pan ( also released under the title two green feathers ) is a 1995 danish/norwegian/german film directed by the danish director henning carlsen .

it is based on knut hamsun 's 1894 novel of the same name , and also incorporates the short story " paper on glahn 's death " , which hamsun had written and published earlier , but which was later appended to editions of the novel .

it is the fourth and most recent film adaptation of the novel — the novel was previously adapted into motion pictures in 1922 , 1937 , and 1962 .

pan ( 1995 film )

with the headline : film festival review ; graduates whose hero could be peter pan .
anneke von der lippe won the 1995 norwegian international film festival ' s amanda award for best actress for her work in pan and another film , over stork og stein . she also won the 1996 danish bodil award for best supporting actress for pan .
peter & wendy : based on the novel peter pan by j . m . barrie
the film had its american premiere at the museum of modern art in new york city as part of moma ' s 1995 retrospective of films based on hamsun ' s work .
pan ( two green feathers ) -
har hun også vært her . . . i hytten ?
nahuel pan , a mapuche , decides to go to buenos aires in oder to announce the needs of his community .
“more treasures from american film archives” ( national film preservation foundation ) – for drawing much deserved attention to the excellent work of america’s national and regional film archives .
treasures from american film archives , vol . 4 : avant garde 1947 - 1986 ( national film preservation foundation ) .
special citation : to turner classic movies for the breadth and intelligence of its film programming and its commitment to film history .
when captain hook kidnaps his children , an adult peter pan must return to neverland and reclaim his youthful spirit in order to challenge his old enemy .
the red shoes . restored by ucla film & television archive with funding provided by the film foundation , hfpa and the louis b . mayer foundation
restoration of rashomon by the academy film archive , the national film center of the national museum of modern art , tokyo and kadokawa pictures , inc . with funding provided by kadokawa culture promotion foundation and the film foundation .
toyah has played the role of peter pan in theatre and radio adaptations of j m barrie’s classic tale of the boy who never grow up . first came a 1994 theatre production which premiered at chichester festival theatre and toured for the spring and summer of 1995 . this was followed by a sparkling full cast audio dramatisation for bbc radio 4 in late 1995 co - starring ron moody as captain hook , roy hudd as smee and june whitfield as mrs darling in this spectacular bbc radio 4 dramatisation , recorded in dolby surround sound with stunning sound effects and specially composed music .
film heritage award – to the national film preservation foundation for “treasures from american film archives , ” its four - dvd anthology of 50 films , “for preserving and propagating a body of films of cultural and historical significance , with an emphasis on non - hollywood films . ”
“the exiles , ” kent mackenzie’s realistic 1961 independent film about native americans in los angeles . ( restored by ross lipman of the ucla film & television archive and distributed by milestone . )
experimental film award–to robert beavers for his contributions to the field of avant - garde film as exemplified by his 1999 program in the new york film festival as well as his ongoing work as a visionary filmmaker and his activities in restoring and preserving the films of gregory j . markopoulos .
special citation to james katz and bob harris for their restoration of alfred hitchcock’s classic film vertigo .
pretty good film of one of my very favorite novels . pan , this director ' s second knut hamsun adaptation , is very talky , ramps up the melodrama and the romance angle , and creates a second storyline - years later , in the depths of the siamese jungle - from the novel ' s postscript . i ' d have done it completely differently : minimized the dialogue , put little emphasis on the drama , and scrapped the postscript altogether , as i see the book as essentially the story of a man cracking up all by his lonesome in the wilderness . unfortunately i doubt anyone ' ll ever let me film pan .
best picture went to neerja , a thriller based on the true story of a purser who helped save the lives of more than 350 passengers when libyan - backed hijackers stormed pan am flight 73 in karachi in 1986 .
this film is not currently playing on mubi but 30 other great films are . see what’s now showing
long believed lost , john ford’s 1927 backstage comedy was one of 75 silent - era american films discovered in the collection of the new zealand film archive and repatriated under the auspices of the national film preservation foundation with the collaboration of the academy film archive , park road post production , and twentieth century fox .
“too much johnson” : the surviving reels from orson welles’s first professional film . discovered by cinemazero ( pordenone ) and cineteca del friuli ; funded by the national film preservation foundation ; and restored by the george eastman house .
held in a different city overseas each year to showcase what is the most prolific film industry in the world and the soft power of india , the 2017 event comes with indian film on the up in north america .
in 1966 carlsen had directed an acclaimed version of hamsun ' s hunger . thirty years later he returned to hamsun to make pan , a book he called
one big poem
. the film was produced primarily with norwegian resources , and classified as a norwegian film ; carlsen later expressed his dissatisfaction with the film ' s promotion by the norwegian film institute , saying that the institute had preferred to promote films with norwegian directors . carlsen said that he had decided to incorporate the
forgotten
material from
glahn ' s death
in order to find a
new angle
for filming the book . the glahn ' s death portion was filmed in thailand , standing in for the india location in the novel ( the 1922 film version had placed this material in algeria ) .
special citation to charles burnett’s nightjohn , a film whose exceptional quality and origin challenge strictures of the movie marketplace .
bamcinématek for its complete vincente minnelli retrospective with all titles shown on 16 mm . or 35 mm . film .
special citation “to the ucla film and television archives for its long - lived and heroic work in film preservation , restoration , and resurrection , including its recent rehabilitation of rehearsal and test footage from charles laughton’s night of the hunter .
special awards to donald richie and moma’s film department for japanese retrospective and to donald talbot of the new yorker theater .
a list of every single norwegian film that are listed on letterboxd . i will add the missing films over time .
special citation for reprinting of an expanded edition of one of the seminal collections of film criticism , manny farber’s negative space .
the tomatometer score — based on the opinions of hundreds of film and television critics — is a trusted measurement of critical recommendation for millions of fans . it represents the percentage of professional critic reviews that are positive for a given film or television show .
hilarious rendition of hamsun ' s
pan
. you know those pretentious black and white french films where the narrator is morose af , yeah its like a satire of that . but , insted of sad scenes with sad commentary its hilarious and bizarre scenes with sad commentary .
laurence kardish , senior film curator at moma , for his extraordinary 44 years of service , including this year’s weimar cinema retrospective .
“to ross lipman of the ucla film and television archives for the restoration of charles burnett’s killer of sheep and other independent films . ”
a collective production of the mariposa film group , this 1977 documentary was among the first films to give a free voice to members of the gay and lesbian community . restored by ross lipman for the ucla film & television archive and the outfest legacy project and distributed by milestone films .
“ unseen cinema , the 7 - disc dvd box set collection of pre - 1942 american avant - garde cinema assembled by anthology film archives , bruce posner , and david shepard — a massive and unprecedented undertaking made in concert with 60 other film archives and preservation organizations across the globe . ”
to ron magliozzi , associate curator , and peter williamson , film conservation manager , of the museum of modern art , for identifying and assembling the earliest surviving footage of what would have been the first feature film to star a black cast , the 1913 “lime kiln field day” starring bert williams .
1 . “to kino on video for its excellent dvd collections of f . w . murnau , erich von stroheim , and the american film theatre series” and
someday the next generation of film buffs will rent some of today ' s mega - buck blockbuster summer movies and watch them as b - movie camp .
dedication : this year’s awards are dedicated to the late andrew sarris , one of the most original and influential american film critics as well as a founding member of the society .
iifa selected gender equality as its cause of the year , despite a film industry often criticised for depicting women as meek and subjecting characters to aggressive methods of wooing by dominant male leads .
directed by noah baumbach ; written by mr . baumbach , based on his story written with oliver berkman ; director of photography , steven bernstein ; edited by j . kathleen gibson ; music by phil marshall ; production designer , dan whifler ; produced by joel castleberg ; released by trimark pictures . at alice tully hall tonight at 6 and tomorrow at 9 p . m . as part of the 33d new york film festival . opens friday at the angelika film center , mercer and houston streets , greenwich village . running time : 96 minutes . this film is rated r .
india’s biggest bollywood stars led a triumphant celebration of dance , music and fashion at the international indian film academy ( iifa ) awards recently , cheered by thousands of ecstatic fans just outside new york .
some films are unjustly labeled flops , such as cleopatra ( 1963 ) and waterworld ( 1995 ) , although both are included in the descriptions . in recent years , some of these low - income producing films have become profitable ( after initial box - office failures ) with strong international grosses , and further profits from the sales of movies to tv syndication and to home video / dvd releases ( or re - releases ) . a prominent example of a film which did very poorly in the us , ( i . e . , the golden compass ( 2007 ) ) with only $ 70 million ( domestic revenue ) , easily recouped its production budget costs of $ 180 million with $ 302 million ( foreign revenue ) - for a total of $ 372 million ( worldwide ) .
bombs vs . turkeys : this selection of box - office financial bombs is often significantly different from another category of films , known as
turkeys
- - or in other words , films which have been rated as the worst ever made . these clunkers have often received official golden raspberry awards ( or
razzies
) which were first awarded in 1981 ( for films made in 1980 ) , although some
turkeys
are included in this list ( such as showgirls ( 1995 ) and basic instinct 2 ( 2006 ) ) . the razzie awards were loosely based on the 1980 book the golden turkey awards written by film critic michael medved and his brother harry medved . many of the ' turkeys ' were also described in harry medved ' s earlier 1978 book the fifty worst films of all - time . in 1984 , the medveds also wrote the hollywood hall of shame : the most expensive flops in movie history - - detailing the biggest financial film disasters in hollywood history up to that time .
movie audiences often love to relish the fact that some films , such as final fantasy : the spirits within ( 2001 ) , cutthroat island ( 1995 ) or heaven ' s gate ( 1980 ) turn out to be monumental flops ( which bankrupted their studios ) , and are fascinated by the details of why certain directors / actors and their films fail . sometimes an actor ' s or director ' s career suffers , sometimes not . most a - list directors and actors have suffered through at least one major flop , including george lucas , steven spielberg , ang lee and brian depalma , to name just a few .
experimental film award – to guy maddin’s “the heart of the world . ” “guy maddin packs a feature’s worth of pyrotechnic wit into this six - minute tribute to the era of russian formalism , a gem of filmcraft and cinephilic intelligence . ”
film heritage award “to kino international for its theatrical release of the restored long version of fritz lang’s metropolis and its dvd releases of lang’s die nibelungen and the special boxed set of classic d . w . griffith silent features and shorts . ”
lionel rogosin’s revolutionary 1956 semi - documentary about men on new york’s skid row was restored by davide pozzi of the cineteca del comune di bologna in cooperation with the rogosin heritage and anthology film archives and distributed in the u . s . by milestone films .
the surface oxide film on titanium and its long - term stability in biological environments play a decisive role for the biocompatibility of titanium implants . in this study , the passive oxide film formed on titanium and its natural growth in a phosphate buffered solution with and without an h 2 o 2 addition have been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ( eis ) measurements over a period of several weeks . in the absence of h 2 o 2 , the impedance response indicated a stable thin oxide film on titanium . however , the introduction of h 2 o 2 into the solution resulted in significant changes in the eis - spectra , which varied with exposure time . the interpretation of results is based upon a two - layer model of the oxide film , consisting of a thin barrier - type inner layer and a porous outer layer . the h 2 o 2 addition in the solution led to a significant decrease in corrosion resistance of titanium and also to a thickening of the porous outer layer . the observations may provide an explanation of the unexpected in vivo titanium oxide growth and ion incorporation into titanium implant oxide surfaces .
2 . “ to milestone film & video for its exemplary theatrical and / or dvd presentations of michael powell’s the edge of the world , rupert julian’s the phantom of the opera , e . a dupont’s piccadilly , andré antoine’s la terre , and mad love , the films of evgeni bauer . ”
indian film is growing in north america , thanks to a thriving indian economy , an increasing and affluent south asian diaspora , and growing popularity among afghans , arabs , russians and caribbean immigrants . but if there were few non - south asians in sight , bollywood heroes walking the green carpet welcomed the ceremony as a chance to further the industry internationally .
though it is slighter and more familiar than the usual new york film festival selections ,
kicking and screaming
( which opens commercially at the angelika on friday ) benefits from an appealing cast and mr . baumbach ' s keen recollection of what it ' s like to be smart , promising and temporarily adrift . he himself clearly isn ' t drifting anymore .
the nsfc commends and congratulates our colleague kevin thomas for his 43 - year tenure as a movie critic at the los angeles times , for his tireless championing in the heart of the world’s movie capital of the power and beauty of independent , experimental and foreign film , for his long and important service to moviegoers around the industry , the country and the world .
this four - dvd set is the result of an eight - year effort by the british film institute , the cineteca bologna and lobster films in paris to gather and restore early generation , full - frame 35 - millimeter prints of charles chaplin’s earliest short comedies , allowing these historically and artistically important films to be seen for the first time in generations in versions approaching their original luster .
there are many reasons for a film to
bomb
at the box - office - the major causes are lack of studio promotion , heavy competition from other movies released at the same time , exorbitant production costs difficult to recoup and other production problems , negative word of mouth ( especially in the era of the internet and social media ) or critical reviews , and other external factors such as bad timing or economic problems in society at large .
films have the potential to skyrocket the profits of a studio , or to send it into ruins and bankruptcy . films that cost more to make than they acquire in revenue ( both domestic and worldwide ) are considered box - office catastrophes or bombs . studios split grosses with theater owners , so even if a movie makes as much as its production budget , it ' s still losing , and that ' s before even considering marketing costs . a film often must make almost double its budget to become profitable . most big box - office bombs are summer blockbusters which are enormously expensive and face stiff competition .
mixing the urbane cleverness of whit stillman ' s films with the more hang - loose social structure of films that generally star eric stoltz ( and he happens to be in this one ) ,
kicking and screaming
strikes a cheerfully solipsistic note . chris eigeman , the handsome young curmudgeon from mr . stillman ' s
metropolitan
and
barcelona ,
is an especially welcome presence as max , the self - styled watchdog who best demonstrates this film ' s archly literate verbal style . talking to a girl approaching her 17th birthday , max remarks :
so now you can read seventeen magazine and get all the references .
like baby birds with brand - new college diplomas , the four graduates in noah baumbach ' s
kicking and screaming
are having trouble leaving the nest . they prefer a pleasant limbo filled with witty asides , trivia contests and hair - splitting arguments about matters of no consequence . girlfriends notice this aimlessness (
the characters in grover ' s story spend time discussing the least important things ,
says one young woman , criticizing the film ' s would - be writer ) , but they don ' t really mind . audiences won ' t either , since
kicking and screaming
occupies its postage - stamp size terrain with confident comic style .
it ' s easier to make a character like max funny than to make him emotionally engaging , but mr . baumbach manages to do a bit of both . and he does the same with the story ' s most fully developed character , grover ( josh hamilton ) . grover has a father ( an oddly distant elliott gould ) who comes too close , a girlfriend ( olivia d ' abo ) who goes too far away and time on his hands to contemplate all his mistakes . the film succeeds in finding something sweetly romantic and visually fresh in grover ' s flashback memories of jane , along with allowing grover plenty of room for wisecracks .
prague ! you ' ll come back a bug !
he says contemptuously , complaining that jane ' s plan to go live in the czech capital has trite overtones , even without the kafka .
a pretty good adaptation of one of my favorite novels , though i would have done it completely differently . still , to each his own interpretation , and i suppose carlsen or his producers thought it best to ramp up the romance and melodrama . it ' s a movie with a lot of good things in it , not the least of which is its lovely norwegian coastal setting .
de magnifiques extérieurs de paysages norvégiens , mais une narration trop souvent contenue qui frise par moments l ' académisme le plus pesant . . . urltoken
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with the cozy inertia essential to pretty - young - thing ensemble comedies ( the producer , joel castleberg , also made
sleep with me
and
bodies , rest and motion
) ,
kicking and screaming
also sends otis ( carlos jacott ) and skippy ( jason wiles ) through minor postgrad doldrums . particularly funny is a running subplot about otis ' s trying to get work at a video store that takes itself very , very seriously . (
what are your influences ?
the applicant is asked . )
skippy , meanwhile , misses the fact that his girlfriend ( parker posey ) is drifting away and likes posing trivia tests for his friends . in this narrow universe , the tasks of naming
six empiricist philosophers
or
eight movies where monkeys play key roles
are given equal weight .
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kicking and screaming
will be shown tonight at 6 and tomorrow at 9 p . m . gregor jordan ' s
swinger ,
one of two shorts on the program , about a man listening to his phone answering machine at a highly inconvenient moment , is mordantly well matched to the main feature .
kicking and screaming
is rated r ( under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian ) . it includes nudity , profanity and sexual situations .
with : josh hamilton ( grover ) , eric stoltz ( chet ) , elliot gould ( grover ' s dad ) , olivia d ' abo ( jane ) , cara buono ( kate ) , chris eigeman ( max ) , parker posey ( miami ) , jason wiles ( skippy ) and carlos jacott ( otis ) .
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hotel transylvania 3 : summer vacation stars plan their dream summer getaways to some memorable movie settings .
with jurassic world : fallen kingdom now in cinemas , we take a look at how imdb users rated the films of the franchise . plus , browse exclusive lego® jurassic world playsets , presented by lego .
explore popular and recently added tv series available to stream now with prime video .
when two kids find and play a magical board game , they release a man trapped for decades in it and a host of dangers that can only be stopped by finishing the game .
lakeith stanfield and his sorry to bother you director boots riley discuss the stress of filming sex scenes .
want to share imdb ' s rating on your own site ? use the html below .
two young brothers are drawn into an intergalactic adventure when their house is hurled through the depths of space by the magical board game they are playing .
after a bitter divorce , an actor disguises himself as a female housekeeper to spend time with his children held in custody by his former wife .
an eight - year - old troublemaker must protect his house from a pair of burglars when he is accidentally left home alone by his family during christmas vacation .
a newly recruited night security guard at the museum of natural history discovers that an ancient curse causes the animals and exhibits on display to come to life and wreak havoc .
one year after kevin was left home alone and had to defeat a pair of bumbling burglars , he accidentally finds himself in new york city , and the same criminals are not far behind .
an absent - minded professor discovers
flubber ,
a rubber - like super - bouncy substance .
four kids travel through a wardrobe to the land of narnia and learn of their destiny to free it with the guidance of a mystical lion .
the little family adopt a charming young mouse named stuart , but the family cat wants rid of him .
a young boy wins a tour through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world , led by the world ' s most unusual candy maker .
a paranormal expert and his daughter bunk in an abandoned house populated by three mischievous ghosts and one friendly one .
in a desperate attempt to win a basketball match and earn their freedom , the looney tunes seek the aid of retired basketball champion , michael jordan .
after being trapped in a jungle board game for 26 years , a man - child wins his release from the game . but , no sooner has he arrived that he is forced to play again , and this time sets the creatures of the jungle loose on the city . now it is up to him to stop them .
a game for those who seek to find a way to leave their world behind .
password was played by two teams of two people : one person had a mystery word and the other person had to guess what it was , with only a limited number single - word clues to assist .
in the store scene , while the hunter is under the paint , the cop takes his gun . the gun is also seen in the cops car when he drives away . at the end of the movie , the hunter shows up with the gun in his hand .
] ' they grow much faster than bamboo / take care or they ' ll come after you ' .
: stay away from the walls ; don ' t touch anything . no quick movements .
spoilers : green flames swirl around to form the opening title , which spirals into a vortex . this is in fact the sequence that occurs when alan finishes the game near the end .
you know the drill : young alan parrish gets sucked into a board game called jumanji , returns when a brother and sister are playing 26 years later , and has to battle the animals that wreak havoc on the town . it all seems pretty simple , but they play some neat tricks with it in the movie . as the adult alan , robin williams is more subdued than usual , but still makes the character admirable . with good support from bonnie hunt , kirsten dunst , david alan grier , bebe neuwirth , jonathan hyde and patricia clarkson , this is a pretty interesting movie . i will admit that the monkeys looked pretty fake , but we can ' t dwell on that in this movie ; the point is to enjoy oneself while watching it . oh and one more thing : from
jumanji
, i learned the difference between alligators and crocodiles .
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explore popular sci - fi movies and tv shows available to stream with prime video .
art direction : jeannine oppewall ; set decoration : gretchen rau and leslie e . rollins
screenplay by alfonso cuarón , timothy j . sexton , david arata , mark fergus and hawk ostby
writing ( adapted screenplay ) - screenplay by alfonso cuarón , timothy j . sexton , david arata , mark fergus and hawk ostby
art direction - art direction : jeannine oppewall ; set decoration : gretchen rau and leslie e . rollins
best picture - david t . friendly , peter saraf and marc turtletaub , producers
visual effects - mark stetson , neil corbould , richard r . hoover and jon thum
html public
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this kind of comeback has been particularly true for films in the cult films genre , such as spielberg ' s 1941 ( 1979 ) , or action films with a big name star , such as last action hero ( 1993 ) , batman & robin ( 1997 ) or speed 2 : cruise control ( 1997 ) , or larger epics such as alexander ( 2004 ) or poseidon ( 2006 ) .
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president , asian broadcasting union , cbe ( citation ) howard thomas , chairman of the board , thames television , ltd . ( citation ) dr . roberto marinho , president , tv globo network of brazil
coo , vivendi universal , chairman of the executive board of the canal + group , chairman and chief executive officer of canal + s . a
bbc / gateway films / the episcopal radio - tv foundation / lella production , e . o . tv
copyright © 2018 international academy of television arts & sciences . all rights reserved .
special awards to allan king’s warrendale and eugene s . jones’s a face of war for feature - length documentary and to yellow submarine for feature - length animation .
supporting actress–meryl streep ( manhattan , seduction of joe tynan , and kramer vs . kramer )
special citation “to the filmmakers of it’s all true –directors richard wilson , myron meisel , and bill krohn , and editor , ed marx–for their historical work in assembling footage from orson welles’ lost 1942 brazilian documentary . ”
experimental—mother and son . aleksandr sokurov’s powerful and moving exploration , through non - traditional narrative means , of the intense relationship between a son and his dying mother .
special citation to walter murch , rick schmidlin , bob o’neil , and jonathan rosenbaum—the team behind the re - editing of “touch of evil”—for bringing orson welles’s already - classic movie closer to his original vision , and for sparking a renewal of interest in his body of work .
special citation–to james quandt of cinematheque ontario : ( a ) for setting an exemplary standard for curators and archivists through his scholarly , analytic , and superbly written program notes . ( b ) in 1999 , for his important work in bringing the complete films of robert bresson into the critical and public eye across north america .
the u . s . theatrical release of the rediscovered camera - negative print of jean renoir’s “grand illusion” by rialto pictures .
the newly preserved fiftieth - anniversary re - release of carol reed’s “the third man” by rialto pictures .
the u . s . video and dvd release of gaumont’s original version of carl dreyer’s “the passion of joan of arc” by home vision , inc . and criterion .
the television premiere of the four - hour expanded version of erich von stroheim’s “greed” on turner classic movies .
special citation – to michelangelo antonioni “for the exemplary intelligence , creativity and integrity of his half - century - long career . ”
special citation–“to faith hubley , who died in december 2001 , “for a career devoted to exploring animation’s art and soul . ”
special citation : to richard schickel , brian jamieson , and warner bros . home video for their reconstruction of samuel fuller’s the big red one .
the leopard ( criterion ) – for assembling a stunning edition for the home video debut of visconti’s masterpiece .
symbiopsychotaxiplasm : take one ( 1968 ) and take two ½ ( 2005 ) , william greaves’ remarkable investigation into the nature of the acting process and power relationships on a movie set .
13 lakes , ten skies , and 27 years later , the three 2005 productions of james benning . few have done more over the last thirty years to expand the sensory and temporal boundaries of moving pictures .
jean - pierre melville’s “army of shadows” ( 1969 ) , released by rialto pictures for the first time in the united states .
museum of the moving image for presenting the first complete u . s . retrospective of french filmmaker jacques rivette , including the premiere american showing of the director’s legendary “out 1 . ”
“to ford at fox , a 21 - disc box set from fox home video . ”
the results of the meeting were dedicated to critic and author hollis alpert , who co - founded the society in 1966 .
the criterion collection for finally making samuel fuller’s suppressed “white dog” ( 1982 ) available to a wide american audience via dvd release .
flicker alley for releasing dvd collections of rare early u . s . and foreign silent films .
twentieth century fox home entertainment for its dvd set “murnau , borzage and fox . ”
kino international avant - garde volume 3 ( experimental cinema 1922 - 1954 ) .
this collection of fifteen films represents a rare collaboration among studios – including twentieth century fox , warner bros . and sony pictures – in bringing together the core body of the work of one of america’s most influential filmmakers .
for twenty years of providing financial support and moral leadership for the preservation and restoration of motion pictures from around the world .
lobster films , groupama gan foundation for cinema and the technicolor foundation for cinema for the restoration of the color version of george méliès’s “a trip to the moon . ”
criterion collection for its 2 - disc dvd package “the complete jean vigo . ”
to the museum of modern art , for its wide - ranging retrospective of the films of allan dwan .
dedication : the meeting was dedicated to the memory of two distinguished members of the society who died in 2013 : roger ebert and stanley kauffmann .
to ron hutchinson , co - founder and director of the vitaphone project , which since 1991 has collected and restored countless original soundtrack discs for early sound short films and features , including the recent warner bros . restoration of william a . seiter’s 1929 “why be good ? ”
dedication : the meeting was dedicated to the memory of two distinguished members of the society who died in 2014 : jay carr and charles champlin .
did you know you can write your own about section just like this one ? it ' s really easy . navigate to appearance → widgets and create a new text widget . now move it to the footer 1 sidebar .
a wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul , like these sweet mornings of spring which i enjoy with my whole heart . i am alone , and feel the charm of existence in this spot , which was created for the bliss of souls like mine . i am so happy , my dear friend , so absorbed in the exquisite sense of mere tranquil existence , that i neglect my talents . i should be incapable of drawing a single stroke at the present moment ; and yet i feel that i never was a greater artist than now .
bollywood bad boy salman khan closing the show with an explosive performance . photos : afp
the five - hour show at an american football stadium in new jersey , where the glittering manhattan skyline was visible from the parking lot , was a riot of colour , glitz and stunning dance routines .
the hijackers killed the purser and she posthumously became the youngest person to receive india’s highest civilian award for bravery .
udta punjab , a gritty crime drama spotlighting the huge problem of drug abuse among young people in punjab , scooped shahid kapoor best actor and alia bhatt best actress in a leading role .
the movie angered politicians in the state and the filmmakers took india’s censor board to court over a number of cuts it tried to make .
the trio of serious - minded films winning major awards was rounded out by aniruddha roy chowdhury taking home the award for best director for pink , about sexual violence against women .
the culmination of a three - day celebration of indian cinema , the 18th edition of the awards ceremony was held at metlife stadium in east rutherford , new jersey .
the awards , which some have likened to the oscars of bollywood , is india’s biggest media event and one of the world’s most - watched annual entertainment shows , with an audience of nearly 800 million people .
from a donald trump impersonator named ronald grump , to a closing song and dance routine from bollywood bad boy salman khan , which had love - struck women screaming in delight , and signature bollywood formation numbers with eye - popping costumes galore , it was a festive night .
thousands of delighted fans , dressed to the nines in evening gowns , cocktail dresses , saris and jewel - encrusted shalwar kameez , shrieked with delight , declared love for stars and laughed at the jokes of funny men hosts , actor saif ali khan and producer - director karan johar .
there was glamour from winner alia in a crystal - studded strapless ballgown and katrina kaif who shimmered in a lime - green bra top , spray - on black pants and silver tassels through an upbeat dance .
actress shilpa shetty , who won fame for being subjected to alleged racist taunts and winning britain’s celebrity big brother in 2007 , looked statuesque in shimmering one - shoulder peach gown lashed to the thigh . the ceremony honoured double - oscar winner movie composer a . r . rahman and treated the audience to a snippet of hollywood production the black prince about queen victoria and the last king of punjab , maharajah duleep singh .
“many others get exposed to this , that way we will seduce more hearts for indian films , ” said bollywood actor gulshan grover .
sonu sood , who stars in action - adventure flick kung fu yoga with jackie chan , said : “all the actors are coming to bollywood to do indian movies and all the indian bollywood actors are going international .
“so , i think it’s a huge change and hopefully one day we’ll have one single industry . ”
pink not only won the best director award but also saw actress taapsee pannu , win the iifa woman of the year award .
india’s treatment of women shot to the international spotlight in late 2012 when the fatal gang rape of a young student in the capital new delhi sparked outrage over sexual abuse and gender inequality . – afp
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when edvarda arrives at the little norwegian village , to stay with some family , she find the lt . , thomas glahn , very interesting . soon they fall in love . it ' s a very passionate relationship , but this leads to problems . both of them are very strong in their opinions , and both are behaving a little strange . love turns to hate , and instead of doing all they can to please each other , they do all they can to hurt the other person psychological . they both do a great job , and what began as a love story turns into a sad and depressing story of two ruined persons . the story is told by thomas glahn from his
exile
in thailand , where he in the beginning of the movie receives two green feathers from edvarda .
but the actors are generally quite good and the norwegian coastal scenes beautiful . it ' s a nice , well - made movie , with many enjoyable things in it . though for the readers out there : go get the book ( the james macfarlane translation is particularly fine ) .
movies and tv shows are certified fresh with a steady tomatometer of 75 % or higher after a set amount of reviews ( 80 for wide - release movies , 40 for limited - release movies , 20 for tv shows ) , including 5 reviews from top critics .
the electronic superhighway is the backdrop for this provocative thriller that centers on the travails of a reclusive hacker , angela bennett , who works out of her home in venice , ca for the cathedral systems company . after six years of hard work , angela prepares to take a much - needed vacation , but just before she leaves , a co - worker sends her a new internet program that allows her to access highly classified government files . later , as the colleague flies down in a private plane to visit her , the plane mysteriously crashes . though a few more strangely connected tragedies ensue , angela decides to continue on with her vacation in mexico . there she encounters a suave british computer whiz , jack devlin . at first he seems to be interested in her , but it is later revealed that he really wants that useful net program . angela is almost killed . but she faces a fate almost worse than death when she discovers that someone on the net has stolen her identity . her visa is stolen and replaced with another . when she finally gets home , her house is for sale , and worst of all , she discovers that she is wanted by the police . jack is behind it all . if he catches her and steals the disk , all of the government ' s computer security systems would be compromised .
riddled with more coincidences and implausibilities than hitchcock permitted himself in his entire career , the net still gets by as a reasonably suspenseful , very au courant thriller .
pretty soon she ' s fleeing from her gun - wielding seducer , trying to recover an identity that ' s being systematically erased through alteration of her personal computer records , and dodging bullets on spinning carousels .
the net is never quite as sleek and chilling as it might have been , but it gives the old story of a wrongly accused innocent a nerve - wracking 90 ' s twist .
a strong enough suspense thriller , a high - tech version of one of those spiraling nightmares in which an innocent person is chased by assassins and wanted by the police .
borrowing heavily from alfred hitchcock and john grisham , director irwin winkler reduces a potentially - fascinating premise to the spearhead of a routine thriller .
director irwin winkler is as graceless as ever , although the gritty look and refreshingly low - tech action sequences are welcome .
technophiles will find certain aspects of the plot less than plausible but a big budget , bullock and a tense finale ensure winkler dials up a daft but enjoyable diversion .
. . . the net has aged just as poorly as one might ' ve expected . . .
silly techno - espionage chase - thriller copycat . bullock ' s miscast , but does what she can .
sandra bullock stars as a computer geek who unwittingly stumbles onto some vague internet conspiracy (
we know everything about you so now we control your life , nya - ha - ha !
) , which for us translates into her simply being menaced by jeremy northam for an hour or so , only broken up every now and again with folks looking amazed at old style computer screens . story = one star , sandra ( i still like her ) = one star .
early technology thriller . good actors but disappointing plot . a bit of a turkey for sandra .
robert merivel ( downey ) is a young man who seems to have everything . . . until a passionate affair leads to scandal , suddenly leaving him heartbroken and penniless . but it ' s only after losing it all that merivel discovers who he really is and - becomes the man he never dreamed he could be . also featuring sam neill , ian mckellen and hugh grant in this critically acclaimed story you won ' t want to miss !
meg ryan , hugh grant , david thewlis , ian mckellen , robert downey jr .
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mistress pamela is a 1974 british sex comedy drama film directed by jim o'connolly and starring ann michelle , dudley foster , anna quayle and anthony sharp .

it was loosely based on the 1740 novel pamela , or virtue rewarded by samuel richardson .

mistress pamela

when we meet pamela , she ' s a sweet , pious , innocent teenager who is as heartbroken that her mistress has died as you would be to find out that one direction broke up . ( we kid ! ) . she ' s initially worried about keeping her job , since her sole purpose was to be the lady ' s waiting - maid ; however , mr . b , the new master of the house ( and the son of her late mistress ) agrees to keep her on .
inevitably , mr . b himself arrives in linconlshire and asks pamela to become his mistress . she refuses . the climax comes when , one night , pamela retires to bed and mrs . jewkes pins her down so that mr . b can have his way with her . pamela faints repeatedly , and miraculously , her blackouts end up fending off the attacks .
in return for these favors , he says , she must agree to be his mistress . after one year , he says , he will marry her . pamela refuses everything . in particular , she notes that becoming his mistress would turn her into a harlot . “what , sir , would the world say , were you to marry your harlot ? that a gentleman of your rank in life should stoop , not only to the base - born pamela , but to a base - born prostitute ? little , sir , as i know of the world , i am not to be caught by a bait so poorly covered as this !
the novel opens , and we learn that pamela , a young serving girl , has just lost her mistress , lady b ; pamela is now to go to work for lady b ' s son , mr . b . after a short period of normalcy at mr . b ' s bedfordshire estate , however , things start to get weird . first he gives pamela some of his mother ' s clothes to wear . then he sexually harasses her by trying to kiss her . pamela escapes his groping unharmed .
thought it should be out there , especially when one considers all those pathe , tiffany , etc films from eighty years back which are coming to light once more . reading about then ten or twenty years ago gave the impression that many of them were past the point of no return . and re mistress pamela , it just seemed absurd that a film on safety stock should vanish altogether .
the pamela controversy : criticism and adaptations of samuel richardson´s pamela 1740 - 1750 , volume 3 . :
mr . b returns and sends pamela a list of articles that would rule their partnership ; she refuses because it means she would be his mistress . with mrs . jewkes ' complicity , mr . b gets into bed with pamela disguised as the housemaid nan , but , when pamela faints , he seems to repent and is kinder in his seduction attempts . she implores him to stop altogether . in the garden he implicitly says he loves her but can ' t marry her because of the social gap .
the pamela controversy : criticism and adaptations of samuel richardson´s pamela 1740 - 1750 , volume 3 . : eliza haywood , anti pamela , memoirs of the life of lady h - .
pamela as an epistolary novel discuss in 250 words ? . . or a new form written by samuel richardson in his novel pamela ?
the pamela controversy : criticism and adaptations of samuel richardson´s pamela 1740 - 1750 , volume 1 . : richardson´s apparatus and fielding´s shamela verse responses .
a few days later mr . b . arrives in lincolnshire . he serves pamela with a set of terms on which he proposes to make her his mistress , but she refuses them scornfully . changing his strategy , mr . b . gets close to pamela at night by impersonating a drunken maidservant . pamela’s swooning fits come to her aid again , and after this episode , mr . b . shows signs of being genuinely chastened . he again attempts to woo her but does not employ force . then , in a heart - to - heart , he explains to her that he has come to admire her character and in fact deeply loves her , but his aversion to marriage prevents making an honest proposal . pamela feels moved by this confession and hopes fervently that it is sincere .
the neighboring gentry , who once refused to aid pamela’s escape , now come to dinner and inspect mr . b . ’s betrothed . pamela impresses everyone with her beauty and comparative refinement . on the same day , mr . andrews arrives , expecting from a letter he received that he would find his daughter a fully corrupted mistress of the squire . an ecstatic reunion ensues , of which all the dinner guests are eager witnesses . over the next few days , there are a series of chariot rides , several arguments over the wedding date , and reconciliation between mr . b . and mr . williams , whom he has liberated from debtors’ prison .
once in linconlshire , things get worse . pamela bunks with the new housekeeper , mrs . jewkes , a nasty woman who is also pamela ' s jailer . pamela also befriends a clergyman named mr . williams , who promises to help pamela escape . mr . williams attempts to save pamela by asking her to marry him , but pamela declines . jealous , mr . b makes life difficult for mr . williams , and the man eventually winds up in prison .
pamela : or virtue rewarded essays are academic essays for citation . these papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of pamela : or virtue rewarded .
after the bedroom incident , mr . b begins acting kinder to pamela and confesses his love . marriage , however , seems impossible because of pamela ' s rank .
a plate from the 1742 deluxe edition of richardson ' s pamela , or virtue rewarded showing mr . b intercepting pamela ' s first letter home to her mother .
mr . williams tries and fails to enlist support for pamela among the local gentry , who all suspect his and pamela’s motives . the clergyman eventually suggests that he and pamela get married , whereupon the squire would no longer have any authority to detain her . pamela declines this offer , only to find soon after that mr . b . has written to the clergyman making the same suggestion . pamela again rejects the idea .
pamela’s journal : the 42nd day of her imprisonment through the 4th of her freedom .
lady davers accepts pamela . mr . b explains to pamela what he expects of his wife . they go back to bedfordshire . pamela rewards the good servants with money and forgives john , who betrayed her . they visit a farmhouse where they meet mr . b ' s daughter and learn that her mother is now happily married in jamaica ; pamela proposes taking the girl home with them . the neighbourhood gentry who once despised pamela now praise her .
letter xxxii , the beginning of pamela’s journal , through the 6th day of her imprisonment .
12 th september 1741 , john kelly , 2 nd vol . pamela´s conduct in high life
loosely bases on samuel richardson ' s novel pamela or virtue rewarded , this is the story of pamela who goes to work in the kitchen of lord devenish who is determined to rape her .
the bestseller of its time , pamela , can be seen as a multi - media event .
pamela in the marketplace : literary controversy and print culture in eighteenth - century britain and ireland .
pamela was also the basis for the libretto of niccolò piccinni ' s comic opera la buona figliuola .
with ann michelle as pamela andrews and julian barnes as lord robert devenish ( mr . b ) .
doody , margaret ann ( 1995 ) . introduction to samuel richardson ' s pamela . viking press .
memoirs of the life of lady h - , the celebrated pamela . from her birth to the present time
this poem deals with rumours about who wrote pamela , as the novel had been published anonymously at first . it implies that the author of pamela is already known , and satirically hints to the point that pamela is to be seen as a great piece of work . 25 if there were people who did not know that richardson was the author of pamela , then these people would have had developed more interest in the topic .
pamela is not allowed to write letters to her parents , so she starts writing a diary that mirrors her experiences with mr . b . when , at some point , mr . b discovers pamela’s diary he is suddenly overwhelmed of pamela’s virtue and truthfulness . he feels a high level of remorse and gives her a chance to escape from his capture and develops true love for pamela . he romances her until she admits herself to love mr . b as well , and she agrees to marry him . in the end pamela’s virtue is rewarded .
the next morning , pamela visits lady davers in her room , and they chat amicably about mr . b . ’s character . pamela promises to grant her new sister - in - law’s request to see all her writings .
in may 1742 , the first illustrated edition of pamela , the octavo edition , appeared on the market . 27
pamela and mr . b talk of their future as husband and wife and she agrees with everything he says . she explains why she doubted him . this is the end of her trials : she is more submissive to him and owes him everything now as a wife . mr . williams is released . neighbours come to the estate and all admire pamela . pamela ' s father comes to take her away but he is reassured when he sees pamela happy .
a few days later , pamela and mr . b . return to the bedfordshire estate , where they receive a rapturous welcome from the servants . mr . b . arranges to set up pamela’s father as the manager of his estate in kent . later they go shopping for clothes and entertain the local gentry , who are uniformly impressed with pamela .
once upon a time there was a male chauvinist pig . . . . . . . and then he met pamela
when the the squire’s sister , lady davers , comes to bedforshire to visit her brother , she tells him it is improper for so pretty a girl as pamela to be living under the roof of a bachelor , pamela reports in a second later . instead , lady davers says , pamela should live with her . the squire agrees to the arrangement .
finally , she marries mr . b in the chapel . but when mr . b has gone to see a sick man , his sister lady davers comes to threaten pamela and considers her not really married . pamela escapes by the window and goes in colbrand ' s chariot to be taken away to mr . b . the following day , lady davers enters their room without permission and insults pamela . mr . b , furious , wants to renounce his sister , but pamela wants to reconcile them . lady davers , still contemptuous towards pamela , mentions sally godfrey , a girl mr . b seduced in his youth , now mother of his child . he is cross with pamela because she dared approach him when he was in a temper .
by and by , pamela’s father arrives in response to letters from her . when he sees that his daughter and her husband - to - be are happy and that pamela has never compromised her virtue , he approves of their relationship and returns home .
the couple settle in at bedforshire , where pamela helps her husband adjust to virtuous living and he instructs her in the ways of society . the squire has granted the kent estate to pamela ' s parents . the novel ends with the following paragraph .
mr . williams is attacked and beaten by robbers . pamela wants to escape when mrs . jewkes is away , but is terrified by two nearby cows whom she thinks are bulls . mr . williams accidentally reveals his correspondence with pamela to mrs . jewkes ; mr . b jealously says that he hates pamela , as he has claimed before . he has mr . williams arrested and plots to marry pamela to one of his servants . desperate , pamela thinks of running away and making them believe she has drowned in the pond . she tries unsuccessfully to climb a wall , and , when she is injured , she gives up .
when lady davers is informed that pamela and her brother are married , she refuses at first to believe that they are really husband and wife and accuses pamela of deceiving her by pretending that she is married . a bitter quarrel erupts between the squire and his sister . however , in time lady davers comes to accept pamela , and the two women even begin to get along .
one day , while pamela sits outside getting fresh air , mrs . jewkes and others rush from the house and surround her , claiming she was about to escape . mrs . jewkes raises a closed fist to strike her , but monsieur colbrand–a huge man hired to help keep watch on pamela–stops the cruel housekeeper , saying it appeared that pamela was merely resting without any inclination to run off .
in the end , mr . b and pamela return to bedfordshire . pamela meets a young woman named miss godwin , who turns out to be the illegitimate child of sally godfrey and mr . b . being the perfect angel she is , pamela invites miss godwin to live with with her new family . mr . b keeps up his reformed behavior , and they all live happily ever after .
the fifteen year old pamela andrews works as a servant in a wealthy household under mrs . b . mrs . b is very impressed by pamela’s modesty , her natural grace and her keen perception , so that mrs . b tries to raise her mannerly . the novel starts after mrs . b’s death , this is learned by the reader in the first letter . mrs . b has entrusted pamela in her son’s , mr . b , care , but instead of taking care of pamela , he tries to seduce her . mr . b tries to take advantage of her dependence , unscrupulously . pamela’s parents give her advice to leave the household and to return to her parents’ house . when pamela tries to leave , mr . b kidnaps her and locks her up in one of his estates , which is monitored by mrs . jewkes and monsieur colbrand . mr . b tries to seduce her with all his power , but pamela always finds ways of escaping his attempts of seduction . often , pamela fakes to faint in order to escape mr . b .
once upon a time there was a male chauvinist pig . . . . . . . and then he met pamela see more »
yost , julia . wang , bella ed .
pamela : or virtue rewarded summary
. gradesaver , 8 august 2010 web .
on her way home , however , pamela begins to realize she has feelings for mr . b ; when she learns he has fallen ill , she returns to his side and the two reconcile . pamela accepts mr b ' s proposal , and the two make plans for the wedding and discuss the proper duties of husband and wife . pamela ' s family arrives , and the ceremony takes place .
anti - pamela , written by eliza haywood , was published on the 16 th of june 1741 , anonymously . the publication was only eight month after richardson´s publication of pamela and only two month after fielding’s publication of shamela . since anti - pamela is to be seen as a critical response to both of these two books , it is obvious that richardson’s epistolary novel has an outstanding impact on society . the title , anti - pamela , was probably borrowed from james parry’s book , the true anti - pamela , which was published eleven days after haywood’s piece of writing . parry had launched two advertisements for his book , where the name anti - pamela appeared . 34 in anti - pamela there are topics such as sexual hypocrisy and class mobility , but the characters are very different from richardson’s book . the heroine in haywood’s book finds all her suitors sexually repulsive , nevertheless , she tries to climb up the social ladder by trying to marry upward . therefore , critics say , that haywood´s book was only written to capitalise from the hype of pamela and shamela . 35
“it would be little exaggeration to say that the brilliance of pamela lay as much in commercial strategy as in literary achievement . ” 42
eliza haywood , anti pamela , memoirs of the life of lady h - ( london : pickering and chatto , 2001 ) xi .
speaking of which , the first volume of the novel establishes a pattern of attack and resistance between mr . b and pamela . example : mr . b hides in pamela ' s bedroom closet at night and unsuccessfully attempts to assault her . the pattern continues until mr . b figures out that pamela is set on returning to her parents , and he has her taken away to his estate in lincolnshire .
in a conclusion , the “editor” of pamela’s letters reveals that pamela’s later life continues to be a happy one : she receives semiannual visits from her parents and bears several children . she remains popular among the local gentry and nobility , and even lady davers continues on good terms with the squire and his wife . pamela succeeds in establishing the moral character of miss goodwin , who does not repeat her mother’s mistakes .
meanwhile , squire b . ’s sister , lady davers , strongly opposes a union of her brother and pamela on grounds that the latter is a mere servant . but the squire ignores her . all is thus going well–so well , in fact , that mrs . jewkes has a change of heart and renounces her past cruelties to pamela . sometime later , pamela and the squire marry in a private ceremony in a chapel at the lincolnshire estate . mr . williams presides , mr . peters gives pamela away , and mrs . jewkes witnesses the ceremony .
the attempt comes , sooner rather than later , and pamela resists it vigorously . disconcerted but only temporarily deterred , mr . b . tries to bribe pamela to keep quiet about the incident ; she relates it , however , to her parents and to the motherly housekeeper , mrs . jervis . mr . b . begins to make noise about pamela’s gossiping about him in her letters home , prompting pamela to suspect him of stealing her mail . further offenses ensue , including an incident in which mr . b . , hiding in a closet , spies on pamela as she undresses at night and then rushes out to have his way with her . pamela , however , displays a marked tendency to fall into a swoon whenever her master approaches her with lewd intentions , and this peculiarity has the convenient effect of diminishing the squire’s libido .
since this poem is not concerned with any content of the novel , but rather with connected background information , this poem shows that there was a public interest in pamela and everything that was connected to pamela . the public wanted to know everything about this book and its background .
richardson , samuel ( 1740 ) . pamela ; or , virtue rewarded ( 1st ed . ) . london : messrs rivington & osborn .
pamela meets mr . williams and they agree to communicate by putting letters under a sunflower in the garden . mrs . jewkes beats her after pamela calls her a
jezebel .
mr . williams asks the village gentry for help ; though they pity pamela , none will help her because of mr . b ' s social position . sir simon even argues that no one will hurt her , and no family name will be turnished since pamela belongs to the poor andrews family . mr . williams proposes marriage to her to escape mr . b ' s wickedness .
the novel is of course a love story , and pamela is the fulcrum on which the story turns . one day , the story centers on familial love , which pamela exchanges with her parents ; the next day , on false love , or lust , which the squire attempts to inflict on pamela ; another day , on brotherly love , which pamela exchanges with mrs . jervis and other coworkers ; and on another day , true romantic love , which pamela exchanges with the squire . love conquers the cruel heart of mrs . jewkes and the proud heart of lady davers . it softens the heart of a fearsome giant , monsieur colbrand . it causes the squire to free the rev . arthur williams from jail . it enables the squire to renounce his past wrongs . and , finally , it enables pamela to embrace the squire ' s illegitimate daughter .
however , the squire delays relocating pamela . in the meantime , he gives her his deceased mother’s fine silk clothes , as well as shifts , handkerchiefs , and aprons . pamela sends the clothes to her mother . a short while later , pamela tells her in another letter that the squire has given her more garments and exquisite shoes . after mrs . andrews writes back to remind her daughter to keep on her guard , pamela replies that the squire has decided to keep her at bedfordshire , for he fears that the nephew of lady davers might make advances toward her .
when pamela returns to the lincolnshire house , she and mr . b get married . yay ! throw the bouquet in our direction , pam !
the question and answer section for pamela : or virtue rewarded is a great resource to ask questions , find answers , and discuss the novel .
we ' ve known it for a while , but then we ' re spoiled by over 200 years of reading and watching plots based on pamela .
later , in front of pamela and mrs . jervis , the squire attempts to downplay the incident , claiming that pamela exaggerated the details . when he asks mrs . jervis for her opinion , she sympathizes with pamela but is afraid to accuse her master of wrongdoing . at this point , pamela has made up her mind to leave bedfordshire and return home . however , she decides to remain at bedfordshire to complete a waistcoat she has been fashioning for the squire . mrs . jervis assures her it will be safe to stay awhile . besides , pamela has worked hard on the coat and observes in a letter to her parents ,
i never did a prettier piece of work ; and i am up early and late to get it over ; for i
unfortunately for pamela . mr . b takes a shine to her . he harasses and attempts to rape her , but pamela manages to escape ( though not without severe psychological trauma ) . this phase of the book is chock full of arguments and attempted violence , which means lots of conflict / complication .
it is fielding’s shamela that is without doubt the most important counter fiction of the original . shamela is also the first response published after richardson’s novel . other examples of importance are eliza haywood´s anti - pamela and memoirs of the life of lady h - . these two examples are of importance because on the one hand they show that authors tried to capitalize from the hype of pamela . on the other hand , shortly after the publication , there was a hype about the topics in pamela , as a result the public asked for other books concerned with pamela . the demand in society grew as the topic was omnipresent .
eventually mr . b . takes pamela to meet miss goodwin , a little girl at a local boarding school , who pamela rightly concludes is his daughter by sally godfrey . pamela is delighted with the child and requests , though in vain , to take her in as part of the bedfordshire household . mr . b . fills out the story of sally godfrey , detailing the circumstances of their affair and her eventual flight to jamaica , where she is now happily married .
pamela is fifteen - years - old . she is described as a pretty girl , who is also outgoing , sweet , and devoted to her parents . when we first meet pamela , she is working as a servant in mr . b ' s home and regularly fighting off his inappropriate advances . . . .
but before she can enjoy being rich and married , pamela has to contend with her mean - girl sister - in - law , lady davers . while lady davers is disturbed to hear that her brother has been brutalizing his servant , she ' s even more upset to think that he might have married her . after extended confrontations between pamela and lady davers and then lady davers and mr . b , everyone makes up , and lady davers accepts pamela as her sister .
in protecting herself from the clutches of her male employer , pamela is at a considerable disadvantage . the european culture of the 1700s gave every advantage to males , especially upper - class males . pamela , of course , is a lower - class female servant . a pretty servant girl was easy prey for a wealthy master who took a fancy to her , for he could use his money and power to entice her or sexually harass her . after the squire begins treating pamela as a young woman instead of a sexual object , he declares his love for her . however , his sister , lady davers , strongly opposes his relationship with pamela on grounds that she is a mere servant from a lower - class family . only after a long and painful struggle does she come to accept pamela .
the climax occurs when the squire declares his love for pamela in the letter he sends her after she leaves his lincolnshire estate . a minor , or secondary , climax occurs when the squire ' s sister , lady davers , overcomes her upper - class pride and prejudice and accepts pamela as her sister - in - law .
pamela and mr . b return to bedfordshire , where pamela wins over all the local gentry , dispenses some of her new - found wealth to the poor , and sets a good example for mr . b ' s illegitimate daughter . see , ladies ? just find yourself a nice abuser and you , too , can live the dream .
pamela : or virtue rewarded study guide contains a biography of samuel richardson , literature essays , quiz questions , major themes , characters , and a full summary and analysis .
the author of memoirs of the life of lady h - claims that richardson’s pamela is lady hesilrige . lady hesilriges suitor is arthur hesilrige , seventh baronet of northamton . there were a lot of dates , such as the wedding date and the dates when they lived , in common with the dates richardson gave in pamela . since there are many other examples of women which shared parallels to the life of richardson’s pamela during that time , it cannot be said for sure that arthur hesilrige and lady hesilrige are the basis for richardson’s pamela . 38 also the fact that richardson himself never admitted that these two characters are his role models to his novel , indicates that there is no parallel . the fact that there are authors writing books about speculations , whether richardson’s novel was based on real events , emphasises the fact that it was of high importance to the people and that there was an urge for the public to gain as much information about pamela as they could . it also indicates that writers wanted to capitalise from the public interest on pamela .
samuel richardson ' s pamela : or virtue rewarded gives us one of the eighteenth century ' s most famous love stories , though the novel may not sound very romantic to modern readers . in it , a rich gentleman named mr . b relentlessly pursues the virginity of a beautiful and chaste serving girl named pamela . an unscrupulous rake , mr . b , wishes for nothing more than to have his way with the young girl . he repeatedly tries to rape and assault her . unfortunately for mr . b , pamela is a paragon of virtue , and she always manages to escape his attacks . eventually , pamela ' s innate goodness reforms mr . b , and he gives up his pursuit , instead offering her his hand in marriage . in a surprising twist , pamela eventually accepts mr . b ' s proposal and becomes the wife of her would - be rapist .
on their second sunday in bedfordshire , pamela and mr . b . attend church twice , with pamela appearing in a spectacular white - and - gold dress . all the neighbors are appropriately stunned , and the local poor gather to receive alms from the new lady bountiful . a few days later , pamela and mr . b . walk together in the garden , are caught in a shower , and shelter in the summerhouse . there he explains the provisions he has recently made for her in his will . near the end of the week , the newlyweds host another dinner for the neighbors ; it is an occasion for pamela to reflect piously on the goodness of providence and to plan for future good works .
pamela : or , virtue rewarded by samuel richardson , edited by thomas keymer and alice wakely oxford , 592 pp , £6 . 99 , june 2001 , isbn 0 19 282960 2
on 9 january 2007 , bbc radio 4 broadcast the long view which contrasted pamela ' s effect on 18th - century society with that of video games on 20th - century society .
at lincolnshire , pamela is a virtual prisoner under the watchful eye of the housekeeper , mrs . jewkes . not long after pamela’s arrival , she meets the rev . williams . he has an apartment at the lincolnshire estate but resides most of the time in a village three miles away , where he operates a latin school and sometimes preaches for the village minister at sunday services . he is sensible and sober , and he sympathizes with the deeply distressed pamela . however , there is little he can do to liberate her , for he depends on the squire for his livelihood . when he talks with mrs . jewkes about pamela’s plight , she rebuffs him . she has the authority to ban him entirely from the lincolnshire estate if she so desires .
the second volume of the book is a change of pace from the sexual assaults in the first volume . mr . b gets past his issues with pamela ' s social standing and proposes ; however , having been warned by a fortune teller about a possible fake marriage , pamela does not initially accept . at this point , she is finally allowed to return to her parents .
there were a lot of written reactions towards pamela in a rich variety of form . many books appeared during a period of about ten years after the publication of the original book . most books expressed a kind of criticism towards richardson’s pamela . to give a brief overview of the dimension of responses that were written , here is an overview of the first ten years after richardson’s publication :
there are many more alterations in the three paragraphs of this one letter , almost all small ones calculated to rescue pamela from stylistic inelegance . between the oxford and penguin texts as a whole , there are thousands of differences . yet richardson’s gradual ‘improvement’ of pamela’s blunt diction and unsophisticated sentence construction almost everywhere gives the impression of a retreat . the author’s last thoughts were invariably his worst . yet , as isn’t the case with wordsworth’s prelude , for example , readers have not been able to see this for themselves and make their own judgments . many of those who have read pamela in 20th - century editions will have wondered why the novel was ever spoken of as daring or innovative . even pamela’s prose style seems prim , as well as implausibly polished for someone of her occupation .
the popular tv series ( 26 episodes ) elisa di rivombrosa is loosely based on pamela . the story takes place in the second half of the 18th century in turin ( italy ) . the role of pamela is that of elisa scalzi ( played by vittoria puccini ) in the series . the role of mr . b is that of count fabrizio ristori ( played by alessandro preziosi ) .
epistolary novels - - novels written as series of letters—were extremely popular during the 18th century , mainly because of richardson ' s pamela . richardson and other novelists of his time argued that the letter allowed the reader greater access to a character ' s thoughts . richardson claimed that he was writing
to the moment
: that is , pamela ' s thoughts were recorded nearly simultaneously with her actions .
mr . b . leaves the lincolnshire estate for a few days , during which interval pamela receives from a gypsy fortune - teller a note warning her of mr . b . ’s plans for entrapping her in a sham - marriage . this note causes pamela to react strongly against mr . b . and against her own softening feelings for him . when he returns from his trip he receives from mrs . jewkes a set of pamela’s recent writings ; inferring that her “scribbling” has proceeded unabated in lincolnshire , he demands to see the rest of her literary output , which pamela reluctantly hands over . his reading of these papers only increases his admiration of her character and virtue . he tells her how deeply the writings have moved him and expresses his regret over his rough usage of her , promising to make amends . when pamela , still fearing the sham - marriage , nevertheless repeats her request to return to her parents , mr . b . is hurt and finally , in anger , allows her to leave .
mr . b . , suspecting mr . williams of colluding with pamela , sends him to prison for debt . pamela concludes that she has run out of options and makes a desperate escape attempt in the middle of the night . the attempt fails when a crumbling wall causes injury to her head and legs . despairing , pamela considers drowning herself in the garden pond , but a sudden renewal of her commitment to life and virtue , which she credits to a divine intervention , saves her . in the morning , the other servants find her lying wounded in an outhouse , and her captivity continues as before .
this book was published anonymously on december the 4 th in 1741 . it dealt with the question whether richardson’s pamela had lived in real life . it is likely that the author wanted to profit from the hype of richardson’s novel and therefore the author raised another point of discussion in his book which appeared of interest to many readers . 36 the question whether the character of pamela had existed in real life or not . in the first edition of pamela , richardson himself gave information in the preface that this story had happened in a thirty year period of time before publication . later , in the first publication of the continuation of pamela , richardson states that the story is based on real people and events . richardson only claims that characters’ names and places have been changed , due to avoiding offending the real people . 37
pamela ; or , virtue rewarded is an epistolary novel centering on the relationship between a beautiful servant girl and her aristocratic master . an epistolary novel is one in which a character ( or characters ) tells the story through letters ( epistles ) sent to a friend , relative , etc . , and / or through journal entries . samuel richardson began writing pamela in 1739 and completed and published it in 1740 .
the final thing you should know is that pamela : or virtue rewarded reflects anxieties about society in eighteenth - century england , namely the country ' s changing class structure . just think about it : pamela starts off as a regular nobody , and she ends up living in a fancy house with a rich husband . this may not seem like a big deal to us , but the story was quite shocking for many eighteenth - century readers who weren ' t used to social mobility . the novel argues that regardless of her rank , pamela has innate value ; this message appealed to growing numbers of middle class readers .
after the wedding , pamela ' s final obstacle is mr . b ' s snooty sister , lady davers . lady davers is skeptical of the marriage because she does not wish to accept a servant into her prestigious family line . witnessing pamela ' s dignified behavior , however , lady davers eventually comes around , but not before letting slip that mr . b has seduced many women , including a woman named sally godfrey .
in pamela , the letters are almost exclusively written by the heroine , restricting the reader ' s access to the other characters ; we see only pamela ' s perception of them . in richardson ' s other novels , clarissa ( 1748 ) and the history of sir charles grandison ( 1753 ) , the reader is privy to the letters of several characters and can more effectively evaluate the characters ' motivations and moral values .
fifteen - year - old pamela andrews , the protagonist , tells the story in first - person point of view in ( 1 ) letters she writes to her parents and other characters and ( 2 ) in a journal in which she reports daily happenings as well as the contents of letters written to her . an omniscient narrator intrudes briefly to inform the reader of events outside the scope of pamela’s purview . the author presents the chapters in the form of letters or journal entries . the rising action and development of the conflict take place at squire b . ' s bedfordshire estate . the conflict intensifies after pamela is taken against her will to the squire ' s lincolnshire estate . the conflict reaches its climax when pamela is at an inn between lincolnshire and bedfordshire and receives a letter in which the squire declares his love for her . the long denouement of the story takes place mainly at the lincolnshire estate after pamela returns to the squire . the story concludes when the newlyweds return to the bedfordshire estate . after the conclusion , the author presents observations intended to instruct the reader .
a publication , memoirs of lady h _ _ , the celebrated pamela ( 1741 ) , claims that the inspiration for richardson ' s pamela is the true life marriage of a coachman ' s daughter , hannah sturges , to the baronet , sir arthur hesilridge , in 1725 . samuel richardson claims that the story was based on a true incident related to him by a friend about 25 years before , but did not identify the principals .
mrs . jewkes follows pamela everywhere , even when she goes for walks on the grounds alone or with williams . however , pamela and the minister communicate in secret via messages left between rocks in the flower garden . they devise an escape plan that requires the help of others . in agreeing to assist pamela , williams is taking a considerable risk , for he appears to be in line for a ministerial promotion–with a generous salary paid by the squire . when he asks local citizens–lady jones , sir simon darnford , and lady darnford–whether they might lodge pamela for a time if she escapes from the squire ' s estate , they refuse to take part . when he asks another minister , mr . peters , the same question , peters tells williams ,
what ! and embroil myself with a man of mr . b . ' s power and fortune ! no , not i , i ' ll assure you ! –
the second thing you should know is that pamela : or virtue rewarded was written in the style of a conduct manual . richardson was heavily influenced by nonfiction texts written to improve a person ' s moral character . the result ? richardson ' s novel , especially the second volume , is didactic ; the book attempts to teach its readers . pamela is offered to readers as an example of virtue because she is chaste and obedient to her family and god .
besides the consumer culture , which grew up around pamela , there was the development of advertisement . due to new printing methods a much larger number of pamphlets and posters could be given to the consumers , shops and published on advertising pillars . newspapers were produced and sold in much larger numbers , as well . of course , these new ways of attracting consumers were also used not only for the advertisement of the new editions of pamela , but also for merchandise products .
several encomiums on a series of familiar letters , publish’d but last month , entitled pamela or virtue rewarded , came too for this magazine , and we believe there will be little occasion for inserting them in our next ; because a second edition will then come out to supply the demands in the country , it being judged in town as great a sign of want of curiosity not to have read pamela , as not to have seen the french and italian dancers . 30
pamela departs the lincolnshire estate , though not in so happy a mood as she had expected . during a stopover at a country inn , she receives another letter from mr . b . in which he avows that further reading in her papers prompts him to request her return to lincolnshire . pamela , having reconsidering , decides to trust him and complies . upon her return , they discuss the likely social fallout from a marriage between a squire and a serving - maid ; undeterred , they enter on their engagement . pamela then tells mr . b . the story of the gypsy fortune - teller , and he admits to having considered perpetrating a sham - marriage but says that he thought the better of it .
one day the squire proposes to give pamela’s parents fifty guineas a year if she pledges to marry the rev . arthur williams , the squire’s chaplain at lincolnshire . ( the proposal is , of course , a ploy to keep her within reach . ) when pamela refuses the offer , he decrees that she may return home the next morning and will order a carriage to await her . as she prepares to leave , mrs . jervis gives her five guineas from the master .
pamela tries to escape on her own by scaling the wall on the estate , but she falls and suffers injuries to her shins and an ankle . maids have to carry her back to the house , where she is bedridden while recuperating .
mr . b . , who has intercepted and read all of the correspondence between pamela and her parents , writes to mr . and mrs . andrews with a consoling but phony explanation for her failing to appear in their village as planned . mr . andrews sees through the ruse and approaches the bedfordshire estate , bewailing the disappearance of his daughter , but to no avail . meanwhile , pamela has arrived in lincolnshire , where the crude and malignant housekeeper mrs . jewkes watches her every move .
when a group of thieves attacks mr . williams on the road and searches his pockets for papers , pamela becomes concerned that mr . b . sent them to steal her letters , which the clergyman was carrying . the incident prompts her to make her first escape attempt , but her own nerves prevent her even from making it across the garden . soon a further impediment appears in the person of monsieur colbrand , a hideous swiss man whom mr . b . has sent to guard pamela .
even after this period of approximately ten years there were more pieces of works published concerned with the original novel , but the first written novels reflect the fact that there was a huge response and a massive demand in public of everything concerning pamela .
pamela andrews is a pious , innocent 15 - year - old who works as lady b ' s maidservant in bedfordshire . the novel starts after lady b has died , when her son , the squire mr . b , begins to pay pamela more attention , first giving her his mother ' s clothes , then trying to seduce her in the summer house . when he wants to pay her to keep the attempt secret , she refuses and tells mrs . jervis , the housekeeper , her best friend at the house . undaunted , he hides in her closet and pops out and tries to kiss her as she undresses for bed . pamela debates returning to her impoverished parents to preserve her innocence , but still can ' t decide .
that same evening , mr . b . goes to attend a dying acquaintance . by the next morning , he has not returned , so pamela is alone when his sister , lady davers , arrives to browbeat the squire and his beloved , whom she does not know to be married . lady davers badgers and insults pamela at some length , detaining her against her will with the help of a nephew and a waiting - maid . finally , pamela escapes through a window and , with the help of her new allies mrs . jewkes and monsieur colbrand , makes it to the home of sir simon darnford , where mr . b . and the neighbors are expecting her . there she regales the company with the tale of her experience with lady davers .
the first poem published was written by aaron hill and appeared first in the second edition of pamela on the 14 th february in 1741 . afterwards , this poem was also published in the newspaper weekly miscellany on the 28 th of february in 1740 .
this poem shows in all clarity that firstly there are two extremes , the pamelists and the anti - pamelists , arguing with each other in public . secondly it shows that the topics raised in pamela are controversial in society and therefore of public interest .
the reactions to the novel included a certain desire for seeing the face of pamela and other characters of the book . the readers could not wait to see her face and so paintings and engravings turned into yet another part of the overall multi - media event which went with the publication of the adaptations and the following editions of the original book . pamela was painted in different stations of her life and many motives were repeated or modified by different artists . there appeared to be a competition between them .
newspapers as a medium clearly played a role of extraordinary importance for this multi - media event . by using the widely spread press , pamela , or virtue rewarded was kept in the focus of interest and controversial discussion for a long period of time .
also , we have seen the merchandising strategies that included different sorts of editions , merchandise products and advertisements . here it is worth mentioning that the demand for such articles clearly shows the desire of the public to identify oneself with pamela and her morality .
in between the publications of the fifth and sixth edition there were two more events of importance . on october 23 rd 1741 an authorized french translation with a total of 1500 copies appeared . these translations were used nationwide as course books at school . 17 another interesting point concerning the different editions is the publication of the octavo edition on may eighth 1742 . an updated edition of pamela was for the first time simultaneously published with an edition of the continuation of pamela and 29 engravings by gravelot and hayman were attached . 18
so , there is still a fair amount of conflict going on here , but this section of the book is really about pamela settling down into married life and dealing with the fallout of her class elevation—and that ' s falling action if we ever saw it .