the cassini grid was a grid coordinate system used on british military maps during the first half of the twentieth century , particularly during world war ii .

the referencing consists of square grids drawn on a cassini projection .

for a period after the war , the maps were also used by the general public .

the system has been superseded by the ordnance survey national grid .

cassini grid

how to convert the coordinate in cassini grid system ( currently the standard use by jupem ) to mapsource system ( i presumed wgs84 ) .
keong8260 wrote : how to convert the coordinate in cassini grid system ( currently the standard use by jupem ) to mapsource system ( i presumed wgs84 ) .
cassini : [ ne / e10 ] can you tell by looking at cassini that it was created on the imbrium floor before the lavas started to flow ? the floor of cassini appears to be at sea level with the rest of imbrium ( this would not be possible if cassini were created after the lava flows ) , and aside from a few obvious disturbances , much of it is quite smooth . cassini’s size ( 35 mi . ) and the width and complexity of its ramparts suggest that its basin should have substantial depth and central mountain peaks , but it is quite shallow .
notice how cassini’s glacis , a wreathlike outer rim that would normally extend out farther , has been partially covered by the flow of imbrium lavas . cassini and archimedes ( to its sw at grid # g9 ) share a similar history . compare them closely to see what characteristics they share in common .
i use this site to convert cassini refs . it ' s pretty accurate , usually within 50m or so . urltoken
origin is bukit panau . replaced by gdm2000 kelantan grid ( code 19885 ) .
origin is gunung blumut . replaced by gdm2000 johor grid ( code 19893 ) .
, ( encl 2 to the above study ) gives examples of grid references . it is noted that the 100 , 000 - meter grid square letters , an integral part of the mgrs , are not here used in the grid references . the
this is one of the early documents articulating the desire for a world - wide grid system .
the floor of cassini is covered with features , some of which can be easily seen with a small telescope , but others are quite delicate and require larger apertures and good seeing . make a rough sketch of what you see and come back in two weeks , when the sun will be coming from the opposite direction , to fill in more details . you will have no trouble with the two larger internal craters , cassini a ( 9 mi . ) and cassini b ( 6 mi . ) . can you see how cassini a is shaped like a teardrop pointing toward the northeast ? the teardrop shape was the result either of a closely spaced double impact or of an oblique impact .
hi all , it is possible to get the military grid maps . i have a full set of england , wales and scotland military grid maps , can copy areas for anyone if it helps . johng
defense mapping agency technical manual 8358 . 1 , datums , ellipsoids , grids , and grid referencing systems
both definitions yield exactly the same projection and grid system if you know what you ' re doing .
london - listed national grid runs electricity and gas networks in the uk and the northeastern united states .
the os grid became metric as a result of the davidson report in 1938 . nato was formed in april 1949 .
in response , the gmb union called national grid
naively complacent
. justin bowden , its national secretary , said :
avoiding winter blackouts with a ' smart energy ' revolution is fanciful nonsense . the smart grid is years away .
energy experts say that in future consumers will be able to ask for their appliances to be connected online to the grid .
cassini grid was in use by the military until after ww2 , ngr was introduced pre war so you can get crossovers . the conversions are iffy and can be a fair way out . os at southampton kindly converted some for me and as one came up in the middle of a river was about 100m out , the other a little less .
take a close look at cassini under high magnification . the two tiny bumps ( you might see three ) just to the southwest of the largest internal crater give you a clue about the timing of the impact . cassini was at one time quite deep with central mountains appropriate to its size . the post - imbrium lavas that flooded the crater rose so high that all that is left of the once impressive central mountain peaks are these little bumps .
proposed a grid referencing system containing all the specifications of the mgrs as it is currently used . the joint intelligence committee ( jic ) of the joint chiefs of staff issued jic papers 410 / 1 and 410 / 2 , approved 14 november 1949 , prescribing the use of the universal transverse mercator grid , the universal polar stereographic grid and the military grid reference system by all branches of the armed forced for joint operations use . agao - s 061 . 3 ( 28 dec . 49 ) csgid - m , issued 29 december 1949 by the office of the adjutant general , department of the army , prescribed the use of those grids and grid reference system for the department of army . army map service technical manual no . 36 , grids and grid references , january 1950 , elaborated the details of the military grids and grid reference system . this was subsequently replaced by department of the
the big questions are how far smart technology can ease the burden on the grid and how quickly it can make its mark .
it began life in the summer of 2004 as a very simple piece of software - written in visual basic - allowing three - way conversion between os latitude / longitude , gb national grid and cassini ( delamere ) co - ordinates . from there the software grew to include support for conversions to / from other projected co - ordinate systems commonly in use in great britain and ireland .
example 6 - 3 configures a transformation between geoidal and ellipsoidal height , using a hawaii offset grid . note that without the initial creation of a rule ( using the sdo _ cs . create _ pref _ concatenated _ op procedure ) , the grid would not be used .
quote that 1960 ' s map that i linked to is quite unusual in using a scale of 1 : 63360 ( 1 inch to the mile ) but the the grid overlay is in 1km squares . nothing unusual about that , as any of us agéd ex - rallymen know ! the ordnance survey used 1
: 1mile until the change to the 1 : 50 , 000 scale in 1976 ( i think ) . military users needed a way to define a position on the map and at some stage the wo cassini grid was introduced , which was a grid of kilometres . that was still in use when some maps i have were printed in 1942 . that seems to have been refined into the national grid by the time my 1947 maps were printed and of course it ' s still in use
a
smart energy
revolution could help ensure that the uk does not suffer blackouts , according to national grid ' s new uk chief .
“maintaining a safe and reliable supply of electricity across the grid will become more complicated as renewable energy increases its share of the energy mix . ”
technologically , the self - healing smart grid is no longer a distant dream . finding the money to build it , however , is another matter .
to support the u . s . national grid in spatial , the sdo _ geometry type cannot be used because it is based on numeric coordinates . instead , a point in u . s . national grid format is represented as a single string of type varchar2 . to allow conversion between the sdo _ geometry format and the u . s . national grid format , the sdo _ cs package ( documented in chapter 21 ) contains the following functions :
but it is not as simple as just adding more pylons and cables in areas that are currently underserved . iss suggests that all stakeholders must be involved in the planning process , so that grid planners , the system operator , grid operators and municipalities do not have to respond on an ad hoc basis .
edit > preferences > position and change the grid and datum to rso . . and u ' ll find your waypoints in mapsource are in rso coordinate system
i thought the kilometre grid idea came from the french army in ww1 as a means to improve artillery results , and was then adopted by all nations .
it is a bit of a catch - 22 situation , as an effective grid can actually reduce the required generating capacity , but iss explains it could have some unintended consequences . “ [ an effective grid ] could also bring down the cost of electricity , leading to more overall energy production and higher carbon emissions . ”
, probably early 1947 , contains all the specifications of the universal transverse mercator ( utm ) grid . this study does not mention the mgrs . a memorandum from the
the u . s . national grid is a point coordinate representation using a single alphanumeric coordinate ( for example , 18suj2348316806479498 ) . this approach contrasts with the use of numeric coordinates to represent the location of a point , as is done with oracle spatial and epsg . a good description of the u . s . national grid is available at urltoken .
information on all of the legal grid systems of the united states , its possessions and its territories are available free from the u . s . national geodetic survey . try (
but iss concludes that it is not just about increasing the efficiency of the grid or its technological sophistication , but about the overall planning that needs to go along with that .
the week of dec . 19 - 25 takes us from lunar day 21 to day 26 . on monday the moon rises shortly after 11 : 00 pm and on christmas day moonrise is nearly 4 : 00 am . this time is reserved for highly dedicated moon observers . this week we will highlight the crater cassini .
he said a
tipping point
was arriving where it was becoming cheaper for most people to take charge of their own electricity at home and move way from the shared grid .
with south africa’s main electricity supplier struggling to keep the lights on , questions have been raised by the institute for security studies ( iss ) about the integrity of the country’s electricity grid .
“electricity generation in south africa is changing , but whether the power grid will be able to adapt to these changes is uncertain , ” it said in an african futures project paper called ‘gridlocked’ .
nothing wrong with the national grid - if you ask you os nicely they will send you a 20 - page document with all the maths you need to convert between ng and wgs84 . : o
the datum and grid on curacao was established in 1951 and uses a local transverse mercator . the origin of the datum is
dp 8
(
dienst punt 8
or survey point 8 ) .
“long - term energy planning is vital to the prosperity of south africa . aligning the integrated resource plan ( irp ) with the national development plan ( ndp ) with long - term planning in other sectors is necessary to create cohesive and realistic scenarios for the future . grid planning can no longer take a back seat to energy planning – the strength of the grid is essential for south african growth , ” it said .
the institute argues that eskom is hastily increasing its generating capacity , and renewable energy is becoming more readily available , but that the national grid might not be able to keep up with the steadily - growing influx .
as the giant hazelwood coal plant turns off the last of its units , the national electricity grid manager has sought to reassure the public it is taking steps to ensure the lights stay on when demand soars next summer .
nothing wrong with the national grid - if you ask you os nicely they will send you a 20 - page document with all the maths you need to convert between ng and wgs84 . or use this . . . urltoken
in a projected coordinate system , locations are identified by x , y coordinates on a grid , with the origin at the center of the grid . each position has two values that reference it to that central location . one specifies its horizontal position and the other its vertical position . the two values are called the x - coordinate and y - coordinate . using this notation , the coordinates at the origin are x = 0 and y = 0 .
ms shaw agreed that more investment in gas - fired power was needed , but argued that between 30 % and 50 % of fluctuations on the electricity grid could be smoothed by households and businesses adjusting their demand at peak times .
iss cautioned that if steps aren’t taken as quickly as possible to upgrade the grid infrastructure , south africa could see a situation where wealthy citizens turn to private electricity alternatives while the rest are left with what the state can provide .
proposed federal legislation might encourage more investment , but even if transmission capacity is added , blackouts will still occur . the entire power grid has to be refurbished , because the existing control technology—the key to quickly sensing a small line failure or the possibility of a large instability—is antiquated . to remain reliable , the grid will have to operate more like a fighter plane , flown in large part by autonomous systems that human controllers can take over if needed to avert disaster .
co - ordinate converter grew out of a practical need to convert between the projection co - ordinates used to construct ordnance survey small - scale maps of great britain from the early 20th century and the modern - day gb national grid .
defence mapping agency hydrographic / topographic center scientific data department geopositioning division geopositioning branch v details of the origin of the military grid reference system ( mgrs ) have become obscure with the passage of time . the earliest information available in this office , the
the challenge for national grid is to attract more companies to adopt what is known as
demand - side response
, or dsr . some firms are nervous , others have not heard of it - and business models are changing at breakneck speed .
the palestine datum of 1928 is referenced to the clarke 1880 ellipsoid ( modified ) . three grids are found on this datum in israel , one is the palestine 1923 civil grid ( cassini - soldner projection ) another extremely similar is the palestine 1942 belt ( gauss - kruger transverse mercator ) - the northings are identical , but the eastings change with distance from the central meridian . the levant lambert zone ( 1920 ) uses the french army truncated cubic , also on the palestine 1928 datum . there exists some more modern military mapping that is utm , european datum 1950 referenced to the international ellipsoid , but i was under the impression that such 1 : 50 , 000 scale stuff was quite military - sensitive .
japanese electronics giant sharp is devising controls and software to allow solar storage batteries in homes to sell energy back to the grid when the demand ( and price ) are high . the firm says it expects the system to pay its way without subsidy by 2018 .
its imprecision , evaluated on the basis of a series of
gauged
points , varies from 5 to 30 arc - seconds , depending on the map projection used ( this corresponds to and imprecision varying from 150 to 1000 meters on the field ) . the mathematic formulas used for the conversions are the
lambert conic near conformal = > latitude / longitude
and
cassini - soldner = > latitude / longitude
described in the guide produced by the epsg .
nope . you have to first go to geodetic cooordinates , perform a datum shift in geocentric coordinates with either a 3 - parameter or a 7 - parameter transformation , then transform back to geodetic coordinates , then to whatever grid system you want on the new datum .
in regard to sunny yemen , there are a number of datums found there . the aden datum of 1925 uses the aden lambert zone ( clarke 1880 ) . the sanaa datum uses the yemen azimuthal equidistant grid system ( international ) , and datums with unknown grids exist as :
the puerto rico datum of 1901 is based on its origin at cardona island lighthouse with a defining azimuth to ponce southwest base . the datum is referenced to the same ellipsoid as nad 1927 which is the clarke 1866 . the island is now on the nad83 , and the grid parameters have changed slightly .
modern warplanes are so packed with sophisticated gear that pilots rely on a network of sensors and automatic controls that quickly gather information and act accordingly . fortunately , the software and hardware innovations required to fly the power grid in a similar fashion and to instantly reroute power flows and shut down generation plants are at hand .
the datum and grid on curacao was established in 1951 and uses a local transverse mercator . the origin of the datum is
dp 8
(
dienst punt 8
or survey point 8 ) . the stuff i have there for wgs84 datum shifts looks really , really good . ( sub - centimeter accuracy )
the 1 : 50 , 000 mapping of your country is on the north american datum of 1927 and the grid is utm . ( that ' s for nato use and is ignored by the civilians . ) isn ' t it comforting to know that they ' re prepared to
call in
accurate artillery fire ? modern civilization . . .
deepa venkateswaran , from bernstein energy analysts , said :
the smart grid revolution is going to be exciting . however , there ' s a time frame - we need some time to get wired up and respond dynamically , but in the short term we need new gas stations to replace some of our ageing coal stations which are going to close .
a self - healing smart grid can best be built if its architects try to fulfill three primary objectives . the most fundamental is real - time monitoring and reaction . an array of sensors would monitor electrical parameters such as voltage and current , as well as the condition of critical components . these measurements would enable the system to constantly tune itself to an optimal state .
so as i suspected , the use of the word ' airfield ' have nothing to do with aviation in this case . as an aside , that 1960 ' s map that i linked to is quite unusual in using a scale of 1 : 63360 ( 1 inch to the mile ) but the the grid overlay is in 1km squares . the wonders of creeping decimalisation !
at stake is whether the country’s critical infrastructures can continue to function reliably and securely . at the very least , a self - healing transmission system would minimize the impact of any kind of terrorist attempt to “take out” the power grid . blackouts can be avoided or minimized , sabotage can be contained , outages can be reduced , and electricity can be delivered to everyone more efficiently .
because most non - ellipsoidal height references are irregular and undulating surfaces , transformations between them are more complicated than with ellipsoidal heights . one approach is to use an offset grid file to define the transformation . this approach is implemented in epsg method 9635 . the grid file has to be acquired ( often available publicly from government web sites ) . moreover , because most such non - ellipsoidal height datums ( including the geoid , sea level , and local terrain ) change over time , the timestamp of an offset matrix may matter , even if not by much . ( of course , the same principle applies to ellipsoids as well , since they are not static in the long term . after all , they are intended to approximate the changing geoid , msl , or terrain . )
it is highly recommended that you get a copy of sky and telescope’s field map of the moon , the very finest moon map available for use at the telescope . it is available for $ 10 . 95 at urltoken and on amazon . all features mentioned in this blog will be keyed to the grid on the field map and will look like this : plato : [ nw / d9 ]
regarding performance and memory usage with epsg method 9635 , at run time the grid must be loaded before the transformation of a dataset . this load operation temporarily increases the footprint in main memory and incurs one - time loading overhead . if an entire dataset is transformed , the overhead can be relatively insignificant ; however , if frequent transformations are performed on single geometries , the cumulative overhead can become significant .
aggregate industries - which makes road materials - is helping to smooth spikes in the grid even though it generates no power at all . the bitumen in giant containers stored near heathrow airport can be stored at temperatures of between 130 and 185c . if a rise in demand is predicted for later in the day , the company is advised by a computer to heat the bitumen to the maximum temperature , then turn off the power until the demand - and price - subsides . aggregate is also rewarded for gobbling up extra energy when there is a glut of wind power on the grid . head of sustainibility , donna hunt , said :
i think this is a no - brainer for us because we ' re saving energy . we ' re not generating carbon whilst the power is off , and we ' re making an income for allowing our assets to be used flexibly .
all four maps cover exactly the same area . the three historical maps have been enlarged from their original inch - to - the - mile to match the 1 : 50 , 000 scale of the present - day map and the addition of the familiar national grid on all four maps enables easy comparison across the four time periods . historical notes , details of the original maps used , web - links for local history societies and other sources of information are also provided .
the second goal is anticipation . the system must constantly look for potential problems that could trigger larger disturbances , such as a transformer that is overheating . computers would assess trouble signs and possible consequences . they would then identify corrective actions , simulate the effectiveness of each action , and present the most useful responses to human operators , who could then quickly implement corrective action by dispatching the grid’s many automated control features . the industry calls this capability fast look - ahead simulation .
to transform our current infrastructure into this kind of self - healing smart grid , several technologies must be deployed and integrated . the first step is to build a processor into each switch , circuit breaker , transformer and bus bar—the huge conductors carrying electricity away from generators . each transmission line should then be fitted with a processor that can communicate with the other processors , all of which would track the activity of their particular piece of the puzzle by monitoring sensors built into their systems .
the projection and datum of st . lucia , west indies : the current classical geodetic datum for your country is
dos 3 lighthouse 1955
established by the directorate of overseas surveys . ( they are now part of the ordnance survey of great britain . ) i do not have the coordinates of the origin or the azimuth of orientation , but the ellipsoid is the
clarke 1880 , ( modified )
where a = 6 , 378 , 249 . 145 meters , 1 / f = 293 . 465 . the associated grid is the british west indies
bwi grid
that is based on the gauss - kruger transverse mercator projection with no special truncations . the central meridian is 62w , false easting is 400 km , scale factor at origin is reduced to 1 / 2000 . eastings for your country are always greater than 500 km . , the northings are always greater than 1 , 500 km . ( that ' s a lot of digits for your island ! ! )
we ( the national geodetic survey ) do not have 3 - d transformation parameters , per se . transformations are accomplished using software ( called nadcon ) . this software uses a method in which are first and second order geodetic data in the ngs data base is modeled using a minimum curvature algorithm ( briggs , 1974 ) to produce a grid of values . simple interpolation techniques are then used to estimate
corrections between nad 83 ( 1986 ) and the ' precise ' nad83 ( 19xx ) .
all the ' old series ' , ‘revised new series’ and ' popular series ' maps have been carefully scanned , digitally re - projected and enlarged to match the present - day ordnance survey landranger ® series . each map is directly comparable with the corresponding ordnance survey landranger ® and uses the same sheet number and grid references , so enabling the past and the present to be compared with ease and accuracy . all the maps of england & wales in each series ( 123 in all ) have now been published and can be ordered .
don ' t get started on the national grid - it was an abor * * * * thought up by one guy . . . . . . . . but the 1 : 50 , 000 was known as the
one inch
( to the mile ) for years . . . . . . . . . . . . the 1 : 25000 was originally 2 and half ( none of this metric rubbish with decimal points ) inches to the mile i think they switched as they moved to computer databases and drawing
there is a site in geneva for the european petroleum studies group ( epsg ) that gives free data out on many grid systems in europe . note that switzerland does not use a transverse mercator ; it uses a rosenmund oblique cyllindrical that just by chance is already programmed in proj4 . european use of the transverse mercator has been 100 % gauss - kruger ( u with an umlaut on kruger ) since the second world war . prior to wwii , there ' s some pretty weird stuff ( in europe ) that is currently found only in the various colonies settled by the european nations .
the result is that no single operator or utility can stabilize or isolate a transmission failure . managing a modern grid in real time requires much more automatic monitoring and far greater interaction among human operators , computer systems , communications networks and data - gathering sensors that need to be deployed everywhere in power plants and substations . reliable operation also requires multiple , high - data - rate , two - way communications links among all these nodes , which do not exist today , plus powerful computing facilities at the control center . and intelligent processors—able to automatically reconfigure power flows when precursors to blackouts are sensed—must be distributed across the network .
scada technology goes back 40 years , however . much of it is too slow for today’s challenges and does not sense or control nearly enough of the components around the grid . and although it enables some coordination of transmission among utilities , that process is extremely sluggish , much of it still based on telephone calls between human operators at the utility control centers , especially during emergencies . what is more , most programmable logic controllers and remote terminal units were developed before industry - wide standards for interoperability were established ; hence , neighboring utilities often use incompatible control protocols . utilities are operating ever closer to the edge of the stability envelope using 1960s - era controls .
government may be recognizing the need for action . the white house office of science and technology policy and the u . s . department of homeland security recently declared a “self - healing infrastructure” as one of three strategic thrusts in their national plan for r & d in support of critical infrastructure protection . national oversight may well be needed , because the current absence of coordinated decision making is a major obstacle . states’ rights and state - level public utility commission regulations essentially kill the motivation of any utility or utility group to lead a nationwide effort . unless collaboration can be created across all states , the forced nationalization of the industry is the only way to achieve a smart grid .
the third objective is isolation . if failures were to occur , the whole network would break into isolated “islands , ” each of which must fend for itself . each island would reorganize its power plants and transmission flows as best it could . although this might cause voltage fluctuations or even small outages , it would prevent the cascades that cause major blackouts . as line crews repaired the failures , human controllers would prepare each island to smoothly rejoin the larger grid . the controllers and their computers would function as a distributed network , communicating via microwaves , optical fibers or the power lines themselves . as soon as power flows were restored , the system would again start to self - optimize .
the grid would be costly , though not prohibitively so given historic investments . epri estimates that testing and installation across the entire u . s . transmission and distribution system could run $ 13 billion a year for 10 years—65 percent more than the industry is currently investing annually . other studies predict $ 10 billion a year for a decade or more . money will also have to be spent to train human operators . the costs sound high , but estimates peg the economic loss from all u . s . outages at $ 70 to $ 120 billion a year . although a big blackout occurs about once a decade , on any given day 500 , 000 u . s . customers are without power for two hours or more .
for projected coordinate system trinidad 1903 / trinidad grid parameters : ellipsoid clarke 1858 a = 20926348 ft = 31706587 . 88 links b = 20855233 ft then 1 / f = 294 . 97870 and e ^ 2 = 0 . 00676866 latitude natural origin 10°26 ' 30
n = 0 . 182241463 rad longitude natural origin 61°20 ' 00
w = - 1 . 07046861 rad false eastings fe 430000 . 00 links false northings fn 325000 . 00 links forward calculation for : latitude 10°00 ' 00 . 00
n = 0 . 17453293 rad longitude 62°00 ' 00 . 00
w = - 1 . 08210414 rad a = - 0 . 01145876 c = 0 . 00662550 t = 0 . 03109120 m = 5496860 . 24 nu = 31709831 . 92 m0 = 5739691 . 12 then easting e = 66644 . 94 links northing n = 82536 . 22 links reverse calculation for same easting and northing first gives : e1 = 0 . 00170207 d = - 0 . 01145875 t1 = 0 . 03109544 m1 = 5497227 . 34 nu1 = 31709832 . 34 mu1 = 0 . 17367306 phi1 = 0 . 17454458 rho1 = 31501122 . 40 then latitude = 10°00 ' 00 . 000
n longitude = 62°00 ' 00 . 000
w
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urn : x - ogp : spec : schema - xsd : epsg : 1 . 0 : dataset
urn : ogc : def : change - request : epsg : : 2009 . 041
find a coordinate system and get position on a map . powered by epsg database 9 . 4
the nature of the
modified british system
, built on the basis of perfectly - defined map projections , allows the development of data - processing software intended to ( re ) localize points or targets whose coordinates were established in this system .
the
coordinates translator
which you can discover here allows the conversion from
british modified system
coordinates , for example lz1 / vx962494 , towards more
conventional
geographical coordinates ( latitude / longitude ) quite easy to use in digital atlases , as for the mapquest web site .
this translator works on the basis of complete
modified british system
coordinates ( please have a look to the system overview and to the grids for more details ) .
please note that the coordinates to be decoded must imperatively be
complete
here , i . e . include the exact reference of the square used for the determination of the position ( this reference includes systematically two letters , for example : vx ) as well as the numerical data corresponding to the localization of the point inside this square ( four or six digits according to the precision of the localization ) .
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i have the converter ( cass to rso ) . . then u have to convert from rso to wg84 using mapsource . . email to me and i ' ll send the converter (
alyem wrote : thanks bro nik for your help . will shout if i need help .
- by june 2008 - seated rae ( 9w2ody ) ; by oct . 2009 - seated cw test ( 9m2ody ) -
rudyna wrote : then , how to convert from rso to wgs using mapsourse . . ?
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news : over the graves of the druids and under the wreck of rome , rudely but surely they bedded the plinth of the days to come . behind the feet of the legions and before the norsemans ire rudely but greatly begat they the framing of state and shire rudely but deeply they laboured , and their labour stand till now . if we trace on ancient headlands the twist of their eight - ox plough .  - rudyard kipling
now and again i used to find military maps lying in the fields and ditches around dover where they ' d been discarded by the troops who were training in the area . i wouldn ' t know anything about the grids used but they were often coloured to show different categories of military land . i found one once drawn on a sort of waterproof material which tore easily . as they were all damaged i must have got rid of them .
i ' ve just checked one for the cinque ports training area against the current os explorer map for dover , folkestone & hythe ( sheet 138 ) .
the military maps for the uk are simply the standard os series , overprinted with additional data . for example , as already stated training areas are marked in colour , but overhead power lines are clearly indicated as are masts with their heights .
there is also an explanation on the defence of east sussex project website . urltoken susan _ f
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co - ordinate converter a web - based tool for conversions between projected co - ordinate systems commonly in use in great britain and ireland .
if you find co - ordinate converter useful and would like to make a donation for the work that has gone into making it - or for the upkeep of this website - please use the paypal link to the left . please note that this is not compulsory - co - ordinate converter is free for non - commercial use .
co - ordinate converter is written in javascript and as such could be the ideal tool for your web - based application . fully - comprehensive api documentation is available as a pdf file :
please note that use of the co - ordinate converter api is free for non - commercial purposes only . if you wish to use it for a commercial application please contact me for details and pricing . usage of the co - ordinate converter api is monitored .
in november 2007 the county series sheet references for great britain and the isle of man were incorporated into the software , introducing a new level of versatility to co - ordinate converter .
between december 2008 and april 2009 the software version was ported to the current web - based version , including support for additional co - ordinate systems , and for the first time conversion to / from gps - compatible latitude / longitude for great britain and ireland . details can be found in the co - ordinate converter
please note that the downloadable standalone version of co - ordinate converter is currently not available pending a completely revised version ( no release date has yet been set ) .
co - ordinate converter is copyright © 2004 - 2009 ed fielden . you may use co - ordinate converter for non - commercial use only , except by prior agreement . while great care has been taken in development and testing , the results of transformations provided by co - ordinate converter should not be relied upon for critical applications . no liability can be accepted for any loss or damage - direct or consequential - arising from the use of co - ordinate converter .
pseudo unit . format : signed degrees - period - minutes ( 2 digits ) - integer seconds ( 2 digits ) - fraction of seconds ( any precision ) . must include leading zero in minutes and seconds and exclude decimal point for seconds . convert to deg using algorithm .
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urltoken
old series 1832 - 1836 - published 2006 britain’s 19th - century landscape re - projected and enlarged to match the present - day ordnance survey landrangers ® these maps are based on britain ' s first national mapping project , ordnance survey ' s one - inch ( ‘old series’ ) maps which were first published between 1805 and 1874 .
revised new series c . 1900 – published november 2007 britain’s late - victorian landscape re - projected and enlarged to match the present - day ordnance survey landrangers® these maps are taken from ordnance survey ' s revised new series ( in colour ) maps which were first published between 1896 and 1904 .
popular series c . 1920 - published 2007 britain’s inter - war landscape re - projected and enlarged to match the present - day ordnance survey landrangers ® these maps , printed in full colour , are taken from ordnance survey ' s popular edition maps which were first published between 1919 and 1926 .
the following 4 maps , in each series , which cover the county of shropshire are held in stock .
126 shrewsbury & oswestry ( matches o . s . landranger series no . 126 ) : - only popular available including chirk , ellesmere , glyn ceiriog , llansilin , wem , pant , pontesbury , welshpool & cressage
127 stafford & telford ( matches o . s . landranger series no . 127 ) : - all 3 available including hodnet , market drayton , newport , shifnal , albrighton , eccleshall , stone , stafford and wolverhampton north
137 ludlow & church stretton ( matches o . s . landranger series no . 137 ) : all 3 available including bishop ' s castle , clun , craven arms , knighton , montgomery , presteigne and tenbury wells
138 kidderminster & wyre forest ( matches o . s . landranger series no . 138 ) : all 3 available including much wenlock , bridgnorth , claverley , ludlow , cleobury mortimer , brimfield , tenbury wells , stourport - on - severn & ombersley
the ' old series ' , ‘new revised series’ and ' popular series ' maps are priced at £3 each or £7 . 50 for three .
each map , centred on dawley , extends from lilleshall in the n . to broseley in the s . , and from leighton in the w . to shifnal in the e . covering an area of 15km x 15km .
u . k . - £1 . 50p for up to 2 maps ( 3 or 4 maps will be sent in 2 packages ) europe - £3 . 20 for 1 map or £3 . 70 for 2maps * world zone 1 - £4 . 20 for 1 map or £5 . 25 for 2 maps * world zone 2 - £4 . 20 for 1 map or £5 . 35 for 2 maps *
* if ordering 3 or more maps to be sent overseas please send an e - mail ( see below ) to enquire about postage costs .
' shropshire family history society ' . with your address / tel . no . and membership no . ( if applicable ) to : -
unfortunately , we do not have facilities for handling credit or debit cards at the moment , but will accept paypal at a charge - please ask when emailing .
overseas members only may pay using a dollar cheque drawn on their own account - please refer to the ' shop ' tab for dollar conversion rates .
lunar photos : nasa / usgs / bmdo / lroc / asu / dlr / lola / moon globe . used by permission
author and astronomer andrew planck shepherds you to the moon and its mysteries of intrigue and surprise . learn about the moon’s most fascinating objects , understand how the moon was formed and the names of many of the craters … and why they honor individuals who have changed the course of history .
in 1994 a friend of mine made a request to the pentagon for information on the origin of the utm and mgrs coordinate systems . my friend handed off the documents he received to me in 2015 . i ' ve scanned them into pdf files and had them retyped so they would be both more readable and searchable . i ' ve also replaced a missing page and line that ' s not in the pdf files .
the documents received date from the 1940 ' s and clearly show that the requirements of artillery gunners were the driving force in the design of map coordinate systems .
, ( encl 3 to the above study ) states that the specifications for a six - degree transverse mercator world - wide system were communicated to the british in october 1945 . on
study and discussion of military grids by army map service and military intelligence division , office , chief of engineers , u . s . army
pprune forums > misc . forums > aviation history and nostalgia > an airfield that never was ?
whilst looking at an old map the other day i found an ' old airfield ' marked in an area that i was unaware of there ever having been any flying before . the map can be found at view : os seventh series , sheet 62 , edinburgh - ordnance survey one - inch to the mile maps of great britain , seventh series , 1952 - 1961 urltoken and the field can be found marked at nt385682just to the south east of cousland . as well as the old airfield there is another place marked as ' airfield ' approximately 500m to the south . this is the appropriately named airfield farm . a google search does not bring up any history of this field other than the local community ' s opposition to turning it into an opencast coal mine . on the host site for those maps i have checked older editions and it was still marked as ' old airfield ' in 1926 but was marked as
airfield ' in 1904 . strangely , it was the same on the 1898 urltoken map and it is even marked on the 1857 map . was this an old ballooning station ? perhaps but i think not . if you look closer at the 1898 map you will see marked an ' old windmill ' adjacent to the word ' airfield ' . the airfield in this case i think is referring to the building immediately to the east . it seems that over time the farm has been rebuilt further to the south east and the 1904 maps have both farms marked with the same name . on the 1926 map the nw farm was marked as old airfield . so , if there never was an airfield here , how did the farm get its name ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
flap40 , it ' s probably not much help , but i had a look at the ukairfields . kmz overlay on google earth and there is no airfield marked at cousland . the closest one is macmerry / penston , about 5 nm ne .
so , if there never was an airfield here , how did the farm get its name ? ? ? ? ? ? ? i suspect the reason is lost in the mists of time . but it might be significant that
air
is a word in gaelic , with several meanings but the most appropriate one here might be the preposition meaning
on
or
upon
. so
airfield
might simply be ( the farm )
on the field
.
looking at the map , airfield farm appears to be at the bottom of significantly sloping ground , not too good for a runway but it does ' level ' out at cousland itself . a quick look at the cwgc site for cemeteries in the area does not seem to indicate many aircrew graves either .
airfield no . . . in the lothians dialect and particularly more and more towards stenton and east lothian there is a remnant of
field
becoming pronounced as
fiedel
. this habit was common in 19th century dialect in other parts of lowland scotland . the local name
fordel
however persists . so the proper name
field
was spoken as
fiedel
in the broad tongue and the locality became anglicised into
fordel
. cheers
but the 1 : 50 , 000 was known as the
one inch
( to the mile ) for years . . . . . . . . . . . . not in my experience ; the
1 - inch map
was and remains a 1 : 63360 map , and the 1 : 50000 map was and is a
fifty - thou
map . but i accept that anyone who is unaware that the two are different might use the wrong name .
found a little bit more about the history of the farm but unfortunately nothing about an airfield . oxenfoord mains house and boundary walls - dalkeith - midlothian - scotland | british listed buildings urltoken cheers from downunder paul
in an 1812 book , published in dalkeith
poems , chiefly in the scots dialect
thomas mannie scott of airfield is mentioned as one of the subscribers so nothing to do with airfield as we know it . you could try contacting dalkeith council for info .
royal college of art student alexandra theunissen ' s lifelong efforts to master the piano were stymied by dyslexia so she used her design skills to create a new kind of musical notation to settle the score .
called dyssonance , theunissen ' s design turns notes into shapes and tones into colors .
bricks of all sizes and colors are arrayed on a board that represents the musical staff .
rolling the bar over the musical staff completes circuits a circuit with an ototo microprocessor board hidden underneath .
ensuring proper note value was particularly important to theunissen . half notes , or minims , are represented as 2 : 1 rectangles . quarter notes , or crochets , are squares . the 1 / 16th note , or quaver , is a triangle .
it was very important to me to visually translate the complementarity of the different rhythms ,
she says .
which , to me , is something missing in the classical score .
the notion of complementarity is perfectly expressed with two triangles forming a cube for example ,
says theunissen .
the use of technology in the design is limited to an ototo single - board microcontroller designed to help musicians develop outré instruments .
theunissen experimented with many approaches , including designs that worked more like musical instruments rather than notation devices .
can make the process feel like a cruel joke . royal college of art student
lifelong efforts to master the piano and guitar were stymied by the condition , so she resolved to use her design skills to settle the score .
armed with ototo , a single - board microcontroller designed to help musicians develop outré instruments , theunissen and collaborator guillaume germain got busy reworking musical notation for visual learners .
called dyssonance , composers array colored blocks representing notes on an oversized staff and roll a metal bar over the arrangement , like a composer waving a baton in front of an orchestra . as the bar progresses , it completes a circuit with the blocks and cues a note from a hidden speaker . geometric gershwins can make up their own tunes or crib from a stylish sheet music book that accompanies the system .
limitations on size mean the aforementioned quasihemidemisemiquaver and oversized maximas aren ' t available , and the tinny speakers attached to ototo can ' t match the output of a stradivarius , yet dyssonance makes the majority of the musical palette available—and approachable .


abc warehouse is a chain of retail appliance and electronics stores based in pontiac , michigan .

it was founded in 1963 by gordon hartunian , and operates 42 stores in michigan , ohio and indiana .

the chain also operates 16 mickey shorr mobile electronics stores and 2 hawthorne home appliances & electronics stores .

they are known for their advertising motto " the closest thing to wholesale " .

in the last few years abc has added mattresses and furniture to their retail offerings , including products from sealy & lane .

abc warehouse

a . abc warehouse offers 4 convenient ways to pay your abc warehouse credit card bill .
glassdoor has 55 abc warehouse reviews submitted anonymously by abc warehouse employees . read employee reviews and ratings on glassdoor to decide if abc warehouse is right for you .
abc warehouse offers customers a credit card through synchrony bank with a revolving credit line to use again and again at abc warehouse locations .
the official twitter account of abc warehouse . we are the closest thing to wholesale .
glassdoor gives you an inside look at what it ' s like to work at abc warehouse , including salaries , reviews , office photos , and more . this is the abc warehouse company profile . all content is posted anonymously by employees working at abc warehouse .
the designer living room you always wanted is waiting for you right now at abc warehouse .
save up to $ 500 on select adjustable tempur - pedic mattress sets at abc warehouse .
ask a question about working or interviewing at abc warehouse . our community is ready to answer .
principal subsidiaries : abc warehouse ; hawthorne appliance and electronics ; mickey shorr mobile electronics ; white automotive .
happy independence day from your friends at abc warehouse . we wish you a safe and happy holiday !
abc warehouse celebrated the opening of its new troy store on monday with a traditional ribbon - cutting ceremony .
gordon hartunian , chairman of abc warehouse , in front of the newly opened store next to oakland mall in troy .
we ' re really excited about this move ,
stated abc warehouse chief executive officer martin hartunian in a press release .
on in - store purchases of $ 200 or more made with your abc warehouse credit card . all with no annual fee . †
i applied in - person . the process took 2 weeks . i interviewed at abc warehouse ( flint , mi ) in april 2012 .
during 1993 abc also benefitted from the bankruptcy of a major competitor , highland superstores . abc purchased $ 60 million of highland inventory and liquidated it in 45 days . abc also purchased five former highland locations . the locations enabled abc to expand four of its existing stores into larger facilities and to open a new store in indiana . by 1994 , the abc warehouse chain consisted of 25 stores .
jones , david , ' abc warehouse expanding : new quarters , storage and high - end products , ' hfd , april 30 , 1990 .
a window of the wa shipwreck galleries , once a warehouse built by convicts .
abc warehouse sells appliances , vacuums , home audio , small electronics , computers , phones , camcorders , digital cameras , small appliances and other items . hartunian is often featured in the company ' s commercials along with the familiar slogan ,
abc warehouse - - the closest thing to wholesale .
abc warehouse reserves the right to limit quantities . u . s . sales only . not responsible for typographical errors . prices and offers are subject to change . copyright ©2018 abc appliance , inc . all rights reserved .
the warehouse was not equipped with sprinklers and did not have a clear exit path .
that store has been successful since it opened in 1985 , but it was time to update , said michael shelby , abc warehouse director of advertising and marketing .
the mid - 1980s marked a period of increased expansion for abc . in 1984 , the company acquired mickey shorr mobile electronics . in 1985 , abc opened three new stores in the metropolitan detroit area . by the year ' s end , abc was operating ten abc warehouses and five mickey shorr outlets .
the oakland press / vaughn gurganian gordon
gordy
hartunian , company founder of abc warehouse , checks out the newly opened store next to oakland mall in troy .
the family - owned and familyoperated retail chain was established in 1963 with a location in centerline . abc warehouse currently operates 40 stores throughout michigan , northern indiana and ohio .
from those humble beginnings , abc warehouse has grown to become one of the midwest’s largest and most successful appliance / tv / electronics / mattress and furniture retailers , employing more than 1 , 000 people across 42 locations throughout michigan , ohio and indiana . despite an expanding footprint , abc warehouse continues to operate with the same kind of family - owned , team environment that began over 50 years ago . abc warehouse remains fiercely dedicated to providing customers with low prices , top name - brands , a large selection and excellent service .
abc warehouse was founded by gordon “gordy” hartunian in 1963 with a single store in center line , michigan . family - owned and operated , the abc warehouse philosophy is based on gordy’s personal belief that consumers were more interested in value and service than in merchandising frills . this sales philosophy was eventually distilled into the slogan ; “the closest thing to wholesale”® , which continues to be a rallying cry today . since the very beginning and throughout the decades , abc warehouse has experienced steady growth , adding many exciting product categories along the way .
abc warehouse also prided itself on making cellular phone purchases simple . a company executive quoted in hfd stated , ' we wanted to make it no more difficult for consumers to buy a cellphone than to buy a washing machine . ' in addition , abc warehouse worked to provide fast activations . abc claimed that the activation process took between 11 . 5 and 14 minutes ; in other stores the procedure was reported to take up to a day and a half . abc was able to provide fast service because of its ability to assign phone numbers and access to instant credit verification services . in addition , abc warehouse sold only those telephones which were able to be programmed from the handset at the store .
if you have inside knowledge of a topic in the news , contact the abc .
by 1988 , abc operated 15 retail appliance stores in michigan and ohio and 10 mickey shorr retail and installation outlets , all located in michigan . the company began to focus on advertising to help spur growth . early ads featured jim varney and his ' knowhutimean ? ' slogan . abc ' s position in the market was further enhanced when the natm buying corporation selected abc warehouse as its detroit affiliate . natm , a large appliance buying group , had previously been affiliated with highland superstores , an abc competitor .
abc appliance , inc . , a leading retail supplier of radio , television , and consumer electronics , operates establishments under the names abc warehouse , hawthorne appliance and electronics , mickey shorr mobile electronics , and white automotive . abc warehouse , a chain with locations in michigan , ohio , and indiana , sells appliances , personal computers , and other consumer electronics in a ' no frills ' warehouse style setup . hawthorne appliance and electronics , an upscale store , also markets appliances and home electronics . mickey shorr mobile electronics handles and installs mobile electronics , including automotive audio equipment , security systems , and car phones . white automotive merchandises custom vehicle accessories .
during the late 1980s , abc pioneered the sale of cellular telephones . the phones were first sold through mickey shorr and white automotive . although cellular phones requiring installation remained linked to the company ' s automotive outlets , an innovation termed the ' bag phone ' enabled abc warehouse stores to sell transportable cellular phones . as a result , abc achieved recognition as the first natm member to successfully sell cellular phones at retail .
q . where do i check the status of my account ? a . to check the status of your abc warehouse credit card click on the manage my account link above or you may go to synchrony financial ' s website by clicking here . after logging into your account , you will be able to : • make a payment • view your balance • update your account information • schedule up to your next 12 payments q . how can i make a payment on my abc warehouse credit card ? a . abc warehouse offers 4 convenient ways to pay your abc warehouse credit card bill . • pay online : click here to manage your account and make payments online . • pay in - store : bring your abc warehouse credit card statement into a abc warehouse location and pay your bill by cash or check . • pay by phone : contact synchrony bank customer service at 1 - 866 - 396 - 8254 during the hours listed below to make a payment by phone . m - f - 7 : 30 am to 12 : 00 midnight est sat - 10 : 00 am to 7 : 00 pm est sun - closed • pay by mail : mail payments to the address below . ensure that you have plenty of time for your payment to arrive prior to the due date . synchrony bank po box 960061 orlando , fl 32896 - 0061
abc teams share the story behind the story and insights into the making of digital , tv and radio content .
by 1879 the colonial government had taken over the buildings and was using them as a customs warehouse and interim post and telegraph office .
i was only at abc warehouse for a little while it was a temporary part time job to gain a little more knowledge about electronics . a typical day would consist of installing radios and speakers in people ' s cars and working with sales quite a bit .
these evening cooking classes will be open to the public and may often focus on seasonal or holiday foods , shelby said . recent offerings at other abc warehouse locations included :
all wrapped up with filo dough ,
lowfat cooking ,
and
easter brunch .
in 1986 , abc opened six more stores . they included outlets in lansing , flint , and grand rapids , marking the company ' s first venture to cities outside the metropolitan detroit area . unlike some of its competitors who financed their expansion efforts through public stock offerings , abc financed its expansion internally . a typical new abc warehouse location established during the mid - 1980s had 10 , 000 square feet and cost approximately $ 1 million . the average mickey shorr store was much smaller and cost about $ 250 , 000 to open .
abc ' s expansion continued at a steady pace . in 1989 , abc opened a store in southfield , michigan , a suburb located north of detroit . the following year , abc opened an outlet in port huron , michigan . the port huron location , 56 miles from detroit , represented another move into markets removed from the chain ' s primary concentration of stores in the metropolitan detroit area .
according to mr offen , the building work did not go completely to plan , with a number of delays and problems with the roof of the warehouse .
after years of lobbying , the swan river convict colony officially began in 1850 , richard offen from heritage perth told 720 abc perth .
abc staff and employees were friendly , respectful and understanding . the warehouse was clean , and professional looking . i done a variety of duties while on the clock and employed there ranging from : assembly , console line , fabricated car parts and filled in where needed due to shortness of staff .
by 1990 , the chain consisted of 18 abc warehouse outlets , 14 mickey shorr outlets , and white automotive . in addition to increasing the number of stores , the company also expanded the number of items sold in its stores . according to one estimate , the mix of major appliances to electronics at the time was about 50 / 50 . to accommodate its growth , abc purchased a 135 , 000 square foot building from the city of pontiac ( michigan ) to serve as company headquarters and to provide needed warehouse space . approximately 15 , 000 square feet of the building were allocated for the company ' s offices ; the remaining 110 , 000 was allocated for warehouse needs . another change in 1990 was the acquisition of hawthorne appliance and electronics . hawthorne , a single store appliance dealer , gave abc the ability to market to new home builders and buyers and to develop a built - in appliance merchandizing strategy .
serju , tricia , ' abc offers 50 - percent rebates to those who can wait 10 years , ' detroit news , may 13 , 1992 .
don ' t miss the biggest 4th of july sale event ever . announcing the abc warehouse stars and stripes sale going on now at all 42 locations . enjoy door buster deals and up to 65 % off store - wide . we are open the 4th of july 10 am - 7pm , don ' t miss out !
hartunian , abc ' s founder and owner , planned to continue the company ' s policy of steady growth . discount merchandiser reported his strategy included the addition of more stores in areas chosen to maximize the company ' s distribution channels . abc also planned to increase its offerings in some departments , especially within the computer arena .
ben koss , an oakland resident and musician , told reuters he was on his way to the party with friends and arrived late to find smoke billowing from the warehouse moments before firefighters arrived .
the industry practice of bundling phone sales with phone service agreements gave abc an advantage over some of its competitors . national companies had to cope with a wide variety of regional service providers offering a multitude of activation incentives . this led to significant price discrepancies between different regions and made cellular phones difficult to advertise on a national basis . abc , a regional competitor , was able to benefit from a consistent working relationship with one local phone service provider . abc attributed its success in selling cellular phones to this relationship .
by 1992 , the abc warehouse chain had grown to 22 stores . in 1993 , according to an estimate made by hartunian and reported in discount merchandiser , ' white ' goods ( home appliances , including items such as refrigerators and washing machines ) accounted for about 45 percent of the company sales . the remaining 55 percent of sales were ' brown ' goods and traffic goods , which included items such as housewares and personal electronics . the average size of an abc warehouse store had grown to be about 18 , 000 square feet . the company continued to focus on its no frills philosophy and remained committed to traditional , staple appliance products . hartunian told discount merchandiser that each of the company ' s stores achieved a local market share of approximately 33 to 34 percent .
officials in the californian city of oakland described the warehouse where an illegal music event was being held as a
death trap
that made it impossible for many partygoers to escape an intense fire that erupted during the event .
abc warehouse is one of the last wholesale businesses of it ' s kind . this is one of the last places you can haggle with salesman , so given that the work environment is poor . as a stock guy at abc warehouse of something doesn ' t get done ( regardless of what it is ) is your fault . nobody will give you proper instructions or tell you you did a good job unless it is in a sarcastic way . the pay barely changes and caps at 12 $ if your a salesman this place is great because you can sit all day and wait for buisness yo walk in the door . but as a stock guy if you are found sitting . you are reprimanded . this place has drained the life out of me and it somehow takes more every day when i walk three those sliding front doors .
the state board of control is known today as the north carolina alcoholic beverage control commission ( abc ) . the control act also provides for a control plan under which no county or city in the state can allow the sale of alcohol unless first approved by the local voters . today north carolina is a
local option
state with 50 county and 118 municipal abc boards operating the retail abc stores that sell bottles of spirituous liquor in the state . the sale of beer , wine and mixed drinks is legal in jurisdictions across the state which have voted in favor of it .
q . where do i check the status of my account ? a . to check the status of your abc warehouse credit card click on the manage my account link above or you may go to synchrony financial ' s website by clicking here . after logging into your account , you will be able to : • make a payment • view your balance • update your account information • schedule up to your next 12 payments
despite is growth , abc ' s sales volume in 1990 was still judged to be behind that of one of its major competitors in the metropolitan detroit area , highland superstores . sales volumes , however , were thought to be ahead of those achieved by another competitor , fretter inc . abc ' s expansion came at a time when the market for major appliances was generally considered soft and industry participants were involved in intense competition . according to a report in hfd , market conditions had not diminished abc ' s margins because the price increases imposed by major manufacturers were being passed on to consumers .
i ' ve been apart of abc since october . things were great at first but it went down hill quickly . most people at my location are nice , but some are here strictly for money .
the warehouse was known as the oakland ghost ship . its website showed pictures of a bohemian , loft - like interior made of wood and cluttered with rugs , old sofas and a garage - sale like collection of pianos , paintings , turntables , statues and other items .
another change in 1993 was the addition of in - store demonstrations aimed at increasing the sales of home theater systems . home theater technology enabled consumers to get better sound quality in stereo and television sets . abc warehouse promoted the concept based on a building block approach to help overcome price resistance among consumers who wanted the benefits of home theater but who were not willing to spend thousands of dollars for special equipment , new furniture , and room remodeling . abc put together different packages designed for simple installation . the lowest price system was tagged at $ 899 . to demonstrate the benefits of home theater systems , abc instituted in - store ' the big red button ' demonstrations . by pressing a red button , customers could activate a three - minute demonstration of a typical system containing a large - screen television , laser disc player , receivers , and speakers . the presentation explained the process of beginning with a television set and progressing through a series of upgrades to create a home theater .
scr of st . cloud was founded as st . cloud refrigeration in 1957 by don fitch . in 1968 , the land for the original building was purchased and the first building was constructed two years later . in 1985 , mike fitch and pat welty purchased the company . the following year , our first warehouse was built . in 1991 , we expanded our storage facility and added a work area to service our vehicle fleet . a second warehouse was constructed in 1994 , and in 1995 the main building was enlarged to house additional office space and to upgrade our sheet metal shop .
in 1992 , abc launched a new advertising campaign featuring sal richards using the catch phrase ' botta boom , botta bing . ' the campaign was aimed at educating consumers on the abc ' s of buying . an innovative advertising promotion offering customers a 50 percent rebate on purchases between $ 199 and $ 5 , 000 drew some criticism , however . under the terms of the offer , customers who made a qualifying purchase and filled out a form within 21 days , received a cash - back rebate certificate . on the ten - year anniversary of their purchase , the cash - back certificate could be redeemed for the rebate . rebates were guaranteed by an insurance arrangement . the promotion drew criticism from competitors who noted that abc had suspended its lowest - price guarantee . other critics of the promotion claimed that because the rebate was not adjusted for inflation it was apt to have diminished purchasing power .
abc appliance , inc . was founded by gordon hartunian in 1964 as a single store . the store ' s philosophy was based on hartunian ' s belief that consumers were more interested in value and service than in merchandising frills . during the company ' s first twenty years in operation , it experienced slow but steady growth .
available at the following abc stores : dearborn , mi ; center line , mi ; waterford , mi ; flint , mi ; livonia , mi ; roseville , mi ; grand rapids , mi ; lansing , mi ; southgate , mi ; kalamazoo , mi ; saginaw , mi ; southfield , mi ; alpine , mi ; sylvania , oh ; maumee , oh ; jackson , mi ; sandusky , oh .
available at the following abc stores : farmington , mi ; sylvania , oh ; maumee , oh ; oregon , oh ; ann arbor , mi ; port huron , mi ; traverse city , mi ; jackson , mi ; holland , mi ; brighton , mi ; battle creek , mi ; sandusky , oh ; findlay , oh ; gaylord , mi ; mansfield , oh ; lima , oh ; cadillac , mi ; novi , mi .
i worked in several stores for almost 10 years . i worked my way through college . each store has it distinct pros and cons . also , it depends who is running the store . i had the pleasure and opportunity to work with some amazing managers and fellow sales people . i still speak to those colleagues and have them for references for jobs . abc help me become the person i am today . it helped me come out of my shell .
* * no interest if paid in full within 6 months . on purchases of $ 200 or more with your abc warehouse credit card . interest will be charged to your account from the purchase date if the promotional purchase is not paid in full within 6 months . minimum monthly payments required . offer applies only to single - receipt qualifying purchases . no interest will be charged on the promo purchase if you pay the promo purchase amount in full within 6 months . if you do not , interest will be charged on the promo purchase from the purchase date . depending on purchase amount , promotion length and payment allocation , the required minimum monthly payments may or may not pay off purchase by end of promotional period . regular account terms apply to non - promotional purchases and , after the promotion ends , to promotional balance . for new accounts : purchase apr is 29 . 99 % ; minimum interest charge is $ 2 . existing cardholders should see their credit card agreement for their applicable terms . subject to credit approval . special financing offers may change or be terminated at our sole discretion . see your local store for more details .
hartunian attributed the company ' s success to its sales staff , who worked entirely on commission . in a statement published by discount merchandiser he explained , ' our stores have always been very sales driven , meaning that the people on the sales floor are highly motivated , and consequently we follow their direction , rather than have the administration dictate a number of things . ' in order to project an image of a more personable , friendly sales staff , the company ' s 1993 advertising campaign featured the ' abc employee choir . '
in 1991 , abc ' s advertising campaign titled ' programmed for growth in these challenging times ' helped the company achieve its objectives during a year marked by recessionary conditions . the company ' s mickey shorr outlets also thrived and gained a reputation as specialists in expert installation . mickey shorr ' s annual sales were estimated at $ 20 million . the company reported that compact disc players and car security items represented the largest segments of its business . sales of cellular telephones were also growing . the number of cellular telephones sold in 1992 was up 60 percent over the number sold in 1991 .
available at the following abc stores : center line , mi ; waterford , mi ; flint , mi ; livonia , mi ; lakeside , mi ; roseville , mi ; grand rapids , mi ; lansing , mi ; lansing mall , mi ; southgate , mi ; kalamazoo , mi ; saginaw , mi ; southfield , mi ; alpine , mi ; troy , mi ; dearborn , mi ; canton , mi ; south bend , in ; mt . pleasant , mi ; bay city , mi ; muskegon , mi ; chesterfield , mi ; elkhart , in ; ft . wayne , in .
competition within the industry increased when sears and montgomery wards created the ' store - within - a - store ' concept . sears opened ' brand central ' and montgomery ward introduced ' electric avenue . ' abc adopted the concept of a store - within - a - store and incorporated the design into its own outlets . the store - within - a - store idea provided a way to present higher - priced and more upscale lines with improved success . by highlighting groupings of products with special features , sales staff members were better able to help customers find desired features and styling aspects than when products were simply placed beside middle - range merchandise .
i have worked for abc warrhouse in several different positions for over 30 years . i have always enjoyed working there and had been content with my wages and benefits . in 2013 the retail marketplace took a hit from the economic downturn and the company was forced to streamline and tighten their belt to weather the storm . employees went along with this to keep their jobs in a volitile market . five years later , the atmosphere for employees has not improved but has gotten worse . the cost of benefits have risen and those costs have been passed into the employees . we have had a wage freeze for 5 years with no end in sight . there is a feeling of apathy among workers and looking elsewhere for employment seems to be the only option . i thought i would retire from this company , now i feel i can no longer afford to work here . i am very saddened by this realization but i need to provide for the needs of myself and my family .
storck chocolate riesen -
mrs . lange
( english version ) - circa 1994
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the cellular phone market was considered a challenge because of the complexity involved in making a sale . in addition to merely selling the actual phone , steps included selling phone service , programming the phone , activating the phone , and in many cases , installing the phone . phone sales were often bundled with phone service agreements and merchants received subsidies from service providers . although this practice permitted merchants to offer phones at low prices , consumers were required to sign service contracts for a specified time period , usually at least a year .
brauer , molly , ' wall street plugs in to consumer electronics , ' detroit news , december 22 , 1985 .
courter , eileen , ' selling the category in building blocks , ' hfd , january 10 , 1994 .
hogan , monica , ' motor city autosound dealer rides high despite recession , ' dealerscope merchandising , march , 1992 .
roach , loretta , ' slow and steady , ' discount merchandiser , september , 1993 .
silberg , lurie , ' a hard cell , ' hfd , march 21 , 1994 .
source : international directory of company histories , vol . 10 . st . james press , 1995 .
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after a long week it ' s time to put your paws up and snuggle into the weekend .
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in 1935 , the north carolina legislature authorized the governor to appoint a commission to study the question of control of alcoholic beverages for the purpose of making recommendations to the 1937 general assembly . the commission examined two types of control under which spirituous liquor was being sold in other states ; one represented by a state licensing system and the other by a state monopoly system . after careful study , the alcoholic beverage control bill was submitted to the general assembly of 1937 and with a few changes , was enacted into law that established a monopoly system for north carolina . the control act provided for the establishment of a state board of control consisting of a chairman and two associate members who would be appointed by the governor .
some of perth ' s earliest convict handiwork has been well - preserved at the old commissariat in fremantle , with the brick and limestone warehouses now a shipwreck museum .
the first contingent of convicts arrived on june 1 , 1850 , much to the surprise of everybody in fremantle , because they weren ' t expecting them ,
mr offen said .
the convict ship had overtaken the ship carrying the message that they were coming .
the convicts were immediately put to work , and the first buildings planned were the government stores on cliff street , now the home of the western australian museum ' s shipwreck galleries .
the wa museum shipwreck galleries in fremantle . this was known as the a - shed and dates from 1852 .
in 1851 , the clerk of works , james manning , developed plans for this store on cliff street ,
mr offen said .
the site was probably chosen because it is very close to the sea and the south jetty , so it would have been very close to ships being unloaded .
the first wing was called the a - store and separate office buildings commenced in 1852 and were completed by august that year .
contemporary reports suggest that the building was used for storage before the roof was even finished ,
mr offen said .
initially there were reports that the a - shed , even with the roof on , was not very watertight , and a solitary ladder was provided to get up to the upper storeys of this building .
the clerk of works at the time , james manning , originally designed the building so that a middle wing and an end wing could be added later .
instead , a free - standing new store was constructed in 1856 , immediately behind , on what is now known as croke lane .
the final stage was never completed — probably because convict transportation to wa ceased in 1868 .
the remains of the notorious dutch ship , the batavia , are held at the fremantle shipwreck galleries .
the port saw dramatically increased in activity during the first wa gold boom in the 1890s and customs operations expanded so much that a drum store was added to the a - store in 1895 ,
mr offen explained .
for a period in the 1930s the warehouses were used as offices for the child welfare department .
the excavation of the notorious 17th century dutch trading ship , the batavia in the abrolhos islands , north of perth in 1972 , led to a new use for the old stores .
the state government decided to convert the buildings into a new wing of the western australian museum .
the museum was officially opened in 1979 and continues to display the stern section of the batavia , as well as many other maritime archaeological artefacts from western australia .
milly hooper captures striking photographic portraits of indigenous families in the stunning natural surrounds of central australia .
there ' s a fact about pepper spray that may have escaped your attention . while you can ' t bring it into australia , there ' s one state where it ' s legal to use .
does a real estate agent have to tell you if someone was murdered in a property you want to buy ? turns out it ' s a murky area of the law .
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authorities said nine bodies had been recovered from the wreckage of the blaze and taken to the coroner ' s office to be identified , while at least two dozen others remained missing , feared dead .
city and alameda county officials said they expected to find more victims once the burned - out ruins of the two - story building were fully shored up and recovery teams were able to safely comb through the structure ' s charred interior .
the sheriff ' s department said there were more bodies trapped in the debris that were hard to reach and needed to be
cut from the wreckage
.
sergeant ray kelly said excavators , a crane and dumpster trucks were being brought in to help in the recovery and the building was being flooded with light to allow crews to work through the night .
sergeant kelly said crews would have to move very slowly as they pull out debris and look for more victims .
oakland deputy fire chief mark hoffmann said the building was
a labyrinth of little areas
.
we knew people were in there , and we were trying to get them out . but it was just a labyrinth .
the blaze started about 11 . 30pm ( local time ) on friday in the city ' s fruitvale district , a mostly latino , blue - collar area that is also home to many artists living and working in converted lofts .
the cause of the blaze and exact number of casualties remained undetermined , said oakland fire chief teresa deloach reed , who called it the worst single - structure fire she had seen in her career .
drone aircraft equipped with thermal - imaging technology were sent inside the gutted structure looking for any signs of life , but none was found , a spokesman for the county sheriff said .
the party was taking place on the second floor of the building , which had just two exits , one for each floor .
the building ' s roof had collapsed into the second floor , which in places fell to the bottom floor .
authorities said they did not suspect arson , but investigators want to find out if the building , which was partitioned into artists ' studios , had a history of building code violations .
darin ranelletti , from the oakland planning department , said the city had received complaints about unpermitted construction at the building and opened an investigation .
there was a complaint that there was light in the adjacent lot , debris , garbage and trash . we were able to confirm that those violations were accurate ,
mr ranelletti said .
regarding the illegal construction , that was for interior construction within the building itself .
mr ranelletti said an inspector failed to gain access to the structure on november 7 , and that the inquiry remained open .
he said the city was aware of reports that people were living there , but no permits had been issued for habitation . it was unclear , he said , whether special permits would be needed for the artists who had set up shop inside .
relatives and friends anxiously await for their loved ones , as authorities recover more bodies .
many of the victims were young people in their 20s or 30s , authorities said .
it ' s just so hard to accept that some really wonderful people ' s lives got cut short ,
said jenny yang , 34 , an artist and activist who was waiting for news of missing friends at eli ' s , an oakland bar that opened early on saturday as a gathering spot .
video footage posted on social media showed flames shooting from the structure , which was adorned with elaborate graffiti and colourful murals , as fire vehicles pumped plumes of water and heavy smoke engulfed the neighbourhood .
authorities said they did not know how many people were at the party or how many lived on the premises .
but one eyewitness , who said he left the party to buy liquor and returned to find flames shooting from the second floor , said on twitter that he saw about 60 to 70 people in the building .
it was an inferno ,
seung y . lee recounted in a post on his verified twitter account .
mr lee , who declined an interview , tweeted that the entire first floor was
covered in wood — antiques , furniture , etc . beautiful but labyrinthine
.
external link : seung y . lee :
it was an inferno . . .
a facebook event page showed 176 people planned to attend the party , which featured electronic music performances .
we tore down a fence so people could get out , but nobody came out ,
he said .
parents and others shared contact information on the page and asked anyone with information about the missing to call .
any information please !
wrote a woman looking for her son .
at a sheriff ' s station not far from the fire , about a dozen people were waiting on saturday for updates from authorities .
i don ' t have high hopes ,
said a woman with four friends among the missing , declining to give her name .
we ' ve just spent the night calling hospitals and listening to police scanners .
a woman cries as she brings flowers to nearby the scene of the fire .
a new dinosaur has been discovered . but did it walk on two legs or four ?
it ' s no surprise the plight of the soccer team has received global media attention . but it does raise some interesting questions about how we extend empathy and concern to people we don ' t know .
hobart ' s old zoo is famous as being where the last thylacine in captivity died , but in its heyday people could view elephants , zebras , monkeys and even see a girl walking her pet leopard . what happened to the beaumaris zoo ?
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i would only recommend this position to people that have experience in sales . if you do not you will no do well . this business is fast paced and you will fall behind and struggle if you don ' t keep up . great people to work with but the workload is heavy .
nice coworkers . staff at all the store locations were nice people to work with . christmas party was very nice . management tried to be supportive when possible .
the salesman are all good people for the most part easy to work with and for . but its seemed that they made a lot more the the stock people at my location with contests and bonuses . the bonuses n such never were given to the stockmen that had to load the customers cars or unload truck full with heavy appliances .
great job for anyone . they will teach you sales techniques . very competitive and fun can make a great living on commission sales . have to be self driven . there is a lot of potential for making a great work place but also a great living .
typical day consisted of taking care of the money throughout the day . helping with computer problems , making sure the proper tags were put out for the employees . i learned a lot with resale . management was well trained and new their work well . must have maintained more of a professional image and make sure you represent the company in a positive way . the fun different type of personalities were the best part about the job .
i worked here my senior year of high school . i was a good starter job and gave me the flexibility i needed to go to school and play football . it gave me retail experience .
was a very fast paced environment . the management was very helpful and supportive . the employees were fun to work . the diversity in the products made it enjoyable and you learn a lot from the sales staff .
learnd how to use communication skills and being able to help customers and observe and report incidents in the area when things were going on . . . helping ones who were lost
everyone here is friendly , easy going if you need something they will work with you like team work . there is a manager available all the time . on occasionally , i load and unload the truck with appliances such as tv ' s , washer ' s and dryer ' s , microwave ovens and etc .
oh boy you have to be very physical for this type of work as well dedicated to it . the job may seem easy but you will definitely have your difficult times due to the fact you’re working with alcohol . overall you’ll be amazed at all the different types of alcohol and wine that no one else will see till it airs on tv lol