a gender crime is a hate crime committed against a specific gender .

specific gender crimes may include some instances of rape , genital mutilation , forced prostitution , and forced pregnancy .

often gender crimes are committed during armed conflict or during times of political upheaval or instability .

some examples of these conflicts include the yugoslavian civil war and the rwandan genocide .

gender crime is not universally recognized as a category of hate crime but is increasingly being included in the united states as a category in state and federal hate crime laws .

internationally most gender crimes committed during times of war are recognized as war crimes as set forth by the fourth geneva convention .

revenge porn and other online behavior are seen as a hate crime .

gender crime

describe , explain and differentiate the major criminological theories related to gender and crime .
gender review of police curriculum of the executive police to incorporate gender and include women protection laws in the curricula .
background : for effective counter measures , gcc has been working for gender mainstreaming in police . gender responsive policing project was launched in the year 2009 . initiation of gender reforms process in police aimed at addressing the issues pertaining to gender inequalities and less gender - sensitized police and developing appropriate procedures / protocols for gender based crimes in various policing units .
this is a fantastic book that covers the essentials in gender and crime . this is crucial for students studying gender , masculinities , sexualities , violence , and crime . the book is also easily accessible and clearly written , making it easy to follow .
excellant exploration of crime and criminal victimisation which focuses on the complex issues around gender and vulnerability to crime . structure of the book is very student friendly with key questions for each chapter and activities to underpin learning .
at sccjr our research about gender , crime and criminal justice includes research about women offenders , interventions for women , violence against women ( particularly rape , sexual assault and domestic violence ) and young women involved in violent crime .
understanding gender , crime , and justice is an ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses that focus on women and criminal justice . the book is also a valuable asset for gender courses in sociology and for women ' s studies programs .
belknap , j . ( 2007 ) . chapter 2 : critiquing criminological theories . in the invisible woman : gender , crime and justice . belmont , ca : wadsworth .
outcomes : the project has created a gender niche within the police by engaging the police in gender auditing . review and analysis of police context and practices have established legitimacy for gender reforms and paved the way for working on the gender strategy . the consultations on positioning of women in police have created space for deployment of women police at mainstream police stations . women’s presence in policing units has encouraged women to seek police assistance for gender just services .
millie , a . , ( 2008 ) , ' crime as an issue during the 2005 uk general election ' . crime , media , culture , 4 ( 1 ) . pp . 101 - 111 .
we have a national predisposition to downplay gender as consequential . this november marks the fifth anniversary of the matthew shepard & james byrd jr . hate crimes prevention act , in which sexual orientation , gender , gender identity and disability were finally added to federal hate crimes law .
gender , crime and victimisation is a thoughtful and thought - provoking book , exploring gender patterns in both offending and victimisation . it offers a thorough examination of how these patterns in society are variously established and represented , researched , explained and responded to by policy makers and criminal justice agencies .
mcara , l . , and mcvie , s . ( 2010 ) , ' youth crime and justice : key messages from the edinburgh study of youth transitions and crime ' , criminology and criminal justice 10 : 211 - 230 .
' pamela davies has produced in this volume a very thorough and thorough going gendered analysis of both crime , responses to crime and criminal victimisation . throughout this book davies puts to the fore the man question and the woman question for both victimology and criminology in an accessible , clearly written and student focused manner whilst never losing sight of the complexities associated with centring the salience of gender . students , practitioners and academics alike will gain much from this book and its thought provoking exploration of the question of gender and its relationship with crime and victimisation . '
this thought - provoking and innovative text provides an excellent base for understanding issues of gender in the study of crime and victimisation . although the study of gender issues in relation to criminal justice is now a well - established field ( walklate , 2004 ) , the manner in which the author has structured this book to bring together research issues , developments in theory and issues of policy related to the study of gender , crime and victimisation is unique . the text offers original insight and critical discussion of these topics as they relate to both theory and practice .
bringing together key theory , research and policy developments , the book combines perspectives on the study of criminology with those of victimology and gender studies - drawing particularly on the influence of feminism . it analyses processes of criminalisation and social control , and their structural biases . it explores fears , anxieties and worries about crime , as well as particular vulnerabilities to crime .
macqueen , s ( 2016 ) ' domestic abuse , crime surveys and the fallacy of risk : exploring partner and domestic abuse using the scottish crime and justice survey ' in criminology and criminal justice ( advance online access ) doi : 10 . 1177 / 1748895816634410
the overall objective of the gender responsive policing project is to enable the national police bureau to support the executive police to adopt and implement a standardized policy for gender mainstreaming and gender just access to policing , taking into consideration the principles of the rule of law . implementing partners are the national police bureau and the police organizations of pakistan .
the purpose of the 2009 act was largely to ensure that people have the chance to pursue justice if they feel that their state courts have failed . only some states have hate crime statutes and , of those , a sub - segment include gender as a category for consideration . the battle to include gender at the federal level was long and hard fought . either way , social recognition of gender - based hate , as post elliot rodger’s public discussions showed , remains controversial .
21 . carlen : class and gender deals• carlen studied 39 w / c women who had been convicted of a range of crimes ; 20 were in prison or youth custody . he suggests most convicted serious female criminals are w / c• carlen uses hirschi’s control theory to explain female crime . hirschi argues that humans act rationally and are controlled by being offered a ‘deal’ ( rewards in return for conforming to norms ) . people commit crime if they don’t believe they will get rewards or if the rewards of crime appear greater than the risks
integrates international examples to place u . s . experiences in a comparative perspective and to show gender inequities on a worldwide scale
book review : global lockdown : race , gender , and the prison - industrial complex , by j . sudbury ( ed )
oona is a lecturer in criminology at sccjr , university of glasgow . she has worked as a researcher and practitioner in the field of gender based violence for over fifteen years . oona’s main research interests include gender , rape and sexual assault , domestic abuse , legal responses to sexual offences , the prevention of gender based violence , and alcohol . oona graduated from the university of . . .
27 . • c & d used as a resource that different men use for accomplishing masculinity• class and ethnic differences among youths lead to different forms of rule breaking to demonstrate masculinity ( what are these differences ? ) • m / c men too may use crime . the difference lies in the type of crime - m / c males commit white collar and corporate crime to accomplish hegemonic masculinity , poorer groups may use street robbery to achieve a subordinated masculinity
objectives : the basis of gender responsive policing ( grp ) is the socially constructed roles of women and men , their behaviors , social positions , access to power and resources which create gender - specific vulnerabilities that determine the status of men and women in a society and are also reflected in the organizational culture of police . therefore , grp focuses on police reforms ensuring that the principles of gender equality are systematically integrated throughout all police procedures , protocols , rules and regulations , reinforced through gender sensitive trainings and developing monitoring and evaluation tools for assessing these measures .
introduction : gender crime cell was established in 2006 at national police bureau to address the lack of data on gender crimes in pakistan , which limits accountability , constraints policy development and makes it difficult to monitor individual cases or advocate institutional change . gcc is supposed to function as a central repository of relevant data on cases of violence against women in order to assist policy makers in developing holistic and effective policy to prevent and punish violence against women .
burman , m . , johnstone , j . , de haan , j . and macleod , j . ( 2009 ) , responding to gender - based violence in scotland : the scope of the gender equality duty to drive cultural and practical change . equality and human rights commision .
28 . criticisms of messerschmidt• is masculinity an explanations of crime or just a description of male offenders ? ( e . g . tough , controlling etc ) . he is in danger of a circular argument , that masculinity explains male crime ( e . g . violence ) because they are crimes committed by males ( who have violent characteristics ) • messerschmidt doesnt explain why not all men use crime to accomplish masculinity• he over - works the concept of masculinity to explain virtually all male crimes , from joy riding to embezzlement
an innovative support service for victim - survivors of rape and serious sexual crime in scotland has received overwhelmingly positive feedback from those accessing the service . researchers from the scottish centre for crime and justice research ( sccjr ) were tasked with evaluating rape crisis scotland’s national advocacy project ( nap ) . the service funded by the scottish government and launched in . . .
, who filled the office of the prosecutor in 2003 , sought to reinvigorate attention to gender crimes . while the prosecutor’s efforts were laudable , the tribunal’s impending closure , together with its dismal record of prosecuting gender crimes , makes it likely that rwandan women will feel only a small sense of justice as a result of the tribunal’s work .
this wasn’t a privately executed sex crime , but a public one infused with gender bias . as the systematic theft , accumulation and mass sharing of these photos shows , we live in a culture in which violations of women’s privacy are normalized , where harms to women are routinely trivialized , where our sexual objectification is the norm and where society resists legitimate and reasonable consideration of the role gender and status play in what happened . ( there have been at least four waves of photo released , the last of which included the first man . )
24 . evaluation of liberation thesis• female crime rate began rising in 1950s – long before women’s liberation• most female criminals are working class – who have not been hit by women’s liberation• lind ( 1997 ) – women branching into ‘male’ crimes like drugs . . but mainly due to links to prostitution ( very unliberated lifestyle ) • very little evidence of illegitimate opportunity structure of professional crime has opened up to women
research into the experiences of rape and sexual assault victim - survivors will help ensure the interests of victims are at the heart of the criminal justice system . the scottish centre for crime and . . .
jackson , j . , farrall , s . , hough , m . and bradford , b . ( 2008 ) , public insecurities about crime : a review of the british research literature . ssrn .
7 . taskin small group , look at the statistics on gender and offending sheet . answer the questions do they tell the complete truth ? •dark figure ( a low amount of offences recorded for crimes against women ) •who appears to commit the most crime ? any age differences ? •chivalry factor ( low amount of prison / not guilty convictions because of judges leniency towards females ? )
a useful text which covers a wide range of areas within gender and victimology . the study questions and activities will make this a particularly useful textbook for students and their teachers .
michele burman and jenny johnstone in collaboration with janette de haan and jan macleod , of the women’s support project received a research grant from the equality and human rights commission ( ehrc ) for a project entitled responding to gender - based violence in scotland : the scope of the gender equality duty to drive cultural and practical change ‘ the project summarised current . . .
kaufman , e . ( 2014 ) . gender at the border : nationalism and the new logic of punishment . punishment & society , 16 ( 2 ) , 135 - 151 .
the nonconsensual distribution of intimate photos is similar to offline voyeurism in many ways . we call these voyeurs peeping toms , a classic linguistic minimization of a sex crime that , like revenge porn , is gendered . peeping thomasinas aren’t really a thing . ( the crime is treated differently state by state . in some states , but not all , voyeurs must register as sex offenders . revenge porn is a non - registry offense . )
daly , k . ( 1997 ) . different ways of conceptualizing sex / gender in feminist theory and their implications for criminology . theoretical criminology , 1 ( 1 ) , 25 - 51 .
22 . • carlen argues that w / c women are generally led to conform through the promise of two ‘deals’ : • class deal - women who work will get a decent standard of living• gender deal - women who conform to the conventional domestic gender role will gain the material and emotional rewards of family life• in terms of the class deal , women in carlen’s study had failed to find a legitimate way of earning a decent living . most had always been in poverty ; many could not find a job and had experience problems claiming benefits• in terms of the gender deal , some had been abused by partners / fathers . over half had spent time in care ( breaking family bonds ) • they had gained nothing from either deal and so felt they had nothing to lose by using crime to escape from poverty
connell , r . w . & messerschmidt , j . w . ( 2005 ) . hegemonic masculinity : rethinking the concept . gender & society , 19 ( 6 ) , 829 - 859 .
margaret is a senior research fellow at the university of stirling . her research interests include : justice and diversity crime , critique and utopia criminalisation and justice in transition women , punishment and social justice human trafficking supporting victims . . .
mackenzie , s . ( 2010 ) ' fakes ' . in : f . brookman , m . maguire , h . pierpoint , and t . bennett ( eds ) handbook on crime . cullompton : willan ; 120 - 136 .
mackenzie , s . ( 2010 ) ' fakes ' . in : f . brookman , m . maguire , h . pierpoint , and t . bennett ( eds ) handbook on crime . cullompton : willan ; 137 - 152 .
16 . explaining female crime• women in general do have lower rates of offending than men , how can we then explain the behaviour of those who do commit crimes ? • first explanations were biological rather than sociological . lombroso & ferrero suggest that criminality is innate but there are very few ‘born female criminals’ . • however the view is social rather than biological factors are the cause of gender differences : sex role theory , control theory & liberation thesis
gilchrist , e . , bannister , j . , ditton , j . and farrall , s . ( 1998 ) women and the ‘fear of crime’ : challenging the accepted stereotype , british journal of criminology , 38 , pp . 283–299 .
3 . lesson objectives• to understand why there are gender differences in offending rates . • to be able to explain sociological evidence for the reasons from different offending rates• to evaluate these reasons and ways to reduce male offending
10 . lesson objectives• to understand why there are gender differences in offending rates . • to be able to explain sociological evidence for the reasons from different offending rates• to evaluate these reasons and ways to reduce male offending
young , s . ,
gender , policing and social control : examining police officers ' perceptions of and responses to young women depicted as violent
, sccjr briefing paper , briefing no . 01 / 2012 .
police organizations have become sensitive to gender issues due to repeated dialogues with the senior management . this could be observed in recent announcements by all the provincial police chiefs regarding increased quota for women in the future recruitments .
jackson , j . , bradford , b . , hohl , k . and farrall , s . ( 2009 ) , does the fear of crime erode public confidence in policing ? , policing ( 2009 ) 3 ( 1 ) : 100 - 111 .
creek , s . j . , & dunn , j . l . ( 2011 ) . rethinking gender and violence : agency , heterogeneity , and intersectionality . sociology compass , 5 ( 5 ) , 311 - 322 .
8 . do women commit more crime ? • some sociologists and criminologists argue that they underestimate the amount of female as against to male offending . there are two explanations : 1 . female crimes such as shoplifting are less likely to be reported e . g . property crime less likely to be noticed or reported than the violent or sexual crimes more often committed by men . prostitution - more females than males - unlikely to be reported2 . women less likely to be prosecuted and more likely to be let of lightly .
in her first public statements about the theft and distribution of her private nude photographs , jennifer lawrence called the act “a sex crime . ” there are differences of opinion about using those words to characterize what happened . what is not debatable however is that , of the reportedly more than 100 celebrities targeted in this episode involving lawrence , the overwhelming majority have been women . so , why aren’t we seriously discussing this in terms of gender - based hate ? that’s also a serious charge .
scottish community safety network sccjr works with the scottish community safety network to ensure that up to date thinking and evidence on crime and justice issues is shared with network members and that the work of our academics is informed by the concerns and experiences of network members .
lombard , n . ( 2015 ) ‘gendered violence : a cause and consequence of inequality’ in bettio , f . and sansonetti , s . ( 2015 ) , visons for gender equality . luxembourg : publication office of the european union
gray , p . ( 2006 ) . women’s experiences of incarceration in hong kong : doing time , doing choice , doing class - gender - culture . international journal of the sociology of law , 34 , 89 - 104 .
thain - gray , r . , jones , r . and malloch , m . ( 2016 ) , ‘gender and criminal justice : challenging prejudice’ in scottish justice matters , vol . 4 no . 1 . p . 11 - 12
bosworth , m . & slade , g . ( 2014 ) . in search of recognition : gender and staff - detainee relations in a british immigration removal centre . punishment & society , 16 ( 2 ) , 169 - 186 .
mcara , l . and mcvie , s . ( 2010 ) ' youth crime and justice in scotland ' . in h . croall , g . mooney and m . munro ( eds ) criminal justice in contemporary scotland . cullompton : willan publishing ; 67 - 89 .
jackson , j . and bradford , b . ( 2009 ) ' crime , policing and social order : on the expressive nature of public confidence in policing ' . british journal of sociology , 60 ( 3 ) . pp . 493 - 521 . issn 0007 - 1315
lee - koo , k . ( 2011 ) . gender - based violence against civilian women in postinvasion iraq : ( re ) politicizing george w . bush’s silent legacy . violence against women , 17 ( 12 ) , 1619 - 1634 .
11 . chivalry thesis - women are less likely to be prosecuted• criminal justice agents - police , magistrates and judges are men . men are socialised to act in a ‘chivalrous’ way towards women• otto pollak ( 1950 ) - men have a protective attitude towards women - so they are unwilling to arrest them , charge , prosecute or convict them• female crime less likely to end up in official statistics - giving an invalid picture that exaggerates the extend of gender differences in offending rates• self - report studies show women are treated more leniently
federal hate crime legislation does not actually require that perpetrators of crimes express explicit hatred for the people they target . instead , the salient information is that hate crimes are those in which a person is targeted because of , in this case , his or her gender . in addition , a “prominent characteristic of a violent crime motivated by bias is that it devastates not just the actual victim and the family and friends of the victim , but frequently savages the community sharing the traits that caused the victim to be selected . ” while men are also the victims of revenge porn , as with the threat that a serial rapist of women poses to a community , how can anyone doubt that girls and women experienced the theft and sharing of these photos , which overwhelming involved women , in ways that men did not ?
kong , t . s . k . ( 2006 ) . what it feels like for a whore : the body politics of women performing erotic labour in hong kong . gender , work & organization , 13 ( 5 ) , 409 - 434 .
wpn , established in july 2012 , is a collaboration of ten police organizations in pakistan who come together to enhance networking and learning opportunities to promote women’s leadership in police service and facilitate gender just policing practices particularly on issues of crimes and violence against women .
this course will examine gender through the experiences and treatment of women in the media , the law , and the criminal justice system . we will explore the construction and treatment of gendered bodies as well as gendered forms of work , institutions and social processes .
huey , l . & berndt , e . ( 2008 ) . ‘you’ve gotta learn how to play the game’ : homeless women’s use of gender performance as a tool for preventing victimization . the sociological review , 56 ( 2 ) , 177 - 194 .
23 . liberation thesis ( adler , 1975 ) • as women become liberated from patriarchy their offending will become similar to men’s . liberation is leading to a new type of female criminal and a rise in the female crime rate• patriarchal controls and discrimination have lessened and ops have become more equal as a result women have begun to adopt traditional male roles in both legitimate ( work ) and illegitimate spheres ( crime ) • women no longer just commit trad female crimes ( e . g . shoplifting , prostitution ) . • more women in senior positions giving them the opportunity to commit serious white collar crimes
there are differences between men and women in terms of their criminal behaviour and their experiences of the criminal justice system . by far the majority of crime in scotland is committed by men , and when women offend they tend to commit low - level , non - violent offences and pose little risk to society .
parsons ( 1955 ) focuses on gender socialisation and role models in the nuclear family to explain gender differences in crime women perform the expressive role in the family ( inc responsibility for socialisation ) . this gives girls an adult role model but boys reject feminine models of behaviour that express tenderness , gentleness and emotion . boys distance themselves by engaging in ‘ compensatory compulsory masculinity ’ - risk taking , aggression and anti social behaviour ( leading to delinquency ) men have much less of a socialising role than women in conventional nuclear family , socialisation can be more difficult for boys than girls cohen - the absence of a male role model in the home means boys more likely to turn to all - male street gangs as a source of masculine identity . here they earn status by acts of delinquency new right theorists argue absence of male role model in matrifocal lone parent families leads to boys turning to criminal street gangs
sokoloff , n . j . & dupont , i . ( 2005 ) . domestic violence at the intersections of race , class , and gender : challenges and contributions to understanding violence against marginalized women in diverse communities . violence against women , 11 ( 1 ) , 38 - 64 .
understanding the characteristics and needs of women in the criminal justice system is a first step towards the development of effective interventions and services that can divert female offenders from imprisonment and support their desistance from crime . this study , funded by the lothian and borders community justice authority , described and analysed the characteristics and needs of women . . .
burman , m . ( 2004 ) ' turbulent talk : girls ' making sense of violence ' . in : c . alder and a . worrall ( eds ) girls ' violence : myths and realities . series : suny series in women , crime , and criminology . albany : state university of new york press ; 81 - 104 .
davies has produced a thorough and comprehensive exploration of crime and victimization . it is written and presented in an engaging style making it an easy to digest read . . . the signposting used throughout the book , the extensive glossary of terms and the succession of study questions and activities will make this a particularly useful textbook for undergraduate students and their teachers .
sccjr phd student annie crowley has beaten off competition from around the globe to be awarded the 2016 feminist criminology graduate research scholarship . this is an outstanding achievement , as an unprecedented number of entries were received this year . the scholarship is awarded annually by the division on women and crime ( dwc ) of the american society of criminology , to “an . . .
18 . ao2 : walklate criticises parsons for assuming that because women are biologically capable ofwhat is the functionalist sex bearing children , they are best suited to the expressive role . role theory explanation ? parsons explanation based on biological assumption about sex differences rather than gender differencesfeminists explain differences in terms of patriarchy : control and liberation thesis
dr susan batchelor is a senior lecturer in the school of social and political sciences at the university of glasgow , based in the scottish centre for crime and justice research . she is a very experienced youth researcher and research manager , with previous projects including : young people’s attitudes towards sexual violence ( zero tolerance ) , girls’ views and experiences of violence ( esrc ) , . . .
sarah is a research fellow with the scottish centre for crime and justice research . sarah’s most recent research focuses on the experiences of , and responses to , violence , and policing . she is currently leading research into the prevalence and risk of domestic violence in scotland , and the ways in which victims interact with the police and other formal and informal help networks ( funded . . .
35 . explanation key argument / points / critique thinkersgender socialisation parsons •boys are raised to be active / aggressive / risk taking •boys reject feminine gender roles in nuclear family •boys role model is breadwinner – outside home •compensatory compulsory masculinity – aggression and anti - social behaviour to prove they are men ! cohen •lack of male role model - so boys turn to street gangs for masculine identity ( toughness etc ) new right ( dennis / murray ) •absence of father figure – boys turn to gangs for statussocial control • boys are less controlled than girls – more freedom • boys dominate public spaces • boys have more opportunity to commit crime ‘on the street’ • boys are pressurised to be risky and reputation is not an issue . . being ‘hard’ is
september 2014 : dr judith ryder , associate professor , sociology & anthropology at st john’s university , new york , visited sccjr for one month in 2014 . dr ryder’s research specialises in gender and family violence , corrections , and juvenile delinquency . whilst here , dr ryder presented an sccjr seminar titled : ‘conflicting relations : adolescent girls and violent behavior’ .
heather joined the health services research unit at the university of aberdeen in february 2012 . she is a research fellow with a multidisciplinary social science background and she contributes to the delivery of care programme . heather specialises in research where technologies meet surveillance / monitoring ( including sousveillance / self - monitoring ) , compliance / deviance and gender . she . . .
nancy’s work looks at younger people and men’s violence against women , maintaining that young people’s own position in childhood directly impacts upon how they conceive of , construct and understand such violence . she is one of the founders and coordinators of the gender based violence research network ( gbvrn ) , and also an associate director of the centre for research on families and . . .
matthew is currently working at social and public health scientist unit at the glasgow university in the settings and organisations team . his current research focuses on masculinity and health in prisons , with a particular focus on the adaption of a health promotion intervention delivered in a number of secure institutions in scotland . keywords : masculinity , gender , the social world of prisons , . . .
recent efforts by the prosecutor’s office have led to an increase in the number of indictments that include rape allegations . as a result of prosecutor jallow’s efforts , including motions to amend indictments to add rape charges , there have been 17 cases that include allegations of sexual violence . it remains to be seen how many of these indictments will prove successful , as they are currently in progress . however , a recent success came in the muhimana [ pdf ] case , where the defendant was convicted of rape as an act of genocide and as a crime against humanity . the accused was found guilty of raping tutsi women with the intent of degrading the entire tutsi population . most significantly , in charging muhimana with rape as a crime against humanity , the court expanded the definition of rape as “non - consensual sexual intercourse , ” paying particular attention to the element of consent .
however , what happens when there are millions of peeping toms ? given the scope and number of people who participated , and the time and effort the hackers took to gather the photographs and carefully plan their release , it’s clear that technology isn’t just mirroring offline crimes but amplifying them in ways that qualitatively change their impact and should prompt serious debate about gender - based hatred and bias crimes .
1 . 80 % or four - fifths . 2 . women are more likely than men to be cautioned rather than prosecuted ; less likely to be sent to jail ; less likely to be arrested . 3 . girls are more likely to be put into care because of sexual activity ; women can be punished more harshly if they do not fit the stereotypical gender role ; women victims in rape trials are likely to be blamed . 4 . it assumes that women are socialised into an expressive role and expected to be gentle and nurturing – qualities not usually associated with criminality – and that men are prepared for an instrumental role and expected to be tough and sometimes aggressive – qualities that may lead to trouble with the law . 5 . they may lack a satisfactory relationship and family situation , and may lack a legitimate means of earning a decent living ( e . g . through lack of educational opportunity ) . 6 . the rise in the female crime rate precedes the women ’ s liberation movement ; ‘ liberated ’ middle - class women are less likely to be criminal , not more ; women still do not often have access to a criminal opportunity structure . 7 . accommodating masculinity . 8 . he over - uses it , attempting to make it explain many widely different types of crime .
working title of phd : negotiating gender identity in the context of cultural reform : a study of women in police scotland year commenced phd study : 2017 ( full - time ) institution : university of edinburgh funding source : economic and social research council phd supervisors : dr angus bancroft , dr anna souhami synopsis : my esrc funded research at the university of edinburgh explores how women in . . .
the gender equality duty ( ged ) comes into force in april 2007 . all public authorities must demonstrate that they are promoting equality for women and men , in terms of policy making , service delivery , regulation and employment , and that they are eliminating sex discrimination . the sccjr worked with the eoc to develop the eoc guidance and we have developed web based flowcharts to be read in . . .
this is an evaluation of the pilot up - 2 - us time for change project , which is a gender - specific service targeted at young women aged between 14 and 18 years deemed to be at significantly high risk of admission to secure care or custody . the research takes a multi - dimensional perspective , by undertaking a set of qualitative interviews with young women attending the project , the professionals . . .
bias and hate crime laws exists so that members of groups that were historically discriminated against know that the societies they live in support their equal right to live their lives , raise their children , travel in public , and pursue their work , free of fear and discrimination . they are a challenge to social norms that would perpetuate violence and subjugation , an old - fashioned word no one likes to use in the united states , on the basis of immutable characteristics . like being female .
evaluation of the up - 2 - us time for change project this is an evaluation of the pilot up - 2 - us time for change project , which is a gender - specific service targeted at young women aged between 14 and 18 years deemed to be at significantly high risk of admission to secure care or custody . the research takes a multi - dimensional perspective , by undertaking a set of qualitative interviews . . .
it would be a tragedy if the ictr were to fail to conduct community outreach and education about sexual violence in the final stages of its existence . while prosecutor jallow’s measures to reinvigorate attention to gender crimes are laudable , the actual effect of such efforts will likely be limited due to the tribunal’s bleak track record in prosecuting sexual crimes . in addition , the ictr’s imminent closure may limit the effect of the tribunal’s renewed focus on crimes of sexual violence . while muhimana is important for recognizing gendered crimes as violating international law , it will be of little meaning to rwandan women unless community outreach is conducted . despite the ictr’s poor track record in prosecuting gender crimes , it still has time to refocus its efforts and make a difference for victims of sexual violence in rwanda . by educating rwandans about sexual violence and informing communities about the ictr’s successes , the tribunal will have reached its ultimate goal – providing justice and redress to the victims of the rwandan genocide .
white mc youths : subordinate themselves to teachers in order to achieve mc status leading to an accommodating masculinity in school . outside school , masculinity takes an oppositional form e . g . through drinking , pranks and vandalism white wc youths : less chance of educational success so masculinity is oppositional both in and out of school . it is constructed around sexist attitudes , being tough and opposing teachers authority e . g . paul willis lads ( education module ) black lower wc youths : have fewer expectations of a reasonable job and may use gang membership and violence to express their masculinity , or turn to serious property crime to achieve material success .
13 . bias against women• feminists argue that that the cjs is not biased in favour of women , as the chivalry thesis claims but biased against them . • they argue that the cjs treats women more harshly , especially when they deviate from gender norms of monogamous heterosexuality and motherhood• heidensohn - double standards - courts punish girls but not boys for promiscuous sexual activity• carlen - women are assessed more in terms of being wives , mothers and daughters . less conventional girls are punished harsher . scottish judges more likely to jail women whose children were in care than women who they saw as good mothers
15 . activity• compare the strength of feeling shown against maxine carr with the level to which she was actually involved in the crime . • on the internet , investigate accounts of the case of ‘baby p’ and tracey connelly in 2009 . how were the descriptions of tracey connelly in the press different from the way in which the male offenders ( the actual killers ) were treated ? for example , the item in the daily express tramp tracey used - tv to mask sons screams• what do these cases show about how women and men are seen , especially in cases involving children ? does our society expect higher moral standards of women than men ? if so , why ? • how would sociologists explain this difference ?
jennifer lawrence attends the premiere for
serena
during the 58th bfi london film festival at vue west end on october 13 , 2014 in london , england .
“there is no principled way to argue that this is any less serious than voyeurism , ” explains mary anne franks , associate professor of law at the university of miami school of law and vice - president of the cyber civil rights initiative . “there is no denying the blunt truth of [ lawrence’s ] words : she alone has the right to control access to her naked body , and anyone who violates that right has committed a profound and inexcusable wrong . that means that laws against hacking are insufficient to address this violation . ” danielle citron , author of hate crimes in cyber space , has also argued that these crimes clearly infringe on women’s civil rights .
it’s not just that photographs like lawrence’s violated women’s rights to privacy and constituted theft , or that they might be considered pornographic or offensive . it’s that the perpetrators sought to attack the women , humiliate them , assault their dignity , and interfere with their lives and well being because they are women . revenge porn is overwhelmingly perpetrated against women by men , and is rooted in displaying male dominance . there is nothing new in this type of female dehumanization . what’s new is its digitized and scalable industrialization . the attack on female celebrities sends a clear message that even the most admired and powerful women can be treated this way .
if there is one silver lining in this , it’s that the women who were targeted are not being stigmatized or punished and that the trajectory of traditional shame seems to be reversing in a way that accrues to the perpetrator , and not the victims , of these assaults .
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has been lax in adjudicating sex crimes , such as rape and sexual enslavement for the majority of its existence .
while the tribunal failed to address the pervasive use of rape as a weapon of the rwandan genocide during its first four years of existence , the indictment of a former bougmestre , or mayor , in prosecutor v . akayesu for inciting sexual violence drew praise from the international community . akayesu was a groundbreaking decision that defined rape under international law and declared sexual violence and rape to be crimes against humanity . additionally , akayesu was the first decision to include rape and sexual violence in the definition of genocide . despite being a major victory for women , the subsequent paucity of indictments for gendered crimes weakened akeyasu ‘s impact on the ictr’s prosecutions of sexual violence .
after akayesu , the ictr missed opportunities to obtain indictments for rape . in prosecutor v . kajelijeli the defendant was a bougmestre who allegedly conspired with subordinates to commit genocide , including the rape and assault of tutsi women . kajelijeli was convicted of genocide , but acquitted of the rape charges . despite the likelihood that the rape charges would have been reinstated , the prosecutor’s office missed the deadline for appeal .
the court recognized that coercion was implicit when rape was prosecuted under theories of genocide , war crimes , and crimes against humanity . it held that the mechanical definition of rape , in which coercion was an element , did not reflect the realities of rape during times of conflict . the muhimana court determined that the prosecution did not have to prove coercion , and that coercion would henceforth be presumed in cases of rape under international law . although muhimana is a victory for women’s rights and enhances the ictr’s legacy , the repeated failure to prosecute rape and sexual assault limits the positive effects that these cases may have otherwise had . further , the ictr’s impending closure limits opportunities to provide the actual victims with justice and redress .
to ensure that the recent changes in the ictr positively impact victims , it is necessary to conduct community outreach and educate citizens about the ictr’s activities . by providing victims and witnesses with information about the outcomes of ictr trials , citizens can share in the accomplishment of convicting perpetrators of genocide . emphasizing the victim’s role in achieving convictions would help to achieve redress for the wrongs committed .
additionally , culturally - sensitive community education about rape , sexual violence , and associated stigma should be conducted . such programs would inform communities that rape is not the victim’s fault and could help change societal attitudes towards sexual violence . while it is likely that the success of community education programs will be limited due to the tribunal’s impending closure , at a minimum , these programs would provide victims of sexual violence with a source of comfort and reinforce that they were not at fault for the atrocities that they experienced .
opinions expressed in jurist commentary are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of jurist ' s editors , staff , donors or the university of pittsburgh .
on july 9 , 1778 , eight states - new hampshire , massachusetts bay , rhode island , connecticut , new york , pennsylvania , virginia and south carolina - signed and ratified the articles of confederation , the first american constitution . the articles took formal effect after ratification by maryland on march 1 , 1781 .
on july 9 , 2002 , the african union ( au ) was established in addis ababa , ethiopia . read the constitutive act of the african union .
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graham and bowling - 1 , 721 14 - 25 year olds : males more likely to offend but it was a smaller difference than that recorded in os . males were 2 . 33 x more likely to admit to having committed an offence in the previous 12 months - whereas os show males as 4 x more likely to offend
winlow - study of bouncers in sunderland an area of de - industrialisation and unemployment . working as bouncers in pubs and clubs provided young men with both paid work and the opportunity for illegal business ventures in drugs , duty free tobacco and alcohol and protection rackets . as well as opportunity to demonstrate masculinity through use of violence
4 . starter• make a list of typical male and female crimes . are their any similarities or differences ? are there more offences for males and females ? • why do you think women are more likely to shoplift ?
6 . • females more likely to be convicted of property offences than males ( except burglary ) . males more likely to be convicted of violence or sexual offences• males more likely to be repeat offenders , to have longer criminal careers and commit more serious crimes ( 15 x more likely to be convicted of homicide )
12 . evidence for : • graham & bowling - showed differences between os and self report studies• flood - page et al - found that women who had admitted to committing crimes were less likely to be charged compared to men• hood - 3 , 000 defendants - women were about one third less likely to be jailed in similar casesevidence against : • farrington & morris – women are not sentenced more leniently for comparable offences . box ( 1981 ) - if women are treated leniently , may be because their sentences are less serious . . also more likely to show remorse• buckle & farrington - study of shoplifting witnessed twice as many males shoplifting - despite fact that os are equal . suggesting women shoplifters may be more likely to be prosecuted than males
14 . • feminists argue that these double standards exist because the cjs is patriarchal . . . most evident in the way rape cases are dealt with . • walklate - in rape cases it is the victim who is on trial , since she has to prove her respectability in order to have her evidence acepted
19 . heidensohn : patriarchal control• heidensohn argues that women commit fewer crimes than men because patriarchal society imposes greater control over women , reducing their opportunities to offend . patriarchal control operates at home , in public and at work . • control at home - womens domestic roles imposes restrictions on their time and movement confining them to the house for long periods of time reducing opportunities to offend . daughters subject to patriarchal control e . g . not ale to go out or stay out late , developing a bedroom culture ( socialising at home ) and required to do housework reducing opportunities to engaged in deviant behaviour on streets
20 . • control in public - women fear sexual violence , media reporting of rapes helps to frighten women into staying at home . also a fear of being defined as not respectable ( clothing , make up etc can create a bad reputation ) . • control at work - womens subordinate positions at work reduces criminal opportunities . the ‘glass ceiling’ prevents women rising to senior positions where there are more ops for white collar crimes .
26 . • james messerschmidt ( 1993 ) - masculinity is a social construct or ‘accomplishment’ and men have to constantly work at constructing and presenting it to others . • some men have more resources than others to draw upon• messerschmidt argues that different masculinities co - exist within society . hegemonic masculinity is the dominant , prestigious form that most men wish to accomplish ( what is it defined as ? ) • some men have subordinated masculinities e . g . gay men who have no desire to accomplish hegemonic masculinity as well as lower class and some ethnic minority men who lack resources to do so
29 . postmodernist ideas about masculinity• loss of traditional manual jobs in recent years . these helped working class men express masculinity• growth of night - time leisure economy that many men can gain legal employment form , criminal opportunities & express masculinity• winlow – study of bouncers in sunderland showed this• organised criminal subculture emerging in nightlife economy – violence is a way to earn a living
30 . • reputation and employability depends on their bodily capital• body – symbol of worth – looking the part – signs of masculinity . . . . ( the sign is all – geek gets muscle and tats ! ) • winlow study shows how expression of masculinity changes with the move from a modern industrial society to a postmodern , industrial once . • the change opens up new criminal opportunities for men who are able to use violence to express masculinity
31 . taskusing material from this handout andelsewhere , write a newspaper / magazine style article about youngmen and reasons for their criminalbehaviour . include reference to ‘fictionalcharacters’ that you go out observingand interview – like the moss sidestory )


hammer of the gods is a 2013 british action film directed by farren blackburn and released on 5 july 2013 .

in it , a dying viking king sends his son on a quest to seek out his older brother , the clan 's only hope for defeating an approaching enemy horde .

hammer of the gods ( 2013 film )

touches of class . . . hammer of the gods . photograph : luke varley
odin uses mjölnir , a hammer , to banish thor . a ban hammer .
looking for movie tickets ? enter your location to see which movie theaters are playing hammer of the gods near you .
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so hammer of the gods is that most unexpected and unlikely of films , a viking apocalypse then - but while it is an enjoyable enough romp , trying to out - hammer the impact of coppola ' s masterpiece is as foolhardy as challenging the gods themselves .
more like hammer of the mortals as there are no gods present . even if you are speaking metaphorically saying the humans are akin to gods , it is still not accurate as they were not godlike either .
hilariously , heimdall was described in myth as
the whitest of the gods .
hammer of the gods starring charlie bewley , clive standen , james cosmo synopsis : the true story of oscar , a 22 - year - old bay area resident , who crosses paths with friends , enemies , family , and strangers on the last day of 2008 . cast : charlie bewley , clive standen , james cosmo release date : july 5th , 2013 genre : drama director : farren blackburn check our website : urltoken click to subscribe : urltoken here you ' ll find movie reviews , movie trailers , celebrity interviews , movie and entertainment news and much more ! check out our network : - urltoken - urltoken - urltoken - urltoken - urltoken - urltoken - urltoken follow us on twitter : urltoken follow us on facebook : urltoken follow us on google plus : urltoken new movie trailers every day !
hammer of the gods
hammer of the gods movie
hammer of the gods trailer
hammer of the gods 2013
hammer of the gods official trailer # 1
charlie bewley
clive standen
james cosmo
hammer of the gods
sees a group of vikings going on a journey and no additional details are really needed . one of them is looking for his brother . blabla .
gray rain of depression : the rain when thor tries to lift his hammer and failed .
: odin ' s words for the hammer imply thor must become a worthy king to lift the hammer . instead , it comes flying to his hand the moment he
thor ' s story continues in the 2012 crossover film the avengers , the 2013 sequel thor the dark world , avengers sequel avengers age of ultron , the 2017 sequel thor ragnarok , avengers infinity war and the yet untitled fourth avengers film .
rammstein , the dark gods of hard rock | all media content | dw | 02 . 06 . 2016
[ blu - ray review ] this blu - ray disc of
hammer of the gods
looks aesthetically beautiful , brought to life in all its moody , fog - drenched glory . my only wish is that the film itself was better .
the package hammer of the gods arrived in 2013 . it had the misfortune to follow a plethora of similarly themed films like beowulf and grendel , 300 , black death , valhalla rising and centurion , and so didnít seem quite as novel or interesting as it might have 5 - 10 years earlier . it did , however , receive a limited theatrical release courtesy of magnet releasing . incidentally , the filmís producers rupert preston and huberta von liel teamed up for another medieval splatter - thon in 2015ís sword of vengeance , whose reception essentially matched that of hammer of the gods .
deus ex machina : thor comes back to life just as his father ' s
worthiness
decree comes true . justified as this is a film about actual gods ( or at least aliens called gods ) and it fits the tone .
hammer of plot advancement : once thor has proven himself worthy of wielding mjölnir , his powers and strength return .
the trailer for the first movie makes it seem like thor reclaims the hammer in awesome fashion in the rain .
subscribe to trailers : urltoken subscribe to coming soon : urltoken hammer of the gods official trailer # 1 ( 2013 ) - viking movie hd action epic sees a passionate young man transform into a brutal warrior as he travels the unforgiving landscape in search of his long lost brother hakan the ferrocious , whose people are relying on him to restore order to their kingdom .
in addition to writing about classic film , dileo hosts classic - film series , appears often on radio shows , and conducts film - history seminars .
loki subtly uses some at the beginning of the film . specifically , he says the
attempts a genuine selfless sacrifice , which eventually deems him worthy , and he gets his hammer back .
throwing your hammer always works : sure , when it comes back to you after you throw it .
bay shore hammer of the gods , rock . sept . 14 at 8 p . m . $ 40 and $ 45 . boulton center for the performing arts , 37 west main street . ( 631 ) 969 - 1101 ; boultoncenter . org .
extremely short timespan : the bulk of the film takes place over the span of two or three days .
near the end of the film , loki lays something akin to this on thor .
everything ' s better with spinning : the way the bifröst is opened . thor spinning his hammer also has quite awesome results .
jötunn soldier : run back home , little princess . [ thor smirks and readies his hammer ] loki : damn .
god guise : while the asgardians in the comic book are physical gods , in the movie they avoid that designation — fandral talks about humans
worshiping [ them ] as gods
, but doesn ' t claim to actually be one . ( jane specifically invokes sufficiently advanced technology ) .
legendary weapon : mjolnir is a one - of - a - kind hammer and can only be wielded by the person ( s ) deemed worthy .
comic which was made to be closer to the film than the regular comics .
the
whitest of gods
can never have been about his skin color , which the vikings must have been unconcerned with ; as a rainbow god he stands for purity .
the tomatometer score — based on the opinions of hundreds of film and television critics — is a trusted measurement of critical recommendation for millions of fans . it represents the percentage of professional critic reviews that are positive for a given film or television show .
southampton “2013 juried art exhibition , ” group show . sept . 10 through oct . 6 . southampton cultural center , 25 pond lane . ( 631 ) 287 - 4377 ; southamptonculturalcenter . org .
super cell reception : jane has no problem making a phone call despite being in the new mexican desert and thor ' s hammer scrambling electronics .
a film and theater scholar at brooklyn college and the graduate center of city university of new york traces the changing representation of new york city district , with particular attention to the gangster film . massood earlier wrote black city cinema : african american urban experiences in film and edited the spike lee reader .
stagnating under the heel of the secrecy - obsessed , budget - slashing , and culture - hating conservative minority government in ottawa , the national film board of canada no longer allows access for film scholars .
like game of thrones crossed with braveheart but stripped of most of the budget , this scrappy film tells an intriguing story without the usual hollywood bombast .
really , the first half hour of the film is a series of curb stomps as a way to show how awesome everyone is .
releases his grip on the spear at the climax of the film and hurtles across the universe . this is immediately followed by odin who
the bifröst bridge remaining open and causing destruction upon the world it links to is mentioned by heimdall in the beginning of the film .
at its core , the plot of hammer of the gods is no more than a quest film where the king sends his most deserving son off on a journey to recover a more ferocious force to save the clan . on the surface , the film is his trek across the countryside along with his closest warriors . they face a variety of dangers , meet new found friends and suffer surprising enemies . but , just below the surface , is a subtext that is far more interesting and satisfying , the personal journey of steinar . the blood , blades and babes along the way are all fun action beats , but the emotional cadence provides the depth bubbling to the surface during the final act when steinar returns to face the king’s earlier decisions and motivations . oddly , it becomes a viking coming of age film .
it can also be used to imprison anyone who isn ' t worthy , simply by putting the hammer down on them , which is how thor beats loki .
hollywood and the american historical film edited by j . e . smyth ( macmillan )
a cinema of poetry : aesthetics of the italian art film by joseph luzzi ( johns hopkins university press ) . antonioni , bertolucci , de sica , fellini , pasolini , rossellini… and film’s relations with literature .
in his “lucid and penetrating account , ” as film scholar steven shaviro of wayne state university puts it , dixon also describes what came next : the switch to television production and some distribution of independent film .
loki is a jerk , but putting thor on the throne of asgard at the beginning of the film wouldn ' t have ended well for anyone . he also accuses odin of
: in a flashback at the beginning of the film , we see odin telling young thor and loki about the war with jötunheim .
nothing to do with arthur c . clarke ' s the hammer of god , in which a giant asteroid smashes into earth , or hammer of the gods , a rock bio in which led zeppelin do pretty much the same thing , vertigo films ' hammer of the gods takes us back to the middle - ages for a good , old - fashioned bout of viking carnage . if you were to look at this new poster and think that there was just a hint of 300 and valhalla rising about it , you ' d not find any disagreement in these parts . valhalla , another vertigo joint , had mads mikkelsen as a one - eyed norseman on an existential journey . in this case it ' s charlie bewley , demetri of twilight fame , who ' s on a viking mission in 871 ad britain as steinar , the angry - looking dude on the poster . his father , king bagsecg ( james cosmo , braveheart ) , sends him on a quest to find his exiled brother ; a plot with shakespearean undertones and ,
a senior lecturer in spanish at newcastle university , uk ( carmen on film : a cultural history , 2007 ; daniel calparsoro , 2009 ) edited this collection of essays by leading scholars of spanish film on such topics as controversy over the provisions for film funding in the cinema act of 2007 , the role of short films in spanish cinema , and the contrasting approaches of two “biopics” of st . teresa of avila . also discussed are such issues as genre , auteurism , stardom , the relationship between film and tv , the horror genre as voice of conservatism , and recuperation through documentaries of memories of the civil war .
2011 saw cavill playing leading man , this time in the form of warrior theseus in the swords - and - gods epic the immortals . the next year cavill played a wall street trader in the thriller cold light of day , co - starring bruce willis and sigourney weaver .
a professor of media cultures at the college of staten island , city university of new york ( coauthor of global hong kong and coeditor of the encyclopedia of contemporary american culture ) explores the role of festivals in the film industry . she considers the constellations of art , business , and glamor represented by the gatherings of movies , stars , directors , and critics . she writes about the history of such events . she also situates festivals within changing global practices of film , and explores the events’ construction of cinema knowledge .
when thor , after beating through all of s . h . i . e . l . d . ' s security , stands before his hammer mjölnir ready to reclaim it .
hilariously , tadanobu asano had played genghis khan in the film mongol a few years earlier .
heimdall is now played by a black actor , idris elba . the film ' s version of heimdall was carried over into the
a malaysian legal scholar and independent film director and producer compares the film - censorship practices of the three countries , from the perspective of both censors and filmmakers . he examines the censorship laws , policies , guidelines , and processes and evaluates film practitioners’ and censors’ opinions of censorship , and ways of dealing with them . he then proposes changes to the malaysian system that would provide greater transparency and accountability to the system , to reconcile it with free speech , and to make it more responsive to the needs of filmmakers and the film industry .
john williams’s film music : jaws , star wars , raiders of the lost ark , and the return of the classical hollywood music style by emilio audissino ( university of wisconsin press ) . the neoclassicism of the composer , born 1932 .
precision crash : mjölnir ends up in the middle of the desert as the stinger in one of the iron man movies , nowhere important until thor ' s film itself starts .
the disney company has an extensive film library which i imagine is responsible for the post - mickey works .
a survivor of the great siege of rochester castle fights to save his clan from celtic raiders . a sequel to the 2011 film ,
ironclad .
i won’t beat around the bush . ‘hammer of the gods’ was a slog . a dull and infuriating slog . it takes a subject matter i am interested in and delivers it in such a tedious manner that i contemplated turning it off at least once every minute of its runtime . for some reason the creators felt that our viking protagonists needed to spout phrases such as “go fuck yourself” or that their poorly choreographed fight sequence would go down a treat with a dubstep score… . i… . i just… . ugh . this film drove me to the edge of my patience and then chucked me off . the characters spent half the film walking from one place to the next and that was probably…
an earlier version of these listings misidentified the film “any day now” being shown at the cinema arts center in huntington on sept . 12 . it is the 2012 film directed by travis fine , not the 2009 documentary directed by jeff wyatt wilson .
doing in the wizard : played with . while the comics firmly depict the asgardians as gods who are magical in nature . in the film , asgardians are explicitly aliens , with their powers kept ambiguous . some of it is attributed to advanced technology , but loki ' s powers are explicitly called magic . the asgardians do not draw a distinction between the two as modern humans do .
tech - noir film : a theory of the development of popular genres by emily e . auger ( intellect books , uk ; distributed in us by university of chicago press )
when all you have is a hammer : averted , but definitely worth mentioning partly because thor ' s weapon of choice is a hammer and partly because it ' s part of thor ' s character development . mjölnir is a fine example of a swiss army weapon , able to shoot lightning , return to its wielder ' s hand when thrown , and grant flight , just for starters . the trick is thinking of nonviolent uses for it , which doesn ' t occur to thor at the start of the movie .
figuring the past : period film and the mannerist aesthetic by belen vidal ( amsterdam university press , distributed by university of chicago press ) .
the ‘evil child’ in literature , film and popular culture , by karen j . renner ( routledge )
explores the documentary film and its contemporary media forms to reveal its status as factual , story , art , and political . cowie , a professor of film at the university of kent , addresses the seeming paradox between the pleasures of spectacle in the documentary and its project of informing and educating , through which it creates a new understanding of spectatorship . in the visible evidence series .
i had remarkable assistance from film archives throughout the country , but these are just some of the challenges facing independent scholars who are financing much of their own research .
: thor desperately tries to get his hammer back and his heartbroken when he can ' t lift it , but eventually accepts it . later , when loki sends the destroyer to earth , thor
too dumb to live : a frost giant soldier thinks it ' s a good idea to insult thor as
little princess .
thor responds him by striking the bastard with his hammer .
the rednecks trying to pull out thor ' s hammer act just like horny vikings —they bring on the food and booze , engage in competitions of strength , and laugh uproariously when things go wrong . that ' s a lot of real rednecks for you .
in a crossover phase , german folk music star heino covered well - known rock and pop songs , including rammstein ' s
sonne
( sun ) . in 2013 , the group invited heino to join them onstage at wacken open air . facing 75 , 000 metal fans and flanked by flames and smoke , heino sang together with rammstein - looking slightly startled . the periodical
metal - hammer
tweeted :
did heino know where he ' d landed ?
new austrian film edited by robert von dassanowsky and oliver c . speck ( berghahn books )
. a professor of film studies at concordia university , montreal , discusses “committed” documentary . the book collects for the first time his essays ( 1974 - 2008 ) which relate the media form to the history of the left , and address how the documentary film’s history and aesthetics bears on issues of the democratic performance of citizens and artists . waugh analyzes an international selection of films from the 1920s to the present – from those of the industrialized societies of north america and europe to those of 1980s india . he addresses such canonical directors as dziga vertov , emile de antonio , barbara hammer , rosa von praunheim , and anand patwardhan . includes discussions of lgbt documentary pioneers and the firebrand collectives that changed the history of documentary , such as challenge for change and act up’s women’s collective . in the
merchants of menace : the business of horror cinema ed . richard nowell ( bloomsbury academic ) . essays on horror - film production , style , marketing , and distribution : american horror cinema and horror literature of the late 1960s and 1970 ; how studios shaped zombie films from 1932 to 1946 ; hammer “heritage” horror in 21st - century britain , australian horror , psychiatry’s interventions into the postwar horror business…
the national archives also contain valuable legal records , enabling me to reconstruct in some detail the production history of one lost scottish film , the memorably titled football daft , which was the subject of a breach of copyright action .
hot blooded : thor is very much this , particularly at the beginning of the film . this is why he invades the frost giant world and gets banished .
leading scholars from film - related fields discuss the theoretical and historical contexts of films made about the american past , from silent film to the present . the book offers a fresh assessment of studio era historical filmmaking and its legacy across a range of genres in relation to such topics as giambattista vico’s “age of heroes” and john ford’s the man who shot liberty valance .
not using the z word : none of the asgardians ever claim to be a
god
— and all the modern - day humans seem to immediately categorize them as sufficiently advanced aliens — though odin and volstagg do reference the fact that at one time humans had identified asgardians as gods .
animating film theory ed . karen beckman ( duke university press ) . essays on e . g . neglect of animation .
an associate professor of english and film studies at the university of missouri–columbia ( native recognition : indigenous cinema and the western ) makes the case that smoke signals , a 198 feature film based on a short - story collection by sherman alexie , is a milestone in native american filmmaking . it was the first wide - release feature film written , directed , coproduced , and acted by native americans . it was also the most popular native american film of all time , and an innovative work of cinematic storytelling . she says it embeds , within a universal story of familial loss and renewal , a variety of uniquely indigenous perspectives : about political sovereignty , hollywood’s long history of misrepresentation , and the rise of indigenous cinema . she includes interviews with alexie and director chris eyre , among others , and explores the film’s audiovisual and narrative strategies . she examines the filmmakers’ appropriation of mainstream american popular culture forms to tell a native story . she also considers the production and reception of the film .
set in viking britain in 871 ad , hammer of the gods is a visceral , intense tale set in a world whose only language is violence . a young viking warrior , steinar ( charlie bewley ) , is sent by his father the king on a quest to find his estranged brother , who was banished from the kingdom many years before . steinar’s epic journey across terrifyingly hostile territory gradually sees him emerge as the man his father wants him to be – the ruthless and unforgiving successor to his throne .
a film and media scholar at indiana university and editorial - board member of film criticism examines the notorious 1946 cartoon film’s retelling of the stories of uncle remus . he analyzes the walt disney company film’s reception and relation to race relations over seven decades . the film used cartoon characters and live actors to retell joel chandler harris’s stories . in the movie , a kindly black uncle remus tells tales of brer rabbit , brer fox , and the “tar baby” to adoring white children , and it increased in popularity despite objections to its condescending and outdated depictions of black americans . disney has withheld the film from american audiences since the late 1980s . sperb explains how audience perceptions of sots have reflected debates over race in the larger society . he also explores why and how disney has repurposed and repackaged elements of sots such as the oscar - winning “zip - a - dee - doo - dah” to an enthusiastic fan base .
born on may 5 , 1983 , on the island of jersey in britain & apos ; s channel islands , henry cavill pursued acting as a teen before landing roles in the count of monte cristo and tristan & isolde . he later landed one of the lead roles in the showtime series the tudors and also worked with woody allen in the comedy whatever works . in the summer of 2013 , cavill starred as dc comics hero superman in zack snyder & apos ; s man of steel , reprising the role in 2016 for superman v batman : dawn of justice .
the records of the scottish home department were useful in reconstructing the debate over the sunday opening of cinemas , an ongoing debate across the first half of the century .
the pedagogical imagination : the republican legacy in twenty - first century french literature and film by leon sachs ( university of nebraska press ) . the works of agnes varda , erik orsenna , abdellatif kechiche , francois begaudeau , and others provide insight into french conceptions of national identity and values . sachs emphasizes less “what” literature and film say about education to “how” they say it , and argues that the most important literary and film treatments of french education explore questions of education through experiments with form .
cindy sherman’s office killer : another kind of monster by dahlia schweitzer ( intellect books , dist’d university of chicago press ) a study of office killer , 1997 , the american photographer’s only feature film .
green eyes : loki , in the posters ; ◊ in the actual film , his eyes are blue . he later admits he was envious of thor .
henry cavill is a tv and film actor known for his roles in ' the tudors , ' ' the immortals ' and ' man of steel . '
set in viking britain in 871 ad ,
hammer of the gods
is a visceral , intense tale set in a world whose only language is violence . a young viking warrior , steinar ( charlie bewley ) , is sent by his father the king on a quest to find his estranged brother , who was banished from the kingdom many years before . steinar’s epic journey across terrifyingly hostile territory gradually sees him emerge as the man his father wants him to be – the ruthless and unforgiving successor to his throne .
the black hole of the camera : the films of andy warhol by j . j . murphy ( university of california press )
masculinity and film performance : male angst in contemporary american cinema by donna peberdy ( palgrave macmillan ) .
when i began my doctoral research on czech and slovak cinema , i realized that tracking down films would present a challenge , and i found it necessary to cast my net – whether over the net or elsewhere – as wide as possible . screenings at film archives comprised a significant part , though by no means the bulk , of my viewing . i saw prints at both the bfi in london and the national film archive in prague ( an excellent archive and one of the world’s oldest , though many of its native holdings are of course unsubtitled ) . the libraries of these institutions , along with the library of the czech national film school famu , were also extremely useful as a source of film - related literature .
set in viking britain in 871 ad , hammer of the gods is a visceral , intense tale set in a world whose only language is violence . a young viking warrior , steinar ( charlie bewley ) , is sent by his father the king on a quest to find his estranged brother , who was banished from the kingdom many years before . steinar ' s epic journey across terrifyingly hostile territory gradually sees him emerge as the man his father wants him to be - the ruthless and unforgiving successor to his throne . ( c ) magnolia
a scholar of literature and film ( amorous acts : lacanian ethics in modernism , film , and queer theory ) applies psychoanalytic theory in a study of several films that present elaborate fantasies and prompt the viewer to project private fantasies onto them , including streitfeld’s female perversions , lynch’s mulholland drive , almodóvar’s volver , and haneke’s caché . she argues for taking julia kristeva as an important film theorist .
there had been very little work done on the primary documentation of scottish film or cinema prior to the book , so all sections made heavy reliance on archival resources .
spanish horror film by antonio lazaro - reboll ( edinburgh university press , distributed by columbia university press ) .
a senior lecturer in spanish at newcastle university draws on literature and film , viewed in the context of the variousness of spain’s terrains and their interactions – rural , urban , coastal – to explore modern spain’s sense of its its geographical and spatial understanding of itself .
a volume of essays on the work of austrian and austrian - trained filmmakers . authors contend that despite the accomplishments of filmmakers like of barbara albert , michael haneke , stefan ruzowitzky , and ulrich seidl , austrian film has been under - appreciated , to date , for its politically and aesthetically significant filmmaking over the past decade , achieved despite poor funding . one editor , robert von dassanowsky , a professor of german and film studies at the university of colorado at colorado springs , previous wrote austrian cinema : a history ( 2005 ) , the first english language survey of that nation’s film art . the other , oliver c . speck , an assistant professor of film studies at virginia commonwealth university , has written about narrative strategies and the representation of memory and history in european cinema in such books as funny frames : the filmic concepts of michael haneke ( 2010 ) .
to mark the release of dark relic on dvd and blu - ray april 16th , koch media have given us three copies of the movie to give away on dvd . thor ( zachary ty bryan – the fast and the furious : tokyo drift ) and his companions set out on a journey to discover foreign coasts , striving for fame and honor . but when a scout goes missing on a strange island , the search party meet the terrified inhabitants of the land , terrorised by wild beasts . thor begins to have recurring dreams , telling him to start a quest for the hammer of the gods – a mighty weapon that can save the island . to be in with a chance of winning this great prize , simply click next to be taken to the entry form and question… .
when near the end of the film , thor , sif and the warriors three return to asgard . they stay to look after a weakened heimdall , while thor goes to face loki .
really 700 years old : all of the asgardians would have to be hundreds , if not thousands , of years old . based on the dates given in the film , loki would be 1046 - 1047 years old .
in general , when working on recent contemporary film across different national contexts , the difficult issues concern less questions of access to archives but more so access to film festivals and the difficulty of locating small production and distribution companies to receive copies of films for research , either if they do not enter mainstream distribution at all or before they are publicly available .
isn ' t just a tease but is integrated into the narrative in this film . while in im it looks like maybe a bunch of scientists trying to study
does initially begin the fight by kicking him around , it ' s because thor refuses to fight his brother until loki starts threatening jane foster . at which point , thor tackles him through the bifrost ' s observatory and lays his hammer on his chest .
some interesting archive issues came up . i began working in the russian documentary film archive ( rgakfd , krasnogorsk ) in 2000 while researching the films of [ russian pioneer of political documentary and inventor of cinéma vérite ] dziga vertov [ for the book dziga vertov : defining documentary film , 2007 ] and towards the end of that research , around 2005 , i began to wonder how the many soviet films depicting nazi atrocities related to what we know as the holocaust and whether they were known and recognised by film historians beyond , or indeed , inside , russia .
essays on ways the life and work of jane austen is re - framed and re - imagined in literature and popular culture , including in the bollywood film bride and prejudice .
actor george reeves was best known as superman on the popular 1950s television show the adventures of superman . the series made him a household name , but brought an end to his film career .
while working on the book , i also went to paris , aix - en - provence , and avignon to visit their archives as they related to film , colonial documents , and photographs . i found it immensely enriching to review the archived documents surrounding a burgeoning film culture in colonial việt nam . however , these archival spaces only served to dramatically contrast with the kinds of spaces i visited in việt nam . my archival experiences in việt nam are an index of how film scholarship in the country is underdeveloped and uneven , mired in bureaucratic and financial problems . within a vietnamese context in which world cinema , film books , and even some classic vietnamese films are hard to find , an academic film culture has yet to find firm ground in this postwar country . the myriad conversations i had with students of film and writers and directors in the country only confirm this .
for documentaries on campion and her work , i needed to make use of the new zealand film archive in wellington . the margaret herrick library at the academy of motion picture arts and sciences also holds the screenplays of several of her films , and these are significant , because there are significant differences between the scripts and the eventual films .
averted in the case of the asgardian army which is capable of fighting frost giants perfectly well .
big good : odin is the king of asgard and the highest authority against laufey , the king of jötunheim . the fragile peace between them is the catalyst of the movie ' s plot .
a scholar of writing , literature , and cinema at virginia tech , michael bliss is the author or editor of eight books of film criticism , including justified lives : morality and narrative in the films of sam peckinpah , doing it right : the best criticism on sam peckinpah’s the wild bunch , and dreams within a dream : the films of peter weir .
battle in the rain : thor ' s battle against the s . h . i . e . l . d . agents to recover his hammer takes place on a cloudy night that rains harder and harder the closer thor gets to failure . culminating in a drenching downpour .
an assistant professor of music and new media at utrecht university analyzes the relations of music and sound to the gothic in literature , film , television , and video games – the spectral beings of early cinema , virtual terrors in video games – as well as the goth subculture .
an associate professor emeritus of communication and a professor emeritus of canadian studies at the university of calgary describe the history of film exhibition in the canadian prairie west from the first movie exhibition halls to the digital revolution . theyhighlight the pivotal role of amusement venues as both a social practice and commercial enterprise that shaped the leisure activities of working - and middle - class people across north america , and in particular propelled the canadian prairie west into modernity .
henry fonda was an award - winning american actor best known for him film roles in the grapes of wrath ( 1940 ) and on golden pond ( 1981 ) .
an assistant professor of communication at the university of tampa analyzes film documents of many varieties of music , from rock to experimental video art featuring modernist compositions . he explores links between moving images and musical movement to ask such questions as why performance is offered considered mere skill while composition is afforded the status of art .
cavill , an avid gamer in his off - hours , was playing world of warcraft when he received a call from director zack snyder that he & apos ; d won the part of superman in the christopher nolan –produced man of steel , with a u . s . release in june 2013 . the film co - stars russell crowe as the main character & apos ; s biological father jor - el ( cavill had met crowe as a teen ) , diane lane and kevin costner as adoptive parents martha and jonathan kent , amy adams as reporter lois lane and laurence fishburne as newspaper editor - in - chief perry white .
an associate professor of comparative literature and film studies at the university of california at berkeley examines important moments in japanese arts from the 1960s to the early 1980s , focusing on underground ( post - shingeki ) theater and on related works of experimental film and video , buto dance , and photography during an era of postwar activism and idealism in japan . she emphasizes the sophisticated theoretical grounding of the developments , and locates experimental arts in a sustained dialog with key issues in critical theory .
film festivals : culture , people , and power on the global screen by cindy hing - yuk wong ( rutgers university press ) .
same character , but different : jane foster , a nurse or similar role in most portrayals , is in the film an astrophysicist .
a film - studies scholar at the university of nebraska at lincoln who is the author of such books as 21st century hollywood : movies in the era of transformation ( with gwendolyn audrey foster ) , a history of horror , and film noir and the cinema of paranoia ( all rutgers university press ) , examines the final years of the studio system and such legendary bosses as louis b . mayer and jack l . warner . he assesses the last days of the “rulers of film” – such film - empire moguls as harry cohn at columbia , louis b . mayer at mgm , jack l . warner at warner brothers , adolph zukor at paramount , and herbert j . yates at republic . he asserts that because they made the studios through their sheer force of personality and business acumen , their deaths or departures hastened the studios’ collapse . why ? because almost none cultivated leaders to succeed them because they couldn’t imagine studios without them .
an associate professor of english at george washington university applies insights from neuroscience and communications psychology in a scene - by - scene analysis of four film versions of shakespeare’s play . he seeks to show how the films – by laurence olivier , franco zeffirelli , kenneth branagh , and michael almereyda – rework shakespeare’s play into powerful films by cannily deploying film devices .
wham episode : with the appearance of thor and the destroyer in new mexico , the existence of other worlds is known to the people of earth . the movie also introduces the tesseract , the macguffin of the avengers and an infinity stone , as well as loki , one of the universe ' s biggest villains .
bloodless carnage : when shown the view through the frost - monster ' s now - aerated head , the hole has little to no discernible dripping blood . likewise , thor is surprisingly clean for having flown through there hammer - first . inexplicably , when he flies through , you see a giant gush of gore out the exit wound .
sex scene : media and the sexual revolution ed . eric schaefer ( duke university press ) essays on film , television , recorded sound , and publishing involvement in “the sexual revolution” of the 1960 / 70s — sexploitation , sex - ed film , erotic - film festivals , sexual innuendo on the love boat , gay porn , and other evidence that sex circulated in the public sphere , from the mainstream to the fringe . scholars of cultural studies , history , and media studies highlight the increasingly fluid divide between public and private , the rise of consumer and therapeutic cultures , and the relationship between identity politics and individual rights .
by sean o’connell urltoken hammer of the gods ! marvel’s sequel to last summer’s hit , “thor , ” suddenly finds itself in search of a new director after “ monster ” helmer patty jenkins bailed over “creative differences . ” jenkins was set to replace original “thor” director kenneth branagh , who left to focus on smaller , more intimate fare . in a thr issue due to hit stands on thursday , jenkins – who was set to be the first female director of a marvel studios film – admitted , “i have a long love of superhero films and i’d been saying over and over again to my agents at caa that i’d like to do one . that’s the real revolution . the marvel guys are so brave in terms of who they choose overall , and i don’t think they had any pause about me being a woman . “i met with all the actors and to my surprise ,
essays that examine the exchange of asian identities taking place at the levels of both film production and film reception amongst pan - pacific cinemas . the authors consider films that exhibit “marked transnationality” and also the multiple meanings attributed to transnational films . topics include the innovation of hollywood generic formulas in 1950s and 1960s hong kong and japanese films ; the examination of thai and japanese raced and gendered identity in asian and american films ; the reception of hollywood films in pre - 1949 china and millennial japan ; the production and performance of asian adoptee identity and subjectivity ; the political implications and interpretations of migrating chinese female stars ; and the production and reception of pan - pacific co - productions .
as for “paper archives , ” my 10 essays benefited from the resources of such archives as the museum of modern art , the anthology film archives , the cinémathèque québécoise , the joris ivens archives then housed at the nederlands filmmuseum and more recently at the joris ivens european foundation , the national film archives of india , our own concordia university archive , the national film board of canada – not to mention private collections and community lgbtq archives in montreal , toronto , and san francisco , where one often went for stuff that official archives didn’t collect or hid ( accidentally or on purpose ) . some of these archives seemed underfunded at the time , but no doubt in the era of privatization and cutbacks , the situation may now actually be worse in terms of accessibility and resources – with the internet only partially compensating for the new austerity .
example ; the trailers for the film were regarded by many as somewhat underwhelming , but the scale and acting and dialogue have turned out to be closer to the comics than many feared .
turvey , who is an editor of mit press’s quarterly arts journal october , is also working with nyu’s richard allen on a book about “film and mind , ” examining the tradition of theorizing about their relations . according to a sarah lawrence college statement , turvey and allen “excavate this tradition and point out its flaws , such as the loose nature of the analogies that are drawn between film and mental phenomena . ” they also try “to clarify certain core psychological concepts in film theory , drawing on the ordinary - language philosophical tradition of wittgenstein , austin , and ryle . they define terms such as ‘imagination , ’ ‘see , ’ and ‘think’ – concepts which most film theorists misunderstand and misuse . ”
making a promised land : harlem in 20th - century photography and film by paula j . massood ( rutgers university press )
patrick stewart is an award - winning british star of stage and screen known for his roles in ' star trek : the next generation ' and the ' x - men ' film series .
a professor of english at james madison university and a professor of italian at the university of virginia consider how the study and reception of film has changed with the advent of movies on dvd “contextualized” with “extras” such as commentaries by directors , writers , and actors . the book draws on interviews with dvd producers , directors , and scholars to explore how the format can combine the enthusiasm of a fan , cinematic nostalgia , and scholarly insight . the book includes a chapter on the criterion collection as standard - setter and a case study of the films of atom egoyan .
the ultimate fate of the the destroyer and the casket of ancient winters remains unexplored . presumably s . h . i . e . l . d . took custody of the former while the latter is last seen in the bifröst
it attempts to acknowledge the pain of warfare within the framework of a story that lends it patronizing closure .
the film opens with a shot of a young boy on a beach . he sees a viking ship sailing out of the fog , its sail billowing and its oars out . i did not count them , but it looked like about ten or fifteen oars on each side , so a minimum crew of twenty . this being the case , why did only six warriors emerge onto the cliff top to fight the saxon levies ? for that matter , why was the ship obviously under full sail when the oars were being used too ? these things jarred at the start , and this sense of wrongness continued when the fight began and i noticed that none of the warriors had a shield and that several of the weapons were blatantly anachronistic . the lack of shields is an issue all the way through the film until the very last scene . other issues included the ‘saxons’ dressed like ninjas with skull face masks and the blue - painted cave people at the end . then there was the ignorance of what a runestone was ; steinar had to ask what it was . finally , there are few female characters in the film and almost all are completely incidental to the plot . although advertised as a viking film set in 870 - 71 , this film quite clearly was not that . in reality it is a fantasy quest film and the setting need not have been england in the ninth century , because the events were quite generic with nothing that made it specifically viking in nature .
all there in the manual : half of the characters ' names , a good half of the plot , and all of the mythology come from the ancient norse legends . subverted , in that most of it isn ' t canon in the mcu .
cavill also signed on to star as cia operative napoleon solo in guy ritchie & apos ; s remake of the man from u . n . c . l . e . , with an august 2015 u . s . release . the spy drama , set in the 1960s , co - stars armie hammer , alicia vikander and hugh grant .
two of those , both of which the society has restored , are the passing of the oklahoma outlaw and daughter of dawn . the first is a four - reeler made in 1915 by a u . s . marshal named bill tilghman , mostly because he and his fellow lawmen were upset with a film spawned by one of their local outlaws , al jennings , called beating back .
an associate professor of english at carnegie mellon university draws on literature , film , and other realms in what claims to be the first book to explore the role of the railway in the indian imagination since colonial days – as a transformative technology , a rational utopia , a moving box in which racial and class differences might be amalgamated under a civic , secular , and public order . she views the ubiquitous railway as a symbol of the tensions of indian modernity , from gandhi’s nineteenth - century tour in a third - class compartment to the recent cinematic shenanigans of wes anderson’s the darjeeling limited . she studies the partition of india , labor relations , rituals of travel , works of literature and film , visual culture , and the mumbai train bombings of 2006 to identify incongruities she terms “counternarratives of modernity” that present a microcosm of tensions within indian modernity .