russian aircraft corporation mig ( российская самолетостроительная корпорация « миг » rossyskaya samoletostroitelnaya korporatsiya " mig " ) , or rsk mig , is a russian aerospace joint stock company .

formerly mikoyan and gurevich design bureau ( russian : микоя́н и гуре́вич , миг mikoyan i gurevich , mig ) , then simply mikoyan , rsk mig is a military aircraft design bureau , primarily designing fighter aircraft .

its head office is in begovoy district , northern administrative okrug , moscow .

mig aircraft are a staple of the soviet and russian air forces , and the soviet union sold many of these aircraft within its sphere of influence .

they have been used by the militaries of north korea , and north vietnam and india and also in aerial confrontations with american and allied forces , and form part of the air forces of many arab nations .

mikoyan

first day in havana , young sergo mikoyan is in the center of the photo . courtesy of sergo mikoyan .
the soviet cuban missile crisis : castro , mikoyan , kennedy , khrushchev , and the missiles of november by sergo mikoyan , ed . svetlana savranskaya
stepan mikoyan was born on july 12 , 1922 in tbilisi ( georgia ) into the family of soviet state figure and future socialist labor hero anastas mikoyan . stepan’s father was a brother of renowned soviet aircraft designer artyom mikoyan . anastas mikoyan headed the ussr supreme soviet presidium in 1964 - 1965 .
in 1964 mikoyan once again walked the fine line between changing powers . a new election promoted mikoyan to chairman of the ussr supreme soviet – he became the president of the country
anastas mikoyan , joseph stalin and grigoriy ordzhonikidze , tiflis ( now tbilisi ) , 1925 .
wireless mikoyan foxbat - iii ironsight - 7 6 - button 2 . 4ghz wireless gaming mouse
) from the personal archive of the late sergo mikoyan . this is the second installment from the
with the headline : others come and go —mikoyan remains ; how to survive in the kremlin .
needless to say , many consumers all over the ussr liked mikoyan’s innovations . even stalin once joked ,
document 12 – mikoyan telegram to khrushchev , november 18 , 1962 , [ source : personal archive of sergo mikoyan donated to the national security archive . translated by amanda conrad for the national security archive ]
it is known that mikoyan differed with khrushchev at times . khrushchev said so in one of his speeches when he chided mikoyan for not sharing his enthusiasm about plowing up the virgin lands of central asia .
sergo mikoyan , edited by svetlana savranskaya , the soviet cuban missile crisis : castro , mikoyan , kennedy , khrushchev , and the missiles of november ( washington , dc : woodrow wilson press , 2012 ) p . 193 . the mikoyans arrived in havana on november 2 . anastas mikoyan flew out on november 26 . ↩
mikoyan supported stalin in the power struggle that ensued after the death of lenin in 1924 . he executed all stalin’s orders aimed at discrediting the opposition . stalin greatly appreciated mikoyan’s efforts and in 1926 anastas mikoyan was elected candidate member of the party’s politburo . he was also appointed people ' s commissar for external and internal trade .
mikoyan was the only one to escape execution – his survival remains a mystery to many historians to this day .
the mikoyan mission to cuba in the aftermath of the cuban missile crisis lasted from november 2 to november 26 .
sergo mikoyan , edited by svetlana savranskaya , the soviet cuban missile crisis : castro , mikoyan , kennedy , khrushchev , and the missiles of november ( washington , dc : woodrow wilson press , 2012 ) p . 173 . ↩
document 3 – telegram from gromyko to mikoyan , november 10 , 1962 . [ source : from the personal archive of sergo a . mikoyan donated to the national security archive . translated by anna melyakova for the national security archive ]
document 4 – telegram from gromyko to mikoyan , november 10 , 1962 . [ source : from the personal archive of sergo a . mikoyan donated to the national security archive . translated by svetlana savranskaya for the national security archive ]
document 6 –telegram from mikoyan to cc cpsu , november 17 , 1962 . [ source : from the personal archive of sergo a . mikoyan donated to the national security archive . translated by amanda conrad for the national security archive ]
document 7 – telegram from gromyko to mikoyan , november 18 , 1962 . [ source : from the personal archive of sergo a . mikoyan donated to the national security archive . translated by amanda conrad for the national security archive ]
document 10 – khrushchev telegram to mikoyan ( special no . 2536ц ) , november 18 , 1962 . [ source : personal archive of sergo mikoyan donated to the national security archive . translated by amanda conrad for the national security archive ]
document 11 – gromyko telegram to mikoyan ( special no . 2528 ) , november 18 , 1962 . [ source : personal archive of sergo mikoyan donated to the national security archive . translated by amanda conrad for the national security archive ]
document 13 – mikoyan telegram to the cc cpsu ( no . 1856 ) , november 19 , 1962 . [ source : personal archive of sergo mikoyan donated to the national security archive . translated by svetlana savranskaya for the national security archive ]
document 8 – mikoyan telegram to khrushchev , special no . 1848 , november 18 , 1962 ( sunday ) . [ source : sergo mikoyan personal archive , donated to the national security archive . translated by anna melyakova for the national security archive ]
it is thought that khrushchev ' s “peaceful coexistence” and his emphasis on economic assistance to underdeveloped countries were in part inspired by mikoyan , and that his 1959 trip to the united states was not only prepared but possibly conceived by mikoyan . the habit of borrowing and buying machinery , methods and ideas from capitalist countries whenever usable was cultivated by mikoyan long before khrushchev adopted it .
sergo mikoyan , historian and editor of the soviet academic journal latin america and son of the former deputy prime minister anastas mikoyan , presents his findings on cuban - soviet relations at the historic 2002 havana conference on the 40th anniversary of the cuban missile crisis .
scale plans in 1 / 72 , 1 / 48 and 1 / 32 of mikoyan gurevich mig - 1 / mig - 3 variants .
in 1956 mikoyan helped khrushchev organize the “secret speech” – the public denouncement of stalin’s personality cult . mikoyan’s speech was one of the most shocking that followed khrushchev’s report – he publicly acquitted many of those he purged in the middle of the 1930s . the whole audience was amazed at the “revelations . ”
mikoyan was especially good at establishing international relations . in 1959 he was sent to cuba to establish relations with fidel castro , becoming the first soviet leader to visit the island . it was mikoyan who secured a business deal that nowadays would border on insanity – he exchanged soviet oil for cuban sugar .
immediately after that mikoyan was noticed by joseph stalin , whose political ambitions were running high and who was looking for supporters . he sent mikoyan to work in the south of russia as head of the northern caucasian bureau of the communist party with its headquarters in the city of rostov - on - don .
anastas mikoyan was a soviet statesman who held top positions in the government for over 40 years – starting his career under lenin and ending it under brezhnev .
document 14 – mikoyan ' s speech at the military council of general pavlov ' s group , november 21 , 1962 . [ source : from the personal archive of dr . sergo a . mikoyan , donated to the national security archive . translation by svetlana savranskaya and amanda conrad for the national security archive ]
“mikoyan has never been a threat to anyone in the hierarchy , ” a middle‐ranking mos‐cow communist said recently . “that ' s what makes him unique . ”
document 5 – a short record of the conversation between a . i . mikoyan , e . guevara , and a . mora , november 17 , 1962 . [ source : from the personal archive of sergo a . mikoyan donated to the national security archive . translated by amanda conrad for the national security archive ]
for his innovations in the food industry mikoyan was promoted to the post of the deputy chairman of the council of people’s commissars ( the council of ministers ) .
there are those who suspect that mikoyan had felt in his bones that the storm was brewing and took his precautions well in advance . on sept . 18 , almost a month before khrushchev ' s ouster , mikoyan made a speech at a rally for the indian president , who was visiting moscow . the speech was puzzling becauseit was out of character for both the speaker and the occasion . mikoyan sounded almost brutally antiwestern , anti ‐ american and . in spite of the identity of his
mikoyan - i - gurevich design bureau is a russian military aircraft design bureau primarily for fighter aircraft . it was formerly a soviet design bureau founded by artem mikoyan and mikhail gurevich , known as “mig . ” the russian government is planning to merge mikoyan and gurevich with ilyushin , irkut , sukhoi , tupolev , and yakovlev as a new company named “united aircraft corporation . ” the mig has been used by the chinese , north korea , and north vietnam in aerial confrontation with american and allied forces .
the record of several leadership crises shows evidence of mikoyan ' s restraint and seeming detachment through which he avoided generating the kind of hatreds that might have led to his removal .
a complete and comprehensive history of the mikoyan design bureau which is packed with detail on the many types produced from 1939 to 2007 , together with a huge selection of photographs .
mikoyan´s signature has also been found on the death sentence of the katyn massacre of 26 , 000 polish officers , who had been arrested at the beginning of ww2 by soviet troops .
moscow , russia ( tass ) —test pilot , hero of the soviet union stepan mikoyan has died at the age of 94 , the mig aircraft corporation press office reported on friday .
while taking part in stalin’s vicious purges , mikoyan tried to focus on what he did best – food supplies . in 1942 mikoyan became a member of the state defense committee , overseeing the distribution system and organizing a lifeline of supplies to the eastern parts of the country to where the majority of the population ( as well as factories and plants ) had been evacuated .
( continued from page 122 ) congress in 1959 , mikoyan and suslov were the ones who spoke in the most moderate terms of molotov and his companions . mikoyan described them simply as the “anti‐party group . ” this was the strongest word he used , while khrushchev accused them of the “basest methods” and some of his other supporters called them despicable , loathsome , perfidious criminals .
guest , anti‐those of the asian and african countries which combine neutrality with anticommunism at home . could it be that mikoyan was seeking an alibi against future attacks on policies he had advocated ?
there was only one person he could turn to with this tall order - his reliable trouble shooter , anastas mikoyan . as fidel castro put it at a state dinner on november 17 , addressing mikoyan ,
who if not you , and only you , can carry out this mission ! if you cannot do this , then it proves that in general this is impossible .
a workers’ council . his aim was to educate armenian workers about the revolutionary movement . that same year mikoyan joined the bolshevik faction of the russian social democratic labor party . after the 1917 bolshevik revolution in russia he became one of the top party members in the caucasus . mikoyan moved to baku ( now the capital of azerbaijan ) . first , he edited the armenian - language newspaper
a half a year later mikoyan tried to block khrushchev’s decision to use troops in crushing the popular revolt in hungary in 1956 and almost resigned when the soviet leaders did not listen to him .
his office , though not his life , may have been threatened also under khrushchev at least once , during the u‐2 incident with the u . s . khrushchev was reported to feel that his position was threatened and to be ready to offer mikoyan , an exponent of the policy of peaceful coexistence , to his critics as a scapegoat . but the incident blew over and mikoyan stayed .
shortly after that mikoyan was summoned to moscow . he was sent to work in the regional party committee in the nizhny novgorod region , located along the banks of the volga river . at first local party activists were rather cautious to receive a young activist from outside ; mikoyan , however , had been through worse trouble than this and soon found a way to gain favor with the local bolsheviks .
because of his family background , mikoyan was put in charge of ¨cleaning up¨ the enemies of communism in his native armenia . dozens of high - ranking officials were displaced and sent to labor camps .
in october 1962 , during the cuban missile crisis , mikoyan was dispatched to cuba . he tried hard to persuade fidel castro to remove all the nuclear missiles and bombers the soviet union had placed on the island . mikoyan managed to carry out his mission perfectly , despite the fact that right at the same time , his beloved wife ashhen died and he wasn’t even able to attend her funeral .
all through the past 10 years there had appeared to be a close personal affinity between the two men . a western ambassador who was an occasional guest at khrushchev ' s dacha near uspenskoe , some 30 miles west of the capital , recalls that mikoyan was always around even if his presence was not required by the business at hand . mikoyan was often the target of khrushchev ' s jokes , and frequently shot back his ownmuch subtler barbs . once , during an automobile trip in yugoslavia the solid khrushchev and the diminutive , lean mikoyan took to wrestling , an unlikely pair rolling in a field .
in 1946 mikoyan became vice chairman of the council of ministers . at the same time he held the post of minister of trade . however , his relations with stalin during that period became increasingly strained . he was no longer a frequent guest at stalin’s banquets or even the politburo sessions . rumors have it that mikoyan would have eventually been arrested , were it not for stalin ' s death in 1953 .
document 9 – record of conversation between a . i . mikoyan and cdes . o . dorticos , e . guevara , e . aragonés , c . r . rodriguez , and r . roa at the presidential palace , november 18 , 1962 . [ source : from the personal archive of sergo a . mikoyan donated to the national security archive . translated by anna melyakova for the national security archive ]
anastas ivanovich mikoyan , of course , is president of the nation now , no longer the perennial deputy premier . but the point of the story is still valid : the great survivor has survived again .
but mikoyan didn’t last very long in brezhnev’s government – in 1965 he was forced to retire due to old age ( he was70 ) . he spent his remaining days writing memoirs about his life and political career .
anastas mikoyan died on 21 october 1978 . he was buried not far from khrushchev at the novodevichye cemetery in moscow – brezhnev decided not to give either man a state funeral at the necropolis near the kremlin wall .
this , a soviet journalist recently recalled , made mikoyan the forerunner of nehru , nkrumah , makarios and others—the first of a long list of future presidents who spent a part of their early careers in british jails .
( continued from page 26 ) they made up a list of what they thought were the 26 most important men in the group . the 26 were shot . mikoyan was not on the list and stayed alive .
although mikoyan was apparently in danger of losing stalin’s favour , stalin died ( march 1953 ) before he could purge him , and mikoyan was able to become minister of trade and deputy premier in the post - stalin government and to retain his membership in the party’s presidium ( formerly the politburo ) . he subsequently supported khrushchev in his rise to power , and ultimately became khrushchev’s close adviser and a first deputy premier of the soviet union .
interview with sergo mikoyan by sherry jones ,
cuban missile crisis : what the world didn ' t know ,
produced by sherry jones for peter jennings reporting , abc news ( washington media associates , 1992 ) .
if mikoyan survived ail the changes in the soviet power structure , from trotsky ' s downfall to that of khrushchev , he did not always remain unscathed . khrushchev at the 20th party congress gave him credit for having incurred the wrath of stalin and being marked for liquidation in the dictator ' s last years in office . two years ago , one of the orators at the funeral of his wife disclosed that the younger of mikoyan ' s five sons had been arrested and exiled to siberia by stalin and that mrs . mikoyan often spent sleepless nights not knowing whether her husband , then deputy premier , would ever come back from his office in the kremlin .
some openly objected to the new policy , but mikoyan never voiced any public protests against these measures , though the facts prove he considered them destructive . he remained loyal to stalin even in the obscure 1930s - during the times of inflation and hunger in many areas of the country . however , mikoyan worked hard to keep a balance between his loyalty to stalin and his responsibility to the people , exhausted by mass collectivization , arrests and famine .
“on march 24 , 2016 , hero of the soviet union , merited test pilot of the ussr aviation lieutenant - general stepan anastasovich mikoyan passed away at the age of 94 , ” the press office said in a statement .
mikoyan performed flights until 1978 . overall , he learned to operate 102 types of aircraft , including mig - 23 , mig - 25 and mig - 27 planes . he logged a total of 3 , 500 flight hours .
however , in 1957 mikoyan made another ‘twist” – he refused to back the coup by georgy malenkov and vyacheslav molotov to remove khrushchev from power . thus he forever secured his own position as one of khrushchev ' s closest allies .
mikoyan graduated in 1941 from the kachinsk military aviation school and in december that year he went to the front . during the soviet union’s great patriotic war against nazi germany in 1941 - 1945 he fought as a fighter plane pilot .
in 1943 mikoyan was awarded the star of the “hero of socialist labor” but the award was of little comfort at a time when he mourned the loss of his son vladimir , whose plane was shot down during the battle of stalingrad .
“the new leader looks at him , pon‐ ders , then says , ‘i have to talk to my first deputy premier about this . ’ he picks up the phone , pushes a button and shouts , ‘mikoyan . . . ! ’ ”
but , the more young mikoyan studied the word of god , the closer he moved toward atheism . mikoyan once said about his school years : “i had a very distinct feeling that i didn ' t believe in god even after i had received a certificate in materialist uncertainty ; the more i studied religious subjects , the less i believed in god . ” he took courses in liberalism and socialism and step by step , was drawn closer to the revolutionary movements gaining strength throughout russia .
mikoyan was one of 26 commissars who coordinated bolshevik activity in the area under the aegis of the “baku soviet . ” it was a key location as , at the time , azerbaijan was the center of the bolshevik movement in the northern caucasus .
mikoyan remains a prominent figure in the new regime even though brezhnev and kosygin , the two heirs to khrushchev ' s power , are not likely to listen to him as frequently and attentively as did the old premier , whose frequent companion he was .
mikoyan became known in soviet history as the man who spanned the political horizon of the ussr between “ilyich and ilyich” ( ironically , the patronymic of both lenin and brezhnev was ilyich ) , having spent over 40 years at the top of the soviet hierarchical ladder .
once again mikoyan proved himself a good manager in the area populated with dozens of small nations . mikoyan was less brutal in bringing people under bolshevik rule than his predecessors . mindful of century - long traditions , he appealed to the common sense of the people , using persuasion rather than force to bring them under subjection . he also urged communists not to destroy churches and mosques and not to clash with the population on religious matters . he also demanded that his comrades respect the legitimate rights , which had been granted to merchants and rich peasants .
the mikoyan family was very religious and thus anastas’s father chose to send his young son to a theological seminary in the city of tiflis ( now tbilisi , capital of georgia ) . later anastas entered the seminary in the city of echmiadzin in armenia , which is the residence of
on may 1 , 1920 , according to the soviet encyclopedia , “the eleventh red army . . . entered baku . . under the leadership of ordzonikidse , kirov and mikoyan . ” a picture taken at the time shows mikoyan as a dashing young partisan fighter in riding boots , a long cossack ' s coat and astrakhan cap , with two cartridge belts crossed on his chest and an enormous dagger in his belt . next to him is ordzonikidse , in a peaked red army cap , and behind them , in a row of lesser figures , kirov . the picture was made during a victory parade in baku . mikoyan has his right hand raised in a military salute . but instead of looking straight ahead like all the others , he has his dark eyes turned sideways and is glowering self‐consciously and , it seems , suspiciously into the camera .
during the next leadership crisis , when khrushchev was challenged by molotov , kaganovich and malenkov , mikoyan ( along with suslov ) supported khrushchev when he was still in the minority . western specialists have never found any sign that he may have wavered . yet later on , at the 21st
mikoyan understood that signing every protocol initiated by stalin was the price he had to pay to retain his position and save his life . he sacrificed his convictions to diplomacy during the mass deportations of national minorities - crimean tatars , chechens , ingush and germans - to remote areas of the ussr .
mikoyan was born nov . 25 , 1895 , in the village of sanian , in what is now armenia . his father was a carpenter . like stalin , mikoyan got his education at a theological seminary in tbilisi ( tiflis ) . when he graduated he joined the bolshevik underground instead of the church . two years later , when the revolution came , he was 22 , a member of the party presidium in baku and editor of the local party newspaper . he became commissar of the baku brigade of the red army a few months later and was wounded during the fighting for the city .
after khrushchev was removed , mikoyan held the largely ceremonial position of chairman of the presidium of the supreme soviet from 1964 to december 1965 . although he was excluded from the party’s presidium in april 1966 , he remained a member of the central committee and continued to be honoured as a high official at public ceremonies . after his death in 1978 , mikoyan was not accorded interment in the kremlin wall , the traditional resting place for the most honoured soviet leaders : he was buried in the novodevichy cemetery , moscow , site of the graves of second - rank public figures , including that of khrushchev .
mikoyan ' s sense of balance made him oppose a trial for the anti‐party group and caused him to defend khrushchev at least to the point of wanting . to keep him in the presidium—but the same mod eration made him wince at some of khrushchev ' s sudden impulses and verbal plunges . some of the wincing was done publicly at receptions , where foreigners could observe it . yet the imaginative “idea‐man” mikoyan is thought to have seen a complementary figure in the unorthodox doer , khrushchev , and to have regarded him as a boss who was free enough from dogmatic prejudices to be willing to take his advice .
the early 1920s brought massive famine to the southern regions of russia . in nizhny novgorod the starved army and peasants were on the verge of revolt , but mikoyan employed all the persuasive skills he had acquired to subdue the tension . soon he was elected as head of the governing body of nizhny novgorod .
mikoyan abandoned the priesthood to join the bolshevik party in 1915 and to become one of the chiefs of the revolutionary movement in the caucasus . in 1918 he was arrested by british troops that had intervened in the russian civil war . after his release , he went to work in the communist party organization .
castro resumed his usual practice of meeting foreign dignitaries at the airport–a courtesy he pointedly did not do with acting secretary - general of the united nations u thant a few days earlier–persuaded by mikoyan’s conciliatory tone in endorsing castro’s five points in a statement before boarding the plane at idlewild airport in new york . 2
soviet first deputy chairman of the council of ministers anastas mikoyan had just returned from a long and difficult mission to cuba to help repair the damage caused by the outcome of the cuban missile crisis . president kennedy was schedule to meet him later in the day . mcgeorge bundy prepared a talking points paper .
when the famous “baku commune” collapsed in 1918 , mikoyan was jailed . he escaped with 35 companions . but the group was captured again when the freighter , in which they hoped to reach the communistheld northern shore of the caspian sea , delivered them instead to the british forces and the white guards in krasnovodsk .
the krasnovodsk episode , like most episodes , ended well for mikoyan , according to the official soviet biography . it seems that the british and the white guards found on one of the prisoners a paper identifying the members of the group entitled to receive food packages in jail . from this and from confiscated underground newspapers
in 1921 , when the soviets took hold of baku , mikoyan came to the city and coordinated the reburial of his “brothers in arms . ” their common grave can still be found in one of the central squares of baku and the memory of the baku 26 has been commemorated in almost every soviet city since .
at the same time leonid brezhnev was elected the second secretary of the central committee of the communist party . mikoyan sensed the shifting dynamics in the higher echelons of power and foresaw the rise of brezhnev’s star . he participated in the coup that displaced khrushchev from the top position and put brezhnev in the ruling seat .
in 1921 vladimir lenin had introduced the new economic policy ( nep ) , aimed at liberalizing trade in order to boost the country’s fragile economy . at first mikoyan was a supporter of liberal economic development . stalin , however , turned to tough measures against the middle - class and rich peasants , leading to their demise .
many still consider him one of the most contradictory yet skilled political figures of the soviet union . some historians and communist party officials have expressed surprise at mikoyan’s “art of political compromise . ” they say he could walk through the red square on a rainy day , passing between the drops of water and coming out dry .
this is the complete , comprehensive history of the famous mikoyan design bureau , from its establishment in 1939 to the present day . every aircraft type developed by the mikoyan okb is covered in detail , with descriptions of all known versions and a wealth of recently declassified data . line drawings are included for each major type , illustrating the difference between the versions , and there are also representative color side views and specification tables allowing the performance of different versions to be compared . production figures and information on mig aircraft operated abroad are also included . the book contains an impressive array of previously unpublished photographs , which will delight all fans of russian aviation .
few westerners in moscow today are willing to make pre‐ dictions about the length of time that any member of the hierarchy is likely to stay in his particular job . but most are convinced that if mikoyan ever ceases to be part of the leadership , it will be voluntarily and because of real as opposed to political old age .
during his three - month visit he did not only concentrate on the food industry - mikoyan had a productive talk with henry ford and studied the system of macy’s department store in new york . upon his return , mikoyan put some of his ideas into practice . he personally supervised the manufacturing of canned goods and sausages that turned out to be the russian version of american hot dogs . also , inspired by hamburgers , he launched the mass production of cutlets . his greatest love , however , was ice - cream , which contributed to the launch of the frozen foods industry and the transportation not only of comfort food but of many other goods that could be frozen .
anastas mikoyan was born in the village of sanain in the southernmost part of the russian empire ( present day northern armenian ) in 1895 . his father was a carpenter and his mother wove rugs . his younger brother , artyom mikyoan , later became known as an outstanding plane constructor and co - creator of the famous mig military aircraft .
after stalin’s death the ussr was again swept into a power struggle between lavrenty beria , the sinister commissar for the interior and the then head of the ukrainian committee of the communist party , nikita khrushchev . while it was still unclear who would end up ruling the ussr , mikoyan cautiously balanced between the opposing parties . however , as soon as it was clear that khrushchev was winning , mikoyan gave in to the majority , supported beria’s arrest and execution and soon became an ardent supporter of “de - stalinization . ” he also helped to restore many of his comrades to their posts in the communist party and organized support for the families of those who had been executed during the purges .
mikoyan’s support of stalin in the power struggle of the early 1920s earned him a post in the central committee of the party in 1923 . he was appointed people’s commissar for external and internal trade in 1926 , and thereafter consistently held posts relating to that field . in 1935 he was elected a member of the politburo , serving as its specialist on trade matters . appointed to the state defense committee ( february 1942 ) , which ruled the soviet union during world war ii , mikoyan supervised the procurement and transport of supplies to the armed forces . in 1946 he became deputy premier ( i . e . , vice chairman of the council of ministers ) , with responsibility for directing the country’s trade .
this trip was in the first days of the aftermath of the cuban missile crisis . the 33 - year - old sergo was again accompanying his father , anastas mikoyan , the first deputy chairman of the soviet council of ministers . anastas had been sent to smooth things over with fidel castro . castro had made it abundantly clear that he was furious with
this position was a stepping - stone to the higher echelons of power and gave him access to the top figures in the country – he traveled often to moscow , took part in all congresses of soviets and met with lenin on several occasions . finally in 1922 , 26 - year old mikoyan was elected into the central committee of the russian communist party .
mikoyan , who . will be 69 this month , has been close to the center of soviet power longer than any other man , dead or alive . with shvernik , another presidium member , more or less on the sidelines for the past few years , he is the only old , or prerevolutionary , bolshevik still fully active at thetop of the hierarchy .
though mikoyan is not likely to be as close to either brezhnev or kosygin as he was to khrushchev , there is not the faintest doubt that he remains in his post because they want him , and possibly need him , as a symbol of continuity and a link to the origins of the revolution which he helped to bring about and they didn ' t .
by this time it was clear the ussr would fall into turmoil unless the government started to develop food production . mikoyan became people’s commissar for food . in 1935 , after he was elected a full member of the politburo , he went on a “goodwill trip to the united states to boost economic cooperation between the two countries and study the development of the us economy . ”
his capacity for survival has often been marveled at by western writers . the conclusion usually was that he was shrewder , more skillful and tougher and had a stronger instinct of self‐preservation than most of the other members of the hierarchy . but , in addition , there are purely political reasons why mikoyan , a complex and extraordinarily intelligent man , had a better chance of lasting than others .
in one of mikoyan ' s most eloquent moments during the cuban trip , he addresses the officers of the pliev group of forces to explain the decisions of the soviet government . this is one of the first soviet efforts to spin the results of the cuban missile crisis to make it look as if khrushchev has envisioned it to turn out just exactly as it did , that the main goal - the defense of the cuban revolution - has been achieved . mikoyan assures them that their task has been carried out brilliantly and that the correlation of forces in the world is changing in the soviets ' favor . in this speech , however , there is some real criticism of the way the soviet military carried out operation anadyr . mikoyan takes a stab at the rocket forces decision makers ( marshall biryuzov ) , describing how the americans discovered the missiles :
they flew the u - 2 and discovered that our missiles were sticking up just like they were at a military parade in red square . only in red square they would be placed horizontally , and here they were deployed vertically . apparently , our rocket forces decided to make an offensive gesture to the americans .
mikoyan was overruled , and criticized for his stand , according to the reports . if , when everything was over , he had any emotions about the disappearance of his friend , he didn ' t show them . the day after the changes were announced he went to kiev to make the principal speech at a celebration of the 20th anniversary of the reentry of soviet troops into the city .
after the bolsheviks came to power in 1917 mikoyan did his best to suppress any resistance by opposition forces in the area . he crushed the revolt of the musavatists , the independent party of azerbaijan , in 1918 . when the civil war broke out all over the country , anastas became a commissar of the new red army regiment whose mission was to guard the city of baku from opposition forces .
as it happens , photographs taken in kiev on that day 20 years ago show khrushchev , then first secretary of the communist party of the ukraine , in the streets with the re‐entering soldiers , and up to the day of his disgrace he was praised for having played a vital role in the liberation of the ukraine . but his friend mikoyan managed not to mention his name during the celebration .
mikoyan tried hard to keep a low profile during stalin’s purges in the middle of the 1930s when millions of soviet citizens were declared “enemies of the people” and sent to labor camps on false charges . however , it was practically impossible to avoid any part in the purges . it was a final test of loyalty to stalin that every government official had to pass if he was to retain his position and in many cases avoid being arrested himself .
document 1 –telegram from ussr foreign minister gromyko to the soviet mission in new york for mikoyan regarding negotiations in cuba , november 1 , 1962 . [ source : avp rf ; copy obtained by nhk , provided by philip brenner , and on file at national security archive , washington , d . c . ; translation by john henriksen , published in the cold war international history project bulletin , no . 8 - 9 , p . 310 ]
for all anybody knows , mikoyan never made an effort , or even had the ambition , to become the all‐powerful man at the top . he never tried to build a party organization of his own . he never tried to create a personal following either in the party or in the country . the top men — stalin and khrushchev —had no reason to fear him . and those who were jockeying for positions beneath them had no reason to wait for him in ambush .
the documents , published today for the first time , allow us to be a fly on the wall as mikoyan goes about trying to fulfill his mission - first in new york and then in havana . we see him as a tough negotiator with john mccloy and adlai stevenson , defending the cuban position , knowing at the same time that soviet concessions had already been made and that his bargaining position was extremely weak . in cuba , mikoyan , faced with castro ' s flat rejection of ground inspections , is trying to find a compromise position with inspections by ambassadors from latin american countries who are already in cuba . we see how crucial he was in the dynamics of negotiating the end of the cuban missile crisis - at the very nexus of a three - party negotiation , negotiating with the cubans , privy to all communications between moscow and its representatives at the u . n . , and in daily contact with the presidium and nikita khrushchev himself .
mikoyan stayed in the provinces for six years after the baku victory . in 1926 , stalin brought him to moscow . his party and government careers were outwardly smooth and steady from then on . he was made an alternate member of the politburo that same year ; in 1935 , he became a full member ; and he still is . he became commissar of supplies in 1931 ; from 1933 to 1955 , he was uninterruptedly either minister of internal or foreign trade or both ; this is still ins major interest .
over the years he became a famous trader and socialist entrepreneur . american businessmen have been quoted as saying that if he had emigrated to the united states he would now be a multi‐millionaire with a park avenue penthouse . he has become known as the man who introduced eskimo pie to the soviet union and who gave his name to a moscow meat packing plant . the “mikoyan cutlet”—nobody knows whether it is pork or beef or perhaps fish or fowl—is still the cheapest , most popular if not most revered piece of meat a few kopecks can buy .
thirty‐six years later , another cameraman caught him in exactly the same pose , in different dress and circumstances . wearing a shiny black silk hat , he is slumping in a seat of what looks like a theater during a gala reception in pakistan . again he is the first figure in the foreground , with other dignitaries on his right . the others again are absorbed in the official spectacle . and mikoyan alone , his head slightly turned , is keeping watch , out of the corner of his eyes , on what is going on off camera .
document 2 – record of a dinner conversation between cpsu cc politburo member a . i . mikoyan , white house envoy john mccloy , and u . s . ambassador to the un adlai stevenson , november 1 , 1962 . [ source : foreign policy archive of the russian federation ; provided to the cwihp . copy on file at the national security archive . translation by vladislav m . zubok for the national security archive . published in cold war international history ( cwihp ) bulletin , issues 8 - 9 , winter 1996 / 1997 , pp . 315 - 320 ]
mikoyan is also very sensitive to the issue of revolutionary legacy and concerned about the effect of the soviet withdrawal on chinese influence in cuba . he is using every
opportune moment
to criticize the chinese position and draw comparisons between the soviet willingness to defend cuba with the real blood and life of its own soldiers and the chinese efforts to donate blood by their embassy people in havana . he suggests that if china was serious about helping cuba , it could have created a distraction - create a crisis around taiwan , or take over some portuguese or british bases , like hong kong .
on october 28 , after khrushchev and kennedy had just resolved the most acute and public part of the cuban missile crisis , the soviet leaders decided to send anastas mikoyan to cuba to settle the crisis between the soviet union and their ally , cuba . fidel castro , who was not consulted or even informed about the negotiations between the soviets and the americans , sent khrushchev an angry letter
disagreeing
with the policies of the soviet government . khrushchev knew he had a real problem in cuba - with 42 , 000 soviet military personnel armed with tactical nuclear weapons - and an emotional revolutionary leader , who felt betrayed and abandoned by the kremlin .
moreover , having supported khrushchev during the showdown , mikoyan later opposed the members of the winning faction who wanted to bring the anti‐party group to trial . this was essentially the same position he took during the showdown on khrushchev ' s fate last month . according to the best reports now available , he was not among those who initiated khrushchev ' s downfall . he joined the majority and made the decision unanimous , these reports say . in the central committee he is said to have intervened to advocate a smooth transition under which khrushchev , though guilty of “obvious errors , ” would have remained a member of the party presidium and hence an honored elder statesman .
following the formal birth of their design bureau in 1939 , the mikoyan and gurevich design team ascended with extraordinary rapidity into the ranks of the aerospace elite . this meteoric rise was not without justification , as their perseverance had resulted in the development of a number of truly exceptional fighters in an environment that would have defeated a less tenacious pair in short order . beginning with the mig - 1 and mig - 3 piston engine fighters , their work consistently represented the state - of - the art in the soviet union for some four decades and did not end with their respective deaths in 1970 and 1976 . talented engineers such as rostislav belyakov were quick to fill the voids left by their mentors , and as result , the legacy of excellence continues .
translated to english by the c . i . a . , this soviet propaganda film was originally created in july , 1967 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the russian revolution , and to document the moscow air show . the film also shows some of the history of aviation in the ussr . this amazing film features combat footage from wwii , as well as ( at about the 3 minute mark ) interesting historic footage of aircraft designers pavel sukhoi , alexander yakovlev and artem mikoyan and mikhail gurevich ( the men behind the
mig
) , and many others . a gigantic air show is then shown - - the 50th anniversary of the october revolution air show that was held in the summer , on 9 july 1967 at domodedovo airport . this unprecedented display of air power featured twelve new types or variants of military aircraft including the mig - 23 , mig - 25 , su - 11 , su - 15 , su - 17 , and stol aircraft ( mig , su , yak - 36 ) . the advances revealed prompted great concern in the west . this film is part of the periscope film llc archive , one of the largest historic military , transportation , and aviation stock footage collections in the usa . entirely film backed , this material is available for licensing in 24p hd and 2k . for more information visit urltoken
. . . but there was a let down in production values . in the early ' 90s there was a book entitled
okb mig
by the same publisher . it was good for it ' s time but the flood of new information on russian military hardware ( and the appetite for it ) was only beginning . with four newer and better okb titles released the mig title was ripe for overhaul . once
okb mikoyan
was announced i put my copy of
okb mig
on the sale list . it is certainly a vast improvement on the original . authors gordon and komissarov should be familiar names to any soviet / russian aerospace enthusiast and their efforts here are well up to the high standards they ' ve set in other books . they held up their end . however , the production values slipped in a number of respects and this prevented the book from getting 5 stars . 1 . most seriously , the poor reproduction of the line drawings in the first half of the book . up through and including the mig - 19 the drawings look like multiple generation copies of originals . pixelation , jagged lines , lines dropping out , are all in evidence . thankfully , from the mig - 21 series onward there is much improvement . 2 . there are numerous
editing glitches
in the book . photo captions sometimes refer to photos on the opposite page which aren ' t there . obviously a layout change didn ' t catch up with the captions . the paragraph that introduces chapters 7 ( combat projects ) and 8 ( commercial aircraft ) are identical . the paragraph for chapter 7 was lost at some point . 3 . a fair amount of typos in this book . this is unavoidable in a work this size with so many alphanumerical designations but it seemed excessive . a lot of botched metric to english conversions ( when in doubt go with the metric ) . 4 . for whatever reason there was a decision not to cover chinese variants of the mig - 21 even though chinese versions of previous mig fighters * were * covered . also there was no coverage of the mig - 21 ' s combat career even though all other aircraft have such coverage . why ? all this said these deficiencies are in no way deal breakers . this is good value for the ( admittedly high ) asking price . i hope there are plans afoot at midland to upgrade the sukhoi book and add other design bureaus like mil ' and antonov .
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moscow , feb . 21 - when the russian carrier aeroflot announces next month which manufacturer will replace part of its aging fleet of long - range passenger jets , a russian contestant will not even be in the running .
yet much more than next month ' s deal is at stake . a fierce battle here between boeing and its rival , airbus , is just getting warm , with airbus talking tuesday of a long - term cooperation pact worth $ 25 billion as it jostles to gain the upper hand .


hiroshima plant is an automobile manufacturing complex in aki and ujina , hiroshima , japan operated by mazda motor corporation .

the complex consists of two main elements , the head office in aki district , and the main plant in nearby ujina district .

it was mazda 's only car-assembly plant in japan until the hofu plant opened in 1982 .

mazda 's own museum is situated within the plant , showcasing some of mazda 's historic cars and their present and future models .

hiroshima ( mazda factory )

visit the mazda museum and factory in hiroshima , the car company ' s home city .
hiroshima district office renamed to hiroshima branch , and moved to 12027 - 2 kitashinchi , akigun sakacho , hiroshima .
jr pass for train back to hiroshima station . eat lunch quickly at hiroshima station .
hiroshima branch moved to 2 - 2 - 6 , niho hiroshima minami - ku .
hiroshima branch moved to 4 - 5 - 22 , kitashinchi , akigun sakacho , hiroshima .
the mazda factory in japan is located 5 minutes walk from the jr mukainada station . , close to hiroshima . this is mazda’s head office building .
from hiroshima take a local train which stops virtually opposite the mazda factory reception centre . it is only about 10 minutes by train from hiroshima . you need a booking but the tour is free .
the information board of the mazda factory lands . i constructed the google map from this picture .
mazda founder junjiro matsuda narrowly escaped the 1945 u . s . bombing of hiroshima .
the headquarters of mazda is located in a pretty quiet and nondescript area of hiroshima .
hiroshima branch moved to prefectural ujina chuo # 3 3 - 12 , ujina kaigan , minami - ku , hiroshima city .
mazda’s factory at hiroshima is one of the largest single - site plants in the world . the plant has an annual production capacity of more than 500 , 000 cars .
japan is famous for her factory tours . one of the best that we visited was the mazda factory tour at the head office in hiroshima . the mazda factory is located just a 6 minute train ride from hiroshima and is very easy to get to . the mazda tour includes a guided tour around the mazda museum , then a bus trip through the plant . the visit also includes a tour of active production lines . all in all its a superb visit and a great free thing to do in japan .
picture from the privately owned bridge which links the two sides of the factory grounds .
final thoughts , if one is visiting hiroshima , visiting the mazda factory is a nice short side trip and the tour only lasts about 2 hours . it is nice change of mood from visiting the atomic bomb dome or atomic bomb museum in hiroshima .
after that we boarded a bus which drove us over the privately owned bridge to the main factory . beside the main factory was the mazda museum . the route of the tour took us through the mazda museum and to the main assembly line .
behind that answer , though , lies a story of how mazda made a virtue of necessity when it reopened the aged factory last year . mazda ' s experience offers lessons in how ingenuity can make even an out - of - date factory competitive .
after the actual factory tour we were taken to the final area of the mazda museum which showed their prototype cars of the future .
osaka rashi hambai was established in daihojimachi minami - ku , osaka city by kaneo hashimoto , for purpose of supplying fasteners ( nuts & bolts ) mainly for mazda motor company . hiroshima district office was set up in nishihonuracho , hiroshima minami - ku , hiroshima city .
last friday on july 9 , 2010 , we went on our last field trip as part of the intensive japanese language program to the mazda factory in hiroshima city . after visiting this factory , i would have visited the factories of every single major automobile manufacturer with the exception of honda . i previously visited the
you get to walk above the production line and see the cars being made . they also have a video explaining the entire car - making process . the tour guide spoke good english and was very informative . part of the tour includes visiting the museum but i don ' t think you can visit the museum alone since it ' s well inside the mazda factory campus . we also visited the toyota factory in toyota , aichi prefecture and we thought that it was more impressive than the mazda factory . but if you ' re in hiroshima i highly recommend visiting the mazda factory .
p . o . box 158 , factory & american roads , st . john ' s , antigua
you can also pick up some official gear from the hiroshima carp – the city’s professional baseball team that mazda sponsors .
“this determination to rebuild from zero is a current that runs through hiroshima - based mazda , ” the website says .
hiroshima - - mazda motor corp . , the most famous company from hiroshima , may have survived the city’s infamous atomic bombing on aug . 6 , 1945 , quite literally by only a split hair .
throughout the mazda ' s history , the company has conveyed innovation . ever since hiroshima days , mazda continues to be in the front line of automotive sectors .
these are some pictures of the factory grounds ( again we were not supposed to take photos of the factory grounds ) . the large parking garages on both sides of the road store the newly assembled cars from the factory . once they are ready for shipping , they are driven one by one to mazda ' s private port onto a ship for export .
mazda began publishing letter from mazda in 1995 to share the information about mazda ' s social - contribution activities , products and business operations , particularly with the people living nearby its head office in hiroshima , japan . today , mazda publishes letter from mazda four times a year .
from hiroshima station take bus 11 , 12 , 13 via via mukainada - eki mae ( mazda - honsha mae ) .
1 - 1 - 16 ueda saka - cho , aki - gun , hiroshima .
hiroshima , japan - - breaking a longstanding taboo , tiny mazda motor corp . is finally opening up about its hiroshima roots , its role in world war ii and the atomic bombing of its hometown nearly 70 years ago .
“for years , mazda was unable to talk about where they came from because once you talk about hiroshima , it just fills people’s minds , ” the consultant said , adding : “the japanese people were kind of ashamed of hiroshima . ”
this audacious spirit has taken root throughout mazda , from the design room to the factory floor . boldly go where no wheel has rolled before . that’s our winning formula .
the mazda museum will be temporarily closed on monday , july 9 and tuesday , july 10 , 2018 due to the heavy rain disaster happened in hiroshima .
while all of japan’s car companies have their own territory so to speak , hiroshima is 100 per cent a mazda town . this becomes apparent within moments of hopping off the train at hiroshima station and seeing the brand new atenzas that were proudly displayed within the station .
the mazda motor corporation , founded in hiroshima in 1920 , still retains its corporate headquarters in the city of its origins . in addition to the headquarters , mazda owns a large plot of coastal land which accommodates research and development laboratories , factories , and shipping facilities . the company museum and part of a factory are made available for public viewing .
hi : there is adequate free storage , and security , at mazda head office . there may be paid storage at hiroshima station , but not at mukainada .
the overall goal is to reduce the mental stress of the line worker , says hiroshi kamiya , a mazda executive officer and manager of the hiroshima plant complex .
the streak of defiance and adventure that runs through mazda cars has its roots in the heritage of hiroshima , our home in japan . like the legendary phoenix , hiroshima rose from the ashes of nuclear destruction . refusing to stop dreaming of a better future , the people in the region have overcome daunting challenges over and over again . the spirit of courage and grit that has underpinned hiroshima’s successful rebuilding has continued to be an inspiration to mazda .
some of the light pick - up trucks that members of my union local produce are sold as mazdas , so i arranged to tour the plant in hiroshima . one - quarter of the working population in hiroshima prefecture works for the mazda auto company , its subsidiaries , or subcontractors .
the hiroshima factory spans three kilometers east to west , and close to a million cars are produced there a year . of the 27 , 000 employees at the plant about half are production workers , only 50 of whom are women , the plant manager said .
mazda has always been a bit of an underdog compared to its juggernaut rivals nissan , toyota and honda – but driving around hiroshima you wouldn’t know it . mazda is the car of choice here , and it’s not surprising considering the car company is hiroshima’s largest employer and a pivotal part of the local economy . it’s something that goes back to jujiro matsuda and his toyo cork kogyo company of the early 1920s , which ultimately went on to become the mazda motor corporation . today the city is home not only to mazda’s corporate headquarters , but to its massive hiroshima manufacturing facility .
mazda museum , fuchu - cho : address , phone number , mazda museum reviews : 4 . 5 / 5
not only can mazda build four , five or even six different cars on the same assembly line , it can also have two or three of those complicated lines running inside the same factory . without sacrificing quality .
visitors to the museum first assemble at the mazda head office building and sign in at the front desk . when the tour is scheduled to begin , a mazda tour guide directs visitors onto a bus to take them to the museum building on the nearby grounds of mazda ' s hiroshima plant .
jr pass for train from hiroshima station to mazda tour . ( see mazda tour website for
access
directions , and get train schedules from www . hyperdia . com . ) be sure to allow time to walk from train station to mazda tour . reserve your tickets for the tour online now .
take a local train from hiroshima to mukainada station ( 5 minutes , 190 yen , frequent departures ) , from where the mazda head office can be reached in a five minute walk .
mazda head office , located in hiroshima prefecture , has many functions , including development , manufacturing , and sales . based on the three pillars of the company’s basic policy on social contribution initiatives , the mazda head office conducts a wide variety of social contribution activities , with a particular focus on community contributions in and around fuchu - cho , aki - gun and hiroshima city .
producing over a million vehicles per year , mazda is one of japan ' s largest automobile companies and has enjoyed global success . mazda ' s home however is hiroshima and it is here that the head office is still based . this is also where you can visit the mazda museum and car factory on a guided tour . these tours are by appointment only and provide a fascinating insight into the company ' s history and future and the car making process in general .
moreover , the japanese car maker mazda has chosen the port of barcelona as its distribution hub . autoterminal has signed an agreement with mazda through the barcelona terminal will distribute these cars , manufactured in hiroshima , through seven countries in europe and the mediterranean .
by that time , though , matsuda had made it back across town to around the current location of the mazda zoom - zoom stadium , home to the hiroshima toyo carp professional baseball team .
a photo of hiroshima ' s atomic bomb dome , a ruin symbolizing the u . s . attack , is displayed on mazda ' s revamped global website under the tab “our story . ”
visited the mazda factory with a guided tour in english . arrived at the factory in car and managed to find a parking lot at the factory ( do inform mazda in advance , so that they can advise on the availability ) . meet up was at the lobby , and there is a simulator at the lobby for the children to play while waiting for the tour to start . thereafter , we boarded a bus and took a tour around the whole compound before we arrive at the factory . while in the bus , the mazda tour guide explained in fluent english the functions of the different buildings in the compound . we also found out that mazda has their own port to ease the export of the cars . once we arrived at the factory , we were ushered to an area to watch a short clip on the mazda ' s spirit . then we were brought around the museum to view the different mazda ' s cars throughout the years . the highlight of the tour is the guided walk through the factory production line . it ' s an eye opener where you could see how parts are being fitted onto a car . no photos are allowed to be taken in the part of the tour though . after touring the production line , a bus would send us back to the first meeting point and before we left , we were presented with a complimentary mazda folder and were asked to complete a survey form . overall , this is indeed an educational and excellent experience !
since 1931 mazda has been producing automobiles in hiroshima . born the toyo cork kogyo company in 1920 , the company’s main plant is here in hiroshima . it has 3 plants and 4 proving grounds in japan . there are a further 15 sites worldwide producing a total of 1 . 26 million cars in the year to march 31 , 2014
this “one mazda” culture reflects the company’s unique integrated structure of operations . carmakers’ various vital functions – development , production and marketing – are typically scattered across different regions . at mazda , all of these functions are concentrated in the area around our headquarters in hiroshima . in this tightly knit cluster , it is easy for designers , engineers , factory workers and marketing people to put their heads together and come up with ideas for great cars .
we booked in advance , caught the train and walked a few hundred metres to the factory . we were taken on a tour of this amazingly enormous factory which is just difficult to describe . to put it into some context , they house some staff on site and they ' ve built a mazda hospital opposite the factory . the tour takes you through the production line , you get to see some of the cars being assembled , you then go through the museum and see a collection of mazda cars through the ages . my wife isn ' t overly enthusiastic about cars , but even she enjoyed the whole tour . it ' s free and easy to get to , if you ' ve got a spare half a day or so in hiroshima it ' s definitely worth checking out .
i like my cars and being in hiroshima for a couple of days i had to check this out . book in advance . . .
a 5 - minute walk from
jr mukainada station
, accessible from hiroshima station by taking the jr sanyo line or kure line .
the miyoshi plant , located in miyoshi city in northern hiroshima prefecture , comprises a comprehensive vehicle proving ground and an engine plant . since the opening of the vehicle proving ground in 1965 , the miyoshi plant has placed particular focus on community contribution to meet the community’s needs , working in close cooperation with mazda group companies in northern hiroshima prefecture .
hiroshima , japan , 27 august 2013 . strong demand for its new - generation skyactiv models has prompted mazda motor corporation to boost skyactiv engine production capacity at its hiroshima plant by one - quarter . when completed by the end of 2014 , the expansion from 800 , 000 units to 1 million annually will also make the facility more flexible .
while i was in hiroshima , an article appeared in the daily paper asahi shimbun noting that some 33 mazda subcontractors have gone bankrupt since the onset of the economic downturn in japan in 1990 - 91 .
there are only 150 spots per day for an english language conducted tour of the museum ( 10 am everyday ) , so one needs to book in advance . the tour is free and one is taken from the head office to the factory that is 10 minutes away , by bus . the museum tour includes a demo room consisting of all classic mazda models over the years as well as a peek into the factory assembly line . worth it if you are a big mazda fan !
the reopened plant boasts a number of improvements , particularly in the paint shop . but those improvements could have been included in any factory . what sets ujina no . 2 apart is how mazda turned the two - story layout into an advantage .
both artifacts are part of the weave that makes up the tapestry of the modern city here . the official flower is the nerium olander , so honoured because it was the first to grow back after the explosion . the unofficial vehicle of the city is , of course , mazda , which has been headquartered here since its beginning as the toyo cork kogyo company in 1920 . providing an estimated third of the area’s gross domestic product , hiroshima is mazda , and mazda is hiroshima .
it ' s a little over four hours by train and y18550 each way . tokyo to hiroshima via shinkasen + local train to mukainda . urltoken
on 17th july we have the full day at hiroshima and we can start early and end late . my question is , if it is possible to do peace park , mazda factory tour and miyajima all in one day ? if yes , what is the right order to do it in ? which place first , second and third . how much time in each and travel tips if any .
being a driver of the mazda maita i had to drag my wife and her brother & wife to this tour of the mazda production line . we saw new miatas and other mazdas being put together by both robotic machines and skilled workers with pneumatic tools . any car buff would be excited to see this factory and some of the cars that have been produced by mazda in the last 60 years !
amazingly , the factory and headquarters of his company , then called toyo kogyo co . , was mostly unscathed . a mountain between it and the hypocenter shielded the plant from most of the blast .
but now , ishihara has figured out how to triple miata production for 1990 : he plans to shift production of mazda ' s 323 subcompacts to another nearby line inside the same factory . that should free up more space for the miata , enabling mazda to build 60 , 000 this year - - including 40 , 000 earmarked for the united states .
if you wake up very early , there might be time for a stroll to the hondori district or the hiroshima carp (
mazda zoom zoom
) baseball stadium . see urltoken @ 34 . 3917813 , 132 . 4853435 , 17z
for here in hiroshima , ishihara is the boss of assembly line no . 5 inside mazda ' s giant u - 1 plant , and that means that he is responsible for building mazda ' s miata two - seat convertible , the automobile that has evoked a kind of visceral lust among millions of americans .
also on display is the mazda capella ( aka mazda 626 and ford telstar ) which earned the car of the year title for 1982 - 83 .
jr pass for sightseeing loop bus back to hiroshima station . ( if you have time , you could take an indirect route and see more of the city . )
tour was very informative ( was all in english ) and it was amazing to see actually how big the mazda hq factory is , i couldnt believe it , its huge ! seeing actual humans putting cars together was cool and how all the processes work . very easy to . . .
mazda has always been a car maker that’s done things a little differently , so it’s fitting that it would offer a museum experience unlike any company out there . if you ever find yourself in the wonderful city of hiroshima , i highly recommend arranging a visit to experience this unique showcase of mazda’s history and automotive technology .
and a revamped global website has a prominent “our story” tab asserting “the legacy of hiroshima is also mazda’s legacy . ” in one photo , a mazda3 sedan cruises by the city’s atomic bomb dome , the hollowed - out ruin symbolizing the attack .
tour of the mazda factory occur daily in both english and japanese . there are no tours on weekends or company holidays . the english tour begins at 10 : 00 an the japanese tour at 13 : 30 . each english tour takes about 90 minutes , japanese tours are around 60 minutes .
walk along mazda motor corp . ' s ujina no . 2 assembly line in hiroshima , japan , and you ' ll notice something strange . the racks of parts bins filled with parts waiting to be installed on cars are nowhere to be found .
msds header for 2010 mazda 3 2 . 5l engine ( daily driving situations )
the battery tender global mazda mx - 5 cup presented by bfgoodrich tires is the signature spec series for the mazda road to 24 ( # mrt24 ) , the sports car counterpart to the mazda road to indy ( # mrti ) . on both paths , mazda - powered champions earn a mazda scholarship to advance their career . the mx - 5 cup champion earns a $ 200 , 000 scholarship .
a 1971 mazda t2000 , long wheelbase , but with a good turning circle .
a detailed shot of the gas cap emblem on a 1960s mazda bongo van .
even though we were not allowed to take photos inside the factory , i managed to sneak a few . i could have gotten more if there weren ' t so many people who were in the back of the line .
not surprisingly , mazda also operates a company museum in its hometown – but unlike some of others , you can’t just show up and browse around whenever you’d like . the museum is actually situated deep within the factory itself , and access is via a guided tour that also takes you around the plant itself .
arranging the tour is not difficult though . it’s offered in both english and japanese and is available completely free of charge . once you’ve made your reservations , you arrive at the mazda head office ( easily accessible via train ) and then board a small bus for the short ride down to the waterfront factory .
the new arrangement moves parts through the system faster . the time from when a part arrives at the unloading dock to when it leaves the factory in a car dropped by 20 percent compared with pre - closure operations . at full production , that time will have been cut by 35 percent , mazda projects .
like toyota to nagoya , mazda plays a large role in hiroshima ' s economy . although mazda is not as large as toyota , it still produces over a million cars a year and is an innovative player in the japanese auto industry . for instance , in 1991 mazda became the first and only japanese company to win the le mans grand prix . continuing efforts to create more efficient vehicles include improving its version of rotary engines .
has anyone gone from tokyo to the mazda museum in hiroshima . it looks like a pretty long trip and expensive as well . is there a cheap train pass that does not have the trip take 15 hours one way , or maybe a cheap round trip flight . any ideas , is this something i should not do ? i am a pretty big mazda freak . we are planning on going from tokyo to mt fuji , would it be better to just continue the trip from fuji to hiroshima then fly back to nrt airport .
founded on the principle of “providing the best and most up - to - date medical care , and contributing to society with warmth and kindness of heart , ” mazda hospital is committed to community contribution by providing healthcare as a core community hospital in eastern hiroshima city .
the mx - 5 cup race cars start as complete mx - 5 road cars from the mazda hiroshima , japan factory before being transported to engineering development partner long road racing in statesville , north carolina where they are produced into a race car . the process includes disassembly of the production car , welding and paint of a full roll cage and interior , and assembly of the race car , adding more than 250 motorsports - specific parts . other components of the car , including the mazda skyactiv 2 . 0 liter engine are sealed to ensure even competition and a cost - effective platform .
mazda craftsmen at work . diesels and gasoline engines are built on the same line .
and ishihara has mazda ' s remarkably flexible approach to manufacturing to thank for that .
editor ' s note : this story has been amended to better reflect the number of estimated casualties resulting from the atomic bombing of hiroshima , japan , on aug . 6 , 1945 .
driving through the gates of the company’s sprawling factory , you get a sense of that 90 - year history . while the modernized buildings where mazda’s skyactiv engine blocks are cast and bored from aluminum are filled with cnc machines and robotic processes , there are countless other outbuildings , streaked with rust , vegetation growing in the cracks .
it’s a flexibility that allows for speed of delivery . according to mazda canada president shusuke koreeda , should you wish to walk into your local mazda dealership and order a factory - made vehicle – perhaps a manual - transmission mazda6 in a colour that’s not sitting on the showroom floor – the order can be processed at a speed such that the car would be on the west coast of canada within four to six weeks .
as our operations have expanded globally , the “one mazda” culture and our audacious spirit have extended beyond our hiroshima operations to offices and factories around the world . with a streak of defiance and adventure in them , our cars will continue to make drivers’ hearts leap and inspire their imagination .
how - to install android auto in a mazda 3 , cx3 , cx5 and others .
today , mazda has reduced inventories at the assembly line . tomorrow , mazda may eliminate some of the excess cars on dealership lots , thanks to lessons learned at an outdated plant .
tours of the mazda museum and factory are held daily , except weekends and company holidays . the english tour starts at 10 : 00 and the japanese tour at 13 : 30 . the duration of the tours is approximately 90 minutes . the tour is free of charge , but reservations must be made in advance by phone or e - mail .
hiroshima , japan — masami ishihara , the man in charge of building what is arguably the hottest car in the western world , is about to beat a headache that has been bugging him for months .
the mazda museum is a museum where you can view the past , present and future of mazda ' s cars and car making . the museum is composed of six different areas , introducing cars ranging from classic cars of yesteryear to the latest concept cars , for you to experience and enjoy . the tour course also includes a tour of the factory assembly line , where you can view first hand the process of making a car from start to finish .
we arrive into hiroshima from tokyo late evening on 16th july and leave for kyoto early on 18th july . we are a family of 2 adults and 2 kids aged 8 and 13 . staying at granvia .
several kilometres away , tucked in a different sort of museum , is another three - wheeled vehicle . it’s a green motorcycle - based truck called the mazda type - tcs and in the aftermath of the bombing it helped ferry away rubble and bring supplies as the people of hiroshima came together to rebuild .
behold , the 1968 mazda bongo 1000 van . not only did the bongo have one of the coolest names ever put on a vehicle , it’s also been part of mazda’s lineup ever since .
because the mazda cx - 5 suv had just won the japan car of the year award , the lobby included a display of other mazda vehicles that have taken the honor in the past . seen here is the mazda familia hatchback which won the award for the 1980 - 81 model year .
kawahara explained how the union was set up at ishizaki in 1984 . when mazda built a new plant in hofu , japan , ishizaki set up shop there too .
but the bosses at ishizaki were afraid the communist party might set up a union at the new plant so the company bosses went to the mazda hiroshima union , mazda roren . the union leadership [ at the new plant ] was hand - picked and one day a lead man all of a sudden announced there is a union .
having no interest in cars , i had a blast ! a guided tour through the mazda museum saw many photos taken . no photos are allowed in the actual factory where we lingered , enthralled . the time precision was phenomenal and the importance of robotics unquestioned . my highlight was the cars of the future . many car enthusiasts on the tour were totally engaged . prior to the tour bags must be cloaked in secure lockers . use of the immaculate washrooms is advised as there are none on the tour . a wonderful tully ' s coffee shop was very much appreciated also . the factory is two blocks of easy walking from the train station .
and speaking of international achievement , the museum also includes a special display dedicated to the mazda 787b .
reservations are required for the mazda museum tour and can be made by telephone or via this website .
expanding production is a key part of mazda’s goal to increase global sales by 2016 to 1 . 7 million vehicles , some 80 per cent of which are expected to feature skyactiv technology . beyond hiroshima , skyactiv engines are currently manufactured at changan ford mazda engine co . in china , where production began in june 2013 . they will also be produced in mexico at mazda motor manufacturing de mexico s . a . de c . v . starting in the fourth quarter of the current fiscal year , which ends in march 2014 .
great tour . in english . easy to get to in hiroshima . i have been there twice now , proves it is worthwhile . june 2012 and december 2017 . one can learn a lot there . very hospitable place .
the vehicles manufactured by the volkswagen group in martorell and in navarre are transported to our port by rail . the psa citroen factory and the other spanish manufacturers are choosing the rail mode to transport their vehicles to barcelona for export , thanks to our firm commitment to railways in recent years .
back to that three - wheeled truck : here , in mazda’s small on - site museum , it’s one of a number of vehicles the company keeps as snapshots of its timeline . if you’re in hiroshima and arrange a tour , you’ll both get to see part of the assembly process , and gain entry to this vehicular archive .
mazda’s identity , or lack thereof , emerged as a sore point after ford sold its controlling stake and the companies went their separate ways . market research in europe suggested that overseas consumers had only vague notions about mazda . many thought it was korean , according to one communication consultant who worked with mazda and ford .
more recently we have the nc chassis mazda roadster , which won the award upon its debut in 2005 .
in 1996 , mazda introduced its brand - new symbol , the mazda ‘m’ that is currently used on all automobiles manufactured by the company . a year later , mazda introduced the fully redesigned version of the roadster , which immediately became a hit in the japan market . additionally , the company strengthened its drive in europe .
mazda managers informally call the new elevators
batchelators
because each carries one batch of parts . the elevators also are easier to remove and reinstall , in case mazda wants to reconfigure the line in the future .
i am trying to make a reservation online for madza plant in hiroshima . but i could not proceed with the reservation due to this message
enter the visitor ' s first name using half - width letters .
please advice .
ujina no . 2 opened in 1972 . because of its location , the plant used a two - story layout . it is squeezed between the ujina no . 1 plant and hiroshima bay . there is no open space for expansion .
（1）to confirm reservations for the mazda museum via mail , telephone , fax , or e - mail . （2）to conduct surveys as necessary in order to prepare pamphlets or commemorative items for the mazda museum or to plan events .
unfortunately photography is not permitted inside the factory grounds , but it was fascinating to look out the window as the bus made its way through the gigantic facility , which is really like its own independent city . after the quick ride , the bus arrives at the museum lobby and the cameras can come out .
one glaring omission from mazda’s retold history : it gives short shrift to its three - decade partnership with ford .
in 1945 , the atomic bomb incident occurred in hiroshima . the company had no choice but to cease production of automobiles for several years . nevertheless , by 1949 the company was up and running again and began exporting its 3 - wheeled trucks to india . many vehicles introduced throughout the 50s and 60s used the name ‘mazda’ , but the company’s name remained unchanged .
mazda familia sport - 4 rally wrc 1989 prototipe . . . where are the only one red and one black ?
then as we’re given a little of the history of mazda , we get to see some of the historic models .
mazda group companies are fulfilling their responsibilities through ongoing involvement in socially beneficial activities tailored to the needs of local communities .
in a glass case inside the hiroshima peace museum , there is a child’s tricycle , blistered by atomic heat and rusted by the years . it’s a simple object , but the emotional impact is like a punch to the gut – such is its purpose .
in 1988 , the company fully redesigned the famous fwd familia and then moved on to establish the mazda autozam and mazda eunos dealership channels . the 90s were an incredibly successful period for mazda and the company’s production exceeded 25 million units . this is when mazda introduced many famous vehicles , such as the az - 3 , presso , cronoss , scrum , anfini ms - 9 and 6 , and of course the anfini rx - 7 which gained a lot of success worldwide .
the name ‘mazda’ derives from ahura mazda , the highest zoroastrians god , who grants wisdom to unite nature and man . the company website , on the other hand , states that the name is derived from the company’s founder , jujiro matsuda .
in 1985 , the production rates of mazda - rotary engines exceeded 1 . 5 million units and the all - new luce ( 929 ) was introduced . a year later , the company’s production in japan exceeded 20 million units and mazda decided to open a new research center in yokohama , japan . the same year , mazda motor manufacturing usa also began production .
the city itself is like any other japanese metropolis to the western eye , densely populated and filled with multi - story housing . after a while though , you notice that it’s nothing like tokyo , much less busy and more parochial . one of mazda’s ex - pat employees jokingly refers to hiroshima as , “the saskatoon of japan . ” just a tad more mountainous , of course .
impressive stuff , yet even more eye - opening is both the speed and precision with which mazda’s factory workers assemble components . while each has a specific job , the line presents a variety of engines and vehicles to put together . your humble author attempted to find the button that would divert the 2 . 3l turbocharged powerplant of a mazdaspeed3 into a mazda5 minivan , but a rather stern - looking fellow in a hardhat was watching too closely to attempt any shenanigans .
sixty - six units of the mazda - go were sold in the first year . however , since the company did not have its own sales network , most of the vehicles produced by mazda were marketed through mitsubishi , which used its emblem on mazda products . soon , due to the impending war , the company shifted its interest to producing weapons for the japanese military .
i like my cars and being in hiroshima for a couple of days i had to check this out . book in advance as english tours are limited and tour is free . tour guide was easy to understand . very easy to find too , right beside . . .
very easy to get to - 2 stops from hiroshima main train station and then 5 minutes walk . the museum bit was disappointed - not many cars on display . still worth going for the assembly line and being driven around the facilities . very little to . . .
mazda’s first venture into the passenger car market came in 1960 with the introduction of the r360 coupe . not only was the r360 a groundbreaking vehicle for mazda , it was also a car that helped to establish japan’s micro car market during the 1960s .
mazda’s car business continued to boom in the early ’60s , with the introduction of models like the carol , which had room for four - passengers . this particular 1963 carol 600 was decorated to commemorate the mazda’s 1 , 000 , 000 vehicle produced .
eleven different cars are built at the complex , which includes engine and stamping plants . i was struck by the large number of operations done by robots on the assembly line . the assembly operations were similar to those where i work , but i noticed that no smoking or refreshments are allowed on the factory floor - very different than my plant .
my partner wanted to go here as he is into cars and i reluctantly went along . . . little did i know that it would be so interesting and enjoyable . i loved it ! ! the tour of the factory was very cool and being able to go and watch cars being manufactured on the assembly line was highly enjoyable . there is also the option to sit in all the new model cars on the showroom floor as well as see many mazda models from the past . there is also some car simulators there as well as photo booths to get your photo taken in a funky mazda vehicle .
as automobile ownership experienced rapid growth in japan , mazda’s lineup continued to expand with new models . in late 1963 the mazda familia debuted as the company’s first full - fledged family car , with modern styling and an all - aluminum four - cylinder engine .
holy shit i had a new zealand new 1982 mazda 323 that look exactly like for my first car . aaah the memories .
mazda has a whole line of rotary engines on display . this one is from a turbocharged second - generation rx - 7 .
local producers are also immersed in a process of growth and internationalisation . so it was that seat began to export vehicles to the chinese market in january 2012 . this new traffic led to the first direct shipping service to transport vehicles between spain and china , linking barcelona with the ports of tianjin and guangzhou , in northern and southern china respectively . the seat factory in martorell also manufactures other models of the volkswagen group , such as the audi q3 , another car that can be seen on the chinese market as well as in europe . the strategy of the volkswagen group , which has significant export trade from its factory in landaben ( navarre ) via the port , strengthens barcelona ' s position as a vehicle exporter .
mazda established the mazda foundation charitable organization in 1984 to “conduct activities to promote science and technology and the sound development of youth , to share prosperity with the people of the world , and to build a society where people can lead rich and fulfilling lives . ”
by 2002 , mazda began the production of the renisis rotary engine , and even introduced one of its most popular cars , the mazda rx8 . the same year , mazda won the award for the international engine of the year for its renisis rotary engine . by 2009 , the company introduced the powerful next generation ‘sky - d’ and ‘sky - g’ engines , both of which became immediate successes .
during my 2013 japan speedhunting expedition i had the chance to visit some of the country’s biggest and most well known car museums . first it was the nostalgic atmosphere at the yokota collection in the gunma countryside ; and then the amazing toyota automobile museum in aichi . from there , i found myself sitting on the shinkansen bullet train heading at a very good clip towards hiroshima – the home of mazda’s global headquarters and museum .
we started the tour of the factory by entering the head office building . inside the reception area where many models of their latest models . apparently in japan , they don ' t use the standard naming convention as their worldwide models such as mazada3 , mazda6 , etc . but use unique names like
premacy
which is sold as the
mazda5
outside japan .
as you can see , the truck also bears the familiar logo of mitsubishi , which was responsible for marketing mazda vehicles at this time .
one of the rarest and most unusual cars in the entire collection is this 1969 luce rotary coupe – mazda’s first and only front - wheel drive , rotary - powered car . the luce rotary coupe was also the only mazda ever to be equipped with the 13a rotary engine .
starting to figure out the new speedhunters . really dig mazda racecars . . . hope to see some at jccs . great story mike .
mazda may not be the most popular name for cars but this visit would give you another educational aspect durinng your holiday with your family . do you know that mazda did not started with making cars but motor cycle ? in the company ' s vicinity they have . . .
english tours happen at 10 : 00 , japanese tours are at 13 : 30 . pre registration is a requirement on the mazda website .
a must see in hiroshima ! whether you are or are not a car fan , this place should not be missed . a car plays a big part in everyone ' s life , whether you own one , hail one as a taxi , or use one when getting an uber . . . .
as japan dug out of the postwar rubble , it was convenient for mazda to gloss over its role in churning out rifles for japan ' s imperial army . later , under the umbrella of ford motor co . , mazda didn ' t even need to tell its own story .
the history of mazda began as the toyo cork kogyo co ltd was founded by jujiro matsuda in 1920 . the company manufactured machine tools for numerous industries in japan . however , in 1931 , due to low profits , the company decided to shift its attention to vehicles and introduced the famous three - wheel truck called the mazda - go . let’s discuss more about the mazda logo , the company’s history and their latest models .
787b is ledgend amongst legends . now mazda has to return with another rotary powered le mans monster . . . ditch the diesels ! rotas rule
mazda’s plant is huge , and runs 33 buses for employees and visitors across the plant . the plant includes its own energy generating plant ( it’s coal burning ) and four waste water treatment plants . there’s housing for single workers , plus there’s a bridge that is used only by mazda .
it’s not been copied by any other auto manufacturer says mazda . it’s no longer in production , but research continues , ms yamamoto tells us .
the museum , which is situated in a large and peaceful park , turns an unflinching eye on a past horror in the hopes that it might not occur again . each time a nuclear weapon is tested , the mayor of hiroshima writes a letter of protest ; there are hundreds of these lining pillars inside the museum .
tours are free , but you must book in advance as there are limited tickets . you can book via telephone or email on the mazda website .
the goals are twofold : to build morale and a sense of purpose among employees and to cement mazda’s image as a scrappy , innovative japanese survivor .
so , though it has taken a while , mazda will thus catch up with its customers long before they start to lose interest in the miata .
＜japan＞ head / factory 2 - 1 - 3 , momonokidai , hannan city , osaka 599 - 0236 tel : ( + 81 ) - 72 - 481 - 2000・fax : ( + 81 ) - 72 - 481 - 2074 hiroshima branch 4 - 5 - 22 , kitashinchi , akigun sakacho , hiroshima 731 - 4311 , japan tel : ( + 81 ) - 82 - 885 - 8220・fax : ( + 81 ) - 82 - 885 - 8221 ＜china＞ shanghai osaka general commerce & trading co . , ltd . c 3rd floor , zhaofeng universal building , 1800 zhongshan west road , xuhui district , shanghai city tel : ( + 86 ) - 21 - 6440 - 1196 changchun branch 208 2nd floor , caijing building , 1468 xiantai road , jingji - kaifa distriet , changchun city , jilin province ＜malaysia＞ osaka rashi hambai ( m ) sdn . bhd kuala lumpur office no1 , logistics hub , persiaran sungai hampar , section32 , selangord . e . malaysia warehouse in kulim ( penang ) p322 , lingkaran cassia selatan , bt , kawan 14100 simpang ampat , pulau , penang
however , when compared to the other tours offered by nissan and toyota , in my opinion the best factory tour is offered by nissan of their oppama plant in yokosuka near tokyo . in the nissan plant tour , you actually walk on the assembly line floor as opposed to looking down from overhead platforms and the nissan plant tour offers the complete view of the manufacturing process from initial assembly to final testing of the cars .
in 1991 , the mazda 787b won the le mans 24 - hour race , which was the first time a rotary engine had ever won a race .
even in japan , mazda was seen as country cousin to the big , cosmopolitan japanese automakers congregated in the industrial heartland that stretches from tokyo to nagoya .
mazda doesn’t shy away from its role in making war goods , a role it shared with other japanese automakers . but its acknowledgment comes with a twist .
mazda highlights the company’s type ga green panel three - wheeler , released in 1938 just months after japan’s government enlisted the country’s manufacturers in the war effort .
parts from larger bins at mazda ' s ujina no . 2 plant are placed inside a single kit for each car . elevators carry parts between floors .
mazda adapted a simple method used by carpenters to lift tiles onto roofs . cost : $ 27 , 000 , or one - tenth the previous cost .