lanzante limited is a british automotive company specializing in service and restoration of classic cars , while also participating in auto racing in both modern and historic guises under the lanzante motorsport title .

founded by paul lanzante in the 1970s , the company is now led by his son dean lanzante out of their workshops in petersfield , hampshire , england .

lanzante motorsport won the 1995 24 hours of le mans with a mclaren f1 gtr for mclaren automotive , leading to lanzante becoming a service center for road and race mclarens .

lanzante motorsport

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today , lanzante motorsport is led by paul’s son dean . they service all f1 gtrs and have the best website this side of jalopnik .
lanzante shares a twenty - year history with mclaren dating back to lanzante motorsport’s debut victory at le mans in 1995 using a mclaren f1 gtr . lanzante has since then been an active service centre for all road and race mclarens . dean lanzante , chief of lanzante , has said that the company would keep the road - legal p1 gtr a step above the standard p1 .
not in the mood to work ? watch how lanzante motorsport went to nurburgring in may to set a new production car lap record in their mclaren p1 lm . . .
lanzante motorsport , the british team who won le mans last year in a mclaren , have had their porsche entry refused for this year ' s 24 - hour race in june .
lanzante ltd – known for its work on customer mclaren f1 and f1 gtrs , restoration and servicing of classic cars and auto racing under the name lanzante motorsport – has now announced that it will convert existing p1 gtrs for road use on a case - to - case basis .
lanzante ltd has confirmed that it will convert existing p1 gtrs for road use .
lanzante has delivered on the promise of offering a road - going mclaren p1 gtr .
when mclaren chairman ron dennis offered paul lanzante the chance to run an f1 gtr at the 1995 24 hours of le mans , paul initially thought it was a joke . then reality set in , and with lanzante motorsport committed to running chassis 01r at the race just a few months later , preparations began in earnest .
in the fourth of our ‘le mans memories’ video series celebrating the 20th anniversary of this remarkable victory , we talk to paul lanzante . team manager at lanzante motorsport , the small independent race team charged with running the ueno clinic - sponsored mclaren f1 gtr at le mans , paul masterminded that famous 1995 victory from the pit wall .
the mclaren p1 gtr lm is a rare beast with just 27 examples of the hypercar undergoing lanzante motorsport’s road - legal conversion of the generally track - only model . however , the coupe’s extreme scarcity doesn’t stop the driver of this example from pushing it hard around the nürburgring .
to emphasise its road worthiness , lanzante said the car then drove off of the circuit and home to the uk .
you ' ll learn this and more in this fantastic documentary called mclaren at le mans : pursuit of perfection . produced by mclaren , this film follows the development of the f1 lm , and focuses on three cars in the race–two fielded by david price racing , and the winning car of lanzante motorsport , shown above .
six months after first being filmed at the famed nurburgring , lanzante motorsport’s mclaren p1 lm has taken to the circuit once again , potentially chasing a lap record . lanzante first revealed their interest in attempting a nurburgring record in august last year , shortly after setting a truly blistering time at the goodwood festival of speed . a couple of months later , the road - going variant of the p1 gtr first hit the track in a number of shake down runs .
while lanzante ' s effort was not officially backed by mclaren , this isn ' t the tuner ' s first time tracking one of the british automaker ' s vehicles : lanzante campaigned the
semi - works
mclaren f1 gtr that won the 24 hours of le mans in 1995 .
lanzante decided to undertake the conversion work following demand from customers who have bought the track - only version of the p1 gtr from the factory .
back in 1995 , lanzante motorsport managed to beat all the fancy prototypes and score a stunning outright victory at the 24 hours of le mans with a mclaren f1 gtr . to celebrate , the mclaren f1 lm was launched . just five were made , and were about as close to that oft - used ‘race car for the road’ claim as any other road - legal motor has ever come . 21 years on , history is ( sort of ) repeating itself with lanzante being given mclaren special operations’ blessing to build the car you see here : the p1 lm .
lanzante motorsport boss dean lanzante has been vocal about his desire to take the p1 gtr lm around a timed run of the ‘ring . “we’ve seen what the road car is capable of there and we’ve got simulations of what our car can do , ” he told autocar last summer . “kenny bräck is doing all of the driving , so if an opportunity arose , we have the right man for the job . ” a video in november showed one of the hypercars lapping the green hell . that car had a different license plate number from the one in this clip .
amazingly , lanzante decided against sending the highly precious car back to england via a delivery truck and drove the car from germany back to u . k .
neither the mclaren factory nor its mso division has been directly involved but mclaren is believed to have given the project its blessing .
i wouldn ' t do anything to damage our relationship with mclaren , which we ' ve built up over 20 years through our work on the f1 ,
said lanzante boss dean lanzante .
mclaren is one of the most successful formula one teams in motorsport history , but they had never built a road car . they clearly had the engineering talent , however , a road car has very different demands to a racing car . components need to last years , not hours .
to answer your next question : 986 hp , from a 3 . 8 - liter twin - turbocharged v8 and electric motors . just six examples of the lm have been built and five sold to the
general public ,
making it the rarest of the p1 models . the p1 lm is the road - legal version of the p1 gtr , developed by lanzante motorsport with tweaked aerodynamics that result in a 40 percent increase in downforce over the p1 gtr - - not helpful in this particular situation .
since the development work was done already , mclaren felt it was time to hop onboard , launching the p1 lm , the last six p1s ever to be made , also by lanzante .
the story of the lanzante car is incredible for two reasons–team leader paul lanzante was a le mans rookie , and the car itself was a mclaren development chassis entered into the race at the last minute . if any f1 were to have a shot at victory in 1995 , it would have been the harrods car driven by derek bell , justin bell , and andy wallace .
nurburging lap records continue to be smashed . the most recent record holder , the lamborghini huracan performante , set a blistering 6 : 52 . 01 lap in march , deposing the street - legal record long held by the porsche 918 spyder . now , there ' s a new king : the mclaren p1 lm , a track - only hypercar made street legal by aftermarket firm lanzante motorsport . with indy 500 winner kenny brack behind the wheel , it beat the performante ' s lap record by nearly nine seconds .
“there is a bracket for it at the front but the car is not quite as aesthetically pleasing with the plate in place , ” dean lanzante , the man behind the project , tells grr .
after lanzante converted a bunch of p1 gtrs into road legal cars , it was time for an official run of 5 + 1 p1 lms , just like mclaren did with the f1 gtr in 1995 .
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the festival of speed is an event held at the goodwood house in england and it’s one of the ideal places to see an unbelievable gathering of some of the fastest and most rare vehicles on the planet . it seems as if every year there’s a superstar that emerges and therefore it’s the perfect place for car manufacturers to reveal special edition models and things of that nature . and since we’re approaching the 2017 fos , i thought i’d take a look back at last year’s event when lanzante motorsport , mclaren , and kenny brack came together to make history with the p1 lm .
the car at goodwood is one of six p1 gtrs that lanzante has commissioned mclaren special operations to build for them to road spec – read more about it here . dean adds : “we basically just copied what mclaren did with the six f1 lms they built after the le mans win in the 1990s . ” one thing is different though : lanzante is not allowing any racing stickers on the car , as happened with the f1 lm .
neither mclaren nor its special operations division are expected to be directly involved in the process but are expected to fully co - operate with lanzante for the conversion process . the first conversion is expected to start sometime later this year .
the party starts with kenny bräck driving the p1 xp1 lm up the goodwood hill on sunday . then , lanzante will build five more p1 lms . one will be dark grey like the prototype , while the other four come in orange .
other alterations include fully exposed carbonfibre for the roof and additional panels , as well as improved aerodynamics from a modified rear wing , a front splitter and dive planes that , lanzante claims , increase downforce over the p1 gtr by 40 % .
after lanzante motorsport won the 1995 24 hours of le mans with their f1 gtr for mclaren , the company built 5 + 1 road legal gtrs , thus creating the f1 lms . production was limited to five units because mclaren wasn ' t sure if they could sell more , but with the sultan of brunei buying three ( two black , one orange ) , there wasn ' t many left for the rest of the millionaires . today , lm3 ( orange ) belongs to ralph lauren , lm2 ( orange ) is also somewhere in america while xp1 lm ( also orange ) remained at mclaren , forcing lewis hamilton to buy a 760hp pagani zonda with a manual instead .
lanzante motorsport charges p1 gtr owners 240 , 000 pounds ( $ 310 , 000 ) to perform the road - legal conversion . the completed vehicles boast 986 horsepower ( 725 kilowatts ) , track - honed aerodynamics , and a lift system for negotiating speed bumps . examples don’t come up for sale very often , and sellers ask big money for them . in october 2016 , a dealer in france wanted the equivalent of $ 4 . 3 million for one , and rm sotheby’s has estimated an lm could sell for 3 . 2 million to 3 . 6 million euros ( $ 3 . 4 million to $ 3 . 82 million ) at an upcoming auction at villa erba .
you might remember paul lanzante’s name for the fact that his team will build road - legal mclaren p1 gtrs , but back in 1995 , he was the guy who went to le mans to race an f1 that wasn’t ready to race at all .
on the aero front , lanzante has added a larger front splitter , meatier canards , and a modified rear wing , all of which works together to give a 40 per cent increase in downforce . like i said , most extreme mclaren money can buy .
perhaps it ' s more appropriate to compare the lanzante - modified mclaren to the nio ep9 , an all - electric supercar that lapped the ' ring in 6 : 45 . 9 ( watch the video here ) . it ' s street - legal in europe ( but not the u . s . ) , though with only seven built so far and a price tag of nearly $ 1 . 5 million , it ' s not exactly a
production car .
still , lanzante ' s mclaren beat the nio by more than two seconds .
the p1 lm will be supplied by lanzante ltd . with a full tool kit including a torque wrench and wheel socket plus diagnostics tablet . included , too , will be a tailored car cover and battery charging system . owners will also be treated to a 1 : 8 scale model of their car and framed rendering .
a lot of luck , smart decision making , and a blistering performance by lehto brought the lanzante car to victory and into the history books . it ' s one of the greatest tales in le mans history , so you owe it to yourself to watch the full film . it ' s 40 minutes well spent .
of course , caveats apply . lanzante isn ' t a car manufacturer in the same vein as lamborghini , mclaren , or porsche . the company took the track - only p1 gtr—which mclaren never officially timed at the ' ring—and modified it to street - legal spec for a select group of buyers in the u . s . , japan , u . k . , and the uae . previously , the lanzante - modified p1 lm became the fastest street - legal car to climb the hill at the goodwood festival of speed . with 986 horsepower from a twin - turbo v8 with hybrid assist , it ' s no surprise the thing is quick .
lanzante says the biggest change from the p1 gtr is in the engine hardware , which now produces additional boost and hybrid power to keep the full 986bhp from the p1 gtr . it also gets gold - plated heat shielding in the engine bay , and the charge coolers have been tweaked to be more efficient at higher temperatures .
the race was one of stormy skies and tricky conditions . against all odds and cars perceived to be much faster , the f1 took outright victory . this historic win was far from a given , though . the f1 that actually won was a modified test car entered into the race at last minute by a chap named paul lanzante .
to answer the most pertinent question : a standard mclaren p1 has a ground clearance of 4 . 7 inches at the front axle and 5 . 5 inches at the rear axle , but in race mode it can drop down to 2 . 6 inches at both axles , which will clear most loose coins or insects on the ground ( but not all ) . the mclaren p1 lm does not have this lowering system - - lanzante motorsport ditched it along with some other items from the p1 gtr model on which it ' s based to save some weight - - so it rides at a fixed height . but it doesn ' t appear that the lm could actually clear the speed hump if it wanted to ; it might even high - center on it if it weren ' t hopping over it , which could lead to a most cringe - worthy crunch whose sound we ' re trying hard to keep out of our heads .
unlike the f1 gtrs , the p1 gtrs aren ' t proper race cars , but that didn ' t stop buyers queueing up for them . mclaren special operations only made 50 units to be raced at private track days organized by the company , but then dean lanzante started to make those road legal as well , suddenly , these became the fastest road - going mclarens ever .
as for the p1 lm ' s streetability ? lanzante says that , after the lap record was set , the car was driven all the way from the nurburgring to the company ' s home in the u . k . sadly , you probably won ' t be able to buy one for yourself : only five examples were built , and they ' ve all been sold already .
they had no chance . so many things remained on their to - do lists at the start that lanzante expected their prototype to run maybe for an hour or so , but certainly not for 24 . the # 59 gtr even had some tools onboard so that the drivers can replace their fuel pumps in case of a failure , because they couldn’t finish the backup system properly . madness .
one of the key members of the newly - formed kokusai kaihatsu racing team was graham humphrys , then race engineer , now director of gt1 design and a driving force behind aston martin’s nürburgring racing efforts . working alongside paul lanzante and geoff hazell ( who ran the mclaren gtr programme ) , it was humphrys who effectively engineered the no . 59 car , making all the calls relating to its pre - race preparations and maintenance during the race itself .
you can only imagine the pressure lanzante must’ve experienced that last weekend of june when releasing to the world the project they’d poured your blood sweat and tears into . and to make it even more stressful , this obviously isn’t the typical “unveiling” where you have a couple lovely ladies standing next to it on a rotating stage . instead , you have the eyes of moto enthusiasts all over the world watching your masterpiece careening up this short , tight and fast hill climb run against some of the fastest cars in the world .
lanzante promised to bring the p1 to the ' ring to set a lap time , and now we ' ve got video of the record - setting lap . it ' s astonishingly quick , riding on street - legal but custom made pirelli trofeo tires of
a specific size and compound .
and while it ' s not quite apples - to - apples to compare an aftermarket - modified hypercar to a factory - stock production vehicle , one thing is for certain : this is one hell of a lap .
the fact that paul lanzante hasn’t been to le mans before wasn’t the biggest issue they had . when the gtr le mans 24 project landed at him , it was already late in the year so the drivers they could get on such short notice barely had any seat time in the car prior to qualifying . the car itself was also half finished at best since the mechanics had to get to know each other before getting elbow deep in the gtr , a mule that was developed on a day - to - day basis .
neither lanzante nor mclaren expected the no . 59 f1 gtr to win at le mans . it was a new team , up against customer mclaren teams that had been running the f1 gtr throughout the 1995 bpr global gt endurance series . and beyond that , all the mclarens were competing against purpose - built sports prototypes . for paul and his team , qualifying was not about setting a fast lap time and trying to be at the front of the grid ; rather , it was a chance for the team to gel , and learn how to work together .
the bottom line is that no matter how good kenny is behind the wheel , a lot comes down to the car , and that’s why the p1 lm is in my opinion the best hardcore track car turned street legal beast . at least until the next level of performance comes in the form of the bp23 , project one , and valkyrie . when that time comes i might need to reevaluate . in the meantime check out the rolling work of art in action , and as an added bonus , i included lanzante’s official video that gives you a brief behind the scenes look at the unveiling of the car as well as great footage of the record run .
in the race , though , the faster prototypes faltered , and lanzante maintains that the other mclaren teams raced too hard . his strategy was just to keep going , the tortoise against the hares . in the first third of the race , the no . 59 f1 gtr ran steadily . during the night , with driver jj lehto putting in one of the greatest performances ever seen at le mans , no . 59 started to climb through the field . but it was only in the final few hours that paul started to believe his team could win , at which point he changed strategy and went for outright victory . the rest , as they say , is history .
again just five will be made , and in another nod to the f1 lm , four will be finished in orange and one will be grey . worried about it being watered down for the road ? put those fears to one side - it’s just as powerful with 986bhp put to the rear wheels from the same 3 . 8 - litre v8 and electric motor combo , something lanzante has achieved by upping the boost pressure , as it’ll be running on 99 octane fuel rather than race - spec juice . oh , and it’s actually lighter than the gtr . the onboard air jack is gone , the seats are f1 gtr items , and the windows are now polycarbonate . all this saves 60kg .
in 1995 , the mclaren f1 went racing , culminating in an assault on le mans . here ' s the story
the story of mclaren’s debut win at the 1995 le mans remains one of the great legends of la sarthe . even now , some fifteen years after the event , the significance of what happened during those 24 hours remains truly remarkable .
lest we forget , the f1 was the world’s most famous car in 1995 . everyone was buzzing with excitement , rapt by its power , price , pace and peerless quality . that would have been enough for most supercar manufacturers , but not mclaren . having taken the decision to develop a racing version and supply it to privateer teams for the bpr gt1 endurance series , an assault on le mans was inevitable .
perhaps because chance of an overall victory against the courage and kremer prototypes was thought to be slim , mclaren’s support for the programme was deliberately low - key . independent teams would run the cars , as they did in the bpr endurance series , but mclaren did co - ordinate a 24 - hour test at magny cours in order to expose any weaknesses in the package and subsequently develop upgrades , which would then be made available to all the teams running f1s .
the car used for this test was owned by mclaren , but thanks to sponsorship from the japanese cosmetic surgery practice , ueno clinic , sufficient budget was found to run the car at le mans too .
, who bolstered their ranks with experienced endurance racing engineers and known associates of mclaren .
though the car’s progress appeared imperious from the spectator banking ( i know , i was there ) , the ueno clinic f1 almost didn’t complete the first hour of the race . humphrys explains : ‘we had a torrid time in the build - up to the race . jj ( lehto ) was phenomenally quick whenever he drove the car , but he’d bent a few wishbones by clouting the kerbs in qualifying .
' then he buzzed the motor , which meant we had to speak with the bmw guys , who were looking after the engines .
, and that was their view of our engine . there was a spare , but i had to make the call to ron dennis to tell him we needed to have it . he listened intently , asked if anyone else had a similar need for the motor , and then gave us the okay to use it .
‘the engine swap meant we were working late into the night . actually we were still working in the early hours of race day morning . at around 2am i can remember us scrabbling round the paddock trying to load the car onto a flat - bed transporter – we even enlisted a few drunk spectators to help us push it onto the truck – before taking to the aerodrome across the road from the main entrance for a shakedown test .
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our famous win at the 24 hours of le mans in 1995 was unprecedented . not only was the mclaren f1 gtr essentially a road car competing against purpose - built prototype racers , but it was also the first entry by mclaren in the world - famous endurance race . yet we finished 1st , 3rd , 4th , 5th and 13th , and we remain the only manufacturer to win le mans at their first attempt .
‘as more years go by , the more i realise what was achieved . mclaren was the first manufacturer ever to win on its first attempt – but i didn’t even know the way to le mans , and today there are still people who have been doing the race for 20 or 30 years and have never won . ’
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in the end , a clever strategy , a pair of tricky headlamps , the magic of jj lehto and the correct alinement on all the planets in the galaxy put a small company called mclaren in the history books .
kinja is in read - only mode . we are working to restore service .
“we left it off for goodwood because we are trying to eke out everything we can for its runs up the hill . it does have a rear numberplate…”
although modified from the track - only p1 gtr to be road legal , the ultimate ultimate series mclaren , with 1000hp , is running at fos among competition cars in group 5 , with kenny brack behind the wheel .
“we are running it there because we want to see where the car stands among competition cars , ” says dean . “i want to know how it fares against an f1 car , a group c jaguar or sebastian loeb’s pike’s peak car . if we were a second off the pike’s peak car ( 44sec and among the fastest cars ever up the hill – ed ) it would be an amazing achievement – that a member of the public could buy a car that fast and drive it on the road . ”
another difference is that the p1 will never be able to emulate its older brother’s le mans record . without a racing heritage will the car – which comes with a £2 . 95m plus taxes price tag – ever appreciate in value as much ?
“hypercars like the p1 can never run at le mans as they used to . they can never have a racing heritage – but they can prove their performance credentials in other ways , at goodwood for instance and also at the nurburgring where we plan to go with the car next . all p1s have doubled in value already and we are confident we have priced the lm version correctly . ”
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the biggest change is to the engine hardware producing additional boost and hybrid power in order to maintain the mclaren p1 gtr ' s 1000ps ( 986bhp ) . this is achieved while still using 99 - octane fuel .
the engine bay features gold plated heat shielding while the catalytic convertor pipes and exhaust headers are made using the exotic ' super - alloy ' inconel saving 4 . 5 kg . furthermore , the charge coolers will be produced with even more efficient cores to maintain power at higher run temperatures .
wheels and tyres are unique to the p1 lm but the race active chassis control and major parts of the mclaren p1tm gtr are retained .
the lm will be 60kg lighter than even the mclaren p1 gtr thanks to the removal of race parts such as the air - jack system , the use of lightweight seats from the mclaren f1 gtr , the inconel exhaust and titanium tailpipes , lightweight fabricated charge coolers , lexan windows , and the use of titanium bolts and fixings .
the final set up of the cars will be completed by kenny brack at the nürburgring circuit .
the advanced aerodynamics and styling of the mclaren p1 gtr are largely carried over to the p1 lm but with increased aero from a modified rear wing , and larger front splitter and dive planes . together the changes give a predicted increase in downforce of 40 % .
the p1 lm is uniquely fitted with a fully exposed carbon fibre roof and additional panels . other exterior changes include orange brake callipers on the orange examples and silver on the grey ones .
exposed carbon fibre covers the entire dashboard , instrument cowl , seat backs , roof , door cards , centre console and even the floor mats . air conditioning is included as standard .
orange alcantara is used for the seat inserts and door pulls on the orange cars , black on the grey examples . five point seat belts are also fitted .
the alcantara trimmed steering wheel is unique to the p1 lm and is a modified version of that used in the championship winning mclaren mp4 / 23 driven by lewis hamilton .
did they say 986 horsepower on super premium gas , 40 percent more downforce and the seats from an f1 gtr ? i ' m sold . the only problem is that i have a thing for prototypes , so if mclaren is keeping the p1 xp1 lm , i ' ll need that other dark grey car . . .
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historical headlines are not easy to come by at goodwood and it requires something special in order to do so . and i don’t think anyone could look at the p1 lm and not agree that it most definitely qualifies for that . especially that weekend . i say that because that was the first time the public laid eyes on this masterpiece and once you learned the details about it there was absolutely no question that something special was happening and records were going to be broken .
to celebrate the amazing achievement accomplished that day , the goodwood youtube channel released in - car footage of brack’s entire record run that day and it’s fascinating to see it from that perspective . from the outside , the car looks cool , calm , and lightning fast , but when you see it from the inside it’s something else altogether . it’s ferocious and violent as if brack is trying to wrestle a grizzly bear , but yet it appears to be even faster than it does from the outside . i personally watched the video multiple times , just enthralled that every little wiggle of that formula 1 looking steering wheel was likely saving the car from flying off the road or hitting a wall and being destroyed . you’ve got to hand it to brack for keeping his composure as he threads the needle through the “bridge turn” at well over 100mph ( not the proper name i’m sure ) in a car that’s worth over $ 4 million . not to mention the extremely limited final production number of a whopping six in total . so for that in itself , bravo kenny .
extreme track toy shootout : bac mono 2 . 5 vs radical rxc turbo 500
believe it or not , a jeep grand cherokee can now blast from 0 - 60 in just 3 . 5 seconds
mclaren ' s le mans win was one of the most stunning in motorsports history . here ' s how they pulled it off .
a huge part of the mclaren f1 ' s legend is its shock victory at the 24 hours of le mans in 1995 . we once described the f1 as
the road car so good , they detuned the engine and won le mans .
what ' s funny , though , is that the f1 ' s victory was highly improbable at best .
the f1 , while damn quick , was well off the pace of dedicated sports prototypes like the courage - porsche driven by mario andretti . in qualifying , the quickest mclaren started at ninth on the grid . what swung things back in mclaren ' s favor was a long , rainy night and a finnish driver by the name of j . j . lehto .
the mclaren p1 gtr , only sold to existing p1 customers , is a hardcore track - only version of the road - legal p1 . using a combination of a petrol engine and an electric motor , the car generates a total of around 986bhp and has a kerb weight of only 1 , 440kg . this gives it a power - to - weight ratio of 685bhp per tonne .
what you’re looking at here is the quickest , scariest and most extreme mclaren money can buy . and yes , it’s even more extreme than the p1 gtr upon which it’s based , something we’ll get back to shortly . but first , a history lesson .
other benefits for well - heeled p1 lm owners include a 1 : 8 replica model , a tool kit , and a final setup at the nurburgring undertaken by former racing driver kenny bräck .
there’s no word on price yet , but it’ll be one of those cases of if you have to ask . our guess ? well in excess of £2 million . since we don’t have that kind of cash , we’ll settle for watching the xp1 lm prototype ( yep , that’s another cheeky f1 reference ) belting up goodwood hill at this weekend’s festival of speed with bräck at the wheel .
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it was what the bugatti chiron is to cars today . something that pushed boundaries , achieved things no other car had before , a real game changer in the world of supercars . the mclaren f1 made its mark in automotive history .
gordon murray is a very talented designer and has penned everything from championship winning f1 cars to compact city machines . back in the early 1990s , he was mclaren’s main man . his talent had delivered the team a lot of racing success , but murray wanted to push himself further . after a bit of persuading mclaren boss , ron dennis , signed off on the idea of build a road car .
on top of the challenge of building a car from scratch , murray wanted it to be the finest performance machine the world had ever seen . this meant using exotic materials , formula one science , and unconventional design .
in 1992 , the mclaren f1 was revealed to the world as the first totally carbon fiber car . murray frequently said that its direct ancestor is a formula one car .
the f1 is a tightly packaged car to keep the weight low . however , putting a great big v12 engine in the middle means there is a lot of heat — and heat likes to melt things .
murray’s solution was gold . no , it actually was gold ! the precious metal is a very good heat reflector and so every mclaren f1 contains 0 . 56 ounces ( 16 grams ) of gold in its engine bay .
the f1’s heart was something debated at great length . how big should the engine be ? turbocharged or not ? who would build it ?
murray approached mclaren’s formula one engine supplier , honda , for something that was closely related to what they use in racing . honda said no . isuzu offered up a 3 . 5 - liter v12 that they intended to take racing , but this time it was murray that said no . mclaren wanted something with proven racing pedigree .
so what now ? a car is no good without an engine . enter bmw m division boss paul rosche with a 6 . 1 - liter v12 . this gave the mclaren f1 627 horsepower ( 468 kilowatts ) and a 0 - 60 miles per hour time ( 97 kilometers per hour ) of just 3 . 2 seconds . these are performance figures that still make modern - day cars blush .
the mclaren f1 was a technological marvel but it wasn’t until 1998 that it realized its full potential . relieved of its rev limiter , the only thing that capped the top speed , it clocked 240 . 1 mph ( 386 kph ) . this was substantially faster than the 213 mph ( 343 kph ) jaguar xj220 .
it was a record the f1 would hold for many years . in fact , it took until 2005 for the bugatti veyron to take the crown .
there were many unique elements about the mclaren f1 , yet the thing that still stands out today is how the driver sits . instead of being right - or left - hind - drive the f1’s driver sits in the middle and is flanked by two passengers . this not only gives it unusual practicality for a supercar , but also increased visibility for the driver .
british law wasn’t prepared for such a radical car and so mclaren actually had to request that the rules be changed for the f1 .
the legendary le mans 24 hour race is the ultimate punishment for any car . twenty - four hours of race pace driving is enough to break just about anything . in 1995 , mclaren supplied a few teams with a racing
just like today , the endurance race was broken up into several categories . the fastest are always the prototype cars – machines built purely for racing . the f1 might be of road car fame , but it was adapted to be a racing car and so the only expectation was to win its class .
just 106 mclaren f1s were built between 1992 and 1998 including prototype and racing cars . only 64 road cars were made , making the mclaren f1 one of the rarest modern classics out there .
the first f1 imported into america is soon to go up for auction . experts speculate that it could sell for around $ 10 million .
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if you are in the market for a larger family hauler these two would be an example of similar trucks you are likely to cross - shop .
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street - legal mclaren p1 lm shatters nurburgring record with 6 : 43 . 2 lap
the p1 lm is claimed to be the quickest , rarest and last of the p1 variants . just five production models are being made .
thanks to a number of weight - saving measures . the exhaust headers and catalytic convertor pipes are made from inconel , saving 4 . 5kg , and race parts like the air jack system have been removed and lightweight seats from the f1 gtr are used .
inside , the car gets exposed carbonfibre for the dashboard , instrument cowl , seat backs , roof , centre console and even floor mats . air - con comes as standard .
has been part of the team that ' s developed the car ' s final settings .
more than 40 £1 . 98 million p1 gtrs were sold , with the cars being offered to existing p1 road car owners only . the track car has a kerb weight of 1440kg , giving it around 685bhp per tonne .
no interest in it at all as a fake racing car / track only car , but as soon as it becomes road legal , i like it .
not for the first time , the mega rich leave me baffled . these customers already own a road - going p1 , have a gtr because it isn ' t compromised for road use , and now wish to turn their gtr road legal too ?
the reason you are confused scrap , is because like me , you are a car enthusiast . this is merely going to be part of a portfolio , not something to be actually enjoyed . very limited special editions of already exotic machines will be kept in a vault as long term investments . seems like a shame to me .
maybe not in that colour , eh ? colour blind or norwich city supporting billionaires only need apply .
the colours are meant to represent the harrods racing colours that the mclaren f1 used to race in .
i should qualify my new - found enthusiasm by saying that if i had a road going one of these , i would of course dump the p1 . . .
i ' d probably go the other way and keep the gtr as it is for track use and further develop the standard p1 so it didn ' t have to do the whole jekyll an hyde split personality thing . i always thought that as soon as an existing customer bought the gtr that they were effectively making one half of the p1 ' s ability redundant as it ' s track setting is illegal for road use and if your planning to do a track day your going to use the very expensive car designed specifically for the task not the one that ' s a compromise . i ' d personally take away the standard cars on track ability and all the concessions made to it and maximize it ' s on road potential . you would then have a car for each discipline that was fully focused
perhaps mclaren should be spending time and money on their f1 cars ? last significant season 2008 , all we have had since then are excuses whilst brawn , red bull , mercedes have been out of sight . constructors championship ?
i am a mclaren fan but in the 2010 ' s they should leave the exotic road cars to ferrari , lamborghini and ascari .
the wrangler is back , and it ' s bigger , better and more wrangly than ever . if you think it’s for you , you’ll love it . if you think it’s not , it’s not .
we rate the new m5 as best in class . will we think the same after three months with it ?
chris harris on cars - laferrari v porsche 918 v mclaren p1 at portimao .
we ' d love to know how quickly this hypercar can lap the famous track .
according to the vid’s youtube description , this p1 gtr lm was lapping the ‘ring during industry pool testing on april 27 . it’s amazing to see how easily the hypercar negotiates the corners . the driver barely appears to lift off the throttle during turns , and the biturbo v8 sounds amazing .
park this street - legal mclaren p1 gtr in your driveway for $ 4 . 3m
bräck and the p1 gtr lm already holds the record for road - legal vehicle at goodwood ' s 1 . 16 - mile ( 1 . 86 - kilometer ) hillclimb . last year , the driver hustled the hypercar up the course in just 47 . 07 seconds .
given those prices , seeing this one kick up sparks is a little more impressive . this driver clearly doesn’t seem too worried about lowering the value of the rare hypercar .
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blistering time of 6 : 42 . 3 minutes in the process . driven by
the nio ep9 ' s and the lamborghini huracan performante ' s recently broken lap record .
since young , fai ming has always centered his life around cars . in fact his first word was ' car ' and not ' mum ' or ' dad ' . aren ' t kids cute ?
a souped - up version of the oppo find x has been launched recently . with a lamborghini badge on th . . .
a proton has been caught on someone ' s dashcam driving recklessly and crashing into a porsche . . .
the lamborghini huracan is not exactly a workhorse but someone has turned it into one by putting . . .
the porsche panamera turbo s e - hybrid is one of the fastest - accelerating four - door cars in the wo . . .
a rare lexus lfa has crashed in singapore last week and with less than 10 units on our shores and . . .
marvel fans can consider daihatsu ' s latest offering , the thor . yes , it is no spelling error . . . .
mycarforum is singapore ' s top car forum . we have information on car tinting , sports rims , rent car , car grooming , car repair , car decal , car leather seat , car towing , car mat & motor insurance . we are partners with singapore cars site specialising in used cars , new cars , car articles , car reviews & car news . you can find new car prices from toyota , honda , nissan , audi , kia , hyundai , volkswagen , lexus , mitsubishi , indonesia cars & bmw . there is also information on car rental , car audio , used car dealers , car workshop , car blog , vehicle insurance , car insurance quotation , car insurance singapore , car sticker , car insurance , mover & chauffeur service .
in the video below , the most insane road - legal p1 on earth can be seen tackling green hell at full pace , screaming through corners and hustling down the long straight like a ufo . its incredibly low undertray even scrapes along the circuit at one point , sending sparks flying through the air .


rocky mount instruments or rmi was a subsidiary of the allen organ company , established in about 1966 .

it was based in rocky mount , north carolina .

it is most famous for the rmi electra piano , a keyboard instrument that created piano and harpsichord-like sounds without the use of strings , tines , or reeds , instead using transistors , much like the combo organs of the day .

rocky mount instruments

allen organ lists musical instruments and electronic assemblies in those sites and a previously held site in rocky mount , n . c . , for its rocky mount instruments subsidiary .
milwaukee instruments , inc . , 2950 business park drive , rocky mount , nc 27804 , usa
rocky mount instruments by lambert m . surhone , mariam t . tennoe , susan f . henssonow
a manufacturer of electronic instruments in the late ' 60s and ' 70s . rmi stood for
rocky mount instruments
after its location in rocky mount , north carolina usa . it was owned by the venerable allen organ company and was originally opened as an r & d office .
birds eye view of rocky mount , north carolina . , . [ no date recorded on shelflist card ] photograph . urltoken
this page shows 1 to 4 of the 4 rocky mount businesses who supply musical instruments listed on the customer managed business website . contact and interact : the column on the right shows contact details including phone numbers and web addresses along with additional information which is available for each company , making it even easier to find musical instruments in rocky mount , north carolina .
to start , rmi stands for rocky mount instruments , inc . , which was a wholly owned subsidiary of the allen organ company . the manufacturing operations were located in rocky mount , north carolina ; design and sales were handled at the allentown organ company , located in macungie , pennsylvania . although the majority of production was done at the carolina facility , there were instruments produced at the macungie plant .
in 1966 , or thereabouts , rocky mount instruments was established as a division of the allen organ company , a massive concern that was later to become a pioneer in the use of digital sound generation in electric organs . however , whereas the allen organ co . resided in pennsylvania , its subsidiary occupied a rented warehouse in rocky mount , north carolina .
pfizer ' s rocky mount facility manufactures injectable hospital products . the facility also provides contract manufacturing services such as aseptic filling , lyophilization and terminal sterilization .
birds eye view of rocky mount , north carolina . , . [ no date recorded on shelflist card ] [ photograph ] retrieved from the library of congress , urltoken
birds eye view of rocky mount , north carolina . [ no date recorded on shelflist card ] photograph . retrieved from the library of congress , < urltoken > .
rocky mount instruments inc . . . now there ' s a name . i don ' t know what it suggests to you , but i picture a mountaineering equipment shop , or maybe the purveyor of some sort of arcane and unsavoury surgical implem
known for its musical instruments , allen organ also produces contract electronic assemblies and data communications equipment .
floyd cramer and chet atkins . two legends at their instruments , two giants in the music industry .
there are more business categories for you to explore in the cmb shopping section for aberdeen and ahoskie . in the rocky mount area of the site you can find free information about companies dealing with activewear , clothing stores , coffee shops , computer games and farm equipment .
with help from . . . the quality and detail of the rocky mount instruments ( rmi ) room is due to the extreme kindness of tom emerick at allen organ company . mr . emerick was national service manager at rmi for its entire history , and still works at allen organ company . in researching and writing this content , he has been very generous with his time and resources . thank you , tom .
ents . what this name most definitely does not suggest to me is music , more specifically the music of my misspent youth . yet , without rocky mount instruments inc . , there would be no lamb lies down on broadway , no yessongs , no spectral mornings , and no quintessentially odd british bands such as gentle giant , gryphon and greenslade . well . . . probably there would , but they would have been very different animals .
allen organ , which employs about 525 people , is a leading manufacturer of electronic keyboard musical instruments , primarily digital electronic church organs and accessories .
download these easy - to - understand , fact - filled informational sheets to learn more about some common measurements and the instruments used to take them .
the keyboard instruments created by american manufacturer rmi may be deeply obscure now , but without them , ' 70s progressive rock could have a very different sonic signature .
1 print : hand - colored lithograph ; sheet 47 x 54 . 8 cm . | print shows a group portrait of six members of the mendelssohn quintette club of boston with their instruments ; shown are , . . .
if you ' ve never heard of the instruments described so far , i ' m not surprised ; we have been travelling far beyond the land of enthusiasts , deep into the realms of the obsessive collector . but now we ' re going to turn to a series of instruments that were , for a short while , to make rmi a mainstream manufacturer in the rock and pop worlds . these were collectively known as the rmi electra - piano and harpsichord .
by 1972 , there were three rmis based on the 300b . they were all good instruments , but they were replaced in 1972 by what was to become the greatest rmi of them all : the 368 electra - piano and harpsichord .
vann mccoy grew up in mount airy , north carolina , and like the fictional town it inspired , some folks who lived there were happy learning what they needed to know to make a living . but from a young age , mccoy was on a search for something different .
need to mount your high - end turntable on a wall ? check out the kanso audio furniture “tana” wall - mounted turntable shelf ( $ 5 , 425 ) . natural walnut wood with a semi - gloss lacquer . beautiful , practical , and apparently extraordinary at stopping resonance in its tracks .
the fed had reduced its benchmark interest rate to near zero , blinder says . it could decide to say that ' s all we can do and
give up and hope for the best ,
or start inventing new instruments , he says .
alan blinder : ben bernanke and company then were literally at a crossroads . so what do we do , give up and say that ' s all we ' ve done and let ' s hope for the best , or start inventing new instruments ?
milwaukee instruments , inc . is comprised of manufacturing , sales , and distribution facilities throughout the world . our precision , diagnostic equipment is used in laboratories , food and beverage operations , agriculture , industry , and by hobbyists in a wide variety of applications .
supporting equipment included an aesthetic romulus eclipse cd player ( $ 14 , 000 ) and jellabas model 2 ac filtering ( $ 2 , 000 ) . the timber and natural textures of the saxophone were incredible as were that of most midrange / bass instruments .
last week , the business renewables center ( brc ) , a membership program at rocky mountain institute , hosted its annual member event for corporate buyers of renewable energy . at the event , brc released a new report titled corporate renewable energy procurement : 2017 state of the market , north america . —april 18 , 2018 .
fed officials chose the second alternative and came up with something called quantitative easing . it entailed buying huge amounts , ultimately $ 1 . 7 trillion , of mortgage - backed securities , the very financial instruments that helped trigger the crisis . that helped stabilize the market for those securities and revive the housing market .
we manufacture affordable , easy - to - use meters , testers , monitors and controllers for measuring ph , ec , tds , orp , lux , do and all types of photometers and mini - titrators . milwaukee instruments offers equipment built to the highest international standards ; fast , knowledgeable customer service ; and an excellent warranty program – all at competitive prices .
the rock - si - chord models were introduced in 1967 . the two basic models were the model 100 and model 200 . the main difference was that the model 100 had a single set of individual ton generators ( one tone generator for each of its 49 notes ) tuned at an eight foot pitch , while the model 200 had two sets of individual tone generators , one tuned at an 8 - foot pitch and one tuned at a 4 - foot pitch . all the models were designed as percussive instruments , which means that the tone will decay after the key is depressed . there is no organ stop on these instruments . all models were painted blue . all models were designed to be used with an external amplification system .
ydstie : the fed chair and his colleagues didn ' t give up . instead they employed an unusual central bank tool called quantitative easing . they began by buying up mortgage - backed securities , the very financial instruments that triggered the financial crisis . the aim was to revive the housing sector . also , the fed started buying massive amounts of u . s . government bonds to help reduce long - term interest rates and support growth .
if i was given an hour ' s notice that my studio was going to burn down or flood , i would have to decide which keyboards to save . and high on my list , supplanting many more obviously desirable instruments , you would find my electrapiano . it ' s not a question of value - - it only cost me £150 , and i doubt i could sell it for much more . it ' s not a question of usefulness - - most of my musical life now revolves around trinities , xp80s , and other modern workhorses . it ' s not a question of provenance - - although , prior to its stint in the fixx , my 368 was owned by richard harvey of gryphon , featuring on their latter albums , including the superb raindance . it ' s not even a question of emotional attachment - - i have many instruments that i ' m more fond of .
indeed , if you ' re really desperate for a 368 fix , you need look no further than the ' keyboards of the ' 60s and ' 70s ' expansion board for roland ' s jv - series instruments . this contains a superb rendition ( or two ) of the electra - piano , programmed by none other than sound on sound contributor nick magnus . as keyboard player for steve hackett , nick was responsible for no small number of classic late - ' 70s prog tracks drenched in electra - piano , so he was the ideal man to recreate the character of the original .
the second family was the ' electronic pianos ' , instruments that had no physical sound generation system , and whose key contacts did no more than initiate the action of circuitry to generate the sound . most of these were ghastly . do you remember crumar roadrunners , roadracers and roadys ? how about the galanti and gem instapianos , or the sound city jo ' annas ? did i say ghastly ? the truth is that they were worse than ghastly , with dull , lifeless sounds lacking feel or dynamics . indeed , most lacked even the most rudimentary touch sensitivity , so they went ' plunk ' no matter how you played them .
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manufacturers ase asi ata akai ampron aries arp atlantex boss buchla casio con brio crb elettronica crumar davoli dewtron dmr digisound digital keyboards bruce duncan electro - harmonix edp eml ems elektor elka e - mu ensoniq fairlight firstman gds gray laboratories erik g hammond jen kawai kineticsound korg kurzweil linn electronics mcleyvier moog mpc electronics multivox mxr ned oberheim octave optigan paia pollard pms polyfusion polyvox ppg realistic rca rhodes rmi roland sequential circuits serge solton steiner - parker stramp synclavier synergy synton technos teisco thomas organ t . o . n . t . o . triadex univox whitehall wms wurlitzer yamaha
as i sit down and attempt to put into words the history of a company and its products , my memory drifts back to a simpler , but exciting period of time in the design and development of commercial electronic musical portable keyboards . i have always considered myself very fortunate to have had the opportunity to be involved in the design , sales , and service of the rmi products throughout its history .
this history is being compiled for the sole purpose of passing information on to future generations , and any other use is denied . the dates of the different products are as close as i remember , or as i can verify through brochures or discussing with individuals whose memory is clearer than mine .
at this time , i wish to acknowledge the fact that although there were many people involved in the rmi project , the credit must go to mr . jerome markowitz ( now deceased ) , who was the founder and owner of the allen organ company . without his vision , inventiveness , and leadership , the project would never have been .
the rmi company goal was to provide a high quality product geared to the professional , at a cost affordable to many weekend musicians . in my opinion , the tonal quality and reliability of the rmi product line far surpassed any other product line in its day . the list of professional customers speaks for itself .
the company opened manufacturing operations in 1966 in a rented warehouse , with a new 66 , 000 sq . ft . plant dedicated in 1967 . although the manufacturing of products under the rmi name ceased in the mid - 1980s , the company continued in operation producing organs and organ assemblies for allen until 1999 when the facility was sold .
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the rmi harmonic synthesizer offers very unique and characteristic sounds thanks to a special sound generation : additive synthesis .
harmonic synthesizer looks like a combo - organ , two sets of 16 harmonics sliders show that this synth is particular .
each harmonic generators is monophonic , however they are routed on an independant audio ouput . this allows to make strange stereo effect .
we have here several preset waveforms available such as
clarinet
,
pulse
,
sync
,
flute
,
horn
,
reed
. they can be selected or mixed with the harmonic generator .
as said before each generator has independant audio chanel . first generator can play a
sequence
while a solo line is played with the second generator ( listen to the sound demo
boogie bass
where two sequences are played at once ) .
harmonic doesn ' t have a real sequencer , it is an arpegiator . when you press a chord , a sequence is created .
placing the harmonic synthesizer in the random mode causes the notes to be played in random order .
dynamic effects are created by voltage - controlled filters with low - pass , band - pass , and high - pass mixable outputs . [ the envelope generator for the vcf is very strange on the harmonic synthesizer . it has a knob to select
sweep up
, sweep down
and another knob for time . ]
in 1974 rmi introduced it ' s first , and only synthesizer . although it was housed in the familiar rmi case , it was a totally different design than any previous instrument . to my knowledge , it was the first digital designed synthesizer available on the consumer market . the instrument was probably years ahead in design , and not understood , except by the professional musician .
the instrument was monophonic , with two independent digital harmonic generators . each generator ' s waveform could be modified independently , effectively like having two synthesizers by depressing one key . the unit had am and fm control , and voltage controlled filters . its own expression pedal controlled each audio output .
the instrument listed for $ 2995 , and was manufactured through 1976 .
- - - tom emerick , allen organ company
[ let us know if you have any further additions to this list . ]
the original model 100 contained two individual voices , the string and the lute . these voices could be played together or individually . the instrument was built into a plywood case similar to the lark model . it came with a single expression shoe to adjust the volume . the retail cost was $ 4695 . the model 100a had harpsi , cembalo , lute , guitar a , and guitar b voices , which could be played together or individually . the unit was housed into the familiar rmi style case . the retain cost of the model 100a was $ 795 . this model was discontinued in october of 1968 .
- - - tom emerick , allen organ company
[ let us know if you know who should be on this list . ]
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best pressure gauges in the u . s . got a new one for a very reasonable price .
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no hidden fees on total plans plus unlimited data for just $ 40 / mo . , with 4 lines . u . s . cellular is the fifth - largest full - service wireless carrier in the united states , providing… read more
i called el - ramey service in need for a last minute tuning and i was introduced to an extremely friendly and knowledgeable tuner / pianist named butch . he came out to my mom ' s house… read more
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best banjo store in north carolina . around 50 banjos ( maybe 10 bluegrass and the rest old - time ) made by a variety of builders , plus some guitars and a few mandolins . some interesting… read more
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their best known product was their line of electric pianos , which unlike competing products from rhodes , wurlitzer , and hohner , were fully electronic . the pianos were fully polyphonic , with a voice circuit for each key consisting of a fixed - frequency oscillator , an envelope generator and a vca . fixed filter circuits provided a small set of timbres including piano , harpsichord , and guitar / lute sounds , which could be selected in any combination .
the intriguing feature of the pianos was the
organ mode
, in which the envelope release time was changed to a very long value . progressive rock keyboardists in the ' 70s found that this was ideal for running through distortion and phaser effects to produce very un - pianolike sounds . the model 368 was a favorite of tony banks who had his modified with built - in effects .
rmi manufactured several digital synthesizers that were ahead of their time . the keyboard computer i and ii models were basically additive synthesis machines that contained selections of harmonic mixes that could be selected via front panel switches , or additional ones could be fed in via a built - in punched card reader ; pre - programmed cards were available from dealers . the harmonic synthesizer contained two additive waveform generators that were each capable of 16 harmonics , and the mix was completely controllable via banks of sliders on the panel . unfortunately , the machines were so different from contemporary products that performers couldn ' t figure out what to do with them , and rmi ' s marketing was minimal , so few were sold . jean - michel jarre used a kc i extensively on his early albums .
rmi ceased operations in 1982 as its piano and combo organ products were supplanted by the more advanced polyphonic synths that appeared in the late ' 70s . the parent company , allen organ , is still in business and has been a pioneer in incorporating digital circuitry into large church and theater organs , based in part on work done by rmi .
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in fact , the first models produced were combo organs , including the four - octave
explorer
( using a dedicated oscillator for each key ) , the
lark
, the
band organ
( a three - octave electrical imitation of a calliope ) and the
calliope
and
calliope b
around 1968 or early 1969 . the first electric piano model was the
model 100 rock - si - chord
in 1967 . retailing for $ 4695 , it contained only 2 sounds ( string and lute ) but was later updated as the
model 100a
which contained 5 sounds ( harpsichord , cembalo , lute , guitar a , and guitar b ) . the
model 200 rock - si - chord
produced in 1968 was similar the first
model 100
, but featured an accenter option that shortened the decay of the sound . the
model 200a
however featured twice as many sounds as the
model 100a
.
combo organ - details . . . the definition of a combo organ is an electronic portable organ , usually transistorized ( although some early designs used tubes while from the late 1960s onwards many models incorporated . . . combo organs were best known for their bright , reedy , ( or , as some describe it , a
cheesy
) sound their portability surprising versatility and relatively low price tag . . . a typical combo organ has one keyboard , covering four or five octaves , though a few models had two keyboards of three or four octaves . . .
rmi electra piano - combo organs . . . in fact , the first models produced were combo organs , including the four - octave
explorer
( using a dedicated oscillator for each key ) , the
lark
, the
band organ
( a three - octave . . .
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if you ' re old enough , cast your mind back to the early ' 70s . ( if you ' re not , feel free to have a laugh while i do so . i don ' t care . you see , when it comes to vintage synthesizers , i was there the first time round . )
at that time there were two types of instrument called ' electric pianos ' , neither of which sounded remotely like pianos . the first group should more properly be called electro - mechanical pianos because , like electric guitars , they combined a physical sound generation system with some form of electrical pickup . this group included the various models of fender rhodes , the wurlitzer ep200 , and the hohner electrapiano . there were also oddities such as the hohner pianets and the clavinets , the latter more closely related to harpsichords than to pianos .
clearly , if you were an aspiring musician , or even a fabulously wealthy one playing to packed stadia , there were only a couple of choices for your electric piano . you bought either a fender rhodes or a wurlitzer ep200 . both of these incorporated real key mechanisms , real vibrating wotsits , real dynamics and real feel . simple .
so why did genesis , yes , deep purple , elton john , rick wakeman , and a host of other bands and keyboard players , choose an electronic piano with no touch sensitivity that went ' plunk ' no matter how you played it ? to find out , we need to travel back to an era when england could beat germany at football . no , not last month . . . i ' m talking about 1966 .
within a year , rmi relocated to larger premises , abandoning their warehouse in favour of a real manufacturing plant . the ' band organ ' was the first instrument to emerge from the new premises . manufactured between 1966 and 1968 , this was a three - octave electrical imitation of a calliope , and was sold in both kit and assembled versions .
next came the lark . this was a horrible little organ painted black and orange , with tiger stripes on the side . oh yes , and it used just six oscillators - - rather than 12 - - to span the octave . again , i ' ve never played one , so it ' s possible that the records of its existence are a practical joke played on us by a nutter who wanted to see how seriously we would take such a ludicrous idea . if it ' s true , the lark operated on the principle that , if you were playing a ' c ' , you would never want to play a ' c # ' simultaneously , so only one oscillator was needed for each pair of notes . this architecture may have worked in the 16th century , when you could be excommunicated if you played ' c ' and ' f # ' simultaneously ( honestly ! ) , but i think that it had outlived its usefulness by the summer of love .
it was around this time that rmi introduced the first of its more famous keyboards : the rock - si - chord , or ' rocksichord ' electric harpsichord . there were two primary versions of this , one with a single set of 8 ' oscillators ( the ' 100 ' series ) , the other with 8 ' and 4 ' oscillators ( the ' 200 ' series ) .
the original model 100 offered just two voices , string and lute , which you could select individually or as a pair . the more expensive 100a had five : harpsi , cembalo , lute , guitar a , and guitar b . moving up the range , the more powerful and slightly larger model 200 offered the same two voices as the 100 , but added an accenter , which increased the decay rate of the 4 ' oscillators , thus making the sound more percussive . then there were the 200a and the 200b .
these were altogether more powerful beasts , offering more voices : lute 8 ' , lute 4 ' , elect . guitar a 8 ' , elect . guitar a 4 ' , elect . guitar b 8 ' , elect . guitar b 4 ' , cembalo 8 ' , cembalo 4 ' , harpsi 8 ' , harpsi 4 ' , and tamboura 4 ' , plus the accenter . given that you could combine voices and mix the 8 ' and 4 ' ranks using individual volume pedals , these provided a huge range of percussive instrument sounds .
the rmi calliopes were developed around 1968 or early 1969 . the first was a four - octave electronic keyboard with a built - in amplifier and speakers - - but the second was far more interesting . this too was electronic , but used no fewer than 19 speakers directed through metal pipes tuned to the appropriate pitches to offer
the authentic feel of a real calliope .
i wonder how it really sounded ?
there are differing accounts of the first appearance of the electra - piano . most date its introduction to 1967 , although i have seen reports suggesting that it was the replacement for the rocksichord 200b , which rmi discontinued in late 1968 .
the characteristics of each voice were defined by different filter and envelope settings . also , in addition to the voices themselves , there were two extra effects : the ' accenter ' and ' organ mode ' . this accenter was a strange affair which , when selected , produced a dull transient that sounded like nothing so much as a bongo at the beginni
ng of each note . there was a high bong on and above middle c , and a lower bong below it . but perhaps the most interesting innovation found on the 300a was its organ mode . this , instead of emulating the articulation characteristics of an electric organ ( instant attack , constant sustain , and instant release ) offered what was , at the time , a unique mode of articulation . pressing a note caused the selected voices to speak immediately . then , unlike conventional organs , the sound entered a long decay curve . if the key was released , the note was also released , unless you depressed the sustain pedal , in which case the electra - piano entered its piano - style release .
the 300a was soon replaced by the 300b , which further refined what was rapidly becoming the classic rmi sound . physically almost indistinguishable from its predecessor ( the vinyl covering changed from two - tone to black all over ) it was actually a huge improvement . firstly , rmi had extended the decay of the organ mode , and this was later to become the defining characteristic of the electra - pianos . secondly , they had improved the filters and envelope generators that defined the piano voice .
of course , by modern standards , the voices only just fell into their named categories . the piano was subdued , and sounded more like steel drums . likewise , the lute sounded nothing like a lute , though it was warm and mellow , and an excellent voice in its own right . perhaps the voice that bore the closest relationship to its name was the harpsichord , which was appropriately bright and jangly . however , given that you could select any of the voices simultaneously , a large number of subtle variations were available .
i asked tony why he stopped using the rmi .
the yamaha cp70 totally superseded the rmi ' s piano modes . for the first time i could take a grand piano on stage and get the sound i wanted . for a while i still used the rmi organ mode , but the launch of the polymoog synthesizer made even that redundant .
at the time , tony concluded the interview with the statement
i ' ve still got the 368 in a cupboard somewhere , so its day may yet come again .
however , i understand that genesis have recently sold the majority of their old equipment , so it ' s now unlikely that that day will ever come . shame .
the 368 utilised the same sound - generation circuitry as the 300b , but offered 68 notes , extending the bass end of the keyboard by more than half an octave . it also featured a bass boost control , which proved to be extremely useful for thickening and thinning voices during performance . there was a volume fader on the panel , too , something that had been missing from previous models . these may sound like subtle improvements , but for some reason they made the 368 one of the most playable , articulate keyboards ever built .
don ' t take my word for it : the roll of honour for the 300 and 368 is a veritable ' who ' s who ? ' of the upper echelons of the 1970s rock and pop business . i ' ve already mentioned some of the bands and keyboard players who used
them , and to these you can add the edgar winter band , steve hackett , man , blood sweat & tears , ray manzarek , and even sly & the family stone . but simply to list some of the more famous users tells you nothing about how important the rmis were - - particularly for those players involved in progressive rock .
between 1972 and 1974 , prog - rock was the dominant musical form for serious rock musicians . whether the venue was a tiny student - union hall or a heaving rock festival attended by 30 , 000 mud - soaked hippies , prog was the hip - hop , trip - hop , dance and trance of its day , all rolled into one . and up there , on stage , you were almost as likely to find an electra - piano as you were to find a hammond , a mellotron , or even a minimoog . as a result , a remarkable amount of the 1970s art - rock and pop scene depended to some extent upon rmi .
after my epiphany at the genesis gig , it took me many years to find an rmi for sale . i can ' t even remember how i found out that rupert greenall , keyboard player with the fixx , was selling his . nevertheless , i clearly recall driving to north london in a rusting pile of junk to buy it from him for £150 - - a small fortune for me in those days .
i was very fortunate to find my rmi in 1982 . in 2001 it would be almost a miracle if you found one for sale in the uk . the 368 is one of those keyboards that , once possessed , is rarely released . fortunately , electra - piano samples can be extremely convincing . all the voices loop well in both piano and organ modes and , because there are no onboard effects , you can play the pure samples through appropriate effects to give a sound almost indistinguishable from the real thing .
fortunately , greenall had just bought a ppg which , in 1982 , was a truly wondrous thing . consequently , he had told all his old keyboards to pack their bags and go . his loss , my gain .
having driven the rmi back to the old coach house that i shared with the rest of the band , i set it up in our rehearsal room , only to find that it was tuned inconsistently , and about half a semitone flat . fortunately , tuning the oscillators was not difficult - - simply a matter of adjusting 68 trimmers on the main board !
it didn ' t occur to me at the time , but i later realised that the hour spent with a screwdriver would also have allowed me to create many alternative tuning temperaments . since all other electronic keyboards from the late ' 60s and early ' 70s used the octave - dividing technology most commonly found in electric organs , this almost certainly made the rock - si - chords and electrapianos the first freely tunable , polyphonic , electronic keyboards .
the next model in the electrapiano dynasty was the 468 , another domestic model , this time based on the 368 . then , in 1974 , rmi replaced the 368 with the 368x . ostensibly the same instrument , you can recognise this by its hard plastic case . but if the change to the 368x was nothing to get excited about , its excruciatingly rare sibling , the 368d , was . this unit was also referred to as the 68d ( i have no idea which name is accurate ) , and i suspect that the ' d ' referred to ' dynamics ' . this is because the 368d was the only velocity - sensitive model in the series . if you have one , i want it !
now it ' s time for a short quiz . what was the world ' s first commercial digital synthesizer ? the dx7 ? wrong by almost a decade . how about the synclavier , or the original fairlight cmi ? still years away from the truth - - which is that this particular honour goes to rmi . . .
not impressed ? then consider this . in 1974 ( ie . the same year ) , yamaha released the world ' s first programmable analogue polysynth . called the gx1 , this instrument had a keyboard console that alone weighed more than 300kg , each of its manuals offered eight - note polyphony , and it cost approximately £40 , 000 . now let ' s return to the keyboard computer , a 12 - note polyphonic digital polysynth with splits , layering , real - time parameter control , and rudimentary memories . you should be impressed .
the second and final model of keyboard computer was the kcii . many commentators have reported that this arrived in 1977 , but sources within the allen organ company state that the year was in fact 1975 . the kcii was very similar to the kci , but resided inside the plastic case of the contemporary 368x electrapiano . in many ways , the kcii was an improvement over the kci , and it had a much better range of preset sounds . however , it sported a garish arrangement of oversized white , green , red and black rocker switches which rather compromised its looks .
strangely , rmi didn ' t seem to know what to do with the kcii . the advertising of the day told you that it was not a piano , not an organ , and not a synthesizer , but failed to tell you what it actually was ! given that , two
years before the arrival of affordable five - and eight - voice analogue polysynths , it was a 12 - voice digital polysynth , this demonstrated amazing incompetence .
with bright , sparkling presets dubbed piano , bell , clav , guitar and harpsichord , the kcii ' s electrapiano and rock - si - chord heritage was clear . nevertheless , it was not limited to percussive sounds , and there were excellent strings , horn and flute presets , plus a handful of superb organs . alternatively , if you wanted to head off into uncharted sonic waters , you could load a selection of the factory voices provided on punch cards , layering these on top of the built - in presets . oh yes , and you could control envelopes , pitch , chorus and vibrato , all in real time , using the huge pedalboard that sat beneath the instrument itself .
seven years before the arrival of the ppg , and eight years before the first dx7 , the kcii was generating the digital sounds that would define the 1980s . consequently , it was much loved by the handful of keyboard luminaries who
just as the 200 - series rock - si - chords were double - voiced versions of the basic 100 - series , the electra - pianos had big brothers with dual 8 ' and 4 ' oscillator banks . these had individual voicing circuits , and even offered individual outputs - - with independent volume controls - - for the two banks .
the first of these was the 600a electra - piano and rock - si - chord , a five - octave instrument with piano , harpsi , lute , electric guitar a and b , and block voices , each in 8 ' and 4 ' variations . additional controls included the organ mode ( independent for each footage ) plus the accenter , and a detune for the 4 ' rank .
in 1971 , the 600a was replaced by the 600b , offering individual sustain pedals for the two footages , and improved voicing . next came the 668 , with the 368 ' s additional keys and bass boost . in 1974 , the 668x appeared , sporting the 368x ' s new plastic case .
knew what to do with it . the most famous of these was jean - michel jarre , but the kcii i knew best was the one played by robert john godfrey of the enid , who used it to replace the cathedral organ sounds previously generated by a logan string melody 2 . unfortunately , rmi ' s poor marketing ensured that the world knew little of the keyboard computers , and the few people who encountered them seemed not to know what to do with them . it was therefore inevitable that they would be commercial failures , and so they proved to be .