ) , cis ( all media company ) , ex - yugoslavia ( blitz film ) , and greece ( tanweer films ) .
in may , ratchet & clank will rollout on may 4th in belgium ( eone benelux ) , may 5th in hungary ( ads service ) , portugal ( outsider films ) and south korea ( joy n ' contents group ) , may 13th in indonesia ( mvp , soundspace international ) , may 25th in the philippines ( octoarts films ) , and may 26th in chile ( sun distribution ) , malaysia and singapore ( film kingdom ) . in june , the film will be released in australia and new zealand ( village roadshow ) and italy ( lucky red ) , and in august , japan ( ipa asia pacific ) . several additional territories have yet to be announced .
leading international sales agent , cinema management group ( cmg ) , spearheaded the international sales for ratchet & clank .
ratchet & clank tells the story of two unlikely heroes as they struggle to stop a vile alien named chairman drek from destroying every planet in the solana galaxy . ratchet is the last of his kind - - a foolhardy
lombax
who has grown up alone on a backwater planet with no family of his own . clank is a pint - sized robot with more brains than brawn . when the two stumble upon a dangerous weapon capable of destroying entire planets , they must join forces with a team of colorful heroes called the galactic rangers in order to save the galaxy . along the way , they will learn about heroism , friendship , and the importance of discovering one ' s own identity .
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for media inquiries , please contact : michelle orsi / carol holdsworth three . sixty marketing & communications michelle @ urltoken / carol @ urltoken 310 . 418 . 6430 / 805 . 252 . 1848
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" how nuts are the dutch " is an online research platform that became established on 13 december 2013 in the netherlands .

hownutsarethedutch has been designed by researchers from the university of groningen to support self-measurement of mental health for the entire population of the netherlands .

the project shows how crowdsourcing can be used for studying mental health in the general population .

hownutsarethedutch ( hoegekisnl in dutch ) provides automatic personalized feedback on filled-out questionnaires to provide participants with more basic insight in their mental health , including a comparison with the scores of other participants .

hownutsarethedutch is meant to reduce mental health stigma and to promote a discrete categorization of mental health , by showing that all people have both personal strengths and weaknesses , and that most psychological characteristics are distributed continuously in the population .

a background goal is to develop and evaluate personalized interventions to improve mood-related problems and social-emotional functioning .

in the first year 13000 inhabitants of the netherlands and belgium participated .

hownutsarethedutch

hownutsarethedutch ( hoegekisnl ) : a crowdsourcing study of mental symptoms and strengths . - semantic scholar
krieke lvd , jeronimus bf , blaauw fj , wanders rbk , emerencia ac , schenk hm , et al . hownutsarethedutch ( hoegekisnl ) : a crowdsourcing study of mental symptoms and strengths . int j meth psychiat res . 2015 , in press .
we assessed whether or not participants had a romantic partner , a pet , a religious belonging , and daytime activities ( including paid work , unpaid work , school , household activities , and retirement ) using the living situation questionnaire of the hownutsarethedutch study [ 21 ] ; s1 text .
hownutsarethedutch ( dutch : hoegekisnl ) is a national crowdsourcing study designed to investigate multiple continuous mental health dimensions in a sample from the general population ( n = 12 , 503 ) . its main objective is to create an empirically based representation of mental strengths and vulnerabilities , accounting for ( i ) dimensionality and heterogeneity…
questionnaire data on wellbeing ( manchester short assessment of quality of life / happiness index ) , psychological symptoms ( depression anxiety stress scales ) , and personal strengths and resources ( humor , humor style questionnaire ; empathy , empathy quotient questionnaire ; social company ; religion ; daytime activities , living situation questionnaire ) were collected in a population - based internet study ( hownutsarethedutch ; n = 12 , 503 ) . data of the subset of participants who completed the above questionnaires ( n = 2411 ) were used for the present study . regression analyses were performed to predict wellbeing from symptoms , resources , and their interactions .
smartphone credits – short update ( maria schenk ) as mentioned in the previous ilab newsletter ( may2014 ) , there are smartphones available for use in ilab studies . for the study “hownutsarethedutch” ( hoegekisnl ) , we make use of this opportunity . several participants completed the study with the smartphones provided by ilab . we chose vodafone prepaid cards for providing the connectivity . as for any telecom provider , using vodafone cards has pros and cons . the vodafone service and coverage are good . also , the sim cards can be registered online and in case of loss or theft vodafone will replace the sim card for free . the sim cards cost €5 , - , with €5 , - of data for free after registration . the calling credit can be upgraded using cards of €10 , - or a multiple of €10 , - . data can be purchased in amounts of 200 mb ( €9 , 50 ) or 1 gb ( €14 , 95 ) , nothing in between . for hownutsarethedutch we purchased 1 gb , which would definitely be enough for the participants to finish the study . the data balance is valid for 30 days after purchase . the sim card is valid for 1 year after the last time use . all in all we are content with vodafone prepaid .
participants from the general population of the netherlands were recruited by means of a crowdsourcing procedure , in a call to participate in research on mental health as a dimensional and dynamic phenomenon , by means of radio broadcasts , television , local podium discussions , newspapers , and magazines . in this project , called hownutsarethedutch ( in dutch : hoegekisnl ) , individuals were invited to visit the website urltoken ( also urltoken ) and to assess themselves on their mental health in a cross - sectional internet study . participants could fill out questionnaires on several domains of mental health , including sociodemography , wellbeing , psychopathology , and various psychosocial strengths and resources . these questionnaires were presented on the website in “modules” , that is , a set of questionnaires covering a specific domain . the order in which the modules could be completed was partly fixed . all modules were visible from the start , but initially only some of them were activated . the first mandatory module was the “start” module , assessing participants’ sociodemographic profile . subsequently , participants got access to three key modules : 1 ) affect / mood ; 2 ) wellbeing ; and 3 ) living situation , which could be completed in any order . after the affect / mood and wellbeing modules had been completed all other modules became available and could be completed in any order . most of the questionnaires were existing and well - validated questionnaires , except the living situation questionnaire . details on the hownutsarethedutch project are provided elsewhere [ 21 ] .
the wellbeing module of the hownutsarethedutch study included the manchester short assessment of quality of life ( mansa ) [ 22 ] , the happiness index ( hi ) [ 23 ] , the ryff scales of psychological wellbeing ( ryff ) [ 15 ] , and the social production function instrument for the level of wellbeing ( spf - il ) [ 24 ] . as explained in the introduction , in this study , we focused on global judgments of life satisfaction and not on specific domain satisfactions like work , social relations , or personal autonomy [ 15 ] . therefore , we selected those items of the above - mentioned questionnaires that exclusively assess global judgments of life satisfaction . one of the items we selected was the first item of the manchester short assessment of quality of life [ 22 ] , which rates global life satisfaction with the question “how satisfied are you with your life as a whole at this moment ? ” . participants answered this question on a 7 - point scale ranging from 1 = “couldn’t be worse” , via 4 = “mixed ( satisfied and unsatisfied ) ” , to 7 = “couldn’t be better” . global life satisfaction is considered as a prominent indicator of subjective wellbeing in the literature [ 7 , 15 ] . the second item we selected was happiness as assessed with the happiness index , which measures people’s happiness with a single item [ 23 ] . participants rated the question “do you feel happy in general ? ” on an 11 - point scale ( 0–10 ) . previous work showed this single item to be reliable and valid in community surveys , and to show good concurrent validity ( with other happiness / wellbeing / life satisfaction questionnaires ) and divergent validity [ 23 , 25 ] . happiness is often used interchangeably with subjective wellbeing and many researchers argue that happiness may be typically what people have in mind when they refer to wellbeing [ 26 – 28 ] . we calculated a composite score for subjective wellbeing from these two items by standardizing and averaging them . we did so for statistical reasons , that is , to enhance the reliability of the wellbeing measure . cronbach’s α for this measure was 0 . 87 .
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aim the interdisciplinary center psychopathology and emotion regulation ( icpe ) aims to perform high - quality research at the crossroads of various disciplines , including psychiatry , psychology , epidemiology , neurosciences , and internal medicine . the program focuses on common mental health problems , with a special emphasis on affective disorders . main goals are to unravel psychobiological processes involved in the onset and course of affective disorders , and to develop and evaluate personalized interventions to improve mood - related problems and social - emotional functioning . affective problems account for a large proportion of the burden of disease throughout the life span . apart from being a cause of suffering on their own , they are also highly prevalent in a wide range of somatic and psychiatric disorders , and interfere with their course . affective problems are often rooted in early life , with diverging expressions and consequences in subsequent phases of life . these characteristics render affective disorders particularly relevant for healthy ageing .
approach the interdisciplinary nature of the icpe is reflected in both the research themes and the methods used . large longitudinal epidemiological surveys ( e . g . , trails , nesda , lifelines ) are complemented with studies involving more , or more in - depth , measurements in smaller groups to elucidate underlying endophenotypes and temporal patterns . the study designs are both observational and experimental , and involve a variety of ( neuro ) psychological , social , and biological measures , including neuroimaging techniques .
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temporal dynamics of health and well - being : a crowdsourcing approach to momentary assessments and automated generation of personalized feedback . - pubmed - ncbi
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temporal dynamics of health and well - being : a crowdsourcing approach to momentary assessments and automated generation of personalized feedback .
van der krieke l 1 , blaauw fj , emerencia ac , schenk hm , slaets jp , bos eh , de jonge p , jeronimus bf .
from the university of groningen ( van der krieke , blaauw , emerencia , schenk , bos , de jonge , jeronimus ) , university medical center groningen , university center of psychiatry , interdisciplinary center psychopathology and emotion regulation ( icpe ) , the netherlands ; university of groningen ( blaauw ) , johann bernoulli institute for mathematics and computer science , distributed systems group , the netherlands ; leyden academy on vitality and ageing ( slaets ) , leiden and university of groningen , university medical center groningen , the netherlands .
recent developments in research and mobile health enable a quantitative idiographic approach in health research . the present study investigates the potential of an electronic diary crowdsourcing study in the netherlands for ( 1 ) large - scale automated self - assessment for individual - based health promotion and ( 2 ) enabling research at both the between - persons and within - persons level . to illustrate the latter , we examined between - persons and within - persons associations between somatic symptoms and quality of life .
a website provided the general dutch population access to a 30 - day ( 3 times a day ) diary study assessing 43 items related to health and well - being , which gave participants personalized feedback . associations between somatic symptoms and quality of life were examined with a linear mixed model .
a total of 629 participants completed 28 , 430 assessments , with a mean ( sd ) of 45 ( 32 ) assessments per participant . most participants ( n = 517 [ 82 % ] ) were women and 531 ( 84 % ) had high education . almost 40 % of the participants ( n = 247 ) completed enough assessments ( t = 68 ) to generate personalized feedback including temporal dynamics between well - being , health behavior , and emotions . substantial between - person variability was found in the within - person association between somatic symptoms and quality of life .
we successfully built an application for automated diary assessments and personalized feedback . the application was used by a sample of mainly highly educated women , which suggests that the potential of our intensive diary assessment method for large - scale health promotion is limited . however , a rich data set was collected that allows for group - level and idiographic analyses that can shed light on etiological processes and may contribute to the development of empirical - based health promotion solutions .
ella mai – boo ' d up ( remix ) ft . nicki minaj & quavo
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preserving subjective wellbeing in the face of psychopathology : buffering effects of personal strengths and resources . - pubmed - ncbi
preserving subjective wellbeing in the face of psychopathology : buffering effects of personal strengths and resources .
bos eh 1 , snippe e 1 , de jonge p 1 , jeronimus bf 1 .
university of groningen , university medical center groningen , interdisciplinary center psychopathology and emotion regulation , groningen , the netherlands .
many studies on resilience have shown that people can succeed in preserving mental health after a traumatic event . less is known about whether and how people can preserve subjective wellbeing in the presence of psychopathology . we examined to what extent psychopathology can co - exist with acceptable levels of subjective wellbeing and which personal strengths and resources moderate the association between psychopathology and wellbeing .
satisfactory levels of wellbeing ( happiness score 6 or higher ) were found in a substantial proportion of the participants with psychological symptoms ( 58 % and 30 % of those with moderate and severe symptom levels , respectively ) . the association between symptoms and wellbeing was large and negative ( - 0 . 67 , p < . 001 ) , but less so in persons with high levels of self - defeating humor and in those with a partner and / or pet . several of the personal strengths and resources had a positive main effect on wellbeing , especially self - enhancing humor , having a partner , and daytime activities .
cultivating personal strengths and resources , like humor , social / animal company , and daily occupations , may help people preserve acceptable levels of wellbeing despite the presence of symptoms of depression , anxiety , and stress .
pmid : 26963923 pmcid : pmc4786317 doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0150867
distribution of happiness ratings in three symptom severity subgroups ( n = 2411 ) .
normal / mild subgroup : mean ( sd ) = 7 . 3 ( 1 . 2 ) , range 1–10 ; moderate subgroup : mean ( sd ) = 5 . 7 ( 1 . 8 ) , range 0–9 ; severe subgroup : mean ( sd ) = 4 . 2 ( 2 . 2 ) , range 0–9 .
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conceived and designed the experiments : ehb es pdj bfj . analyzed the data : ehb . wrote the paper : ehb es pdj bfj .
, which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
) . the funder had no role in study design , data collection and analysis , decision to publish , or preparation of the manuscript .
in 1946 , the world health organization defined health as “a state of complete physical , social , and emotional wellbeing , and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” [ 1 ] . it is by now conventional wisdom that the absence of somatic or psychological symptoms is not a sufficient condition for high levels of subjective wellbeing [ 2 ] . similarly , the presence of symptoms does not necessarily imply low wellbeing . for example , people suffering from ill - health or disease may still feel happy and satisfied with their life [ 3 – 5 ] , in keeping with the stoic argument that each person has the capacity to be happy , no matter how daunting and painful the circumstances of life might be . individuals with somatic or mental health complaints are more than the sum of their symptoms , and also have intact faculties , character strengths , and positive experiences [ 6 , 7 ] . these may counteract or buffer against the negative impact of symptoms . thus , while the absence of symptoms is not a guarantee for wellbeing , the presence of symptoms does not preclude it .
this latter observation fits in with the large body of literature on resilience after trauma . traumatic experiences are known to increase the risk of psychopathology , but surprisingly many people do not develop mental health problems after trauma ( 50–90 % ) [ 8 , 9 ] . several factors underlying resilience have been proposed , of which autonomy , a sense of mastery or internal locus of control , self - esteem , humor , purpose ( including religion and spirituality ) , and social support are among the most frequently reported [ 10 – 12 ] .
most research on resilience has focused on preserving mental health after a traumatic event . less research has been devoted to preserving a sense of subjective wellbeing in the presence of psychopathology [ 2 ] . people may deal differently with symptoms because they differ in their personal strengths and resources , and therefore may retain different levels of subjective wellbeing despite of these symptoms . although in some areas of psychotherapy there has been a shift from an exclusive focus on symptoms to the cultivation of strengths and positive outcomes [ 6 , 13 , 14 ] , it remains unclear to what extent people with psychological symptoms can preserve a sense of wellbeing and which factors contribute to such “wellness within illness” [ 5 ] .
the present study is based upon the 12 , 503 individuals who participated in the cross - sectional study between december 19 th 2013 ( launching date of the internet platform ) and december 13th 2014 ( end of first - year wave ) . inclusion criteria were adulthood ( 18 + ) and informed consent on use of the data for scientific research . no formal written or oral consent was obtained because the data were analyzed anonymously . the medical ethical committee of the university medical center groningen approved the study procedures and declared the study was excepted from review by the medical research involving human subjects act ( in dutch : wmo ) because it was a non - randomized open study targeting anonymous volunteers in the general population ( number m13 . 147422 ) . for the present study we selected those participants who filled out all the questionnaires relevant to this study and who filled out the questionnaires on psychopathology and wellbeing within one and the same week . this resulted in a final sample of 2411 participants .
humor was assessed with the humor style questionnaire ( hsq ) , which distinguishes affiliative , self - enhancing , aggressive , and self - defeating humor [ 35 ] the hsq contains 32 items ( 8 for each subscale ) which are rated on a likert scale ranging from 1 = “totally disagree” to 7 = “totally agree” . the subscales refer to potentially beneficial and detrimental ways in which people tend to make use of humor in everyday life . affiliative humor refers to the use of humor to amuse others and facilitate relationships ( cronbach’s alpha = . 89 ) . self - enhancing humor refers to use of humor to cope with stress and maintain a humorous outlook during times of difficulty ( α = . 87 ) . aggressive humor refers to usage of sarcastic , manipulative , put - down , or disparaging humor ( α = . 70 ) . self - defeating humor refers to excessive self - disparagement , ingratiation , or defensive denial ( α = . 82 ) . we examined the differential effects of these different humor styles , because some of these may act as resilience factors , while others may be detrimental .
empathy was assessed with the 40 - item empathy quotient ( eq ) questionnaire , which captures both shared emotions and cognitive empathy or theory of mind [ 36 ] . the eq is intended to measure how easily participants pick up on other people’s feelings and how strongly they are affected by them ( e . g . , “i can easily tell if someone else wants to enter a conversation” ) . each item is rated on a 4 - point likert scale ranging from 0 = “strongly agree” to 3 = “strongly disagree” . the eq scale had a cronbach’s alpha of 0 . 89 .
of the 2411 participants included in the study , 1557 were female ( 65 % ) . mean age was 49 . 5 years ( sd = 13 . 7 , range 18–81 ) . the majority of the participants was highly educated ( 81 % high , 15 % middle , 4 % low ) . 73 % of the participants had a partner , 46 % had a pet , 25 % belonged to a religious denomination , and 93 % reported to have daytime activities . average symptom levels were low , but the scores spanned the entire range of dass subscales ; dass depression scores ranged from 0 to 42 ( mean = 6 . 0 , sd = 7 . 3 ) ; dass anxiety scores ranged from 0 to 40 ( mean = 3 . 1 , sd = 4 . 3 ) ; dass stress scores ranged from 0 to 42 ( mean = 7 . 7 , sd = 6 . 6 ) ; and the dass total scores ranged from 0 to 120 ( mean = 16 . 7 , sd = 16 . 0 ) . according to the dass manual [ 24 ] , the following cut - offs can be used for the depression subscale ( normal / mild < 14 , moderate 14–20 , severe / extremely severe≥21 ) , the anxiety subscale ( normal / mild < 10 , moderate 10–14 , severe / extremely severe≥15 ) , and the stress subscale ( normal / mild < 19 , moderate 19–25 , severe / extremely severe≥26 ) . in our sample , 2066 participants ( 85 % ) had normal / mild symptom levels , whereas 207 participants ( 9 % ) had moderate symptom levels and 138 participants ( 6 % ) had severe or extremely severe symptom levels on one or more of the subscales . note that we use these cut - offs purely for illustrative purposes , as dass scores are meant to reflect a continuous underlying dimension [ 39 ] .
to compare happiness scores for participants with different symptom levels , we compared participants with normal / mild , moderate , and severe / extremely severe symptom levels on one or more of the subscales of the dass . the results are presented in fig 1 . the happiness index is presented in the figure because we think that a happiness score is more easy to interpret than our composite wellbeing score . nevertheless , life satisfaction scores and the composite wellbeing scores showed similar distributions .
the figure shows that most participants with low symptom scores report high happiness scores : 93 % ( n = 1927 ) of these participants rate their happiness as satisfactory ( 6 or higher ) . in the moderate symptoms subgroup , 58 % ( n = 119 ) of the participants rate their happiness at 6 or higher . in the subgroup with severe symptom levels , 30 % ( n = 42 ) of the participants rate their happiness at 6 or higher . the range in happiness scores was equal in all three subgroups ( viz . 9 units ) . the standard deviation was substantially higher in the moderate and severe symptoms subgroups compared to the normal / mild subgroup ( sd = 1 . 2 vs . 1 . 8 vs . 2 . 2 ; levene statistic : 94 . 3 ( df = 2408 ) , p < . 001 ) .
without the resource variables in the model , the association between symptoms and wellbeing was large and negative ( beta = - 0 . 69 , 95 % bootstrapped ci - 0 . 73 to - 0 . 65 , p < . 001 ; results not shown in table ) . table 1 shows the results of the univariable regression analyses on the moderating effects of personal resources in the association between psychological symptoms and wellbeing . three personal resources moderated the negative association between symptoms and wellbeing , viz . self - defeating humor , partner status , and having a pet . as expected , these moderating effects were positive , implying that the negative effect of symptoms on wellbeing was attenuated in persons with higher levels of self - defeating humor , with a partner , and / or with a pet . thus , these resources seem to buffer against the negative effects of symptoms on wellbeing . the size of the moderating effects was small .
univariable regression analyses predicting wellbeing from symptoms , personal resources , and the interaction between symptoms and resources ( n = 2411 ) .
note . dependent variable : wellbeing . all continuous variables are z - transformed , thus estimated coefficients equal standardized b values ( beta ) . categorical variables 0 = no , 1 = yes . adjusted for sex , age , and education . in bold : significant effects . ci = confidence interval .
the main effects of the personal resources on subjective wellbeing were significant for affiliative humor , self - enhancing humor , partner status , empathy , and daytime activities , such that higher scores on these resources were related to higher levels of wellbeing . the main effect of self - defeating humor was significant but had a negative sign , which implies that for people with average symptom levels , more self - defeating humor was related to lower levels of wellbeing ( the main effects of the continuous variables apply to persons with average symptom levels in these analyses , since continuous variables were standardized ) . the size of the main effects ranged from small to large .
table 2 shows the results of the multivariable regression analyses predicting wellbeing from symptoms , resources , and the interaction between symptoms and resources . this model supported the moderating effect of self - defeating humor and partner status in the association between symptoms and wellbeing . the moderating effect of having a pet became nonsignificant in this multivariable model , and was therefore removed from the model . the significant main effects of self - enhancing humor , self - defeating humor , partner status , empathy , and daytime activities persisted . consistent with the univariate analyses , these main effects were positive except for self - defeating humor . the largest effect sizes were observed for partner status ( beta = 0 . 33 ) and daytime activities ( beta = 0 . 24 ) .
multivariable regression analysis predicting wellbeing from symptoms , personal resources , and the interaction between symptoms and resources ( n = 2411 ) .
note . multivariable regression analyses ; dependent variable : wellbeing . all continuous variables are z - transformed , such that estimated coefficients are standardized b values ( beta ) . having a partner 0 = no , 1 = yes . adjusted for sex , age , and education . non - significant effects have been removed from this model one by one . ci = confidence interval .
the current study provides evidence for the idea that acceptable levels of wellbeing can co - exist with significant psychopathology . although higher levels of anxiety , depression , and stress predicted lower levels of wellbeing , a considerable proportion of the participants with moderate to severe symptom levels rated their happiness as satisfactory ( 58 % and 30 % of those with moderate and severe symptom levels , respectively ) . one reason for this finding may be that these participants can buffer against—or compensate for—the negative effect of symptoms by means of their personal strengths and resources . this argument is supported by our finding that the negative effect of symptoms on wellbeing is attenuated in individuals with higher levels of self - defeating humor , with a partner , and / or with a pet . hence , these resources seem to have a protective effect on the detrimental effect of symptoms on wellbeing . moreover , several personal resources showed a positive main effect on wellbeing , especially self - enhancing humor , having a partner , daytime activities , and empathy . this implies that these resources are advantageous regardless of the level of symptoms .
the observation that the presence of psychological symptoms does not rule out satisfactory levels of subjective wellbeing is consonant with studies by bergsma et al . [ 40 ] and palmer et al . [ 5 ] , in which a substantial number of people with mental disorders showed moderate to high levels of happiness . thus , some people can retain acceptable levels of subjective wellbeing despite of their symptoms . such differences in resilience against symptomatology are not well accounted for in our psychiatric phenotypes , which are defined exclusively in terms of symptoms [ 41 ] . this may be one reason why research into the etiology of psychiatric disorders—based on these phenotypes—is often inconsistent , and why observed effect sizes are generally small [ 42 , 43 ] .
the factor with the highest effect size in the multivariable analysis was having a partner , which was positively associated with wellbeing ( main effect ) , especially in the presence of symptoms ( interaction effect ) . this is consonant with the literature on resilience after trauma showing the stress - buffering effects of intimate social relationships [ 10 , 12 ] . of course , it is not so easy to translate this finding to a concrete clinical intervention : getting a partner is not easy , especially not for people with mental health problems . interestingly , our results suggest that the company of a pet may be a viable alternative . although pets do not seem to increase wellbeing in people with average symptom levels , they do seem to mitigate the negative impact of symptoms at higher levels of psychopathology , in keeping with previous studies that showed that pets can increase positive affect among individuals suffering from depression [ 44 ] and can serve as important sources of social support [ 45 ] . some general practitioners prescribe a dog for people with ( subsyndromal ) levels of depression and loneliness [ 46 ] , with positive effects . a dog or another pet may not only provide social company , it may also increase opportunities for positive affect [ 47 ] , enhance activity levels , and address mental faculties involved in care and empathy [ 48 ] , which in turn may enhance subjective wellbeing [ 49 , 50 ] .
we showed differential effects of different humor styles in the present study . as far as we know , this is the first study in which different humor styles are investigated with regard to their distress - buffering effects . our analyses showed that self - enhancing humor was the humor style with the largest positive effect on wellbeing . self - defeating humor was negatively related to wellbeing , but the moderating effect of this humor style on the association between symptoms and wellbeing was positive . this suggests that self - defeating humor is unfavorable in individuals with average symptom levels , but favorable in people with high symptom levels . the negative main effect found for self - defeating humor is consistent with findings by martin et al . [ 35 ] , who also found negative associations between this humor style and several measures of mood and wellbeing . these authors have suggested that aggressive and self - defeating humor are deleterious forms of humor . our findings suggest that at higher symptom levels a little bit of self - irony may not be so bad at all . humor may contribute to effective coping , and may be a way to exercise some control [ 51 ] .
we did not find significant main or interaction effects for religious belonging . religion or spirituality has been reported to be a resilience factor in studies on trauma by a number of authors [ 10 , 52 ] . our negative finding may be explained by the fact that we measured whether people belonged to a religious denomination , which is not necessarily the same as having strong religious or spiritual beliefs and practices .
daytime activities were positively associated with wellbeing in our study , in line with some previous observations [ 47 , 53 ] . this result supports the intuition that having a daily occupation is beneficial ; it may provide meaning , distraction , day structure , social relations , and self - esteem [ 47 , 53 ] . yet , we did not find a moderating effect of daytime activities . this may imply that daytime activities are beneficial regardless of the level of symptoms , but it may also reflect a lack of power ; only 7 % of our sample did not have daytime activities . it should also be noted that we cannot rule out reverse causality , viz . people may not be able to work because they have low levels of subjective wellbeing and high levels of symptoms . this is a limitation of our design .
the effects that were significant in this study were small to large in size compared to those generally observed in the psychological literature [ 38 ] . their combined effect may especially be large , because the observed effects were additive : our multivariable analysis showed that the main effects of self - enhancing and self - defeating humor , having a partner , empathy , and daytime activities were independent of one another . the same was true for the moderating effects of having a partner and self - defeating humor . moreover , some effects may accumulate over time via feedback loops with other traits and environmental factors [ 54 ] . targeting multiple domains of personal strengths and resources may therefore be a fruitful strategy ; the total effect of these strengths and resources largely outweighs the negative effect of symptoms .
our study has implications for psychiatric research as well as clinical diagnostics and interventions . the results suggest that subtyping in psychiatric research should not be confined to identifying people with different symptomatology [ 55 , 56 ] , but should also consider differences between people in wellbeing and personal strengths and resources . the results also substantiate calls for a more positive focus in clinical diagnosis and intervention [ 6 , 21 , 57 ] . for example , the world psychiatric association charged a workgroup for the development of a more comprehensive model of classification and diagnosis [ 58 ] , including positive aspects of health and personal and social resources [ 57 ] . furthermore , treatment and prevention strategies for psychiatric disorders may benefit from a shift from an exclusive focus on symptom reduction to strategies aimed at fostering strengths and resources . a number of studies have already shown some evidence for the effectiveness of interventions aimed at cultivating positive mental faculties and social resources [ 59 – 62 ] . interestingly , these interventions do not need to be very encompassing . relatively simple strategies , like “spend more time socializing” , “count your blessings” , and “perform one kind act a day” have shown to enhance feelings of wellbeing [ 25 , 47 , 50 , 63 ] . such interventions are relatively easy to implement in daily life , and have no costs and no side effects .
to conclude , this study shows that it is possible to maintain acceptable levels of wellbeing in the presence of psychopathology , and provides evidence that this may be explained by the compensatory and buffering effects of personal strengths and resources . differences between individuals in such resources may be another source of heterogeneity in psychiatric research and practice . cultivating these positive factors in therapy may help to supplement the traditional “fix - what’s - wrong” approach by a “build - what’s - strong” approach [ 6 ] .
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snippe e , jeronimus bf aan het rot m , bos eh , de jonge p , wichers m . prosocial people smile : the daily dynamics of an upward spiral . submitted .
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the ilab research meeting about the use of diaries in clinical practice will take place the 29th of september ( 15 . 00 - 17 . 00 , ucp room 3 . 18 ) . a ucp pilot study , personalizing a diary , and providing feedback to patients will be discussed by seven speakers ( michelle servaas , renske kroeze , date van der veen , anne van gils , tineke oldehinkel , elskebos and rob wanders ) . the first ilab meeting in 2015 will be on the 30th of march . ideas for topics to discuss during this meeting are welcome .
ilab introduction meeting every first tuesday of the month karin janssens will introduce the ilab and the ilab google drive environment to new employees and students . the first meeting was attended by 6 persons , who found the introduction helpful . the meeting is also open for current employees or students who want to know more about the ilab or encounter problems while using google docs . the upcoming introduction meetings are ( 1 p . m to 1 . 30 p . m . ) : 7 october 2014 room k1 . 25 2 december 2014 room k1 . 25 6 january 2015 room k1 . 25 3 february 2015 room k1 . 25 3 march 2015 room k1 . 25
equipment there is still ilab equipment available for clinical research , such as iphones , ipads and actometers . please remember that you have to reserve this equipment in advance by filling out the reservation sheet on the google drive platform and contacting jantina douglas .
freezer control hannekegeugies and maria schenk are now , together with tom bak , responsible for the - 80◦c freezers in the basement of the ucp . that means that they will take action when the alarm of the freezer goes off in order to save frozen material if needed . we are very happy that they are willing to do so and would like to thank them for their efforts !
work group automatic feedback a new ilab workgroup will start in october 2014 to bring together all researchers who want to provide study participants automatic feedback based on the electronic diaries these participants filled out . during the work group we will discuss problems and search for solutions regarding the provision of automatic feedback . if you want to participate , and did not do so already , you can sign in for the group by sending an e - mail to karin janssens .
new employee ( michelle servaas ) my name is michelle servaas and i have a research position at the ilab , ucp ( umcg ) . in my phd thesis , i investigated the underlying neural mechanisms of the personality trait neuroticism to gain insight into why individuals scoring high on this trait are more vulnerable to develop psychopathology . furthermore , i am an intern at the ucp learning about diagnostics and treatment of chronic depressive patients . part of this internship was performing an ema pilot study ( ema pilot ucp ) to investigate whether individual patient feedback could be generated using an idiographic approach , namely ecological momentary assessment ( ema ) . the goal of this approach is to monitor fluctuations in , among others , mood , physical activity , social context and daily hassles via a short questionnaire that has to be filled out multiple times a day for a longer period of time by the patient . subsequently , network analyses were performed on these ema data to gain insight into the relationships between the various variables and their causal effect on each other ( lag - based analysis ) . feedback of the analyses were given to the patients and evaluated by both the patients and their therapist . in the current research position , i will develop research methods to investigate the connection between ema data and resting - state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in healthy controls and remitted depressive patients , using network analyses .
google drive update new information on google drive mainly concerns information about physical activity and sleep and how to measure this subjectively and objectively in diary studies . moreover , information about questionnaires used in the alzheimer study , hoegekisnl and the ema pilot ucp has become available .
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citation : bos eh , snippe e , de jonge p , jeronimus bf ( 2016 ) preserving subjective wellbeing in the face of psychopathology : buffering effects of personal strengths and resources . plos one 11 ( 3 ) : e0150867 . urltoken
copyright : © 2016 bos et al . this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
data availability : data are available from the data repository of the university of groningen ( urltoken ) .
funding : the work was funded by vici grant # 91812607 received by pdj from the netherlands organization for health research development ( zonmw ; urltoken ) . the funder had no role in study design , data collection and analysis , decision to publish , or preparation of the manuscript .
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j ormel , bf jeronimus , r kotov , h riese , eh bos , b hankin , . . .
mutual reinforcement between neuroticism and life experiences : a five - wave , 16 - year study to test reciprocal causation .
lvd krieke , bf jeronimus , fj blaauw , rbk wanders , ac emerencia , . . .
h riese , h snieder , bf jeronimus , t korhonen , rj rose , j kaprio , . . .