global air routes is a 14-minute 1944 canadian documentary film produced by the national film board of canada , directed and edited by stuart legg .

the film is part of the the world in action series .

legg directed a number of documentaries for both the world in action and earlier canada carries on series .

many of the documentaries were created as morale-boosting propaganda films during the second world war .

global air routes

the economy minister also said the new air routes task force would to help him devise new policies and interventions to improve the north ' s air connectivity .
the scientists simulated climate - optimized flight routes for 40 , 000 lufthansa flights , which in models succeeded in reducing the overall climate warming effects .
even net - cooling air traffic
was realized on some european routes , stated the report .
suh hh , bahadori t , vallarino j , spengler jd . criteria air pollutants and toxic air pollutants .
increasing global air traffic is commonly regarded as a climate catastrophe , with the aviation industry alone comprising 5 percent of greenhouse gases produced annually .
let ' s be honest , we ' ve struggled to secure and maintain air routes to key cities and markets . i ' m not satisfied with sitting back and saying that because we are small we can ' t sustain air routes to places like the us , canada and the middle east as well as hubs around europe .
the following points summarize the role of global circulations in producing long - range transport .
i want us to aggressively pursue new routes that will help us attract tourists and boost our international trade links .
schuessler n , axhausen kw . processing raw data from global positioning systems without additional information .
the new trade plan will try to expand the north ' s international presence by the end of next year , while the creation of an air routes task force will help to devise new policies and interventions to improve northern ireland ' s air connectivity .
witness the snowbirds’ fitness with this short film from the canada vignettes series . officially known as the royal canadian air force’s 431 air demonstration squadron , the snowbirds are canada’s air show flight demonstration team .
maddison r , mhurchu cn . global positioning system : a new opportunity in physical activity measurement .
global services members have the best award availability , and generally get the best united customer service .
global services members get access to a dedicated phone line with extremely helpful agents . image courtesy of
on the one hand , there is the possibility to close particularly climate - damaging air routes for air transport ,
explained urban weißhaar , a flight route expert at lufthansa systems .
the other possibility is the inclusion of cloud formation in emissions trading .
stormont economy minister simon hamilton is to develop a new international trade plan and air routes task force for northern ireland in a bid to
seize the opportunities presented by the uk exiting the eu
.
“to assist me , i ' m establishing a new air routes task force . its job will be to help me to develop a range of policies and interventions that we can utilise to open up new connections .
under the direction of dlr and in cooperation with the german meteorological service ( dwd ) and the german air traffic control ( deutsche flugsicherung ) , meilinger has analyzed lufthansa flights to assess the possibility of designing air traffic routes that limit climate damage . ideally , they should even contribute to climate protection .
this all depends on the route the plane flies .
with our current routes , we have an overall warming effect ,
meilinger told dw .
stopher p , fitzgerald c , zhang j . search for a global positioning system device to measure person travel .
a particular problem for air traffic is emissions is the high altitude . in addition to co2 , production of nitrogen oxide through jet engine exhaust produces ozone , a major cause of global warming .
navidi w , lurmann f . measurement error in air - pollution exposure assessment .
air travel is bad for the climate - but it doesn ' t have to be . climate - friendly flight routes and renewable jet fuel could make flying in planes way more environmentally friendly - this would just need to be implemented .
in this monday , june 12 , 2017 photo , passengers arrive at the hamad international airport in doha , qatar . an ap videojournalist recounts her struggle to fly back home to dubia after a diplomatic dispute with arab gulf countries saw qatar , a hub of global air travel , cut off from local flight routes . ( ap photo / malak harb )
duncan mj , mummery wk , dascombe bj . utility of global positioning system to measure active transport in urban areas .
rodriguez da , brown al , troped pj . portable global positioning units to complement accelerometry - based physical activity monitors .
volker grewe of dlr is in favor of reducing the climate impacts of air travel .
bringing more people to these shores requires better air connections ,
he said .
michael y , mcgregor em , allen j , fickas s . observing outdoor activity using global positioning system - enabled cell phones .
united has 24 global first lounges around the globe , and they’re usually restricted to those with an international first - class ticket . these lounges are sometimes in a different stratosphere than the average united club ( though they’re still hardly amazing ) . typically you need to be booked in united global first to enter , but global services members can enter with an international business - class ticket .
in this monday , june 12 , 2017 photo , qatari and other nationals queue at the check in counters of the hamad international airport in doha , qatar . an ap videojournalist recounts her struggle to fly back home to dubia after a diplomatic dispute with arab gulf countries saw qatar , a hub of global air travel , cut off from local flight routes . ( ap photo / malak harb )
with global services , your upgrades clear into the higher - priority pn fare class , giving you better odds of riding up front .
conversely , africa sees much lower volumes of air travel . in may , raphael kuuchi from the international air transport association ( iata ) highlighted the work needed to boost aviation across the continent .
the simplified view of the global circulation described above becomes more complex when the effects of continents and oceans are included . global sea - level pressure patterns and surface winds for january and july are shown in figure b . 4 . focusing on the northern hemisphere , the janu -
[ 7 ] g . bisignani , “state of the air transport industry” , address to the annual general meeting , international air transport association , vancouver , june 2006 , www . iata . org .
in asia , significant air travel is seen in the far east – particularly in china and japan .
rainham d , krewski d , mcdowell i , sawada m , liekens b . development of a wearable global positioning system for place and health research .
elgethun k , fenske ra , yost mg , palcisko gj . time - location analysis for exposure assessment studies of children using a novel global positioning system instrument .
phillips ml , hall ta , esmen na , lynch r , johnson dl . use of global positioning system technology to track subject’s location during environmental exposure sampling .
although not yet ready to be used commercially , such a system offers the potential to track and coordinate aircraft movements in areas not covered by radar . this would allow distances between planes to be lowered , boosting global air traffic capacity and at the same time improving safety .
the dup minister said the north
must become more forward - thinking and outward - looking
as it attempts to become a major player in the global economy .
[ 2 ] air transport association of america ( ata ) , 2007 economic report , www . airlines . org .
the map highlights the sheer volume of global air traffic . both the us and europe become a sea of yellow during daylight hours . you can also see the direction of travel between europe and north america – generally towards europe during the night , and then the reverse during the day .
note that this doesn’t mean those in global services can create an award ticket on any flight at any time , as united often chooses to leave t and r zeroed out . this tends to happen on high - demand routes where giving up free seats would not make business sense . still , it’s a tremendous benefit and more times than not a t fare is available — and r at times as well .
from 2025 , other climate effects of air traffic such as cloud formation would also be included in the emissions trading price .
once an air pollutant is released into the atmosphere , chemical , microphysical , and meteorological factors determine how it is distributed . the location of air pollution sources with respect to local , regional , and global air circulation patterns influences how efficiently pollutants are transported and dispersed . the winds transport air both horizontally and vertically . vertical transport is important when considering long - range pollutant transport because pollutants distributed to higher altitudes usually encounter stronger winds that provide rapid transport to distant locations . atmospheric stability , controlled by how temperature varies with height , determines whether vertical transport will be slow or rapid . after emission , pollutants may undergo chemical transformation , be subjected to depletion processes such as particle scavenging and dry or wet deposition , or mix into the atmosphere to become a component of the background concentration . this appendix provides a general description of the atmosphere and a synopsis of air circulation and weather patterns that influence the distribution of air pollutants .
[ 1 ] international air transport association ( iata ) , fact sheet : world industry statistics , www . iata . org .
the busyness of modern airspace poses significant challenges for air traffic controllers . but help could be on the horizon – from space .
as stated earlier , united has a system of fare codes , and the fare code for upgrades for most customers is r . however , for those in global services , upgrades clear into the pn fare code . this means that global services have much better chances of upgrading than everyone else , though pn is not always available — particularly for flights with high demand .
air travel has substantially increased since the creation of the eu ' s single aviation market 25 years ago . the number of daily flights has increased from less than 10 , 000 in 1992 to around 23 , 000 in 2016 . in addition passengers now have access to more destinations . today there are around 7 , 400 routes compared to less than 2 , 700 in 1992 .
meilinger ' s research team developed software for climate - optimized flight routes which , once combined with weather forecast data , meant planes could avoid regions with warming clouds . moreover , regions for cooling cloud formation on the flight route could also be targeted .
recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent . pollutants from traffic , cooking stoves , and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health . the relative importance of this
imported
pollution is likely to increase , as emissions in developing countries grow , and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened .
it may not be as mysterious as the amex centurion card , but the invite - only united elite status known as global services is still shrouded in a fair amount of secrecy . what is clear is that it takes some serious spending to qualify ; according to many sources , that means at least $ 50 , 000 in a calendar year to be considered for global services .
an on - air mistake during one of his broadcast was , “western farmers are expecting their biggest crap in years . ” funny .
replacing jet fuel made from fossil fuels with more renewable sources would also be a fundamental step on the road to sustainable air travel .
winer am , paulson se . sacramento , ca : california air resources board ; 2010 . investigation and characterization of air pollution concentrations and gradients in port - adjacent communities and west and downtown los angeles using a mobile platform . draft final report contract no . 04–348 .
the biggest benefit to global services is the excellent service that is given to those with the status . they receive what can only be described as the royal treatment . below , some examples :
the greatest potential lies in preventing the creation of clouds .
condensation trails and fog clouds are formed out of ice crystals in certain weather conditions ,
meilinger explained . climate - optimized flight routes would work by avoiding such weather , hence limiting cloud generation .
cloud formation with climate impact could be priced , like co2 emissions . airlines with climate - friendly routes could gain an advantage by paying less money for pollution certificates - making any additional costs by a small detour very worthwhile . for climate protection , at least .
global circulations during the northern hemisphere summer ( figure b . 4b ) are quite different from those during winter . low pressure , not high pressure , now dominates the continents , producing the seasonal wind
elgethun k , yost mg , fitzpatrick cte , nyerges tl , fenske ra . comparison of global positioning system ( gps ) tracking and parent - report diaries to characterize children’s time - location patterns .
united’s global services is one of the more mysterious status levels in the world of loyalty programs ; it’s dedicated to high spenders , and unless you’re a member you can’t view the full list of benefits . however , thanks to some sources lucky enough to hold this status , tpg contributor vikram birring is here with a rundown of the best global services perks . read ( and dream ) on !
with climate - optimized flight routes , however , the negative effects of flying can also be reduced and can
even go in the opposite direction ,
according to stefanie meilinger of the international center for sustainable development at bonn - rhein - sieg university in germany .
people’s time - location patterns are important in air pollution exposure assessment because pollution levels may vary considerably by location . a growing number of studies are using global positioning systems ( gps ) to track people’s time - location patterns . many portable gps units that archive location are commercially available at a cost that makes their use feasible for epidemiological studies .
lucky enough to check in an airport with a global first check - in area ? you can visit a dedicated check - in lounge , and you’ll be taken to the front of the security line .
global sources of local pollution examines the impact of the long - range transport of four key air pollutants ( ozone , particulate matter , mercury , and persistent organic pollutants ) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the united states . it also explores the environmental impacts of u . s . emissions on other parts of the world . the book recommends that the united states work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies .
climate - friendly air travel - say what ? | environment | all topics from climate change to conservation | dw | 05 . 07 . 2017
global services ( and generally 1k ) members have their food orders taken first in premium cabins . this sometimes creates confusion , and at worst jealousy and tension from others in the cabin . however , global services members are the highest - priority united customers , and there are usually only two or three entrée types to order — with limited quantities of each — so giving first dibs on food orders is a small way of saying thanks from united . also , as of january , global services ( and 1k ) members also get free food from united’s choice menu if sitting in economy , along with a free drink .
here , things get a bit heated . we’re introduced to the royal canadian air force ‘s 32 overseas squadrons and witness canadian airplanes destroy a german munitions train .
[ 6 ] j . heimlich , “outlook : reaching for the skies ? ” , air transport association of america , www . airlines . org . january 2007
it is noteworthy that air masses also can be transported long distances without being lifted ( i . e . , the air and its pollutants remain in the lower troposphere ) . this generally occurs in the absence of transient synoptic systems that would contain mechanisms for ascent ( e . g . , the wcb ) . arctic
to reach the goals of the paris climate agreement to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees celsius , every person on earth would be limited to producing an average of only 2 tons of co2 annually over the next 30 years .
integrating air traffic into emissions trading could be another important way to achieve more climate - friendly air travel . one proposal suggest that by 2020 , all airlines should pay $ 10 ( around 9 euros ) per ton of co2 emitted , but that the price of these pollution permits should increase to $ 80 dollars per ton by 2030 .
with a new global agreement to guide governments toward climate protection , personal action is more important than ever . from riding your bike to shopping organic , here are some simple ways you can help save the climate . ( 15 . 12 . 2015 )
) were selected based on their potential for tracking people’s time - location patterns in air pollution epidemiological studies . we have used the dg - 100 from globalsat in a previous study
away from the equator . thus , the meridional flow is equatorward at low levels and poleward above . the middle latitudes ( 30° - 60° ) are dominated by transient cyclones ( low - pressure areas ) and anticyclones ( high - pressure areas ) , especially during the winter . in the long term mean the region is characterized by sinking air near 30° and rising air at its northern boundary ( ~ 60° ) , corresponding to the location of the polar front . this region sometimes is denoted the ferrell cell ( not depicted in figure b . 3 ) . the polar troposphere ( 60° - 90° ) is dominated by rising air near 60° and sinking air over the poles , sometimes denoted the polar cell .
global services members are invited to board before all other united customers , with the possible exception of those in the military . this may not be a real advantage , however , as there tends to be plenty of space in the overhead bins of first / business class , where global services members tend to travel . plus , united boarding procedure tends to take about 45 minutes , so it could end up being unnecessary extra time for some — while for others it could be a head start on drinking on board .
wind speeds in the troposphere generally increase with altitude . thus , the vertical motion experienced by air parcels is vitally important since pollutants that are transported from near the surface to higher altitudes usually will be horizontally transported the most rapidly . areas of rising air tend to be smaller and shorter lived than areas of subsidence , which generally cover larger areas and persist longer .
this book will be useful to international , federal , state , and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well - being .
the european space agency’s proba - v is primarily designed to monitor vegetation growth . however , the mini - satellite ( it’s smaller than a cubic metre ) can also monitor air traffic movements .
wallace l , nelson w , ziegenfus r , et al . the los angeles team study : personal exposures , indoor - outdoor air concentrations , and breath concentrations of 25 volatile organic compounds .
one of the newest benefits is that if a global services member has a purchased business - class ticket , and a companion is in economy class , the companion will be bumped into business class ( pn code ) — so long as the member has the proper upgrade in his / her account and there’s availability within 24 - 72 hours of the flight . this is a great perk , as many global services passengers’ premium tickets are paid for by employers in the first place — and who wants to leave their companion in economy while they travel in luxury ?
this is the first of 2 nfb films about planes released in 1944 . as opposed to its train - busting counterpart below , this deliciously retro 15 - minute doc focuses on the civil aviation side of things , giving an account of the development of air transport during wwii and , according to the synopsis , “highlighting the contribution of air transport to world unity . ” ( ah planes . )
as its name implies the cold conveyor belt is located completely within the cold sector of the cyclone ( figure b . 6 ) . the low - level air flows toward the west along the north ( cold side ) of the surface warm frontal position . during part of this route , the wcb is overhead . as cold air approaches the center of the cyclone the air begins to ascend into the middle troposphere while making a clockwise loop , eventually reversing direction and combining with the wcb in the upper troposphere . the role of the cold conveyor belt in transporting pollutants aloft has received relatively little attention .
some 100 , 000 flights take off and land every day across the world . if you’re struggling to visualize this incredible volume of daily air traffic , this animated map might help put it into perspective .
the jet streams are important distributors of air pollutants for two reasons . they create major areas of air exchange between the troposphere and stratosphere . and the strong winds of the jet stream can rapidly transport pollutants . for example , if one assumes an average wind speed of 35 m s – 1 ( ~ 70 kt ) at 40° latitude , an eastward - moving air parcel will circumnavigate the globe in only 10 days . the stratosphere , which extends to ~ 50 km , has regions of strong winds , but virtually no turbulent mixing except for occasional overshooting thunderstorms , certain types of lightning , and occasional thin clouds .
tager i , hammond sk , balmes j , et al . sacramento , ca : california air resources board ; 2006 . fresno asthmatic children’s environment study ( faces ) . final report contract no . 99–322 .
shows the percentage of gps data falling within 10 - m and 20 - m buffers of the corresponding doqq routes under mobile conditions . we did not show 5 - m buffer results because usually a road was more than 10 m wide and the reported accuracy of the gps devices ranged from 2–5 m according to the product specifications . all the devices performed well while in a passenger vehicle on the i - 5 and i - 405 freeways , with > 75 % ( the 1st run ) and > 88 % ( the 2nd run ) of points within 10 - m of the corresponding doqq route except wbt - 201 in the 1st run . gps performance during walking did not differ much between the uci route and the la route in the 1st run but higher accuracy was observed on the uci route in the 2nd run . despite dense high buildings surrounding the la bus route , the performance of the gps devices was only slightly better on the uci bus route than on the la bus route . in downtown la , somewhat better gps performance was observed for traveling by bus and car than by walking , possibly because the driving or bus routes were further away from adjacent high buildings than sidewalk walking routes .
sometimes , the p code ( a business - class fare ) is available , but pn is not . within 24 hours , a nice global services agent may bump you into business class even though the pn upgrade code is not available . this is not guaranteed , but it’s a wonderful benefit when it happens .
though air travel is more popular than ever , the vast majority of people in the world have never been on a plane . as that dynamic slowly changes , the environment stands to suffer . is flying less the only solution ?
the international airline industry provides service to virtually every corner of the globe , and has been an integral part of the creation of a global economy . the airline industry itself is a major economic force , both in terms of its own operations and its impacts on related industries such as aircraft manufacturing and tourism , to name but two . few other industries generate the amount and intensity of attention given to airlines , not only among its participants but from government policy makers , the media , and almost anyone who has an anecdote about a particular air travel experience .
global services members , on the other hand , have their own phone line , and hold times tend to be nonexistent . also , the agents are based in the united states and are extremely helpful . they’re known to do anything in their power to help the passenger . if only this was the case for all united customers !
according to data provided by germany ' s federal environment agency ( uba ) , germany subsidizes air flights to the tune of 12 billion euros per year - mainly by exempting ticket prices from sales tax and jet fuel from energy tax .
the list goes on , but the reason why global services members are treated so well is because they are united’s highest - revenue customers . if you ( and / or your employer ) spend enough on airfare to earn this exclusive status , you’ll enjoy the best customer service , upgrade priority and other perks the airline has to offer .
as the crow flies provides a rare insider’s glimpse into the royal canadian air cadets’ intensive seven - week flight training camp . filmmaker tess girard sat down with one of the female subjects to discuss life before , during and after the film .
this seems to be the most fascinating of all the benefits . if a global services member has an extremely tight connection , an agent will be waiting at the front of the plane to accompany the passenger and baggage into a waiting mercedes - benz , which will drive them directly to the waiting plane . this is the definition of vip services .
i love airplanes . when i was a young and innocent 20 - something , i took a job as a flight attendant with air creebec , a native - owned airline that services cree communities in northern quebec and ontario . it was grand .
[ 3 ] air transport association of america ( ata ) , statement on the state of the airline industry , statement for the record of the sub - committee on aviation , transportation and infrastructure committee , us house of representatives , june 2004 .
suddenly , the air route between the two cities that typically saw dozens of daily flights had none . and as i finished up my reporting on the crisis , i suddenly had a new challenge in trying to figure out how to get home .
figure b . 2 cross - section of mean potential temperature ( k ) from 30° n to the north pole . note that the isentropes slope upward toward the pole . air parcels move along isentropic surfaces when no heat energy is added or subtracted .
it often is important to determine the source of air pollution at a specific location or where pollution from a given source will be located in the future . the basic concept is simple if one has an accurate four - dimensional ( x , y , z , t ) representation of temperature and wind . one simply uses the data to advect air parcels backward or forward over increments of time . accurately applying this concept is very difficult because of the myriad types and scales of processes that affect transport .
european air connectivity in international air transport is equally dependent on foreign and eu airlines . when flying to or from the eu , all air carriers are granted the same rights . this may not always be the case for eu airlines when operating outside of the eu . in the absence of international rules , eu airlines may be subject to practices affecting competition . in the long run this could also affect the eu ' s connectivity , impacting the union ' s competitiveness and limiting the choices of travellers . the commission is therefore proposing a new tool to ensure that eu airlines can compete on the basis of equal opportunities and connectivity can be safeguarded . it will allow the eu to take appropriate action , should certain practices put the eu’s connectivity at risk .
over the course of two weeks , the international civil aviation organization ( icao ) will be struggling with a big question : how can aviation ' s co2 emissions be reduced - even as air travel continues to grow worldwide ? ( 26 . 09 . 2016 )
an important characteristic of free tropospheric air movement is that air parcels experiencing no exchange of heat energy conserve their potential temperature and thus move along surfaces of constant potential temperature ( isentropic surfaces ) . exceptions are regions of cloud cover where radiative processes and water vapor phase changes can be major sources or sinks of heat . in addition , air parcels in the surface boundary layer undergo temperature changes due to exchanges of radiation with earth’s surface . isentropic surfaces slope upward toward the north , with isentropic values increasing vertically ( figure b . 2 ) . as a result poleward moving air conserving its potential temperature tends to ascend , while equatorward - moving air tends to sink . this concept has applications for pollution transport into the arctic ( stohl et al . , 2006 ; law and stohl , 2007 ) . specifically , pollution - laden parcels beginning at low altitudes and heading north that conserve their potential temperature will ascend to the middle troposphere . conversely , for low - level parcels to remain near the surface during northward excursions , they either must be very cold initially or undergo considerable loss of heat due to passing over ice - covered surfaces , especially during the long polar winter seasons . northern eurasia is sufficiently cold that its pollutants can be transported quasi - horizontally to the arctic , making it a major source of arctic pollution during winter .
another priority is to enhance the efficiency of european skies by reducing its fragmentation , which is responsible for eur 3 billion of extra costs a year and 50 million tonnes of co 2 , and by minimising air traffic disruption . today the commission is therefore inviting member states and aviation stakeholders to consider a number of good practices to ensure air service continuity in the event of industrial action . these practices do not question the fundamental right to strike , but rather aim to improve service continuity and minimise disruption to the european network for airlines and passengers . between 2005 and 2016 , more than 243 , 000 flights were cancelled due to industrial action in air traffic management , affecting around 27 million passengers . the good practices put forward by the commission draw on a number of existing practices across the eu member states .
retired air vice - marshal thomas a . lawrence , leader of the 1927 - 28 aerial survey expedition to ungava bay and the hudson strait reminisces on the early days of canadian aviation ( in general ) and the challenges of flying under arctic conditions ( in particular ) .
the arctic lower troposphere is isolated from the rest of the atmosphere by its very cold air , i . e . , the arctic front . however , the front is not zonally symmetric , and can extend to 40°n over eurasia during january . thus , northern eurasia is the major source of arctic pollution during winter . air from further south can be transported to the arctic , but only in the middle and upper troposphere . during summer , the transport is from the north atlantic ocean , across the high arctic , and toward the north pacific .
the kinematic method utilizes the three dimensional wind components at an initial location to advect air parcels over an interval of time . once at the new location and time the wind components at that location and time are used to advect the parcel . the process continues for the desired time period . as with isentropic trajectories the wind data are from numerical meteorological models whose grid spacing typically varies from ~ 50 to 150 km for global data , down to a few km for regional models . the models typically contain approximately 50 levels in the vertical , often with closer spacing near the surface and near tropopause level . an example of 10 - day backward trajectories is shown in figure b . 9 .
since the deregulation of us airlines in 1978 , the pressure on governments to reduce their involvement in the economics of airline competition has spread to most of the rest of the world . the us experience with airline deregulation is perceived to be a success by other countries , as the overall benefits to the vast majority of air travelers have been clearly demonstrated . while us domestic air travel grew at rates significantly greater than prior to deregulation , average real fares declined since deregulation and today remain at less than half of 1978 levels [ 2 ] . several successful new entrant and low - fare airlines had a great impact both on airline pricing practices and on the public’s expectations of low - priced air travel . and , despite worries at the time of deregulation that competitive cost pressures might lead to reduced maintenance standards , there is no statistical evidence that airline safety deteriorated .
the recent growth of low - fare air travel options combined with a reduced willingness on the part of business travelers to pay the higher air fares charged by network carriers played a major role in contributing to the poor financial performance of traditional network airlines , both in the us and in many other countries . in the us , low - fare airlines ( also known as low cost carriers or “lccs” ) exhibited slow but steady growth since deregulation , but low - fare carriers accounted for less than 7 % of us domestic air passengers in 1991 . as shown in figure 3 , lccs grew more rapidly in the us since the mid - 1990s , to the point that they carried 25 % of all us domestic traffic as a group in 2005 [ 4 ] . the largest low - fare airlines in the us industry include southwest , jetblue , airtran , and frontier .
as the pbl collapses with the onset of evening , pollutants that were transported aloft by turbulence remain , forming a residual layer ( stull , 1988 ) that is decoupled from the surface and thereby experiences stronger wind speeds than air within the pbl ( angevine et al . 1996 ) . most turbulence in the free troposphere ( above the pbl ) is produced by an optimum combination of temperature lapse rate and the degree to which the prevailing winds vary with height ( wind shear ) . although the forcing mechanisms differ , the effect is the same—turbulence in the free atmosphere thoroughly mixes the air .
global flow patterns in the middle and upper troposphere ( figure b . 5 ) are simpler than those near the surface . prominent features are easterly flow in the deep tropics , clockwise flow around the semipermanent high - pressure regions in the subtropics , and circumpolar cyclonic flow . the prevailing westerlies , which contain north to south undulations cover a major portion of the northern hemisphere . the westerlies are stronger during winter than summer .
stability that suppresses vertical motion . layers containing temperature inversions ( a negative lapse rate ) are very stable , greatly inhibiting vertical transport and promoting the accumulation of pollutants . inversions in the troposphere can occur when the surface is colder than the overlying air and in subsiding air , which occurs in regions of high pressure . the stratosphere is a permanently stable region , with a near zero lapse rate between 11 and 20 km and increasingly negative ( stable ) rates above . as a result of this stability pollutants injected into the stratosphere tend to remain there for much longer periods than in the troposphere .
weisel cp , zhang j , turpin bj , et al . boston , ma : health effects institute ; 2005 . relationships of indoor , outdoor , and personal air ( riopa ) . part i . collection methods and descriptive analyses . research report no . 1041 - 5505 ; pp . 1–107 .
this one’s about another canadair plane , the challenger . a totally new type of aircraft , this super - executive jet was faster , cheaper to fly , and more comfortable than any other business jet out there . would it make it off the drawing board and into the air ? watch and see .
i learned to appreciate the thrill and immediacy of small aircrafts ( king air 100s , dhc - 3 otters ) but more importantly , to trust maintenance and flight crews to keep us safe and sound despite the mayhem that comes with flying propeller airplanes ( we flew mostly dhc - 8 - 100s ) into northern canada’s winter wonderland .
however , for those in global services , an award ticket can be created if there are seats available in the t and / or r buckets ( though some reports state that r isn’t always guaranteed to work ) . to see what seats are available in what buckets , log in to your united account and turn on expert mode . then , when you search for tickets based on price , you can see all the fare buckets and the number of seats in each bucket .
turbulence is the prime example of microscale circulations . turbulence is important in pollution transport because it can thoroughly mix the air and its pollutants . a well - mixed layer is characterized by vertically uniform concentrations of pollutants , water vapor , and potential temperature . the depth of the mixed layer is denoted the planetary boundary layer ( pbl ) .
the dry air intrusion ( di ) of a middle - latitude cyclone originates in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere ( figure b . 6 ) . it is located on the poleward side of the cyclone and descends into the middle to lower troposphere . the di is characterized by subsidence and often by regions of much lower tropopause height ( tropopause folds ) that are related to the jet stream aloft . thus , the di can transport upper tropospheric or stratospheric air into the middle or lower troposphere . some authors have described a cold , dry post - cold - frontal airstream in the middle to lower troposphere beneath the di and behind the surface cold front ( cooper et al . , 2001 ) .
in terms of aircraft productivity , the legacy carriers also made big gains , stemming in large part from the shift of larger and longer - range aircraft to international routes . domestically , they tried to replicate the productivity strategies of lccs , by eliminating fixed connecting banks at many hubs and moving to “continuous” or “rolling” banks that shortened aircraft ground times . still , despite all of their efforts to improve aircraft productivity , the legacy carriers have not been able to match the utilization rates ( block hours per day of aircraft operation ) that lccs have been achieving ( figure 6 ) . for example , southwest and jet blue continue to hold a clear advantage in this measure of productivity [ 5 ]
this next film tackles a vastly more sombre topic : the deeds of canadian pilots who served in the air force bomber command in britain during wwii . told they would be targeting factories and military targets , the airmen were actually ordered to drop their payloads on civilians in an attempt to annihilate the enemy . sensitive souls be warned : viewer discretion is advised .
figure b . 8 cross section perpendicular to a squall line ( adapted from houze et al . , 1989 ) . large hollow arrows identify the ascending front to rear inflow ( left ) and core updraft transporting air to the cloud top and forward anvil ( right ) . black arrows represent the rear inflow jet supporting the cold pool generation directly below the core updraft .
in summary , deep convection is a very efficient transporter of boundary layer air to the free troposphere ( dickerson et al . , 1987 ; park et al . , 2001 ) . cotton et al . ( 1995 ) estimated an annual flux of 4 . 95 × 10 1 9 kg of boundary layer air by cloud systems ( including extratropical cyclones ) , which represents a venting of the entire boundary layer about 90 times a year . calculations for the central united states suggest that nearly 50 percent of boundary layer co is transported to the free troposphere by deep convection during summer ( thompson et al . , 1994 ) , while a typical middle latitude squall line was found to transport of 9 . 9 × 10 3 tons of co out of
on a global scale and especially in the united states , the airline industry has been in a financial crisis for much of this new century . the problems that began with the economic downturn at the beginning of 2001 reached almost catastrophic proportions after the terror attacks of september 11 , 2001 . in the united states alone , the industry posted cumulative net losses of over $ 40 billion from 2001 to 2005 , and only in 2006 was it able to return to the black with a total net profit of just over $ 3 billion [ 2 ] .
also , global services members can guarantee upgrades at time of booking if the pn fare code is available at that time . finally , complimentary upgrades also book into the pn fare code at 120 hours before the flight ; one non - gs companion on the same reservation is eligible for upgrade into pn as well . the exception is waitlisting , which puts gs members at the top of the waitlist and clear as soon as pn availability opens up , though our own zach honig wrote about a recent “surprise and delight” program that has been implemented for elites recently .
mountain and valley circulations also are diurnally varying mesoscale thermal circulations . in this case the horizontal temperature gradient is due to altitude differences . during the day , the mountains act as an elevated heat source , causing air and its pollutants to rise up the side of the sloping terrain . under summertime fair weather conditions three times the volume of the valley can be lofted into the free troposphere each day ( henne et al . , 2004 ) . if conditions are favorable , the ascent can lead to thunderstorm development along the mountain tops . at higher altitudes away from the mountains the air sinks into the surrounding valleys . at night the horizontal temperature gradient reverses , producing downslope flow into the nearby valley that is assisted by gravity . this can lead to an accumulation of pollutants in the valley .
doha ' s brand - new hamad international airport , which cost over $ 15 billion to build , was quiet on friday afternoon when i set out to return home . but the line at the oman air counters moved slowly . staff there said most catching flights were those trying to go to dubai . typically , business travelers and those working in the region routinely shuttle between cities with relative ease .
in the us airline industry , approximately 100 certificated passenger airlines operate over 11 million flight departures per year , and carry over one - third of the world’s total air traffic – us airlines enplaned 745 million passengers in 2006 . us airlines reported over $ 160 billion in total revenues , with approximately 545 , 000 employees and over 8 , 000 aircraft operating 31 , 000 flights per day [ 2 ] . the economic impacts of the airline industry range from its direct effects on airline employment , company profitability and net worth to the less direct but very important effects on the aircraft manufacturing industry , airports , and tourism industries , not to mention the economic impact on virtually every other industry that the ability to travel by air generates . commercial aviation contributes 8 percent of the us gross domestic product , according to recent estimates [ 3 ] .
options on other airlines had me traveling over 10 hours . that was too much . but i got lucky when a last - minute cancellation got me on an oman air flight to muscat , the capital of the sultanate . that flight and another to dubai cost 1 , 805 dirhams ( $ 490 ) . it still was a lot , but i was happy to get a ticket . the airline has since increased the frequency of its flights to doha .
low - pressure areas are important regions of strong horizontal and vertical pollution transport . locations of cyclone initiation ( cyclogenesis ) and their subsequent storm tracks are important in determining the routes of long - range pollution transport . once a cyclone begins to form it is “steered” by upper tropospheric flow patterns , generally toward the east . important areas of cyclogenesis are located over eastern asia and the western pacific ocean , as well as the east coast of north america . cyclones forming in these areas are important mechanisms for transporting pollutants from the east coasts of both asia and north america ( merrill and moody , 1996 ; cooper et al . , 2002a , b ; stohl et al . , 2002 ) . another preferred region of cyclogenesis is downwind of major mountain ranges such as the rocky mountains or the alps . it is noteworthy that europe and western asia are not major regions of cyclone formation or transit .
without mountain and valley circulations mountain ranges could block the horizontal transport of pollutants . if the daytime upslope flow is sufficiently strong , the polluted air can rise up and over the mountains and be transported away from its source by the stronger winds aloft . mexico city is a prime example of where terrain - induced circulations strongly affect pollution concentrations ( fast et al . , 2007 ; lei et al . , 2007 ; de foy et al . , 2008 ) .
boundary layer turbulence appears to be the major source of vertical transport in parts of asia . dickerson et al . ( 2007 ) found that the warm - sector pbl air ahead of a cold front was highly polluted while in the free troposphere , concentrations of trace gases and aerosols were less but still well above background . they concluded that dry convection appears to dominate vertical transport , with warm conveyor belts first coming into play as the cyclonic systems move off the coast .
synoptic circulation features have sizes of ~ 1 , 000 - 2 , 000 km and lifetimes of several days to a week . transient middle - latitude cyclones ( lows ) and anticyclones ( highs ) are prime examples of these circulations . anticyclones generally are regions of tranquil weather with sinking air that leads to relatively cloud - free skies and stable conditions that suppress mixing and tend to trap pollutants . their light winds also reduce horizontal transport . anticyclones with little forward motion allow these stagnating conditions to persist over days or even weeks .
more generally , the long - range intercontinental transport of pollutants can be considered a two - step process . first , the pollutants must be transported vertically out of the boundary layer where winds are relatively light and into the free troposphere where winds are stronger , especially near the jet stream . once in the free troposphere the pollutants are transported quasi - horizontally by larger wind systems such as the prevailing westerlies . the strength of the winds determines how rapidly the transport will occur , and there can be considerable mixing with stratospheric air above the troposphere .
the airline industry is in the midst of a dramatic restructuring that involves even more fundamental changes than those experienced following its deregulation in 1978 . yet , nearly three decades after deregulation – and after multiple cycles of financial successes and failures – the industry remains fragile . competitive pressure from low - cost carriers , the loss of consumer confidence in the air transportation system’s reliability and operating performance , and the transparency of pricing facilitated by the internet and online travel distribution channels have all contributed to a precipitous decline in average fares and a significant impact on airline revenues .


dreaming machine ( 夢みる機械 yume miru kikai ) is an unfinished japanese anime fantasy-adventure film by satoshi kon .

it would have been the director 's fifth feature film .

after kon 's death on august 24 , 2010 , production continued at madhouse , where the team used satoshi kon 's directorial tapes and notes to guide them to completing the film , though the main work such as storyboards and script was already complete .

in august 2011 , madhouse founder masao maruyama revealed that production of the film had been halted due to lack of finances .

only 600 of 1,500 shots have been animated .

however , maruyama still intends to finish the film , however long it takes .

dreaming machine

a selection of dreams from “dreaming machine # 2” installations . ben bogart 2009 / 2010
[ … ] actress a biography type work documenting his journey to his second film . and , of course , dreaming machine , his final project that’s still in development [ … ]
masao maruyama , founder of animation studio madhouse , appeared at otakon 2011 this morning with word on his new independent studio , mappa , satoshi kon ' s dreaming machine , and more .
this video presents a selection of dreams from various
dreaming machine # 2
installations in hong kong , são paulo and montréal . from each of these installations , two dreams have been selected .
officially , dreaming machine remains in production , but only about half the film had been completed by the time of kon’s death and madhouse is holding out for a director of kon’s immense talent to finish the job .
can a machine dream ? dreaming is the result of complex interactions between body , thought and memory . during the day , the dreaming machine examines its visual context and records stimuli that will then inspire its
musings
. enabled by an artificial intelligence , and a memory model , the system’s free associations , or “dreams” , are shown to the audience . the system externalizes that which usually belongs to the screen of our thoughts .
red guy discovers a machine with monitors displaying yellow guy being tormented by another singing object , and the machines controls cause other singing objects to appear . when red guy unplugs the machine , it apparently resets reality and / or causes time to finally start moving forward again .
in one batman beyond episode , a villain traded rides on his lotus - eater machine for stolen loot brought in by mostly unhappy teens . the machine also slowly killed them while letting them temporarily experience their greatest wishes .
abducted a bunch of unicorn foals , chopped off their horns , and forced then into a lotus - eater machine .
the titular machine in kurt vonnegut ' s the euphio question gives such pleasure to listeners that they ignore everything else .
it turns out that the lotus eater machine is being used to rehabilitate the cast from teenage thugs to model citizens .
, ban ' s evil eye technique can in fact be used as a lotus eater machine . often , ban subtly changes the
the staff at madhouse studios are doing just that , as production is once again gearing up on the dreaming machine ( yume - miru kikai ) after a temporary suspension . taking over directing duties is character designer and chief animation director yoshimi itazu , who has been closely involved in the film’s creation from the very beginning .
details on dreaming machine’s plot have been sparse , but what kon talked about was a film for a younger audience starring robots going on a road trip . at the time of his death just over a third of the film had been animated with kon leaving detailed instructions on how to complete it . in the following years we’ve heard small snippets of information about the film’s progress . the head of madhouse inc . masao maruyama assured fans that no matter what the film would be completed . but in 2011 he spoke of financial difficulties putting dreaming machine on hold . he later spoke 2015 that another major hurdle was finding a director on par with kon to take the reigns . it’s admirable that maruyama wants to honor this project with such dedication , but i fear dreaming machine may never see the light of day . or even worse , it’ll end up like the thief and the cobbler with decades of work creating a nonsense film that is a pale shadow of what it was meant to be .
the late satoshi kon‘s family has posted a heartbreaking final message from the anime director on his website . blogger makiko itoh has translated the document , a selection from which is here : my biggest regret is the film “the dreaming machine . ” i’m worried not only about the film itself , but the staff who i was able [ … ]
colonel hein puts adam jensen in a
dream catcher machine
in the mass effect / deus ex human revolution crossover mass effect human revolution .
there has been no news about the film since 2012 , but one of the project leads , kenji itoso , recently crowdfunded a separate film , santa company , on kickstarter . in an interview in december 2014 , itoso said he felt comfortable taking a break from dreaming machine only because satoshi kon himself had urged him not to obsess too much about completing the project .
. he is able to escape as he realizes that he is able to control what happens . the episode ends with enoch trapped in the machine and
“dreaming machine # 3” is a site - specific generative installation in the series of “context machines” ( bogart , 2011 , 2013 ) and perceives the visual context of installation through a video camera and generates images presented to the viewer . these images represent the phenomenological experience of images we hold in our minds . the authors have developed an integrative theory ( bogart 2013 ) that links perception , mental - imagery , mind - wandering , dreaming and spontaneous creativity into a single conception of simulation that is supported by neurological evidence . the dreaming machine is an artwork and computational model that realizes the integrative theory . the system uses artificial intelligence methods to make sense of incoming visual material and learns objects and patterns that are used to simulate external reality . the result of the simulation is presented to the viewer as a moving image . the simulation is presented in three distinct modes : in the perceptual mode , the viewer sees a reconstruction of the camera’s image build up from already learned components . in the mind - wandering mode , a relatively static camera image causes an hallucinatory response where imagined images , constructed from learned components , are superimposed on the perceptual image . in the dreaming mode , the absence of external information ( due to darkness ) leads to totally fabricated images that simulate external reality . these dreaming images diverge from physical reality because they are no longer anchored in external sensory information and because the simulator is unable to perfectly reproduce reality .
susumu hirasawa - dreaming machine - hen gen jizai version ( heavy string ) hirasawa solo works arranged in strings - oriented style . . it is created for
the aggregated past kangenshuigi 8760 hours
, the 20th anniversary of susumu hirasawa ' s solo debut and the 30th anniversary of p - model ' s debut . tracklist for the album is : 01 : machine dreams 02 : siren * siren * 03 : mother 04 : venus 05 : caravanserai bandiria 06 : tobira島 ( paraneshian circle ) 07 : pacific rim camouflage net
that’s not a direct order , but anyone familiar with satoshi kon’s work—from perfect blue to paprika —would be hard - pressed not to show at least a little excitement over these screens for the dreaming machine ( yume miru kikai ) . even without much in the way of plot information aside from it being a sci - fi feature suitable for kids , the title alone piques my interest .
in the my little pony friendship is magic fanfic getting back on your hooves , checker monarch draws the mane six into a lotus - eater machine trap .
elphaba has been captured by the nome king and is being slowly coerced into a deal with the devil through a tailor - made lotus - eater machine .
in the naruto / my little pony friendship is magic crossover friendship contract , rarity has a technique that creates effects similar to a lotus - eater machine .
the entire arcadia district is one big lotus eater machine ; everyone is really strapped into chairs and hooked up to computers while living in a virtual paradise .
susumu hirasawa , whose song
dreaming machine
( from the ghost in science ) is the source of the film ' title , said :
i never received an official order from kon . it ' s an unspoken agreement of sorts . there are scenes where he specifically requested a certain track to be used , but there are also many parts where there are no such directions , so it falls to me to choose the songs . this is a difficult task . but we must carry out his dying request , to complete this work , even without a director to question
. on november 10 , 2010 , the album hen - gen - ji - zai , which features a rerecording of
dreaming machine
made two months before kon ' s death , was released by hirasawa ' s labels .
cosmo entelechia , the illusory world where the big bad wants to put all the residents of mundus magicus , is a lotus eater machine tailored to each person affected .
in the kirby fanfic the dream land story , dark matter possesses him and puts him into a hellish dreamlike state , akin to a inverse lotus - eater machine .
i haven ' t been idly waiting for death , even now i ' m thinking with my weak brain of ways to let the work live even after i am gone . but they are all shallow ideas . when i told maruyama - san about my concerns about
dreaming machine
, he just said
don ' t worry . we ' ll figure out something , so don ' t worry .
when a machine that allows therapists to enter their patients ' dreams is stolen , all hell breaks loose . only a young female therapist , paprika , can stop it .
in
waking moments
, telepathic aliens who exist primarily in a dreaming state invade the crew ' s dreams , forcing them to all join into a single group dream that seems totally real , in order to attack them . only chakotay , the magical native american , knows it is a dream at first , and uses his lucid dreaming technique to control the dream world . chakotay is able , with the holographic doctor ' s help , to threaten the sleeping aliens into waking the rest of the crew .
lasts several subjective days and reunites him with his murdered girlfriend ; the machine breaks down , though , since he ' s just as miserable and lonely with her as without .
taking questions at otakon 2015 , mappa and madhouse founder masao maruyama indicated that anime director satoshi kon ' s incomplete final work , yume miru kikai ( dreaming machine ) is still in production
in theory .
however , while financing the project is a considerable challenge , the more difficult constraint is finding talent comparable to kon ' s . unfortunately , at the current time , no one is able to match kon ' s skill level .
inverted in
the gamekeeper
, where instead of being an idyllic paradise , the machine - created realm forces jack and daniel to repeatedly relive the worst moments of their past .
august 24 , 2010 was a very grim day . i remember logging into facebook and seeing a note from kon’s page explaining how he’d been diagnosed with cancer earlier in the year and knew it was only a matter of time until he passed . it was tragic reading someone’s own words talking about their disease knowing this would be read by fans after his death . once the initial shock had worn off i was left wondering what this meant for his latest project “dreaming machine” .
future imperfect
: riker is trapped in a lotus eater machine by a benevolent captor who just wants to be friends with him . when he realizes it the first time , it creates a second lotus eater machine , in which he ' s a prisoner of a recurring enemy romulan who was behind the first one as well . both times inconsistencies / inaccuracies are what tip riker off .
first and foremost is the question of how to find money to finish the 900 shots left to be animated . darren aronofsky is a professed fan of satoshi kon having bought the remake rights for perfect blue just to re - create a single moment in requiem for a dream . and if you look at his film black swan you can see even stronger similarities to perfect blue . christopher nolan also acknowledged his film inception took inspiration from kon’s paprika . if these two filmmakers united they’d be able to get the budget necessary to complete dreaming machine in no time . the harder aspect is finding a director to take over the project . with money in place i assume maruyama could find a director or even an entire team of directors who under his supervision would match kon’s style . whatever happens i hope to see the final piece of work from a master artist . what about you ? do you think dreaming machine should be completed ? or is it for the best it’s forgotten with kon no longer at the helm ?
a rather nasty one was inflicted on pixie . some demons used their magic to make her own illusory powers trick her and her friends . she was essentially the power source for her own lotus eater machine .
during the course of the die anstalt fanfic a posse ad esse , dr wood perfects a your mind makes it real - style technique and wants to use it to create an inverse lotus - eater machine .
the main characters inhabit a shared lotus eater machine universe , while in the outside world their bodies slowly dehydrate . it is left unclear whether they go on living in the fantasy forever even after their bodies die
when asked about the status of satoshi kon ' s dreaming machine , he began ,
well , that question was one of the reasons i was reluctant to return [ to the convention ] , but i knew it was a question i would have to answer so i gathered my courage to come here and answer it . to be blunt , the project is on hold . but i do want to go ahead with dreaming machine ―that ' s why i have my new studio now .
he went on to explain that the biggest reason the project is on hold is money , but seems absolutely dedicated to raising some ,
i don ' t care how many years it ' s going to take ; i will get the financing required to complete the title . and currently about 600 cuts of the film [ have ] been done , but there [ are ] still about 900 to go .
mappa is meant to be a complementary studio to madhouse , since madhouse finds some projects difficult to do due to financing issues .
natsuki gets trapped inside yukariko ' s lotus - eater machine , and has an experience in which her parents are still alive and living with her , while she has also met all her friends at fuuka academy .
the other world is in maki ' s imagination , but it ' s real at the same time . confused ? the ( first ) big bad used his reality warper machine to make her dreams come true .
though there is still minimal plot information available for paprika director satoshi kon ' s new kid - friendly science fiction animated feature the dreaming machine the official website and blog have just been updated with the first images released from the film . kon in kid - friendly mode is an interesting thing . . . there are elements of the design work that are clearly familiar to fans of his work but all of it run through a slightly different filter . i love the look of this and simply can ' t wait to see it in motion .
the official site for satoshi kon’s last anime film yume - miru kikai ( dreaming machine ) went offline in late 2012 . ( urltoken ) . the official blog is still alive , but nothing has been posted since june 15th , 2011 . after his death on august 24 , 2010 , the anime studio madhouse tried to finish the film and officially announced it resumed production on the film in november 2010 . masao maruyama , the founder of madhouse , indicated that production of the film had been halted due to lack of finances at otakon in august 2011 .
inverted in the naruto peggy sue fic time and again , where naruto initially does not believe he has been transported to his 12 - year old body , thinking it to be some kind of lotus - eater machine instead .
they manage to escape the program , and create a small subroutine so that moriarty , still living in his dream , can dream it for as long as he wants with the love he found in his lotus eater machine .
basically the whole plot of final fantasy tactics advance is one for most of the main cast . marche , the playable protagonist , is in a dream world against his will while his friends and brother wish to stay in the dream because they are happier in it . towards the end , marche even says that he is done dreaming .
all of his films are worth you time , effort , and energy . i think his final film , paprika ( 2006 ) is the most readily available , but perfect blue ( 1997 ) , millennium actress ( 2001 ) , tokyo godfathers ( 2003 ) , and the tv show paranoia agent ( 2004 ) , all show a master at work and are unforgettable pieces of work . kon died in 2010 and it seems less and less likely we’ll ever see anything from his last project , dreaming machine . seriously , he’s up there with kurosawa and miyazaki for japanese filmmaking greats .
while taking questions at otakon 2015 , mappa and madhouse founder masao maruyama indicated that anime director satoshi kon’s incomplete final film , yume miru kikai ( dreaming machine ) is still in production , well sorta . however , getting enough money to finance the film is one considerable challenge , the more difficult constraint is finding someone as talented as satoshi kon to pick up the pieces and do it justice . unfortunately , at the current time , no one is able to match kon’s skill level . maybe someday soon we’ll have someone step up and take the torch that’s been upheld for too long .
in batman ' s final crisis story arc , evil scientists working for darkseid put batman in a lotus eater machine so they can take advantage of his psyche for their own ends . ( not a pleasant one . . . the machine runs him through slightly off - kilter events from his life as batman , with a focus on the worst experiences . ) batman deduces what is going on and is able to completely destroy all of their equipment and ruin their plans without even waking up .
an early archie comics sonic the hedgehog comic has robotnik trapping the freedom fighters in such a machine , where on top of the traditional ideal world , it actually changed to meet its inhabitants ' wishes . after figuring it out , sonic pushes the machine ' s
user - friendly
nature to its limit , takes control of robotnik ' s war machines ( currently on their way to raze knothole ) , and forces robotnik to let them go by threatening to turn them on robotropolis .
in chaos card captor sakura ' s second chapter , sakura and kero are trapped in a inverse lotus - eater machine in the form of the nightmare card , which plays out extreme forms of sakura ' s insecurities and feeds off of them .
triple lotus eater machine . first the protagonist is placed in a vr paradise and must escape . next comes a vr hell , which is also escapable . ( given the lack of real torments and the presence of challenges , this is really a puzzle - solving adventurer ' s lotus eater machine in disguise . ) finally , after the villain ' s apparent defeat , it is revealed that no escape has been made , and the player must act within the illusion to defeat the villain .
as for the plot of dreaming machine , maruyama was ready to reveal some details ,
i haven ' t really talked about what the film is about , but i think i can talk about it today .
apparently the movie starts with a horrible tsunami that wipes out an whole town , and a robot goes on a journey to seek energy .
this is an orginal story that satoshi kon came up with 2 years ago [ … ] and it happened in japan this year . i ' m starting to think that certain creators do have the ability to see what ' s coming in the future .
in a way , instrumentality can be considered a lotus - eater machine - a world born from every human soul in existence uniting to cancel out each other ' s fallacies and fears of loneliness to achieve perfect happiness through a twisted , forced evolution .
on heroes , matt parkman ' s father maury is a living lotus - eater machine . unfortunately for his victims , he doesn ' t trap them in pleasant scenarios , giving rise to his in - series nickname :
the nightmare man .
also by alan moore , dark age volume 2 of marvelman ( aka miracleman ) recasts the character ' s silver age adventures as lotus eater machine dreams invented to keep him and his fellow post - humans in line while they were being studied and programmed .
in the beginning . a crew from earth land on mars , which looks like ohio at the turn of the 20th century . however , when their long lost dead relatives start appearing , it becomes more of a lotus eater machine story . it has a
an axis powers hetalia fanfic a dream is a wish your heart makes has denmark being ensnared by a black mercy and dreaming where he is living in the perfect world . unfortunately for him , as the rest of the nordics and other countries tries to wake him up , his perfect world descends into a horrifying nightmare , as the black mercy is slowly draining his life at the same time .
act ii and act iii get increasingly bizarre until they are revealed as a lotus eater machine hallucination brought on by a hallucinogen that links all the affected characters in a pleasant dreamworld . after finding out , lister is tempted to stay but ultimately he opts for the real thing .
in mx0 , one of magical aptitude test is to leave a lotus eater machine room within 10 minutes . if you do that , you ' ll forget everything that happened in there , and if you don ' t , you ' ll keep your memories but fail the test .
actually , they ' re being held prisoner by another character who is using something ; a machine , a platonic cave , or other phlebotinum to cause very intense and very realistic hallucinations . some monsters even weaponize the ability to project your heart ' s desire to snatch up easy prey .
during fall of the hulks , the intelligencia traps bruce — and the other seven smartest men in the world — in a lotus - eater machine in order to drain their intellects . not all that surprisingly , bruce is married to betty , has kids , and has killed the hulk .
in
the lotus - engine
( 1940 ) space explorers fall into the inadvertent trap of an alien machine which offers them an illusion of paradise . since they receive neither food nor water while victims of the illusion , they must break its spell quickly if they hope to survive .
code geass gives this trope a twist by having the lotus eater machine actually be a highly addictive drug , called refrain . it ' s popular amongst the conquered japanese ( and may have been developed specifically as a weapon against them ) , since it causes the user to relive happy memories .
quark . in
goodbye polumbus
, captain quark is sent to investigate a planet from which no - one has returned , and finds it under the influence of a lotus - eater machine in an evil gorgon plot to lure away the top scientists and space captains . quark finds himself tempted by a woman who looks just like one he fell in love with at the academy , but he manfully resists and destroys the machine , only to find the beautiful woman he was smooching is actually an ugly alien . quark hastily beams up before she can show her gratitude for freeing her people .
the dream machine
( 夢みる機械 ) is the unfinished film which he left behind . less than half of it has been animated , and currently there isn ' t enough money for production to continue . ( here is a link to some production images , just navigate to
gallery
)
done slightly differently in the legend of william tell when there is no actual machine . instead a whole valley uses this . the heroes get everything they ever wanted , but the illusions all turn nasty and try to kill them , sometimes overlapping with one person ' s illusion going after another person .
kon would complete one last directorial effort , a one - minute short in 2008 for the japanese tv station nhk , before tragedy struck . in may 2010 , he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer while working at madhouse on his next project , dreaming machine . the news was a shock to everyone around him as he had appeared in good health during recent public appearances . by august 24 of that year , he was dead . in a heartbreaking goodbye to friends , fans and family , he said the following : “i’ve been able to do what i want as an anime director , achieve my goals , and get some good reviews . i do feel regret that my films didn’t make a lot of money , but i think they got what they deserved . ”
in the hulk and the agents of smash episode
it ' s a wonderful smash
, the agents of s . m . a . s . h . are put in a lotus eater machine by the collector , in which they are acclaimed as heroes and have a skyscraper headquarters in new york ( taller than avengers tower ) . the guardians of the galaxy are also in the machine , where they have successfully brought peace to the galaxy . rocket raccoon escapes and rescues the others , because the collector ' s idea of his perfect world was based on the assumption that he was actually a raccoon .
the soul eater fanfic breaking point features an inverse lotus - eater machine . in their battle in the center of the mind , medusa is able to trap chrona inside his worst memory and make him relive it from the beginning , over and over , to weaken his soul so she can take his body .
part of a minor subplot in the novel house of suns by alastair reynolds . one character plays in a virtual reality game which malfunctions and replaces his personality with that of his game character . eventually he has to be wired permanently into the machine as he can ' t function properly outside it any more .
by the spiders while babbling happily to herself . he eventually rejects the hospital reality as a lotus eater machine ( and reasons that if there ' s any chance the colony still needs to be saved , he has to take it ) , finds a way to escape from the wrecked ship and delivers the vaccine .
ends with the revelation that the protagonist actually committed suicide early on and was cryogenically frozen and put into a state of lucid dreaming where he lives out his fantasy life , gets the girl and gets an operation which fixes his disfigurement . . . however , the dream turns into a nightmare which culminates in him accidentally killing his girlfriend . at the end he jumps off a building in order to wake himself up despite being given the choice to have everything fixed so that the dream would be happy again .
in the adventure time episode
power animal
, gnomes capture finn and use his imagination to power a giant machine that will swap the overworld and the underground . finn is mostly done for , but jake comes to the rescue by allowing a placated party god to turn him into the eponymous being , wrecking the lem with dionysian disregard .
episode
perchance to dream
, batman wakes up in a world where his parents never died , he never became batman , and instead he ended up hitched with selina kyle ( who wasn ' t catwoman either ) . he eventually figures it out by realizing that he couldn ' t read anything ( he explains reading and dreaming are handled by opposite areas of the brain ) . it quickly becomes a nightmare as there ' s somebody else playing the role of batman in said world . interestingly in that case ,
because of the nature of this trope , it often lends itself to doubts after the characters ' escape ' . sometimes it isn ' t clear whether their escape is genuine or not . this can range from epileptic trees theories by a handful of viewers , all the way up to extreme canon cases of a dream within a dream . in this tone , a particularly fridge horrific ending for a villain ( or a hero ) may see them fall under the spell of the machine , but only for a second before escaping , defeating their enemies , and re - making the world in their image . cut back to reality , where they ' re still under the thrall of the machine .
when director satoshi kon began work on the dreaming machine ( yume - miru kikai ) he knew something that his fans around the globe did not : that he was suffering from a terminal illness and there was a very real possibility that he would not survive until the end of production . and so he asked for - and received - a very simple promise from production company madhouse studios . he simply wanted to know that the studio would finish the film no matter what happened to him . kon ' s passing in august led to a temporary suspension of production on the picture but now madhouse is making good on that promise with word that character designer and chief animation director yoshimi itazu has been given the role of acting director and production has resumed . itazu ' s selection is a good one as it places someone who has been intimately involved with the creation of the
sgt frog episode 3 : after trying various methods to disguise keroro so he can go outside , tamama tries the plant
dreaming alpha
, which sticks its tentacles into keroro ' s head and makes him hallucinate that he ' s in a wonderful field of flowers , but almost instantly drains his body away . ( the plant itself is oddly similar to the one in the alan moore story . ) in the english dub , it ' s explicitly referred to as the ' keronian purple mercy lotus - eating lotus ' .
“time machines” as a subtitle refers to the ultimate purpose of these vast scientific instruments greenberg photographs , to understand the basic structure of the cosmos and take us back to the big bang . truly , in purpose no less than appearance , h . g . wells’s time machine and that delorean in the “back to the future” movies are mere tinkertoys by comparison .
the
dib ' s wonderful life of doom
episode of invader zim : zim traps dib in a lotus - eater machine just to find out if it was he who threw a muffin at him . after extracting the information , zim releases his nemesis in a fit of genre blindness , instead of finishing him . but not before hitting him with a counter muffin . from a cannon .
however , another character trapped there doesn ' t want to leave the machine — and knows that it ' s all an illusion - as after having been horrifically mangled in a crash the aliens were able to restore the illusion of her original beautiful appearance . they give her a illusory captain pike to live with until the real pike returns to the planet in a later episode made up of the original pilot .
suffers no ill effects besides , well , being dead . however , because he has no pulse and heartbeat , and because the sun stays in the same place in the sky , he ' s unaware of time ' s passing . when he finds out that it ' s been three months since he died , he freaks out as most people who discover they ' re in a lotus eater machine do .
i would like to organize a fundraiser for this film , but there ' s no way i can do it alone . specifically , i need some people who can read and write japanese in order to get in touch with the producers of
the dream machine .
this is critical , because even if we raise the money , we need a way to get it to the people who can use it .
given an interesting twist in an episode ( apparently a take - off of the star trek : the next generation episode
remember me
) where the entire populace of eureka is slowly disappearing around sheriff carter , consumed by strange glowing portals , leaving him as the only one who even remembers them existing in the first place . turns out he ' s hooked himself up to a prototype virtual reality psychoanalysis machine , which has trapped him in its illusion in a somewhat overzealous attempt to force him to come to terms with his fear of losing his daughter ( at the time , the subject of a custody dispute between himself and his ex - wife ) . he breaks the spell by taking her to the edge of town and leading her into one of the portals , at which point the machine declares him cured and allows him to wake up .
in arthur c clarke ' s novella the lion of comarre , the protagonist discovers that
comarre
, a rumored place that is occasionally sought out by people who are never seen again , is a robotic lotus eater machine facility . the government tries to keep the truth hidden , and to keep people away — but not very hard , as it ' s considered a good safety valve for those who would otherwise be disruptive .
interestingly , brock knows full well what the machine is capable of , having dived in to throw another to safety . he ' s apparently enjoying an eternal battle against countless ninjas , dinosaurs , monsters , robots , and ninja robots riding dinosaurs . at least for a while until he yells out
okay already ! geez !
, at which point they all vanish , and molotov cocktease shows up , finally giving herself to him .
) used this trope in his jonni future stories . one of jonni ' s enemies is the empress of the end , who trades people all their earthly possessions to experience a ( fatal ) experience of their heart ' s greatest desire . a surprising number of people willingly make this trade , but when the empress kidnaps jonni ' s sidekick , jermaal van pavane the paraman and forcibly submits him to the machine , she has to rescue him .
the tick in
evil sits down for a moment
: the villain traps the tick in the
world ' s comfiest chair ,
which is so comfy that nobody ever wants to stand up again after sitting in it . no imaginary worlds or anything are involved ; it ' s just that comfy . the episode ends ( like most serious examples of this trope ) with the villain getting trapped in her own lotus - eater machine .
takes place entirely within a lotus eater machine , and although the viewers know this from the very start , the story revolves around the main characters figuring this out . it might not seem perfect at first ( there ' s a three - way gang war going on , and violence is common ) but as one character puts it ,
shibuya has everything that you young people want : the latest styles , fashions , entertainment , you name it .
suzumi gets put under one that mentally returns her to a happier time , when her husband was still alive and the two were excitedly awaiting their first child . while the machine is destroyed , she willingly remains behind because she is happy . it isn ' t until yuuhi forces her to remember that kazuma is dead that she gets shaken out of her stupor , also remembering how she chose to continue to live to take care of her brother - in - law .
codename kids next door : a villain makes numbuh one think he ' s on an island inhabited only by kids and only discovers there ' s a glitch in the matrix during a pool party . in the end , the machine is put on the villain , and , in a rarity for this trope , this villain is left aware of this and miserable . it ' s later revealed that the knd scientists kept the device to use for a secret test of character .
that ' s what kusanagi finds herself becoming at the end of the film — not an individual , and not a hybrid borne of her merger with project 2501 , but a process incarnate , one borne of all that she and 2501 both were . where is she to go from there ? that ' s not only her question anymore , but all of ours — and not just at this particular moment in time , when the possibilities of fusing human and machine intelligence grow ever closer , but in every moment through human history when we embraced some irreversible change . add fire to the human race and you have a new human race ; likewise , add machines and machine intelligence , and you have something that is no less post - human . add kusanagi to the puppet master , and what ghost hatches from that shell ? from what little we see , a creature of curiosity and intelligence , and — i hope — of compassion as well . it had better be , for all our sakes .
“the title will be yume - miru kikai . in english , it will be the dream machine . on the surface , it’s going to be a fantasy - adventure targeted at younger audiences . however , it will also be a film that people who have seen our films up to this point will be able to enjoy . so it will be an adventure that even older audiences can appreciate . there will be no human characters in the film ; only robots . it’ll be like a “road movie ” for robots . ”
the title will be yume - miru kikai . in english , it will be the dream machine . on the surface , it ' s going to be a fantasy - adventure targeted at younger audiences . however , it will also be a film that people who have seen our films up to this point will be able to enjoy . so it will be an adventure that even older audiences can appreciate . there will be no human characters in the film ; only robots . it ' ll be like a
road movie
for robots .
sk : the title will be yume miru kikai . in english , it will be the dream machine . on the surface , it ' s going to be a fantasy - adventure targeted at younger audiences . however , it will also be a film that people who have seen our films up to this point will be able to enjoy . so it will be an adventure that even older audiences can appreciate . there will be no human characters in the film ; only robots . it ' ll be like a
road movie
for robots .
the title will be yume - miru kikai . in english , it will be the dream machine . on the surface , it ' s going to be a fantasy - adventure targeted at younger audiences . however , it will also be a film that people who have seen our films up to this point will be able to enjoy . so it will be an adventure that even older audiences can appreciate . there will be no human characters in the film ; only robots . it ' ll be like a
road movie
for robots .
my biggest regret is the film
dreaming machine
. i ' m worried not only about the film itself , but about the staff with whom i was able to work with on the film . after all , there ' s a strong possibility that the storyboards that were created with ( our ) blood , sweat and tears will never be seen . this is because satoshi kon put his arms around the original story , the script , the characters and the settings , the sketches , the music . . . every single image . of course there are things that i shared with the animation director , the art director and other staff [ members ] , but basically most of the work can only be understood by satoshi kon . it ' s easy to say that it was my fault for arranging things this way , but from my point of view i made every effort to share my vision with others . however , in my current state i can only feel deep remorse for my inadequacies in these areas . i am really sorry to all of the staff . however , i want them to understand , if only a little bit . satoshi kon was
that kind of guy
, and , that ' s why he was able to make rather weird anime that was a bit different . i know this is a selfish excuse , but think of my cancer and please forgive me .
the reason that i have faith in the project is that it is in the hands of people who have worked very closely with kon for years . yoshimi itazu , who worked as an animator on paprika and animation director on paranoia agent , will be taking over
the dream machine
as acting director . toshiyuki inoue , who has worked on every one of kon ' s projects since millennium actress , will be joint animation director . and , of course , susumu hirasawa , who magnificently scored millennium actress , paprika , and paranoia agent , will compose the film .
accelerando by charles stross : some sufficiently advanced aliens discover an islamic scholar , and become interested in his beliefs . so they decide to throw him into a virtual reality version of paradise , complete with 72 virgins . he responds by locking himself in the highest tower he can find and praying , as he knows immediately this isn ' t fluffy cloud heaven ; he ' s a scholar , his idea of paradise is infinite knowledge straight from the most omniscient source around . interesting in that this is the sort of lotus eater machine that you can ' t break out of , even if you know it ' s not real . he has to be rescued by someone outside .
in simon kurt unsworth ' s thomas fool novels , heaven is one giant lotus - eater machine for the good souls that inhabit it , as they experience whatever happiness they imagine . as a detective on loan from hell , thomas fool isn ' t affected by this and so he finds heaven to be a lonely and somewhat disappointing paradise with many bigoted angels and souls lost in sleep . otoh , heaven is still magnitudes better than hell , where damned souls suffer boredom and frustration during the times when they ' re not suffering from gang rapes by scorching demons or spending their days being force - fed shit before crapping it out and using their hands to till the manure into soil .
stargate atlantis : in the episode
home
, the characters think they ' ve found a way to return to earth , though it doesn ' t become apparent until about midway through the episode that their lotus eater machine is individual and doesn ' t include the others . each of their worlds was designed with everything they wanted to keep them from fighting back , but starts defying logic in ways that provoke their suspicion . major sheppard somehow figured this out early , and to test it , included in his mental fantasy a sweet apartment he had never seen , an attractive girl that he remembers ( unsuccessfully ) asking out , and two of his deceased friends showing up without explanation .
kara : you know , jimmy , i spent twenty years of my lifeabout fifty - eight of them , in your timein a dream . in the symbioship . there was no way i could have stayed sane on a rocket journey that took twenty years to complete . my father , zor - l , he anticipated that and created the dream programming . i was dreaming for twenty years , with the computer making a simulation in which i . . . lived . . . i went to school , i met people , all based on real people my parents knew on krypton , i did things , had adventures , fell in loveand the guys whom i fell in love with always had to leave . i never knew why . then to find out it was part of a frabbing computer . . . great rao , i almost hated daddy . but i knew why he had to do it . i would have gone insane otherwise . we didn ' t know enough about suspended animation , and the spacewarp kal ' s rocket went through had moved on .
for centuries , thanks in part to the writings of marco polo , legend had it that the medieval sect of nizari ismailis ( hashashim ) were brainwashed to lay down their lives for the cult via a low - tech lotus - eater machine . new recruits would be drugged unconscious , then awaken in a
paradise
garden full of luxurious feasts and beautiful women , only to be
restored to life
after a night ' s indulgence with the promise of a return to that place of pleasure upon death . the banquets , garden , and female companionship were , of course , all set up in advance by the cult ' s leaders , the better to ensure the recruits ' compliance with their often - suicidal tasks as assassins . ( better understanding of nizari beliefs about the afterlife , plus the conspicuous absence of any such garden in or near the real sect ' s historical base of operations , have helped to debunk this account . )
the novel version of
better than life
ends with lister having to make the decision whether to stay in the simulation or return to the hardships of traveling back to an earth six million years in the future where he may well be the last human as he understands it . talk about a downer ending . the second novel reveals that the lotus eater machine digs deep into their psyche , bringing to light their deepest desires . which , unfortunately for rimmer ( or fortunately , since it is what breaks them out of the fake paradise ) , revolves around his self - loathing . rimmer ' s self - hatred ends up destroying the dream world . when they finally leave , they find that reality is suspiciously better than it should be ( lister ' s 2nd cup of coffee tastes better than the first , he drops a slice of buttered toast 20 times and it always lands butter side up , a tv dinner tastes better than its cardboard box , etc . ) and discover that they ' re still in the game , at which point the game designer appears and congratulates them for figuring it out , then lets them leave .