requiem is a 1982 hungarian drama film directed by zoltán fábri .

it was entered into the 32nd berlin international film festival , where it won the silver bear for an outstanding single achievement .

requiem ( 1982 film )

this documentary film comprises of interviews with five vietnam war veterans in 1982 in prison for violent crimes committed after leaving the military , interwoven with film and television . . . see full summary »
according to maxim , leto has officially boarded denis villeneuve’s upcoming sequel to the 1982 science - fiction tech - noir film directed by ridley scott . leto joins ryan gosling and returning star harrison ford for the new film .
blade runner 2049 is the sequel to ridley scott’s original 1982 cult classic - rather than a remake .
blade runner 2049 is the 2018 sequel to the 1982 sci - fi smash hit and cult classic blade runner .
this documentary film comprises of interviews with five vietnam war veterans in 1982 in prison for violent crimes committed after leaving the military , interwoven with film and television clips from the period . all five interviewed were decorated for bravery and none of the five men had a criminal record prior to going to vietnam .
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the star is a well - known method actor , having lost several stones for his roles as a junkie in requiem for a dream and an hiv suffering transgender woman in oscar darling , dallas buyers club .
as the run - up to the film ' s release began , the bosses slowly teased fans with what was to come - starting with two new posters for the forthcoming blade runner 2049 film .
it was released on june 25 , 1982 to mixed reviews but soon established itself as a cult classic in the film industry . according to the numbers , the film underperformed in north america with only $ 32 . 65 million in earnings . in the end , it earned $ 33 . 14 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 28 million .
this film is not currently playing on mubi but 30 other great films are . see what’s now showing
the oscar - winning actor and musician made his film debut on jocelyn moorhouse’s ‘how to make an american quilt’ . he went on to play supporting roles on films such as david fincher’s ‘fight club’ , james mangold’s ‘girl , interrupted’ , and mary harron’s ‘american psycho’ . he later achieved critical acclaim for his performance as harry goldfarb in darren aronofsky’s ‘requiem for a dream’ .
the tomatometer score — based on the opinions of hundreds of film and television critics — is a trusted measurement of critical recommendation for millions of fans . it represents the percentage of professional critic reviews that are positive for a given film or television show .
the guardian gave blade runner 2049 a prestigious five star rating . critic peter bradshaw claimed :
this film delivers pure hallucinatory craziness that leaves you hyperventilating .
as a result , he goes on a hunt to track down rick deckard ( harrison ford ) - who hasn ' t been seen since the events of the original film .
while the posters didn ' t t give away too much , it looks like the dystopian future envisaged by ridley scott and film writers hampton fancher and david peoples hasn’t exactly improved .
the original film directed by ridley scott starred ford as main protagonist rick deckard . rick was a special agent for los angeles department tasked at hunting down bioengineered androids called replicants after they’ve been banned from earth .
leto then earned an academy award for his role as transgender woman rayon in jean - marc vallee’s ‘dallas buyers club’ . his latest appearance on film was in david ayer’s ‘suicide squad’ as the iconic villain the joker .
‘blade runner 2’ is an upcoming science - fiction film directed by denis villeneuve and written by hampton fancher and michael green . it is produced by warner bros . , alcon entertainment , 16 : 14 entertainment , scott free productions , thunderbird films , and torridon films .
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when a young boy comes in to see a doctor abourt a red mark on his face , the doctor ' s wife welcomes him into the consulting room instead . as they talk , she offers him something to eat and then notes that his manner of eating is just like that of her previous husband , who died in prison many years earlier . it turns out that the young man had been his cell mate for a year , and he tells her the story of how her husband died .
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a woman finds out that one of her doctor husband’s patients used to be the cellmate of her first husband , who died in prison years before .
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when a ship ' s purser returns home from a voyage , his wife has committed suicide and he discovers that she was pregnant , the result of an affair with her boss when she was his secretary . . . . see full synopsis »
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go behind the scenes of the mission : impossible movies , check out the latest videos and trailers , and see which spy movies topped the box office in our mission : impossible guide .
when a ship ' s purser returns home from a voyage , his wife has committed suicide and he discovers that she was pregnant , the result of an affair with her boss when she was his secretary . intent on avenging the death of his wife , the sailor seeks employment with her old boss , who has no problem in hiring him . the boss is still a philanderer , and being of no great moral stripe , he even sets his own wife up with the sailor . what began as a vague plan of revenge backfires when the wife and purser fall in love - - leaving him in a dilemma that has no emotionally easy solution .
check out the indian movies with the highest ratings from imdb users , as well as the movies that are trending in real time .
enjoy a night in with these popular movies available to stream now with prime video .
lakeith stanfield and his sorry to bother you director boots riley discuss the stress of filming sex scenes .
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paul hardcastle sampled some of peter thomas ' narration for his 1985 hit song
19
.
: in world war ii the average age of the combat soldier was 26 . in vietnam it is was 19 .
when a young boy comes in to see a doctor abourt a red mark on his face , the doctor ' s wife welcomes him into the consulting room instead . as they talk , she offers him something to eat and then notes that his manner of eating is just like that of her previous husband , who died in prison many years earlier . it turns out that the young man had been his cell mate for a year , and he tells her the story of how her husband died . she then remembers ( in flashbacks ) how she had helped her first husband rid himself of his sexual repression , and how she had promised him she would marry her current husband if she were widowed . it seems her doctor - husband was a man who could remain untouched through any political climate , and was much admired by her first husband . now that her memories have been awakened by the young man ' s account , she ignores the repeated phone calls of her current husband and decides to rid this young man of his own sexual repressions .
a doctor ' s wife becomes involved with a young man , after she discovers that he was in the same cell as her ex - husband in prison .
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ryan gosling has taken over - and has brought harrison ford back to the dystopian los angeles once more . here ' s the lowdown on the hollywood blockbuster which is out now . . .
the original , which was set in 2019 , has paved the way for this one , with new lapd blade runner officer k ( ryan gosling ) stumbling across a long - buried secret which could threaten the city .
one poster shows harrison’s character rick deckard standing in a dusty environment with a largely destroyed statue .
above it , the poster says : “you know his past . discover his future . ”
meanwhile the second shows ryan’s officer k in a mysteriously misty environment and posing beside a sleek , futuristic car .
ryan gosling has become a hollywood heavyweight thanks to his breakout role in the notebook in 2004 .
he has since appeared in both arthouse films and blockbusters that has nearly always received critical praise .
these include drive , la la land , the nice guys , the place beyond the pines and lars and the real girl .
he is now lined up to star in first man - the biopic of the first moon landing , as neil armstrong .
veteran actor harrison has become a cross - generation icon thanks to several career - defining roles .
with a cv most of hollywood ' s greatest could only dream of , his most legendary roles include indiana jones ( and all its sequels so far ) and han solo in the star wars franchise .
he has appeared in the expendables 3 , tried out his comedic chops in anchorman , and has appeared in more hard - hitting pieces including the age of adeline .
robin rose to fame as the princess in the 80s fantasy classic , the princess bride .
she then became the troubled and much - loved jenny in 1994 ' s forrest gump alongside tom hanks .
now she is taking centre stage alongside kevin spacey as the no - holds - barred claire underwood in netflix ' s political smash hit , house of cards .
a double threat entertainer , jared has received high acclaim for both his acting talents and his talents as a musician with the band , 30 seconds to mars .
he was last seen taking on the role of the joker in last year ' s suicide squad .
the score for blade runner 2049 was composed by hans zimmer and benjamin wallfisch .
an industry legend , hans zimmer has worked on films such as the lion king , gladiator , the dark knight , interstellar , dunkirk and inception .
benjamin wallfisch recently won rave reviews for his work on horror movies it and annabelle : creation .
inititally the soundtrack was to be scored by director denis villeneuve ' s long - running collaborator johan johannsson ( prisoners , sicario , and arrival ) but villeneuve decided that hans and benjamin ' s work was more in line with the original blade runner movie .
fans of the original sci - fi cult hit will be thrilled to hear that blade runner 2049 has scored universally positive reviews .
officer k ( played by ryan gosling ) is blade runner for the lapd when he stumbles across a forgotten secret that is capable of triggering a fresh wave of chaos and carnage to society .
in his mission , he is forced to track down rick deckard ( harrison ford ) - a former blade runner who has been missing for 30 years .
officer k ' s quest will lead him to a futuristic but crumbling las vegas .
gunman shoots 3 times at woman at point blank range . . . and misses
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movies and tv shows are certified fresh with a steady tomatometer of 75 % or higher after a set amount of reviews ( 80 for wide - release movies , 40 for limited - release movies , 20 for tv shows ) , including 5 reviews from top critics .
brittania hospital attempts to put on its best face in preparation for a visit from the queen mother , despite the presence of dissatisfied patients , angry protesters , and a chief surgeon turned mad scientist . this very british black comedy mixes broad farce with pointed political satire .
the bitterness of the satire has served to marginalize anderson ' s final chapter . see it , but be aware that it ' s a chilly blast of unpleasantly cold air .
if you like films that leave an impression on you - then you ' ll like this . i saw this for the first time when i was quite young , i think my dad wished he ' d known how weird it would get , or he probably wouldn ' t have let me watch it with him . whilst there is a riotous strike going on outside the hospital there is weirdness going on inside , as an eccentric doctor performs some truly sadistic acts on his patients to fulfill his own ambitions . its full of faces any 30 - plus british audience will recognise , and if you ' re an orbital fan you ' ll love the speech at the end which they sampled for snivilisation . a cult black comedy , with some quite horrific bits in , its quintessentially british , but definitely not in the vain the full monty or four wedding .
i ' m not sure i understood the politics behind the story , but it ' s a very interesting movie , very unique . it ' s actaully the third in a series of movies starring mcdowell . i ' d only recommend seeing this if you ' ve seen the other two .
‘blade runner 2’ is set to feature jared leto in a new yet unnamed role . leto joins cast members ryan gosling , harrison ford , lennie james , dave bautista , and barkhad abdi in the sequel .
leto’s character remains to be confirmed but it was teased in a newly released statement that his role will be made especially for the sequel . according to ign , alcon co - founders andrew kosove and broderick johnson said in the statement , “we are thrilled that jared has agreed to play a key role in the blade runner sequel . he is a phenomenal actor , and we know he will create a truly memorable , never before seen character . ”
lennie james of amc’s ‘the walking dead’ fame will also be joining the new cast . james also appeared on numerous feature films such as 1998’s ‘les miserables’ , 2000’s ‘snatch’ , and 2011’s ‘columbiana’ . dave bautista of ‘guardians of the galaxy’ and barkhad abdi ‘captain phillips’ will also star in the sequel .
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area code 313 is an area code within the north american numbering plan serving detroit and most of its closest suburbs in wayne county , michigan .

it includes the enclave cities hamtramck and highland park , as well as dearborn , dearborn heights , inkster , melvindale , the grosse pointe communities , lincoln park , redford , and taylor north of goddard road , river rouge , and ecorse .

area code 313

area code 313 is found in the us state of michigan . primarily servicing the city of detroit ( population : 662893 ) , area code 313 covers 1 county of michigan .
the 313 area code ( or area code 313 ) is located in the state of mo . area code 313 is one of the 269 3 - digit telephone area codes in the usa . it covers roughly 2 . 52 million unique phone numbers and 5 . 81 million individuals near the city of saint louis
located in the eastern time zone , area code 313 is on the same time as new york , ny .
the international country codes , city code , area code or dialing code listed on this table are for your information only .
the 713 area code is the second most used area code for spam callers , according to a new list released by a major phone company .
hey , everybody from the 313 , start thinking of new numbers to rally around - - the longstanding detroit area code may be phased out .
the 313 area code lies within the eastern standard time ( or est ) . the current time in eastern standard time is 11 : 45 pm on 04 / 06 / 2018 .
detroit’s 313 area code leads the country in spam call victimization , according to whitepages , which keeps track of every few known phone number in north america . even your number , probably .
women’s abayas , or robes , for sale with “313” designs ( source : bintjbeil . org )
,
all you need do is first dial the area code , and then the desired telephone number . be sure to enter the area code for distant points in the address book with the telephone number .
and at & t released a statement as well , saying in part ,
per your query , an overlay of the 248 area code occurred in 2002 . when an overlay occurs , the prior area code ( 248 ) has a new area code ( 947 ) commingled with it so that either area code is valid in the same geography . at & t does not release information regarding the specific quantity of numbers that are actually assigned to customers .
especially if you have an area code that ' s very popular , you could have people draining area codes out of the area - - even if they ' re not geographically there ,
he said .
houston ' s 832 , 281 , and newest area code 346 didn ' t make the list that was released .
a choice in area code , perhaps for more - strategic reasons , also comes with the use of various phone services .
when buying a cell phone at an at & t ; store , west side resident bob grimm , 24 , asked for the area code 313 , representing detroit , a city in which he never has lived , and probably never will live .
for western hip - hop fans , the number 313 may call to mind the area code for detroit , michigan , made famous by the rapper eminem , who hailed from the city ( “everybody from the 313 , put your motherf * cking hands up and follow me ! ” he bellows at the start of the final verse in the biographical 8 mile film ) .
that placed either a 1 or a 0 as the second digit in each area code . ( those with 0 in the middle
the 313 area code is one of the telephone area codes supported by spokeo ' s reverse phone lookup technology . spokeo ' s reverse phone lookup functions much like a personal caller - id system , and can identify the owner of virtually any phone number in the continental united states . spokeo gathers hundreds of millions of listed phone records and potentially presents the owner ' s full name , address , email , photos , and any other information that may be associated with the record . try searching for any 313 area code phone number today , and discover what spokeo can do for you .
beyond end times theology , yazbek echoed other sources in saying the 313 phenomenon also had significant political connotations , being affiliated with the wilayat al - faqih doctrine shared by the iranian regime and its lebanese ally , hezbollah . iran has incorporated the number more than once into the names of its military hardware , such as the fateh - 313 ballistic missile and the qaher - 313 stealth fighter jet . several pro - hezbollah facebook pages , such as “ the voice of the resistance 313 , ” include the digits in their titles .
the venerable 313 will ultimately become overtaxed . even as detroit’s population has fallen , cellphone usage has accelerated like one of those smoldering srt vipers that dodge has been bolting together at conner avenue assembly — which is , of course , comfortably within the confines of 313 .
verizon released a statement saying in part ,
verizon wireless has numbers from the new 947 area code and has assigned numbers to customers . there are several other carriers that have been allocated from the 947 area code as well . the north american numbering plan administrator ( nanpa ) website at
at that point , the administration plans to add digits to area code or prefix numbers - - thereby changing a little part of pop culture .
note : the above list is based off of the top 25 most populous cities in the area code as per 2012 united states census bureau estimates .
i was very surprised that there was no coverage regarding the new area code unlike when 248 came out and 586 came out ,
said patrick .
milwaukeeans love our 414 , the area code covering the city , the county and parts of muskego and brookfield , and it ' s been around forever .
turns out , milwaukee ' s area code has something to do with the number of clicks on a rotary phone . fewer clicks were easier to dial .
help me hank reached out to the north american numbering plan administration to get more information about the
947
area code , but has not heard back .
the area code - - a number that for six decades has served as a means of caller identification and a symbol of hometown pride - - is becoming increasingly irrelevant .
for many young people , an area code is more an indication of where they bought their first phone ( or where their parents bought it ) than where they live .
of course , the 473 scam is run from area codes other than 473 - - at the bottom of this story is a list of area codes that appear domestic ( because they use country code + 1 ) , but are , in fact , international .
which explains why the area code - - a number that for six decades has served as a means of caller identification and a symbol of hometown pride - - is becoming increasingly irrelevant .
new customers of at & t ; , sprint , t - mobile and verizon are assigned a local area code by default but can request another , regardless of whether it carries geographic significance .
since those early days a few hip - hop musicians have given detroit a taste of glory — but none have managed to spread the love onto every upandcomer that shares the 313 area code or create the kind of infrastructure that could support a burgeoning scene . and , aside from eminem , the most influential albums and artists have remained under the radar of mainstream media and commercial radio .
confusion over digits and time zones aside , phone numbers can be even more disorienting now that many wireless customers can choose any area code in the country , as long as it ' s available .
while area code 473 may appear to be domestic , it is not . this area code was created in the late 1990s for the islands of grenada , carriacou , and petite martinique , which , like the united states , use country code 1 . calls placed to 473 numbers are international calls and can be quite expensive – and , because the criminals sometimes establish the number which the victim sees on his or her caller id as a premium service number – the rate can exceed $ 20 for the first minute !
german village resident jay gaughan , 27 , doubts that he ' ll ever have a land line and thinks he ' d change his new york area code only if he moved out of the country .
here are the u . s . territories ' area codes ( listed by territory ) :
a telephone area code in california . originally ( in 1947 ) covered all of southern california , but its territory has shrunk over the years and it is now one of the smallest area codes in the north american numbering plan , covering only downtown los angeles and a few adjacent neighborhoods ( usc , for example ) . the last split from 213 directly occurred in 1998 , when area code 323 was formed . 323 completely surrounds 213 . 213 is notable in rap culture for being referenced by prominent rappers in the 1980s as the area code at the time of compton and long beach . both cities were split into 310 upon its creation in 1991 . in 1997 , 562 was split from 310 , taking long beach with it .
the area code of a certain part of la , usually used to represent compton or longbeach . also , a rap group that has existed for ten years but has only put out their debut album this year .
you used to be able to access this sparkling little section of the country , over the phone , by dialing the 408 area code ; in 1998 , the area stretching south of san jose , and on down the coast to king city , was split off . it all became , suddenly , 831 .
in theory , then , wannabes could help exhaust the 62 - year - old area - code system , which is projected to run out of numbers in about 30 years , said manning , of the numbering administration .
our friends over at the detroit news report that pending a revised estimate next week , the north american numbering plan administration will stop handing out 313 telephone prefixes on new phone numbers . detroiters with existing cell phone lines would be able to keep their current area codes , while those with land lines would change .
it isn’t only shiites , however , who have shown interest in the number 313 . indeed , to the contrary , it was a sunni militant group calling itself the 313 brigade that claimed responsibility for a july 2013 car comb that injured over 50 civilians in dahiyeh itself . extremist sunni al - qaeda militants have also operated under the name in pakistan and afghanistan . the pan - islamic appeal of the number derives , according to yazbek and others , from the traditional view that 313 was the number of soldiers accompanying the prophet in the victorious battle of badr in 624 — a battle seen as decisive in defeating pagan arab opposition to the new monotheistic faith .
area code in la usually represented by the rap group 213 ( snoop dogg , warren g , wc ) . 213 is in la but many people think about compton and long beach . lbc is 562 , not 213 .
“this year they’re really going for the 313 thing , ” said rasha al - amin , a resident of beirut’s predominantly shiite southern suburb , dahiyeh . “they’re selling a lot of t - shirts , all over the place . ”
this year they’re really going for the 313 thing , ” said rasha al - amin , a resident of beirut’s predominantly shiite southern suburb , dahiyeh . “they’re selling a lot of t - shirts , all over the place . ”
in the area , explaining—through newspaper articles and pamphlets and movie shorts—how to use the new dialing system .
however , verizon wireless ' steve van dinter told me ,
it ' s really more for attaching a bit of geography to a phone number . while most people that grew up using cell phones tend not to memorize phone numbers , there are still plenty of people that identify an area code or exchange with a certain geographic area . and some choose not to pick up phone calls from people with area codes they do not recognize .
the area code for central los angeles , namely downtown la and surrounding cities . in general , used to represent the west coast as a whole and not an individual city within los angeles county ( such as long beach or compton ) .
the toledo native saw the phone number as an opportunity to joke with friends from home - - all of them fans of the detroit - centric film 8 mile , in which rapper eminem talks of being from
the 313 .
yes , despite its popular association with the wealth and status of tony westside neighborhoods and beverly hills , area code 310 does include compton , as does its recent ( 2006 ) overlay , 424 , though all of these places were originally 213 .
in his 2001 hit area codes , rapper ludacris bragged about knowing women in 42 locations across the country .
new york , the most densely populated area of the nation , got 212—2 - 1 - 2 containing the lowest number of clicks possible on the rotary phone . los angeles got 213—the second - lowest—while chicago got 312 , and detroit got 313 . anchorage , alaska , on the other hand , got 907 , which required 26 clicks from the person doing the dialing .
“this figure in general is related to the number of al - mahdi ' s men who will appear with him as per the twelver shiite religious beliefs or doctrine , ” said yazbek . “it was widely accepted in the old societies , but today in modern society this number sounds irrelevant — what can an army of only 313 men do in wars ? so they philosophize that this 313 could be the number of the commanders of al - mahdi’s army , or his most loyal supporters , or his henchmen , etc . ”
now every telephone carrier is required to submit twice - yearly forecasts of its needs in each area code , factoring in everything from birth rates to the detroit bankruptcy — “not something we stuck a number on , ” foley says , “but just something we took into account .
as lori roth , director of mobile products at whitepages says , many fall victim to calls from area codes that they recognize because of the familiarity . you are much more likely to answer an unknown caller with your same area code than one without . it could be a family member or friend in need , after all . just answering the phone gives crooks a chance to swindle you .
dallas has two area codes in the top ten list that whitepages has released . insert your own dallas crack here .
they assume the first three digits are 614 , so it causes a ' who ' s on first ? ' type of thing ,
he said .
i ' ve trained myself to say ' area code 646 ' and go on with the phone number . '
while at & t devised the area code system , it ' s now overseen by the fcc , but handled by a dozen people at neustar , inc . , a spin - off of lockheed martin . but neustar doesn ' t know the significance of the fours , either .
of course , the next three digits in phone numbers are a little easier to trace back , because they sometimes spelled out telephone exchange names or central office names ( think
pennsylvania 6 - 5000
) . but that just doesn ' t jibe with the area code mystery .
actually , forever only extends back to 1947 , when bell telephone established our iconic area code , along with 715 , in wisconsin . the goal back then was to standardize long - distance calls and to remove the switchboard operator from having to manually connect people across systems with patch cords .
for that reason , some dahiyeh residents , such as amin , worry the 313 fad , along with other recent , overt displays of sectarian identity such as the increased wearing of sword necklaces , are further symptoms of deepening communal divisions in lebanon , particularly between shiite and sunni citizens .
this area code is for these cities and surrounding areas . some areacodes extend into two time zones , like 208 id - 7 / - 8 idaho , 219 in - 6 / - 5 nw indiana : gary , 250 bc - 8 / - 7 canada : british columbia , etc .
when it came to creating the area codes for the country , the engineers also made their plans with maximum efficiencies in mind .
also - - canadian numbers that begin 976 after the area code ( these can be like 900 numbers . the u . s . used to have such numbers as well . numbers beginning 540 in new york used to also be premium numbers , but these should no longer be in service . )
area code to the core , although not neccesarily the heart of la . ( for the heart of la , see 323 ) it & apos ; s territory includes all of downtown la , plus surrounding areas such as westlake , boyle heights , and echo park . for other area codes in los angeles , check 310 ( west la ) , 323 ( already mentioned , encircles the 213 ) , and 818 ( the valley )
chances are that spam callers are the bane of your existence . from “free” cruises to deals on cellphones that just you cannot pass up , the 713 area code is popular with spammers across the country . phony irs and caller id spoofing are some of the biggest problems when it comes to spam calls .
473 is not the only area code from which this scam has been perpetrated . beware calls coming in from area codes 809 , 284 , 649 and 876 , which like 473 are international , and are known to have been used for similar scams . of course , if you do not have a calling plan that includes calls to canada , there are many other area codes for which you could be billed international dialing rates , but so - called “one ring , ” “ring and run , ” or “dial and disconnect” scams are not typically perpetrated using canadian numbers .
because they don ' t recognize it , unlike a 248 , 586 , 313 , they don ' t pick up . we leave a voice mail message , and some of them will call back and they tell us ' i didn ' t recognize that number . '
said patrick .
in 2017 , it doesn ' t really matter too much . most of us don ' t memorize phone numbers , thanks to cell phone address books and speed dial . because of number portability and the effective end to long - distance tolls , your neighbor may own a number with a completely different area code .
the help me hank consumer unit did some digging and we found the
947
number has apparently been around since 2002 and it overlays the same geographic area as
248
. the north american numbering plan administration is responsible for creating and administering new area codes .
area codes , of course , weren ' t always simply symbolic . when a
long - distance
call had a monetary value assigned to it , moving meant changing your phone number , almost by default : you couldn’t very well ask your new friends and acquaintances to pay long - distance fees each time they gave you a call . the rise of monthly cell service , with its flattening of the national phone grid , transformed the area code from an economic signal into a purely cultural one—and one that has the ever - more - rare virtue of connecting its owner to a physical place . you could liken an area code , now , to a sports team affiliation . or to an alma mater . or to an insistence that soda is properly known as
pop .
“ring and run” scams are not new ; when 900 numbers and pagers were popular in the days before the proliferation of the internet and cell phones ( it’s hard to believe that was less than a generation ago ) , criminals would page people asking them to return calls to such numbers . eventually , people learned not to call back anyone with a 900 number . likewise , until shortly before the turn of the century , the caribbean islands using the american country code 1 all used the same area code , 809 ; scams were perpetrated , but , after a while , people learned to avoid calling that single area code . the latest crop of scams exploits the advances in technology – the implementation of many new area codes makes it difficult for most people to recognize what is a domestic number and what is not , and the proliferation of cellphones ( rather than pagers ) means that sounds of trouble can be played to victims , exploiting their caring about others in distress .
and , even within the twelver shiite community , many are unimpressed by the 313 trend and some of its accoutrements , including young women painting their nails black and wearing dark kohl eyeliner . when the aforementioned bint jbeil org article was shared on the popular “al - dahiyeh” facebook group , it attracted dozens of critical comments .
—hence dc’s 202 and florida’s 305—while those with a 1 denoted states with multiple codes . ) the system meant that those early computers would be able to distinguish between a long - distance area code and a local number . which meant in turn that they could route calls across the nation , to regions of the network and finally to local networks .
patrick says comcast told them they were out of
248
numbers , so they were given a
947
area code . as the company was close to opening day , they decided to move forward with the number they were given . they assumed it was a number that would be catching on , but instead it ' s causing confusion
when the first five dozen area codes were assigned nearly 70 years ago , says nanpa’s tom foley , “that was expected basically to last forever . ”
seeing area codes as a way to represent a city , clothing designer miche dwenger sells 614 t - shirts on urltoken and at its clintonville store .
according to this doctrine , 313 is the number of military commanders that will lead al - mahdi’s army upon his anticipated reappearance . or , at least , that is the prevailing contemporary view — sheikh abbas yazbek , an independent shiite cleric from lebanon’s baalbek - hermel region , told now it has meant different things at different times throughout history , and to this day there is no complete consensus .
the name
473 scam
comes from the fact that criminals have been known to use caller ids with the area code 473 - - which appears to be domestic , but is actually the area code for the island of grenada and several other islands outside the united states that , like the u . s . , use country code + 1 . calls placed to 473 numbers are international calls , not typically included in calling plans , and can run up quite a bill . also , the criminals perpetrating 473 scams often establish premium numbers - - the equivalent of the 900 numbers that were popular in the united states in the pre - internet era . calls to such numbers can sometimes cost more than $ 20 for the first minute ! ( in fact , a couple decades ago , similar scams used to be run from within the united states - - criminals would send messages to people ' s pagers ( remember those ? ) paging them from premium numbers with the hope that the recipients would call back and be charged for the calls . )
if you have voicemail – as pretty much everyone does today – there is usually no reason to call back missed calls from numbers that you do not recognize , regardless of the area code from which they originated . if a caller has something important to say , he or she can leave a message identifying himself or herself ( or send you a text message ) . don’t let curiosity get the best of you .
as the network grew , it also became more complex . splits and overlays of area codes , especially as the population of phone users grew in the 1980s and 1990s , became common . lapsley points out that , when codes split—as 408 did in 1998 , leading to 831—there can be resentment and even anger associated with the division . as the communications scholar james katz told gene weingarten in 1998 :
when we are assigned an area code we do not like , it feels like a loss of place or position in society . it is one means of alienation . we are losing our sense of place .
indeed , the biggest cities got the easiest to dial area codes : 212 ( new york ) , 213 ( los angeles ) and 313 ( detroit ) . anchorage got the hardest to dial ( 907 ) , which required 26 clicks . new jersey , washington , d . c . , maryland , and connecticut got 201 , 202 , 301 and 203 . there were some odd exceptions , though : dallas , western massachusetts , and manitoba were all promoted above their importance in 1947 , while boston , kansas city ( both kansas and missouri ) , and the suburbs of new york city were demoted .
as the bint jbeil org website reported last week , clothes shops in shiite - majority areas in beirut and across lebanon have been marketing a new range of black robes for women ( ashura , which marks the death of the prophet muhammad’s grandson , hussein bin ali , is a day of mourning ) with “313” printed on the fronts and backs in large white typeface . pictures sent to now — see above — also show black t - shirts bearing the number on sale in south beirut , and even a barber’s salon re - branded with the digits in lebanon’s south region . the number also drew attention when it was seen tattooed on the shirtless torsos of some young men accused of sparking riots at a you stink demonstration in downtown beirut in august ( now saw one demonstrator with a “313” tattoo on his neck at a later , peaceful protest ) .
there certainly was cultural significance to area codes back in the day . brian bergstein of the mit technology review told the atlantic in 2014 :
of course we didn ' t know it at the time , but now it seems that the atomization of area codes was a prelude to the microtargeting that fuels political campaigns and advertising : it refined our perceptions of who people are .
states with multiple area codes had a
1
in the middle of their three - digit codes . states with one area code were assigned a
0
in the middle . additionally , for the first digit ,
0
and
1
were restricted , since those implied operator - assisted or international calls . the second and third digit could not be the same , since those codes were reserved for special purposes , like
411
and
911 .
finally , the last digit couldn ' t be a
0 ,
because those were for
typewriter exchanges ,
an early form of text messaging .
at & t designed the north american numbering plan ( nanp ) for the bell system in the 1940s . originally , it consisted of 86 numbering plan area codes , and they had to follow certain rules .
in addition to the list of international numbers that
look american ,
keep in mind that canada and various u . s . territories are also part of country code + 1 - - and while scammers do not typically run 473 scams from canada or u . s . territories , some domestic telephone plans do not consider calls to these areas to be a domestic or free calls . for that reason , i have included lists of u . s . territory and canadian area codes below as well .
has a wealth of information about area codes , which prefixes ( central office codes ) are assigned to carriers or still available for assignment , etc . nanpa is the third party neutral administrator of numbering resources in the u . s .
criminals target people simply by calling them . intended victims receive a call on their phones from area code 473 which rings once and then disconnects , thereby arousing the call - recipient’s natural curiosity – “who just called me and from where ? ” sometimes the caller actually allows the phone to ring long enough for the victim to answer - - after which the caller ( or the caller’s robocaller system ) makes groaning sounds or otherwise indicates that he or she is in distress and then hangs up , enticing the victim to wonder what is going on and call back .
it ' s not terribly scientific ,
said doug hescox , a california code administrator , who talked about this to the baltimore sun in 1997 .
there ' s a pool of numbers we can choose from , and we ' re getting down to where there ' s no nice , neat numbers left .
it ' s a fairly new phenomenon because of the way the cell - phone industry has evolved ,
said john manning , director of the north american numbering plan administration , which oversees the nation ' s 800 area codes for the federal communications commission .
it ' s like an inside joke with other people from the area ,
said dwenger , 31 , who owns the design company growndflore .
you ' re wearing a 614 shirt in florida , and someone ' s like ' columbus , ohio ! '
i then surmised that the original planners tried to pick area codes for nearby cities that were really different , like 414 and 715 in wisconsin , or 412 , 215 and 717 for pennsylvania . remember that old rotary dial photos were not the easiest devices to use accurately .
“what is this idiocy , al - imam al - hussein deserves better than this , ” said one commenter . “hussein is innocent of this , by god , i feel some of these girls need to be whipped , ” opined one woman . in an indication that perhaps the 313 crowd were not so different from american hip - hop devotees after all , one user ranted : “these people probably don’t pray the prayers on time , and fasting [ during ramadan ] for them is just a trend [ … ] they annoy their neighbors when they’re smoking arguileh in the middle of the night , and shouting , and guffawing with laughter . ”
in other words , 414 may be a source of pride , but someone with one of the other 293 american area codes may be a milwaukeean , too . at least until 2038 , when some have speculated another digit will be added somewhere . then it ' s anybody ' s guess .
while 809 , 473 , 284 , 649 and 876 , may be the primary sources of the current danger , here is a list of ( non - canadian ) area codes that are international . all but a few are relatively new , having been split off from 809 in the late 1990s .
there are also resource concerns : as individuals , we ' re getting , what with skype and google voice and their many equivalents , more and more phone numbers . and the 10 - digit numbering system currently in use throughout the u . s . , canada , and u . s . territories is , manning points out ,
a finite resource .
he doesn ' t see that deci - digital system changing anytime soon : like the bell employees of the last century , manning appreciates the power of user habit when it comes to our technological infrastructure . nanpa , he points out , takes pains to make transitions like area code splits and overlays as seamless as possible for those affected by them .
for years , detroit ' s rap scene was largely self - sustained . acts from the city and the surrounding area , like deshaun
proof
holton ( d12 member and eminem ' s best friend ) and elzhi , made their rounds in venues like the hip - hop shop and the shelter before becoming regional indie powerhouses .
after most americans became aware that 900 numbers were premium numbers , criminals started to use other areas codes - - often 809 ( the caribbean islands ) - - which led to this scam even being known as an 809 scam . after sufficient media coverage educated enough folks not to return calls to area code 809 , criminals shifted to other areas codes - - assisted by the implementation of many new area codes over the last two decades - - making it far more difficult for people to recognize which numbers are domestic and which are not . of course , the fact that today ' s phones allow people to respond quickly to text messages and missed calls means that people are less likely than during the era of pagers to reconsider whether it ' s a good idea to respond before they call or text back . also , psychologically speaking , humans are more likely to become alarmed when hearing the voice of another human crying for help than when seeing a text message - - giving today ' s scammers another edge up over their counterparts two decades ago . scammers adapt their techniques as technologies and awareness levels change .
of course we didn’t know it at the time , but now it seems that the atomization of area codes was a prelude to the microtargeting that fuels political campaigns and advertising : it refined our perceptions of who people are . when i grew up in the san fernando valley , it and all the rest of l . a . was 213 . you had to travel a long way to get out of 213 , which might have subtly enforced the fallacy that l . a . was actually a coherent city rather than a mere patchwork . sure , there were always zip codes to differentiate fancy neighborhoods from nondescript ones , but a phone number was and is part of an introduction—it’s a calling card in itself , not merely numbers on your actual calling card . you give people your phone number if you like them , not your zip code .
at first , i thought that the largest metro areas would get the easy - to - remember area codes , but that ' s not exactly right . los angeles , for example , got 213 , and chicago got 312 . additionally , these aren ' t assigned like the interstate system , in which the number signifies the highway ' s direction and placement in the country ( but that ' s another article ) .
engineers at bell labs designed the numbering scheme beginning in the early 1940s and working into the next decade . they took advantage , in that , of a supremely rare and an even more supremely geeky opportunity : to design a system , from scratch , that would ensure a maximum amount of efficiency for a maximum number of phone users . the area codes that lead our own phone numbers today—212 , 202 , 415—were direct results of their work .
much of the success hip - hop musicians from the detroit area are seeing today has followed tough times . j dilla , proof and blade icewood , who anchored disparate groups of rappers and producers , all died in the mid ' 00s . while acts like guilty simpson , finale and one be lo ( from neighboring city , pontiac ) have maintained successful indie careers , for the five rappers hitting hardest right now it ' s been a rollercoaster ride .
“it feels to me a little bit like a screen name , ” says philip lapsley , the author of exploding the phone : the untold story of the teenagers and outlaws who hacked ma bell . long ago divested of its original role , the three - digit code now functions as a kind of shared social media handle , a collective identity . it’s no longer something to be remembered—we have our phones for that—but is instead something to be talked about . i meet someone at a party . we exchange numbers . “oh , 510 ! ” i might say . “i was in oakland a few weeks ago ! ”
john manning , the senior director of the nanpa , told me that choosing fours were probably about the shorter clicks that milwaukee earned by being a larger city .
only 160 area codes ( were ) available ,
he said .
as such , the quantity of npas to select from was not that large . it had to do with the large call volumes going to the large cities , and the call setup time reflected in the ' register holding time . '
it ' s a tough nut to crack — dominating the sound and style of hip - hop music for any stretch of time . and while detroit may not have a singular sound or any one artist spawning imitators even outside city lines , at this moment , five rappers from the area are in the national spotlight . the cliques that once divvied up motor city ' s underground hip - hop scene have begun working together , intersecting on records , on stage and in national media .
to someone from 213 , which covered the side of the city that was cooler than the valley and its cheesy suburban sprawl . my grandparents lived in 213 and consequently they suddenly seemed more urban to me . even that image is outdated , though , now that l . a . has even more area codes . my grandparents’ old place has shifted from 213 to 310 . the associated vibe is more specific : it’s “west side” rather than “more urban , more interesting half of town . ”
the whole scheme “illustrates how smart the bell engineers were back then , ” phil lapsley points out . they were trying to design a system that was user - friendly—with the user , in this case , being the nation as a whole . they were also trying to design a system that would be , as much as possible , future - proof . there were , given the possible permutations of the rotary dial , 152 potential area codes . at first , only 86 of these were assigned . the engineers , in outfitting their new network , had given it room to grow .
the bell system ' s new codes were first introduced to the public in the early 1950s , as part of a larger push toward automated , or direct distance , dialing . bell , true to form—and recognizing the semi - audacity of its new numbering scheme—rolled them out in a way that will feel familiar to any current user of facebook or twitter : through beta testing . the company chose , as area codes’ introduction city , englewood , n . j . , which was conveniently located near bell labs and featured , as a bonus , switch equipment that was easily adapted to automation .
but there are signs of progress . big sean ' s
hometown heroes
show in the detroit area last december was received well , and black milk ' s release party for album of the year last fall packed st . andrews hall , one of the city ' s most known concert venues . danny brown is currently on tour with popular indie rappers das racist . slaughterhouse is at work on its major label debut . fowl says it hasn ' t been easy , but his lofty goals remain the same : sell 10 million records , and become the greatest rapper of all time .
i grew up in carmel , smack in the middle of the new code region ; my first cell phone number—the only cell phone number i have ever had—bears that 831 preface . i have held on to those three digits through happily - multiple changes of location ( new jersey , new york , boston , washington ) and through unhappily - multiple losses of handset . the powers that be—hardware salespeople , cell service representatives—have , at one time or another , tried to force me into a 609 and a 917 and a 617 ; each time , i have resisted . because i am not , fundamentally , a 609 or a 917 or a 617 . i am not even , my current residence notwithstanding , a 202 . i am an 831 , wherever i may be in body , and will remain an 831 until they pry those three otherwise totally meaningless digits out of my cold , dead iphone .
on november 10 , 1951 , the official rollout of area codes took place . with 100 guests watching , englewood mayor m . leslie denning dialed a number : 415 - la - 3 - 9727 . exactly 17 seconds later , denning’s call was picked up by frank osborn , the mayor of alameda , california . bell engineers called the cross - continental and intramayoral conversation a
historic first in communications .
and newspapers , for their part , were even more jubilant about the proceedings . as the new york times put it in an article announcing the englewood test - call , “the vine - like network of this small community ' s telephone plant will grow tomorrow like an atomic age descendant of jack the giant killer ' s beanstalk . ”
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a scam that repeats itself in modified forms every few years is once again spreading throughout the united states . don’t be a victim !
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long - distance digits long ago shed their monetary worth , but they gained something else in its place : cultural value .
in the mid - 20th century , in response to the united states’ rapidly expanding telephone network , executives at the bell system introduced a new way of dialing the phone . until then , for the most part , it was human operators—mostly women—who had directed calls to their destinations .
dialing systems had reflected this reliance on the vocal cord . phone numbers weren’t numbers ; they were alphanumeric addresses , named after phone exchanges that encompassed particular geographic areas . the elizabeth taylor movie butterfield 8 gets its name from that system : the butterfield exchange served the tony establishments of manhattan ' s upper east side . lucy and ricky ricardo , should you have attempted to call their apartment , were apparently reachable with a request for
murray hill 5 - 9975 .
in 1955 , at & t—after it researched ways to minimize misunderstandings when it came to spoken phone directions—distributed a list of recommended exchange names featuring standardized abbreviations . ( butterfield 8 would become , under that system , bu - 8 ; murray hill 5 - 9975 would have been shortened to mu 5 - 9975 . ) but engineers at bell had been conducting their own research into the scalability of the name - and - number system . they had ambitions to expand the national phone network ; their own research had concluded , among other things , that
the country could not supply enough working women to meet its growing demand for human operators .
automation , bell concluded , would be the future of telephony . and
all - number calling
—no names , anymore , just digits—would be the way to get there .
i want to tell you about the controversy the bell system ' s embrace of numeracy provoked—how resentful some people became when their familiar method of making phone calls was taken from them . i want to tell you about why the change was necessary , and how it still informs our conception of phone calls and text messages . i want to tell you about the future of the phone number .
so when the valley became 818 when i was a kid , suddenly the valley’s separateness became more tangible to me . we weren’t all in it together any more . if you gave someone your phone number you instantly revealed yourself as an
we ' d owe that conversation , in some part , to the bell system . and to the 10 - digit coding system the telecom giant introduced to , and on behalf of , the american public half a century ago . which brings us back to 1962 .
sers of the phone system ( as users of any technology are wont to do when transition comes along ) would likely resist the change , the group did so slowly , and strategically . it built in long grace periods for people to accommodate themselves to the new numbers . it produced pamphlets methodically explaining the new system .
still , people protested . in san francisco , a group sprang up to battle bell and its numbering scheme . the anti - digit dialing league —consisting of thousands of members at its height , including the semanticist s . i . hayakawa