opencola was a toronto-based software company founded in 1999 by grad conn , cory doctorow and john henson to create " collaboration object lookup architecture " software , and sold in 2003 .

the earliest archived page of the company website described " opencola " as an application , a protocol , suite of tools , and the company itself .

the opencola desktop client/server ( or " clerver " in opencola 's parlance ) application enabled users to collaboratively search , acquire , manage and share information from multiple data sources , including the internet , peers on the opencola network , and existing proprietary databases , from a single interface .

opencola extended search engine capabilities with the ability to perform contextual searching – a process that searches the entire contextual subject matter of a document for relevance and tries to replenish previous searches with more relevant results .

searches would propagate throughout the network as needed to locate the specified content .

the company funded further development of and released justin chapweske 's swarmcast , then released it as gpl software may 18 , 2001 .

the software used peer-to-peer swarming techniques similar to bittorrent to accelerate distribution of large high-volume ( frequently accessed ) content , as a way to reduce load on source servers , with emphasis on content streaming .

the company 's folders project used swarmcast technology to accelerate content distribution within organizations .

in summer 2003 , the company was sold to open text corporation of waterloo , ontario .

opencola ( company )

a software company that happens to produce a soda , opencola uses peer - to - peer searching to find information on the web . its soft drink , opencola , helps to promote the company .
on may 31 , 2000 steelbridge inc . announced development of opencola a collaborative distributive open source search engine . it runs on the user ' s computer and crawls the web pages and links the user puts in their opencola folder and shares resulting index over its p2p network . steelbridge was renamed opencola , and the opencola company was sold to the open text company in 2003 , after releasing swarmcast under the gnu gpl .
please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . opencola was a toronto - based software company founded in 1999 by grad conn , cory doctorow and john henson to create
collaboration object lookup architecture
software , and sold in 2003 . the software and specifications produced were all released as open source . the earliest archived page of the company website described
opencola
as an application , a protocol , suite of tools , and the company itself . the opencola desktop client / server application enabled users to collaboratively search , acquire , manage and share information from multiple data sources , including the internet , peers on the opencola network , and existing proprietary databases , from a single interface . show more
the third component , the linkripper , pulls the links from the documents in your opencola folder . opencola crawls the new links and a fourth component , the relevance engine , scores the new pages against your criteria . as you approve or reject pages , opencola updates your criteria , honing your search .
take opencola . although originally intended as a promotional tool to explain open source software , the drink has taken on a life of its own . the toronto - based opencola company has become better known for the drink than the software it was supposed to promote . laird brown , the company ' s senior strategist , attributes its success to a widespread mistrust of big corporations and the
proprietary nature of almost everything .
a website selling the stuff has shifted 150 , 000 cans . politically minded students in the us have started mixing up the recipe for parties .
the software continues to crawl the web but also looks at other users’ opencola folders that are similar to your own . opencola sends you their links but - unlike peer - to - peer sharing software like napster - not their files . opencola points to napster’s legal woes as proof that distributed searching beats file sharing , at least in the eyes of the courts .
specifically , opencola folders is a peer - to - peer network search utility , based on the idea of collaborative computing .
opencola acts as both client and server on your system . as in other distributed computing systems ( see virtual supercomputers sign up for business ) , the users of opencola each give a bit of their computing power to the good of the whole .
although originally intended as a promotional tool to explain free software / open source software , the drink took on a life of its own and 150 , 000 cans were sold . the toronto - based company opencola founded by grad conn , cory doctorow and john henson became better known for the drink than the software it was supposed to promote . laird brown , the company ' s senior strategist , attributes its success to a widespread mistrust of big corporations and the
proprietary nature of almost everything .
the “cola” in opencola stands for collaborative object lookup architecture . collaborative , because the software peeks into other people’s opencola folders and makes choices for you based on what others have found useful . if you don’t like what the software finds , you throw it out - and repeat .
and yes , the company already publishes a free cola recipe you can download and mess with . with the right ingredients - some oils , a little citric acid , some caffeine and caramel - just about anybody can make the stuff in a tub at home . ( remember , though , “caffeine can kill people in relatively small doses , ” warns opencola . )
doctorow serves on a number of boards of directors and advisory boards , including those of the participatory culture foundation , the open rights group , the metabrainz foundation , technorati , inc , onion networks , and others ; as well as the confernece committee for the o’reilly emerging technology conference . he co - founded the open source p2p technology company opencola , which was sold to opentext in 2003 .
opencola relies on four distinct components . the first - and most visible to the user - is the opencola folder . you put links - both to the web and from your own computer - into the folder . a second component , the relevance queue , scans the linked pages and builds a set of search criteria .
steve jobs wooed pepsi ceo john sculley over to apple with the question , “do you want to change the world , or sell sugar water ? ” an enthusiastic startup called opencola hopes to do both .
as you surf the web , you drag things you find ( and like ) into a folder . from your choices , opencola learns your interests and crawls the web for related pages , music or games .
contained hereunder is a how - to for brewing up kitchen - sink opencola . amazingly enough , every soft - drink vendor we spoke to acted like the preparation of cola was some kind of deep , dark trade - seekrut . with much reverse - engineering and creative shopping , the research kitchens at opencola have coopered together the following makefile for brewing up the black waters of corporate imperialism in the privacy of your own home .
opencola is the world ' s first
open source
consumer product . by calling it open source , its manufacturer is saying that instructions for making it are freely available . anybody can make the drink , and anyone can modify and improve on the recipe as long as they , too , release their recipe into the public domain . as a way of doing business it ' s rather unusual - - the coca - cola company doesn ' t make a habit of giving away precious commercial secrets . but that ' s the point .
some time in 2006 borislav agapiev started thinking about a distributed search engine . then on october 20 , 2009 he publicly launched wowd . in 2011 , having failed to get traction , wowd was split up and acquired by three different companies including facebook , a start - up called jildy , and an anonymous third company which bought the wowd software patents .
the result should be “good stuff that is utterly surprising , ” says cory doctorow , the company’s co - founder and chief evangelist . “it’s like you meet someone at a party , and you hit it off really well . they recommend things to you that you’ve never heard of . and those things become the most important things in the world to you . ”
opencola soda is distributed under the terms of the general public license ( gpl ) , a copy of which is appended to the bottom of this document . please check out richard stallman ' s free software foundation . he wrote the gpl and has plenty of interesting documentation on the site .
an important note : this is * not * the recipe for
opencola
- - that is , the canned beverage from opencola that you may have received at a trade show , or other venue or outlet . making canned cola requires millions of dollars in abstruse gear and manufacturing gizmos . it ' s easier to make nerve gas than manufacture cola . this is a kitchen - sink recipe that you can make all on your own . it is * our * kitchen - sink recipe . we figured it out somewhere between coding the cola sdk and debugging the linux build of the clerver .
if you ' ve been to a computer show in recent months you might have seen it : a shiny silver drink can with a ring - pull logo and the words
opencola
on the side . inside is a fizzy drink that tastes very much like coca - cola . or is it pepsi ?
opencola is unique in that the instructions for making it are freely available and modifiable . anybody can make the drink , and anyone can modify and improve on the recipe as long as they , too , license their recipe under the gnu general public license . the legal grounds for this are dubious however , as recipes are exempted from copyright as they are techniques , not artworks .
with any food - prep , failure to observe basic hygienic principles , follow directions , and exercise common sense can have grave consequences . opencola assumes no liability for any problems that arise out of the use of this document . proceed at your own risk . no one ' s putting a gun to your head , so don ' t bother if you can ' t boil water .
international : opencola makes no representation that the recipe , or any soft drink based on the recipe or any derivatives thereof , may be appropriate for use in locations outside of the united states or canada , and accessing them from any location where their use is illegal is prohibited . if you choose to access this recipe from any location outside of the united states or canada , you do so at your own risk , and are responsible for compliance with all local laws .
indemnity : you shall indemnify , defend , and hold harmless opencola , its affiliates , directors , officers , and employees from and against any third - party claim , demand , cause of action , debt , liability , cost or expense ( including , but not limited to , reasonable attorneys ' fees ) arising out of your use of the recipe , or any derivative thereof , including , but not limited to , any claims arising from your distribution of soft drink based on the recipe or any derivatives thereof .
there ' s something else written on the can , though , which sets the drink apart . it says
check out the source at opencola . com .
go to that web address [ 1 ] greg . rundlett ( talk ) 08 : 34 , 6 june 2015 ( edt ) and you ' ll see something that ' s not available on coca - cola ' s website , or pepsi ' s - - the recipe for cola . for the first time ever , you can make the real thing in your own home .
one reason for doing so is that by releasing it under a copyleft , we can print the recipe for opencola without violating its copyleft . if nothing else , that demonstrates the power of the copyleft to spread itself . but there ' s another reason , too : to see what happens . to my knowledge this is the first magazine article published under a copyleft . who knows what the outcome will be ? perhaps the article will disappear without a trace . perhaps it will be photocopied , redistributed , re - edited , rewritten , cut and pasted onto websites , handbills and articles all over the world . i don ' t know - - but that ' s the point . it ' s not up to me any more . the decision belongs to all of us .
opencola is a happy accident and poses no real threat to coke or pepsi , but elsewhere people are deliberately using the open source model to challenge entrenched interests . one popular target is the music industry . at the forefront of the attack is the electronic frontier foundation , a san francisco group set up to defend civil liberties in the digital society . in april of last year , the eff published a model copyleft called the open audio license ( oal ) . the idea is to let musicians take advantage of digital music ' s properties - - ease of copying and distribution - - rather than fighting against them . musicians who release music under an oal consent to their work being freely copied , performed , reworked and reissued , as long as these new products are released under the same licence . they can then rely on
viral distribution
to get heard .
if the people like the music , they will support the artist to ensure the artist can continue to make music ,
says robin gross of the eff .
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search engine optimization one of the most important things when building a successful website has become search engine optimization . within the past decade , typically , in order to get visitors to a site , it was important to spend a large volume of revenue of commercial advertising in order for the website to be known .
designing and development are two different terms . one is incomplete without other . to be precise , designing is a part of development , in case of websites . a captivating website design , if not backed with powerful development techniques will lead to website failure and vice versa . frameworks are best software products for designing and development of a [ … ]
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for a professional web designer and developer , this question is not more than a joke… ! but , what about a beginner ? what about a person , without programming knowledge and experience ? without any doubt , this question is very important for a beginner ! front - end development frameworks are used to design physical structure and outlook of a website . these [ … ]
frameworks are an important part of modern website development approach . but , hold on… ! what is a framework ? a framework is a compilation of programming rules , and algorithms which provide a standard environment for coding . a framework provides an easy , and manageable solution for specific coding issues . it provides compiled libraries , and standardized code in the [ … ]
frameworks have become an important part of web developer’s life . frameworks help in multiple ways and provide a lot of convenience to the developers . frameworks provide the developers , a better platform to try new and exquisite techniques . frameworks are tooled with plug - ins , which provide basic coding definitions for creating css libraries , text style management , text [ … ]
many people outside of the industry do not have the slightest idea of when and why you should use frameworks for their site development . i want to give as much information as i can in this post regarding when you should apply them and what some advantages and disadvantages are to using frameworks . normally , the [ … ]
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the new generation of technology uncovered great possibilities for web developers . no more do you have to type lines of html markup from scratch in a notepad file . now web developers have the opportunity to use the pre - coded frameworks in order to start developing a site from scratch . since it is difficult to find the [ … ]
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i used to turn on my desktop , open a notepad file and type in pages of htm markup , css and javascript instructions to be able to design absolutely gorgeous and sophisticated web pages . more . . . . .
past visiting scholar , canada - u . s . fulbright visiting research chair in public diplomacy , 2006 - 2007
cory doctorow is the co - editor of boing boing , a very popular weblog about technology , culture , and politics . he has written three science - fiction novels , all published by tor books ( down and out in the magic kingdom , 2003 , eastern standard tribe , 2004 , someone comes to town , someone leaves town , 2005 ) , and a short story collection published by avalon ( a place so foreign and eight more , 2003 ) . he has also written for various publications including wired , popular science and salon .
doctorow was a visiting professor to usc ' s center on public diplomacy and canadian fulbright chair in public diplomacy for 2006 - 2007 , and is an activist , a writer , a blogger , a public speaker , and a technology person .
from 2002 - 2006 , doctorow was the director of european affairs for the electronic frontier foundation ( eff ) , a technology advocacy nonprofit that works to upload liberty in technology law , policy and standards , where he remains a fellow . he has also worked at the united nations , at standards bodies , at governments , and with universities and non - profits to agitate for a balanced approach to copyright that didn’t trammel the public’s fundamental rights to privacy , free speech , and due process .
born in toronto , canada , on july 17 , 1971 to trotskyist schoolteachers , doctorow was exposed to both science - fiction and computers at an early age and has spent most of his life behind a keyboard .
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flavoring : mix oils together in a cup . add food - grade gum arabic , mix with a spoon . add water and mix well . a mixer may be used for this step , mixing for 4 - 5 minutes . you can also transfer to a blender for this step . the mix can be kept in a sealed glass jar in a refrigerator or at room temperature . please note that this mixture will separate . the gum arabic is essential to this part of the recipe , as you are mixing oil and water . syrup : in a one gallon container , take 5 mls of the flavoring formula , add the 75 % phosphoric or citric acid . add the water , then the sugar . while mixing , add the caffeine , if desired . make sure the caffeine is completely dissolved . then add the caramel color . mix thoroughly . cola : to finish drink , take one part syrup and add 5 parts carbonated water .
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finding interesting documents is a job handled by the client - servers ( or “clervers” ) , which then break the work into smaller bits , essentially acting together as a distributed supercomputer .
while the analogy isn’t perfect , the open - source cola gives doctorow a hook for explaining his open - source software . “we published the formula , and you can download it and make derivative colas . the only requirement is that you tell people what you’ve done to it . ”
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it ' s also not clear why any mainstream artists would ever choose to release music under an oal . many bands objected to the way napster members circulated their music behind their backs , so why would they now allow unrestricted distribution , or consent to strangers fiddling round with their music ? sure enough , you ' re unlikely to have heard of any of the 20 bands that have posted music on the registry . it ' s hard to avoid the conclusion that open audio amounts to little more than an opportunity for obscure artists to put themselves in the shop window .
the problems with open music , however , haven ' t put people off trying open source methods elsewhere . encyclopedias , for example , look like fertile ground . like software , they ' re collaborative and modular , need regular upgrading , and improve with peer review . but the first attempt , a free online reference called nupedia , hasn ' t exactly taken off . two years on , only 25 of its target 60 , 000 articles have been completed .
at the current rate it will never be a large encyclopedia ,
says editor - in - chief larry sanger . the main problem is that the experts sanger wants to recruit to write articles have little incentive to participate . they don ' t score academic brownie points in the same way software engineers do for upgrading linux , and nupedia can ' t pay them .
it ' s a problem that ' s inherent to most open source products : how do you get people to chip in ? sanger says he ' s exploring ways to make money out of nupedia while preserving the freedom of its content . banner adverts are a possibility . but his best hope is that academics start citing nupedia articles so authors can earn academic credit .
another experiment that ' s proved its worth is the openlaw ? project at the berkman center for internet and society at harvard law school . berkman lawyers specialise in cyberlaw - - hacking , copyright , encryption and so on - - and the centre has strong ties with the eff and the open source software community . in 1998 faculty member lawrence lessig , now at stanford law school , was asked by online publisher eldritch press to mount a legal challenge to us copyright law . eldritch takes books whose copyright has expired and publishes them on the web , but new legislation to extend copyright from 50 to 70 years after the author ' s death was cutting off its supply of new material . lessig invited law students at harvard and elsewhere to help craft legal arguments challenging the new law on an online forum , which evolved into openlaw .
normal law firms write arguments the way commercial software companies write code . lawyers discuss a case behind closed doors , and although their final product is released in court , the discussions or
source code
that produced it remain secret . in contrast , openlaw crafts its arguments in public and releases them under a copyleft .
we deliberately used free software as a model ,
says wendy selzer , who took over openlaw when lessig moved to stanford . around 50 legal scholars now work on eldritch ' s case , and openlaw has taken other cases , too .
the open content movement is still at an early stage and it ' s hard to predict how far it will spread .
i ' m not sure there are other areas where open source would work ,
says sanger .
if there were , we might have started it ourselves .
eric raymond has also expressed doubts . in his much - quoted 1997 essay , the cathedral and the bazaar , he warned against applying open source methods to other products .
music and most books are not like software , because they don ' t generally need to be debugged or maintained ,
he wrote . without that need , the products gain little from others ' scrutiny and reworking , so there ' s little benefit in open sourcing .
i do not want to weaken the winning argument for open sourcing software by tying it to a potential loser ,
he wrote .
but raymond ' s views have now shifted subtly .
i ' m more willing to admit that i might talk about areas other than software someday ,
he told new scientist .
but not now .
the right time will be once open source software has won the battle of ideas , he says . he expects that to happen around 2005 .
and so the experiment goes on . as a contribution to it , new scientist and alternet have agreed to issue this article under a copyleft . that means you can copy it , redistribute it , reprint it in whole or in part , and generally play around with it as long as you , too , release your version under a copyleft and abide by the other terms and conditions in the licence . we also ask that you inform us of any use you make of the article , by e - mailing copyleft @ newscientist . com .
the information in this article is free . it may be copied , distributed and / or modified under the conditions set down in the design science license published by michael stutz at urltoken .
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a distributed search engine is a search engine where there is no central server . unlike traditional centralized search engines , work such as crawling , data mining , indexing , and query processing is distributed among several peers in decentralized manner where there is no single point of control .
( urltoken )
emre sokullu sketched out the basic concepts and advantages of an open p2p search platform in ' how to build an open source google ' , a 2007 article on readwriteweb called . urltoken offers a useful introduction to the concept of applying peer - to - peer to search , and a few references to projects current at the time , but the page states that it ' s not been updated since 2012 .
kord campbell , igor stojanovski , and ledio ago started grub as an open source project in january 2000 . looksmart acquired grub in 2003 , and in july 2007 , sold it to the short - lived wikia search project .
in april 2000 three programmers built a prototype p2p web search engine based on gnutella called infrasearch . it was meant to run inside the participating websites ' databases creating a p2p network that could be accessed through the infrasearch website . infrasearch was acquired by sun microsystems in 2001 to become part of the search system for the open source urltoken jxta ] project . sun , and most its various subsidiaries and open source projects , was acquired by oracle in 2009 . sadly , infrasearch founder gene kan passed away on june 29th , 2002 .
in february 2001 wolf garbe published an idea of a peer - to - peer search engine , started the faroo prototype in 2004 , [ 10 ] and released it in 2005 .
on december 15 , 2003 michael christen announced development of a p2p - based search engine , eventually named yacy , on the heise online forums . as of the january , 2016 , the latest stable version was 1 . 8 , released september 16 , 2014 .
in june 2003 , doug cutting , and mike cafarella completed a 100 - million - page test system , and in 2005 , the project was accepted into the apache foundation incubator program . later that year it became a sub - project of the lucene project , and in 2010 , become an independent apache project . hadoop began as a mapreduce system and distributed file system that were implemented in the early years of the nutch project . current development of nutch is not orientated towards p2p search so much as distributed search across supercomputer clusters .
unless it ' s moved off sourceforce , seeks never got out of beta . the latest version on sf ( 0 . 4 . 1 ) was released in 2013 .
in 2007 a group funded by the digital pioneers stimulation fund set up an open search foundation , but it went into hibernation after the 6 months of funding was up , producing only one beta release .
it seems clear from all the defunct projects that litter the pathway towards distributed search , including the companies above and the various defunct or moribund efforts to create user - edited directories ( dmoz , wikia search ) , that p2p search is a difficult technical problem . of those projects that have survived , with the exception of faroo , all are free code projects with open source communities behind them . however , just adopting a free code license is not enough to save a project without a stable stewardship organisation to keep development moving .
the free code dooble browser has integrated yacy into its desktop software , and if a more popular browser such as mozilla firefox took the same approach - a more likely strategy now they ' re no longer receiving funding from google - this may be the only way a p2p search engine can get the critical mass to become useful . it the p2p search project chosen followed the duckduckgo example of integrating metasearch of popular sites wikipedia , youtube , imdb , and so on , this could also help to populate the index with enough information to make it useful , and give it a starting point for ongoing web crawling .
this page was last modified on 29 april 2017 , at 12 : 57 .
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making soft drinks is not for the faint of heart , nor the dirty of finger . it is a solemn enterprise not to be entered into lightly , as with marriage or buying used farm machinery .
improper use of cola might result in blunt trauma , puncture wounds , physical illness , mental illness , caffeine dependency , dental necrosis , acid reflux , death , devastation , and random tax audits . or it might not .
a list of warnings has been provided below . we did not include them for * our * health - - we included them for * yours * . read them . know them . follow them . tattoo them to your backside .
just in case you have * any * doubt : following the directions below may be hazardous to your health and property . you assume any and all risk arising from the manufacture and consumption of cola .
anyway , we ' ve tried to be nice about the disclaimer . if it ' s not good enough for you , here ' s what our lawyers have to say about the whole shootin ' match .
the basis for the whole thing is the 7x , top - seekrut formula . our sources tell us that 7x is the internal coca - cola codename for their syrup . you ' ll note that the 7x formula contains * eight * ingredients : still more evidence of the deviousness of the soda gnomes .
as it turns out , mixing up a batch of cola ' s pretty easy . finding the ingredients is damned hard . most of this file is about finding and handling ingredients so as to produce a tasty bevvy without blowing up your kitchen , melting your flesh off your bones , or poisoning yourself . as with all undertakings of great moment , read and understand the instructions before attempting to commit cola on your own . pay special attention to the
warnings
section .
this recipe is licensed under the gnu general public license . it is
open source
cola , or , if you prefer ,
free
cola . that means you ' re free to use this recipe to make your own cola , or to make derivative colas . if you distribute derivative colas , you ' re expected to send email to the recipe ' s author , amanda foubister (
) with your updates . in the future , we expect to have a cvs server up to handle additions , bug - reports , etc .
3 . 50 ml orange oil 1 . 00 ml lemon oil 1 . 00 ml nutmeg oil 1 . 25 ml cassia oil 0 . 25 ml coriander oil 0 . 25 ml neroli oil 2 . 75 ml lime oil 0 . 25 ml lavender oil 10 . 0 g gum arabic 3 . 00 ml water
2 . 00 tsp . 7x formula 3 . 50 tsp . 75 % phosphoric acid or citric acid 2 . 28 l water 2 . 36 kg plain granulated white table sugar 0 . 50 tsp . caffeine ( optional ) 30 . 0 ml caramel color
mix oils together in a cup . add gum arabic , mix with a spoon . add water and mix well . i used my trusty braun mixer for this step , mixing for 4 - 5 minutes . you can also transfer to a blender for this step . can be kept in a sealed glass jar in the fridge or at room temperature .
please note that this mixture will separate . the gum arabic is essential to this part of the recipe , as you are mixing oil and water .
in a one gallon container ( i used the rubbermaid servin ' saver dry food keeper , 1 . 3 us gal / 4 . 92 l ) , take 5 mls of the 7x formula , add the 75 % phosphoric or citric acid . add the water , then the sugar . while mixing , add the caffeine , if desired . make sure the caffeine is completely dissolved . then add the caramel color . mix thoroughly .
to finish drink , take one part syrup and add 5 parts carbonated water .
measurement : i used a dropper purchased at a shoppers drug mart ( normally used to measure infant portions of medicine , i believe ) .
oils : oils can cause skin irritation . wear latex food - prep or surgical gloves . if oils come in contact with skin , wash with soap and water .
i purchased all oils from health food stores and the herbalist store , thuna ' s ( see notes on gum arabic ) .
everything could have come from the herbalist ' s . try for 100 percent pure , undiluted oils . i used oils from the following companies :
when i purchased the oils , i specifically asked whether they were food grade or not . all persons said that they were , one person said she used them internally all the time .
neroli is a very expensive item , be prepared ( us $ 48 . 52 for 5 . 00 ml ) .
all others were a more reasonable price ( us $ 2 - 9 . 30 ) .
gum arabic : it is very important that you get only * food - grade * gum arabic . there is also an * art - grade * , which is readily available at art supply stores - - * never use art - grade gum arabic ! * art - grade gum arabic is toxic . it will make you ill . you ' ll be sad . we ' ll be sad .
i found food - grade gum arabic at an herbalist store in toronto called thuna ' s ( 416 ) 461 - 8191 . i purchased 112g for us $ 12 . 46 , which will make more than 11 batches of flavoring formula .
water : good old tap water will do , if you trust your tap . i used spring water .
75 % phosphoric acid : due to its acidity , this product is corrosive to the eyes and skin . handle with gloved hands , and use extreme caution . if comes in contact with the eyes or skin , immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes . get medical attention . rinse any spills on clothing or other surfaces thoroughly . store in a secure area . * do not * store more than 50 . 0 ml .
try finding phosphoric acid at a compounding pharmacy in your area . there are pharmacies that still mix their own individual compounds and still stock phosphoric acid .
citric acid : very easy to find . i found mine at a shoppers drug mart ( rougier pharma inc , quebec , canada j7j 1p3 ) . says right on the label ,
for the preparation of acidulous drinks and effervescing draughts , and preservation of jams and jellies .
according to the coke history book , citric acid was used first in the formula , but they now use the phosphoric .
sugar : basic granulated white table sugar found everywhere . buy from a bulk store to save some money .
caffeine : it ' s best not to store caffeine in * any * amount . caffeine can kill people in relatively small doses . the median lethal dose for an adult human is around 10 grams , or approximately one third of an ounce . you can find out more by reading the material safety data sheet ( msds ) for caffeine at urltoken . don ' t yield to the temptation to create a
super - jolt
adding tons and tons of the white stuff to you cola , or you ' ll be in a world of hurt . if stored , store in a secure area away from children . toxic by inhalation and ingestion : if inhaled , remove to fresh air . if ingested , call a physician . possible teratogen and mutagen . if product comes in contact with the eyes , flush with plenty of water . there is some great information on caffeine and it ' s over - consumption at urltoken
caffeine is completely optional . i used part of a caffeine pill ( mvp , urltoken ) , ground up in a pestle with a mortar . according to information on the pill bottle and on the web site , the pills are 100 % caffeine . as an extra safety precaution , i strained all of the syrup through a 4 - ply of cheesecloth , in case any of the caffeine wasn ' t dissolved .
caramel color : i found mine at a bakery supply store ( world of cake decorating , 1766 weston road , toronto , ontario , canada 416 - 247 - 4935 ) . i was originally told to use double strength caramel color , but couldn ' t find it anywhere ( retail or wholesale ) . it really only adds color , so it makes it a bit paler than we are used to coming out of a can or bottle . no other difference that we could discern during our taste - testing .
soda water : i purchased a soda charger and co2 cartridges at nikolaou ' s ( 629 queen street west , toronto , ontario , canada 416 - 504 - 6411 ) to deliver the soda charge needed to make the cola fizzy . at testing , no one was impressed . what worked best was adding canned sodium - free ( very important ! ) soda water to the syrup .
i fill each bottle 2 / 3 full , screw on the top , and leave for one or two weeks . each weekend i measure and add the syrup to a few bottles , top them off with water and stick them in the fridge .
this is a very quick operation . i had experimented with adding dry sugar , but this caused an excessive amount of foaming .
these are all associated with each of their ingredients , but they ' re repeated here just to make sure . we ' re not making this stuff up . cola is a harsh mistress , and she is quick to anger . heed the warnings below or proceed into certain peril .
oils : can cause skin irritation . if oils come in contact with skin , wash with soap and water .
gum arabic : it is very important that you get only * food - grade * gum arabic . there is also an * art - grade * , which is readily available at art supply stores - - * never use art - grade gum arabic ! * art grade gum arabic is toxic . it will make you ill . you ' ll be sad . we ' ll be sad .
75 % phosphoric acid : due to its acidity , this product is corrosive to the eyes and skin . handle with gloved hands , and use extreme caution . if comes in contact with the eyes or skin , immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes . get medical attention . rinse any spills on clothing or other surfaces thoroughly . store in a secure area . * do not * store more than 50 . 0 ml .
the 7x that i experimented with comes from the great coke history book , * for god , country , & coca - cola , * by mark pendergrast , basic books , 1993 , 2000 , isbn 0 - 465 - 05468 - 4 . i know , i know . i list 8 oils , not 7 . it notes in the book that many believe lavender to be part of the 7x formula , so i tried it . we liked it in testing .
special thanks to pharmacist david at the ida ( queen west near jameson , toronto ) for advice on phosphoric acid and chemistry .
thanks to barb holland and rose murray from foodland ontario for advice on various ingredients and general soda making .
copyright ( c ) 1989 , 1991 free software foundation , inc . 59 temple place - suite 330 , boston , ma 02111 - 1307 , usa
everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document , but changing it is not allowed .
the licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it . by contrast , the gnu general public license is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software - - to make sure the software is free for all its users . this general public license applies to most of the free software foundation ' s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it . ( some other free software foundation software is covered by the gnu library general public license instead . ) you can apply it to your programs , too .


internet gold golden lines ( internet gold ) is a principal communication service group in israel .

the company was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in israel .

it is a subsidiary of eurocom communications ltd. , owned by shaul elovitch .

it has subsidiaries such as b communications ( formerly 012 smile communications ) and goldmind ltd. ( formerly smile.media ltd. ) .

the company was formerly known as euronet golden lines ltd. and changed its name to internet gold - golden lines ltd. in 1999 .

internet gold golden lines

igld stock quote - internet gold golden lines ltd . ordinary shares price - nasdaq
internet gold golden lines ltd . ordinary shares ( igld ) quote & summary data
internet gold - golden lines ltd . : igld - us : earnings analysis : …
igld stock price & news - internet gold - golden lines ltd . - wall street journal
dudi ezra , member , board of directors at internet gold golden lines ltd . - relationship science
ami barlev elected to serve as acting chairman of the board of directors of internet gold - golden lines ltd .
igld stock price - internet gold - golden lines ltd . stock quote ( u . s . : nasdaq ) - marketwatch
internet gold - golden lines ltd . : igld - us : earnings analysis : q3 , 2017 by the numbers : december 6 , 2017
internet gold - golden lines ltd . : igld - us : earnings analysis : q2 , 2017 by the numbers : september 14 , 2017
$ igld - internet gold - golden lns - stock ratings , research data and news for investors and traders .
net profit attributable to shareholders of internet gold for the first quarter of 2018 of nis 7 million ramat gan , israel / accesswire / may 24 , 2018 / internet gold - golden lines ltd . (
the company
) . . .
companies with shares trading at a market price below what they are actually worth , such as urltoken and internet gold – golden lines , are deemed undervalued . investors can profit fromread more . . .
012 . smile communications is a 75 . 34 % - owned subsidiary of internet gold – golden lines ltd . , which is controlled by businessman shaul elovitch’s eurocom communications , a privately held investment group .
internet gold - golden lines ltd . operates as a holding company , which engages in telecommunication and internet services . it offers a range of broadband and traditional voice services . the company was founded by shaul elovitch and eli holtzman in april 1992 and is headquartered . . .
internet gold – golden lines ltd ( nasdaq : igld ) is a small - cap stock with a market capitalization of usd $ 151 . 51m . while investors primarily focus on the growth potential and competitive landscape ofread more . . .
research desk line - up : internet gold - golden lines post earnings coverage london , uk / accesswire / september 15 , 2017 / pro - trader daily takes a look at the latest corporate events and news making the . . .
internet gold golden lines ltd . operates as a holding company , which engages in telecommunication and internet services . it offers a range of broadband and traditional voice services . the company was founded by shaul elovitch and eli holtzman in april 1992 and is headquartered in ramat gan , israel .
categories : yahoo financeget free summary analysis internet gold - golden lines ltd . reports financial results for the quarter ended september 30 , 2017 . we analyze the earnings along side the following peers of internet gold - golden lines ltd . – b communications ltd . , cellcom israel ltd . , telkom sa soc ltd . sponsored adr , telecom italia s . p . a . sponsored adr and lm ericsson telefon ab . . . read more ( read more . . . )
categories : yahoo financeget free summary analysis internet gold - golden lines ltd . reports financial results for the quarter ended june 30 , 2017 . we analyze the earnings along side the following peers of internet gold - golden lines ltd . – pharol sgps s . a . sponsored adr , cellcom israel ltd . , telecom italia s . p . a . sponsored adr and lm ericsson telefon ab sponsored adr class b . . . read more ( read more . . . )
internet gold - golden lines ltd . operates as a holding company , which engages in telecommunication and internet services . it offers a range of broadband and traditional voice services . the company was founded by shaul elovitch and eli holtzman in april 1992 and is headquartered in ramat gan , israel .
telco deal in the holy land : 012 smile buys 30 . 6 % bezeq stake ; internet gold soars
continued focus on debt structure improvement ramat gan , israel / accesswire / march 29 , 2018 / internet gold - golden lines ltd . (
the company
) ( nasdaq : igld and tase : igld ) , a holding company . . .
ramat - gan , israel / accesswire / february 7 , 2018 / internet gold - golden lines ltd . ( nasdaq : igld and tase : igld ) ( the
company
) , today announced that the company ' s board of directors has elected . . .
internet gold - golden lines said on sunday it was considering offers to sell part or all of its shares in b communications , through which it controls israel ' s largest telecoms group , bezeq . internet gold said a few potential buyers had expressed interest in its 64 . 78 percent stake in bcom , a company with a single asset - a 26 . 34 percent controlling stake in bezeq . internet gold is
examining the possibility of advancing any of the offers over the next two weeks and the feasibility of implementing a transaction ,
it said in a statement on the tel aviv stock exchange .
dark black gold light abstract technology background for computer graphic website internet and business . circuit illustration infographics . text box . brochure card . banner flyer magazine label
internet gold is controlled by eurocom communications , a leading privately - held investment group headquartered in ramat gan . internet gold’s shares are traded on nasdaq global market ( nasdaq : igld ) and the tel aviv stock exchange ( tase : igld ) . its share price is tracked as part of the ta - all - share index .
the company’s subsidiary , b communications , is the controlling holder , holding 31 . 37 % interest , of bezeq , which is the largest communication service provider in israel . the company owns 75 . 3 % interest of its subsidiary , 012 smile communications ltd , which is one of israel’s major internet and international telephony service providers and the largest providers of enterprise / it integration services . in 2010 , 012 smile communication completed the acquisition of all shares of golden lines ltd . smile media ltd . is 100 % owned by internet gold and is engaged in internet portals and e - commerce business .
internet gold inc . is a leading internet service provider in israel . the company provides a wide array of internet services tailored to meet the needs of the residential and business subscribers , including internet access and related value - added services , as well as content through the company ' s portals . the company intends to become the leading portal in israel and , through its e - commerce joint venture , the leading e - commerce provider in israel . ( press release )
- bezeq ' s results for the third quarter of 2017 are in line with its 2017 annual guidance - net profit of nis 18 million attributable to shareholders of internet gold forthe third quarter of 2017 ramat . . .
- net profit of the bezeq group for the second quarter of 2017 of nis 358 million , business as usual - - net profit attributable to shareholders of internet gold for the second quarter of 2017 of nis . . .
bezeq has more than 2 . 5 million access lines and about 1 million broadband asl lines . it also provides mobile services through its cellphone subsidiary , pelephone communications , to approximately 2 , 700 , 000 customers . it serves more than 560 , 000 yes satellitetelevision subscribers through its dbs satellite subsidiary .
golden lines ltd . ( the
company
, internet gold
) ( igld ) ( igld . ta ) , today announced that the company conducted a private placement of nis 26 , 043 , 252 par value of its series d debentures to certain institutional ,
qualified
and private investors in israel in exchange for nis 23 , 462 , 389 par value of its outstanding series c debentures . the private placement was structured as an increase to the outstanding series d debentures of the company , which were first issued in march 2014 .
golden lines ltd . ( the
company
, internet gold
) ( igld ) ( igld . ta ) , today announced that the company conducted a private placement of nis 201 , 371 , 696 par value of its series d debentures to certain institutional ,
qualified
and private investors in israel in exchange for nis 181 , 415 , 942 par value of its outstanding series c debentures . the private placement was structured as an increase to the outstanding series d debentures of the company , which were first issued in march 2014 .
on a per - share basis , the ramat gan , israel - based company said it had profit of 27 cents . the fixed line and cellphone company posted revenue of $ 683 million in the period . internet gold shares have declined . . .
on a per - share basis , the ramat gan , israel - based company said it had net income of 20 cents . the fixed line and cellphone company posted revenue of $ 705 million in the period . internet gold shares have . . .
internet gold - golden lines ltd . , incorporated on april 29 , 1992 , is a communications company . the company ' s subsidiary is b communications ltd . ( b communications ) . the company ' s principal asset is its controlling interest through b communications in bezeq - the israel telecommunications corp . , ltd . ( bezeq ) , which is a telecommunications provider . the company ' s segments include domestic fixed - line communications ( bezeq ) , cellular communications ( pelephone communications ltd . ( pelephone ) ) , international communications and internet services ( bezeq international ltd . ( bezeq international ) ) and multi - channel television ( dbs satellite services ( 1998 ) ltd . ( dbs ) ) . the bezeq group includes bezeq , pelephone , bezeq international and dbs . the company ' s other operations include call center services ( bezeq online ltd . ) , and online shopping and classified advertisements , ( through walla ! communications ltd . ) .
internet gold’s main asset is its 64 . 78 % interest in bcom ltd . ( nasdaq and tase : bcom ) , a subsidiary through which igld holds a controlling interest in bezeq ( tase : bzeq ) , israel’s incumbent telecommunications provider . bezeq is a leading player in israel’s fixed - line , mobile voice , broadband and multichannel pay tv markets .
company offering internet , domestic and long - distance calling services agreed to buy 30 . 7 % stake in bezeq israel telecom for nis 6 . 5 billion in october
eurocom communications ltd . provides communication services . its services include mobile and satellite communications , direct broadcast satellite tv and internet access services . the company was founded in 1985 and is headquartered in ramat gan , israel .
the company ' s bezeq is the provider of fixed - line telephony and fixed - line broadband internet infrastructure access services in israel . its products and services include basic telephony services on domestic telephone lines and associated services , and fixed - line broadband internet infrastructure access services through its infrastructure network . bezeq also offers transmission and data communication services , services to other communications operators and broadcasting services . bezeq ' s next generation network ( ngn ) is the fixed - line communication network in israel . the ngn uses very - high - bit - rate digital subscriber line 2 ( vdsl2 ) technology and enables bezeq to provide bandwidth of approximately 100 megabits per second ( mbps ) ( download ) speed , as well as value - added services .
the company ' s domestic fixed - line communications ( bezeq ) includes fixed - line telephony services , fixed - line broadband internet infrastructure access services , transmission and data communication services , and other services . bezeq ' s fixed - line telephony services include basic telephony service on domestic telephone lines and associated value - added services , such as voice mail , caller identity ( id ) , call waiting , call forwarding and conference calls . bezeq also offers its business customers national toll free numbers , which provide full or partial payment for customer calls by the business customer . bezeq has approximately 2 . 18 million active fixed telephone lines in israel . bezeq offers a range of payment plans , ranging from a monthly subscription fee per fixed telephone line and charge per second of use , to various fixed - line telephony packages consisting of monthly amounts of minutes for a fixed monthly fee .
012 . smile communications , a provider of telephone and internet services , announced thursday it has signed a nis 3 . 9 billion financing agreement for the purchase of a controlling interest in bezeq israeli telecommunication corp . , the country’s largest telecommunications provider .
bezeq provides fixed - line broadband internet infrastructure access services to israeli market based on the number of subscribers . bezeq offers its fixed - line broadband internet infrastructure access services in a range of packages , with prices varying according to bandwidth , and offers its subscribers packages with bandwidth speeds ranging from 5 mbps to 100 mbps , depending on the distance of the subscriber ' s premises from the street cabinet and the technology available at the subscriber ' s premises . bezeq offers add - on and value - added services to its fixed - line broadband internet infrastructure access services subscribers , including bezeq ' s offering of a shared national free wireless fidelity ( wi - fi ) network . bezeq charges its subscribers a monthly fee for certain of these add - on services . in addition , bezeq offers the bhome service , which is a smart home service that allows bezeq ' s internet subscribers to be updated on events at home in real time through their smartphones , cameras and sensors installed at home .
the bezeq group operates telecommunications infrastructure in israel , with a range of telecommunications services across all of its markets . the bezeq group provides a range of telecommunications services for its business and private customers , including domestic fixed - line telephony and fixed - line broadband internet infrastructure access services , cellular telephony services , internet service provider ( isp ) , international telephony ( ild ) , data services , information and communication technology ( ict ) solutions , multi - channel television broadcasts through satellite , customer call centers , maintenance and development of communications infrastructures , provision of communications services to other communications providers , and the supply and maintenance of equipment on customer premises , also known as network end point ( nep ) services .
bezeq provides a range of data and transmission services , both to its business customers and to other telecommunication operators . bezeq ' s data service offerings include point to point , or point to multi point , network topology for business to business and multi - branch business customers , as well as connectivity , internet access and remote access services . bezeq provides these services on various platforms , from its infrastructures , such as internet protocol virtual private network ( ipvpn ) and metro ethernet . bezeq offers transmission services to a range of communications operators in israel . bezeq provides backhaul services to cellular telephony operators and transmission connectivity services to wireline operators , ild providers , isps and to the palestinian authority operators . bezeq offers similar services to business customers , with a range of bandwidths and interfaces .
the company ' s pelephone is a cellular telephony services provider in israel . pelephone provides cellular telephony services , sells handsets and other end - user equipment , and provides repair services for handsets sold by pelephone . pelephone offers its subscribers voice , data and text messaging services and multimedia services through its nationwide 3 . 5g universal mobile telecommunications system / high speed downlink packet access ( umts / hspa ) + 4g network . pelephone ' s basic cellular telephony ( voice ) services include basic call services , call completion services and auxiliary services , such as call waiting , call forwarding , voice mail , voice conference call and caller id . pelephone ' s customers can also access internet services by using their handsets or through a cellular modem , or netstick , with download speeds of approximately 40 mbps . pelephone ' s value - added services include short text messages ( sms ) , multimedia messages ( mms ) and content services . pelephone also offers its customers handset repair services for a monthly payment .
012 smile communications said on thursday it has signed an nis 3 . 9 billion ( $ 1 . 04 billion ) financing agreement to fund the acquisition of a controlling stake in bezeq israel telecom .
the financing will be provided by a consortium led by bank hapoalim and expected to include bank leumi , amitim ( senior pension funds ) , israel discount bank , mizrahi tefahot bank , hsbc , first international bank of israel and union bank . hapoalim will be manager of the loan .
in addition , bank hapoalim will provide 012 smile with a short - term loan of nis 700 million .
to buy a 30 . 7 % stake in bezeq for nis 6 . 5 billion .
it will become a telecoms holding company after the expected completion in april . 012 smile is controlled by businessman shaul elovitch through eurocom communications .
bank hapoalim will serve as the manager of the loan and will provide the 012 . smile with a shortterm loan of nis 700 million .
dear reader , as you can imagine , more people are reading the jerusalem post than ever before . nevertheless , traditional business models are no longer sustainable and high - quality publications , like ours , are being forced to look for new ways to keep going . unlike many other news organizations , we have not put up a paywall . we want to keep our journalism open and accessible and be able to keep providing you with news and analyses from the frontlines of israel , the middle east and the jewish world .
as one of our loyal readers , we ask you to be our partner .
the financing will be provided to the 012 . smile by a consortium led by bank hapoalim and is expected to include bank leumi le - israel , amitim ( senior pension funds ) , israel discount bank , mizrahi tefahot bank , hsbc , first international bank of israel and union bank .
bank hapoalim will serve as the manager of the loan . in addition , it will provide the 012 . smile with a shortterm loan of nis 700 million .
last october , the apaxsaban - arkin group agreed to sell its controlling 30 . 6 percent stake in bezeq to 012 . smile for nis 6 . 5b . to receive regulatory approval for the transaction , 012 . smile divested its telecommunications business at the beginning of february , selling it to a wholly owned subsidiary of ampal - american israel corporation for nis 1 . 2b .
the deal for bezeq is expected to be completed in april , after which 012 . smile will become a telecommunications holding company with a 30 . 6 % share of bezeq as its sole holding .
bezeq was founded in 1984 and was owned by the government until five years ago , when it was privatized and its controlling stake was bought by apax - saban - arkin for nis 4 . 2b .
as the largest telecommunication operator in israel , bezeq provides wired and wireless telephone and other communications services to consumer and business subscribers throughout israel .
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bezeq israel telecom ' s board ( bezq . ta ) will hold a special meeting on sunday , a source close to the company said , while israeli media reported that chief executive stella handler , who is in police custody , could be replaced at least temporarily . the source said the board would meet but could not confirm whether handler would be replaced . handler and another company official were arrested last week in connection with the israel securities authority ' s ( isa ) investigation of bezeq over allegations including fraud , bribery and securities offences .
the bezeq ' s other services include miscellaneous services to communications operators , infrastructure services for hot , broadcast services and contract work . bezeq provides various services to other communications operators , including rental of space and provision of services in its rented properties , hosting of cellular sites , billing and collection for ild operators and special services for isps . bezeq installs and provides maintenance for the portion of hot ' s cable network that runs through bezeq ' s ducts and poles . bezeq operates and maintains radio transmitters that are operated by radio stations and operators , including the israel broadcasting corporation and the israeli defense force radio ( galei zahal ) . bezeq also operates digital terrestrial television ( dtt ) transmitters for the second authority . bezeq performs setup and operational work on networks and sub - networks for various customers , such as the israel ministry of defense , radio and television broadcasting companies , cellular and international communication operators , local authorities , municipalities and government agencies .
the company ' s bezeq international is the provider of isp services in israel and provider of ild and international and domestic data transfer , and network services . bezeq international provides communications solutions that include isp and related value - added services , international and domestic telephony , private branch exchange ( pbx ) supply and support , ict , cloud computing services , data communications and information security , website server hosting and related managed services . bezeq international also owns the jonah high - speed submarine optical fiber communications cable system connecting israel and europe .
bezeq international specializes in providing information technology ( it ) and communications solutions for local and international enterprises , offering a range of services and solutions that combine its communications network and the customer ' s organizational computer infrastructures . bezeq international offers a range of ict services , including it systems , computerized infrastructures , information security , networking , and wireless and data back - up solutions , as well as maintenance for organizational computer networks , help desks and it outsourcing services . bezeq international also provides its business customers with international data networks , virtual private routed networks ( vprn ) and multiprotocol label switching ( mpls ) , networks , and high - speed isp services through a range of broadband technologies , such as transmission , metro , adsl , cables and wi - fi . bezeq international offers its business customers services , which allow for the upgrade and adjustment of such services for customers ' requirements , which is referred to by bezeq international as it as a service ( such as it infrastructure as a service , cloud computing and data backup , virtual servers and cloud call centers ) .
bezeq international includes data centers , which supply website server hosting and co - location services , as well as disaster recovery solutions . bezeq international operates data centers and utilizes its international points - of - presence and global data network for its international enterprise customers . bezeq international specializes in installing , maintaining and supporting internal organizational telephony exchanges , ip exchanges and call centers for manufacturers . in traditional international communications , bezeq international utilizes a soft switch switching system that provides intelligent network services for international calls enabling monitoring and customer use restrictions . bezeq international also provides data services to isps and international communication providers through its submarine optical fiber communications cable system .
the company ' s dbs offers nationwide coverage through its direct to home ( dth ) technology and provides multi - channel pay television broadcasts through satellite , and provides multi - channel television services , with nationwide coverage and technologies , including personal video recorder ( pvr ) , video on demand ( vod ) and high definition ( hd ) television . dbs offers a range of content on approximately 150 different channels , including 20 hd channels . such channels include mtv , national geographic , discovery and eurosport . dbs also offers a range of local content , as well as vod services , pay - per - view channels , radio channels , music channels and interactive services . dbs ' s package offerings include a basic package , which each subscriber is required to purchase , as well as additional channels chosen by the subscriber , whether as a package or as single and pay - per - view ( ppv ) channels . dbs offers sports channels package , an entertainment and series package , a movies channels package , a business and news channels package , a science and nature channels package , a youth and music channels package , a russian language channels package and an arabic language channels package , among others .
the company competes with golan telecom cellcom fixed line communication , 013 netvision ltd . , xfone , partner fixed - line communication solutions , hot mobile international communications , 014 bezeq international and 012 smile .
2 dov friedman street ramat gan 52503 p : + 9723 . 9240000 f : + 9723 . 7530075
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p / e ratio ( ttm ) the price to earnings ( p / e ) ratio , a key valuation measure , is calculated by dividing the stock ' s most recent closing price by the sum of the diluted earnings per share from continuing operations for the trailing 12 month period . earnings per share ( ttm ) a company ' s net income for the trailing twelve month period expressed as a dollar amount per fully diluted shares outstanding . market capitalization reflects the total market value of a company . market cap is calculated by multiplying the number of shares outstanding by the stock ' s price . for companies with multiple common share classes , market capitalization includes both classes . shares outstanding number of shares that are currently held by investors , including restricted shares owned by the company ' s officers and insiders as well as those held by the public . public float the number of shares in the hands of public investors and available to trade . to calculate , start with total shares outstanding and subtract the number of restricted shares . restricted stock typically is that issued to company insiders with limits on when it may be traded . dividend yield a company ' s dividend expressed as a percentage of its current stock price .
shares sold short the total number of shares of a security that have been sold short and not yet repurchased . change from last percentage change in short interest from the previous report to the most recent report . exchanges report short interest twice a month . percent of float total short positions relative to the number of shares available to trade .
money flow uptick / downtick ratio money flow measures the relative buying and selling pressure on a stock , based on the value of trades made on an
uptick
in price and the value of trades made on a
downtick
in price . the up / down ratio is calculated by dividing the value of uptick trades by the value of downtick trades . net money flow is the value of uptick trades minus the value of downtick trades . our calculations are based on comprehensive , delayed quotes .
money flow gives a snapshot of relative buying and selling pressure in a stock . a ratio above one suggests greater buying pressure , below one suggests greater selling .
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overturning roe v . wade could hurt job growth in many u . s . states
last updated : jul 9 , 2018 4 : 00 p . m . edt
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igld ( nasdaq ) us $ 10 . 91 0 . 00 ( 0 . 00 % ) 10 mar , 3 : 59 pm gmt - 5 - disclaimer
the company operates in four areas including bezeq domestic fixed - line communications , pelephone communications ltd . , bezeq international ltd . and d . b . s . satellite service ltd .
as of april 4 , 2013 , the company has a market capitalization of $ 789 . 67 million with an enterprise value of $ 3 . 79 billion .
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aliza schloss , former executive vice president at eurocom communications ltd . - relationship science
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the cybersecurity 202 : twitter ' s fake account purge can help turn the tide again . . .
the hebrew university of jerusalem is israel ' s second oldest university established in 1918 , 30 years before the state of israel . the hebrew university has three campuses in jerusalem and one in rehovot . the world ' s largest jewish studies library is located on its edmond j . safra givat ram campus .
satcom systems ltd . is engaged in providing communications services in africa through satellite infrastructure , fiber optic infrastructure and radio . the company operates through two segments : data communication services and mobile satellite communication services . the data communication services segment provides link services and infrast ructure to world wide web and services for the construction and operation of communication networks . the mobile satellite communications services segment provides services through satellite . the company was founded on october 20 , 1968 and is headquartered in petach tikva , israel .
sahar investments ltd . is an israel - based investment company . the company locates investments in different sectors . its investments include corporate bonds , tradable assets and equity holding in enlight renewal energy ltd . , which operates in green and environmental friendly energy production . sahar investments is headquartered at ramat ga n , israel .
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chief executive officer & director at f . k . generators & equipment ltd .
baruch college of the city university of new york remains dedicated to being a catalyst for the social , cultural , and financial mobility of a diverse student body , reflective of its historical mission . baruch college educates men and women for leadership roles in business , civic and cultural affairs , and academia . it offers rigorous bacca laureate , masters , and doctoral programs to qualified students who seek careers in business , public affairs , and the arts and sciences . integrating professional education with the arts and sciences for undergraduates , baruch college ' s faculty cultivates its students’ analytical ability , critical thinking , cultural awareness , and ethical sensibility . the college’s graduate programs focus on professional preparation that enables students to become leaders and innovators in their fields . the faculty’s contributions to knowledge reflect a commitment to teaching , research , scholarship , public policy , and artistic creativity . through executive education , continuing studies programs , and public events , baruch engages the larger civic and international community that includes its supportive alumni , extending the college’s visibility and nurturing its global reputation .
ituran location & control ltd . engages engages in the provision of stolen vehicle recovery , fleet management , and tracking services . it operates through the location based services and wireless communications products segments . the location based services segment consists of stolen vehicle recovery , fleet management , and value - added servi ces . the wireless communications segment consists of short - and medium - range two - way wireless communications products . the company was founded by yehuda kahane and izzy sheratzky in february 1994 and is headquartered in azour , israel .