minamata : the victims and their world ( 水俣 患者さんとその世界 , minamata : kanja-san to sono sekai ) is a japanese documentary made in 1971 by noriaki tsuchimoto .

it is the first in a series of independent documentaries that tsuchimoto made of the mercury poisoning incident in minamata , japan .

minamata : the victims and their world

minamatathe victims and their world ( minamatakanja - san to sono sekai ,  dir . tsuchimoto noriaki )
minamata : the victims and their world , dvd , b & w , 120 min . , 1971 . more information at urltoken .
one of the monuments of japanese documentary , minamata : the victims and their world played at many international festivals , winning an award at locarno .
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celebrated as a masterpiece of documentary , minamata follows the victims of minamata disease , japan’s most notorious case of environmental pollution , in their struggle for recognition and compensation .
in the afternoon , delegates visited the grounds and the minamata disease archive and municipal museum , and had the opportunity to hear minamata disease victims share their story and met with local civil society , government and industry groups .
“but governments around the world cannot be asked to implement the lessons from minamata if those same lessons remain unresolved in minamata , ” digangi cautioned . digangi urged the following actions in minamata :
minamata : the victims and their world is the first in a series of documentaries that tsuchimoto made documenting the plight of the victims of minamata disease , their families , and their fight for redress . minamata disease takes its name from the city in kumamoto prefecture where the disease was identified in 1956 . the disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning . the local chemical factory run by the chisso corporation polluted minamata bay and the shiranui sea with industrial waste water containing the highly poisonous chemical compound methylmercury between 1932 and 1968 .
in august this year , a ceremony was held in europe to commemorate the centennial of the start of world war i . i was moved to see the heads of states of countries which had fought one another as enemies in two world wars , world war i and world war ii , coming together in one place and sharing their hopes of building a peaceful world in the future .
noriaki tsuchimoto , the director of “minamata , ” who is a stranger to this observer , and a fairly large complement of associates shot their black‐and‐white footage in minamata , its environs and osaka in 1971 , largely in question‐and‐answer sessions with victims or their survivors .
trailer for noriaki tsuchimoto ' s award - winning documentary , minamata : the victims and their world , a work follows the victims in their struggle for recognition and compensation for suffering from minamata disease , japan ' s most notorious case of environmental pollution . this is one of the monuments of japanese documentary . part of the documentaries of noriaki tsuchimoto series from zakka films .
the following is a report of the situation of victims and their families in 1978 , 15 years after the miike explosion .
ishimure’s own sustained fight for the rights of minamata patients and their families has also inspired environmental activisim .
the day’s program started with a remembrance to the victims of minamata disease at the minamata eco - park . this park is built on fill , some of which is confined mercury - contaminated sludge removed from minamata bay . participants laid a floral tribute at the cenotaph for minamata disease victims and the ministerial delegates took part in a tree planting ceremony .
minamata revolta peoples quest for life ( minamata ikkiisho o tou hitobito ,  dir . tsuchimoto noriaki )
in the small town of minamata in kyushu , far from the metropolitan center , the fertilizer company chisso built a factory to take advantage of cheap labor and commenced dumping mercury - filled wastewater into the nearby sea . soon residents began exhibiting symptoms of a mysterious illness , a happening that would eventually develop into the worst case of environmental pollution in postwar japan . noriaki tsuchimoto visits the patients and their families who sued chisso and listens to their voices . his camera gently lifts the veil that had obscured them and reveals their reality . minamata : the victims and their world is impressive in how it stands on the side of the patients , not only providing a collage of individual portraits , but also an understanding of the their everyday lives . one of the monuments of japanese documentary , minamata : the victims and their world played at many international festivals , winning an award at locarno .
with the exception of a few resistance movements that had their roots in the turbulent times before the second world war , pollution victims have only been able to organize in the last 20 years or so . however , there are still many disaster victims who have not yet been able to understand the cause of their problems nor take any corrective action , and in such instances the related destruction simply continues , claiming more and more victims .
“the mercury treaty is particularly connected to minamata because it specifically calls on governments around the world to learn and apply the lessons from the minamata tragedy to prevent mercury poisoning in the future . unfortunately , the original tragedy is still not resolved . ”
the extent of the damage done to the victims of polluted environments will have greatly differing results for individual people , as secondary problems related to their living situation and personality bring their varying forces to bear .
the introduction to the german translation speaks of minamata as a household name not only in japan but “all over the world” [ hijiya - kirschnereit , 7 ] .
this is a list of ideological utopias , against conservatism , that victory of the current regressive world . especially those that failed because the world is below possibilities and beyond the material . material world and of film too , ie , movies that combines the political matter with the matter that films are built of .
minamata’s people continue in the midst of this waiting . in contrast to minamata : the victim and their world ’s steady accumulation of revelations building towards catharsis , the shiranui sea works structurally through restoration , with the sense that humanity itself is self - healing . a visit to an institution organized for rehabilitating minamata disease youth shows teenagers practicing basic arithmetic and learning to walk with crutches , while images from minamata : the victims and their world appear of the same young people as near - catatonic just a few years prior . a nurse laughs while recalling being surprised at a young male patient pinching her bottom and discovering his show of desire to be a sign of progress .
the body of work tsuchimoto devoted to the victims , their families and their surroundings encompassed 17 films , of which minamata : the victims and their world is the most widely known . tsuchimoto isn’t afraid to let his camera roll for extended shots of afflicted patients , with results that are alternately harrowing , tender and deeply sad . he also commits himself to the texture and details of the everyday lives of the people of minamata : a striking sequence shows an octopus fisherman trudging through shallow water , the many - tentacled bundle of his catch dangling behind him on a rope . in such scenes , the film suggests life continuing and the possibility of renewal .
as potential victims become victims in reality , the situation gives rise to an ever - widening circle where people are given neither relief from the problem nor monetary compensation for their suffering . these people simply give up .
in the small town of minamata in kyushu , far from the metropolitan center , the fertilizer company chisso built a factory to take advantage of cheap labor and commenced dumping mercury - filled wastewater into the nearby sea . soon residents began exhibiting symptoms of a mysterious illness , a happening that would eventually develop into the worst case of environmental pollution in postwar japan . noriaki tsuchimoto visits the patients and their families who sued chisso and listens to their voices . his camera gently lifts the veil and reveals their reality . minamata : the victims and their world is impressive in how it stands on the side of the patients , not only providing a collage of individual portraits , but also an understanding of their everyday lives .
these changes were also caused by the manner in which victims were treated by the offending industry , by governmental organs , by medical doctors , and by the mass media , and they became more obvious as the negotiating process between the company and the victims progressed . the offending companies would usually use negotiations methods that aggravated the patients and increased their nervous tension . the government and the medical profession were only interested in maintaining corporate profitability and in protecting their professional status . the mass media treated the victims as objects of curiosity , showing an absolute minimum of sensitivity for their plight .
their imperial highnesses the crown prince and princess , prince and princess akishino , mr . and mrs . kuroda
minamata : the victims and their world opens with title cards contextualizing the situation . minamata disease—whose symptoms include restricted vision , damaged motor skills , and frequently death—was first diagnosed in 1953 , and then declared a fifty - three - victim epidemic in 1956 . medical research soon showed that minamata residents were growing sick ( sometimes even in the womb ) from wastewater and poisoned seafood . the chemical plant of the prosperous chisso corporation , minamata’s economic lifeblood , had been responsible for dumping untreated mercury into the water , and in 1959 the victims and their families reached a reparations agreement with the corporation , part of which stipulated that no further legal or fiscal damages could be sought . meanwhile , human damage continued : by 1970 , 121 victims ( 46 of them dead ) had been officially diagnosed , with many more sick unofficially .
with the compounding of all these environmental problems , local communities become the victims . in the ashio copper - mine incident , after a long history of protest . the results were the destruction of vast areas of farmland , the debilitation of countless victims and their families , and finally the creation of villages without inhabitants . in the areas around minamata city where some of the victims have been restructuring their lives with the help of support groups , human relationships have been so badly ruptured that there is no hope of repair .
“years since its first appearance , noriaki tsuchimoto’s seminal minamata : the victims and their world has lost no measure of its power to shock , enrage , and inspire . a landmark of socially - engaged documentary , minamata continues to sound a global alarm about the human and environmental consequences of industrial pollution , searingly evoked through tsuchimoto’s patient , compassionate lenz . ” ——john gianvito , filmmaker , associate professor / emerson college
on friday morning , the conference of plenipotentiaries continued to hear country statements about the adoption and signing of the minamata convention on mercury . many countries paid tribute to the victims of minamata disease , underscoring the significance of the minamata convention for contributing to the sound management of mercury . countries also conveyed their gratitude to the government of japan for hosting the conference , and to inc chair fernando lugris for steering the negotiations to a successful completion .
“with the minamata name comes a special responsibility – and an opportunity to take actions so that the name minamata is not only associated with a tragedy , but becomes a positive model in the resolution of the world’s worst case of mass mercury poisoning , ” digangi continued .
katsuaki miyamoto , mayor of minamata , said that because economics took precedence over life and the environment , humans and many other creatures lost their lives . he declared the minamata convention a major step for humankind and urged its swift entry into force .
disclaimer : as i wrote few days back on twitter , i’ll kick off 2015 with a little experiment . i’ve translated ( and partly rewritten ) in english my post on minamata : the victims and their world . as english is my second language , inevitably some subtleties and nuances of the original italian piece are probably lost . feedback and / or suggestions are welcome .
in the situations surrounding the infant deaths from the morinaga arsenic milk incident , the mentally destabilizing impact on the families involved was very great indeed . the mothers felt guilty about having fed their babies the poisoned formula , and suffered both because of this and as victims in their own right .
until this great film , the french stuck to the official second world war myth in which plucky resistance to the nazis and vichy was the rule and collaboration the exception .
minamata incident terrified not even us but also whole world . we started awareness campaign in 1983 in sri lanka . several effected persons visited sri lanka and they explained how they suffer from the minamata disease . mercury pollution has given harmful lesson for mankind .
participants were treated to a lunch prepared by minamata community members and had the opportunity to learn about the many activities that have made minamata the first eco - capital of japan .
masami ogata , minamata disease municipal museum storyteller , shared his and his family’s suffering , including his struggle to be certified as a minamata disease victim .
tsuchimoto believed he could honor minamata’s victims by recognizing their struggles as belonging to the larger problem of worldwide pollution poisoning many people like them . for the filmmaker , it was necessary not only to know what was happening , but also to understand why . he followed minamata : the victims and their world with three ninety - minute - long medical films , collectively called minamata disease : a trilogy ( 1974 , and currently unavailable for home viewing ) . in each film , doctors explained different aspects of the disease’s symptoms and development ; in each case , tsuchimoto requested that the doctors explain themselves in terms that he could understand , believing that this would enable viewers to understand as well .
during the past year , their majesties continued to strengthen the ties with the diplomatic corps serving in tokyo . they invited to tea the newly appointed ambassadors and their spouses , representing 15 countries , and to luncheon the ambassadors and their spouses who had been in japan for three years or longer , representing 16 countries , and granted farewell audiences to ambassadors and their spouses from 13 countries upon completion of their assignments . her majesty joined his majesty in meeting japanese ambassadors and their spouses departing for overseas posts in 45 countries . they also invited to tea ambassadors and their spouses returning to japan from 51 countries , and heard accounts of their experiences in the countries to which they had been assigned .
damrosch , david . what is world literature ? princeton : princeton university press , 2003 . print .
in general , texts labeled “world literature” have been translated into more than just one or two languages .
the opportunities to see japanese documentaries outside of the archipelago are really few , and usually restricted to film festivals , especially when these works were shot in 16mm or 35mm . it is thus noteworthy that minamata : the victims and their world , together with the shiranui sea and other tsuchimoto’s works , is available on dvd with english subtitles through the dedicated work of independent label zakka films . ( special thanks to ono seiko and tsuchimoto motoko )
some of these groups support members who have become victims of environmental disaster , providing back - up support to compensation demands made by the victims themselves . if these support groups are effective , there is a possibility of reducing the extent of the damage done , regardless of the victims ' social group .
minamata : the story of the poisoning of a city , and of the people who chose to carry the burden of courage .
a documentary about the plight of the victims of minamata disease , which was caused by the ingestion of fish containing abnormal amounts of mercury released into the sea by a fertilizer factory owned by the chisso company .
when one family member is sick , all the members suffer . in the case of the minamata disease , there were instances where many members of a single family became victims and suffered some degree of debility . husbands would eat the fish caught from the bay , the wives would be involved in fishing and would eat the same tainted fish , and then the children , while still in their mother ' s womb , would also become poison victims .
the heroic qualities of characters make synchronization of the folk tale and the films . first of all , there is a leader of heroes in both films . a leader , however , is not the main focus , but fulfills the important role of decision - maker . although there are no mythical hero like momotaro in the folk tale , senior male in minamata : the victims and their world and momotaro in momotaro sea eagle ignite the beginning of the journey of the heroes . there are several heroic aspects which can be found through the groups of heroes in the films . a notion that heroes do not act for sake of their merit , but to help innocent people . both films present this notion of heroic quality before the journey begins . in minamata : the victims and their world , the villagers proclaim that they are rising for sake of people who suffers and will be suffering if the problem does not resolve . another heroic characteristic that both films highlight is the supportive attitude of common people . a hero cannot be defined as “good” without acknowledgement and support of people . though the heroes help powerless common people , without support of people they cannot exist . once again , both films present the relationship between the heroes and supporters . the heroes in momotaro sea eagle are supported by the group of mechanics which can be identified as non - military personnel , the commoners . in fact , the film focuses on the bond between soldiers and mechanics more than a leader . in minamata : the victims and their world , the other village inviting villages of minamata to reception , the farewell of villagers at the train station before the heroes depart to the journey , and even the donation of people in the city represent the strong recognition and support towards heroes of minamata
the polluting industry would often ignore the victims and their families , at the same time contributing to the further injury to the already compromised social milieu . the situation was often aggravated by the activities of governmental bodies , medical practitioners , and the community of scholars . the mass media was completely uncaring in its attitude to the victims , and the wider community looked down on them , wounding the sensibilities involved and acting to violate further the integrity of the violated families .
staff from the unep secretariat , un offices - nairobi and office for legal affairs posed with the minamata convention .
jean omer beriziky , prime minister of madagascar , signed the minamata convention on mercury .
after they worked in the darkroom together for many months , the book “minamata” was published in 1975 , and an exhibition of the photographs was held in the minamata town hall . mr . smith died in 1978 .
“i want to show about gene smith and minamata and i want to show minamata continues , and is not finished , ” he said . “no one is shooting there . the story continues . i must work . ”
the following article , “ishimure michiko and global ecocriticism , ” by karen thornber , is one of the chapters from this collection . thornber’s piece positions ishimure’s work within the larger context of world literature , while at the same time challenging us to consider broadening our conception of the meaning of “world literature . ”
from 1932 , the chisso chemical company ' s plant in minamata , japan , pumped highly toxic methyl mercury into minamata bay , which then accumulated in fish and shellfish eaten by locals .
cf . ishimure’s story of the sea of camellias , which describes the 1931 drought that devastated minamata .
the minamata disease was regarded as taboo within the affected community for a full 12 years after the first victims were discovered ; but at that point support organizations were established , for example those related to certain political parties , those supported by volunteer organizations , or those organized under traditional leadership orientations . these were victims ' organizations which confronted the polluting industry instead of being exploited by it , and in so doing were able to increase national understanding of the minamata disease . the organizations sought to define and isolate the polluter by calling the activities of the polluter socially sanctioned murder . the health of the various victims compromised by the disaster will never return to normal , but , through their activities and organizations , they have been able to avoid the total destruction of their own personalities . they have also managed to get a certain amount of compensation , which has gone a long way toward sustaining a decent life - style . however , many of the disease victims refused to belong to any of these groups and rejected the minamata disease victim label . these people remain in very dire straits economically , and regard the group - oriented victims with mixed feelings of envy and hatred .
often industrial circles , governmental administrative agencies , and medical professionals have made use of a technique designed to question the veracity of the victim ' s claim to patient status . in the instance of the minamata disease , government agencies , medical professionals and representatives of the polluting industry would without hesitation spread rumours that most of the damage victims seeking certification were only doing so in order to receive monetary compensation . these methods have not changed , although their effects have been resisted by the victims and their support groups . in reference to the miike coal - mine explosion victims , the supporters of the mining industry and industry - paid medical professionals would call the victim ' s medical problems the
union disease .
the labour union requested that this designation no longer be used , but this label continued to shape the understandings of the local community . the victims were further compromised by these tactics , and the government , along with the medical community and the advocates of industry , combined into a biaxial power dedicated to further striking down the various victims of industrial wastage .
fumio kishida , minister of foreign affairs , japan , signed the minamata convention on mercury .
wylbur simuusa , minister of foreign affairs , zambia , signed the minamata convention on mercury .
while many of the conflicts around the world have been repeated in the name of retaliation of one form or another , i feel great respect for the japan war - bereaved families association , which has consistently engaged in activities aimed towards a peaceful world , free of war . we must realize their ardent wish for peace , born of their own painful experiences . to that end , i believe it is important for all of us today who are enjoying the benefits of peace to continue to make every effort to nip the buds of conflict and suffering both in japan and abroad , and to always aspire strongly towards peace in the world .
during the past year , their majesties made official and private regional visits to twenty - five cities , four towns , and one village in twelve prefectures in all , excluding their visits to the imperial villas for rest and recuperation .
, the international ngo ipen said today . speaking in minamata on the eve of a diplomatic conference in kumamoto that will adopt the “minamata convention , ” senior science and technical advisor for ipen , joe digangi , said :
the adverse effects of pollution - related diseases are different when the victims are breadwinners , as opposed to infants , as in the morinaga arsenic milk poisoning case , or the entire spectrum from infants to old people , as in the minamata disease .
in the years following , tsuchimoto presented his minamata work as educational films on travels throughout the world , including a mid - 1970s visit to first nation communities in canada who had suffered an outbreak similar to minamata disease . he would also periodically return to making films about minamata , completing fifteen in total by the time of his death . ( a sixteenth was subsequently made from some of his unused footage by motoko tsuchimoto , his wife and frequent editor . ) his goal in doing so , he claimed , was to leave records of the area’s suffering and development . “the history of the minamata disease is not yet over , ” he said in 2006 , at a time when chisso was still paying reparations to victims and their families ( as it has continued to do until at least as recently as 2010 , the same year in which the united nations formed the minamata convention on mercury in order to lower worldwide emissions ) , and as minamata itself was turning from a fishing city into an industrial one . “nobody prevented the new lives to be born in fear of the minamata disease . ”
w . eugene smith and his wife , aileen miyoko smith , in their home . 1972 .
at the laputa animation festival in 2003 , 140 animators from around the world were asked to make a list of what they considered the 20 b . . .
minamata : the victims and their world is one of four documentaries by noriaki tsuchimoto ( 土本典昭 , 1928 - 2008 ) released by zakka films on dvd this year . it has optional english language subtitles and is accompanied by an essay by abé mark nornes ( u of michigan ) and film commentaries by sachiko mizuno ( kanazawa u ) . individuals can purchase this dvd for a reasonable price from independent film distributor film baby . institutions should contact zakka films directly for purchasing information
noriaki tshuchimoto’s documentary opens with a series of title cards that quietly lay out the bare facts of how the people of minamata came to be poisoned by mercury . the documentary then shifts its focus from the facts and figures to the stories of the victims and their families . fishermen talk of how they knew something was wrong when fish began behaving strangely in the sea and local cats that ate the fish started going insane . family members share the agonies endured by their loved ones before they died of the disease . doctors , teachers , and physiotherapists compare and contrast the illness to other known conditions such as cerebral palsy . the most chilling legacy is the stories of the children with congenital minamata disease , who were poisoned while in the womb . their physical and mental challenges are so great that there is little hope for rehabilitation .
music of the visual world : japanese indie animated shorts sunday , june 3 , 18 : 15 naxoshalle kino learn more when . . .
the most troubling disavowals of minamata disease come from residents of the minamata area who fear that acknowledging both the severity of water pollution and chisso’s culpability in instigating it will further destabilize the region’s already precarious economy . although a number of local government bodies take the disease seriously , many individuals chastise minamata patients and other activists for threatening the welfare of their town . the narrator includes an article from the october 19 , 1968 kumamoto edition of the mainichi shinbun ( mainichi newspaper ) describing the development of minamata city citizens’ conference . the conference prospectus chastens those residents who have been intent on having chisso admit its wrongdoing and modify its behavior ; conference participants support those afflicted by minamata disease but insist on continued cooperation with chisso .
a title taken from a british jazz revival’s classic , a song from a band called working week , which had two versions , the first in a record with the participation of tracey thorn , claudia figueroa and robert wyatt ( 7
bossa version ) . this is a list of ideological utopias , against conservatism , that victory of the current regressive world . especially those that failed because the world is below possibilities and beyond the material . material world and of film too , ie , movies that combines the political matter with the matter that films are built of . to better explain , some lyrics of that song : “a new world in the making , / it’s there for the… read more
crusading australian journalist pilger doesn ' t do balance or objectivity , but he shows ferocious persistence as he investigates the way things work in the globalised world .
loss of life and damage to health are the worst problems faced by pollution victims , though other problems related to these are also very serious .
damrosch continues , “ [ world literature helps us ] appreciate the ways in which a literary work reaches out and away from its point of origin” ( 300 ) .
please support the artists and filmmakers featured here by buying their work . to order from japan , i recommend using urltoken
the “and” in minamata : the victims and their world serves as a bridge connecting elements , which is how tsuchimoto essentially saw his own role . whether through glimpses of a microphone or simply the direction of a minamata resident’s gaze , the viewer is always aware of the filmmakers in the scene . unlike his peer documentarian shinsuke ogawa , who often filmed himself in radical sympathy with the rural people among whose ranks he lived , tsuchimoto gives the sense of himself as always being a visitor from tokyo , absorbing another’s circumstances without directly sharing them . the ethical distance he sought allows the film’s viewer to stand back and survey the scene in a position of empathy rather than sympathy , learning the context for a person’s situation along with him .
while the victims and their support groups were involved in efforts at self - recovery , external factors generated by the polluting industry , governmental administrators , medical professionals , scholars , pro - industry citizens ' groups , and the mass media more often than not had a negative impact .
“all around the world there are beautiful places like minamata where serious toxic pollution problems are being ignored because their effects happen quietly , over time , to one person at a time . in the future , when people learn about minamata , my hope is that they will not only learn about the terrible tragedy here , but they will hear about how a government and a people turned a terrible tragedy into something that made them proud instead of ashamed and sad , ” digangi concluded .
by quiet sequences that give the spectator a moment to pause and reflect . these quiet moments are often montages that capture the natural beauty of the landscape and the sea of the region . with each new story of pain and loss , the tension slowly builds until the film’s dramatic climax in which the victims and their families go to the chisso biannual shareholders meeting to confront the company president and demand that he publicly take responsibility for his company’s crimes against humanity and the environment .
personality changes constitute the third level of environmental pollution - related damage , and as such are inextricably bound up with the second level of damage , the destruction of health . some of the victims of environmental problems who suffered physiological disorders also suffered from changes in personality . but it is not clear whether these changes were a response to the sickness or were inherent in the pathology of the sickness . such cases are found among victims who suffered nerve damage , for example minamata disease ( mercury - poisoning ) patients , the carbon monoxide poisoning victims , and the victims of smon ( a medicine - induced iatrogenic disease ) . the symptom common to all of these patients is that they are easily angered , and this fundamental change in personality is endemic to the disease process .
even in the case of severe damage to health , victims ' suffering will depend on the impact of the disease on their life as a whole . this differing degree of response depends on differentials in social status and economic class . the serious symptoms displayed by the victims of environmental pollution are a great shock to the families involved , but whether or not the burden to the particular family is lightened or not will depend greatly on economic level and access to sources of information .
it was at this point that tsuchimoto and his crew entered minamata , with the goal of getting the victims to relate their struggles . the film ( originally 167 minutes long , and which zakka offers in the 120 - minute - long version that tsuchimoto made for international release ) consists largely of scenes in which the camera sits patiently facing a minamata villager , observing his or her health and sickness while listening to the person talk . an older woman tells how she repeatedly filed legal complaints after her husband’s minamata disease - related death with the hope of the state placing blame for it ; an older man describes how his wife has been driven so mad by the disease that their grandchildren call her “animal” ; a series of parents present their children , unable to talk or walk , with even the teenagers still mentally infantile . the overriding demand that the film’s minamata residents make is for recognition . the film leads up to an indelible climax in which a minamata activist group storms a public chisso shareholder’s meeting , and a woman who has lost both her parents to md screams to the company president , “you can’t buy lives with money ! ”
one would like to read more details in the literal english subtitles such as the specifics of the infection or the newspaper accounts of last july , which listed 428 victims , 69 , of whom died . an epilogue points out that the chisso company paid about £1 . 5‐million to 138 victims last year .
there are many types of damage to human health . in the case of the miike coal - mine explosion , carbon monoxide victims were reduced to human vegetables , a condition that is tantamount to being dead . the health of many other victims was also compromised to various degrees .
on wednesday , the government of japan hosted a field trip for delegates to minamata as part of the ceremonial opening of the diplomatic conference .
after japan ' s loss in the war , the wealthy , cultured , liberal anjo family have to give up their mansion and their way of life . they hold one last ball at the house before leaving . the . . . see full summary »
eventually this all led into a study group called the ao no kai . we started this group at iwanami , and in the midst of everyone going off in their own directions , two people who stuck their heads in were ogawa shinsuke and higashi yoichi . by that time kuroki kazuo and tsuchimoto noriaki were already established directors so their status was a little different .
lakeith stanfield and his sorry to bother you crew reveal their most soul - crushing jobs in our freewheeling interview .
manipulative ? yes , if it ' s manipulative to choose beautiful children to look into the camera , their faces alive with grief and confusion . these deeply felt images found their way to make a vital human connection .
in the post - second world war period the labour union movement , as the vanguard of the many mass movements seen in that difficult period , were very much this type of organization , and in 1955 when the morinaga arsenic milk poisoning case surfaced , or when the minamata disease appeared in 1956 , the general public did not think of these problems as violations of basic human rights . the victims and their families did not know what they could or should do when faced with the contamination of baby milk by arsenic or the poisoning of whole households by the mercury - tainted fish caught in minimata bay , after centuries of fishing in the same area with no sign of an environmental problem .
the film is particularly interesting for its use of sound . the lack of synch between the image and the soundtrack is initially distracting . sound was a big problem for low budget documentary filmmakers of the day as it was recorded separately from the image . the asynchronous sound provided tsuchimoto with the opportunity to play with the soundtrack in innovative ways . as his subjects tell us their stories , we are treated to montages of images of the dead , their families , and their homes . the a
the citation for ishimure reads in part , “in electing michiko ishimure to receive the 1973 ramon magsaysay award for journalism , literature and creative communication arts , the board of trustees recognizes her as the ‘voice of her people’ in their struggle against the industrial pollution that has been distorting and destroying their lives . ” urltoken
the shiranui sea—minamata series part ii , dvd , color , 150 min . , 1975 . more information at urltoken .
with nobuteru ishihara , minister of environment , japan , achim steiner , executive director of unep , presented the
pez - peste
statue to katsuaki miyamoto , mayor of minamata , for permanent display at the minamata disease municipal museum .
in these ways the social roles of the victims and the positions held by them in the families involved also determine to a great extent the degree of damage done to the family infrastructure . it cannot be said that when the breadwinner of the family becomes the victim of pollution , the strains on the family are greater than when a baby or child is the victim . it is generally understood that the differing familial roles held by the victims of pollution or industrial disaster result in differing levels and types of stress within the family .
yet rather than cooperate in subsequent investigations , for many years chisso did everything it could to deny its role in propagating this disease , including pumping wastewater under cover of night and prohibiting scientists from taking samples from the bay for examination . the narrator describes some chisso employees as sympathetic to the plight of minamata patients , even alerting residents of minamata to chisso’s plans to divert their wastewater channel to another location ; similarly , researchers from the chisso company hospital contribute to efforts to understand the disease better . and at its august 1967 meeting the chisso first union issued a declaration condemning its own failure to fight minamata disease and affirming its commitment to do so in the future . but for the most part , sea of suffering paints chisso as an absolute villain ; one that denies any connection between factory wastewater and minamata disease yet prohibits scientists from studying the wastewater ; one that does everything it can to avoid paying indemnities and instead continues to discharge poisonous effluent , thus expanding the number of people who may demand compensation ; and one that delays dispatching employees to visit hospitalized minamata patients until 1965 , more than a decade after the outbreak of the illness . the narrator comments : “looked at from today’s perspective , the noble and strong personality and the superior investigative research of dr . hosokawa [ one of the premier researchers of minamata disease ] into the outbreak and spread of minamata disease provides a fantastic contrast with all the attitudes [ and behaviors ] exhibited by the chisso corporation” ( 69 ) . throughout sea of suffering the narrator alternates references to chisso’s heartlessness with those to the dedication of medical researchers . it often is difficult for minamata doctors to understand their patients , since minamata disease makes speech a challenge , but the novel portrays physicians as doing whatever they can to assist those suffering from this disease . the narrator calls attention to the bonds that form between doctors and their patients and the trust the latter have in their physicians , except when they believe they are being used solely to further a doctor’s career .
tributes have been pouring in around the world for kaneto shindō ( 新藤 兼人 , 2012 - 2012 ) , who passed away last week at the age of 100 . . . .
sea of suffering underscores how national politicians and other government employees downplay if not disavow minamata disease . to be sure , the central government is depicted as initially being concerned about the illness . the narrator notes that in 1957 the ministry of education established the minamata disease comprehensive research group , a unit composed primarily not of chisso officials but instead of presumably impartial doctors from kumamoto university medical school . the group’s report identified organic mercury as the most likely cause of the disease and pointed to chisso’s practice of pouring untreated wastewater into minamata bay . despite these findings , the japanese government for many years did not prohibit chisso from continuing to discharge outflow , nor did it enact measures to clean polluted waters or to help those stricken with minamata disease . these disavowals of the significance of this illness marked the beginning of decades of frustrating struggles by minamata patients and their families , with both the central government and chisso .
on the basis of the bleak record poignantly and pointedly presented in “minamata , ” that statistic doesn ' t seem to be the answer to the terrible , perhaps portentous , problem of pollution .
this year saw much to celebrate , but we also experienced many heartbreaking events , such as torrential rainstorms and volcanic eruption . i offer my prayers for the souls of the victims and give my thoughts to the deep sadness of those who have lost family members and the pain of those whose family members have not yet been found . and to those who have faced endless difficulties on the volcano while helping and searching for the victims , prefectural officials , members of the self - defense forces , firefighters , police officers , medical personnel , and the health workers who have been constantly at the side of the families awaiting news of their loved ones , i also express my gratitude and deepest respect .
mr . smith had encouraged mr . ishikawa to take his own photographs , even while helping him with the grueling minamata project . mr . ishikawa became friends with many young people in minamata and kept in touch with several of mr . smith’s subjects in the following decades as he pursued his own career . although he traveled constantly , he decided in 2008 that he should document what had become of the surviving victims .
forces us to listen more closely to the words and to study the face of the speaker more carefully . although each family has their own individual tale of suffering and loss to tell , taken together one gets the sense of a community of simple , hardworking people who have been unjustly made into outcasts in the town where their families have lived and fished for generations . the story of their fight for justice is not only of historical import , but their determination against all odds is also inspiring for the many people who are today suffering at the hands of an unfeeling bureaucracy in the southernmost prefecture of tohoku .
on june 8 this year , his imperial highness prince yoshihito of katsura passed away . in deep sorrow , their majesties went into mourning for five days , sharing in the grief of the bereaved family . in the period immediately after his passing , their majesties visited his home and the akasaka east residence four times . after the funeral rites and the ceremony to mark the 100th day of his passing , they paid official visits to the toshimagaoka cemetery to pay their respects .
this entry was posted in assignments , momotaro and tagged common people , essay 2 , heroes , minamata , momotaro sea eagle . bookmark the permalink .
most important , these conflicts exist—albeit often surreptitiously—within individuals . in the epilogue to rowing the eternal sea , the english adaptation of rowing the boat of the eternal world , ōiwa notes that for ogata the “solution” is “a return to a spiritual world on earth , in which everyone and everything has a place . it is a world in which life is respected , worshipped , and celebrated” ( 185 ) . yet despite ogata’s and his colleagues’ deep attachments to the nonhuman , despite ogata’s claim at the conclusion of rowing the eternal sea that “embraced by the mountains and sea / ego dissolves ; self and landscape are one , ” behaviors of local peoples do not conflict as drastically as might be supposed with the behaviors of outsiders that ogata and ōiwa criticize so harshly ( 175 ) . to be sure , the actions of local fishers rarely have as concentrated an impact on human and nonhuman health as those of large polluters ; the fishers do not exhibit anywhere near the same desire for wealth , technology , prestige , or power as do the chisso corporation , the japanese government , and many of their neighbors ( individuals particularly concerned with their financial futures ) . but even though they pride themselves on their humility , the fishers too are not without culpability .
if these touching scenes in a major portion of the film are subdued , “minamata , ” nevertheless , strongly implies and occasionally illustrates what appears to be big industry and governmental apathy before it builds to a literally riotous climax as the diseased and their sympathizers descend on a meeting in osaka of the impassive president and board of directors of the chisso company , , operators of the plant , to demand reparations and justice .
yet to date , although ishimure has been called the “japanese rachel carson , ” the impact of her work—unlike that of the american ecologist rachel carson ( 1907 - 1964 ) —has been confined primarily to japan . 7 sea of suffering generally is credited as one of the driving forces behind japan’s social activism surrounding minamata and other pollution diseases . to be sure , the novel has been criticized for being “fiction” and for not always adhering perfectly to the “truth . ” but it is through this novel that the voices of those suffering from minamata disease have been most powerfully heard—as the japanese literature scholar keiko kanai has discussed , many minamata activists have “cited [ sea of suffering ] as seminal in motivating them to fight . ” and some activists have stated explicitly that “the characters in [ sea of suffering ] are more real to them than the actual victims” ( making up for minamata ) . this latter statement might seem peculiar—characters more real than actual victims ? but in turning actual victims into characters , writers often make painful human experiences more accessible and in so doing promote and sustain engagement , most directly at home but also across linguistic and national borders . 8
in both rowing the boat of the eternal world and rowing the eternal sea ogata comments , “for me , [ the reclaimed land in minamata bay ] is in a word a place to apologize . it is a place to apologize not for others but for myself . it is a time to think of my own crimes” ( rowing the boat 156 ) . rowing the eternal sea elaborates on questions of individual and collective guilt . ogata asserts that even though he completely opposes chisso and its practices , he bears some responsibility for what happened in minamata :


813 is a 1920 american mystery film directed by charles christie and scott sidney , written by scott darling from the story by maurice leblanc , produced by al christie , released by the christie film company and the robertson-cole pictures corporation , and starring wedgwood nowell as jewel thief arsene lupin with a supporting cast featuring ralph lewis , wallace beery , and laura la plante .

it is not known whether the film currently survives , and it may be a lost film .

813 ( film )

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cat people ( 1942 ) is a film noir disguised as a horror film . it inspired the film noir style that would dominate rko pictures during the 1940s .
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the film is divided into 813 component shots that are linked via a relational database to the resources , so the film scholar or fan can follow themes ( such as war or sacrifice ) , techniques ( such as close - ups or dissolves ) , or repeated lines of dialog (
here ' s looking at you , kid ,
i stick my neck out for nobody
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this rigid , transparent blue pvc film has been formulated for stencil applications , especially spray and paint techniques . oracal 813 features a low - tack , water - based adhesive . it is ideal for water - based paint applications ; smooth , flat , rigid substrates and surfaces ; large area capabilities ; and applications requiring background visibility .
the black bird is a film spoof of the maltese falcon without much originality .
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a film that provides a view of real life people , trends , or events .
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the film daily ( jan - jun 1921 ) : new york , wid ' s films and film folk , inc . : free download , borrow , and streaming : internet archive
was heavily influenced by film noir , mostly up to about half way through the third season , but it retained certain film noir traits until the very end , such as the moral abiguity .
the term
prognosis negative
figures prominently in the 1939 film dark victory , starring bette davis .
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private detective ? check . femme fatale ? check . chiaroscuro lighting ? check . this is film noir .
, but it ' s decidedly within a film noir framework . and when it does noir , oh ,
who framed roger rabbit — underneath the cartoonish action , there is a very straight film noir in there .
gabriel knight sins of the fathers combines noir with horror much the same way as the film angel heart .
study of specific critical and historical film theory and approaches to film history using more difficult texts ( both as films and as readings ) for the students , to create an intense immersion into more complex films and critical readings .
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between the hero and the female lead ; noir stories are quite risqué . the original film noir era followed the
too late for tears ( 1949 ) . lizabeth scott is the epitome of the femme fatale in this film .
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rebecca ( 1940 ) . a mystery thriller with gothic horror elements . a number of film critics , such as patrick brion , regard it as
the first true film noir
and others term it a
gothic noir
.
reservoir dogs ( 1992 ) is quentin tarantino ' s non - linear spin on the
heist film
subgenre .
the empire state building murders ( 2006 ) uses talking heads and film noir clips to tell its own noir story .
the shadow line is heavily inspired by film noir , borrowing many plot elements and a very dark and cynical tone .
halo 3 odst was developed to evoke a film noir atmosphere as a lone soldier investigates an alien - occupied city .
anti bunny draws heavily on film noir in its visual and storytelling style . as a call out to the visual style in chapter 5 of the gritty city stories pooky cynically narrates
no one gets film noir these days anyway .
. - a 15 second excerpt must be submitted to be played at the awards showcase . - a $ 5 entry fee is required for each video entry - sent to sean phillips @ blake high school . checks can be made payable to blake hs tv & film boosters . - no entry can be submitted for multiple categories . - schools may submit a maximum of 2 videos per category . - schools many submit 1 entry per 813 challenge . - general video entries are due no later than
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the reckless moment ( 1949 ) . max ophuls ' last american film , and it stars joan bennett and james mason .
the hitch hiker ( 1953 ) . a psycho kidnaps two friends on a fishing trip and forces them at gunpoint to drive him to mexico . this film has the distinction of being the first film noir directed by a woman , ida lupino .
gunpoint plays many of the tropes of film noir fairly straight despite it ' s more humorous atmosphere and incredibly snarky protagonist .
the big sleep ( 1946 ) . a philip marlowe film , particularly noted for its
labyrinthine
complexity and enigmatic ambiguity .
chunnel is a film mentioned in the episode
the pool guy
. elaine and jerry go to see the film with susan , with whom they are now spending a lot of time ( much to george ' s chagrin ) . however , jerry and elaine ' s noisy discussion about the plot during the film irritates susan , who shushes them and ultimately breaks off their newfound friendship .
nightside combines film noir with urban fantasy spiced with ( un ) healthy dose of rule of cool , everything turned up to eleven .
the maltese falcon ( 1941 ) . the third film adaptation of the same dashiell hammett novel , the second leading role for humphrey bogart , and the directorial debut of john huston . an iconic depiction of the hardboiled detective and a major hit for the film noir genre .
a short story using two dimensional or three dimensional characters created on film or computer ; includes animation using clay , objects , or models .
the crimson kimono ( 1959 ) . another samuel fuller - directed film , about two cops trying to solve a murder in los angeles ' little tokyo district . a film dealing with society ' s perception of race , it was in many ways socially ahead of its time .
now the georgia institute of technology and the american film institute ( afi ) are producing a digital critical edition of casablanca , which will bring together the famous lines , the script changes , production notes , and background materials to create a searchable educational tool for studying the film .
the coruscant nights series of star wars novels contains a lot of film noir homages . they are , in fact , an official coruscant noir .
max payne ( 2001 ) - also a movie . the second game was even billed with the tagline
a film noir love story
.
plantywood : the city of plants plants the three heroes of penn zero part time hero into a film noir - type hollywood filled with plants .
the killing ( 1956 ) . stanley kubrick heist film famous for its non - linear plot and for sort - of providing inspiration for reservoir dogs .
k pop group secret ' s music video for
poison
is in the style of film noir , complete with lady in red femme fatale .
ultravox ' s breakthrough hit
vienna
was heavily influenced by film noir themes . the music video in particular was inspired by the third man .
student teams are given 2 weeks ( spring break and the week after ) to create a short film using an assigned title , prop , and dialogue .
our miss brooks : the latter part of
postage due
is a very much film noir influenced , with miss brooks providing a private eye monologue .
killer is dead , as well as killer 7 , from suda 51 , features some heavy surreal film noir looks , down to badass assassins in suits , heavy shading and shadows , hypnotic soundtracks and weird characters . they ' re much more sci fi that film noir , though the influence is clearly there .
daniel is a vampire horror comic set in the 1930s . it ' s setting and grayscale color scheme give it a feel very akin to film noir .
the wrong man ( 1957 ) . alfred hitchcock film starring henry fonda as a man falsely accused of murder because he happens to look like the real deal .
swiss claymation film
pas de cercueil pour les pantins
(
no coffin for puppets
) . partly hommage , partly parody , all 4th wall .
the film is mentioned later in the same season in
the cadillac , part 1
, when kramer remarks that it is airing on hbo that evening .
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but the goal remains out of reach for most of the film . the film was one of the earliest to extensively use subjective camera angles to hide the face of the protagonist . this obscuring technique is used for about 1 / 3 of its duration . it was also notable for defying hays code standards in its finale .
pickup on south street ( 1953 ) . samuel fuller - directed film about a hoodlum who is given a chance to redeem himself by fighting against a communist ring .
play it again sam , a play and later film by woody allen that matches up allen ' s
neurotic jew
character with humphrey bogart . hilarity ensues .
open to any student / groups who are currently in their first year of a production class . may consist of any film genre . ( 4 min . max trt )
where the sidewalk ends ( 1950 ) . an otto preminger film , reuniting dana andrews and gene tierney in this take on a violent cop who covers up a murder .
the black dahlia ( 2006 ) . brian de palma - directed try at
the ultimate film noir
. known for its super - stylization and very complicated plot .
odds against tomorrow ( 1959 ) . often cited as the one of the very last , if not the last film of the
classic noir
era , and known for being the first noir with a black protagonist . a heist film with a heavy dose of social commentary about racism . stars harry belafonte in a non - musical role .
the pain and the yearning : a 192 - minute fictitious film , whose plot is simply
an old woman experiences pain and yearning .
; kramer comments
that ' s a lot of yearning !
elaine passes over this film to see weekend at bernie ' s ii ( a gene pick ) , prompting vincent to recommend betrayed .
freaks ( 1932 ) , a horror film . excluding all the slice - of - life scenes that take up the majority of it , the actual plot is pretty noirish .
the last will of dr mabuse ( 1933 ) . a sequel to an earlier film and a story where the eponymous diabolical mastermind seems to control an entire gang while incarcerated .
rock slyde ( 2009 ) is a modern film - noir parody starring patrick warburton as
rock slyde
, private - eye and former homosexual - pirate musical - pornstar .
the talbot chronicles placed lawrence talbot from the wolf man series into a film noir setting . a good fit , as talbot ' s whole bag has always been existential angst .
murder , my sweet ( 1944 ) . the first film adaptation of a philip marlowe novel and one of the highly - regarded depictions of the hardboiled detective in cinema . the so - called
standard private eye formula
( of seeking a missing person and ending up personally involved in a bizarre case ) tends to follow the lead of this film .
film noir ( literally
black film
in french ) is a genre of stylish crime dramas , difficult to define , but the 1940s and 1950s were the classic period . whether works since then can be accurately classed as noir is a subject of much debate among film critics . film noir , and the literature from which it is drawn , is clearly the progenitor of later genres , particularly cyberpunk . common plots of noir films include murder investigations , heists , con games , and ( mostly ) innocent men or women wrongly accused of crime . the double - cross and cigarette smoking are mandatory . complicated plots are further convoluted by flashbacks and flash forwards — the narration tying everything together , assuming we can trust him .
ponce de leon : elaine and george see this film together in
the dog
instead of prognosis negative . in
the movie ,
they discuss the film ; george liked it , but elaine hated it . the film concerns the spanish conquistador juan ponce de león and his mythical search for the fountain of youth . one scene that especially got to george is when ponce de leon and his crew splash around in a supposed fountain of youth , only to realize , when he looks in a mirror , that it did not have mystical powers . this film is also referenced in larry david ' s curb your enthusiasm . in the curb episode
the end
, larry claims to have written a screenplay about ponce de leon .
the strange love of martha ivers ( 1946 ) . the film is one of the better known films noir of barbara stanwyck and lizabeth scott , who were both major stars in the genre .
insomnia ( 2002 ) : the american adaptation of a norwegian film from 1997 . at its core a fairly straightforward noir with al pacino as an angst - ridden cop dealing with past mistakes .
its sequel even used the tagline
a film noir love story
. which is somewhat ironic , given that the protagonist is much less cynical jaded in the sequel than in the original .
the aim of a digital critical edition is not to distract the viewer from the experience of watching a film such as casablanca , but to deepen the engagement with it , to make clear the artistic , cultural , and social context of the film . viewers can watch the film with no critical apparatus , and then on reviewing can turn on alerts for related outtakes , commentaries , and other materials . they can choose to enter the edition through the commentaries or the documents , and to go from there to the associated shots in the film . scholars can make use of a separate interface to add commentaries to the edition , and to access the complete database , which identifies each shot by dialog , characters , setting , fictional time , framing , camera movement , and editing technique .
inherent vice ( 2015 ) , something of a mix of homage and parody that combines the film noir with the stoner flick , as a perpetually high private detective gets involved in several intricate criminal conspiracies .
one of the scenarios in the artificial reality machine in red dwarf is a film noir setting , complete with monochrome , a femme fatale , al capone - style outfits and a car from the 30s .
checkmate is a film at the center of the plot of
the movie
, ostensibly about chess and intrigue . jerry , george , elaine , and kramer all try to meet up to see the movie together , but because of a series of problems , three of the four , independently , find themselves watching rochelle , rochelle instead . the movie poster for the film is visible in the episode .
mountain high : an r - rated film starring kevin bacon and susan sarandon . kramer reads its tagline from the newspaper (
there ' s no higher place than . . . mountain high !
) , and also recites some ( possibly fake ) dialogue from the film :
you ' ve gotta get me over that mountain !
this was followed by a fake explosion and exaggerated scream .
cold fusion (
the bizarro jerry
) : jerry mentions plans to see this film with kramer , who is unable to go because of a long day
working
at brandt and leland .
the final lines of the movie required several revisions . as the ending was originally shot , the film ends with louis suggesting that rick go to the free french garrison at brazzaville until things die down :
having an edition of film in digital form enables students to reference small segments and analyze their content , to follow the collaborative process of filmmaking , and to see the contributions of the individual artists in detail . for example , viewers can find every place in the film where max steiner ' s score incorporates excerpts and variants of the melodies of
as time goes by
and
marseillaise
into the background music . they can trace the creative contributions of producer hal wallis by comparing his extensive memos and editing notes to specific moments in the film . viewers can compare the dialog as it appears in the finished film with the shooting script , which is full of crossed - out typescript lines and handwritten changes and additions , or they can examine outtakes side by side with the final scene . there is even footage of a scene that never made it into the film , in which rick visits laszlo in jail . the outtake does not have a sound track but the text of the scene can be found in the shooting script .
the 2007 hollywood portfolio of vanity fair magazine set up a faux noir film called
killers kill , dead men die
to accompany the series of photos taken , complete with casting and set descriptions in the captions .
cast and reel , film tampa bay ' s inaugural saltwater premiere , celebrates all that tampa bay has to offer as a top filming location while also offering a significant networking opportunity for a multitude of elite corporate sponsors .
i am a fugitive from a chain gang ( 1932 ) . a random man is caught up in a robbery and the legal system never ceases to hunt him down . an anti - establishment film with a famous finale .
apocalypse now ( 1979 ) . although not immediately obvious , this movie is actually a very sneaky case of genre busting , following a typical film noir plot structure with kurtz ' s crime being the mystery to be solved .
with print works , specific passages and annotations can be set side by side with the text . the reader can move easily from focusing on the work of art to focusing on the critical commentary . film scholars have long made use of videotape and digital technologies to examine films and to present them in the classroom , but the copyright situation of films has made it impossible to distribute these segments as part of a scholarly or educational work . as a result , film criticism is forced to rely on still images and cumbersome verbal descriptions of passages that should be cited as moving images and sound . because a segment of a film is worth thousands of dollars per minute when licensed to a television show , scholars are prohibited from cutting and pasting such segments . as one film industry attorney once privately joked ,
as far as hollywood is concerned , there is no such thing as fair use .
the muted heart (
the engagement
) : stars glenn close and sally field . george would like to see firestorm , but due to his recent engagement with susan ross , he is forced to see this film instead .
there is a wealth of material available about the film . warner brothers has preserved the shooting script , memos , production reports , and outtakes , some of which can be seen on existing dvds . aljean harmetz has written a production history of the film . the italian semiologist umberto eco has written about its mythic structure ; robert mckee has made it the centerpiece of his scriptwriting course ; film critic roger ebert has created a second sound track commentary . but none of these critical resources - - library archives , essays , books , lectures , or even dvds with production materials and simultaneous running commentary - - permit the detailed examination that is taken for granted in the criticism of literary texts .
the thin man ( 1934 ) . a mystery fiction film based on a dashiel hammett novel . while more light - hearted than proper noirs , it is still considered one of the best adaptations of the hard - boiled literary genre .
casablanca is the epitome of the hollywood studio film - - a melodramatic , topical story adapted from an unproduced stage play . it was hastily and repeatedly rewritten by several hands , and was still incomplete on the last day of shooting .
carry on spying ( 1963 ) . a parody movie that is a mixture of film noir and james bond spy movies , starring a teacher of a spy school ( that has post - graduate links to mi6 ) and his best students .
high sierra ( 1941 ) . considered as a transition film between the 1930s gangster films and the 1940s films noir . first leading role and star making role for humphrey bogart , who had already made a career of playing gangsters in crime films .
a low tack clear film for vinyl graphics application . this tape is also great for creating temporary tattoo stencils ! the product consists of a self - wound , polypropylene cast film coated with a proprietary non - yellowing , acrylic water based pressure sensitive adhesive . it lays and stays flat for easy transfer and storage . main tape gxf341 protects printed graphics from scratches and releases cleanly . peels off nicely without pulling skin so it is great for tattoo shops , face painting , airbrushing and henna applications .
touch of evil ( 1958 ) . usually cited as the last of the greatest film of the
classic noir
era . orson welles and charlton heston star in a dark tale of police corruption and moral ambiguity on the mexican - american border .
an additional use for self adhesive vinyl is as a stencil mask for custom painted graphics . vinyl is most often used for decals and letters ; but in this case vinyl can be used as a stencil masking film as an aid for applying paint .
niagara ( 1953 ) . when two couples are visiting niagara falls , tensions between one wife and her husband reach the level of murder . arguably the film that put marilyn monroe on the map , alongside gentlemen prefer blondes and how to marry a millionaire .
the other side of darkness (
the comeback
) : a direct - to - video release about a female coma victim and her husband , played
unforgettabl [ y ]
by eric roberts . the film is longer than two hours and concludes with the coma victim regaining consciousness . kramer rents this movie and subsequently visits a lawyer to deal with the possibility of himself being in a coma , until he sees the end of the film , at which point he attempts to revoke his living will .
the ending of the film echoes the play : rick must outfox the corrupt french captain and send ilsa , who is once more in love with him , off with her husband laszlo . in the original play , strasser , the nazi , rushes in :
the georgia institute of technology received $ 200 , 000 from neh to design and produce a digital critical edition of casablanca in collaboration with the american film institute . the afi project team is headed by nick demartino , senior vice president for media and technology .
the film is first referenced in
the movie ,
when george goes to see rochelle , rochelle instead of watching checkmate ( see below ) . jerry and elaine end up in the same theater . after watching the film for only a few minutes , the trio discover each other after hearing one another ' s audible disgust . indifferent to the audience , they yell out how bad the movie is and then all three walk out . during this scene several bits of dialogue are heard from the movie ( with larry david voicing the role of a man convincing rochelle to undress ) . it is learned that rochelle resides in milan and is visiting relatives in minsk . according to a trailer overheard in the episode , the village voice called the film
a masterpiece .
film noir usually features the anti - hero , anti - villain , villain protagonist , the ambiguity often rests on questions of trust , leading to an atmosphere of paranoia where poor communication kills regularly . the conclusion may or may not tie up all the loose ends , with the major mystery being the morally ambiguous theme of the story . these factors contribute to the widely - held opinion that film noir works are among the best artistic works of all time and contributed greatly to the maturity of cinema as an artform .
the american film institute has been able to help reconcile the conflicting demands of scholarship and the industry because of its standing with studios , scholars , and public audiences . with a grant from neh , the digital media program of the georgia institute of technology is collaborating with the afi to lay the foundation for a series of digital critical editions that will combine copies of american films purchased from the copyright holders ( currently on dvds ) with web - based educational resources delivered within a single interface . a common information design standard and an online authoring tool will allow scholars to create and link web - based resources such as commentaries , outtakes , and scripts to one another and to specific moments within the dvd copy of the film . viewers will be able to see the copyrighted materials only if they have already purchased or licensed a copy of the film . warner home video has given permission to make a prototype of the system , using casablanca as its focus . when the prototype of casablanca is completed , it will form the basis for a new approach to film study .
it is usual to attribute the success of the film to the four screenwriters who adapted it . julius and philip epstein are widely recognized for contributing witty dialog such as this exchange between rick and the corrupt french police captain louis renault about rick ' s mysterious past :
hell drivers ( 1957 ) . the british film industry is constantly debatated over whether it made noirs or not ( there was a genre popular in the 1950s named
crime thrillers
which was very similar ) , however , this movie ticks most of the trope boxes .
writer david mandel states that the plot of chunnel involves the president ' s daughter being trapped in the ' chunnel ' between england and france . an exchange between a fictional president of the united states and a presidential advisor can additionally be heard :
mr . president , your daughter is in the chunnel .
the tagline of the film was
chunnel : 32 miles of hell
. the portions of the movie that are seen in
the pool guy
are from the american president as seinfeld was restricted to using castle rock film footage .
these days , you can do the same thing with a vinyl cutter and some paint mask film . in fact , orange county choppers uses a vinyl express vinyl cutter for cutting stencils for some of their custom choppers . it makes an occasional cameo appearance in their graphics department .
ninety nine river street ( 1953 ) . a cabbie and former boxer must team up with an actress friend after his wife ' s body gets dumped in the back of his taxi to frame him . essentially a film homage to the more pulp - oriented writings of the era .
following ( 1998 ) the directorial debut of christopher nolan is the british ( somewhat subverted ) version of the film noir standard . since then , with the notable exception of interstellar , his films will as a rule have at least a noir - ish
vibe
to them .
george sees blimp : the hindenburg story (
the puerto rican day
) and gets a laugh by shouting out
that ' s gotta hurt !
as the hindenburg explodes . later , while his car is stuck in traffic , he decides to go see it again with hope of more laughter ; however , his plan is thwarted by a fellow moviegoer who uses a laser pointer to make fun of the film . after leaving the film when his line produces no laughter , he is followed by the moviegoer with the laser pointer for the rest of the episode .
custom auto or chopper artists combine pin striping and airbrushing to decorate vehicles . precise placement of airbrush - applied paint requires a stencil mask . back in the dark ages , when i was in college earning my bfa , we used amberlith or rubylith stencil film , cut with an xacto knife .
this scene is little changed in the final version , and it marks one of the few moments where rick loses his cool . the tough - romantic line
no one has ever loved me that much
is unchanged in the shooting script , although bogart gives it a more colloquial phrasing :
nobody ever loved me that much .
looking at the play , the script , and the finished film one can trace the ways in which the core of rick ' s character and the theme of self - sacrificing love were laid down in the original play and strengthened by the film .
brute force ( 1947 ) . a jules dassin film starring burt lancaster as joe collins , a convicted felon who ' s trying to escape westgate penitentiary to see his dying wife . it includes one of the cruelest prison guards ever in the form of captain munsey ( played by hume cronyn ) .
the film is apparently supposed to be a reference to light , escapist comedies that have large commercial appeal despite critical responses that are muted at best ( as opposed to movies like the english patient , which earn much critical acclaim and oscar nominations , but find little popularity among the general populace ) .
the public enemy ( 1931 ) . following the exploits of a hoodlum from entry - level crimes , to his rise in the crime ranks , and to his eventual demise . a depression gangster film where the tensions are related to the hoodlum and his
good family
who complain about his lifestyle .
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double indemnity ( 1944 ) . a successful but bored insurance salesman falls for a woman in an unhappy marriage , and the two conspire to commit the perfect crime by getting her husband to buy an accident insurance policy , and then making sure he meets an untimely end . a film notorious for pushing the envelope on the hays code restrictions to its limits . despite an activist campaign
imploring the public to stay away on moral grounds
, the film was a major critical and box office hit . it paved the way for further dark , controversial films and directly inspired imitators . often seen as the trope codifier for films noir .
stranger on the third floor ( 1940 ) . often cited as
the first true film noir
due to including many of the relevant tropes and cinematographic techniques . a b - movie and a box office flop at the time of release , it was re - appraised decades later . it is now considered groundbreaking .
this gun for hire ( 1942 ) . based on a graham greene novel , though with some material reworked for wartime - propaganda reasons . professional killer philip raven completes an assignment and is then double - crossed by his latest employer . he sets out to get revenge . meanwhile , nightclub singer ellen graham is recruited by the federal authorities to spy on her current boss , who is suspected to be a fifth columnist . raven and graham are unknowingly working the same case and their paths cross . a major hit for the film noir genre , and the film which turned alan ladd and veronica lake into
reliable box office draws
.
the eighth season of archer , titled
archer dreamland
, is a 1940s film noir that ' s justified as taking place inside archer ' s coma dream . it ' s played straighter than one would expect from the show , leaning closer to a dramedy rather than the outright spy fiction spoof of previous seasons .
agent zero : this film was also referred to in another nbc sitcom of the time , newsradio , where andy dick ' s character describes it to a co - worker played by phil hartman through a series of sound effects . agent zero derives its name from a screenplay seinfeld writer david mandel always wanted to write .
much of the angaran chronicles is like this with a hefty , hefty dose of diesel punk . the most notable example is the novella hamar noir which embodies many of the themes and tropes of film noir . which follows the hunter anargrin as he tracks down a serial killing vampire in the slums of the underground city of valtagan .
prognosis negative is another film mentioned in the dialogue of several episodes , and in at least one episode a movie poster for it is visible . unlike other fictional works mentioned throughout the series , prognosis negative had its roots in an actual screenplay written by seinfeld co - creator larry david in the 1980s . it was never produced .
gilda ( 1946 ) . a film set in the decadent atmosphere of post - war buenos aires . at its heart is a love - hate relationship between the male lead ( and narrator ) johnny farrell and female lead gilda . a relationship with what critics call
dark and disturbing sadomasochistic sexual currents
which takes over the plot .
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mildred pierce ( 1945 ) . the film opens with the murder of monte beragon . his widow mildred then narrates her story . a story which starts with the end of a previous marriage in a divorce , her winning custody over her daughters , and her efforts to financially support them . unfortunately , elder daughter veda is a fille fatale and the mother - daughter relationship is not a particularly healthy one . the prevailing mood of
pessimism and paranoia
, the visual style , and the convoluted narrative have earned the film a place among the better known entries of the genre . though an entry where the two main female characters dominate the narrative and family relationships take center stage .
and yet the film works : the love story and the political adventure blend together in a single satisfying plot . the audience cares about the characters and believes in their peril , their passion , and their courageous sacrifices . despite its formulaic elements and hurried production , casablanca is a masterpiece of american filmmaking , which provokes and rewards close study .
la bete humaine ( 1937 ) . a proto - noir about a violently jealous husband , his faithless wife , and her lover whom she asks to murder her husbands . much of the film noir set - up , but different in that the lover does not murder the husband , but instead has a mental breakdown which leads to a different murder .
in the mouth of madness ( 1995 ) a john carpenter directed film , which combines noir with a dash of stephen king and copious amounts of hp lovecraft . what starts out as a very noir - ish plot about a skilled insurance agent trying to find a missing horror author , slowly but surely turns into a full - on cosmic horror story .
rochelle , rochelle is a film referenced many times during the series . it is most likely based on the 1974 erotic film emmanuelle . like other films referenced by the show , it is never shown , but characters are portrayed watching it . . the dialogue indicates it is an erotic romance
about life , love , and becoming a woman
, evidenced by the movie ' s tagline ,
a young girl ' s strange , erotic journey from milan to minsk .
george calls rochelle , rochelle
a foreign movie . . . a film , is what it is
in
the smelly car
. susan ross notes that it contains
a lot of nudity .
rochelle , rochelle is a movie whose only positive aspect is its nudity . according to reactions to the movie throughout the series , the plot is completely unbearable , but is still revered because of its nudity . this is affirmed in
the movie
when elaine remarked ,
men will sit through the most boring pointless movie if there ' s the slightest chance a woman will take her top off .
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beyond the forest ( 1949 ) . a woman bored with life in a small town squeezes her husband to pay their bills so she can visit chicago , but that soon proves to be the beginning of a violent conflict . famous for star bette davis line
what a dump !
being remembered as being pronounced far more enthusiastically than it actually was said in the film .
monk has the season 5 episode ,
mr . monk and the leper ,
done in a complete homage to film noir including an introduction from tony shaloub dropping references to femme fatale amongst other tropes . a black - and - white then a color version aired back - to - back when the episode premiered . the dvd includes the black - and - white version .
angels with dirty faces ( 1938 ) . crime film which famously uses the had to come to prison to be a crook plot . a child criminal is caught for a petty crime and send to reform school . he stays in the system for life , going in and out of prison through his adulthood and eventually executed . a fellow child criminal who was never caught became a priest .
the great capacity of the digital medium and its increasing accessibility cry out for standardized information formats . because film is a collaborative medium and subject to strict copyright restrictions , american cinema has so far resisted attempts to capture in a single location the kind of analysis that this art form deserves . the digital medium has the potential to contain and organize multimedia information and to present it in a manageable form .
this is a classic ghost story . i won ' t spoil anything , but for a haunted mirror movie , i found it very effective . there are only really 6 people in the film . the parents , and the children at 2 different ages . the film is not really linear , and it took me a while to get the flow of the constant changing from today and yesterday . once i got it , i found it very clever . what impressed me the most , however , is that there is hardly any blood , no nudity , no profanity , no sex , no gore and it scared the crap out of me ! no , it doesn ' t reinvent the genre ( can you even really do that with the haunted mirror genre ? ) , but it is a well crafted , well acted movie that really kept my interest all the way through . the young girl was especially effective . the film starts off slow and methodical and really hits its stride about the half way mark . we need more films like this . smart , clever
little
films - a few characters , a few props and lots of chills and thrills . please see this ! 8 / 10
american hustle ( 2013 ) has quite a lot of noir - ish content , with two villain protagonists who are forced to put their skills to work for an fbi agent ( who isn ' t particularly straight - and - narrow himself ) while struggling with their own consciences . notable for the film ' s heroine ( played by amy adams ) being a femme fatale . . . but a highly sympathetic one .
flaming globes of sigmund (
the heart attack
) : jerry dreams about a scene from a sci - fi film while sleeping and wakes to scribble the line
like flaming globes of sigmund
down on a piece of paper because he thinks it is funny . he spends the rest of the episode trying to figure out what he wrote . the episode ends with jerry turning on the tv to find flaming globes of sigmund on with larry david voicing the dialogue
it ' s just as you prophesized ! the planets of our solar system , incinerating . like flaming globes , sigmund . like flaming globes . ah , ha , ha , ha . . .
in the series , it is unclear what the actual title of the fictional film is , as it is never stated . however , larry charles confirms it as the title in the dvd commentary .
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the filmmakers ' difficulty in bringing the film to a close and placing rick on the same side as the french captain parallels the evolving political situation of 1942 . the change in rick ' s attitude from isolation to renewed idealism and heroic engagement is often compared to the change in american policy and in public opinion after the attack on pearl harbor . a digital edition can trace both the production history and the historical background , linking them to specific scenes and documents .
humphrey bogart had mostly played hoodlums before he landed the lead role and he had never carried a movie as the sympathetic romantic lead . ingrid bergman was under contract to another studio when casting began . the original script was read at warner brothers on the day after pearl harbor and purchased within the month . the film premiered less than a year later in november 1942 . it was a rushed production , made more difficult by wartime shortages and security curfews on the west coast .