radiation dosimetry in the fields of health physics and radiation protection is the measurement , calculation and assessment of the ionizing radiation dose absorbed by the human body .

this applies both internally , due to ingested or inhaled radioactive substances , or externally due to irradiation by sources of radiation .

internal dosimetry assessment relies on a variety of monitoring , bio-assay or radiation imaging techniques , whilst external dosimetry is based on measurements with a dosimeter , or inferred from measurements made by other radiological protection instruments .

dosimetry is used extensively for radiation protection and is routinely applied to monitor occupational radiation workers , where irradiation is expected , or where radiation is unexpected , such as in the aftermath of the three mile island , chernobyl or fukushima radiological release incidents .

the public dose take-up is measured and calculated from a variety of indicators such as ambient measurements of gamma radiation , radioactive articulate monitoring , and the measurement of levels of radioactive contamination .

other significant areas are medical dosimetry , where the required treatment absorbed dose and any collateral absorbed dose is monitored , and in environmental dosimetry , such as radon monitoring in buildings .

dosimetry

for help with dosimetry report interpretation , refer to the radiation dosimetry report explanation .
modern all in one tld dosimetry solution for personal , clinical & environmental dosimetry .
lens of eye dose is normally derived from whole body dosimetry unless supplemental dosimetry is provided for direct monitoring of the lens of the eye .
adding or changing dosimetry complete the “radiation safety program dosimetry request rsd - 70” and send , fax , or email it to the radiation safety division .
phe monitor newsletter with the latest news and information from the personal dosimetry service .
radiation dosimetry and intraoral radiographic techniques . ii . internal and external dose measurements .
mird pamphlet no . 21 : a generalized schema for radiopharmaceutical dosimetry—standardization of nomenclature .
provide a diploma from medical dosimetry jrcert accredited program of at least 12 months .
uw - la crosse sponsors the only medical dosimetry program in the nation that offers online distance education for dosimetry students using the desire2learn e - learning course management system .
dosimetry is often used to monitor personnel working with radioactive materials or patients receiving radiotherapy .
be a graduate of a medical dosimetry jrcert accredited program of at least 12 months .
in support of efforts to keep occupational radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable ( alara ) , the dosimetry badge program operates under the alara policy , which establishes criteria for dosimetry badge monitoring , dose assessment , and response to occupational radiation dosimetry badge results .
dixon rl , ekstrand ke . a film dosimetry system for use in computed tomography .
natural background radiation dosimetry in the highest altitude region of iran . - pubmed - ncbi
dual - concentration students cannot take medical dosimetry in their first year . interested dual - concentration students must take radiation therapy their first year , as a prerequisite to medical dosimetry .
medical dosimetry is a growing field and we offer a master of science degree in medical dosimetry . our online medical dosimetry program provides students the knowledge and expertise they need to generate radiation dose distributions and dose calculations when working in collaboration with medical physicists and radiation oncologists .
the aapm / rsna physics tutorial for residents : internal radiation dosimetry : principles and applications .
address other critical and timely dosimetry issues that may impact the current practice of nuclear medicine .
hanford technical basis for multiple dosimetry effective dose methodology ( technical report ) | osti . gov
the iaea dosimetry laboratory is dedicated to helping the capacity building of member states in dosimetry . by developing and maintaining measurement standards , providing dosimetry calibration services , postal dose audits and training and education opportunities , cancer patients around the world are better able to receive safe and effective treatment .
hansen vn , evans pm , swindell w . the application of transit dosimetry to precision radiotherapy .
for more information regarding accreditation of medical dosimetry programs , visit the jrcert web site at urltoken .
photon plus neutron whole body doses from mother’s whole body dosimetry ( abdomen / torso area ) .
moore mm , cacak rk , hendee wr . a multisegmented ion chamber for ct scanner dosimetry .
radiation dosimetry and intraoral radiographic techniques . ii . internal and external dose measurements . - pubmed - ncbi
mird pamphlet no . 22 : radiobiology and dosimetry of alpha - particle emitters for targeted radionuclide therapy .
the neutron module connected to the dmc 3000 provides operational dosimetry where there is a neutron radiation risk .
on request , the dosimetry service can provide you , your medical practitioner or your institute or employer with dosimetry reports , usually via the radiation protection expert . if you own a radiation passport , the dosimetry service can complete this document with the dose values recorded during your stay at cern . for members of the personnel leaving cern , a swiss radiation passport containing your cern dosimetry records can be established on request .
mird pamphlet no . 20 : the effect of model assumptions on kidney dosimetry and response—implications for radionuclide therapy .
after successful completion of the medical dosimetry program and six months of work experience , students are eligible to apply to take the medical dosimetry certification exam . the exam is held in various locations throughout the united states every year in june . the medical dosimetry certification board ( mdcb ) is the credentialing body for the certification exam
the beta module connected to the dmc 3000 , provides operational dosimetry where there is a beta radiation risk .
the idea is that by encouraging countries to use a unique dosimetry protocol , together with an instrument whose calibration is traceable to national standards , dosimetry—or the determination of radiation doses—will be highly consistent . consistency in dosimetry at the national level is critical for quality radiotherapy treatment and supports sound clinical trial studies for comparing various types of treatment modalities .
research for new dosimetry systems ( optical , esr , calorimetry , chemical , electrical systems , . . . )
the aapm / rsna physics tutorial for residents : internal radiation dosimetry : principles and applications . - pubmed - ncbi
if you have any questions on these quantities or your aord report , please email dosimetry _ questions @ urltoken .
the dosimetry service is provided by the radiation protection group of the occupational health & safety and environmental protection unit .
cherpak a , ding w , hallil a , cygler je . evaluation of a novel 4d in vivo dosimetry system .
mird pamphlet no . 22 ( abridged ) : radiobiology and dosimetry of α - particle emitters for targeted radionuclide therapy .
jucius ra , kambic gx . radiation dosimetry in computed tomography . in : gray je , hendee wr , eds .
rothenberg ln , pentlow ks . ct dosimetry and radiation safety . in : goldman lw , fowlkes jb , eds .
ssdl in latvia is official member of the worldwide iaea / who network of secondary standard dosimetry laboratories ( ssdls ) .
tools used for dosimetry and commissioning must be carefully selected . equal care must be taken to setup and use these tools properly , otherwise incorrect information could be used with serious consequences . it is with this understanding that sun nuclear designs dosimetry solutions .
an interactive internet - based application has been developed which implements the kidney dosimetry model described in mird pamphlet no . 20 .
hosseini pooya s , orouji t . evaluation of effective sources in uncertainty measurements of personal dosimetry by a harshaw tld system .
shope tb , morgan tj , showalter ck , et al . radiation dosimetry survey of computed tomography systems from ten manufacturers .
mird head and brain dosimetry ( 1999 ) addresses available neuroimaging applications in nuclear medicine internal dosimetry for both children and adults . contains comprehensive tables of absorbed fractions and s values for all models and radiopharmaceuticals , along with steps for verifying calculations and tabulations .
the mission of the medical dosimetry program and the department of radiologic sciences is to provide a comprehensive education preparing students for entry - level practice into medical dosimetry , as competent , caring professionals , cultivating professionalism , interprofessional practice and life - long learning .
renal dosimetry : ready for biological equivalent dose ? response to medical internal radiation dose and european association of nuclear medicine committee letters .
photon and beta ( i . e . , “shallow” ) dose at 0 . 07 mm tissue depth from whole body dosimetry .
accuracy of effective dose estimation in personal dosimetry : a comparison between single - badge and double - badge methods and the mosfet method .
photon and beta dose at 0 . 07 mm depth from direct monitoring of extremities ( e . g . , wrist dosimetry ) .
advice on solving alfa , beta , gamma and x - ray dosimeter / radiometer testing and calibration issues ; consultations about room dosimetry .
dosimetry is the study , measurement , method of measurement , or instrument of measurement of radiation dose . dosimetry often refers to the status of wearing a personnel badge that measures and monitors dose . it may also refer to dose history and the records where dose history is maintained .
what made you want to look up dosimetry ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
liu pz , suchowerska n , abolfathi p , mckenzie dr . real - time scintillation array dosimetry for radiotherapy : the advantages of photomultiplier detectors .
compile , evaluate and disseminate data needed to implement standardized internal dosimetry methods including radionuclide decay properties and emissions , energy absorbed fractions and anatomic models .
provide peer - reviewed evaluations of proposed new dosimetry models and methods including correlating dose with biological response for cellular , animal and clinical trials data .
core tip : treatment outcome in radiotherapy is highly dependent on the dose delivered to the tumor volume with minimal dose to the surrounding critical structures . real - time dosimetry plays a crucial role in assessing the accuracy of dose delivered to patients undergoing radiotherapy . several radiotherapy accidents would have been avoided if real - time dosimetry was part of the radiotherapy treatment procedure . this article highlights different approaches to assess real - time dosimetry in external beam radiotherapy .
lancaster cm , crosbie jc , davis sr . in - vivo dosimetry from total body irradiation patients ( 2000 - 2006 ) : results and analysis .
expert group on dosimetry , swiss federal commission for radiological protection and monitoring of radioactivity in the environment , bern , switzerland . daniel . frei @ urltoken
* clinical medical dosimetry experience is defined as full - time paid employment in a medical setting creating clinically deliverable treatment plans for radiation oncology patients under the direction of a physicist or cmd . this does not include corporate / vendor experience . the clinical experience must not be concurrent with the dosimetry schooling .
a 3d setting of tld cards has been calibrated isotropically in a standard radiation field to evaluate the improvement of the accuracy of measurement for environmental dosimetry .
the table below describes how the various components of measured and assessed dose quantities are compiled into the results shown on the annual occupational radiation dosimetry report .
the prd module connected to the dmc 3000 provides radiation counting information for source and hot spot location assessment , while providing dosimetry protection to the operator .
renal dosimetry : ready for biological equivalent dose ? response to medical internal radiation dose and european association of nuclear medicine com . . . - pubmed - ncbi
accuracy of effective dose estimation in personal dosimetry : a comparison between single - badge and double - badge methods and the mosfet method . - pubmed - ncbi
system is operated by pnnl’s hanford external dosimetry program which provides dosimetry services to all hanford contractors . the primary users of this manual are doe and doe contractors at hanford using the dosimetry services of pnnl . development and maintenance of this manual is funded directly by doe and doe contractors . its contents have been reviewed and approved by doe and doe contractors at hanford through the hanford personnel dosimetry advisory committee which is chartered and chaired by doe - rl and serves as means of coordinating dosimetry practices across contractors at hanford . this manual was established in 1996 . since inception , it has been revised many times and maintained by pnnl as a controlled document with controlled distribution . rev . 0 marks the first revision to be released through pnnl’s electronic records & information capture architecture ( erica ) database .
what is medical dosimetry ? the field of medical dosimetry involves the measurement and calculation of dose for the treatment of cancer patients . dosimetrists use their knowledge of physics , anatomy , and radiobiology to develop an optimal arrangement of radiation portals to spare normal and radiosensitive tissues while applying a prescribed dose to the targeted disease volume .
for current vanderbilt radiation workers , dosimetry badge results are available online through the badge vendor’s website . please refer to these instructions to access your individual dose report .
the hanford external dosimetry technical basis manual pnl - ma - 842 documents the design and implementation of the external dosimetry system used at hanford . the manual describes the dosimeter design , processing protocols , dose calculation methodology , radiation fields encountered , dosimeter response characteristics , limitations of dosimeter design under field conditions , and makes recommendations for effective use of the dosimeters in the field . the manual describes the technical basis for the dosimetry system in a manner intended to help ensure defensibility of the dose of record at hanford and to demonstrate compliance with 10 cfr 835 , doelap , doe - rl , orp , pnso , and hanford contractor requirements . the dosimetry
photon and beta ( i . e . , “shallow” ) dose at 0 . 07 mm depth and neutron dose from whole body dosimetry when no direct monitoring occurred .
mats isaksson ( october 21st 2011 ) . environmental dosimetry – measurements and calculations , radioisotopes nirmal singh , intechopen , doi : 10 . 5772 / 22731 . available from :
tld cards are widely used as personal dosimeters for individual monitoring . however , it can be used for environmental monitoring due to its special characteristics in dosimetry [ 1 ] .
a new setting of tld cards has been introduced to achieve a more accurate environmental dosimetry . the system has been calibrated isotropically , and tested in a real radiation field .
thermo scientific tld materials are suitable for health and medical physics , gamma , beta , neutron , environmental , and high - dose dosimetry applications , depending on material type .
mird decay schemes 2nd edition ( 2008 ) this updated edition of mird : radionuclide data and decay schemes is an essential sourcebook for radiation dosimetry and understanding the properties of radionuclides .
hill , robin l . , & rathbone , bruce a . hanford technical basis for multiple dosimetry effective dose methodology . united states . doi : 10 . 2172 / 1028093 .
this document addresses the need to establish a reasonable methodology for establishing alarm points for electronic dosimetry used by the hanford fire department ( hfd ) for emergency response in radiological facilities .
this article , the second in a series of continuing education articles on the principles of ct , focuses first on ct dosimetry and radiation dose and then on ct image quality .
after having worked for almost twenty years as a radiation therapist at the indiana university ( iu ) radiation oncology department , jason returned to school to complete his bachelor’s degree and ct certification . he subsequently pursued his graduate certificate in medical dosimetry at indiana university’s medical dosimetry program . while completing the program , he continued to work part - time as an rt ( t ) .
the medical dosimetry program at the university of wisconsin – la crosse is committed to the education of medical dosimetrists who are knowledgeable , competent , and dedicated to their profession and their patients .
mirion technologies dosimetry services offers radiation monitoring products ( x - ray badges ) of unmatched effectiveness and true cost - savings to make sure your work environment is free from the damaging effects of radiation .
calibration of dosimetry systems according to iso / astm standards ( alanine , gex windose , gex dosestix , cta , fwt , gafchromic , gammachrome , harwell red and amber perspex , . . . )
delacroix d , guerre jp , leblanc p , hickman c . radionuclide and radiation protection data handbook 2nd edition ( 2002 ) . radiat prot dosimetry . 2002 ; 98 ( 1 ) : 9–168 .
lassmann m . , eberlein u . ( 2016 ) radiation safety and dosimetry . in : herrmann k . , nieweg o . , povoski s . ( eds ) radioguided surgery . springer , cham
stanton recalls that it was shown to them by dave georgeson , bea’s lead dosimetrist , and laurie kornacki , an internal dosimetry manager , on dec . 14 , 2011 , five weeks after the accident .
hill , robin l . , and rathbone , bruce a . sun .
hanford technical basis for multiple dosimetry effective dose methodology
. united states . doi : 10 . 2172 / 1028093 . urltoken
this webpage provides information to help you understand the dose quantities being reported to you on your annual occupational radiation dosimetry report . if you would like general information about radiation exposure , please refer to urltoken .
this course is designed for individuals who currently have or anticipate having the responsibility to implement , manage , or evaluate occupational internal dosimetry programs . participants should be familiar with basic concepts and radiation quantities and units .
environmental dosimetry involves the measurement of the impact of artificial sources of radioactivity on the environment . natural background radiation is taken into account and we use highly sensitive equipment to measure even the smallest fluctuations in radioactivity .
the angular dependency of response for tld cards may cause deviation from its true value on the results of environmental dosimetry , since tlds may be exposed to radiation at different angles of incidence from the surrounding area .
system is operated by pnnl’s hanford external dosimetry program ( hedp ) which provides dosimetry services to all hanford contractors . the primary users of this manual are doe and doe contractors at hanford using the dosimetry services of pnnl . development and maintenance of this manual is funded directly by doe and doe contractors . its contents have been reviewed and approved by doe and doe contractors at hanford through the hanford personnel dosimetry advisory committee ( hpdac ) which is chartered and chaired by doe - rl and serves as means of coordinating dosimetry practices across contractors at hanford . this manual was established in 1996 . since inception , it has been revised many times and maintained by pnnl as a controlled document with controlled distribution . the first revision to be released through pnnl’s electronic records & information capture architecture ( erica ) database was designated revision 0 . revision numbers that are whole numbers reflect major revisions typically involving changes to all chapters in the document . revision numbers that include a decimal fraction reflect minor revisions , usually restricted to selected chapters or selected pages in the document .
effective as of 2017 , all united states candidates will be required to apply as route 1 candidates holding a bachelor ' s degree and be graduates from a formal dosimetry program accredited by jrcert by the late application deadline .
the program is accredited by the joint review committee on education in radiologic technology ( jrcert ) . it meets the formal education eligibility criteria for the national certification exam following graduation as required by the medical dosimetry certification board .
get effective dose monitoring when and where you need it . we offer a variety of electronic personal radiation dosimeters , extremity dosimeters , and comprehensive dosimetry management systems to monitor your exposure to ionizing radiation in any work environment .
offers a master’s degree program that provide students with an educational foundation in medical dosimetry as well as clinical experience in a radiation oncology department . the curriculum requires online courses taken synchronously with a clinical internship at an affiliated site .
according to mark reid , past president of the american association of medical dosimetrists ( aamd ) , the demand for medical dosimetrists grows every time a new cancer center opens , making dosimetry a stable , well - compensated career .
vehs radiation safety reviews all dosimetry badge results and investigates high exposures according to the investigational level framework provided in the alara policy . each quarter , the vu and vumc radiation safety committees review a summary of radiation dose records .
hill , robin l . , and rathbone , bruce a . hanford technical basis for multiple dosimetry effective dose methodology . united states : n . p . , 2010 . web . doi : 10 . 2172 / 1028093 .
the type : menu selects the class emission type . for i - 125 , ir - 192 , pd - 103 , select gamma . for ru - 106 select beta . the dosimetry parameters for these radionuclides are discussed below :
these example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word ' dosimetry . ' views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of merriam - webster or its editors . send us feedback .
bolch we , eckerman kf , sgouros g , thomas sr . mird pamphlet no . 21 : a generalized schema for radiopharmaceutical dosimetry – standardization of nomenclature . j nucl med . 2009 ; 50 ( 3 ) : 477–84 . doi :
most of commercial tld readers have been designed based upon tld cards which are used for individual dosimetry . these cards are inclusive of tld pellets or chips which have angular dependency of response in radiation fields [ 2 , 3 ] . this angular dependency should be calculated for personal dosimetry uncertainties and compared against the trumpet curve of icrp criteria [ 4 ] . but the uncertainty cannot be developed for environmental monitoring in which low dose values and high accuracy measurements are the main objectives .
only
occupationally
exposed workers are included in the summary data presented here . this does not include radiation exposure to the environment or general public ( except for those individuals visiting a doe site that are provided dosimetry by the site ) .
the mission of southern illinois university carbondale ' s medical dosimetry program is to provide a quality program integrating education , research and service in order to meet the needs of the profession and improve the health care of the people and communities we serve .
because the determination of an absorbed dose is complex and depends on many external and internal factors , the dosimetry community—which includes the international atomic energy agency , the bureau international des poids et mesures ( bipm ) , the international commission of radiation units and measurements ( icru ) , as well as several medical physics professional societies—decided in the late sixties to standardize the procedures by creating ‘dosimetry protocols” or “codes of practices” these include details on the types of instruments to be used , measurement conditions and calculation procedures .
students must consult an admissions counselor or a radiologic sciences faculty member when choosing concentrations , to help make sure that the combination you choose is the best option for your future career . acceptance into your second year concentration of medical dosimetry is not guaranteed .
the type : menu in the dose constants dialog selects the isotope type . for i - 125 , ir - 192 , pd - 103 , select gamma . for ru - 106 select beta . the dosimetry parameters for these isotopes are discussed below :
as required by the regulations , cern reports all dosimetry data to the swiss national dose registry . if the measured doses exceed 2 msv per month , the doses are reported immediately to the swiss federal office of public health ( bag / ofsp ) .
protect your most valuable assets with a complete suite of radiation dosimeter badges , readers , and other products for reliable , accurate environmental or personal radiation monitoring . with decades of experience in bringing modern enhancements to radiation detection technology , thermo fisher scientific offers proven , comprehensive dosimetry solutions to quickly and effectively communicate critical dose information in any work environment . from electronic personal radiation dosimeters to single systems that monitor cumulative exposure to dosimetry readers that work with any whole body or extremity dosimeter , we have you covered .
medical dosimetry , the official journal of the american association of medical dosimetrists , is the key source of information on new developments for the medical dosimetrist . practical and comprehensive in coverage , the journal features original contributions and review articles by medical dosimetrists . . .
the future job market for medical dosimetry is strong . the advances in treatment planning increase the demand for qualified medical dosimetrists . wages are comparable with other healthcare professions . given the diversity and ever changing technology of the job , lifelong career satisfaction is achievable .
fiorino c , corletto d , mangili p , broggi s , bonini a , cattaneo gm , parisi r , rosso a , signorotto p , villa e , et al . quality assurance by systematic in vivo dosimetry : results on a large cohort of patients .
piermattei a , cilla s , grimaldi l , viola p , frattarolo l , d’onofrio g , craus m , fidanzio a , azario l , greco f , et al . real time transit dosimetry for the breath - hold radiotherapy technique : an initial experience .
the future job market for medical dosimetry is strong . the many advances in treatment planning increases the demand for qualified medical dosimetrists . wages are comparable with other healthcare professions . given the diversity and ever changing technology of the job , lifelong career satisfaction is achievable .
completed at least 36 months ( or 35 hours per week full time employment equivalent of 5 , 460 hours ) clinical medical dosimetry experience * within the last six years before the application deadline , under the direction of a certified medical dosimetrist or a medical physicist .
in this research , a new setting of tld cards has been developed for environmental dosimetry . the dosimeters have been calibrated isotropically in a standard radiation field . then , the response of the dosimeter has been compared with a reference instrument in a real radiation field .
standard ct dosimetry phantoms consist of cylindric acrylic phantoms with holes for dosimeter insertion at various locations . the 2 sizes are 16 cm in diameter to represent heads and small pediatric bodies and 32 cm in diameter to represent adult bodies . ( courtesy of lawrence rothenberg . )
to obtain an official copy of your occupational radiation dosimetry report from vanderbilt , complete and submit a signed dose history release request to vehs radiation safety . vanderbilt must have the signature of the individual who was monitored in order to release that person ' s radiation exposure history record .
eberlein u , broer jh , vandevoorde c , santos p , bardies m , bacher k , nosske d , lassmann m . biokinetics and dosimetry of commonly used radiopharmaceuticals in diagnostic nuclear medicine – a review . eur j nucl med mol imaging . 2011 ; 38 ( 12 ) : 2269–81 .
individual monitoring regulations in switzerland are based on the icrp60 recommendations . the annual limit of 20 msv for the effective dose applies to the sum of external and internal radiation . external radiation is monitored monthly or quarterly with tld , dis or cr - 39 dosemeters by 10 approved external dosimetry services and reported as hp ( 10 ) and hp ( 0 . 07 ) . internal monitoring is done in two steps . at the workplace , simple screening measurements are done frequently in order to recognise a possible incorporation . if a nuclide dependent activity threshold is exceeded then one of the seven approved dosimetry services for internal radiation does an incorporation measurement to assess the committed effective dose e50 . the dosimetry services report all the measured or assessed dose values to the employer and to the national dose registry . the employer records the annually accumulated dose values into the individual dose certificate of the occupationally exposed person , both the external dose hp ( 10 ) and the internal dose e50 as well as the total effective dose e = hp ( 10 ) + e50 . based on the national dose registry an annual report on the dosimetry in switzerland is published which contains the statistics for the total effective dose , as well as separate statistics for external and internal exposure .
* medical physics graduate program , duke university , durham nc 27705 ; †duke radiation dosimetry laboratory , duke university medical center , durham , nc 27710 ; ‡department of radiology , duke university medical center , durham , nc , 27710 ; §department of radiation oncology , duke university medical center , durham , nc , 27710 .
the main task of the external dosimetry services is to assess the occupational exposure due to external radiation sources . measurement techniques are available for whole body and extremity monitoring of photon , neutron and beta radiation . a large range of radiation fields in nuclear fuel cycle facilities , research facilities , medical and industrial applications as well as in emergency situations are covered . external monitoring services are provided routinely ( monitoring period of one to three months ) or on an ad - hoc basis according to the customers’ requests . currently more than 15000 dosimeters are evaluated per year . since 1981 the iaea individual monitoring services are based on a thermoluminescence dosimetry system .
mird supplement to jnm ( 1999 ) this compilation of mird pamphlet numbers 14 ( revised ) through 17 covers the urinary bladder model for radiation dose calculations , radionuclide s values in a revised dosimetric model of the adult head and brain , quantitative radiopharmaceutical biodistribution data acquisition and analysis , and the dosimetry of nonuniform activity distributions .
ct scan dosimetry has at least four dosimetric quantities with specific objectives . the medical physicist responsible for determining their values should be aware of the differences among them and able to select the one that best fits his / her purpose . the consideration about the necessity of optimization based on a single dosimetric quantity may be limited .
you can access the monthly dose values for the last 12 months and the annual dose values for all years via the hrt interface * . if you have no access to hrt or need a printed official version of your dose record , please send a message to the dosimetry service or pass by the office during opening hours .
system is operated by pnnl’s hanford external dosimetry program ( hedp ) which provides dosimetry services to all hanford contractors . the primary users of this manual are doe and doe contractors at hanford using the dosimetry services of pnnl . development and maintenance of this manual is funded directly by doe and doe contractors . its contents have been reviewed and approved by doe and doe contractors at hanford through the hanford personnel dosimetry advisory committee ( hpdac ) which is chartered and chaired by doe - rl and serves as means of coordinating dosimetry practices across contractors at hanford . this manual was established in 1996 . since inception , it has been revised many times and maintained by pnnl as a controlled document with controlled distribution . rev . 0 marks the first revision to be released through pnnl’s electronic records & information capture architecture ( erica ) database . revision numbers that are whole numbers reflect major revisions typically involving changes to all chapters in the document . revision numbers that include a decimal fraction reflect minor revisions , usually restricted to selected chapters or selected pages in the document . revision log : rev . 0 ( 2 / 25 / 2005 ) major revision and expansion . rev . 0 . 1 ( 3 / 12 / 2007 ) minor revision . updated chapters 5 , 6 and 9 to reflect change in default ring calibration factor used in hedp dose calculation software . factor changed from 1 . 5 to 2 . 0 beginning january 1 , 2007 . pages on which changes were made are as follows : 5 . 23 , 5 . 69 , 5 . 78 , 5 . 80 , 5 . 82 , 6 . 3 , 6 . 5 , 6 . 29 , 9 . 2 .
eurados working group 3 ( wg3 ) aims at providing information about the correct measurement of the ambient dose equivalent ( rate ) in the environment and has a specific subgroup ( wg3 - sg2 ) that focuses on passive environmental dosimetry . one of the initial tasks of the subgroup was to gain an overview of passive dosimetry practices in europe . on the basis of a survey carried out by this subgroup in 2013 / 2014 , information on the state - of - the - art was gained , several conclusions were drawn and some open questions have been identified , e . g . the harmonization in the terminology , uncertainty assessment procedures and corrections of measured values by passive dosemeters due to transport and climate .
imba® ( integrated modules for bioassay analysis ) professional plus is a suite of software modules for internal dosimetry . it implements all of the biokinetic and dosimetric models currently recommended by the international commission on radiological protection ( icrp ) . it also enables the users to specify their own parameter values and apply sophisticated data handling techniques to their customised internal dose calculations .
the medical dosimetrist is a member of the radiation oncology team that plays a role in the management of cancer . medical dosimetry allows professionals to utilize their knowledge of mathematics , medical physics , science , and critical thinking in his / her everyday work . medical dosimetrists specialize in the planning of optimal radiation treatment techniques and dose calculations in collaboration with the medical physicist and radiation oncologist .
dose record keeping ( drk ) involves recording all radiation doses received by an individual , during a given employment . each registered person is recognised by their national insurance number ( nin ) and each dose record is the property of the employer . the service is used both by employers who use our dosemeters and by those who use dosemeters supplied by another approved dosimetry service ( ads ) .
during development of ct dosimetry procedures , 2 standard ct dosimetry phantoms were adopted by the food and drug administration and still are used today ( fig . 1 ) : a 32 - cm - diameter cylindric acrylic phantom to represent an adult abdomen , and a 16 - cm - diameter version to represent an adult head or small pediatric bodies ( 1 ) . both are 15 cm thick ( in the z - axis direction ) and contain several 1 - cm - diameter holes for insertion of dosimeters . the holes are at the center of the phantom and at a 1 - cm depth at the 3 - , 6 - , 9 - , and 12 - o ' clock positions ( referred to as the peripheral sites ) . some models have holes at other locations at well .
the uwl medical dosimetry program statistics include graduate statistics from various internship locations throughout the u . s . the success of the graduates is due to their motivation & hard - work as well as the commitment and dedication of the faculty , clinical instructors , clinical preceptors , and mentors at each clinical internship site . the program faculty and advisory committee ensures the highest quality of education and that the graduates are well prepared to enter the profession .
personnel working with unencapsulated radioactive materials have the potential to receive internal doses via inhalation or ingestion . recent experience involving the intake of alpha emitters at nuclear power plants has created a need for individuals who understand the current methods for determining radiation dose from such intakes . to meet this need , orau conducts a five - day training course— occupational internal dosimetry . the american academy of health physics grants 40 continuing education credits for completion of this course .
we respect that a student may elect to not receive immunizations for personal or medical reasons . students who have a medical condition that precludes them from receiving immunizations may be asked to provide additional documentation from a medical provider . clinical affiliates must comply with their organization ' s policy regarding immunizations and as such may decline a student without required immunizations or medical documentation . students should be aware that this may impact options for clinical education experiences and progression through the medical dosimetry curriculum .
the natural external radiation dose to the public varies in different parts of the world based largely on the geomagnetic field , altitude and solar cycle . external dose from terrestrial radiation varies largely with variations of concentrations of radioactive potassium and the radioactive components of the natural uranium and thorium radioactive decay chains . stochastic effects such as cancer and genetic disorders may be caused when living creatures are exposed to low doses . so the accurate measurement technique is an important subject in environmental dosimetry .
medical dosimetry , the official journal of the american association of medical dosimetrists , is the key source of information on new developments for the medical dosimetrist . practical and comprehensive in coverage , the journal features original contributions and review articles by medical dosimetrists , oncologists , physicists , and radiation therapy technologists on clinical applications and techniques of external beam , interstitial , intracavitary and intraluminal irradiation in cancer management . articles dealing primarily with physics will be reviewed by a specially appointed team of experts in the field .
medical dosimetry is part of radiation oncology . under the direction of a medical physicist , medical dosimetrists utilize dedicated computers to design and calculate radiation plans for the treatment of cancer . a ct scan of the patient generates data which will be used in the treatment planning process . the dosimetrists work closely with the physician , physicist and radiation therapist . people in this profession typically work nine hour workdays , from 8 a . m . - 5 p . m . , mainly working at a console , with a highly specialized computer .
@ article { osti _ 1028093 , title = { hanford technical basis for multiple dosimetry effective dose methodology } , author = { hill , robin l . and rathbone , bruce a . } , abstractnote = { the current method at hanford for dealing with the results from multiple dosimeters worn during non - uniform irradiation is to use a compartmentalization method to calculate the effective dose ( e ) . the method , as documented in the current version of section 6 . 9 . 3 in the ' hanford external dosimetry technical basis manual , pnl - ma - 842 , ' is based on the compartmentalization method presented in the 1997 ansi / hps n13 . 41 standard , ' criteria for performing multiple dosimetry . ' with the adoption of the icrp 60 methodology in the 2007 revision to 10 cfr 835 came changes that have a direct affect on the compartmentalization method described in the 1997 ansi / hps n13 . 41 standard , and , thus , to the method used at hanford . the ansi / hps n13 . 41 standard committee is in the process of updating the standard , but the changes to the standard have not yet been approved . and , the drafts of the revision of the standard tend to align more with icrp 60 than with the changes specified in the 2007 revision to 10 cfr 835 . therefore , a revised method for calculating effective dose from non - uniform external irradiation using a compartmental method was developed using the tissue weighting factors and remainder organs specified in 10 cfr 835 ( 2007 ) . } , doi = { 10 . 2172 / 1028093 } , journal = { } , number = , volume = , place = { united states } , year = { sun aug 01 00 : 00 : 00 edt 2010 } , month = { sun aug 01 00 : 00 : 00 edt 2010 } }
radiation dosimetry provides the fundamental quantities used for radiation protection , risk assessment , and treatment planning . the mird committee develops standard methods , models , assumptions , and mathematical schema for assessing internal radiation doses from administered radiopharmaceuticals . the mird approach simplifies the problem of assessing dose for many different radionuclides—each with its unique radiological characteristics and chemical properties as labeled compounds—in the highly diverse biological environment represented by the human body , internal organs , tissues , and fluid compartments . the virtue of the mird approach is that it systematically reduces complex dosimetric analyses to methods that are relatively simple to use , including software tools for experimental and clinical use .
the current method at hanford for dealing with the results from multiple dosimeters worn during non - uniform irradiation is to use a compartmentalization method to calculate the effective dose ( e ) . the method , as documented in the current version of section 6 . 9 . 3 in the ' hanford external dosimetry technical basis manual , pnl - ma - 842 , ' is based on the compartmentalization method presented in the 1997 ansi / hps n13 . 41 standard , ' criteria for performing multiple dosimetry . ' with the adoption of the icrp 60 methodology in the 2007 revision to 10 cfr 835 came changes that have a direct affect on the compartmentalization method described in the 1997 ansi / hps n13 . 41 standard , and , thus , to the method used at hanford . the ansi / hps n13 . 41 standard committee is in the process of updating the standard , but the changes to the standard have not yet been approved . and , the drafts of the revision of the standard tend to align more with icrp 60 than with the changes specified in the 2007 revision to 10 cfr 835 . therefore , a revised method for calculating effective dose from non - uniform external irradiation using a compartmental method was developed using the tissue weighting factors and remainder organs specified in 10 cfr 835 ( 2007 ) .
the use of radioactive substances for sentinel lymph node ( sln ) biopsy needs consideration on how to optimize radiation safety issues . in this chapter an overview on basic radiation - related quantities , definitions , and on patient dosimetry is given . values of absorbed and effective doses are provided for patients , the staff in the operation theater and in the pathology department , and for waste disposal . for radiolocalization of sln with tc - 99m , the dose to the patients and the exposure of the staff are low ; for radiopharmaceuticals with longer half - lives and / or positron emitters , individual monitoring of staff exposure and contamination should be considered for larger patient numbers .
personnel dosimetry radiation monitoring is required when an individual ' s radiation exposure is likely to exceed 10 % of the dose limit , when a new activity is being initiated , or when there is no other method that can adequately determine a dose in an accident situation . personnel monitoring for radiation exposure is not required as part of the usda broad scope radioactive materials license , but is a requirement for all irradiator operators . rsd also requires personnel monitoring for nuclear gauge users , and area monitoring for x - ray producing equipment . through years of monitoring , the usda has determined that no individual working with unsealed radioactive materials is likely to receive in excess of 10 % of the annual dose limits .
this five - day course is designed to provide course participants with a thorough understanding of current methods for determining radiation doses resulting from intakes of radioactive materials by workers . the course covers the basic concepts and principles of internal dose assessments , and describes the icrp internal dosimetry systems and models currently in use in the u . s . and internationally . bioassay methods ( both direct and indirect ) are reviewed and bioassay interpretation is discussed in detail . regulations and regulatory guidance is discussed , including the design of bioassay programs and methods for demonstrating regulatory compliance . finally , quality assurance and methods for program evaluation are covered . throughout the course , students work detailed example problems covering all aspects of internal dose assessment .
in summation , the medical dosimetrist performs calculations for the accurate delivery of the radiation oncologist ' s prescribed dose , documents pertinent information in the patient record , and verifies the mathematical accuracy of all calculations using a system established by the medical physicist . we perform , or assist in , the application of specific methods of radiation measurement including ion chamber , thermoluminescent dosimeters ( tld ) , or film measurement as directed by the medical physicist . another area that we may contribute to is giving technical and physics support to the medical physicist ; this support could be in radiation protection , qualitative machine calibrations , and quality assurance of the radiation oncology equipment . also , we often take on the role of educator in facilities that have radiation oncology residents , radiation therapy students or medical dosimetry students .
the dose indicators msad and ctdi represent dose to a particular location in a dosimetry phantom from a complete series of slices . the only practical difference between msad and various forms of ctdi is the length of the dose profile included . by definition , msad is the dose from all slices in a particular procedure , however many slices are done and however long the z - axis length covered by the procedure . the various forms of ctdi , on the other hand , refer to specific lengths of a dose profile included in the measurement . ideally , the measured dose profile length should include the entire significant length of the profile , which we denote as ctdi ideal . however , because the profile may extend far toward either side of the scanned slice , ctdi ideal is difficult to measure in practice .
more specifically , radiation dosimetry is the calculation of the absorbed dose in tissue resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation . dose is reported in units of gray ( gy ) for mass , and dose equivalent is reported in units of sieverts ( sv ) for biological tissue , where 1 gy or 1 sv is equal to 1 joule per kilogram . traditional units are still prevalent as well , where dose is often reported in rads and dose equivalent in rems . by definition , 1 gy = 100 rads and 1 sv = 100 rems . workers who may be exposed to radiation carry personal dosimeters . these dosimeters measure dose , based on a variety of measuring systems . the average background dose for a human being is about 350 milli - rems per year , resulting mostly from cosmic radiation and natural isotopes in the earth .
plaque simulator extends the tg43 formalism with a water to medium conversion factor which allows for calculation of dose to tissue , or to a small mass of water in a phantom . normally , this factor should be set to 1 . if , however , you wished to calculate dose to a water calibrated tld in an eye phantom made of pmma ( acrylic ) exposed to a plaque containing model 6711 seeds , you would set the dose rate constant to the approriate value for pmma ( 0 . 98 * 0 . 697 = 0 . 683 ) and then set the water to medium field to be the ratio of dose to water in medium versus dose to medium ( 1 . 607 ) . the dose rate constant relative to water , and water in medium ratios for pmma , wt1 and rw - 1 may be found in tables iii and iv of the reference : luxton , g . , comparison of radiation dosimetry in water and in solid phantom materials for i - 125 and pd - 103 brachytherapy sources : egs4 monte carlo study , medical physics , 21 , 1994 . these data were used to create the default isotope labeled i - 125 ( 6711 pmma ) .
the radiological standards and calibrations laboratory , a part of pacific northwest laboratory ( pnl ) , performs calibrations and upholds reference standards necessary to maintain traceability to national radiological standards . the facility supports u . s . department of energy ( doe ) programs at the hanford site , programs sponsored by doe headquarters and other federal agencies , radiological protection programs at other doe sites , and research programs sponsored through the commercial sector . the laboratory is located in the 318 building of the hanford site ` s 300 area . the facility contains five major exposure rooms and several laboratories used for exposure work preparation , low - activity instrument calibrations , instrument performance evaluations , instrument maintenance , instrument design and fabrication work , and thermoluminescent and radiochromic dosimetry . the major exposure facilities are a low - scatter room used for neutron and photon exposures , a source well room used for high - volume instrument calibration work , an x - ray facility used for energy response studies , a high - exposure facility used for high - rate photon calibration work , and a beta standards laboratory used for beta energy response studies and beta reference calibrations . calibrations are routinely performed for personnel dosimeters , health physics instrumentations , photon transfer standards and alpha , beta and gamma field sources used throughout the hanford site . this report describes the standards and calibrations laboratory .
in general , ctdis measured at different locations and depths in a dosimetry phantom will differ . figure 7 shows typical ctdis measured at 120 kvp on a single - slice ct scan of the head and body phantoms with 5 - mm collimation ( 5 - mm slice thickness ) using clinical technique . doses for the 4 peripheral ( 1 - cm - deep ) holes are nearly uniform , as might be expected from the symmetry of a 360° scan . the ctdi measured at the 6 - o ' clock position in the body phantom is often somewhat lower because of table attenuation . the ctdi at the center of the head phantom is nearly the same as that at the periphery , whereas the central ctdi in the body phantom is more than half the peripheral ctdi . a high peak kilovoltage ( ≥120 ) and symmetric ( 360° ) scans apparently yield doses that vary with depth only moderately in the body phantom and hardly at all in the head phantom . this somewhat counterintuitive result is due to offsetting effects : the dose from primary radiation is higher at the periphery in both cases , but the dose from scatter increases significantly toward the center . because the long - ionization - chamber measurement includes the tails of the dose profile ( which are mostly scatter ) , ctdis automatically include both primary and scatter contributions to dose .


fnb connect is an internet service provider which operates as a business unit within firstrand bank limited ( “ frb ” ) .

fnb is a division of one of frb and one of the " big four " banks in the south african market .

the move into telecommunications was unprecedented at the time and in addition to normal banking products and services , fnb now offers telecommunications value added services .

fnb connect is a supplier of data for south african adsl subscribers .

fnb connect also offers voip services for its clients .

it is one of the first south african voip suppliers to have developed a voip application for the iphone , windows mobile and symbian mobile phones plus a pc version for windows and linux and a web based digital phone .

fnb connect

you can manage international roaming using the following channels : the fnb banking app , fnb online banking and fnb connect support centre .
1 . how do i block my connect sim ? you can block your connect sim by using fnb online banking or at an fnb atm .
* 130 * 321 # or * 120 * 321 # ( fnb cellphone banking ) , fnb . mobi , fnb atm , fnb banking app and fnb online banking
it ' s your sole responsibility to manage your fnb connect spend while abroad .
via branch : visit your nearest fnb branch to take up a connect sim .
fnb’s new a1 and x1 smartphones come pre - installed with the fnb banking app and branding . however , the devices are locked to fnb connect sim cards .
the sms roaming service allows qualifying fnb connect customers to send and receive smss while abroad .
via cellphone banking : dial * 120 * 321 # and select
fnb connect
.
you can contact our customer service call centre on 147 free of charge from your fnb connect cellphone .
i have requested to port my number when applying for a fnb connect sim card . what happens next ?
2 . how do i perform a sim swap ? you can perform a sim swap by using fnb online banking , fnb banking app , at any fnb atm or at your nearest fnb branch .
this will affect any balance enquires and balance details on your account , until fnb connect advises you of the final roaming charges payable .
johannesburg - financial institutional first national bank launched unlimited calling for r399 per month on its mobile network , fnb connect , on tuesday .
customers with a connect sim can dial * 147 * 1 # from their connect number should they wish to migrate ( move ) to this package .
after you receive your new fnb connect sim card and activate it , your number will be ported within 24 hours . for your convenience , you will be given a temporary number on your fnb connect sim card so you can continue to use your new sim card while your port is in progress . both your current sim card ( from your previous service provider ) and your new fnb connect sim card will be usable during this time . you will receive an sms on your old sim card and your new fnb connect sim card when your port has been completed .
and the company has subsequently found that fnb offers a competitive deal . fnb connect is a a mobile virtual network operator ( mvno ) , which means that it runs atop of cell c ' s network .
earn up to 15 % back in ebucks rewards on your connect sim spend .
you can view your fnb connect transaction history online . browse through your calls , sms and data usage and see in detail how much you are spending .
always check your data balance , if you notice high usage check your itemised bill via fnb online banking or request one via fnb cellphone banking .
move up a reward level when your total connect sim spend is more than r200 .
data bundles can be purchased via fnb online banking , fnb cellphone banking ( * 120 * 321 # or * 130 * 321 # ) , fnb banking app , fnb atm or * 147 # for contract , top up , and prepaid . please purchase these to avoid out of bundle costs .
choose between connect top up xs , s , m , l , xl or xxl .
' international roaming ' means using your fnb connect sim card and services outside the borders of south africa . use international roaming when travelling aboard on holiday or for business .
please note if you have ported , you will not be able to recharge using fnb cellphone banking ( * 120 * 321 # or * 130 * 321 # ) for 48 hours after the port has been completed . please use fnb online banking , fnb app or any fnb atm to recharge during this period .
please purchase bundles to avoid out of bundle costs . data bundles can be purchased via fnb online banking , fnb cellphone banking ( * 120 * 321 # or * 130 * 321 # ) , fnb banking app , fnb atm , or * 147 # for contract , top up , prepaid and data packages .
the way you get rewarded on your fnb account ( s ) has changed .
porting takes up to 24 hours from the time that your new fnb connect sim card is activated ( when you can make / receive calls from your new sim card ) .
if you didn ' t port during the sales process you can still port your number after experiencing the connect sim . you can port by dialing * 147 # or calling the connect customer care .
“when you compare fnb connect’s new unlimited voice package to the equivalent packages from all other mobile networks and mvnos , you find that fnb’s new offering is very well priced , coming in cheaper than any of the competing offerings , ” said antony seeff , tariffic’s ceo .
the fnb banking app for tablet allows you to bank when and where you choose .
it may take the cellular network operator up to four months to provide your international roaming charges to fnb connect , which can result in a delay in receiving the final international roaming charges .
2 . 2 where can i view my usage history or request an itemised bill ? you can view your call log online using connect transaction history . connect transaction history displays the last 150 transactions / calls .
1 . what is porting ? porting is keeping your existing number and moving it to a connect sim .
when taking up the connect sim , you have the option to move your existing number ( port ) to connect . all you have to do is ensure that the number that you wish to port is on prepaid .
the full roaming service allows fnb connect customers to use the full array of services that they would use in south africa namely , making and receiving calls , sending and receiving smss and using mobile data .
via urltoken logon to fnb online banking and choose from our wide range of products and devices .
2 . 1 how do i check my airtime / data balances ? you can check your balance by dialling * 111 # from your connect sim or from any of our electronic platforms such as fnb online banking .
step 3 when collecting your fnb sim , please have a copy of your id or driver license .
via * 147 # : dial * 147 # and select
port your number
from your connect sim . please note that you can only port a registered incontact or fnb cellphone banking cellphone number when using this channel .
no need to rica your sim . fnb will rica the sim on your behalf . simply activate your sim to get connected .
1 . how do i order another sim if i have misplaced my sim or my sim is stolen ? you can obtain a replacement sim from your nearest fnb branch or alternatively you can use the
order replacement sim
function on fnb online banking .
you need to have a qualifying fnb cheque , credit card or one account , or rmb private bank cheque or credit card account .
4 . can i still port my cellphone number if i am currently on a contract ? if you want to port a number that is on contract , it is advised that you call your current service provider to request your number to be switched to prepaid , you are able to port to connect easily by dialing * 147 # from a connect sim and selecting
port my existing number
or by calling the customer care ( dial 147 from any connect sim ) .
2 . how do i port my number over to connect ? to port during the take up process , please complete the highlighted section during the sales process .
what do you think of fnb ' s unlimited calling deal ? do you think it offers value ? tell us your view by clicking here .
how do i get my mms and data settings for my device ? you can have your phone settings sent by dialling * 147 # and selecting
phone settings
from your connect sim .
fnb makes every reasonable effort to ensure the accuracy of our network coverage maps . from time to time , there may be factors beyond our control , which may affect our network coverage . these factors may include , but are not limited to , the weather , topography , and man - made structures . fnb makes no representations , warranties or guarantees on the accuracy , aptness or extensiveness of network coverage maps . fnb accepts no responsibility for any actions taken or not taken by the user of the coverage maps .
you will need your puk number to have your sim unblocked . your puk number can be obtained on online banking , the fnb banking app or by dialling 087 575 0147 .
“fnb is trying to establish itself as a major mobile operator and the major mobile operators are trying to entrench themselves with their client base and broaden their offering” , said seef .
“fnb’s unlimited voice package is r34 cheaper than me & you mobile’s unlimited talk package and r135 cheaper than the next - best packages offered by cell c and telkom” , said seeff .
unfortunately , you ' ll lose all free minutes and other free services offered by your previous service provider when you port your number . this also applies to all unused minutes , airtime , data and smss you may have accumulated but have not yet used . you have the option of using up all your unused minutes , airtime , data and smss before your new fnb connect sim card is activated .
the unveiling of the unlimited calling option has come as fnb also unveiled two of its own branded smartphones , the conexis x1 and conexis a1 on tuesday . both phones are backed by htc technology .
via branch : when taking up a sim at a branch you need to advise the branch consultant that you wish to keep your existing number when taking up a connect sim . porting at branch can be done during the sales process .
1 . how do i activate my connect sim once i received it ? if your sim is delivered via courier it will be activated 24 hours after delivery . if you wish to activate the sim immediately after receiving your sim from the courier , you can use the following channels :
to compare fnb’s offer with other mobile networks like mtn and vodacom , tariffic said that it has “factored in the cost of adding data bundles to unlimited voice packages that come with less data to ensure that only unlimited voice packages with 10gb of data were compared . ”
1 . how will i receive my sim once my application has been submitted and / or approved ?
your sim will be delivered to you by an fnb approved courier . an fnb approved courier will contact you to confirm your delivery address . alternatively you can follow the instructions on the delivery sms to login on to the link provided in the delivery sms and enter your delivery address . please ensure that you are available to receive delivery on the date confirmed with the courier . please ensure that you have a copy of your id on delivery of your sim .
the fnb banking app embraces the future of help – helping people to help themselves . managing your financial life has never been this easy with the ability to transact , borrow , invest , protect and communicate all in one place . download the app to see for yourself . want to know more ? open the banking app and select information from the main menu . here you can view video tutorials on all in - app functionality from fnb assist , or see answers to frequently asked questions from help . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fnb pay - supported on nfc enabled devices with kitkat 4 . 4 or above fingerprint id - supported on devices with a fingerprint sensor running android 6 . 0 watch app - only available on android wear supported devices secure chat - only available to premier , private clients and private wealth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by downloading or using the fnb banking app for smartphones , you agree to be bound by the license agreement located at urltoken . this agreement is incorporated into this notice for reference . if you do not agree to the license agreement , do not download or use the application . terms & conditions apply .
private wealth - earn above r1 . 5m or have nav of r15m p . a . to qualify
t & c ; ' s apply cortana remembers , so you don ' t have to .
first national bank - a division of firstrand bank limited . an authorised financial services and credit provider 1929 / 001225 / 06 ( ncrcp20 ) .
my contract with my current service provider hasn ' t expired yet . can i still port my number ?
yes you can , but your contract with your current service provider won ' t be automatically cancelled . you must arrange with your existing service provider to settle any outstanding debt , according to the terms of your contract . we advise that you first cancel your contract with your current service provider and convert your number to prepaid before porting .
no , once you ' ve ported , you ' ll lose any services from the previous network operator .
no , once your port has been completed , your old sim card will stop working .
you can choose to activate your sim online , at the atm or via cellphone banking .
if you lose your card , you can always purchase a new sim and do the sim swap in - branch or online .
you can prevent your sim from exceeding a specified amount by setting up a sim limit . a sim limit means that you will receive incoming smss and calls , but you will not be able to make outgoing calls , use data or send smss . however , you can still purchase prepaid or once - off bundles to continue using this service .
you can check your remaining airtime and data balance online , or by dialling * 111 # .
if you lose your sim , you can block the sim online or at an atm .
once the sim has been blocked , you can order a replacement sim and do a sim swap .
you can download your itemised bill online , free of charge , or request for it to be emailed to you through cellphone banking , for a fee of r6 .
if you are a heavy data user , avoid high out of bundle charges and rather purchase data bundles .
once - off data bundles are valid for a period of 30 days and range from 50 mb to 2 gb once off .
if you use your device for sending emails and messages , you will use less data than if you ' re browsing the internet , using social media , sharing photos or watching videos . monitor your data spend month by month and buy data bundles accordingly . when you buy data bundles , you pay less for the data you use than you would on the out of bundle rate .
your inclusive package and recurring data balances will carry over to the next month , after which it will expire if not used .
once off data bundles are valid for 30 days from activation and do not carry over .
your phone can use data without you even knowing it . here are some tips in managing your spend while using data :
download a data managing program so you can actively see how much data your device uses .
tracking your bills has never been easier . contract bills can be viewed on online banking and cellphone banking .
customers will be billed for the first month based on prorate allocation of voice minutes , smss and / or data as well as the subscription fee of the following month on the date the customer selected for the debit order to go off .
the next payment will be due in the following month on the selected debit order date where you will be billed upfront for your contract and in arrears for any additional usage and / or bundles purchased .
for the first month , pro rata rules apply when you activate your sim card within the first month . this means that if you activate your sim on the 15th of the month , you will only be billed for half the month and your allocation of voice minutes , smss and / or data would be half of the full month ' s allocation .
upon activating your sim card you will receive prorate inclusive bundles ( voice minutes , smss and / or data ) where real - time collection of payment will take place from the take - up date until the end of the month .
you will receive an invoice on the 17th of every month . payment will be for the following month from the 1st of the month until the last day of the month . the collection of payment will happen on the 25th of each month . if the 25th is a public holiday , the billing will occur on the working day prior to the 25th of the month . the allocation of your inclusive bundles will occur on the 1st of the month .
you will receive prorate inclusive bundles ( voice minutes , smss and / or data ) upon the activation of your sim card , collection for which will happen on the 25th of the month . you will also be billed for the next month ' s subscription fee on the 25th of the month . as such you will be billed for 2 amounts :
for the following months , collection of payment will happen on the 25th of each month . if the 25th is a public holiday , the billing will occur on the working day prior to the 25th of the month . the allocation of the bundles will occur on the 1st of the month .
while international roaming is activated you cannot use your sim in south africa . this applies for both full roaming and sms roaming . it is important to only switch on international roaming services when you are about to leave the country .
your international roaming usage is determined by the cellular network operator used by you in the country you visit .
please note these charges are significantly higher than local charges . you can view the rates to familiarise yourself with these costs .
only customers on voice contracts and flexi contracts can make use of the international roaming services .
prepaid , top up or data contract customers do not qualify for the international roaming services .
make sure to turn off your device ' s mobile data while travelling overseas . any updates , downloads or browsing ( facebook , twitter , etc . ) will be charged per mb at the international rate .
make sure none of your apps override your data network settings and turn data back on automatically .
if you do want to access the internet or gps outside of wifi hotspots , turn data roaming on only when you are using it .
download a data monitoring app so you know exactly how much you are using . there are many apps available for nokia , apple , blackberry and samsung devices .
if you lose your sim , you can block the sim online or through an atm .
because we believe that managing your bills shouldn ' t be complicated , we ' ve tried to keep the process as simple as possible .
know the jargon and what to expect when you browse the internet , make and receive calls or send and receive smss while travelling aboard on holiday or for business .
please note that issues logged will be used for informational purposes to motivate network enhancements .
2 . how do i rica my sim your sim is automatically ricaed for you based on the fica information that you provided when opening your bank account , if this information has changed please take your id and proof of address to your nearest branch to update your information .
please note after 3 unsuccessful attempts to deliver your sim ; the order will be cancelled and the sim will not be delivered .
2 . if you have taken up a sim at branch your sim will be given to you at the branch once you have completed the sales process .
for flexi customers any bundle purchases using the * 147 # will be added to the monthly invoice .
1 . 3 . what is an auto top up ? you can set up an auto top up , which will automatically recharge your airtime or data , when your balance reaches r5 or 10mb of data .
step 3 : select the sim that you want to set up auto top up for .
in the event of a debit order failing ; debit order dates maybe adjusted .
if your sim is activated before the 17th of the month . you will be charged a prorated amount for that month .
if your sim is activated after the 17th of the month . you will be charged in arrears on the pre - selected debit order date . you will be charged for the next month as well as the month you activated your sim .
your first bill will consist of your prorated amount as well as the amount you will be charged next month .
we recommend that you do not use full roaming when travelling as rates are extremely high .
use sms roaming , this enables you to use the sms service while overseas , but not voice and data . ( only available for contract subscribers )
if you are using a smart phone or tablet , make sure your mobile / cellular data is switched off to avoid high costs .
inclusive data , voice and sms ' s on your package cannot be used while roaming .
your international bill can take up to 3 months to be issued to you .
what should i do if i am experiencing network coverage issues ? for voice , data and sms coverage issues , please set your carrier / network settings to
automatic
on your device . you must also switch data roaming on , on your device . if you need further assistance please contact our customer service centre .
please note that you may also receive a sms from your current cellular network to confirm your port . please respond to this sms to ensure that your port is successful .
your current network may not have approved the port yet as you may still have outstanding bills to settle with them , or you recently ported in the last 2 months , in which case the port will be rejected .
please note that you may receive a sms from your network provider . please confirm your port to ensure that your port is not delayed .
5 . what happens to my old sim as well as all free minutes / data or any other benefits that i had on my previous sim once i have ported ? once ported your old sim will stop working and you will lose all unused benefits . you are advised to use up all existing minutes / data / talking points , before porting is completed .
please note : it is advisable to only activate the sim once you have received it .
1 . you can set your limit to control your spend . when you initially set your limit , it is applied after 15 minutes however if an existing limit is changed the new limit will only come into effect from the beginning of the next month .
make sure that there are no apps running in the background of your device using up your data .
always take note of the size of the image / video received before downloading on chat apps such as whatsapp .
2 . what could be the possible reasons for my data being depleted quickly ? there could be a number of reasons as to why your data gets depleted faster than normal or you receive a data bill shock . see below a few :
apps that require data still running in the background of your device without being shut down completely .
certain apps auto updating whenever there is an available update on the applicable app store .
internet browser still runnning in the background on your device without being shut down completely after surfing and browsing .
operating system updates are quite large to download on your device and use a substantial amount of data , for example the latest ios update for apple devices is over 1gb .
these are numbers you need to know from balance enquiries to customer service enquiries .
step 1 sms will be received from courier within 24 hours of placing your order .
step 2 confirm your delivery address using the link on your delivery confirmation sms . or alternatively confirm your delivery address once you are contacted by the delivery company .
note : please answer your phone to confirm your delivery address , 3 failed attempts to contact you will result in your order being cancelled .
step 4 your sim will be activated within 24 hours after your sim has been delivered . if you requested to port during the sales process your port request will be processed after your sim has been activated . the porting process may take between 24 to 48 hours . if you have not requested to port during the sales process you can also port your incontact or cellphone banking number by dialling * 147 # .
please note : you may receive a sms from your current cellular service provider to confirm your porting . please reply to the sms to ensure that your porting is successful .
view + manage all your sims , just like you do your bank accounts .
manage your whole family ' s sims in one place from balances to detailed call logs . you can also order a replacement sim and do a sim swap .
adjust your voice , data and sms bundles from month to month as your needs change .
auto top up automatically tops you up with airtime and data when you are running low - to a chosen amount and you can set a monthly limit .
view your balances and real time transaction history at any time , at no extra cost , just like you do with your bank statements .
month to month packages choose from our top up xs , s , m , l , xl or xxl packages that comes with pre - selected voice , data , and sms limit your spend plus have the flexibility to top up when needed .
month to month packages choose from our top up 500mb , 1gb , 2gb and 5gb packages that comes with pre - selected data limit your spend plus have the flexibility to top up when needed .
please note : data bundles are promotional . please refer to terms & conditions for more information .
make a deposit , increase your credit card limit , or upgrade from premier .
deposit r2 , 000 or more during the campaign . open a cheque account and get a sim card immediately . get confirmation of data when you switch your salary .
( excluding revolving credit plan ) qualify on payout of the loan or activation of the overdraft or credit card . get rewarded per product , e . g . get a new overdraft and a new credit and get rewarded for both . note that on an increase of a new product you only get rewarded on the new product .
make transfers , payments , buy ( airtime , electricity , vouchers and entertainment ) send money , forex and lotto transactions .
stay on top of your cellular spend . never run out with auto top up .
the updated app brings a fresh new look to create an even simpler banking experience .
your home screen gives you quick access to most used functionality and the reorganised menu shows everything else .
similar functionality has been grouped together to make finding what you need easy . see the updates in the payments , buy , cards and information groups .
by purchasing this item , you are transacting with google payments and agreeing to the google payments terms of service and privacy notice .
you could get up to 40 % off exclusive offers from ebucks . managing your bank accounts well , determines your reward level and ultimately the ebucks discount you qualify for . but , make sure you qualify .
kulula . com , british airways ( operated by comair ) and avis discounts exclude all taxes . terms and conditions apply
name : bedfordview address : 43 bradford road , bedfordview , johannesburg , 2008 telephone : 011 615 7020 operating hours : monday - thursday : 09 : 00 - 18 : 00 friday : 09 : 00 - 21 : 00 saturday - sunday : 09 : 00 - 17 : 00 public holidays : 09 : 00 - 17 : 00 name : bryanston address : corner william nicol drive and wedgewood link , bryanston , sandton , 2012 telephone : 011 706 4706 operating hours : mon , tues , thurs , fri : 09 : 00 to 18 : 00 wednesday : 09 : 00 to 18 : 00 saturday : 09 : 00 to 17 : 00 sunday : 09 : 00 to 15 : 00 public holidays : 10 : 00 13 : 00 name : centurion address : shop 118 , centurion mall ( heuwel ave . ) centurion 0046 telephone : 012 643 1035 operating hours : monday - thursday : 09 : 00 - 19 : 00 saturday : 08 : 00 - 18 : 00 sunday : 09 : 00 - 17 : 00 public holidays : 09 : 00 - 17 : 00 name : hyde park address : hyde park corner , cnr william nicol and 6th road , hyde park telephone : 011 325 4186 operating hours : mon , tues , thurs , fri : 09 : 00 to 18 : 00 wednesday : 09 : 00 to 18 : 00 saturday : 09 : 00 to 17 : 00 sunday : 10 : 00 to 13 : 00 public holidays : 10 : 00 13 : 00 name : johannesburg address : 3 , first place pritchard st & simmonds st bank city , johannesburg 2000 , telephone : 011 838 0025 operating hours : mon , tues , thurs , fri : 08 : 00 to 17 : 00 wednesday : 09 : 00 to 17 : 00 saturday : 08 : 30 to 12 : 30 sunday : closed name : johannesburg address : cnr hendrik potgieter & n14 highway , shop no . u63 , cradlestone mall , furrow rd , johannesburg , 1747 telephone : 087 345 5910 operating hours : mon , tues , thurs , fri : 09 : 00 to 18 : 00 wednesday : 09 : 00 to 18 : 00 saturday : 09 : 00 to 17 : 00 sunday : 10 : 00 to 13 : 00
but the r399 unlimited calling option has sparked interest as well , and cellphone contract monitoring company tariffic has studied the deal .
the a1 costs r59 per month with 15 minutes of bundled airtime and 50mb data , while the x1 costs r150 per month with 25 minutes and 100mb of data .
seeff said the launch of these devices come hot off the heels of vodacom’s latest branded phones hitting the market .
“everyone wants to own the market when it comes to mobile , but this is becoming much more than just offering cellphone contracts and is expanding into other products and value - added services , ” he added .
tech companies are helping farmers reduce stress and improve the health of their animals by limiting human interaction .