lloyd international airways ltd was a private , british independent airline formed in 1961 to operate worldwide charter flights .

it commenced operations with a single douglas dc-4 piston airliner from cambridge marshall airport .

lloyd international concentrated on passenger and cargo charters with four-engined , long-range aircraft .

it also had links in hong kong since its inception and flew to the far east regularly .

during the mid-1960s , the airline began re-equipping its fleet with bristol britannia and canadair cl-44 turboprops , all of which featured large cargo doors and palletised freight systems .

long-range boeing 707 jets joined the lloyd international fleet during the early 1970s for use on affinity group passenger and freight charters to north america and the far east .

lloyd international ceased operations in june 1972 .

lloyd international airways

angkasa civil transport , air spain british air services . . . britannia airways caledonian airways . . . cubana donaldson international lloyd international monarch airlines . . .
international iberia • swissair • olympic airways trans european airways garuda indonesian airways malaysian airline system • laker airways above , left to right sabena martinair trans . . .
international iberia swissair olympic airways trans european airways • garuda indonesian airways malaysian airline system • laker airways sabena martinair • trans - australia airlines , a . . .
a douglas c – 54a – 1 – dc , operated by lloyd international airways was destroyed by fire while refueling .
international indian airlines • olympic airways iran air alitalia iberia swissair egyptair trans european airways sabena airafrique malaysian airline system laker airways above , left . . .
international • indian airlines olympic airways iran air alitalia iberia swissair uropean airways sabena - air afrique •malaysian airline system laker airways above , left to right : trans . . .
, caledonian airways , laker airways , lloyd international , loftleidir , tradewinds and sam . and , when ' s its all over , there is dancing until midnight inside a hangar to ken mac . . .
sudwestflug > germanair + bavaria flug = > bavaria - germanair > > hapag - lloyd > hapagfly + hapag - lloyd express . = > tuifly
in 2010 georgian airways became a member of the iata ( international air transport association ) ( urltoken ) .
re pensions of lloyd int it is now in the hands of friends life in bristol .
air travel has become a very easy and convenient mode to commute to places now - a - days . with international air travel , the world has definitely become a smaller place . there are various international airlines which connect one place to the other . some of the major airlines that cover various sectors include british airways , air france , cathay pacific airways , gulf air , us airways , american airways , air india , kingfisher airlines , qatar airways , continental airways , singapore airlines , malaysia airlines , thai airways , lufthansa airways and jet airways . some smaller and low cost international airlines that fly select sectors include aerofloat , klm airlines , united airlines , etihad airways , air arabia , air india express , delta airways and alaska airways . these international airlines are mostly national carriers and one of the biggest airlines in the world . the fleet comprises of boeings as well as airbuses and some of them even have cargo options as well . international airfares vary with the airline class of travel and the sectors travel . these international airlines offers world class in - cabin services right from in - flight catering to in - flight entertainment to web check - in ! so next time you are on board an international travel , make sure to select your international airlines carefully so as to enjoy maximum benefits and services at best value international airfares .
nb ex lloyd international wfu stansted 19 . 06 . 72 ias 10 . 07 . 73 ( in svc ? ) wfu biggin hill kent 8 . 75 brup 70s ,
own p reiber 01 . 12 . 70 lloyd bt 28 . 01 . 71 el al ntu ,
britannia airways ( germany ) was established by britannia airways , it began holiday charter flights out of germany on 03nov1997 . ceased operations in mar2001
thanks to a brand new partnership with the white company , passengers in british airways ' club world can enjoy the best in - flight sleep , ever , writes peter lloyd .
international ( thai international ) [ tgi 89 vibhavadi rangsit road , bangkok 910900 , thailand tel : + 66 ( 2 ) 513 0121 ; fax : + 66 ( 2 ) 513 0183 services : international , regional and domestic . . .
international ( thai international ) [ tg ] 89 vibhavadi rangsit road , bangkok 910900 , thailand te / . + 66 ( 2 ) 513 0121 fir + 66 ( 2 ) 513 0183 service type international , regional , domestic pas . . .
in august 2004 , the company changed its name from airzena to georgian airways .
since that time , georgian airways has continued to develop and modernize its fleet .
uzbekistan airways , headquartered at tashkent is the national airline of . . . more
a britannia airways airbus a320 in a rare eurowhite livery seen in may 1998 .
british airways owner international airlines group overcame the extreme weather and terrorist attacks , with its pre - tax third quarter profits soaring 22 . 5 % to £1 . 2bn
the 737 - 300 encountered severe turbulence during descent for landing at mccarran international airport .
augsburg airways was founded 1980 as interot a . s . & operations started 30jun1981 . renamed to interot airways . renamed to current name on 01jan1996 & ceased operations on 26oct2013
south african airways ( saa ) has been operating with the same name since 1934 .
south african airways is the national carrier , and the largest airline . . . more
british airways announces £4 . 5bn revamp amid growing criticism over its budget - style service
britannia airways boeing 757 - 200 lands at bristol airport , england . ( 2004 )
hapag - lloyd was established in jul1972 & the first flight was on 30mar1973 . renamed to hapagfly in nov2005 in jan2007 , it was merged into tuifly with hapag - lloyd express - [ tui fly deutschland was launced as sudwestflug in 1965 . tuifly was renamed from merger of hapagfly and hapag - lloyd express after the tui takeover . this in turn had been rebranded from hapag - lloyd , which had merged with bavaria - germanair in 1979 and retained name . yet again rebranded , this time as tui fly deutschland in 2015 ]
the thai air force has strengthened its control of top management within thai airways international , following an airline re - shuffle of its executive and senior vice - president positi . . .
augsburg airways was founded in 1980 as interot a . s . & operations started on 30jun1981 . renamed to interot airways . renamed to current name on 01jan1996 & ceased operations on 26oct2013
three british airways cabin crew have reportedly lost their jobs following a raucous stopover in nairobi .
a britannia airways boeing 737 - 200 landing at zürich airport , switzerland . ( 1985 )
international 2 europe total 13 air atlanta icelandic 3 air atlanta icelandic ( f ) 1 air france ( combi ) 2 air pullmantur 1 corsair international 6 north / south america total 5 atlas . . .
in 1965 britannia became part of thomson , itself part of the canadian - owned international thomson organisation .
aircraft made an emergency landing at st . petersburg - clearwater international airport due to an unspecified technical problem
two main gear tires burst on landing at lokopriyo gopinath bordoloi international airport following a bird strike emergency .
kenya airways , flag carrier of kenya , pledges to provide world - class . . . more
. . . inister samak sun - daravej has dropped plans to merge thai international and domestic airline thai airways , but has urged both carriers to pool their re sources as a way of improving services .
today , delta , united , american and allegiant serve hector international airport with nonstop service to 10 cities .
directory : world airlines
. flight international : p . 58 . 2007 - 04 - 10 .
international inherited five 737 - 200s from the domestic carrier thai airways corporation ( tac ) when they were merged in april 1988 ( the government had a 99 . 9 % holding in the domestic . . .
you might look into the history of hawaiian airlines established january 30 , 1929 , as interisland airways .
bangkok airways co . , ltd . is a regional airline based in bangkok , . . . more
britannia airways was featured in the first series of the itv fly on the wall docusoap airline show .
two us airways aircraft clipped wings while waiting to take off . that incident involved an a319 headed for new york’s laguardia airport and a us airways express regional jet on its way to rochester , new york
hapag - lloyd flug ( between 2005 and 2007 also marketed as hapagfly ) was an airline based in langenhagen , lower saxony , germany . [ 2 ] it operated scheduled and charter passenger flights , mainly to holiday resorts in europe . in january 2007 in a restructuring , it combined its operations with hapag - lloyd express to become tuifly , [ 3 ] for which it operated all flights , while hapag - lloyd express marketed them until tuifly got its own license .
piarco international airport ( pos / ttpp ) , trinidad and tobago to miami . passengers bussed back to terminal .
britannia hb - itc waits outside the atel hangar in october 1966 before her delivery to african safari airways .
wants capital bangkok ~ thai airways international is seeking to increase its regis tered capital by 219 per cent , from , 1 , 400 million baht ( £39 million ) to 3 , 000 million baht ( £8 . . .
if i remember correctly , im sure the instructor i used to fly with when i lived in cornwall started his career with lloyd . his name is laurie harris .
co ltd—tac was formed on november 1 , 1951 , by the merger of siamese airways co ltd and pacific overseas airlines ( siam ) ltd . the government holds almost the entire stock . thai airways o . . .
tui fly deutschland was launced as sudwestflug in 1965 . tuifly was renamed from merger of hapagfly and hapag - lloyd express after the tui takeover . this in turn had been rebranded from hapag - lloyd , which had merged with bavaria - germanair in 1979 and retained name . yet again rebranded , this time as tui fly deutschland in 2015
registration details for g - aovp ( international aviation services ( u . k . ) ltd ) bristol britannia - 312f
the major international car rental companies have offices in most andalucian cities and at the major airports such as malaga airport .
international airport of galeão to washington ( dulles ) . a number of passengers rebelled and decided to take alternative flights .
bound for the international airport guarulhos of sao paulo ( brazil ) . passengers boarded ph - bqf and deptd at 1400l
all nippon airways co . , ltd . also known as zennikkū or ana is a leading . . . more
david and kat woodruffe , from horsham , west sussex , operated around a dozen flights together for british airways .
ltd was formed on novem ber 1 , 1951 , by the merger of siamese airways and pacific overseas airlines ( siam ) . the government holds 99 - 9 % of the stock . thai airways operates domestic servi . . .
in 2000 thomson travel group and britannia airways were acquired by preussag ag ( tui group ) of germany . as part of a wider reorganisation of tui ' s uk operations in september 2004 it was announced that britannia would be rebranded as thomsonfly . this airline ' s aircraft carried the thomson colours and logo , and thomsonfly became the trading name of britannia airways . on 1 november 2005 the company ' s legal name was changed from britannia airways limited to thomsonfly limited . thomsonfly later merged with first choice airways and was renamed thomson airways , retaining the previous logo and colours .
insurance - including underwriting , brokerage and reinsurance . as counsel instructed in a variety of insurance disputes including the lloyd’s litigation representing wellington names , poland managing agents , and outhwaite syndicate
a british airways flight from london gatwick to edinburgh airport has landed safely following reports of a mid - air emergency .
the rich history of hector international airport dates back to the pioneer days of 1927 , when martin hector leased the quarter of land that would become home to today’s “hector international airport . ” let’s look at the history of hector through three time periods :
over the course of its life , hapag - lloyd flug operated all of the following aircraft , primarily through aircraft leasing from companies such as international lease finance corporation ( ilfc ) and gecas . it is also the first operator of the most popular 737 800 next generation series that first commenced operations in 1998 .
registration details for g - aovp ( international aviation services ( u . k . ) ltd ) bristol britannia - 312f - planelogger
hapag - lloyd flug was established in july 1972 , when the hapag - lloyd shipping group bought a few boeing 727s to fly its cruise passengers from germany to the ports of call for the cruises . it began operations on 30 march 1973 . through the years , the airline added regular passenger flights to its schedule , as well as new airplanes , such as the boeing 737 - 800 and airbus a310 aircraft . since 1997 , it has been a subsidiary of tui ag , which also includes the hapag - lloyd cargo container line and cruise line .
delivered new to boac british overseas airways corporation as g - aovp in sep - 58 . it was wet leased ( short - term ) to bea british european airways in apr / may - 61 and after less than 7 years in service with boac , it was sold to lloyd international airways in may - 65 . it was converted to freight configuration with a main - deck cargo door in dec - 67 , becoming a britannia 312 ( f ) . it was withdrawn from service and stored at stansted , essex , uk , in jun - 72 . it was sold to international aviation services ( uk ) ltd ( ias cargo ) in jul - 73 and operated until jul - 75 when it was retired at biggin hill , kent , uk . it was broken up there in jun - 77 .
since 2008 , georgian airways has successfully passed all iosa audits with the most recent certification being valid until march 2019 . urltoken
british airways owner eyes takeover of budget carrier norwegian , which offers no - frills flights to the u . s for £120
nil further at this time - [ tui fly deutschland was launced as sudwestflug in 1965 . tuifly was renamed from merger of hapagfly and hapag - lloyd express after the tui takeover . this in turn had been rebranded from hapag - lloyd , which had merged with bavaria - germanair in 1979 and retained name . yet again rebranded , this time as tui fly deutschland in 2015 ]
world airline directory .
flight international . 28 march - 3 april 2000 . 60 .
retrieved on 26 june 2010 .
in the first half of 2000 the air company ' s management made a decision to modernize the fleet , and leased two boeing737 - 500 aircraft from the german company , hapag - lloyd .
hapag - lloyd express was formed in 2002 as a low cost carrier formed by german tour operator tui and germania to serve european and domestic routes as from late 2002 . in jan2007 , it was merged into tuifly with hapagfly - [ tui fly deutschland was launced as sudwestflug in 1965 . tuifly was renamed from merger of hapagfly and hapag - lloyd express after the tui takeover . this in turn had been rebranded from hapag - lloyd , which had merged with bavaria - germanair in 1979 and retained name . yet again rebranded , this time as tui fly deutschland in 2015 ]
today , georgian airways is fully privatized , with a fleet of modern medium - haul boeing737 , embraer , and crj aircraft .
ltu sud was known as lts ( lufttransport sud ) until 1988 . the airline was founded by ltu international airways in 1984 and merged into the parent airline in 1997 - [ airberlin was formed as a us charter company in portland , oregon & started operations on 28apr1979 as air berlin . established as a german carrier on 16apr1991 . acquired dba in 2008 and ltu international in 2009 . last flight was on 27oct2017 ]
2014 was the busiest year for total passengers for the airport . almost 900 , 000 total passengers either enplaned or deplaned at hector international airport .
hamburg international shuts down all operations and files for bankruptcy protection on 19oct2010 . strangely enough it was named as the offical carrier of kosovo in 2003
british airways owner iag ' s profits soar 22 . 5 % on back of lower fuel costs despite £58million payout over may bank holiday chaos
in november 2005 , the airline changed its name to hapagfly due to the new marketing strategy of the tui group . in january 2007 , it was merged into the new cooperation tuifly with hapag - lloyd express .
ups plane preparing to take off at piedmont triad international airport greensboro , thursday evening , ran off the runway into the mud ( at night ) .
lloyd international was i believe owned by ortiz petino ( something like that ) a bolivian tin multi millionaire . viv howard rings a bell . was he lloyds or donaldson ? i seem to remember there was a lot of ill feeling among some of the donaldson britannia crews as tag directly employed 707 qualified pilots rather than train his own from the britannia fleet . : (
very soon the losses became excessive , so in 2003 the government restructured the olympic airways group of companies . the subsidiary , macedonian airlines s . a . , was renamed olympic airlines s . a . and took over the flight operations of olympic airways , erasing at the same time all of the airline ' s debts . the remaining group companies , except for olympic aviation ( olympic airways , olympic into - plane company , olympic fuel company , olympic airways handling and the olympic airways technical base ) , merged and formed a new company , called olympic airways - services s . a . . in december 2004 , the greek government decided to privatize olympic airlines , but the sale process ended in failure as none of the buyers were eager to repay the greek state the almost 700 million euro in state aid declared illegal by the european commission in december 2005 .
the cessna , owned by bajaj holdings , and piloted by a private pilot , was destroyed when it impacted terrain after departing lloyd stearman field airport ( 1k1 ) , benton , ks . a post impact fire ensued .
ryan hawaii , who was traveling from iceland to england , was arrested at the iceland keflavík international airport for wearing an excessive amount of clothes on wednesday .
bangkok , march 6 ( reuters ) - thai airways international pcl will sell some of its 15 . 5 billion baht ( $ 481 million ) of non - core assets to cover any losses this year from one - off hits for cutting its fleet and workforce , the company’s president said on friday .
lufthansa was established in 1926 , following a merger between deutsche aero lloyd ( dal ) and junkers luftverkehr . it operated its first flight in that same year with a fokker f - 11 , taking off from berlin - tempelhof for zurich . in 1953 , aktiengesellschaft für luftverkehrsbedarf ( luftag ) acquired the deutsche lufthansa brand name and thereafter operated under that name . lufthansa is a superpower in the airline industry , with 117 , 000 employees and numerous subsidiaries including air dolomiti , swiss international airlines , eurowings , augsburg airways and contact air .
at the time of rebranding , britannia was the largest charter airline in the united kingdom , its position of market dominance being owed to the growth of thomson holidays . initially its main competitor was british airtours . the 1980s saw the growth of monarch airlines as a credible competitor . in the 1990s air 2000 , airtours international airways , first choice airways and flying colours airlines grew as competitors . its main competitor at the time of rebranding was thomas cook airlines .
the board of norwegian airlines ( nas ) unanimously rejected the ' conditional proposals ' from international airlines group saying that it ' undervalued nas and its prospects ' .
aircraft slid sideways off the snow covered runway 03 end on landing at spokane international ( geiger field ) , taking out some lights . flights resumed shortly after 5pm
headed to vancouver when an oil filter warning light lit up . the pilot shut down one of the engines and made an emergency landing at sacramento international airport .
after contact with the water , the airplane nosed over and the occupants exited and were rescued by a sailboat . substantial damage . flight originated about 1230 , from las americas international airport ( mdsd ) , santo domingo , dominican republic , and was en route to palm beach international airport , west palm beach , florida .
passengers will soon be boarding british airways planes according to how much they paid for their flights as the firm follows examples set by iberia and american airlines .
the cessna 414a , n41lp , owned by bajaj holdings , and piloted by a private pilot , was destroyed when it impacted terrain after departing lloyd stearman field airport ( 1k1 ) , benton , ks . a post impact fire ensued .
european air express was founded in 1999 & took over filder air services in 2000 . ceased operations on 30sep2007 ( regional services around germany and branched into international routes )
in an apparent rebuke to the chancellor yesterday , international airlines group chief executive willie walsh said ba will continue to fly after britain quits the eu in march 2019 .
for the second time in a week , an alaska airlines jet had to make an emergency landing at ketchikan international . flight 64 made an emergency landing saturday night .
no further information at this time - [ lufttransport - union was founded on 20feb1955 & started operations on 15mar1955 . renamed to ltu international airways & commenced operations on 02mar1956 . ltu sud merged in in 1997 . merged into airberlin in 2009 ] - [ airberlin was formed as a us charter company in portland , oregon & started operations on 28apr1979 as air berlin . established as a german carrier on 16apr1991 . acquired dba in 2008 and ltu international in 2009 . last flight was on 27oct2017 ]
hamburg airways was founded in dec2010 and started operations in mar2011 . its last flight was operated from moscow to hanover before it ' s aoc was suspended on 19dec2014
thai airways may go to the equity market to raise fresh funds after turning two quarters of profits but would not recapitalise until restructuring was complete , he said .
following the reunification of germany , tempelhof airways found itself not being able to compete with other german carriers and at the end of october 1990 all flights ceased .
british airways has announced it is axing reclining seats on all short - haul flights by the end of the year as part of a move to slash costs .
in a bizarre video clip filmed at amsterdam schiphol airport , a british airways ground crew member was filmed jumping up and down while two laughing colleagues watched on .
a senior judge who complained about lost luggage 33 times during a case involving british airways has quit , meaning he will retire before his disciplinary hearing can start .
announced that the entire olympic airways group debts amounted to 2 billion euro , and that the airline in its present form and size would cease existing in 2008 .
history was made yesterday afternoon when the first african - owned airbus a350 touched down at harare international airport , in a clear testimony of the aviation industry’s confidence in zimbabwe .
plane was forced to make an emergency landing on the international airport of nassau ( the bahamas ) following technical problems in the landing gear at the start of final approach .
great airline lloyd international . i was with them for 2 years till their demise . they went broke on 16th june 1972 and were due to start flying el al pax services from lhr and paris on 17th june . 2 707 ' s . co - incidence ? the rumour was that hsbc pulled the plug as some of their arabic clients were non too pleased that they were financing lloyds . all ' allegedly '
devastated holidaymakers have been left furious after british airways have cancelled their tickets because they were ' too cheap ' . the airline said the low prices were a mistake .
flag - carrier airline british airways is investing £4 . 5 billion to turn itself around amid growing criticism it is offering a budget airline experience despite higher ticket prices .
british airways lines up 72 new planes as part of £4 . 5bn revamp : firm also says it will invest in providing better service to set it apart from rivals
ringleader joysen jhurry , 41 , ( pictured ) moved drug - laden suitcases flown in from brazil from the international arrivals carousel to the domestic arrivals hall to avoid security checks .
paris cdg to dulles international . the airplane was surrounded by emergency crews shortly thereafter and firemen put out a fire in the tires . the passengers transferred to the airport terminal .
armed police were called in to act as ' escorts ' as the first serious snowfall of the winter left 50 , 000 angry british airways passengers stranded around the world .
the 45 - year - old was all smiles as she rocked up to a british airways event in her trademark androgynous attire at the british museum in london on thursday .
altimeter setting in doubt at ljubljana - jugoslav report criticises crew and airline
flight international 12 september 1968 , p . 397 ( pdf file ) , continued , p . 398
flight left greenville - spartanburg international airport about 6 : 30 a . m . , but turned around shortly after takeoff and made an emergency landing after a smoke detector went off .
the cessna 210l registered to and operated by flight express , inc . , as flight 805 , experienced collapse of the right main landing gear at tampa international airport ( ktpa ) .
first officer julian monaghan , 49 , of harmondsworth , west london , was drunk as his packed british airways holiday jet to mauritius taxied for take - off at gatwick airport .
a collection of 200 adverts form a new book called british airways : 100 years of aviation posters and provide a historical timeline of the carrier . here we present our favourites .
lisa harris and hayley angell , who were made to live 10 , 000 miles apart in the uk and australia following a family tragedy , have been reunited by british airways .
prepares to expand bangkok thai airways is to reorganise its administrative structure to make it more efficient and to cope with expansion , accord ing to managing director air ma . . .
international airlines group ( iag ) announced that a new austrian subsidiary named level - the same as its low - cost long - haul brand - will launch in less than three weeks .
fire ripped through the engine of the boeing 777 en route to london after it aborted take - off at mccarran international in 2015 . it was captained by chris henkey , from berkshire .
the actress , 30 , slipped her incredibly toned figure into an off - the shoulder black bodycon dress at the british airways golf day and ball gala in london on friday night .
lufthansa was founded on 06jan1926 in berlin , following a merger between deutsche aero lloyd ( formed on 06feb1923 ) & junkers luftverkehr ( formed on 13aug1923 ) [ lufthansa was originally founded in berlin in 1926 as a consolidated german airline by the merger of deutscher aero - lloyd and junkers luftverkehr . acquired austrian airlines as a result of the german annexation of austria in 1939 . went into liquidation as a result of wwii in 1945 . in1953 , luftag was founded in colgne and renamed to lufthansa in 1954 . this new german airline began operations in 1955 ]
sir david steel is an international commercial arbitrator . he acts as party appointed member of tribunals , chairman and sole arbitrator in international commercial disputes of a wide - ranging subject matter , including sale of goods , banking , insurance and reinsurance , joint ventures , carriage of goods , oil and gas and shipbuilding . he has been appointed in over 240 references leading to over 70 awards .
bound for minsk . some injured treated on scene at zvartnots international airport . seems to be a repeat of so many similar take - off rotation “failure to deice” crashes . crash image : urltoken
substantial damage . flight originated at west midlands international airport ( egbe ) , coventry , united kingdom , and was en route to guernsey airport – channel islands ( egjb ) , united kingdom .
despite all predictions , traffic for olympic in 2007 increased , carrying a total of 5 , 977 , 104 passengers ( 3 , 115 , 521 in domestic and 2 , 681 , 583 in international flights ) as opposed to approximately 5 , 500 , 000 passengers in 2006 . it is estimated that oa earned approximately 780 million euro in 2007 , 500 of which came from international flights .
plane carrying 53 people made an emergency landing today at hancock international airport after smoke was seen in the cockpit . syracuse police and members of the 174th fighter wing of the air national guard responded .
tempelhof airways was an airline based in west berlin during the time when it was under the jurisdiction of the western nations . it operated from 1981 until the reunification of germany in 1990 .
a british airways flight will celebrate britain ' s royal wedding on saturday by flying to toronto in canada with crew who are all named either harry or meghan to mark the special occasion .
a drunken off - duty british airways cabin crew manager , who twice groped a snoozing male passenger between the legs on a long - haul flight to bangkok , was spared jail today .
it has had a tumultuous year with one massive it breakdown and a barrage of criticism over cutting perks . but british airways is hitting back with promises of smarter planes and better food .
deutsche luft hansa was founded on 06jan1926 in berlin , following a merger between deutsche aero lloyd ( formed on 06feb1923 ) & junkers luftverkehr ( formed on 13aug1923 ) [ lufthansa was originally founded in berlin in 1926 as a consolidated german airline by the merger of deutsche aero - lloyd and junkers luftverkehr . acquired austrian airlines as a result of the german annexation of austria in 1939 . went into liquidation as a result of wwii in 1945 . in1953 , luftag was founded in colgne and renamed to lufthansa in 1954 . this new german airline began operations in 1955 ] .
lucy sargeant , 29 , from uxbridge , pictured yesterday , was forced to quit british airways following an emergency landing after an engine caught fire moments after it left heathrow airport in may 2013 .
i shared flight engineer duties on the 707 with joe standon in the 80 ' s with
west african airways
. very nice bloke , he was still flying in his 70 ' s
british airways captain claire bunton , who lives on the uk ' s south coast , kindly agreed to tell mailonline travel what it ' s like to fly the world ' s biggest passenger plane .
the engine of a british airways plane burst into flames while taking off a runway at an airport in arizona , forcing the packed aircraft to make an emergency landing due to an engine technical fault .
operates passenger charter flights between europe and east africa . fleet : two dc - 8 - 63 head office : po box 939 , manzini , swaziland . telex : 2064 . agro air international domin . . .
deutsche luft - reederei was established on 17dec1917 & started operating berlin to weimar using converted l . v . g . biplanes on mail runs on 05feb1919 . ceased operations on 06feb1923 & renamed to deutscher aero - lloyd [ lufthansa was originally founded in berlin in 1926 as a consolidated german airline by the merger of deutsche aero - lloyd and junkers luftverkehr . acquired austrian airlines as a result of the german annexation of austria in 1939 . went into liquidation as a result of wwii in 1945 . in1953 , luftag was founded in colgne and renamed to lufthansa in 1954 . this new german airline began operations in 1955 ]
with its 95 - year history , klm is the oldest international airline still flying under its original name . how many other pioneer carriers can say the same ? here’s the 10 oldest airlines in a row for you .
i have just picked up a message from a former employee of lloyd , jason king stating he had heard about his redundancy after 40 years . i was wondering if any former employees remember one of their pilots harry chang who helped me establish our dc3 dakota and dove operations out of southend in 1972 . roger collins
. . . recently it was flying with nairobi - based african inter national airways . this kenyan airline is an associate of ias , from which company it leased the britannia . before that the aircraft was with
. . . its usual support from the airline industry both in the main exhibition - hall and the static park . subject to operations , aircraft are expected at various times from bea airtours , channel airways ,
american airlines was founded in 1934 , when its predecessors aviation corporation and american airways formed a partnership . it operated its first cargo flight ( mail ) from chicago to saint louis in 1926 , with a dh - 4 biplane . american airlines is based in fort worth , texas , and has 80 , 987 employees . in 2013 , american airlines merged with us airways group and continued under the name american airlines group .
by 9 : 00 p . m . on tuesday evening , the passengers were still stranded at zhengzhou xinzheng international airport . after some foreign passengers contacted their embassies they were informed that another plane would take them to shanghai .
cessna aircraft slid about 125 feet into a field wednesday evening during an emergency landing at san bernardino international airport . pilot was flying to long beach from the san diego area when he realized he couldn’t lower the landing gear .
thai airways will cut routes throughout the year and reassign aircraft to ensure a higher percentage of seats filled on remaining routes , he said . the target for 2015 is 80 percent versus 68 . 9 in 2014 .
british airways starts a direct nine - hour service from london to nashville next week . the flights arrive around 5 . 30pm — perfect for heading downtown to one of the city ' s honky - tonk bars .
a man has taken his first flight from heathrow to dublin on board a british airways flight after suffering a debilitating brain injury that left him unable to walk . joe dowd , 47 , suffered a brain injury .
internationalltg ] ( tha ) 89 vibhavadi rangsit road , bangkok 9 , 10900 , thailand tel + 66 ( 2 ) 513 0121 fax + 66 ( 2 ) 513 0203 website urltoken services scheduled , international , region . . .
was formed cm november i , i95j , by the merger of siamese air ways and pacific overseas airlines isiami . the government holds 999 ' ' , of the * stock . thai airways operates domestic service . . .
airberlin was formed as a us charter company in portland , oregon & started operations on 28apr1979 as air berlin . established as a german carrier on 16apr1991 . acquired dba in 2008 and ltu international in 2009 . last flight was on 27oct2017
filder air service was acquired by european air express in 2000 - [ european air express was founded in 1999 & took over filder air services in 2000 . ceased operations on 30sep2007 - regional services around germany and branched into international routes ]
near collision with a turkish airliner at ben gurion international airport . event orchestrated by atc following a late go - round due to conflicting traffic . israir training flight had 4 pilots on board and received tcas alert during go - round .
aero lloyd was formed on 20dec1980 & started operations with 3 caravelle aircraft as an air charter airline . frankfurt based carrier that operated scheduled services between 1988 and 1992 before reverting to passenger charters . ceased operations in 2003 but and restarted as aero flight in 2004 . aero flight ceased operations on 31oct2005 after authorities refused to renew it ' s aoc
. . . hai airways is about to begin its long - awaited move towards the private sector . will the process loosen its domination by the nation ' s military establishment ? john bailey reports from bangkok . the . . .
on 14 september 1999 , britannia airways flight 226a , a boeing 757 - 204 , crashed on its second attempt of landing in heavy rain and poor weather conditions . of the 236 passengers and 9 crew on board , two were seriously injured and 41 sustained minor injuries . one of the passengers who had apparently sustained only minor injuries died five days later of unsuspected internal injuries . the flight was an international charter between cardiff , wales , uk and girona airport , spain .
weather at the time was foggy with light rainfall . plane is owned by pd leasing , llc , of san antonio . the plane came to waco from san antonio international airport on tuesday and was on its return flight friday when it crashed .
pictured in two postcards below is the original hector field terminal . the christmas card depicts the men and women who worked at the facility . their names ( clockwise from the upper right ) are lloyd jensen , cliff gohdes , ken diehl , celia fattore , bill harrison , bob wall , duane jennings , man johnson , john ewald and wally kuhr .
aircraft operated by suburban air freight inc . , as a cargo airplane , received minor damage during cruise , when an in - flight fire occurred , about 30 miles west of the quad city international airport ( mli ) , near moline , illinois .
the name britannia airways was adopted on 16 august 1964 to coincide with re - equipping with the bristol britannia turboprop airliner . the last britannia 102 was withdrawn from service in december 1970 , and the airline became an all - jet operator .
hector international airport completed the passenger terminal expansion / update project october 2008 . the project updated the existing terminal building , added a fifth gate and third baggage claim , and expanded the security checkpoint area . click here to see pictures of the completed project .
the lancair lc41 550 - fg , n621er , was destroyed after impacting terrain while maneuvering near the portland international airport ( pdx ) , portland , or . the pilot , who was the sole occupant and registered owner of the airplane , sustained fatal injuries .
b741 , vicinity london heathrow uk , 1997 ( on 6 december 1997 , a british airways boeing 747 - 100 , departing from london heathrow airport , had an engine bird strike just after take off , causing substantial damage and falling debris . )
charter jet flown by airline lloyd aereo boliviano took off from the bolivian capital , la paz . crash imagery at urltoken and 37c8pk plus urltoken lab flights have been suspended for nearly a year due to the airline’s debts and legal troubles . the privatized company began offering charter flights in december while it worked toward renewing its scheduled commercial operator’s license . map locale of crash : urltoken
toronto’s pearson international airport to london heathrow . co - pilot was assessed at the scene before being taken to the acute psychiatric unit at the mid - western regional hospital in ennis . passengers were accommodated in a local hotel until a new crew arrived at shannon .
the hawker beechcraft corp . 99 operated by suburban air freight , as a cargo airplane , received minor damage during cruise , when an in - flight fire occurred , about 30 miles west of the quad city international airport ( mli ) , near moline , il
iberia was established in 1927 . iberia lineas aereas de espana , operated its first flight that same year from madrid to barcelona with a rohrbach ro viii roland . iberia merged with british airways in 2011 and today employs a workforce of 18 , 000 .
. . . 28 march 1958 ( left ) east african airways ' dc - 3 operations are based at wilson airport , nairobi . the terminal building is the friendly meeting place for club , charter and police air wing staff . ( right . . .
meant olympic abolished their old
hermes
booking system , which had served the company for more than two decades . as of november 2007 , the e - ticket service is available on all european and international routes , and on 19 of the airline ' s 37 domestic routes .
bcal sub - leased this aircraft from pia - pakistan international between april 1971 and october 1973 . she started life with pia and after her lease to bcal , she returned to pia service . she was withdrawn from use in february 1999 . scrapped / broken - up at karachi airport in 2002
the md - 88 , n935dl , operating as delta air lines flight 1877 , sustained minor damage when it struck a large bird while on approach to runway 35r at austin bergstrom international airport ( aus ) , austin , tx . none of the five crew members or 135 passengers were injured .
it was february 3 , 1931 , when northwest airways began its first passenger service to fargo . a “giant” six passenger hamilton metal plane settled down on the new fargo airport to inaugurate air service from minneapolis to grand forks and then on to winnipeg . the commemorative envelope is below .
. . . ght international . 26 march ( 970 i head office : po box 1173 . johannesburg . south africa . i executives : chairman , h . n . hart : managing director , t . v . mitchell . > fleet : five dc - 4 , four dc - 3 . '
landed hard following a partial loss of engine power shortly after departure from hilo international airport . the sightseeing flight originated about 1420 from hilo . pilot reported that approx 5 minutes after takeoff , he initiated an off - airport landing due to a fuel bypass caution light and subsequent partial loss of engine power .
northwest airlines ( founded at what is now the minneapolis - st . paul international airport on september 1 , 1926 ) began scheduled weekly flights into fargo on february 1 , 1928 . this was a minneapolis to winnipeg flight with a stop in fargo . opposition from the canadian government resulted in suspended service after three months .
established in 1946 , myanmar airways international ( mai ) is the international airline of myanmar with a long government - run air travel history . effective from 2014 , mai is the 100 % complete member of kbz group , myanmar national owned private company , which is bringing mai to an optimistic and encouraging era . mai flies between yangon and singapore , kuala lumpur , bangkok , gaya , guangzhou , siem reap , phnom penh , and mandalay - gaya - mandalay . mai started its charter flight to korea and japan in march 2013 . mai is a member of the iata clearing house ( ich ) and a partner of the iata , mita system . mai is the only recipient in myanmar of the iata operational safety audit program ( iosa ) operator . the aircrafts are operated by an internationally experienced team of skilled aviation personnel . safety and comfort of passengers have always been first priority . to this date mai able to keep 100 % safety and accident free in aviation history and record book .
on september 28 , 2009 , olympic airlines ceased to fly to most of its 69 destinations , maintaining flights to tel aviv , beirut , cairo and all public service obligation routes within greece , until the ministry for transport and communications redistributes the routes in late november , when olympic airlines will enter liquidation . the last olympic airlines flight was flight 424 from toronto - canada , via montreal landed at 11 : 10 on september 29 2009 at the athens international airport . olympic air took over the rest of the operations on 29 september 2009 and its first flight was on the 1st of october 2009 at 06 : 20 leaving the athens international airport and heading to thessaloniki makedonia airport .
bcal sub - leased this aircraft from pia - pakistan international between march - october 1972 . she started life with pia and after her brief lease to bcal , she returned to pia service . she suffered an uncontrolled inflight cabin fire , possibly from a leaking haj stove , aircraft overcome and crashed while returning to jeddah . all 156 onboard lost .
when the plane came into land at christchurch international airport , the woman allegedly started moving the aircraft controls . the pilots made a turn and the hijacker lost balance . after landing at christchurch the captain then confronted the woman and wrestled her to the floor . the co - pilot helped the captain to disarm the woman , who was then arrested by police .
a332 , sydney australia 2009 ( on 4 july 2009 , an airbus a332 being operated by jetstar airways on a scheduled passenger flight from sydney to melbourne carried a 750 kg uld which had been expressly rejected by the aircraft commander during the loading operation without flight crew awareness . there was no reported effect on aircraft handling during the flight . )
a346 , en - route , amsterdam netherlands , 2005 ( on 8 february 2005 , a virgin atlantic airways a340 - 600 experienced in - flight fuel management problem which led to loss of power of no 1 engine and temporary power loss of no 4 . the captain decided to divert to amsterdam where the aircraft landed safely on three engines . )
the present terminal was built in 1986 . with its construction , the terminal facility moved from the southeast corner of the airport grounds to the west central area . in 1982 , hector field became hector international airport and u . s . customs opened an office on the field in 1985 . in 2013 they moved into their new facility on the north general aviation ramp .
deutsche luft hansa was founded on 06jan1926 in berlin . the last scheduled flight , - from berlin to munich took place on 21apr1945 - [ lufthansa was originally founded in berlin in 1926 as a consolidated german airline by the merger of deutsche aero - lloyd and junkers luftverkehr . acquired austrian airlines as a result of the german annexation of austria in 1939 . went into liquidation as a result of wwii in 1945 . in1953 , luftag was founded in colgne and renamed to lufthansa in 1954 . this new german airline began operations in 1955 ]
lufthansa was recreated on 06jan1953 as aktiengesellschaft für luftverkehrsbedarf ( luftag ) and was renamed deutsche lufthansa aktiengesellschaft on 06aug1954 . first flight was on 01apr1955 [ lufthansa was originally founded in berlin in 1926 as a consolidated german airline by the merger of deutsche aero - lloyd and junkers luftverkehr . acquired austrian airlines as a result of the german annexation of austria in 1939 . went into liquidation as a result of wwii in 1945 . in1953 , luftag was founded in colgne and renamed to lufthansa in 1954 . this new german airline began operations in 1955 ]
in 1984 , three more b747 - 200 aircraft were purchased from singapore airlines , and the canada and australia routes were reopened . a new olympic airways cargo division was created , by converting the boeing 707 - 320
city of lindos
, but the plans were soon abandoned . in 1986 , there were strikes at oa , and financial losses mounted .
a306 , vicinity jfk new york usa , 2001 ( on november 12 , 2001 , an airbus industries a300 - 600 operated by american airlines crashed into a residential area of belle harbour , new york , after take - off from john f . kennedy international airport , new york . shortly after take off , the aircraft encountered mild wake turbulence from a departing boeing 747 - 400 . )
cirrus airlines was a saarbrucken based operator formed in feb1995 . regional services as a team lufthansa member . in august 1999 , cirrus airlines took over cosmos air , it´s dornier 328 and route between mannheim and berlin tempelhof . took over baden air in 2000 . in 2004 cirrus airlines took over augsburg airways but it retained its brand . on 20jan2012 , suspended operations due to financial reasons
excellent air international was founded in 1969 as grenzland air service and was based there for 38 years at the airfield stadtlohn - vreden . in 2000 , the company was renamed excellent air . in the spring of 2006 , excellent air opened a new maintenance hall at the airport münster / osnabrück , in the summer of 2007 then took place the move there . bankruptcy was applied for at the beginning of sep2007
a310 , vienna austria , 2000 ( on 12 july 2000 , a hapag lloyd airbus a310 was unable to retract the landing gear normally after take off from chania for hannover . the flight was continued towards the intended destination but the selection of an en route diversion due to higher fuel burn was misjudged and useable fuel was completely exhausted just prior to an intended landing at vienna . the aeroplane sustained significant damage as it touched down unpowered inside the aerodrome perimeter but there were no injuries to the occupants and only minor injuries to a small number of them during the subsequent emergency evacuation . )


fair trade coffee is coffee that is certified as having been produced to fair trade standards .

fair trade organizations create trading partnerships that are based on dialogue , transparency and respect , that seeks greater equity in international trade .

these partnerships contribute to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to coffee bean farmers .

fair trade organizations are engaged actively in supporting producers and sustainable environmental farming practices .

fair trade practices prohibit child or forced labor .

fair trade coffee

some of our usda certified organic coffees are also fair trade certified . the fair trade coffees are designated by the fair trade usa logo .
in the first decades , fair trade products were sold mainly by fair trade organisations that had fair trade as the central ethos guiding their activities . in the seventies and eighties , fair trade products were sold to consumers mainly in world shops or fair trade shops .
every purchase supports something . fair trade exists so we can support what’s fair .
generically , “fair trade” is primarily concerned with alleviating poverty through greater equity in international trade ; many products besides coffee can be certified as “fair trade . ” the main fair trade organization and standards - setter is
green mountain coffee roasters , which calls itself the largest buyer of fair trade coffee in the world , said that it would continue to work with fair trade usa as it sought to increase the amount of fair trade coffee it used .
there are other labels , of course : fair trade ; organic ; direct trade .
what does fair trade certified mean ? could serving fair trade coffee in your business be beneficial ? learn the definition and some of the pros and cons .
choosing fairtrade coffee means helping coffee farmers around the world to get a fair deal .
now that you have an overall understanding of what the fair trade movement and fair trade certification are , let’s explore what this means if you are a business owner considering buying and serving fair trade certified coffee , or finding ethically sourced coffee in general .
roasting 100 % fair trade organic coffee since 2003 . in addition to freshly roasted certified coffees , we offer a coffee of the month club , coffee gifts , wholesale coffee and a coffee fundraiser .
fair trade the term is used to ' refer to the fair trade movement as a whole ' and to ' describe both labelled and unlabelled goods , the work of alternative trade organizations ( atos ) , fair trade federations and networks ' .
wal - mart and whole foods also sell fair trade coffee and use fair trade ingredients in store - brand products ; both companies said they were evaluating the situation .
each roaster operates independently . some tout the fair trade logo , others emphasize selling organic coffee .
if you ' re specifically interested in helping small farmers , maybe you should look for fair trade coffee . its whole focus is small coffee producers . traditionally , all fair trade coffee has come from cooperatives of small producers .
the fair trade movement came to being to raise awareness on trade injustices and imbalances of power in the conventional trade structures , and to advocate changes in policies to favour equitable trade . sale points of fair trade products became one of the effective methods of campaigning . it was the fair trade shops that started including producer stories in product packaging to raise awareness on fair trade . world / fair trade shops mobilised consumers to participate in campaigning activities for more global justice .
however , on september 15 , 2011 , fair trade usa announced its resignation from fair trade international , the international association of fair trade organizations ( the fairtrade international logo is shown at right ) . the resignation took effect on december 31 , 2011 , and fair trade usa embarked on a different course from the rest of the world ' s fair trade organizations .
fair labor conditions : workers on fair trade farms enjoy freedom of association , safe working conditions and fair wages . forced child labor is strictly prohibited .
during its history of over 60 years , fair trade has developed into a widespread movement . thanks to the efforts of fair trade organisations worldwide , fair trade has gained recognition among politicians and mainstream businesses . more successes are to be expected , as fair trade organisations develop into stronger players and mainstream companies become more and more attuned to the demand for fair trade in the marketplace . watch this space as we continue to write fair trade history !
fair trade - certified coffee is growing in consumer familiarity and sales , but strict certification requirements are resulting in uneven economic advantages for coffee growers and lower quality coffee for consumers . by failing to address these problems , industry confidence in fair trade coffee is slipping .
democratic and transparent organizations : fair trade farmers and farm workers decide how to invest fair trade revenues , and proof of a democratic process is required .
traidcraft has been at the forefront of fair trade for over 35 years , passionate about trade justice since 1979 .
but there are compromises with fair trade , too . it doesn ' t focus primarily on environmental practices on the farms , and some buyers complain that fair trade coffee isn ' t always good - quality coffee .
fair trade . inspired by humanitarian concerns , fair trade labeling helps to ensure that the workers on coffee farms get paid fairly for the work they do . the higher prices that fair trade products earn help to provide an alternative to the price leverage that large coffee buyers can wield . however , a fair trade label does not convey any specific information about environmental practices .
this version of the history of fair trade was prepared and edited on behalf of wfto with the input and advice of a number of fair trade pioneers .
community development : fair trade farmers and workers invest fair trade premiums in social and business development projects like scholarship programs , healthcare services and quality improvement training .
coffee from individual fair trade farmers is collected and washed on the spot or dried . the scfcu acts as a quality monitoring body throughout the process . after being washed or dried the coffee is prepared for sale in a camp near addis abeda . the separation of fair trade coffee and conventionally traded coffee is thoroughly controlled . the traceability of fair trade coffee is given at any time .
“the fair trade certification process can be laborious and expensive for small farms . ”
while fair trade certification is one available option , there are many coffee companies that combine multiple missions and strive to have an overall socially and environmentally friendly company without exclusively dealing in fair trade products .
fair trade usa is another certifier of fair trade coffee and products in the u . s . once the u . s . member of the international system , it resigned in early 2012 and is now independent . under fair trade usa , independent producers and estates can gain certification .
much like organic certification , fair trade certification lets you know about the origin of a product . fair trade certified products come from all over the world , but share a common history . farmers who grow fair trade products receive a fair price , and their communities and the environment benefit as well .
rink dickinson , the president of equal exchange , an importer of fair trade coffee , chocolate , tea and bananas .
the company is participating in a pilot project with fair trade usa involving a 500 - acre organic coffee plantation in brazil , a farm that previously would have been too large to get fair trade certification .
complete and return an application to your fair trade contact to begin the audit process .
about two dozen countries have fair trade labeling organizations that license companies to market fair trade products . fairtrade international provides a uniform logo for use on packaging in most countries .
fair for life is a brand - neutral third party certification program for social accountability and fair trade in agricultural , manufacturing and trading operations . the program complements existing fair trade certification systems . social accountability and fair trade have become important indicators to select business partners in a global market place . the fair for life social & fair trade certification program offers operators of socially responsible projects a solution for objective inspection and certification by a highly qualified external verifier . it combines strict social and fair trade standards with adaptability to local conditions .
networking between fair trade organisations is crucial to their success . all over the world , networks have been established . regional networks include the asia fair trade forum ( now wfto asia ) , co - operation for fair trade in africa ( now wfto africa and middle east ) , the association latino americana de comercio justo ( now wfto latin america ) and ifat europe ( now wfto europe ) . national networks also grew like ecota fair trade forum in bangladesh , fair trade group nepal , associated partners for fairer trade philippines , fair trade forum india , kenya federation for alternative trade ( kefat ) , etc .
5 . relatively little fair - trade coffee originates from the poorest countries . the poorest coffee - growing countries are in africa : ethiopia , kenya , and tanzania . fair - trade exports from these countries represent less than 10 percent of coffee marketed through fair trade , while the share of fair - trade coffee from middle - income countries such as mexico , brazil , and colombia is many times higher . effective poverty interventions should be targeted at most poor , not the medium - poor .
over time , four organizations were borne out of fair trade certification . transfair in germany , the fairtrade foundation , transfair usa , and rattvisemarkt . they joined together to form fairtrade labeling organizations international , which sets fairtrade standards for coffee growing and packing to this day . other international fair trade networks include the world fair trade organization , the network of european worldshops and the european fair trade association .
the fair trade accountability watch allows you to report non - compliance issues of our members .
fairtrade labelling organizations international .
about fair trade .
2006 ( may 16 , urltoken
in 1973 , fair trade original in the netherlands , imported the first fairly traded coffee from cooperatives of small farmers in guatemala . now , more than 30 years later , fair coffee has become a concept . meanwhile , hundreds of thousands of coffee farmers have benefited from fair trade in coffee . in europe , fair trade coffee became a popular choice for many consumers . presently , between 25 to 50 % of turnover of northern fair trade organisations comes from this product . after the success of coffee , many fair trading organisations expanded their food range and started selling commodity products like tea , cocoa , sugar , wine , fruit juices , nuts , rice and spices . consumers welcomed these products like coffee .
gourmesso fair trade coffee from ethiopia supports the sidama coffee farmers cooperative union and its projects . in addition to enjoying the perfect coffee moment , just by purchasing coffee like the etiopia blend forte you help support related reforms and progresses in the different regions of origin . try for yourself and enjoy the perfect espresso from the birthplace of coffee . in addition to fair trade coffee from ethiopia you will also find many other fair trade certified coffees that will delight you in our gourmesso online shop .
if organic coffee is purchased under a fair trade contract ( see below ) , the producing cooperative receives a price premium of 15 cents a pound . outside a fair trade contract , producers can use the certification to negotiate a better price for their coffee .
christian mora is the general manager of afaorca , a fair trade coffee cooperative in costa rica . dan charles / npr hide caption
parallel to the development of labelling for fair trade products , the international fair trade association ( now wfto ) developed a monitoring system for fair trade organisations . in order to strengthen the credibility of these organisations towards political decision - makers , mainstream business and consumers , the ifat fair trade organisation mark was launched in january 2004 . the fto mark is available to member organisations that meet the requirements of the ifat monitoring system and identifies them as registered fair trade organisations .
hunt confirms that westrock deals with both fair trade and non fair trade coffees , and says that the company works to embody socially conscious principles . some of the farms they work with are so small that the fair trade requirements are prohibitively expensive , such as some partners with as little as a dozen coffee trees .
where southern fair trade suppliers receive a pre - payment from buyers , they ensure that this payment is passed on to the producers or farmers who make or grow their fair trade products .
paul rice , chief executive of fair trade usa , said the fair trade movement was dominated by hard - liners who resisted needed changes . “we’re all debating what do we want fair trade to be as it grows up , ” mr . rice said . “do we want it to be small and pure or do we want it to be fair trade for all ? ”
with our fairtrade coffee range you can be sure producers and workers get a fair deal whilst still enjoying high quality coffee .
many companies strive for socially and environmentally conscious practices , without dealing exclusively in fair trade products .
fair trade , diversification and structural change : towards a broader theoretical framework of analys . . .
at the moment , in fact , the fair trade movement is going through a bitter split . one group , fair trade usa , wants to expand the label so it can include coffee from individual farmers — even big estates .
the international federation of alternative trade changed its name to world fair trade organization during the 2009 kathmandu annual general meeting ( agm ) . the same year , the organisation spearheaded the global celebration of world fair trade day . the move to rebrand itself was part of the plan to make wfto one of the major global players in fair trade .
the academic evidence for any positive effect of fair - trade coffee on coffee growers is mixed at best . several recent studies by researchers at harvard , the university of wisconsin , and the university of california indicate that fair - trade coffee has small to negligible effects on coffee growers , especially the poorest ones . the university of california researchers find that the lack of impact stems from the ill - conceived design of the fair - trade system . indeed , a consensus among development economists indicates fair - trade coffee to be one of the least effective means for reducing poverty in developing countries .
like many economic and political movements , the fair trade movement arose to address the perceived failure of the market and remedy important social issues . as the name implies , fair trade has sought not only to protect farmers but also to correct the legacy of the colonial mercantilist system and the kind of crony capitalism where large businesses obtain special privileges from local governments , preventing small businesses from competing and flourishing . to its credit , fair trade usa has played a significant role in getting american consumers to pay more attention to the economic plight of poor coffee growers . although fair trade coffee still accounts for only a small fraction of overall coffee sales , the market for fair trade coffee has grown markedly over the last decade , and purchases of fair trade coffee have helped improve the lives of many small growers .
principle nine : promoting fair trade the organisation raises awareness of the aim of fair trade and of the need for greater justice in world trade through fair trade . it advocates for the objectives and activities of fair trade according to the scope of the organisation . the organisation provides its customers with information about itself , the products it markets , and the producer organisations or members that make or harvest the products . honest advertising and marketing techniques are always used .
65 % of american shoppers indicate they would trust a product more if it was fair trade certified .
producers : beyond receiving a fair , stable price , fair trade also empowers producers to invest in their organizations , improve their communities and protect the environment .
starbucks , which has about 11 , 000 coffee shops in the united states , also said that it planned to continue using fair trade usa to certify coffee it sells in this country . however , the company said that it had not decided whether to place a fair trade label on coffee grown on large plantations . starbucks said that about 8 percent of the coffee used in its global operations came from fair trade farms in 2010 , or about 21 million pounds .
coopetarrazu sells coffee under the fair trade label . in addition , some of its farmers are rainforest alliance certified , and the co - op sells a lot of coffee to starbucks .
i see you , smugly smiling over your morning cup of fair - trade coffee , gratified at the unimaginable impact your thoughtfully chosen beans must be bringing to poor coffee growers overseas .
to get fair trade certification , he says , you have to show a fair trade organization that your cooperative keeps an honest set of books , that it operates democratically , and that it treats workers fairly .
kornell , sam .
the pros and cons of fair - trade coffee .
the santa barbara independent . april 5 , 2007 . urltoken
critics accuse fair trade usa of watering down standards , perhaps motivated by the bigger fees to be earned from certifying a higher volume of products . some sellers of fair trade products fear that small coffee farmers will lose market share to the big plantations and that companies will have an incentive to include only the minimum amount of fair trade ingredients in their products .
fair prices a fair price is freely negotiated through dialogue between the buyer and the seller and is based on transparent price setting . it includes a fair wage and a fair profit . fair prices represent an equitable share of the final price to each player in the supply chain .
awareness of the fair trade certified seal has nearly doubled since 2008—now at 63 % in the united states .
the terms “fair trade certified” or “fair trade certification” are related to a certification by either flo ( fairtrade labeling organization international , also called fairtrade international ) or fair trade usa , two nonprofits who impose regulatory requirements related to safe labor practices , wages , and environmental impacts on farms and plantations around the world ( specifically africa , asia , latin america , the caribbean , and oceania ) in exchange for the fair trade label .
critics of fair trade don ' t have issues with the positive impacts of the programs or the humanitarian intentions behind them , but rather some of the possible flaws in the long - term effects of fair trade .
economics a - z .
fair trade .
the economist . 2008 . ( may 16 , urltoken
global exchange .
understanding fair trade .
feb . 5 , 2008 . ( may 16 , urltoken
fair trade a term which often describes one or many of the entries under fair trade , ' but can also be used to refer to trade justice issues . in such cases , it can be as broad as to describe general fairness in trade , such as tariffs , subsidies , worker rights and other issues ' .
the earliest traces of fair trade in europe date from the late 1950s when oxfam uk started to sell crafts made by chinese refugees in oxfam shops . in 1964 , it created the first fair trade organisation . parallel initiatives were taking place in the netherlands and in 1967 the importing organisation , fair trade original , was established .
fair - trade networks have been working to temper the inequities and uncertainties facing small - scale artisans and farmers and to provide them with more secure and livable incomes . drawing on earlier research in 1991–1993 and a brief pilot study in 2006 , this research note examines farmers’ perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of production for fair trade in three coffee - producing regions in costa rica . while the fair - trade movement has made significant headway in bringing social and environmental concerns to the marketplace and in providing farmers with guaranteed minimum prices for their coffee , farmers’ reactions to production for fair trade indicate a number of problems that farmers and fair - trade cooperatives are facing in their efforts to reap the potential benefits of fair trade . as currently structured , fair - trade markets alone do not adequately address the needs of small farming families in latin america .
to understand how the problem arises , one must understand that the low consumer demand for fair trade coffee means that not all of a particular farmer’s coffee , which will be of varying quality , may be sold at the fair trade price . the rest must be sold on the market at whatever price the quality of the coffee will support .
fairtrade is a movement for change that works directly with businesses , consumers and campaigners to make trade fair for farmers and workers . the international fairtrade system represents the world ' s largest and most recognized fair trade system .
the flo model has changed little since its inception . although the fair trade price and premium for coffee has been adjusted upward over time , the rules and regulations have remained fairly static . fair trade’s chief legacy may be greater consumer awareness among coffee drinkers . “we generate awareness to create demand in the market , ” explains stacy wagner , public relations manager at fair trade usa . and they have had tremendous success doing so . today , according to wagner , 50 percent of american households are aware of fair trade coffee , up from only 9 percent in 2005 .
the fair trade movement arose as a possible way to address these concerns . since its inception , there has been controversy over the efficacy , practices , and costs associated with the fair trade label . simply put , the term “fair trade” typically refers to the movement or principles of providing fair wages and labor practices in international trade . to better understand the details of many of those principals , you can find an in - depth charter here .
esquires coffee has the vision of becoming the world’s leading fairtrade and organic coffee retailer .
harrison , who works in the wedding business where coffee is always a factor , says , “some brides love starbucks , which works hard to sustainably source and offers organic blends—but only a fraction of their products are fair trade certified . ” she also offers the example of a coffee company such as rohan marley’s marley coffee , which doesn’t offer exclusively fair trade , but every coffee is some combination of fair trade , usda organic , or rainforest alliance certified , so the social mission is clear through each product .
one frequent criticism is that fair trade prices artificially inflate prices above the market value without doing anything to address real problems , like oversupply . the more coffee available for purchase , the lower coffee prices drop . critics argue that all fair trade does in these circumstances is prop up underperforming farming or manufacturing practices .
“starbucks , green mountain and other coffee companies will be able to become 100 percent fair trade not because they’ve changed their business practices one iota but because fair trade usa has changed the rules of the game , ” said dean cycon , founder of the dean’s beans organic coffee company , in orange , mass .
welcome to a more responsible , sustainable way of doing business . learn how to become a fair trade partner .
fair trade usa certifies producers and groups of producers of all sizes , including farms , fisheries , and factories .
7 . the fair - trade system is inefficient at transferring coffee consumers ' goodwill to producers . in an experiment run by my graduate students in san francisco ( described in the taste of many mountains ) , we found that the median coffee drinker is - - amazingly - - willing to pay a premium of 50 cents for a cup of fair - trade coffee . however , we find that even in the best - case scenario for fair trade , when world prices are at their lowest , the maximum amount a fair - trade grower from that same cup of coffee would receive is only one third of a cent .
8 . direct trade is probably more efficient and sustainable than fair trade . under direct trade , a coffee buyer contracts directly with specific growers overseas to offer a higher coffee price , often in exchange for a higher - quality product and a long - term relationship . although direct trade is certainly not a panacea , more real value is created in the system , making it an arguably more efficient means of transmitting resources from coffee drinkers to coffee growers .
if organic and fair trade certifications are problematic , what does that leave everybody , be they growers , sellers , or consumers ? that’s where direct trade comes into play .
from the mid 70s , fair trade organisations worldwide began to meet informally in conferences every couple of years . by the mid 80s there was a desire to come together more formally and by the end of the decade two organisations were established . the european fair trade association ( efta ) , an association of the 11 largest importing fair trade organisations in europe , was formed in 1987 , and two years later , the world fair trade organisation ( wfto ) , formerly the international federation of alternative trade ( ifat ) .
theoretically , by empowering small farmers and laborers , fair trade can shift the power structure to favor the underprivileged . in addition , as fair trade wages allow workers to get out of debt and improve their communities , they can better position their communities for growth . fair trade benefits more than 800 , 000 farmers worldwide [ source : global exchange ] . certified products continue to appear on more shelves as mainstream acceptance of fair trade brands increases throughout the developed world .
for a more in - depth picture of how fair trade works , refer to our global model or contact us .
since 2000 , fair trade sales and consumer awareness have increased tremendously , as the range of fair trade organizations has also expanded . from the early days of lace and home decor , handmade items now include clothing , sports equipment , toys , and other items . from its initial focus on coffee , fair trade product certification has expanded to tea , chocolate , sugar , vanilla , fruit , wine , and much more . in 2002 , the first world fair trade day was celebrated to heighten consumer awareness and to strengthen connections among fair traders and interested citizens around the globe .
the most damaging aspect of the fair - trade coffee system may be that it misleads well - meaning coffee consumers into believing that by buying fair - trade coffee they are doing something meaningful and helpful for the poor , while the best evidence suggests that other types of programs are far more effective . and this tragically misdirects energy and attention away from approaches to fighting poverty that actually work quite well . perhaps a main reason that fair - trade coffee continues to have credibility with many in the general population is the immense marketing campaign undertaken by fair trade usa , which continues to promote itself despite the self - neutralizing flaws in its poorly designed system .
giuliano originally embraced the fair trade - certification model—which pays producers an above - market “fair trade” price provided they meet specific labor , environmental , and production standards—because he believed it was the best way to empower growers and drive the sustainable development of one of the world’s largest commodities . today , giuliano no longer purchases fair trade - certified coffee for his business . “i think fair trade as a concept is very relevant , ” says giuliano . but “i think the fair trade - certified flo model is not relevant at all and kind of never has been , because they were doing something different than they were selling to the consumer . … that’s exactly why i left transfair [ now fair trade usa ] . they’re selling a different thing than they’re producing . ”
in the following years , similar non - profit fair trade labelling organisations were set up in other european countries and in north america . in 1997 their worldwide association , fairtrade labelling international ( flo , now fairtrade international ) was created . today , fairtrade international sets international standards for several fair trade products . flo - cert , an independent certification and verification organisation , uses the fairtrade standards in certifying production and auditing trade . products that meet these standards are identified by the fairtrade label . fair trade labelling has helped fair trade to go into mainstream business . currently , over two - thirds of fair trade products are sold by mainstream catering and retailing .
it was during the 2011 mombasa agm that wfto members decided to have a new fair trade system . following that decision , the wfto board was tasked to form a working group to design a system that would pave the way for a product label for fair trade organisations . the group was composed of experts in the field of fair trade verification and monitoring .
the audio of this story , as did a previous web version , incorrectly says that fair trade certification does not deal with environmental practices on farms . in fact , fair trade does encourage farmers to introduce good environmental practices , such as using less water and handling pesticides safety . those practices , however , are not a primary focus of fair trade certification .
coffee , which mr . rice said accounted for more than 70 percent of the fair trade market in the united states , is at the center of the dispute .
both trading organisations in the south and the north felt the need to establish a global network for fair trade organisations , to act as voice for fair trade and a forum for the global fair trade movement . thus , in 1989 , wfto was formed in the netherlands . the members of wfto vary greatly . they represent the fair trade supply chain , from production to sale , and also include support organisations such as shared interest , which provides financial services and support to produces .
for every fair trade certified product sold , the buyer pays a premium on top of the fair trade price . the premium amount goes into an account managed by a fair trade committee , which decides how to invest these funds back into the community . to look up the premium amount for a particular product , see prices and premiums information on our standards page .
it was with the dismantling of the international coffee agreement , world coffee prices beginning to sharply decline , and the lack of viable government solutions , that the concepts for a third - party certified “fair trade” market for coffee were born . the promotion of fair trade for coffee began in holland in 1988 , with small - scale farmer cooperatives in mexico and a dutch ngo , solidaridad , creating the first fair trade certification initiative . following suit , transfair international , was founded in germany in 1992 . from this humble beginning , an international network of fair traders was born , in the hopes of raising the political and social consciousness of coffee consumers to the plight of small - scale coffee producers around the world .
direct trade : importers purchase from fair trade producer groups as directly as possible , eliminating unnecessary middlemen and empowering farmers to develop the business capacity needed to compete in the global marketplace .
food products enable fair trade organisations to open new markets , such as institutional markets , supermarkets and bio shops . in addition to these food products , other non food products such as flowers and cotton have been added to the fair trade assortment .
research has recently suggested that fair trade certification “reinforced” producer - consumer differences and dominant power relations . [ 10 ] issues raised included the amount of influence producers in developing countries have within fair trade networks located outside monitoring systems in their own countries .
principle eight : providing capacity building the organisation seeks to increase positive developmental impacts for small , marginalised producers through fair trade .
downie , andrew .
fair trade in bloom .
the new york times . oct . 2 , 2007 . urltoken
ms . yusen said that green mountain bought 26 million pounds of fair trade coffee in 2010 ; in that year , it paid $ 1 . 5 million in licensing fees to fair trade usa , making it the largest source of revenue for the nonprofit group , according to federal tax filings .
in the second half of the 1980s , a new way of reaching the broad public was developed . a priest working with smallholder coffee farmers in mexico and a collaborator of a dutch church - based ngo conceived the idea of a fair trade label . coffee bought , traded or sold respecting fair trade conditions would qualify for a label that would make it stand out among ordinary coffee on store shelves , and would allow not only fair trade organisations , but any company to sell fair trade products . in 1988 , the “max havelaar” label was established in the netherlands . the concept caught on : within a year , coffee with the label had a market share of almost three percent .
the subject of which methods are the most effective and efficient is controversial , and this is a big part of the ongoing conversation about finding ethically sourced coffee and how fair trade certified coffee fits into the larger picture .
the group says the changes will benefit more poor farmers and farm workers around the world and make it easier for large corporations to sell fair trade products . sales of fair trade goods in 2010 were $ 1 . 3 billion in the united states and $ 5 . 8 billion globally . fair trade usa said it hoped to double sales in the united states by 2015 .
2 . fair trade attracts bad beans . every crop contains some beans that are of higher quality than others . if the market price for the low - quality beans is below $ 1 . 40 and the market price of high - quality beans is above $ 1 . 40 , then the fair - trade system incentivizes growers to dump their bad beans into fair - trade channels . as economists will lecture to you unceasingly , incentives matter . as the bad beans are drawn into the fair - trade market ( what economics calls
adverse selection
) , potential buyers eschew buying the coffee for fear of being stuck with the low - quality beans . this phenomenon has limited the market for fair - trade coffee .
“social responsibility and justice have always been important to obey in both message and practice . our hope is not only to benefit the workers in our fair trade factories , but to lead by example and promote the expansion of the fair trade program .
meets the demand of the socially - conscious consumer . fair trade usa references the concept on their website of the socially - conscious consumer , someone who is aware of certifications like usda organic and fair trade and will likely be looking for them or asking about them . if you own a coffee shop or restaurant , you’re likely to get questions about the type of coffee you serve and why , and to many customers fair trade certified will be words they’re happy to hear .
1 . the flawed design of the system undermines its own benefits . recent research by development economists alain de janvry and betty sadoulet at u . c . berkeley and craig mcintosh at u . c . san diego shows that when the world price of coffee falls ( and the advantages of selling through fair - trade channels increase ) , more borrowers choose to obtain fair - trade certification . but this reduces the fraction of coffee that their cooperatives can sell at the fair - trade price . what they found after examining 13 years of data from cooperatives in guatemala is that , on average , the economic benefits of participating in the fair - trade system are offset by the price the growers have to pay for fair - trade certification . in other words , they found that the long - term benefit over time from fair trade to be essentially zero .
the changes include giving the fair trade designation to coffee from large plantations , which were previously barred in favor of small farms . the group is also proposing to place its seal on products with as little as 10 percent fair trade ingredients , compared with a minimum of 20 percent required in other countries .
the price paid to the grower or local co - op , must be at least 25 % above the fair trade price .
a fair trade committee consists of a group of producers , workers , farmers , and fishermen that foster communication and collaboration on important issues such as health and safety and community investments . their main responsibility is to manage the use of the fair trade premium .
mitchell , dan .
the economist on ' fair trade . '
the new york times . dec . 16 , urltoken
intelligentsia pays growers 25 percent above the fair trade price . beyond that , it takes a flexible approach to labor issues , as it does with environmental issues . the guideline is economic sustainability . are all parties benefiting from the coffee trade ?
simply put , there is a small pool to choose from . from the stanford social innovation review : “an estimated 25 million small producers make up 70 percent of worldwide coffee production , but sales of fair trade coffee account for only two percent of total production . those figures clearly indicate the challenge—as well as the opportunity—that lies ahead for fair trade organizations . ”
most fair trade programs around the world already allow bananas , tea and flowers to be grown on large farms . but traditionally , fair trade coffee and cocoa had to come from small farms organized into cooperatives . the farmers receive a premium for use in community projects , like paying for schools or medical care .
then there are others , like dean ' s beans , a massachusetts roaster whose founder is not reticent to tell you he ' s a former environmental lawyer . actually , he ' s not reticent at all . dean ' s beans is quite assertive about promoting itself as going beyond fair trade standards and selling only organic coffee and only
fair trade
coffee as dean ' s beans defines fair trade . dean ' s says its standards are even better for producers than other certifications .
studies were carried out in areas such as coffee price determination and volatility , organic coffee , and the formation of a global research network on coffee .
fair trade is changing the way people think about their day - to - day purchases . see our consumer insights to see why more than 1 , 200 brands have chosen fair trade certification to meet sustainability goals , increase brand value , and reach more shoppers .
9 . we should encourage less coffee production , not more . efforts to help coffee growers by paying them more for their coffee all stimulate more coffee production , which is precisely the wrong way to help coffee growers . it is lower worldwide coffee production that brings the most benefit to each grower , by raising coffee prices . thus the best approaches to helping coffee growers involve helping people move away from coffee production . interventions in coffee communities like microfinance , cash grants to start new enterprises , and internationally sponsoring the children of coffee growers to help these children obtain more and better education help coffee growers worldwide because they reduce the world supply of coffee . this benefits everyone , because as coffee growers and their children move to other occupations , all producers in the world benefit from higher coffee prices . artificially stimulating more coffee production keeps coffee growers poor .
fair trade usa is a nonprofit , but an unusually sustainable one . it gets most of its revenues from service fees from retailers . for every pound of fair trade coffee sold in the united states , retailers must pay 10 cents to fair trade usa . that 10 cents helps the organization promote its brand , which has led some in the coffee business to say that fair trade usa is primarily a marketing organization . in 2009 , the nonprofit had a budget of $ 10 million , 70 percent of which was funded by fees . the remaining 30 percent came from philanthropic contributions , mostly from foundation grants and private donors .
between the days when a cup of coffee was just a cup of coffee at 25 cents a cup with free refills and today , when we can enjoy a variety of delightful and exotic coffee blends at sometimes equally exotic prices , a lot has changed with respect to how coffee is bought and sold . and many of these changes are directly related to the fair trade coffee movement .
eros fairtrade coffee is picked by hand in some of the finest coffee growing regions in the world .
in an effort to complement the fairtrade certification system and allow for example handcraft producers to also sell their products outside worldshops , the world fair trade organization ( wfto ) , formerly the international fair trade association ( founded 1989 ) , launched a new mark to identify fair trade organizations in 2004 ( as opposed to products in the case of fairtrade ) . called the fto mark , it allows consumers to recognize registered fair trade organizations worldwide and guarantees that standards are being implemented regarding working conditions , wages , child labour and the environment .
yes . fair trade usa understands that producers have worked hard to achieve these certificates , so we honor most flo - cert certifications .
fair trade usa , the movement’s leading advocate in the united states , angered critics by saying it would cut its ties at year’s end with the main international fair trade group and make far - reaching changes in the sorts of products that get its seal of approval .
currently , coffee packers pay a fee to fairtrade , who assigns the right to use the fairtrade logo for coffee packers whose farmers and cooperatives meet fairtrade criteria for growing and delivering coffee . coffee retailers are free to sell fairtrade coffee at a higher price .
fair trade is a voluntary program utilized by coffee importers and food companies to create an alternative market for traditionally disadvantaged producers in developing countries , usually small scale farmers . the components include :
grown in the high reaches of chiapas state in southern mexico . this fair trade and organic coffee has nutty and cocoa flavor notes with a hint of tart blackberry . full city roast .
but critics say that large plantations do not need help getting access to major markets , and the small coffee farmers who have been at the heart of fair trade could be squeezed out .
it all started in 1962 , when the international coffee agreement ( ica ) was drafted at the united nations by the coffee study group . this agreement enabled the international coffee organization to regulate coffee products . it also set careful limits on how much coffee could be traded between countries to avoid a glut of coffee supply overwhelming demand and driving down global coffee prices .
at amt we are incredibly passionate about coffee and we genuinely believe that producers should receive fair prices for their outstanding products .
commodity coffee is broken into grades , but within each grade the coffee is standardized . this means that beans from one batch are assumed to be identical to those in any other batch . it is a standardized product . specialty coffee , on the other hand , is sold because of its distinctive flavor characteristics . because specialty coffees are of a higher grade , they command higher prices . fair trade coffee can come in any quality grade , but the coffee is considered part of the specialty coffee market because of its special production requirements and pricing structure . it is these requirements and pricing structure that create a quality problem for fair trade coffee .
shenck , marcia catherine .
criticism of fair trade .
mount holyoke college . spring 2006 . ( may 16 , 2008 ) urltoken
of the extra money that costa charged , more than 90 % did not reach the farmer . cafedirect did not benefit , so unless using the fair trade coffee somehow increased costa ' s costs hugely , the money was being added to profits . the truth is that fair trade coffee wholesalers could pay two , three or sometimes four times the market price for coffee in the developing world without adding anything noticeable to the production cost of a cappuccino . because coffee beans make up such a small proportion of that cost customers might have concluded that the extra 10p was to cover the cost of the fair trade coffee , but they would have been wrong . a certain undercover economist made some inquiries and found that costa worked out that the whole business gave the wrong impression , and at the end of 2004 began to offer fair trade coffee on request , without a price premium .
the way we source and buy coffee is integral to providing the remarkable coffee we’re able to offer you .
he dismissed criticism that his group was seeking to increase revenue for its own sake . “the more we grow volume , the more we can increase the impact” of fair trade , he said . in 2010 , companies that sell fair trade products paid the group $ 6 . 7 million in licensing fees , which are meant to pay the cost of auditing a company’s production to make sure its fair trade claims are accurate .
costa , like most other coffee bars these days , offers ' fair trade ' coffee - theirs comes from a leading fair trade brand called cafedirect . cafedirect promises to offer good prices to coffee farmers in poor countries . . . for several years , customers who wished to support third - world farmers - and such customers are apparently not uncommon in london - were charged an extra 10p . they may have believed that the 10p went to the struggling coffee farmer . almost none of it did .
a cup of “fair - trade” coffee used to make mud taste good , and you could buy it only in churches and charity shops . today , it is indistinguishable from the other fine coffees sold alongside it at starbucks and other big retailers . the same goes for other fair - trade goods such as bananas , chocolate and tea .
fair trade principles have deep roots in european societies long before the first structured alternative trading organizations ( atos ) emerged following world war ii . many of the fundamental concepts behind fair trade actually show a great resemblance with pre - capitalist ideas about the organization of the economy and society .
fair wages a fair wage is an equitable , freely negotiated and mutually agreed wage , and presumes the payment of at least a local living wage .
some roasters use
direct trade
in more specific ways . the chicago - based company intelligentsia , which roasts coffee and sells it by mail , in addition to operating coffee shops , has trademarked the term intelligentsia direct trade to promote its direct business relationships with growers . counter culture coffee , another roaster , established in 2008 what it calls counter culture direct trade certification . like fair trade , counter culture sets a minimum price it pays , but it also establishes a quality standard . also , unlike the fair trade certification , counter culture does not require growers to be part of a cooperative , a requirement that rankles some independent - minded , successful growers .