sieur d'arques is a wine producer cooperative located in limoux in the languedoc-roussillon area of france .

it produces the red bicyclette brand of wine , marketed in the united states by e & j gallo winery .

in 2012 , pierre mirc retired as chairman of sieur d'arques .

current executives include maurice lautard , chairman ; laurent lechat , general manager ; guilhem marty , technical director .

sieur d ' arques

une histoire d ' hommes et de passion . film institutionnel présentant la maison sieur d ' arques
four centuries later , in 1946 , the founding winemakers of our winery christened their wine , sieur d’arques .
the cave sieur d ' arques is always a wonderful way to show visitors the beautiful sparkling wines . . .
before arriving at the cave sieur d ' arques , we decided to drive through this beautiful small . . .
sieur d & apos ; arques premiere bulle sparkling 2011 - 1 bottles , rrp $ 27 . 5 per bottle
a lawyer for sieur d ' arques , jean - marie bourland , told agence france - presse :
there is no prejudice . not a single american consumer complained .
in a statement on its website it said it was
deeply disappointed
to learn its supplier , sieur d ' arques , had been found guilty of selling falsely labelled french pinot noir .
aimery sieur d’arques is situated 25 km from carcassonne . one of the leading wine organizations in the languedoc region , aimery sieur d’arques combines the latest wine producing technology with a healthy respect for tradition . considered a pioneer in languedoc roussillon in terms of quality of production and wine - growing techniques , la cave des vignerons du sieur d’arques was one of the first wineries in the eighties to develop plot - based selection in its 2800 hectares of aoc vineyard . the terroir which benefits from the mediterranean sun , tempered by the proximity to the pyrénées and the influence of the atlantic ocean , combines the ideal conditions for producing great wines .
the defendants , from two firms , received suspended jail sentences and fines between 3 , 000 and 45 , 000 euros . reuters reports that one firm , sieur d’arques , had to pay a fine of 180 , 000 euros .
a view of the sieur d ' arques wine merchant in limoux , southwestern france , thursday feb . 18 , 2010 . a french court has convicted wednesday a dozen wine merchants and wine growers for selling and exporting fake . . . more
les vignerons du sieur d’arques avenue du mauzac 11300 limoux phone1 + 33 4 . 68 . 74 . 63 . 24 phone2 + 33 4 . 68 . 74 . 63 . 00 fax + 33 4 . 68 . 74 . 63 . 13
according to the french investigation , however , gallo had little to do with the production of the wine . rather , gallo , which has not been implicated in any wrongdoing , bought bulk wine from a company called sieur d ' arques , which in turn purchased the alleged “pinot noir” from a bulk wine broker , ducasse wine merchants . both sieur d ' arques and ducasse were convicted of the fraud , though sieur d ' arques maintained that it was duped into buying fraudulent wine it believed to be pinot noir . apparently the ducasse firm purchased cheaper merlot and syrah from various cooperatives around carcassonne and passed it off as the more expensive pinot noir . french authorities believed the scam amounted to about 7 million euro profit from january 2006 through march 2008 , according to an article in the guardian .
sieur d ' arques , created in limoux in 1946 , is a major player in languedoc wine sector . endowed with latest technical expertise and a long rich tradition of winemaking . discover how the cooperative operates , how the vine is worked , grape harvesting . . .
the cave sieur d ' arques is always a wonderful way to show visitors the beautiful sparkling wines of limoux . they have a small museum that shows the history of blanquette de limoux and has many artefact that were used in the olden days . there are . . .
ella mai – boo ' d up ( remix ) ft . nicki minaj & quavo
a view of the sieur d ' arques wine merchant in limoux , southwestern france , thursday feb . 18 , 2010 . a french court has convicted wednesday a dozen wine merchants and wine growers for selling and exporting fake pinot noir in a lucrative fraud scheme . a leading u . s . wine merchant in the case says he may appeal . among others , the fraud victimized california - based giant e . & j . gallo winery . sieur d ' arques , was convicted of fraud and fined euro 180 , 000 ( $ 244 , 000 ) . less
at sieur d ' arques , we are eager to satisfy every occasion and every palate with our sparkling wines . that is why we create history every day by signing - out sparkling wines of great finesse and elegance in order to make each tasting moment a unique and memorable experience .
before arriving at the cave sieur d ' arques , we decided to drive through this beautiful small speciality region . the winding road climbs gently higher until it reaches les serpent , literally at the foothills of the pyrenees . in early october the picking must have just finished as . . .
the fines ranged from 1 , 500 euros ( $ 2 , 050 ; £1 , 300 ) to the top figure of 180 , 000 euros ( $ 247 , 050 ; £156 , 500 ) for sieur d ' arques . the judge said that the accused together made seven million euros in profits from the scam .
on february 17 , 2010 , 12 people from the languedoc - roussillon region of france were convicted by a court in carcassonne in connection with the fraud , including the head of ducasse , claude courset ( described as the
kingpin
of the scheme ) , executives at sieur d ' arques , and several cooperatives .
courses arques la bataille 9 avril 2012 ( cani - cross - cani - vtt - trail . . . )
since 1946 , sieur d ' arques , located in limoux ( 25km from carcassonne ) , perpetuates a passionate tradition that has established the languedoc - roussillon as a creator of exceptional vintages . their historical expertise , their eternal quest for quality , excellence and technical mastery allow them to sign - out some great wines for the enjoyment of all demanding wine lovers .
bonus : sieur d arques toques et clochers is available at bevmo now . take advantage the bevmo 2 for 1 sale to give your fledgling wine cellar a boost , fill in the “holes” of an established cellar or expand your horizon and venture out into unchartered flavors . plus if you buy a case in - store you receive an additional 10 percent off !
the history of the languedoc vineyards dates back to the fifth century bc , when the greeks introduced the vine and its cultivation techniques . but it wasn’t until 1531 that the benedictine monks of the st hilaire abbey , a village close to limoux , produced the first sparkling wine in the world… the world’s first sparkling wine was born . seduced by this sparkling wine , a local lord , the sieur d ' arques got into the habit of quaffing
flascons
of blanquette to celebrate his victories . four centuries later , in 1946 , inspired by this historical anecdote , the winery’s founders took on the name of sieur d ' arques . since that day , the company has perpetuated the work of its remarkable artisans in a true desire to share their ancestral know - how with all lovers of exceptional wines .
the fallout of what we ' ll call pinotgate began last month with 12 fraud convictions in a french court for selling to e & j gallo wine labeled as pinot noir that was nothing of the sort ; it was actually merlot and syrah . the defendants , vintners and co - ops in southern france , were accused of distributing wine through sieur d ' arques , a large languedoc wine merchant , that went into gallo ' s red bicyclette label .
sieur d ' arques , created in limoux in 1946 , is a major player in languedoc wine sector . endowed with latest technical expertise and a long rich tradition of winemaking . discover how the cooperative operates , how the vine is worked , grape harvesting and the limoux wines making process . finally , a wine tasting session about the different wines of the appellation limoux . every year , we organize four walks to explore the wines of toques et clochers .
steeples of limoux’s soils have , for over twenty years , conquered the great chardonnay lovers . with this crémant toques & steeples , sieur d’arques sign another great wine , inspiring and vibrant , sophisticated and complex expression of a terroir revealed by a singular compelling expertise . this blend dominated by chardonnay , strictly selected for its smoothness and radiance , was fired in april and disgorged in january . it was me great pleasure to have been those who have given birth to this crémant toques & steeples .
the history of the languedoc vineyard dates back to the 5 th century bc when the greeks first introduced grape vines and their cultural practices . it was in 1531 , one century before dom pérignon , that wines from limoux stepped onto the world stage thanks to benedictine nuns from the st hilaire abbey , a neighbouring village , who created the first sparkling wine in the world : la blanquette de limoux . the earliest written references to blanquette de limoux can be traced back to the lord of the region , “le sieur d’arques” who swigged down “flasks of blanquette” to celebrate his victories .
this excellent chardonnay comes from the caves du sieur d ' arques cooperative based at limoux in the aude region of the languedoc . the co - op was founded in 1946 and today has over 400 members . the ' toques et clochers ' chardonnay was first introduced in 1989 and takes its name from the gala dinner held every year and cooked by a celebrity chef ( hence the chef ' s hat - ' toque ' ) whilst the wine is auctioned and the proceeds used to maintain the church bells of a different wine village every year ( hence the ' clochers ' ) . aged in new oak , this superb white bears many of the hallmarks of a lighter white burgundy .
“we are deeply disappointed to learn today that our supplier sieur d’arques has been found guilty of selling falsely labeled french pinot noir as recently as march of 2008 . based on the available information of the pinot noir that the french courts have investigated , gallo imported less than 20 % of the total and is no longer selling any of this wine to customers . we believe that the only french pinot noir that was potentially misrepresented to us would have been the 2006 vintage and prior . we want to assure our consumers that this is not a health and safety issue and that we will continue to work with the appropriate u . s . authorities to determine any next steps required for potentially mislabeled pinot noir in the marketplace . ”
we went for a wedding near limoux . while there , new friends introduced us to brut . they advised us to go to sieur to try out the different bruts and enjoy the inexpensive taste of heaven . the museum was cool to go to . . . nothing too elaborate but . . .
following the recent scandals about horse meat found in ‘beef’ burgers and , worse , ‘calimari’ made with pig rectum , we thought we’d have a look at some oh - so - shocking scandals in the global wine industry from dubious labelling , to the wrong wine in the bottle and the addition of ‘special’ ingredients .
languedoc has been known for centuries for producing simpler and cheaper wine , which has sometimes been passed off by wine merchants as more expensive wine from bordeaux or burgundy . the french appellation d ' origine contrôlée ( aoc ) system was created in the 1930s to prevent the practice of mislabeling or diluting expensive wines with cheaper ones .
sieur d ' arques toques et clochers - haute vallée 2012 - limoux tasted by the best sommelier in the world andreas larsson . crisp , green apples , fresh almonds white wine , with a quite light almost transparent colour , there’s a slight hint of straw yellow . the nose is clean , it also feels rather on the young side . i would call this more restrained in a cooler climate style , with fresh lemon , almond , rather white fruit like quince and green apple ; feels more like a cool climate chardonnay . palate is still youthful , it has a fresh crisp acidity , classically bone - dry , nicely salivating on the palate . it has a slightly lighter body , but good , nice fruitiness , still a bit youthful and restrained . some notes of lemon zest on the finish , young fruit , quince , green apple . vinified in a nice , clean and fresh style . a wine that can perhaps get a slight aeration or another one to two years to open up . more information : urltoken facebook : urltoken . . . twitter : urltoken blog : urltoken
i remember buying a bottle of this in florida a couple of years ago and actually tossing out the second half of the bottle because the stuff was just undrinkable . i ' d sooner have drunk a glass of vinegar . i blamed the storage at the place i bought it but i see that i may have been unfair to them now .
in regard to the tasters guild international wine competition , the tastings are done blind . the only information that is provided to the judges is the varietal , vintage , and the residual sugar . tasters guild international has two annual competitions . the competition in the washington d . c . area takes the price point into consideration whereas the michigan judging does not .
but believe me when i tell you that there is nobody , not even a person whose tastebuds have been destroyed by a lifetime of cigarettes , who would not have noticed the shortcomings in that bottle of wine . the only reasonable answer is that nobody at e & j ; gallo ever bothered to taste the stuff themselves . i ' m sure they ' d have known .
damien , are you suggesting most major champagne houses are taking us for a ride ? ! i’d put a lot of money on any given retailer being unable to give you the names of the growers for any major champagne houses . additionally , knowing who makes the wine once it’s in the winery doesn’t help either because you can’t guarantee it won’t be fiddled - with there ( ref : duboeuf or brunello scandal ) .
take for example the 1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal in austria which embroiled a small number of wine producers who thought they’d be clever and add this toxic substance ( which incidentally is also a primary ingredient of some types of antifreeze , a fact the media loved ! ) to their wines to make them taste sweeter and more full - bodied . they were discovered when the adulterated wine was sent to germany and ( again illegally ) blended into german wines – german quality control labs then picked up the diethylene glycol and , as they don’t say in france , le vin hit the fan . all in all though it was probably a good thing for the austrian wine industry long term . short term of course it was a total disaster since the mere suggestion of ‘antifreeze’ in austrian wine was enough to cause a complete collapse of wine exports . but it did force the industry to take a good , long , hard look in the mirror and to focus production on other types of wine , moving away from sweet wines towards dry white wines and targeting a higher market segment .
all we can eat is a meeting place for the food - obsessed , a traffic signal at the ever - crowded intersection of politics , culture , aesthetics , desire and the dinner plate .
if it is from 2006 or earlier , gallo says , red bicyclette pinot noir is no such thing . ( gallo )
do you really know what you ' re drinking ? headlines this week screaming fraud in wine production in france for a popular brand sold in the united states may make you wonder .
yesterday , a french court in carcassonne convicted 12 people from the languedoc - roussillon region of passing off merlot and syrah wine as pinot noir to the u . s . firm e & j ; gallo for its red bicyclette brand .
red bicyclette debuted with the 2005 vintage and sells for about $ 8 . there are also a chardonnay , syrah , merlot and a rosé that have not been implicated in any scandal . gallo markets the brand as offering a taste of southern france . a tech sheet for the 2006 pinot noir on the brand ' s web site gives details about the soils where the grapes were grown , how the grapes were handled during production and how a mere 3 percent of the wine was matured in french and american oak barrels , giving the impression that gallo was intimately involved in the production of the wine . ( the tech sheet also states that the wine contains 10 percent grenache and 5 percent syrah , which while not stated on the label is quite legal . the u . s . government allows a wine to be labeled as single varietal if 75 percent or more of the wine is from that grape . )
how did the french authorities cotton on to the scam ? well , someone noticed that more pinot noir was being sold from the languedoc - roussillon than the entire region produced . that ' s pretty easy math .
not surprisingly , the british press reacted to the news of the convictions with glee as a chance to show that americans really don ' t know anything about wine . the guardian gloated that gallo had been duped into buying 18 million bottles of plonk thinking it was the “intoxicating red feted with such style in the oscar - winning 2004 wine comedy ' sideways . ' ” ( that would be news to santa barbara pinot producers . ) the paper sneered at the unsuspecting “californian wine buff” sniffing his glass of plonk for hints of “dark fruit aromas” and “flavors of black cherry and plum . ”
the london times even took a swipe at me . after noting that producers in the languedoc had improved quality and “engaged in clever export marketing , ” it quoted the washington post ' s “wine critic” as writing that “the languedoc and roussillon have shown tremendous improvement in quality over the past decade , and they remain a source of high - value wine at reasonable prices . ”
accurately quoted from my sept . 16 , 2009 , column . but the paper didn ' t mention that in the column i also discussed the fraud investigation , then in its early stages , or that i cited the influential french wine magazine , la revue des vins de france , as touting the region ' s success . never mind that my recommendations that week were from small quality - driven wineries in sub - appellations of the region , with nothing labeled “south of france . ” nor did the brit press mention that british wine writer jancis robinson , columnist for the financial times , has lavished praise on some of the region ' s better wineries .
maybe we americans deserve a little bit of ribbing , though . after all , we did buy a lot of red bicyclette .
all good since there wasn ' t an issue with the ' healthiness ' of the wine . but , is there good quality control on imported wine to make sure we ' re not being poisoned ?
here ' s to two - buck chuck . i always thought it was so amusing whenever someone ordered pinot noir . not to being dismissive of the varietal , but most of these people were doing it because they saw sideways . i say we ship a bunch of schlitz labeled as bud and send it over to french . that will show them .
e & j ; gallo has failed to say what steps they have taken to ensure that the rest of their import portfolio is true to the varietal listed on the label . companies this big put huge pressures on their supply chain and then tend adopt a position that they are not responsible when a supplier cheats . in this case even though the family ' s sonoma winemaker , gina gallo , has made pinot noir since 1991 and should know what it tastes like .
anyone who knows anything about languedoc wines should have been highly suspicious of a pinot noir from that region . those grapes are simply rarely grown there .
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a dozen french winemakers and traders have been found guilty of a massive scam to sell 18 million bottles of fake pinot noir to a leading us buyer .
the judge in carcassonne , south - west france , said the producers and traders had severely damaged the reputation of the languedoc region .
the 12 more than doubled profits passing off the wine to e and j gallo under its red bicyclette brand .
the court ruled the 12 had deliberately and repeatedly mislabelled the wine as one of the more expensive varieties of grape in order to get a better price from e and j gallo .
the red bicyclette pinot noir single grape wine is hugely popular in the united states .
they found the amount of pinot noir being sold to gallo was far more than the region produced .
the judge handed out suspended jail sentences ranging from one month to six months for the most prominent wine trader and ordered all the defendants to pay fines .
the judge said :
the scale of the fraud caused severe damage for the wines of the languedoc for which the united states is an important outlet .
a lawyer for three other defendants argued his clients had delivered a wine that had pinot noir characteristics .
e and j gallo said it was no longer selling any of the wine to its customers .
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the question now is whether gallo somehow knew that what was portrayed as industrial - grade pinot was nothing of the sort . the modesto wine giant has said it is
deeply disappointed
in its supplier , and when asked about checking the wine for pinot purity , a gallo spokesperson said ,
there is no way to chemically test wine to establish its varietal composition with certainty .
at least one other big wine company found itself entangled . constellation brands bought wine from the same supplier . it says some wine was
tested internally ,
and some tested independently , which doesn ' t quite mesh with gallo ' s assertion about verifying the putative pinot .
the outcry has been enough to get the feds involved , with the alcohol and tobacco tax and trade bureau launching a probe into label violations .
it depends upon what they knew and when they knew it ,
says ttb spokesman art resnick . and of course , there ' s also a class - action lawsuit .
wine people don ' t usually get such high drama , which is why this mess will probably take the trophy for schadenfreude of the year : american wine giant gets duped by the french . the freedom - fry cooks are heating their oil .
gallo , being the biggest of targets , has taken a lot of flak : how could they not know ? didn ' t anyone taste it ? indeed , it ' s possible no one tasted the wine in more than a cursory way . or it might have been a vinous case of
don ' t ask , don ' t tell .
welcome to the underbelly of the global wine market ; cheap wine may not have the quandaries of cheap beef , but still requires a lot of legerdemain . and if any grape would expose the system ' s shortfalls , it would be pinot . even when treated with care , it ' s an uneven performer .
in the post -
sideways
world , the real story of modern pinot is found on any supermarket wine shelf . the fine print on bottles of $ 8 or $ 12 pinot reveals a self - contained tale of globalization . the labels may scream california - beringer , meridian , bv coastal , pepperwood grove - but the small print tells a different story : vin de pays de l ' herault ( france ) , provincia di pavia ( italy ) , valle central ( chile ) .
perhaps no one called foul on the faux pinot because plenty of real , cheap pinot doesn ' t have much pinot character . to prove this point , i went out and bought several such wines under $ 10 . of the lot , only the beringer - also sourced from the languedoc - channeled pinot in a simple , table - beverage way . mostly , i found lots of hollow , tinny flavors . merlot would have been an improvement .
pinot partisans have been growing irate that their heartbreak grape is being ruined by the masses . it is an affirmation of every pinotphile ' s conspiracy theory : that our beloved grape has been defiled by large - scale industrial winemaking .
just one problem : for all the hand - wringing about the french pumping us with fake pinot , the same adulteration has been at work on these shores for years - all of it perfectly legal . the road to cheap pinot is paved with more robust grapes ; many inexpensive pinot noirs contain merlot , syrah , petite sirah and even chardonnay . labeling laws make it all perfectly legal .
so who ' s to blame ? we all are . the wine industry didn ' t wake up one day and decide to make one of the most notoriously difficult grapes into a mass product . it responded to a huge demand .
you could argue that big wineries have been misleading novice drinkers into a false view of what pinot should be . but an alternative argument is we either accept that some wines just can ' t be made on the cheap , or we drink the wine we deserve .
if we ' re that worried about merlot being blended into cheap pinot , there ' s an easy solution : stop drinking cheap pinot .
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tripadvisor gives a certificate of excellence to accommodations , attractions and restaurants that consistently earn great reviews from travellers .
thank you very much for this beautiful article , we are delighted to read it . excellent blanquette tasting !
products from a great local winery . the sparkling wines are of good value , service is friendly , we bought 3 bottles .
my friend took me here , as he was already familiar with the local area and wanted to take me to the place where his favourite wine comes from . it ' s now easily my favourite too . the museum was interesting , with lots of history and information about . . .
hi , thanks for your comment . we are very happy you enjoyed your visit ! if you whish more wine we have an online boutique . have fun !
stopped by for a tasting of the famous blanquette de limoux . though it was off - season , the staff let us into the free museum ( apologising for the lack of heat ) . interesting and informative displays . nice map of the four local terroirs , complemented by jars of soil . . .
we are delighted that you enjoyed your experience , thank you for your comment .
just back from a flying visit here and had to share what fabulous service we had from simone . not only was she knowledgeable about the wines , but she was super helpful telling us of places to eat in limoux and in the smaller town of . . .
we are very delighted that you enjoyed your experience with us . it was a pleasure to welcome you . thanks for your comment .
we popped in here before lunch whilst exploring limoux . the museum was free and well laid out with plenty of information about the production of sparkling wine in general and information more specific to the area . we then had a taste of some of the . . .
we are delighted you enjoyed your tasting experience and the museum , thanks for you comment .
we were disappointed that they had stopped the tour apparently due to
health and safety
reasons . thought this only applied to gb ! . museum quite interesting but the video had obviously been produced for marketing purposes . views of the barrels in the caves quite impressive .
dear sir , we are providing a tour for our visitors to discover how our wine and especially our sparkling wine is made . this tour is absolutely the same for any customers whatever the customers nationality . moreover , it would be absolutely dangerous to show some technical . . .
this museum is free to the public . it is interesting to see the scale of production in this area . we did some wine tasting of the different blanquettes after - which are very good - and not too expensive .
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products from a great local winery . the sparkling wines are of good value , service is friendly , we . . .
tripadvisor gives a certificate of excellence to accommodations , attractions and restaurants that consistently earn great reviews from travelers .
for more information about this wine please call 1 514 . 932 . 2626 .
you must be 18 or older to visit our website . © philippe dandurand wines , 2011 . all rights reserved .
traditional method the traditional method gives us the blanquette and crémant de limoux , the ideal partner for all lovers of bubbles .
ancestral method developed using a process as mysterious as it is natural , the ancestral method is well known to wine - lovers . its typical taste lies in a bold signature , revealing naturally sweet and fruity aromas . .
- take part in a unique experience - relive the history of the first sparkling wine in the world .
- on your visit , you will discover the secret of how these exceptional wines are made , combining the best of tradition and the latest winemaking techniques .
- the visit culminates in a tasting featuring several of our wines and during which your guide will help you discover new aromas and taste sensations .
- information and reservations : + 33 4 . 68 . 74 . 63 . 45
limoux is best known for its sparkling wine , blanquette de limoux . this is reputed to be the oldest sparkling wine in france and dates back to 1531 when benedictine monks from saint hilaire abbey discovered that the wine they had laid down had fermented and formed bubbles . this was the beginning of limoux’s bubbly - the blanquette de limoux which was the first aoc to be created in the languedoc area . the process ( the locals say ) was stolen by dom perignon who went on to create ‘champagne‘ . however the limoux sparkling wine is a very high quality champagne substitute and crémant , which was developed in 1990 , has a top class reputation . now a prestigious event attracting buyers from all over the world , “toques & clochers” puts up for auction the most promising barrels of aoc limoux . a share of the proceeds are then used to finance the renovation of bell towers in surrounding villages . every year the auction is hosted by one of france’s great chefs popularly referred to as a “toques” , the traditional white chef’s hat . . . .
history tells us that blanquette de limoux , the world ' s first sparkling wine , dates as far back as 1531 . at the time , the monks of the benedictine abbey of saint - hilaire , near limoux , were producing a somewhat unusual white wine in their cellars . inside its glass flask , with a cork top - very rare for wines at this time - it acquired a natural sparkle . this was the forefather of the brut which is tasted today at the world ' s most prestigious tables . since they first started cultivating vines , the growers of limoux have aimed at maintaining the originality of the blanquette de limoux growth and developing its quality . the region ' s surrounding hills protect it from the extremes of the mediterranean and atlantic climates , with the area enjoying a microclimate particularly suitable for making quality white wine . the vines classified in the appellation are always planted at the top of southern - facing slopes , giving the best exposure . the soil here is shallow and sparse , full of chalk and stone . . . .
blanquette et crémant méthode : traditionnelle 10 . 00 € to 30 . 00 €
situated in the foothills of the pyrenees and surrounded by its vineyards , domaine gayda is a new destination in the languedoc , 25km south west of carcassonne , in the village of brugairolles . nestled in the vines , our new “paillotes” offer a unique barbecue dining experience whilst the restaurant , incorporated in the winery building , also makes for an exceptional environment in which to discover our food and wines . enjoy the spectacular views and the modern french cuisine prepared with the passion and creativity of our chef pascal ledroit , an inspiring new face of food and wine for the region . . . .
located in limoux , the hotel & restaurant moderne et pigeon greets you at the heart of the cathares castles . 11 guest rooms with all mod cons , a traditional restaurant for the whole family where adults and children can both enjoy . a variety of sets menus are available for you to choose from : tasting menu ; gourmet menu or sweet - tooth menu . the hotel moderne et pigeon is a former covent dating from 1501 . first it was a covent , then it became a boutique hotel and a bank at the beginning of the 20th century . the hotel is decorated with centuries old stained glasses and frescoes . you will enjoy the charm of a fine dining restaurant and a luxury hotel . we look forward to greeting you soon . . .
hotel - restaurant auberge de la corneilla located in cournanel ( aude ) near limoux , and twenty five kilometers from the city of carcassonne welcomes you in the cathar country in a warm and friendly atmosphere with two large rooms and a shaded terrace at the edge of the river . very nice in the summer for its rural setting . . . during holidays we offer special menus ( christmas , valentine easter , mother ' s day , etc . . . ) two to three times per year at the change of season we change the map and menu with seasonal ingredients . in the weekend we offer in addition to the normal map a menu at 26 € with drinks ( wine and coffee ) included . . .
hotel limoux located at the entrance of limoux ( drive from carcassonne ) , hotel limoux offers 12 quiet rooms , comfortable and functional ( from 1 to 4 people ) . each with a private entrance , you have direct access to the patio of the hotel . carnaval in limoux ,
los fecos
. this typical village fête is held in late summer when the nights are still warm , and the crops and grapes have been harvested . but this annual fête in limoux , is different in almost every respect . for a start it lasts not three days , but over two months ; and not in summer but mid winter . it is the earliest and longest fête on the french calendar , starting in january and continuing until two weeks before easter sunday . . .
it is with great pleasure that our brasserie near carcassonne will let discover the specialties of the region on your plate . friendliness , good humor and regional cuisine : the recipe of this etablissement is also café and guesthouse in operation for over 100 years . . a café - brasserie near carcassonne , founded more than 100 years ago , tivoli has crossed the times with the times . this café - brasserie near carcassonne was taken completely renovated in 2004 by jean - marc guiraud . former manager of a bar atmosphere
the barjo
, this passionate rugby player is a heavy hitter now to offers of new services including the side of the theme bar . the catering , a family story that lasts for 3 generations in guiraud !
a creative , respectful cooking of the seasons and the products of the soil . a comfortable place for a very nice meal waits for you there . shop and restaurant la maison de la blanquette , the house of blanquette . town of limoux . limoux . languedoc . the wine shop and tasting room . the set menus in this restaurant offer local dishes to accompany the famous blanquette de limoux and other local wines . epicurean tastes throughout - well balanced food and an excellent wine list . . .
the restaurant ' s odalisque ,
la cuisine mise à nu
is right in the heart of limoux in a warm , rustic and modern environment , where chef christopher roussat mixes pleasure of the senses and food throughout the seasons . chef roussat christopher cut his teeth at the castle of pomarède ( 1 michelin star ) and the moulin de mougins ( 2 stars michelin ) . he does everything possible to serve gourmet cuisine open to all , both with original and inventive products and fresh seasonal vegetables . . . .
please select agenda , events beach , strand campings caves , gorges , . . chateaux , abbay . . for sale / te k . . gîtes - chambr . . golf sports hotels leisure links museums rental homes , v . . restaurants sports , sporten vtt - cycling - . . walking , hiking . . watersports wine domains , w . .
the occitanian word “merlot” translates to “young blackbird . ” an accurate description for this popular , early - budding . . .
“king of the red wine grapes . ” the colonizer of the vineyards , pushing native wine grapes into its shadows . the caber . . .
history of the grape : colombard is believed to be a crossing of gouais blanc and chenin blanc , although horticultural . . .
the irony here is that syrah’s origins could give carmen sandiego a run for her international wallet . syrah’s deepest . . .
british wine writer and critic , jancis robinson , once noted that throughout the 80’s and 90’s in the united states , c . . .
questo vino / spumante ( metodo classico ) , è prodotto a limoux ( francia ) nei migliori appezzamenti ai piedi dei pirenei . è vinificato a partire da un vitigno raro il
mauzac a grani duri
. un vino che sviluppa profumi di fiori di acacia e mela . ottimo abbinamento con olive verdi e nere . read more
tasted the 2009 vintage . tastes like something way more expensive than it is ! very rich and toasty , with a dry finish . nice golden apple and biscuity flavors . great alternative sparkler ! read more
not bad . medium - bodied , aroma of berries and leather , tasting notes of berries & oak , fruit - forward and a bit grapey even , with touches of bit of pepper , spice , and licorice in the background . crafted for the american palate . read more
hi or bonjour my name is pat a french national , i am 43 y . o . , happily married to a ct native and we have a teenage daughter . i was born in the south of france in rose country . i never really drank the stuff when i grew up there and was mostly into german / danish / dutch beers . i have lived in the usa for close to 20 years and the wine bug bit me a co . . . read more
urltoken china , india is going to be the next biggest growth market . how will there preferences drive the way wine is produced in the next deca . . . read more
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so it ' s been a while since i ' ve been on here but i was just . . .
i know of a number of people in the craft beer world who are . . .
is any1 selling any ? my wife loves to drink a wine with smoke taint . . .
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we will make every effort to supply orders exactly as listed above but if necessary will replace any out of stock wine with a similar bottle of equal or greater quality . cheers !
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copyright © 2018 mapei s . p . a . all rights reserved mapei s . p . a . via cafiero , 22 20158 - milan italy - phone + 39 - 02 - 376731 fax + 39 - 02 - 37673214 - mapei @ urltoken - p . iva 01649960158 - company data
the pinot noir passing - off controversy arose in 2010 within the wine industry over the passing - off by french distributors of merlot and syrah wine as pinot noir in the united states . the controversy involved the mislabeling of wines from vintners in southern france which were falsely sold to american distributors e & j gallo winery as pinot noir . the mislabeling resulted in a french court convicting twelve people for fraud .
pinot noir wine is considered particularly difficult to make well . american law requires that wine sold as being from a single varietal must be at least 75 % composed of the grape in question , and within the european union , the requirement is a minimum of 85 % . accordingly , many american winemakers add less expensive but more robust merlot and syrah to improve the mainstream appeal of inexpensive pinot noir . california wine brands often sell pinot noir from france , italy , chile , and germany , because it is less expensive to produce there than locally . as a result of the blending and importation practices , wine sold as pinot noir often does not have the characteristic taste of the grape , and can easily be confused by consumers and experts for other varietals .
the scheme was discovered during an audit of ducasse wine merchants . french investigators were suspicious that the firm was buying pinot noir wine at 40 % less than the going rate , in quantities that exceeded the historical production level of the region .
the scandal , described as the largest in french winemaking in recent years , was a public relations
nightmare
that hurt the credibility of the red bicyclette brand , and of french wine production generally , at least in the united states . pinot noir had gained some recognition and popularity among american consumers , in large part due to a conceit in the 2004 independent film sideways that it was superior to merlot wine . as a result , consumers had been willing to pay more for the supposedly superior grape . the british press used the occasion to scoff at american consumers for their supposed lack of sophistication in wine . in march , 2010 , a wine writer for the san francisco chronicle coined the name
pinotgate
to describe the scandal .
gallo denied any prior knowledge of the fraud and was not accused of complicity . it has been accused by some of not sufficiently overseeing the quality and authenticity of wine purchased from suppliers . a class - action lawsuit was filed against gallo in connection with selling the mislabeled bottles .
nobody was hurt by the austrian tampering but the same can’t be said of a similar , but lethal , scandal which came to light in italy in 1986 . at least twenty three people died when they drank odore barbera , a wine from the north of italy dubbed ‘poison plonk’ by time magazine , which was contaminated with methyl alcohol ( another ingredient of antifreeze ! ) .
the austrians and italians are not alone in adulterating wine . there is a wine spread practice of ‘watering down’ wine , know as jesus units , generally to bring down the alcohol level . it’s also not unheard of to find that an ‘exclusive’ wine is in fact not 100 % the real mccoy but has been blended with other less prestigious wines . burgundy wines for example have been analysed to reveal they have been blended with less expensive red wines ; in 2006 vins georges duboeuf was found guilty of just that , blending in lower grade wine with much better - quality crus and labelling it cru beaujolais .
scandals aren’t confined to the old world , it seems everyone is in on the game . there have been reported cases in asia of lafit or petrus which turned out to be wine from gaochang or shandong province . but probably the biggest ‘fake’ scandal in asia was between 2007 - 2010 when 400 , 000 bottles of mont tauch fitou aoc were imported , supposedly from france . suspicions were raised by the mont tauch team in asia when they heard reports of it being sold at an inexplicably low price – it turned out to be south american bulk wine in very well faked packaging !
friday supper : braised lamb shanks with crushed herb potatoes . served with excelsior cabernet sauvignon
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a french court found 12 executives guilty of selling the equivalent of 18 million bottles of cheaper wine as pinot noir . the buyer was california’s e & j gallo for their red bicyclette brand , which sells for about $ 9 a bottle .
afp reports that generic red wines fetched 45 euros ( about $ 62 ) per one hundred liters while the premium pinot noir fetched 97 euros . one of the firms involved had been paying 58 euros for the wines it sold to gallo . the accused made seven million euros ( $ 9 . 5 million ) in the scheme .
gallo issued a statement saying that they were “deeply disappointed” to learn of the fraud at one of their suppliers . the statement continued : “we believe that the only french pinot noir that was potentially misrepresented to us would have been the 2006 vintage and prior . ” they also added that there was no health risk and that they would be withdrawing the wine from the market .


smiling start is a social venture by thalia technologies private limited , headquartered in mumbai , india .

it encourages philanthropy through brand posters and member participation by channelizing the money spent on online advertising towards charity .

so every indian citizen with just a computer and internet has a tool to do charity with no cost .

its aim is to empower people to do-well by being the conduit between brands and their audience .

at present , smilingstart has tied-up with three charities namely , the akshaya patra , naandi foundation - project nanhi kali and pratham .

internet users sign-up with smilingstart , choose a charity to support and make smilingstart as their start page ; every day supporters receive a beautifully designed brand poster and 75 % of the advertisement fees that smilingstart charges marketers get donated to the chosen charity .

smilingstart

enjoy # friday . # quotes that inspire , amaze & do good . # smilingstart . com
do good , be good with smilingstart . com . know how much good your startpage can do . urltoken
tell me and i forget , teach me and i remember , involve me and i learn . # smilingstart
smilingstart , thalia technologies ltd . , 380 , 3rd floor , happy home , matunga , maharashtra , india 400019
smilingstart on twitter :
@ creativect join urltoken and support charities without spending a penny from your pocket .
mother - in - laws gone senile & stares through the window all day . if it rains i’ll let her back in
@ dannorman2 # smilingstart # cheerschegs
the founder - ceo of the business , tejas sangoi , says it is their goal to reach 1 , 00 , 000 users in indian alone . he claims , with such an audience size smilingstart can raise close to rs 5 crore for its partner charities each year .
smilingstart has partnered with three prominent charities – the akshaya patra foundation , k . c mahindra education trust and pratham . as we write this , 150 + people have already signed up enabling 353 mid day meals for school kids , 190 days of education for under privileged girls and 252 days of shelter for street kids .
smilingstart is a self funded startup venture of thalia technologies pvt ltd which is a profit driven organization with an intense social objective . tejas argues that – “the profit motive encourages efficiency and innovation and the social motive brings satisfaction of contributing to the society . we strive to maximize every cent of investment and minimize expenses incurred in creating and delivering value” . the project is funded by his personal savings and family funds .
the wallpapers are sponsored by various brands which pays money to have its wallpaper displayed on the user homepage . once user get started supporting smilingstart . com , the user than need to select one charity program , then after every new wallpaper which says something about any brand will be displayed on daily basis , the brands will than be charged for each day . 75 % of the revenue is then donated to the charity selected by the users .
“educate a man , you educate one person , educate a woman , you educate a complete family . ”
reports estimate that more than 50 percent of girls in india fail to enroll in school and those who do are likely to drop out by the age of 12 .
as in a series of other aspects , the girl child is also discriminated against extensively in the right to education , even basic at times .
lack of education denies the girl child , the knowledge and skills needed to advance their status . education enables the child to realize her full potential , to think , question and judge independently ; to be a wise decision - maker , develop civic sense and learn to respect , love his fellow human beings and to be a good citizen .
figures also report that there is discrimination even in the field of higher education . at least a 40 % of girls are not allowed to pursue higher studies , due to the conservative familial ideologies .
in 1994 , the government of india passed a universal female education bill that offers parents incentives for access and punishment for keeping a girl out of school .
in another important initiative , the government also announced free and reduced cost education for girls . the program has been designed with the aim to offer free education at high school level to all girls of single child families .
the offer also includes provisions for fellowships of us $ 45 per month for those undertaking post - graduate studies .
receive beautiful images and raise funds for charity every time you open a new tab page for browsing .
images that amaze . watch the full gallery of a stunning swimming act . urltoken
india · the best startpage that you ' ll have . be inspired , amazed & do good
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urltoken
welcome to our careers section . please review the positions we are currently hiring for and apply to the ones that interest you .
we are looking for individuals that love working on the web , can think independently and want to express themselves through creative marketing . we offer an opportunity for such a marketing enthusiast to take up the challenge of implementing an innovative social media campaign , in a fast - paced , fun - loving , entrepreneurial environment .
create campaigns to help us gain followers and extend our messages , generate new ideas for social media integration across all distribution platforms and research news and trends in social / new media .
manage day - to - day operations of the brands’ social media presence , including working with team members to engage and grow the social media audience .
online advocacy , writing editorial , community outreach efforts , promotions , blogging , engaging in online dialogue etc .
demonstrated ability in crafting & developing compelling audience - specific messages and tools ( videos , customer success stories , presentations , demos , how to guides etc . ) , to be used on the web , live events and in content marketing campaigns
a young mumbai based social entrepreneur has launched an innovative charitable fundraising movement that allows internet users to contribute towards causes without spending a rupee called urltoken .
in this new unique concept users don’t have to pay anything at all , simply set urltoken as their browser homepage and each day receive a beautiful wallpaper which is actually an advertisement .
to get started with this concept you don’t have to download or install anything on you computer you just need internet connection to get new visually appealing wallpapers . users can even track their donations over a period of time and see the exact impact they have incurred .
like this content ? sign up for our daily newsletter to get latest updates .
every venture is not about capital ! independent digital media & free press is supported solely by contribution from individuals like you . unlike other digital media entities in india , urltoken do not take a cent from business , investors or political parties , so your contribution makes a big difference and helps us stay independent without any equity to investors - - contribute
vardaan : founding editor at indianweb2 , he ' s been writing at indianweb2 since 2007 . apart from blogging he had a professional career of software developer , ux developer and search engine marketer in past . his vision of indianweb2 has been laid down so as to showcase , encourage and propagate indian startups , innovation and entrepreneurship ideas .
this is a b2c idea , and it takes a lot of marketing / publicity to get good traction in the b2c space .
revenues are from advertising , and it is very difficult to make money from advertising in india . and the user numbers have to be huge before you start making good money .
what you have going for you is the whole 75 % goes to charity angle . that will make it easier to convince people to install and use your screen , as well as to promote / evangelize it . but it ' s still going to be tough , because you ' re competing with pinterest , instagram and even facebook .
figure out some way of segmenting your audience by demographics and interests . maybe you can have channels ( photos of nature , sports , celebrities , news ) that people can subscribe to .
see if people are interested in more than simple pretty photos . a ' thought for the day ' channel . this can broaden the appeal and at the same time allow you to target the ads properly .
create
share this photo with my friends
functionality . ( you want to go viral , right ? ) create incentives in the system to share ( i . e . by default , 75 % of the revenue from you goes to the charities you pick , but if you ' re sharing at the
bronze
level this month , then it is 80 % , and if your sharing is at the
silver
level then 85 % etc . the actual numbers don ' t matter so much - just the they should know that more sharing means that the number increases . )
how about a facebook strategy ? a facebook page with a new image everyday , and incentives for sharing . . .
toptal matches top startups with experts in fundraising , financial modeling , forecasting , and more .
the feedback you provide will help us show you more relevant content in the future .
, ceo of sendlinks , customer acquisition app to help you get first 1000 customers .
so , you want me to open my web browser to an equivalent of a full - page magazine advertisement . . . . i am not sure how i feel about that . : ) on the other hand , your risk is non - existent , except for copyright violations , since there is no cost to operate this . what you could do to avoid copyright issues is pull images from nasa ' s library and similar sources . those are interesting and in public domain .
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thursday , february 18 , 2016 . at the idea showcase i sold 4 paintings so i am up to 14 dollars ! if i sell all my paintings i will have 36 dollars and if i sell all the the photos overall i will have 341 dollars ! i am going to have a fundraiser with scarlett we don ' t know what we are going to do yet but we are going to figure out i need money for my paint and other art supplies . i am going to donate the money i raise to some charities ! i hope you like my art and buy it ! wednesday , february 10 , 2016 .
friday , january 29 , 2016 . subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) . view my complete profile . my inspiration for my project is my grandma and mo . the ideathis project is based on what i wanna do w . picture window theme . powered by blogger .
wednesday , february 10 , 2016 . right now for my project i am buying canvas ' s so i can paint on them and then sell them ! i am also taking as many pictures as i can and i will get those printed out and on the poster board . they will be ready to sell at the upcoming event for 20 % time ! i will start selling there . i am also making my board for that it is taking a little longer than i thought but i will get it done ! subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) . view my complete profile .
friday , january 29 , 2016 . wednesday , january 27 , 2016 . thursday , january 21 , 2016 . subscribe to : posts ( atom ) . view my complete profile . my inspiration for my project is my grandma and mo . the ideathis project is based on what i wanna do w . picture window theme . powered by blogger .
thursday , february 18 , 2016 . at the idea showcase i sold 4 paintings so i am up to 14 dollars ! if i sell all my paintings i will have 36 dollars and if i sell all the the photos overall i will have 341 dollars ! i am going to have a fundraiser with scarlett we don ' t know what we are going to do yet but we are going to figure out i need money for my paint and other art supplies . i am going to donate the money i raise to some charities ! i hope you like my art and buy it ! subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) .
a
20 % time
learning environment for middle school students . tuesday , may 19 , 2015 . kellen ' s student ted talk . subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) . headbands for hearts ( hannah g ) . headbands for hearts ( anna ) . the little red rider . 20 % forms and documents . 20 % time forms and documents . subscribe to harmonized learning . the teen lit review . tlr radio - episode 41 . we learn in stories . cecilys student ted talk . evans student ted talk . maurion and adrians student ted talk . aireionas student ted talk . track . . .
a
20 % time
learning environment for middle school students . tuesday , may 19 , 2015 . fiona ' s student ted talk . subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) . headbands for hearts ( hannah g ) . headbands for hearts ( anna ) . the little red rider . 20 % forms and documents . 20 % time forms and documents . subscribe to harmonized learning . the teen lit review . tlr radio - episode 41 . we learn in stories . cecilys student ted talk . evans student ted talk . maurion and adrians student ted talk . aireionas student ted talk . track d . . .
a
20 % time
learning environment for middle school students . tuesday , may 19 , 2015 . evan ' s student ted talk . subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) . headbands for hearts ( hannah g ) . headbands for hearts ( anna ) . the little red rider . 20 % forms and documents . 20 % time forms and documents . subscribe to harmonized learning . the teen lit review . tlr radio - episode 41 . we learn in stories . cecilys student ted talk . evans student ted talk . maurion and adrians student ted talk . aireionas student ted talk . track da . . .
a
20 % time
learning environment for middle school students . tuesday , may 19 , 2015 . liam , carter and evan ' s student ted talk . subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) . headbands for hearts ( hannah g ) . headbands for hearts ( anna ) . the little red rider . 20 % forms and documents . 20 % time forms and documents . subscribe to harmonized learning . the teen lit review . tlr radio - episode 41 . we learn in stories . cecilys student ted talk . evans student ted talk . maurion and adrians student ted talk . 2015 student ted ta . . .
a
20 % time
learning environment for middle school students . tuesday , may 19 , 2015 . zoran ' s student ted talk . subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) . headbands for hearts ( hannah g ) . headbands for hearts ( anna ) . the little red rider . 20 % forms and documents . 20 % time forms and documents . subscribe to harmonized learning . the teen lit review . tlr radio - episode 41 . we learn in stories . cecilys student ted talk . evans student ted talk . maurion and adrians student ted talk . aireionas student ted talk . track d . . .
a
20 % time
learning environment for middle school students . tuesday , may 19 , 2015 . claire ' s student ted talk . subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) . headbands for hearts ( hannah g ) . headbands for hearts ( anna ) . the little red rider . 20 % forms and documents . 20 % time forms and documents . subscribe to harmonized learning . the teen lit review . tlr radio - episode 41 . we learn in stories . cecilys student ted talk . evans student ted talk . maurion and adrians student ted talk . aireionas student ted talk . track . . .
a
20 % time
learning environment for middle school students . tuesday , may 19 , 2015 . christian ' s student ted talk . subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) . headbands for hearts ( hannah g ) . headbands for hearts ( anna ) . the little red rider . 20 % forms and documents . 20 % time forms and documents . subscribe to harmonized learning . the teen lit review . tlr radio - episode 41 . we learn in stories . cecilys student ted talk . evans student ted talk . maurion and adrians student ted talk . aireionas student ted talk .
a
20 % time
learning environment for middle school students . tuesday , may 19 , 2015 . cecily ' s student ted talk . subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) . headbands for hearts ( hannah g ) . headbands for hearts ( anna ) . the little red rider . 20 % forms and documents . 20 % time forms and documents . subscribe to harmonized learning . the teen lit review . tlr radio - episode 41 . we learn in stories . cecilys student ted talk . evans student ted talk . maurion and adrians student ted talk . aireionas student ted talk . track . . .
a
20 % time
learning environment for middle school students . tuesday , may 19 , 2015 . maurion and adrian ' s student ted talk . subscribe to : post comments ( atom ) . headbands for hearts ( hannah g ) . headbands for hearts ( anna ) . the little red rider . 20 % forms and documents . 20 % time forms and documents . subscribe to harmonized learning . the teen lit review . tlr radio - episode 41 . we learn in stories . cecilys student ted talk . evans student ted talk . maurion and adrians student ted talk . evans student ted talk .
a
20 % time
learning environment for middle school students . friday , may 29 , 2015 . this week , the webster - kirkwood times wrote an article about our 20 % time program . we are so proud of our kiddos and their projects . the link to the story is here : news story . tuesday , may 19 , 2015 . cecily ' s student ted talk . evan ' s student ted talk . maurion and adrian ' s student ted talk . aireiona ' s student ted talk . evan ' s student ted talk . sam and paul ' s student ted talk . liam , carter and evan ' s student ted talk . ethan ' . . .
earth days pbs documentary . the inspiring story of the modern environmental movement .
. stephanie mills : fellow , biodiversity and bioregionalism . stephanie mills in concert . an evening of lively discussion about a life of writing , reading , and thinking . produced by tom slater . articles by stephanie mills . stephanie mills ' s convocation talk . youtube video of stephanie mills at the 2009 mills college convocation . stephanie mills papers , 1965 - 2006 . on gandhi s path . keywords : memoir , northwoods , nature writ . . .
the latest news from smilow design . smilow design becomes a supporting member of beoriginal . smilow design llc is proud to be a supporting member of be original , an initiative conceived to bring awareness to the topic of original design , to illustrate how creativity enriches our lives , and to support authenticity as something we should care about as individuals . the founding members of be original are ten of the most [ … ] . smilow furniture featured in interior design spring 2015 market tabloid issue .
aec v1 . 0 . 4 . それなのに、 いつの間にか ミスしたくない ミスしませんように またミスする気がする といった、ネガティブな思考でゴルフをやってしまっている人の何と多いことでしょう。 powered by wishlist member - membership site software .
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the lost and hidden connection between religions . what is really going to happen in the year 2012 ? light age ( transition into satyuga ) . i am a ordinary human being like you . we all are one in this whole creation . we feel seprateness through individual identity which is for experiencing the creation . we have to realize through experience that we all are one at core of our being . view my complete profile . posted by light age ( transition into satyuga ) . there is a council of light masters under whom all mast . . .
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polmin ( english : state factory of mineral oils , polish : państwowa fabryka olejów mineralnych ) was a polish state-owned enterprise , which controlled excavation , transport and distribution of natural gas .

founded in 1909 , it was nationalized in 1927 , with main office in lwow .

polmin operated a large oil refinery in drohobych , which in late 1930s employed around 3000 people .

the refinery purified oil extracted from rich fields of southern part of the second polish republic ( gorlice , boryslaw , jasło , and drohobych ) .

some polish-language sources claim that polmin refinery in drohobycz was in late 1930s the biggest in europe .

polmin

in 1880 , the most common polmin occupation in the usa was laborer . 100 % of polmin ' s were laborers .
polmin and galicia oil refineries | cia foia ( foia . cia . gov )
census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your polmin ancestors , such as occupation . occupation can tell you about your ancestor ' s social and economic status .
census records can give you a fascinating window into the day - to - day lives of your polmin ancestors - like hours worked per week , level of education , veteran status , employers , and more .
an unusually short lifespan might indicate that your polmin ancestors lived in harsh conditions . a short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family . the ssdi is a searchable database of more than 70 million names . you can find birthdates , death dates , addresses and more .
sanitized copy approved for release 2011 / 09 / 01 : cia - rdp80 - 00809a000600060091 - 5 classification c0j > r ' idp . ri l central intelligence agency information report puce acquired date acquired by sourc ~ date 0f ' inp ) 4ation : ' source 25x1 report cd no . date distr . / 7 jun 1954 no . of pages 2 i . . stare i ' cr mineral oils . polmin ( panstwowa rafinirja olsiow m nera loral ) was called enoth _ il 1939 . during the soviet occupation
today drohobych is one of the largest industrial centers of lviv oblast . it has highly developed petroleum - refining industry , machine building , woodworking industry , light industry , and food industry . the most important plants are the npk halychyna ( a petroleum refinery built out of the halychyna plant of 1863 and the polmin plant of 1909–12 ) , a gas - appliances plant , an automotive - crane plant , a gas - and petroleum - machinery plant , a salt refinery , a potassium plant , an alcohol distillery , a canning factory , a meat - packing plant , a bakery complex , a clothes factory , and a ceramics plant . the drohobych pedagogical university ( founded in 1940 and named in honor of ivan franko ) , a branch of the lviv polytechnic national university , and the drohobych design institute are located in drohobych . the town also has the lviv oblast academic ukrainian music and drama theater ( founded in 1939 ) , a philharmonic , and a regional studies museum . among its architectural monuments are two wooden churches : saint george ' s church , with its bell tower , and the elevation of the cross church ( 17th century ) ; the saint bartholomew roman catholic church ( 15th century gothic ) ; and the church of the basilian fathers ( 18th century ) , which was dismantled by the soviets .
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drohobych ( дрогобич ; drohobyč ) . map : iv - 4 . city ( 2015 pop 76 , 795 ) in subcarpathia on the tysmenytsia river ; the center of the drohobych - boryslav industrial region in lviv oblast . the population of drohobych was 32 , 300 in 1931 , 42 , 000 in 1959 , and 56 , 000 in 1970 . the town probably existed in the kyivan rus’ period . it was first mentioned in documents in the second half of the 14th century . in 1496 it received magdeburg law . under the polish commonwealth drohohobych was the center of a large rural county ( starostvo ) . in the 14th–16th century a large salt industry and trade developed . from the beginning of the 17th century a ukrainian catholic brotherhood was active in the town . after austria ' s annexation of galicia , one of the two urban ukrainian schools in galicia was located in drohobych from 1775 to 1830 . in the middle of the 19th century ozokerite began to be mined , and then oil and natural gas . petroleum refineries were built at the beginning of this century . the influx of foreigners who worked in industry and trade changed the composition of drohobych ' s population : in 1869 , of the town ' s 16 , 880 inhabitants 28 . 7 percent were ukrainian , 23 . 2 percent were polish or roman catholic , and 47 . 7 percent were jewish ; in 1939 , when the population was 34 , 600 , the respective figures were 26 . 3 percent , 33 . 2 percent , and 39 . 9 percent . until 1939 drohobych was a ukrainian national and cultural center , with a ukrainian gymnasium , music school , and basilian monastery . in 1939–41 and 1944–59 the town was the capital of drohobych oblast , which later became incorporated into lviv oblast . by 1959 ukrainians constituted 70 percent of the town ' s population ; russians , 22 percent ; poles , 3 percent ; and jews , 2 percent .
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historically , surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation , place of origin , clan affiliation , patronage , parentage , adoption , and even physical characteristics ( like red hair ) . many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to britain and ireland .
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the rise of globalisation since the second world war has entailed not only large movements of goods and capital across european borders but also mass migration . by 2005 , 8 . 6 per cent of the inhabitants in eu - 25 countries were foreign - born . the issue of how best to integrate socially these often ethnically and religiously diverse peoples has become an important subject of debate both within individual nations and at the level of the commission of the european communities . often forgotten , however , is the fact that this dilemma is not new . this project will provide original insights into minority integration through a comparative historical case study . it takes as its focus the polish minorities living within german and austro - hungarian borders during the first world war . in the forty years before 1914 , these two states had adopted diametrically opposed policies to win poles’ loyalties : whereas german governments had pursued obtrusive campaigns of cultural and linguistic assimilation , austria - hungary had granted extensive political and cultural autonomy . by comparing poles’ readiness to defend these states in 1914 , as well as their subsequent commitment to their rulers’ war efforts , the study will assess which method of integration proved more successful . two further outcomes , contributing to two interdisciplinary academic debates , are also expected from this research . firstly , by examining poles’ attitudes and conduct during the years 1914 - 18 , the project will shed light on the growth of polish national identity in the early twentieth century and engage with sociological and political scientific literature on the relationship between war and the rise of national consciousnesses . secondly , by evaluating the performance of polish troops fighting for fatherlands which were not their own , the study will help to resolve the longstanding scholarly controversy about the importance of ideological beliefs , especially patriotism , for martial efficiency .
administrative contact : tomasz kizwalter tel . : + 48225520415 fax : + 48228261988 e - mail
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