the maryland drydock company was a shipbuilding company that operated in baltimore , maryland during the 20th century .

the company started life in 1920 as the globe shipbuilding and dry dock company of maryland .

its president at this time was b. c. cooke .

the company bought land along the patapsco river across the bay from fort mchenry .

it later changed its name to the simpler " maryland drydock company " .

sometime after 1950 , its name was changed again , to the maryland shipbuilding and drydock company .

maryland drydock specialized in ship conversions , upgrades and repairs rather than with shipbuilding per se .

during world war ii , the company was employed in the conversion of numerous warships built at other yards for the us war effort .

unlike many other shipbuilding companies of the period , it survived the postwar downturn in the shipbuilding industry .

in 1970 , the company 's yard in baltimore was purchased by the manufacturer of fruehauf trailers which spent $ 30 million upgrading the site .

unfortunately , adverse economic conditions caused the yard to close in 1984 and much of the site was razed , although one drydock was preserved and was being used by kurt metal for the scrapping of old ships in 1995 .

not counting the many vessels " jumbosized " there , a total of at least eighteen vessels were built during the shipyard 's history .

maryland drydock company

( formerly globe shipbuilding & dry dock co . and maryland drydock co . )
maryland shipbuilding and drydock company v . the united states , 409 f . 2d 1363 ( ct . cl . 1969 )
maryland shipbuilding and drydock company v . the united states , 409 f . 2d 1363 ( ct . cl . 1969 ) : : justia
beautifully engraved certificate from the globe shipbuilding and dry dock company of maryland issued in 1920 . this historic document has an ornate border around it with the company ' s name on top . this item has the signatures of the company ' s president , b . c . cooke and secretary and is over 86 years old . globe shipbuilding company of baltimore was later known as the maryland drydock company .
beautifully engraved certificate from the maryland shipbuilding & drydock company issued in 1957 . this historic document was printed by american bank note company and has an ornate border around it with a vignette of two allegorical men flanking thwo ships in drydock . this item has the printed signatures of the company ' s president , george french and secretary and is over 48 years old . certificate vignette the maryland shipbuilding and drydock company was a corporation chartered in the state of maryland and engaged in the business of shipbuilding and ship repair with its principle office in fairfield , maryland , and has an average of 1700 employees in the baltimore area
maryland shipbuilding & drydock co . the company was primarily a repair yard which also did major conversions and reconstructions and only limited new construction . koppers company , of pittsburgh , bought the business in the mid - 1930s . f
built by newport news shipbuilding & drydock company , newport news | 1930 sold to w . j . myles renamed meddo , 1933 scrapped at philadelphia .
built by maryland steel co . , sparrow’s point , maryland | 20th may 1942 torpedoed and sunk by german submarine u . 103 off cuba .
in 1920 , globe shipbuilding company , of superior wi , relocated to baltimore and opened a new yard , called globe shipbuilding & dry dock company of maryland . this business closed in 1922 , however , after building only two ships and experiencing the bankruptcy of a client for whom they were converting five hog islanders into tankers . a new company , maryland drydock , took over the yard in april 1922 and it operated under this name until 1957 , when it became
built by newport news shipbuilding & drydock company , newport news | 1942 to us navy renamed asterion used as a q ship , 1944 used as a weather ship , 1946 scrapped .
built by newport news shipbuilding & drydock company , newport news | 17th october 1942 torpedoed and sunk by german submarine u . 618 while in convoy on137 with the loss of 47 lives .
built by maryland steel co . , sparrow’s point , maryland | 7th june 1942 torpedoed and sunk by german submarine u . 159 with the loss of 2 lives .
to assist people who live in maryland , we have provided statistics about asbestos and mesothelioma in maryland . we have also included descriptions of the industries and lists of cities , towns and specific job sites in maryland where asbestos exposure is likely to have occurred . treatment options and recent news about asbestos and mesothelioma in maryland are also provided .
built by newport news shipbuilding & drydock company , newport news | 1942 to us navy renamed atik used as a q ship , 26th march 1942 torpedoed and sunk by german submarine u . 123 .
built by bethlehem steel co . , sparrow’s point , maryland | 1951 scrapped at bordentown .
built by newport news shipbuilding & drydock company , newport news | 24th june 1942 torpedoed and damaged by german submarine u . 404 while in convoy with the loss of 2 lives , 25th june 1942 sunk .
built by maryland steel co . , sparrow’s point , maryland | 15th april 1942 torpedoed and sunk by german submarine u . 571 off east coast of usa and lost with all hands .
built by bethlehem steel co . , sparrow’s point , maryland | 1950 scrapped at fieldsbro’ nj .
a . h . bull & company , new york ( 1902 - 1963 ) / baltimore insular line inc .
on october 28 , 1960 , through the negligence of plaintiff ' s employees , a merchant ship developed a serious list while being berthed in drydock # 1 . before the vessel could be righted it suffered extensive damage and , in addition , damaged drydock # 1 to the extent that it sank . lesser damage to another drydock , adjacent piers , and other structures and equipment , also resulted .
maryland has an average mesothelioma death rate of about 8 . 1 people per million annually ( source : cdc )
not only is maryland a coastal mid - atlantic state , but the chesapeake bay offers a lot of opportunities for shipyards , dry docks and other shipping concerns where workers would have been exposed to asbestos . companies like bethlehem steel , which built a shipyard at sparrow’s point , were responsible for thousands of individuals becoming ill with mesothelioma , asbestosis , and other asbestos - related conditions . other ship manufacturers in the state include maryland shipbuilding & drydock company , newport news shipyard , and key highway shipyard .
evans , david and greg johnstone . “asbestos use companies and locations in maryland . ” all about malignant mesothelioma , september 2005 .
for the purpose of carrying on in this state the business of ship building and repairing & the other branches of business or manufacturing necessarily connected therewith
, the chesapeake marine railway and dry dock company was formally chartered in 1868 , by
highly respected leaders in the social , religious , and political affairs of the black community
, including john w . locks and isaac myers . these men and others obtained a lease through an agent , william applegarth . applegarth negotiated terms of a lease with its owner and then assigned the lease to
the john smith company
in 1866 . the john smith company was chartered two years later as the chesapeake marine railway and dry dock company . although the charter included the provision that the company was to exist for forty years , due to a misunderstanding , the lease expired and was not renewed in 1884 . the company ceased operations that year .
audience level : 0 . 75 ( from 0 . 65 for maryland s . . . to 0 . 83 for agreement . . . )
[ kanethara group inc . urltoken ] ( the first indian company to design cruise ship for india and building world biggest floating vessel freedomship in india . ) )
mesothelioma incidence in maryland is highest in and around the baltimore and washington , d . c . areas ( source : journal of the american medical association )
this information resource of the maryland state archives is presented here for fair use in the public domain . when this material is used , in whole or in part , proper citation and credit must be attributed to the maryland state archives . please note : rights assessment for associated source material is the responsibility of the user .
built by bethlehem steel co . , sparrow’s point , maryland | 24th may 1942 shelled and sunk by german submarine u . 558 with the loss of 1 life .
agreement between [ the company ] and local no . 31 , industrial union of marine and shipbuildings workers of america a . f . l . - c . i . o
if you or a loved one has been diagnosed with mesothelioma and were exposed to asbestos at a commercial , residential or military site in maryland , you may be entitled to compensation . don’t lose your right to file a claim . you must act quickly and file your claim within the appropriate statute of limitations for the state of maryland .
by far the greatest concentration of asbestos exposure and mesothelioma diagnoses in maryland has occurred in the baltimore area , mostly due to the shipbuilding and other industrial efforts taking place there .
maryland has been home to many shipyards over the years , and while all of these worksites present potential for exposing their employees to asbestos , some have been more dangerous than others .
asbestos was used heavily in the power industry to prevent fires and insulate wires from electricity and heat . maryland was home to the calvert cliffs nuclear power plant , which was a particularly dangerous worksite due to asbestos and other hazardous materials held there . three other notable power plants to expose their workers to asbestos include basco power electric , potomac electric power company , and glen burnie powerhouse .
kennard ' s wharf at the end of philpot street , the very place where frederick douglass entered baltimore as a slave in the 1820s , later became the site of one of the most successful black - owned businesses in baltimore city , the chesapeake marine railway and dry dock company . the company , founded in 1866 , employed both black and white workers , serving as a center of the city ' s shipbuilding industry .
sefine shipyard ( yalova , turkey ) . the shipyard has the 4th largest shipbuilding drydock in the country , with the dimensions of 240 x 42 x 9 meters ( length x width x depth ) , serviced by 1 jib crane and 1 tower crane .
the workhorse islander , a gritty , seemingly indestructible vessel built in 1950 in baltimore by maryland drydock company , came to be a constant in my vineyard experience . the islander was the first drive - through boat built for vineyard service and the first that could carry trailer trucks – a huge change in the way freight would be delivered to the island in the years to come . not only that , it could hold nearly twice as many automobiles as its most recent predecessors . as the longest - serving boat in vineyard history , the islander achieved an illusion of permanence that caused its retirement in march 2007 to be particularly wrenching . i made my last crossing in her stalwart hull with nostalgia and special regret .
built by delta shipbuilding company , new orleans , louisiana | ex - freeport seam , collier , standard ship type liberty ec2 - s - aw1 built for united states maritime commission , 1946 purchased renamed edith , 1963 scrapped at hirao .
built by delta shipbuilding company , new orleans , louisiana | ex - powellton seam , collier , standard ship type liberty ec2 - s - aw1 built for united states maritime commission , 1946 purchased renamed evelyn , 1963 scrapped at hirao .
built by delta shipbuilding company , new orleans , louisiana | ex - chilton seam , collier , standard ship type liberty ec2 - s - aw1 built for united states maritime commission , 1946 purchased renamed mae , 1963 scrapped at hirao .
built by maryland steel co . , sparrow’s point , md | 1919 chartered to export steamship corp . , 18th june 1942 torpedoed and sunk by german submarine u . 129 on voyage st . thomas - mobile with bauxite .
sedef shipyard ( tuzla , istanbul ) . the shipyard has the largest shipbuilding drydock in the country , with the dimensions of 310 x 49 x 8 . 3 meters ( length x width x depth ) , serviced by 1 gantry crane with the lifting capacity of 550 tons .
as previously noted , the srl property damage coverage was $ 8 , 000 , 000 ; $ 2 , 000 - 000 primary coverage and $ 6 , 000 , 000 excess . the insured value of drydock # 1 under the hull policies was $ 1 , 500 , 000 .
çiçek shipyard ( tuzla , istanbul ) . the shipyard has the 6th largest shipbuilding drydock in the country , with the dimensions of 205 x 37 x 10 . 5 meters ( length x width x depth ) , serviced by 1 gantry crane with the lifting capacity of 300 tons .
in january 2017 , metal shark was selected by the potomac riverboat company division of entertainment cruises to produce four 88’ , high speed / low wake , 150 - passenger aluminum catamarans for a new washington dc transit service . the low - wake , low - wash uscg subchapter t vessels were designed by bmt designers and planners and combine passenger comfort with fuel efficiency and low environmental impact . the new vessels provide commuters in the washington dc metro region with service between old town alexandria , virginia ; national harbor , maryland ; and georgetown and the wharf in washington dc . potomac riverboat company parent entertainment cruises is the nation’s largest dining and sightseeing cruise company , with a fleet of 30 ships operating in over a dozen major u . s . cities . construction on potomac taxi i and ii commenced in march 2017 , with both vessels finishing in september , approximately six months later . the remaining vessels , potomac taxi iii and iv , were delivered in february and march 2018 .
maryland is a small state , but given its proximity to several other states and washington , d . c . , it has many visitors , commuters , and other travelers who pass through on a regular basis that can be exposed to asbestos .
built by todd dry dock & construction company , seattle | ex - gaffney built for united states shipping board , ex - barreado 1928 , 1940 purchased renamed ruth , 29th june 1942 torpedoed and sunk by german submarine u . 153 with the loss of 35 lives .
many college campuses take pride in their old , stately buildings , but that pride can come crashing down when those buildings also contain asbestos , exposing students , faculty , and others to the risk of developing mesothelioma . the university of maryland in particular had asbestos troubles , with at least one report finding over 90 buildings containing the deadly material on campuses at catonsville , college park , and elsewhere . other higher - ed institutions that have had asbestos exposure problems include johns hopkins university , maryland state college , and washington college .
in the event of a casualty such as occurred here , the insured had two types of claim options under the hull policies . upon a satisfactory showing that the cost of raising and repairing the drydock would exceed its insured value of $ 1 , 500 , 000 , the insured could claim a constructive total loss and , after filing a timely notice of abandonment of the damaged property to the underwriters , collect $ 1 , 500 , 000 . the insured ' s other alternative under this coverage was to claim reimbursement , up to a maximum of $ 1 , 500 , 000 , for the cost actually incurred in raising and repairing the drydock .
for your convenience , we present below a list of mesothelioma doctors that are located and practice in the state of maryland . please click on a doctor link to obtain more information about their background , areas of expertise , professional affiliations , office locations and contact information .
built by bethlehem steel co . , sparrow’s point , maryland | launched as war shark but completed as cape lookout for united states shipping board , ex - koskiuszko 1919 , 1929 purchased from polish american navigation corp . , new york renamed jean , 1954 scrapped at baltimore .
the company also has added a major crane and modernized its pier space to better handle ships , including the zumwalt , the largest american destroyer ever built . the 600 - foot zumwalt arrived in san diego for the first time on thursday , and it will be stationed at san diego naval base .
the sparrow’s point shipyard operated by the bethlehem steel company was later revived as baltimore marine industries . the original company started out as the largest steel mill in the world , but in the late 19th century , shipbuilding and repairs began to increase up to the 1930s and 1940s when it focused on warships for the u . s . navy . over the next several decades , the sparrow’s point shipyard revamped its facilities and began to build supertankers that could haul massive amounts of cargo . despite the several changes of ownership , one thing has remained consistent : the exposure of asbestos to workers at the facility .
built by bethlehem fairfield shipyards inc . , baltimore , maryland | ex - ben e . dixon , standard ship type liberty ec2 - s - c1 built for united states maritime commission , 1947 purchased renamed angelina , 1961 returned to us government , 1963 scrapped at bordentown , jersey city .
learn more about asbestos exposure in the major towns and cities of maryland by clicking on the links below . if you worked at any of the jobsites highlighted on these pages , there is a possibility that you may have been exposed to asbestos which is known to cause the terminal cancer mesothelioma .
built by bethlehem fairfield shipyards inc . , baltimore , maryland | ex - richard bassett , standard ship type liberty ec2 - s - c1 built for united states maritime commission , 1947 purchased renamed carolyn , 1948 to baltimore insular line , 1961 returned to us government , 1962 scrapped at panama city .
the applicable principle is well - illustrated by the decision in american hotels corp . v . commissioner of internal revenue , 134 f . 2d 817 ( 2d cir . 1943 ) . there the taxpayer operated a hotel for a life insurance company under a management contract . it was discovered that the taxpayer ' s resident manager misappropriated $ 42 , 000 for which he could not make current restitution . the insurance company called on the taxpayer to make good the loss . because maintenance of the insurance company ' s goodwill was vital , the taxpayer was prepared to do whatever was necessary to resolve the matter in a manner satisfactory to its landlord . it kept this decision to itself , however , and in december 1937 , offered the insurance company $ 4 , 200 ( 10 percent of the loss ) in full settlement of the entire matter . this offer was rejected and in april 1938 , the parties concluded a settlement for $ 25 , 000 . the taxpayer claimed a $ 25 , 000 deduction on its 1937 return which the commissioner of internal revenue disallowed on the ground that the expense had not been incurred in that year . the tax court upheld the commissioner ' s view . in affirming , the second circuit said ( 134 f . 2d at 819 ) :
if you live in the state of maryland and have worked there for significant amount of time , there is a chance that you were exposed to asbestos in the workplace . prolonged exposure to asbestos can lead to serious health problems including mesothelioma , asbestos - related lung cancer and other non - malignant lung impairments .
beyond the major cities and towns in maryland , asbestos exposure has also occurred at a number of other job sites . select a town to see the list of its work sites where asbestos exposure occurred . asbestos exposure at any one of the sites revealed could put a worker at risk to develop pleural mesothelioma .
the now - decrepit new bedford , shown here in late 2009 , lies keeled over in the mud at donjon marine company on staten island . it served overseas in world war ii as a hospital ship and troop carrier , along with the 1929 naushon , below , which later became the excursion boat john a . meseck .
built by moore drydock co . , oakland , california | ex - pampero , standard ship type c2 - s - b1 built for united states maritime commission , ex - agwiking 1947 , ex - siboney 1950 , ex - plandome 1954 , 1954 purchased from new york & cuba mail ss co . renamed emilia , 1963 sold renamed taddei village , 15th march 1964 grounded and scrapped .
built by moore drydock co . , oakland , california | ex - sovereign of the seas , standard ship type c2 - s - b1 built for united states maritime commission , ex - agwidale 1948 , ex - oriente 1950 , ex - short hills 1954 , 1955 purchased from new york & cuba mail ss co . renamed jean , 1964 sold renamed oceanic tide , march 1969 scrapped at kaohsiung .
built by bethlehem fairfield shipyards inc . , baltimore , maryland | ex - william rawle , standard ship type liberty ec2 - s - c1 built for united states maritime commission , 1947 purchased renamed arlyn , 6th june 1958 aground silver bank , dominican republic , refloated and returned to san juan but ctl and scrapped san juan .
built by bethlehem fairfield shipyards inc . , baltimore , maryland | ex - morris hillquit , standard ship type liberty ec2 - s - c1 built for united states maritime commission , 1947 purchased renamed hilton , 1963 sold to jayanti shipping co . , bombay & london , indian flag renamed govind jayanti , 1966 scrapped at hamburg .
built by american international shipbuilding corp . , hog island , pennsylvania | laid down as cassimir but completed as cody for united states shipping board , 1925 taken over with tampa interocean lines by lykes , 1933 transferred to lykes brothers steamship company , 1939 purchased renamed mary , 3rd march 1942 torpedoed and sunk by german submarine u . 129 near georgetown .
whether you are looking for help with getting an accurate diagnosis or you are looking for help developing a treatment plan , the following mesothelioma cancer centers in maryland have the resources to assist you . click on a cancer center link for more information about the clinical programs offered , affiliated mesothelioma doctors and how to contact the cancer center .
in addition to the described coverage respecting property damage to the drydock itself , the particular hull policies here involved contained a provision unique to this type coverage — a third - party liability feature embodied in a so - called protection and indemnity [ p & i ; ] clause . see finding 7 , infra . whether , in the event that a $ 1 , 500 , 000 constructive total loss had been claimed and allowed , the coverage afforded by the p & i ; clause would have reimbursed plaintiff for the cost of removing the drydock wreckage from its premises was never determined . though there was not unanimity , either way , on the question among the underwriters , plaintiff always assumed that a clause dealing with liability to third parties would not cover removal costs of wreckage located on the insured ' s own property .
built by superior shipbuilding company , superior | ex - lake agomac built for united states shipping board , ex - betty weems 1924 , 1931 purchased from baltimore & carolina s . s . co . inc . , baltimore renamed betty , 14th august 1940 torpedoed and sunk by german submarine u . 59 near tory island with the loss of 30 lives .
“it’s easy to see the importance of the ships that we see on the news , ” said eric wertheim , an analyst at the u . s . naval institute in annapolis , maryland . “but the things that keep those ships operational — the shipyards — are what make it possible for us to have a truly world - class navy . ”
built by bethlehem steel co . , sparrow’s point , maryland | launched as war dolphin but completed as cape henry for united states shipping board , 1929 purchased renamed dorothy , 1st september 1929 sunk in collision off smith’s point . ( miramar says ; 1952 sold to b . haniotis renamed carmen , 1953 sold renamed elaine , 1953 scrapped at baltimore ) .
built by bethlehem fairfield shipyards inc . , baltimore , maryland | ex - henry l . benning standard ship type liberty ec2 - s - c1 built for united states maritime commission , 1947 purchased renamed dorothy , 1961 renamed emma , 1963 sold to jayanti shipping co . , bombay & london , indian flag renamed nanak jayanti , 1967 scrapped at bombay .
built by bethlehem sb corp , quincy massachusetts | ex - boriquen 1949 purchased from new york & porto rico steamship company renamed puerto rico , 1954 sold to arosa line renamed arosa star , 1959 sold to eastern steamship renamed bahama star , 1969 sold to western steamship co . renamed la jenelle , 13th april 1970 destroyed while under tow on her way to being converted into a floating hotel .
tuzla gemi shipyard ( tuzla , istanbul ) . tuzla gemi end . ( tge ) belongs to gemak group of companies which is the largest shiprepair & conversion & shipbuilding group in turkey . tge shipyard has the 2nd largest shipbuilding drydock in the country , with the dimensions of 300 x 53 . 5 meters ( length x width ) , serviced by 2 gantry cranes with the lifting capacity of , respectively , 300 and 250 tons , tandem working 500 tons .
built by sun shipbuilding & drydock co . , chester , penn . | ex - marine fox , type c4 - s - b2 built for united states maritime commission completed as a troop transport for operation by the wsa , 1961 sold to a . h . bull renamed dorothy , 1962 partially converted into a container ship renamed mobile , 1964 sold to sealand services inc . renamed seattle , 1969 converted into a container ship and renamed pittsburgh 11 , 449gt , 1988 scrapped at kaohsiung .
the uncontradicted evidence in this case shows that in late december 1960 , the plaintiff , through its london insurance broker , unsuccessfully attempted to secure an unconditional agreement from the insurers to adjust the drydock loss under the srl policies , first giving effect to the $ 1 , 500 , 000 valued coverage of the hull policies . the insurers specifically refused to agree to
pay
under this adjustment format , being willing only to say that they would
consider
such an approach . ( finding 32 , infra ) . this express equivocation by the insurers conclusively deprives the hull policy proceeds of the fixed and autonomous status essential to accrual . in short , even though all facts known in 1960 pointed to the likelihood that plaintiff would eventually recover the amount of the hull proceeds for its drydock loss , accrual at that time would have been premature because the insurer - obligors refused in good faith to denominate the amount of such proceeds as a floor figure within the context of the claim at large .
metal shark operates two separate facilities on the louisiana gulf coast . passenger vessel assembly takes place at the company’s franklin , la shipyard , which is a 25 - acre waterfront facility capable of supporting the production of aluminum , steel , and composite vessels up to 250’ in length . currently , the facility boasts a 60 , 000 square foot assembly building with four assembly bays each equipped with overhead crane , with a substantial expansion project currently underway . the yard is also equipped with onsite engineering offices , wet slips , marine transporter , crane in / crane out capabilities , and ample drydock / outdoor storage capacity . situated on the charenton canal , metal shark’s franklin yard offers direct unobstructed deep water access to the gulf of mexico . the yard is located immediately off highway 90 for easy over - the - road transport of large components , and the site plan offers ample room for future growth . learn more about metal shark’s franklin shipyard .
built by bethlehem steel co . , sparrow’s point , maryland | launched as war mercury but completed as cape romain for united states shipping board , 1929 purchased renamed emilia , 1951 sold to brasile shipping co . , honduras renamed isabel , 1953 sold to cia comercial y financiera sudamericana , panama renamed rosalind , 1956 to overseas enterprise inc . , panama , 3rd . february 1956 foundered in bad weather at 33 . 21n 27 . 50e .
as will be seen , the accident permanently disabled drydock # 1 . accordingly , plaintiff received the $ 300 , 000 referred to in the policy language quoted above . for federal tax purposes , it declared this sum on its 1960 return as gain resulting from an involuntary conversion under section 1231 of the internal revenue code of 1954 . the commissioner of internal revenue disallowed this treatment , contending that the $ 300 , 000 was taxable as ordinary income to plaintiff . unreconciled disagreement as to this item represents one of the two issues presented for decision .
in may of 1961 , plaintiff received a lump - sum payment of $ 3 , 000 , 000 from the underwriters in final settlement of its rights under the property damage coverage on drydock # 1 pertaining to the october 1960 accident . plaintiff declared the gain resulting from this involuntary conversion on its 1961 return , and the internal revenue service took the position that the entire payment had accrued to plaintiff for federal tax purposes in 1960 and was therefore reportable in that year . a deficiency was assessed and issue was thus joined on the remaining issue in this case , i . e . , whether any part 2 of the $ 3 , 000 , 000 payment was properly accruable in 1960 .
built by bethlehem - fairfield shipyards inc . , baltimore , maryland | ex - thaddeus kosciuszko , standard ship type liberty ec2 - s - c1 built for united states maritime commission , 1947 purchased renamed marina , 1954 sold to isla colon cia . nav . , panama renamed acritas , 10th mary 1956 aground cape verde islands , refloated but ctl . towed to lubeck and repaired , 1956 sold to elias cia . mar . , panama renamed elias , 1964 renamed georges , 20th september 1962 aground north russia at 69 . 52n 61 . 10e , broke up .
archibald h . bull was the founder of the british - flagged new york and porto rico steamship co . in 1885 , which succeeded an earlier line of sailing packets on the same route that he had established in 1873 . in 1900 , his stake in the company was bought out by his partners in a hostile takeover , and bull was forced to give up running steamers to puerto rico for 10 years . in 1902 he set up the bull line to serve the us atlantic coastwise trade and operate sailing vessels to puerto rico and by 1917 when the united states entered the war , fifteen ships had been acquired or built for the fleet . in 1914 , a . h . bull bought the insular line , which had been established in 1904 as a successor to his old company , and renamed it the baltimore insular line . after the armistice , services were inaugurated to the eastern mediterranean and black sea and to the azores , canary islands and west africa . these were abandoned in 1924 and a new service inaugurated to south and east africa , but again , in 1927 the service was ended and the fleet concentrated on the atlantic coastal service and sailings to the west indies .
built by bethlehem fairfield shipyards inc . , baltimore , maryland | ex - tristram dalton , standard ship type liberty ec2 - s - c1 built for united states maritime commission , 1947 purchased renamed rosario , 1954 sold to isla colon cia . nav . , panama , liberian flag ( orion shipping & trading . co . , ny ) renamed achileus , 1957 renamed andros laurel , 1957 to jackson ss co . , liberian flag ( suwannee ss co . , jacksonville , florida ) , 1963 sold to faith nav . corp . , liberian flag ( sea king corp , ny ) renamed grand faith , 1968 scrapped at taiwan .
this clause in the srl policies , coupled with the factual aspects of liability and damage questions developed early in the accident investigation , is the mainspring of the government ' s contention that as of december 31 , 1960 , plaintiff had to accrue $ 1 , 500 , 000 of its $ 3 , 000 , 000 1961 insurance recovery . simpliciter , the argument is that the quoted language denominates the unvalued srl coverage as excess to that of the valued hull policies ; that the insured was therefore compelled to first exhaust its recovery rights under the hull policies ; and that on the facts extant as of december 31 , 1960 , there is no question but that the underwriters would have declared drydock # 1 a constructive total loss under the hull policies and paid plaintiff the valued sum of $ 1 , 500 , 000 .
the martha’s vineyard had ended regular service for the steamship authority in october 1956 and three years later was sold to rhode island steamship lines , which made the steam - to - diesel conversion . after summers of intermittent use in massachusetts waters , the boat was chartered in 1968 and later purchased by the bridgeport & port jefferson steamboat company . it remained in service between those port cities until 1985 , at which point a preservation group called friends of nobska tried to purchase it . ( the friends originally hoped to restore and convert the nobska to a working steam ferry and museum , but since it was not for sale at the time , they turned their attention to its sister boat , the martha’s vineyard . )
further purchases of war built standard ships were made in 1949 with the c2 agwicomet ( ex carrier dove ) and the c1 - m - av1 type ship cinch knot and in 1951 with two more dry cargo liberty ships . in 1954 two more c2 ' s were acquired from the new york & cuba mail ss co . bull ' s heirs eventually failed to see the wave of containerization coming , and sold out in 1957 to the american coal & shipping inc . , and then , in 1961 , under kulukundis maritime industries inc . , of manuel k . kulukundis , the sale involving eight c2 and seven liberty ships , these greece companies went bankrupt around 1963 and by 1965 the company ceased to own any vessels .
after retirement by the steamship authority – as the last steam - powered ferry in regular service in north america – the naushon was acquired by joseph g . pallotta jr . for his bay state cruises . he intended to use the boat , probably dieselized , as a floating restaurant and dance hall in boston harbor , but the naushon sailed there only once . pallotta soon recognized the impracticality of his plan , so in march 1989 the boat got a new owner and headed south to bender shipbuilding and repair company in mobile , alabama , for conversion to a floating casino and nightclub . it emerged as the cotton club casino , with a boxy appendage on the top deck and a new , pointed prow reminiscent of the false nose an actor might wear to play cyrano de bergerac .
between april and june 2017 , metal shark delivered six ( 6 ) 88′ , 150 - pax , passenger vessels to nyc ferry , all on or ahead of schedule , with an industry - best production time of less than ten months per vessel . in september 2017 , metal shark delivered the first two 88′ , 150 - pax passenger vessels of a four - vessel order to the potomac riverboat company division of entertainment cruises . the vessels were handed off to the customer on time . metal shark understands that quality and staying on schedule are both crucial . above all , metal shark believes in accountability to its customers . we invite anyone in the market for a passenger vessel build to reach out to metal shark’s passenger vessel customers and ask them about their experience with us . it’s something we’re proud of !
the factual flaw in the government ' s theory of mandatory 1960 accrual of potential though unclaimed hull policy proceeds , lies in the erroneous assumption that , without more , the case for such accrual is established once it is found , as it is herein , 5 that within the year 1960 the insurers would have accepted plaintiff ' s claim for a constructive total loss and paid it $ 1 , 500 , 000 . the theory fails because it is equally clear from the record , essentially undisputed by the government , and so found , 6 that within 1960 the insurers would only have unequivocally agreed to pay the valued sum of $ 1 , 500 , 000 if plaintiff had reciprocally agreed , generally , to accept that amount in total settlement of its drydock property damage claim and , specifically , to forego the right to assert any further claim in respect thereto under the srl policies . the attachment of such a condition to a willingness to pay prevents the recipient ' s accrual of the amount involved .
known . i traveled to rossville , staten island , on the arthur kill , a stretch of water that separates staten island from new jersey . there , among a veritable fleet of derelict vessels at witte marine scrap yard , now donjon marine ( the company that will “recycle” the islander ) , i found the new bedford , sandwiched between a barge and a double - ended ferry . i’d come when the tide was low , and i tramped through marsh grass littered with flotsam and jetsam to the edge of the arthur kill’s flats , fresh and strong smelling , a rank yet pleasing aroma that spoke of the water’s edge . mired in mud , the corpse of the new bedford was easy to spot . this once elegant steamer – its superstructure and tall stack all red - brown with rust and listing dramatically – was an unmistakable ghost from steamboating’s past .
the nantucket , renamed naushon in 1974 to clear its original name for a new ferry , was an anachronism from the very first . delivered by j . j . mathis shipbuilding company of camden , new jersey , for nantucket ferry service in 1957 , it was a steamboat well into the age of diesels . even the steamship authority itself had designed and built a diesel vessel , the islander , seven years earlier . especially at first , it was not universally loved . compared to the martha’s vineyard , which it replaced , this nantucket was bulky , a bit ungainly , with a bulging prow and unconventional stern designed to allow run - through loading and unloading of trucks and cars . unfortunately , the boat’s sheer – the upward sweep of deck , traditionally a mark of maritime elegance – made this unworkable , and the bow sea gate was never used .
new island . early in 2009 , hopes for the islander’s return to service were dashed and a wealth of recriminations ensued . engineers were able to give the boat the kind of inspection that ( according to gipec ) time pressure had prohibited before the initial auction . they found it in poor condition and in need of more than $ 7 million in repairs . gipec admitted that the purchase had been a bad idea , and in february 2009 offered the boat for sale on ebay . the winning bid – from donald slovak , an upstate new york scrap collector – was $ 23 , 600 . the boat remained for a time at yankee pier , as the governors island agency at first wouldn’t release it , claiming the purchaser lacked proper insurance . earlier this year , however , it was purchased by donjon marine company , headquartered in new jersey , and moved to port newark for scrapping .
the schamonchi , built in maine , had a decades - long and successful history plying the waters between new bedford and the vineyard for a privately owned company . in 2001 , the steamship authority purchased this bare - bones , passenger - only boat and operated it – at significant losses – through the 2003 summer season . in 2005 , after two years in lay - up , it was sold for $ 105 , 000 ( a fraction of what the steamship authority had paid to buy it and docking rights in new bedford ) to caribbean shipping and marine services of flushing , new york , and headed for new york harbor . the new owner’s plans were to convert the schamonchi into a party boat – an all - too - familiar and typically doomed plan but in new york , sans gambling , particularly hopeless . two years later , it was listed on urltoken and sold to a new owner .
in july 2016 , metal shark was selected by hny ferry fleet , llc ( a hornblower company ) to build 88′ , incat crowther - designed , 150 - passenger high - speed ferries for its new nyc ferry service . by incorporating the same serialized building processes honed on its military fleet builds , metal shark built and delivered the entire six - vessel order in record time . with less than ten months’ time from project start to the delivery of the first vessel , metal shark delivered all six ferries on or ahead of schedule , between april and june , 2017 . nyc ferry officially launched on may 1 , 2017 , with metal shark - built h 102 given the honors of ferrying the first load of customers on the new service’s inaugural revenue trip . metal shark is proud to count hny ferry fleet , hornblower , and nyc ferry among its growing list of satisfied customers . in september 2017 , a second order of nyc ferries was announced .
on the date of the accident maryland had two sets of insurance policies in effect , shiprepairers liability policies , ( hereafter referred to as
srl
policies ) and hull policies , issued by lloyd ' s of london and by the institute of london underwriters . there was a hull policy issued by lloyd ' s and a hull policy issued by the institute ; there were two srl policies issued by lloyd ' s ( one primary coverage and one excess coverage ) and two srl policies issued by the institute . the total srl coverage here was $ 8 , 000 , 000 ( $ 2 , 000 , 000 primary coverage and $ 6 , 000 , 000 excess ) . the lloyd ' s syndicates , the companies , and the percentage of risk underwritten by each were the same on the hull policies as on the srl policies ; the risk apportionment being approximately 70 percent with lloyd ' s and 30 percent with the companies .
best - known for the vessel fleets it produces for the u . s . armed forces and allies around the globe , metal shark has expanded its focus to include custom built passenger ferries and excursion vessels up to 250’ in length . with its vast engineering capability , mil - spec build processes , and considerable economies of scale , metal shark delivers precision vessels within tight production timeframes that few if any specialty yards can match . metal shark has now proven itself as a leading passenger vessel builder with a highly publicized track record of on - time deliveries . between april and june of 2017 , metal shark delivered six 88′ , 150 - passenger high speed ferries for the nyc ferry system , with an unprecedented build time of less than ten months from start to finish . metal shark was also awarded contracts to produce four 88′ , 150 - passenger vessels for the potomac riverboat company division of entertainment cruises , and two 105′ passenger ferries for the new orleans regional transit authority . the first two potomac water taxis were completed within an amazingly tight timeframe of approximately six months ! additional vessels are currently in production and delivering in 2017 and 2018 . still , ferry builds represent only part of metal shark’s passenger vessel success story . from whale - watching vessels to dinner boats , head boats , water taxis and more , metal shark is actively engaged with passenger vessel operators across a wide range of specialty markets .
this case was referred to trial commissioner george willi with directions to make findings of fact and recommendation for conclusion of law under the order of reference and rule 57 ( a ) . the commissioner has done so in an opinion and report filed on november 26 , 1968 . exceptions to the commissioner ' s opinion were filed by the parties on january 9 , 1969 ; however , on february 17 , 1969 , the parties filed a stipulation wherein they withdrew their respective notices of intention to except to the commissioner ' s opinion and report and further stipulated that the court may adopt the opinion , findings of fact and recommended conclusion of law contained in the commissioner ' s said report and enter judgment based thereon . further , plaintiff has agreed that it will withdraw or take no further action on its protective alternative refund claims , form 843 , for the years 1958 and 1961 , which were filed with the district director of internal revenue , baltimore , maryland , on or about march 12 , 1965 . since the court agrees with the commissioner ' s opinion , findings , and recommended conclusion of law , as hereinafter set forth , it hereby adopts the same as the basis for its judgment in this case without oral argument . therefore , plaintiff is entitled to recover and judgment is entered for plaintiff with the amount of recovery to be determined pursuant to rule 47 ( c ) .
we will always maintain our founding commitment to customer satisfaction and the delivery of an educational product with an enjoyable shopping experience . please let us know how we may be of service to you .
all old stock and bond certificates are actual authentic certificates and are sold only as collectibles .
we do not sell reproductions and offer a lifetime guarantee to the authenticity of everything we sell .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en
ruehauf corp . bought it in 1968 and closed it in 1984 : it ' s been a car terminal ever since . the yard was located in the fairfield section of baltimore , immediately to the west of childs street , adjoining the site that would become the huge bethlehem - fairfield yard in wwii . see it from the air on google
ex - louis mch . howe with new forebody ( ingalls hull 569 ) , completed by amship chicago
ex - scott e . land with new forebody ( ingalls hull 571 ) , completed by amship chicago , later thomas f . patton
ex - general w . c . langfitt with new 110 ' midbody fabricated by wiley manufacturing
ex - general w . g . hann with new 110 ' midbody fabricated by wiley manufacturing
ex - general j . h . mcrae with new 110 ' midbody fabricated by wiley manufacturing
ex - general william h . hase with new 110 ' midbody fabricated by wiley manufacturing
for inquiries related to this message please contact support . for sales inquiries , please visit urltoken
if you believe this to be in error , please confirm below that you are not a robot by clicking
i ' m not a robot
below .
please make sure your browser supports javascript and cookies and that you are not blocking them from loading . for more information you can review the terms of service and cookie policy .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
industrial union of marine and shipbuilding workers of america baltimore , local no . 301
© 2010 oclc online computer library center , inc . worldcat identities is covered by the oclc researchworks terms and conditions oclc 6565 kilgour place , dublin oh usa 43017
search in all text fields search the subject fields search the creator / name fields search the title fields search the number fields match all words match any words match exact phrase include variants no variants results per page : records .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 3 . 2 / / en
u . s . court of claims ( 1855 - 1982 ) - 409 f . 2d 1363 ( ct . cl . 1969 )
numa l . smith , jr . , washington , d . c . , attorney of record , for plaintiff . david r . owen , baltimore , md . , clarence t . kipps , jr . , miller & chevalier , washington , d . c . , and george d . hubbard , semmes , bowen & semmes , baltimore , md . , of counsel .
edna g . parker , washington , d . c . , with whom was asst . atty . , gen . , johnnie m . walters , for defendant .
before cowen , chief judge , and laramore , durfee , davis , collins , skelton and nichols , judges .
this tax refund suit for 1960 presents two issues , both concerned with the tax treatment to be accorded certain insurance proceeds that the plaintiff received on account of an accident that occurred in its baltimore shipyard . the factual details surrounding this occurrence and its aftermath are set forth at length in the findings of fact accompanying this opinion . only those facts central to the decision reached will be restated here .
plaintiff , an accrual - basis taxpayer , operates a shipbuilding and ship repair business that utilizes piers , buildings , cranes , and four floating drydocks .
if in consequence of an accident or occurrence which would be covered under section b of this policy [ section b — docks ] * * * the dry docks are prevented from operating , this section is to indemnify the assured for a complete stoppage $ 5 , 000 per day , or proportionately for a partial stoppage , in excess of the first five ( 5 ) days , for the period any dry dock is so prevented from operating but for not exceeding sixty ( 60 ) days ( irrespective of the expiry date of this insurance ) in respect of any one accident or occurrence .
it is hereby agreed that the sum of $ 300 , 000 ( three hundred thousand united states dollars ) is agreed by the underwriters and the assured as correctly representing the loss of earnings in respect of each dry dock which the assured would sustain if they were entirely prevented from operating any one of the said dry docks during a period of sixty ( 60 ) days .


the highest peak in the range is peak pobeda , which is 3,003 meters tall .

the chersky mountains , along with the neighboring verkhoyansk range , have a moderate effect on the climate of siberia .

the ridges obstruct west-moving air flows , decreasing the amount of snowfall in the plains to the west .

at some time between 1633 and 1642 poznik ivanov ascended a tributary of the lower lena , crossed the verkhoyansk range to the upper yana and then crossed the chersky range to the indigirka .

the range was sighted in 1926 by sergei obruchev ( vladimir obruchev 's son ) and named by the russian geographical society after the polish explorer and geographer ivan chersky ( or jan czerski ) .

chersky range

chersky range map , chersky range topography , chersky range elevation , chersky range relief , russia , sakha republic , oymyakonsky district , natural feature .
the chersky range is within the saha republic which does list hydroxylborite . this is the tl .
photo : © norman king . hydroxylborite from chersky range , sakha republic , eastern - siberian region , russia
towards the chersky mountain range of eastern siberia ( russia ) , as seen at right . from the chersky range , the north american plate boundary continues along the oceanic , divergent gakkel ridge , which becomes the mid - atlantic ridge ( steblov , 2003 ) .
…of the lena , and the chersky range , which reaches a maximum elevation of 10 , 325 feet ( 3 , 147 metres ) . north of this system the low - lying , swampy kolyma lowland fronts the arctic ocean , extending for some 460 miles ( 740 km ) to the chersky range . …
( e . g . , mount pobeda [ victory ] , 10 , 325 feet [ 3 , 147 metres ] ) . the upper courses of the kolyma and indigirka rivers flow along narrow valleys between the ranges , cutting through them in majestic gorges . the southern part of the chersky range is a series of plateaus separated by depressions .
the chersky seismic belt ( ne - russia ) forms the modern plate boundary of the eurasian−north american continental plate . the geodynamic evolution of this continent−continent setting is highly complex and remains a matter of debate , as the extent and influence of the mid - arctic ocean spreading center on the north asian continent since the eocene remains unclear . the progression from a tensional stress regime to a modern day transpressional one in the chersky seismic belt , makes the understanding even more complicated . the alkaline volcanism that has erupted along the chersky range from eocene through to the recent can provide constraints on the geodynamic evolution of this continental boundary , however , the source and petrogenetic evolution of these volcanic rocks and their initiating mechanisms are poorly understood .
…sayan mountains , the stanovoy and chersky ranges , and the marginal ranges of the west asian highlands were deeply cut by the rivers , which created deep superimposed gorges and canyons . …
plate interactions in northeastern russia have been studied using seismological and structural field investigations ; however , tectonic interpretations in the region remain widely debated and unknown . the chersky fold and thrust belt in northeastern russia is situated on the western margin of the north american plate adjacent to the indigirka - zyryanka foreland . within it lies the moma basin system , often interpreted as a continental rift environment , and the moma range , a topographically elevated antiformal structure . we apply fluvial geomorphological techniques , specifically longitudinal stream profile analyses , to rivers that dissect the internal regions of the chersky fold and thrust belt and proximal regions of the adjacent foreland . the major river draining the central chersky region , the indigirka , increases its sinuosity as it cuts through the moma range , which may be an indication of active fold growth . the rivers draining the northern slope of the moma range form a linear pattern of transient knickpoints near the myatis thrust , and this along with a trend of minor seismic events in the region suggests that the myatis is acting as a frontal thrust sheet . our study supports the idea of compression along the north american - eurasian plate boundary , and that the moma basin system may be an actively forming wedge top basin with fold and thrust growth to the north in the moma range .
the chersky range is a chain of mountains in northeastern siberia between the yana river and the indigirka river . it generally runs from northwest to southeast through the sakha republic and magadan oblast . the highest peak in the range is peak pobeda , which is 3 , 003 meters tall . the range lies on the boundary between the eurasian and north american tectonic plates . - - - image - copyright - and - permission - - - about the author ( s ) : michiel1972 , using demis maps license : public domain author ( s ) : michiel1972 ( urltoken ) - - - image - copyright - and - permission - - - this channel is dedicated to make wikipedia , one of the biggest knowledge databases in the world available to people with limited vision . article available under a creative commons license image source in video
a scenario of major plates ( eur : eurasia , nam : north america ; pac : pacific ) and microplates ( amu : amurian , okh : okhotsk ) investigated in this work . gps observations confirmed that siberia to the east of the chersky range belongs to the north american tectonic plate . existence of the microplates was not confirmed . the pole of relative rotation of eur and nam determined from gps ( blue circle ) differs from the geologically determined pole ( green circle ) , probably because of reorganization of the plate motion within the last 3 million years . the recent large hokkaido earthquake ( red star ) illustrates the fact that the seismic activity is associated with plate boundaries .
we studied basanites of the central chersky belt , which are thought to represent the first alkaline volcanic activity in the area , after initial opening of the arctic ocean basin . we present mineral and bulk rock geochemical data as well as sr–nd–pb–hf isotopes of the alkaline suite of rocks combined with new precise k–ar and 40 ar / 39 ar dating , and discuss an integrated tectono - magmatic model for the chersky belt . our findings show that the basanites were generated from a homogeneous asthenospheric mantle reservoir with an em - 1 isotopic flavor , under relatively ‘dry’ conditions at segregation depths around 110 km and temperatures of ~ 1500 °c . trace element and isotope systematics combined with mantle potential temperature estimates offer no confirmation of magmatism related to subduction or plume activity . mineral geochemical and petrographical observations together with bulk geochemical evidence indicate a rapid ascent of melts and high cooling rates after emplacement in the continental crust . our preferred model is that volcanism was triggered by extension and thinning of the lithosphere combined with adiabatic upwelling of the underlying mantle at 37 ma . this suggests that at that time , rift tectonics in the mid - arctic ocean most likely had also affected the north - asian continent , causing volcanic activity in the chersky belt , before the regional geodynamic regime changed from a tensional to compressional . our conclusions contribute not only to the understanding of volcanism in the chersky seismic belt ( ne - russia ) but also to general aspects of plate dynamics between the eurasian and north american continent .
within the bounds of the north american plate lie several remarkable geological subprovinces . the shallow dip of the kula plate subducting beneath the west coast of north america during the laramide orogeny generated the rocky mountains far inland . ( marshak 2008 ) the basin and range province in southwestern united states represents an area of thinned and stretched continental crust . tertiary highlands underwent widespread normal faulting , creating horst mountains and graben valleys . the basin and range is believed to have formed from back - arc spreading , plume induced spreading , or from movements along the san andreas fault . ( wicander 2004 ) the appalachians and ouchita mountains of the east coast are what remain of a series of mountain building events that began in the early paleozoic . collisions with other major plates and microplates uplifted the mountains to heights comparable to the present - day himalayas . ( wicander 2004 )
from 1996 to 2002 , the team of scientists measured the position of more than 50 points throughout the region . by looking for very small changes in relation to one another and to the stable interior of both plates , the team was able to determine that the boundary of the eurasian and north american plates passes through the cherskiy range in eastern siberia . in addition , they calculated the relative rates of rotation of the eurasian , north american and pacific plates and found that they differ by five to seven percent from the geologic plate model .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
two columbia university researchers , in collaboration with scientists in russia and the u . s . , recently resolved a decades - old debate when they discovered that the boundary between the north american and eurasian tectonic plates passes through eastern siberia . the study carried out by mikhail kogan and christopher scholz at columbia ' s lamont - doherty earth observatory , grigory steblov and dmitry frolov of the russian academy of sciences , robert king at the massachusetts institute of technology and roland bürgmann of the university of california , berkeley appeared in a recent issue of geophysical research letters . in addition to pinpointing the location of the boundary , their work used the satellite - based global position system ( gps ) to determine the relative motion of three of the major tectonic plates that make up the earth ' s crust .
about 99 percent of earthquakes occur at the faults between plates such as the san andreas fault in california , which marks the boundary between the pacific and north american plates . geophysicists generally use concentrated belts of seismic activity to pinpoint the exact location of boundaries , but some are notoriously diffuse . the junction between eurasian and north american plates , which together comprise most of the northern hemisphere , is not only poorly defined seismically , but it passes through a sparsely populated , arctic region of eastern siberia where there is very little in the way of seismic detection equipment . as a result , the precise location of the boundary has been unverified since the theory of plate tectonics was widely accepted in the late 1960s .
by using gps data instead of the geologic record , the researchers also hoped to discern the actual movement of the plates relative to one another . geophysicists have for years relied on the so - called geologic plate model to calculate the motion of plates . the model uses geologic data such as anomalies in the record of the earth ' s magnetic field over the past three million years to estimate the present rate and direction of tectonic plates .
their research was supported by grants from the national science foundation , nasa ' s jet propulsion laboratory and the incorporated research institutions for seismology .
the lamont - doherty earth observatory , a member of the earth institute at columbia university , is one of the world ' s leading research centers examining the planet from its core to its atmosphere , across every continent and every ocean . from global climate change to earthquakes , volcanoes , environmental hazards and beyond , observatory scientists provide the basic knowledge of earth systems needed to inform the future health and habitability of our planet . for more information , visit urltoken .
the earth institute at columbia university is among the world’s leading academic centers for the integrated study of earth , its environment , and society . the earth institute builds upon excellence in the core disciplines—earth sciences , biological sciences , engineering sciences , social sciences and health sciences—and stresses cross - disciplinary approaches to complex problems . through its research , training and global partnerships , it mobilizes science and technology to advance sustainable development , while placing special emphasis on the needs of the world’s poor .
sakha , republic in far northeastern russia , in northeastern siberia . the republic occupies the basins of the great rivers flowing to the arctic ocean—the lena , yana , indigirka , and kolyma—and includes the new siberian islands between the laptev and east siberian seas . sakha…
magadan , oblast ( region ) , northeastern siberia , far eastern russia . magadan oblast is bordered by the sea of okhotsk to the east and southeast and by the chukchi autonomous okrug to the north , khabarovsk kray ( territory ) to the southwest , and sakha republic to the west . most of the oblast is rugged and…
asia , the world’s largest and most diverse continent . it occupies the eastern four - fifths of the giant eurasian landmass . asia is more a geographic term than a homogeneous continent , and the use of the term to describe such a vast area always carries the potential of obscuring the enormous…
we welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles . you can make it easier for us to review and , hopefully , publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind .
encyclopædia britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience .
you may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered .
at the bottom of the article , feel free to list any sources that support your changes , so that we can fully understand their context . ( internet urls are the best . )
your contribution may be further edited by our staff , and its publication is subject to our final approval . unfortunately , our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions .
our editors will review what you ' ve submitted , and if it meets our criteria , we ' ll add it to the article .
please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors , and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed .
greenland , the world’s largest island , lying in the north atlantic ocean . greenland is noted for its…
hawaii , constituent state of the united states of america . hawaii ( hawaiian : hawai‘i ) became the 50th…
corrections ? updates ? omissions ? let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) .
if you prefer to suggest your own revision of the article , you can go to edit mode ( requires login ) .
our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article .
english turkish online dictionary tureng , where you can search in more than 2 million words in categories and different pronunciation options .
javascript is disabled on your browser . please enable javascript to use all the features on this page .
copyright © 2018 elsevier b . v . or its licensors or contributors . sciencedirect ® is a registered trademark of elsevier b . v .
urgent message : time is running out . click here to find out why .
palache , c . , berman , h . , & frondel , c . ( 1951 ) , the system of mineralogy of james dwight dana and edward salisbury dana , yale university 1837 - 1892 , volume ii : 323 .
urltoken is an outreach project of the hudson institute of mineralogy , a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) not - for - profit organization .
copyright © urltoken and the hudson institute of mineralogy 1993 - 2018 , except where stated . urltoken relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters .
in order to access this website , please configure your browser to support cookies .
877 . 705 . 1878 ( toll - free , u . s . & canada ) 773 . 753 . 3347 ( international )
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
copyright © 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved
enter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user
the north american tectonic plate , shown above , encompasses the majority of the surface area of north america , as well as greenland , the northern caribbean , and parts of siberia ( russia ) , iceland , and the azores ( portugal ) . ( dutch , 2009 ) the large plates with which it is in contact are the eurasian , african ,
plates ; as the number of neighbouring plates suggests , the north american plate is rife with tectonic activity .
the north american plate’s interactions with other plates generate various geologic features on its surface , from mountain belts to faults . a few noteworthy examples are detailed below . for a complete map of tectonic plate boundaries and their velocities of activity , as well as of seafloor age , follow this link : urltoken you can use it to follow along the plate boundaries as they’re described below . to the east , the north american plate shares the mid - atlantic ridge with the eurasian plate . this divergent margin , offset throughout by transform faults , began spreading approximately 180 ma ago , opening the north atlantic ocean ( kearey , 2009 ) . evidence of mesozoic juvenile crust formation in new england can be correlated with the event ( mchone , 1984 ) . below , a video shows the simulation of a spreading ridge like the mid - atlantic ridge with wax .
along the western border of the north american plate in a dextral transform fault lies the pacific plate ( nicholson , 1994 ) . their contact is broken by several plates and microplates :
, these plates are what remain on the earth’s surface of the farallon plate , a section of basaltic oceanic lithosphere that has almost fully subducted beneath the plates composing north , central and south america ( pavlis , 2012 ) .
the san andreas transform boundary between the pacific and north american plate originates from the shallow , oblique subduction by the north american plate of the monterey microplate ( a fragment of the farallon plate sharing a spreading ridge with the pacific plate ) ( nicholson , 1994 ) . by 20 ma , the monterey - pacific ridge stopped spreading and monterey accreted to the pacific plate . as a result , the pacific plate’s motion with respect to the north american rotated , transforming a network of shallow faults into dextral transform faults ( san andreas ) ( nicholson , 1994 ) . the rotation from 24 ma to 0 ma is represented in the figure below , where mtp is the monterey plate . the faults cut through california land ; as a result , the pacific plate’s annual motion 6 cm north with respect to the north american plate in the area is actively splitting the state ( marshak , 2008 ; atwater , 1970 ) .
extends north of cascadia up to alaska ( united states ) ( rohr , 2000 ) . it connects to the aleutian trench , a subduction zone , which runs south of alaska into the northern margin of the
during the paleogene , greenland sat on a separate plate from the north american plate and they were spread apart . ( oakey 2013 ) however , greenland currently follows the motion of the north american plate , leading to a debate on whether the greenland plate still exists disjointedly . due to lack of evidence , a consensus on the matter has not yet been reached . ( damm 2012 )
atwater , tanya .
implications of plate tectonics for the cenozoic tectonic evolution of western north america .
81 , no . 12 ( 1970 ) : 3513 - 3536 . damm , v . , m . block , k . berglar , a . ehrhardt , i . heyde , m . schnabel , b . schreckenberger , t . altenbernd , and s . suckro .
crustal structure of the west greenland margin in north baffin bay .
in
dutch , steve . “north american plate . ” last modified december 14 , 2009 . urltoken
kearey , philip , keith a . klepeis , and frederick j . vine .
mchone , j . gregory , and j . robert butler .
mesozoic igneous provinces of new england and the opening of the north atlantic ocean .
nicholson , craig , christopher c . sorlien , tanya atwater , john c . crowell , and bruce p . luyendyk .
microplate capture , rotation of the western transverse ranges , and initiation of the san andreas transform as a low - angle fault system .
oakey , gordon n . , and james a . chalmers .
reply to denyszyn and halls ( this volume ) : geological and geophysical observations in the kane basin preclude the presence of a major plate boundary in south‐western nares strait .
journal of geophysical research : solid earth ( 2013 ) .
pavlis , gary l . , karin sigloch , scott burdick , matthew j . fouch , and frank l . vernon .
unraveling the geometry of the farallon plate : synthesis of three - dimensional imaging results from us array .
tectonophysics 532 ( 2012 ) : 82 - 102 .
rohr , kristin mm , maren scheidhauer , and anne m . trehu .
transpression between two warm mafic plates : the queen charlotte fault revisited .
steblov , g . m . , m . g . kogan , r . w . king , c . h . scholz , r . bürgmann , and d . i . frolov .
imprint of the north american plate in siberia revealed by gps .
structural geology rtwh aachen .
endo youtube challenge 2013 mor with wax .
online video clip .