glass , lewis & co. is one of two prominent proxy advisory services in the world , the other being institutional shareholder services ( " iss " ) .

glass lewis provides governance services that support engagement among institutional investors and corporations through its research , proxy vote management and technology platforms .

glass lewis empowers institutional investors that collectively manage $ 20 trillion to make sound voting decisions by uncovering and assessing governance , business , legal , political and accounting risks at issuers domiciled in 100 countries .

founded in 2003 , glass lewis is headquartered in san francisco and has offices in new york , washington dc , ireland , germany and australia .

in september 2006 , glass lewis acquired sydney-based proxy advisory firm corporate governance international , which then became known as cgi glass lewis .

in november 2008 , glass lewis acquired washington analysis , a political and economic advisory firm based in washington , d.c. founded in 1973 and rated among the best analysts of the year by institutional investor magazine , washington analysis anticipates and analyzes the impact of political , legislative and regulatory developments on the financial markets .

the firm ’s senior analysts focus on defense , energy , financial services , healthcare , media and telecommunications , as well as geopolitics and political economics , including fiscal , monetary and trade policy .

in september 2014 , glass lewis acquired meetyl , a technology company that facilitates private , secure , direct engagement between investors and issuers .

founded in 2012 , meetyl ’s web-based platform enables professionals from buy-side firms and public companies to efficiently schedule and manage face-to-face meetings , free from the inefficiencies and conflicts that often emerge when third parties are involved in the process in june 2015 , glass lewis acquired ivox gmbh , germany ’s leading independent provider of proxy advisory and governance services for institutional investors .

glass lewis is owned by the ontario teachers ' pension plan , and the alberta investment management corp .

glass lewis

glass lewis europe limited , cgi glass lewis pty ltd . , meetyl llc , washington analysis llc , ivox glass lewis gmbh .
glassdoor has 54 glass lewis & co reviews submitted anonymously by glass lewis & co employees . read employee reviews and ratings on glassdoor to decide if glass lewis & co is right for you .
copyright 2018 glass , lewis & co . , and / or its affiliates . all rights reserved . glass lewis , viewpoint and proxy paper are registered trademarks of glass , lewis & co . , llc
esg data and analysis to be incorporated into glass lewis ' research and proxy voting solutions .
glass lewis response to u . s . senate banking committee letter , including clarification of business practices
© 2018 glass , lewis & co . , and / or its affiliates . all rights reserved .
on may 9 , 2018 , glass lewis received a letter from members of the u . s . senate banking committee , seeking information regarding glass lewis and the business practices of proxy advisory firms : senate banking committee letter - [ . . . ]
glass , lewis & co . is the second largest proxy advisory firm and is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the ontario teachers’ pension plan board , one of canada’s largest pension systems . according to the mercatus center , glass lewis currently maintains approximately 37 % of the market share for proxy advisory services . glass lewis provides proxy research , an electronic proxy voting platform , analysis of shareholder proposals and engagement support . unlike iss , glass lewis does not provide consulting services to issuers . however , glass lewis has been criticized for a lack of transparency . in 2012 , the firm made certain changes in light of that criticism , including holding meetings with issuers outside of proxy season , and establishing an
issuer engagement portal . glass lewis also announced the beginning of a partnership with equilar . as part of the partnership , glass lewis now incorporates equilar data as the basis for its pay for performance analysis , including equilar’s market - based peer group methodology and its realizable pay calculation . in addition , equilar clients are able to run simulations of the glass lewis pay for performance test under various “what if” scenarios and obtain their glass lewis report . the center will continue to engage with glass lewis to encourage it to adopt and apply policies in a practical , board centric manner .
@ virgiltexas @ glasslewis @ etfonews they don ' t . glass lewis is owned by the pension fund according to their website .
as the leading independent provider of global governance services , glass lewis helps institutional investors understand and connect with the companies in which they invest .
glass lewis is a portfolio company of the ontario teachers’ pension plan board ( “otpp” ) and alberta investment management corp . ( “aimco” ) .
cgi glass lewis suite 5 . 03 , level 5 , 255 george st sydney nsw 2000 tel : + 61 2 9299 9266 fax : + 61 2 9299 1866
this blog is for informational purposes only and is updated periodically to keep glass lewis’ clients and other interested parties informed of current corporate governance developments and regulatory trends . the information contained herein should not be construed as legal or investment advice . glass lewis analyzes issues it believes may be of interest to its subscribers and makes recommendations as to how glass lewis believes institutional shareholders should approach such issues . while glass lewis may mention certain companies in its blog postings , glass lewis never comments on the investment merits of the securities issued by the subject companies . therefore , none of the information posted through this blog should be construed as a recommendation to invest in , purchase , or sell any securities or other property . all recommendations stated herein must be construed solely as statements of opinion , and not as statements of fact , and may be revised based on additional information or any other reason at any time .
headquartered in san francisco , glass lewis develops and delivers its services from offices in new york ; washington d . c . ; london ; limerick , ireland ; karlsruhe , germany ; and sydney .
glass lewis expects readers of its blog possess sufficient experience and knowledge to make their own decisions entirely independent of any information contained in glass lewis’ blog postings . subscribers are ultimately and solely responsible for making their own decisions . this blog is intended to serve as a complementary source of information and analysis for subscribers in making their own decisions and therefore should not be relied on by subscribers as the sole determinant in making decisions .
since a group of finance , accounting and legal professionals came together in 2003 to found glass lewis , we have focused on providing corporate governance solutions that deliver transparency and efficiency to investment , operations and compliance teams .
important highlights from upcoming meetings , provided by glass lewis ' global research team hospitality properties trust nasdaq – june 14 governance problems are a common theme among publicly traded reits affiliated with the rmr group , and [ . . . ]
important highlights from upcoming meetings , provided by glass lewis ' global research team alpine electronics inc . tokyo stock exchange – june 21 no doubt looking to upgrade the low end performance of it sound system , alps [ . . . ]
the glass lewis blog is regularly updated with information of use to our institutional investor clients including our insights on major corporate governance news , replays of proxy talk conference calls , and the publication of new guidelines , season previews , season reviews and special reports .
important highlights from upcoming meetings , provided by glass lewis ' global research team pjsc gazprom moscow exchange – june 29 with the world ' s attention focused on russia , there ' s another ongoing international competition besides the football : the [ . . . ]
the information contained in each blog posting is based on publicly available information . while glass lewis exercises reasonable care to ensure that all information included in this blog is accurate and is obtained from sources believed to be reliable , no representations or warranties express or implied , are made as to the accuracy or completeness of any information included herein . in addition , glass lewis shall not be liable for any losses or damages arising from or in connection with the information contained herein or the use or inability to use any such information .
glass lewis is the leading independent provider of global governance services , helping institutional investors understand and connect with the companies they invest in . our unbiased proxy research , industry - leading viewpoint proxy vote management service , and the innovative meetyl direct - engagement platform , add new efficiency and impact to our clients’ governance activities .
) ( tsx : svc ) announced today that institutional shareholder services , inc . and glass , lewis & co . , llc , two leading independent proxy advisory firms , have both recommended that sandvine shareholders vote in favour of the special resolution of sandvine shareholders authorizing a plan of arrangement pursuant to which pni canada acquireco corp . (
need help logging in ? email or call your local client service representative . our regional phone numbers are found here .
corporate governance has evolved from something that happens just once a year at a company’s annual meeting to a year - round process , with investors and companies interacting in many ways . we are a trusted ally of more than 1 , 200 investors globally who use our high - quality , unbiased proxy paper research , industry - leading viewpoint proxy vote management solution and innovative meetyl direct - engagement platform to help drive value across all their governance activities .
we put the interests of our clients first . and this aligned perspective is reflected in everything we do – from the research recommendations we formulate and the products we develop , to the way we take care of you as our client . your evolving needs drive us to become true partners in your governance initiatives .
viewpoint : industry - leading vote management platform . proxy paper : research reports with analysis and recommendation on every proxy vote , including m & a and other financial transactions . share recall : identifies materially important proxy meetings that require recalling loaned shares . right claim : class action settlement recovery service . meetyl : global , web - based engagement platform connects institutional investors and companies .
more than 20 , 000 meetings each year , across approximately 100 global markets .
1 , 300 + clients , including the majority of the world’s largest pension plans , mutual funds and asset managers , who collectively manage more than $ 35 trillion in assets .
more than 360 employees worldwide , more than half of whom are dedicated to research .
companies and institutional investors can connect directly to schedule one - on - one meetings , conference calls and non - deal roadshows via the meetyl platform .
our global network of research and client service offices provide support for your entire organization 24 / 7 .
we are committed to engaging transparently with companies . access resources for issuers , learn more about our policies and methodologies and find out how to contact us .
gender diversity in california boardrooms is already best practice . it could soon become [ . . . ]
recent changes to indian law have resulted in a decreased number of auditor [ . . . ]
last week afep , the french association of large companies , and medef , the movement [ . . . ]
as announced on june 28 , 2018 , dual - class share structure ( “dcs” ) are now official permitted [ . . . ]
our teams located across the united states , europe and asia - pacific give us a global reach and a local perspective on the important governance issues that our clients face .
our industry - leading proxy vote management service , elevating the user experience for over 10 years .
expert analysis , accurate data , and contextual voting recommendations for all the companies in your portfolio .
advance notification and materiality scores to help you identify important meetings in time to recall lent shares .
the most comprehensive , fully - outsourced solution to manage your global class action settlement filings and ensure maximum recoveries .
in conducting our analysis , we review each company and proposal on a case - by - case basis , considering the company’s performance , industry , stock exchange , place of incorporation and other factors . the following guidelines are a detailed overview of the key policies we apply in each of these markets .
please let us know by email or phone if you would like more information about our global governance services for institutional investors , our meetyl corporate engagement platform or if you have any other questions .
80 coleman street , suite 4 . 02 london ec2r 5bj tel : + 44 20 7653 8800
gender diversity in california boardrooms is already best practice . it could soon become the law of the land , after the state senate approved a bill that includes the first boardroom gender quotas in the united [ . . . ]
recent changes to indian law have resulted in a decreased number of auditor ratification ( and audit fee ratification ) proposals being submitted to shareholders during the 2018 proxy season – just as accounting scandals have shareholders [ . . . ]
last week afep , the french association of large companies , and medef , the movement of the enterprises of france , released an updated version of their corporate governance code , which is followed by virtually all large - and [ . . . ]
as announced on june 28 , 2018 , dual - class share structure ( “dcs” ) are now official permitted on the singapore exchange . sgx follows its regional rival , the hong kong exchanges & clearing ltd . , which launched dcs ( or class weighted [ . . . ]
oversight and governance of public company remuneration in spain had long been straightforward – until a recent supreme court ruling muddied the waters . article 217 of spanish companies law ( “lsc” ) provides shareholders at the general [ . . . ]
ahold delhaize , the biggest food retail group in the benelux region with a rough market cap of €25 billion , is facing pushback from shareholders over a unique dutch practice . the company recently announced that it [ . . . ]
glassdoor will not work properly unless browser cookie support is enabled . learn how to enable cookies .
your trust is our top concern , so companies can ' t alter or remove reviews .
may not have positions for full time hire at the end of the temporary position . fast - paced environment after a couple months and there are always more questions to be asked .
offer more ways we can benefit from the experience when moving on instead of perks during the experience .
you will be working with friendly staff . the work is pretty easy and straightforward .
everyone is super professional and helpful , you can always get your question answered .
quick couple of months to fill out your resume . learn about corporate governance .
micro managed , limited opportunities for growth . use you for the summer and then let you go after all the reports have been published . they hire summer associates on an hourly basis , not full time basis .
the atmosphere is friendly , the employees are tight knit and the research is interesting as you get into it .
the work has a tendency to become very monotonous as you ' re performing the same job function for several weeks at a time .
this will replace the current featured review for targeted profile . are you sure you want to replace it ?
copyright © 2008–2018 , glassdoor , inc .
glassdoor
and logo are proprietary trademarks of glassdoor , inc .
we ' ve detected that javascript is disabled in your browser . would you like to proceed to legacy twitter ?
global leader in providing independent corporate governance research and proxy voting services to institutional investors . # corpgov # execpay # esg
you can add location information to your tweets , such as your city or precise location , from the web and via third - party applications . you always have the option to delete your tweet location history . learn more
here ' s the url for this tweet . copy it to easily share with friends .
by embedding twitter content in your website or app , you are agreeing to the twitter developer agreement and developer policy .
not on twitter ? sign up , tune into the things you care about , and get updates as they happen .
this timeline is where you’ll spend most of your time , getting instant updates about what matters to you .
hover over the profile pic and click the following button to unfollow any account .
when you see a tweet you love , tap the heart — it lets the person who wrote it know you shared the love .
the fastest way to share someone else’s tweet with your followers is with a retweet . tap the icon to send it instantly .
add your thoughts about any tweet with a reply . find a topic you’re passionate about , and jump right in .
@ glasslewis rgrding yest . tweet by an employee - - it was flat out wrong . we do not in any way support or condone this behavior - our apologies .
@ glasslewis keep going back to @ milktrucknyc . nobody else would want your cheap - ass doing business with them . you both deserve each other .
@ jasminemoy @ glasslewis @ milktrucknyc lol . came across this and found u jasmine . you go girl
. @ glasslewis always amazes me how the people with lots of money tend to be the most miserly a - holes around . good job getting him fired !
@ gedeon underlying story , seems like the food truck owner should be paying employees better so they don’t have to count on tips .
@ mattbraun social media is a two - way street and also the great equalizer . one reason why it ' s so powerful .
@ glasslewis @ milktrucknyc hi assholes ! way to confirm the stereotype that people who work in finance are shithuman sociopaths .
@ artlung joe , you took the words right out of my mouth . just came here to tell them the same thing . patience
. @ glasslewis
making every vote count
- i vote for you to apologize to @ oconnorb _ for getting him fired . shame on you all .
@ glasslewis @ milktrucknyc wow - - shame on both of you . who orders $ 170 worth of food and doesn ' t tip ? ? ? wtf
@ glasslewis @ milktrucknyc do us a favor , don ' t order $ 170 in food from counter workers . order catering , they ' re setup to handle your needs
@ brianvan @ glasslewis @ milktrucknyc u must be a real business man , turn away $ 170 for sandwiches and shakes . id sell $ 1000 in snocones notip
@ chadwildmusic those places have one cook & one grill , everything ' s made to order . you don ' t refuse the order but you take it preorder only
@ brianvan maybe , but you have to be cautious on losing larger orders .
@ chadwildmusic @ brianvan other customers exp bad service from this urltoken was rev neutral for truck . no repeat now .
twitter may be over capacity or experiencing a momentary hiccup . try again or visit twitter status for more information .
) , an affiliate of francisco partners and procera networks inc . (
, unanimously approved the pni arrangement and recommended that sandvine shareholders vote in favour of the pni arrangement . the special committee made its recommendation with the benefit of input from its independent legal and financial advisors .
your vote is important regardless of the number of common shares of sandvine you own . shareholders who have questions or require assistance in voting their proxy may direct their inquiry to sandvine ' s proxy solicitation agent ,
if you are a registered shareholder , you may vote either by proxy or in person at the special meeting . registered shareholders of sandvine voting by proxy are requested to complete , date , sign and return the form of proxy that accompanied the circular . to be valid , the form of proxy must be signed and received by computershare investor services inc . ( attention : proxy department ) located at 100 university avenue , 8th floor ,
and enter your
control number
listed on the proxy and follow the voting instructions on the screen . if you vote via the internet , do not complete or return the form of proxy that accompanied the circular .
non - registered shareholders who receive voting instructions from their intermediary should carefully follow the instructions provided by their intermediary to ensure their votes are counted .
any sandvine shareholder that has already voted on the proposed pni arrangement need not take any action , as their votes will be counted .
about sandvine sandvine ' s network policy control solutions add intelligence to fixed , mobile and converged communications service provider networks , to increase revenue , reduce network costs and improve subscriber quality of experience . our networking solutions perform end - to - end policy control functions , including traffic classification , policy decision , and enforcement . deployed as virtualized network functions or on sandvine ' s purpose - built hardware , the products provide actionable business insight , and the ability to deploy new consumer and business subscriber services , optimize and secure network traffic , and engage with subscribers .
sandvine ' s network policy control solutions are deployed in more than 300 networks in over 100 countries , serving hundreds of millions of data subscribers worldwide . urltoken .
about procera since its inception in 2002 , procera has become a leading subscriber and network intelligence provider . the continued development of its award - winning scorecard and evolution technologies , in addition to the benefits its solutions hold for network operators around data insights , traffic management , and policy control , lets procera meet the ever - changing needs of service providers both today and in the heavily virtualized future .
francisco partners is a leading global private equity firm , which specializes in investments in technology businesses . since its launch over 17 years ago , francisco partners has raised over
in capital and invested in nearly 200 technology companies , making it one of the most active and longstanding investors in the technology industry . the firm invests in opportunities where its deep knowledge and operational expertise can help companies realize their full potential .
forward - looking statements this press release includes certain forward - looking statements and forward - looking information ( collectively ,
forward - looking statements
) within the meaning of applicable securities laws . in particular , this press release contains forward - looking statements relating to , among other things , the acquisition of all of the common shares of sandvine , the receipt of regulatory and court approvals in connection with the pni arrangement and the closing of the pni arrangement pursuant to the terms of the arrangement agreement entered into between pni and sandvine ( the
arrangement agreement
) . any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical facts are forward - looking statements . the completion of the proposed transaction is subject to a number of terms and conditions , including , without limitation : ( i ) receipt of required shareholder approval ; ( ii ) receipt of all necessary court approvals ; ( iii ) the waiver or fulfillment of each of the conditions set out in the arrangement agreement ; and ( iv ) certain termination rights available to the parties under the arrangement agreement . these approvals may not be obtained , the other conditions to the transaction may not be satisfied in accordance with their terms , and / or the parties to the arrangement agreement may exercise their termination rights , in which case the proposed pni arrangement could be modified , restructured or terminated , as applicable . important risks and uncertainties include sandvine ' s significant levels of indebtedness that will result from the pni arrangement , and pni ' s ability to complete the anticipated financing required to complete the proposed pni arrangement . readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward - looking statements . actual results and developments may differ materially from those contemplated by these statements depending on , among other things , the risks that the parties will not proceed with a transaction , that the ultimate terms of the transaction will differ from those that are currently contemplated , and that the transaction will not be successfully completed for any reason ( including the failure to obtain any required approvals ) . sandvine does not intend , and disclaims any obligation , except as required by law , to update or revise any forward - looking statements whether as a result of new information , future events or otherwise . any forward - looking statements are made as of the date hereof and , except as required by law , sandvine assumes no obligation to publicly update or revise such statements to reflect new information , subsequent or otherwise .
for further information : investor contact : rick wadsworth , sandvine , + 1 519 880 2400 ext . 3503 , rwadsworth @ urltoken ; media contact : dan deeth , sandvine , + 1 519 880 2232 , ddeeth @ urltoken
browse our custom packages or build your own to meet your unique communications needs .
copyright © 2018 cnw group ltd . all rights reserved . a cision company .


bull durham smoking tobacco , also known as “ genuine bull durham smoking tobacco , ” was a world-famous brand of loose-leaf tobacco manufactured by w.t. blackwell and company in durham , north carolina .

that originated around the 1850s and remained in production until august 15 , 1988 .

over the years , the brand often changed ownership , yet continued to be one of the most successful tobacco brands of all time .

the brand is most commonly associated with its highly successful advertising campaigns that revolutionized the advertising industry .

william thomas blackwell , an original investor and owner of the blackwell company , contributed greatly to the success of the product .

blackwell and his company ’s tactics with the brand paved the way for other corporations to succeed through the acquisition of the bull durham trademark .

the success of the product ultimately is due to the successful advertising campaigns that made durham world famous , brought jobs to the city , and made durham the tobacco capital of the united states .

bull durham smoking tobacco

bull durham – smoking tobacco – thomas cusack co . chicago – wallace , id
bull durham smoking tobacco promotion advertising original poster 25 . 5
x 17
durham smoking tobacco with bull durham papers nos w t blackwell net wt . 5 / 8 oz
s durham bull tobacco co . , shrewdly promoted its wares under the bull durham trademark . the firm
bull durham tobacco vintage 1920s ad pipe by rosiesvintageprints , $ 25 . 00 | pipe smoking | pinterest | bull durham , pipes and cigar
vtg bull durham smoking tobacco pouch w . t . blackwell & co . ~ unopened s04
an old advertising label for bull durham smoking tobacco . . . | { vintage durham weddings } | pinterest | durham and north carolina
item morphy auctions / vca march 2010 auction / genuine bull durham smoking tobacco cardboard li . . .
bull durham tobacco ad . american tobacco company , circa 1920 . large poster shows ease of rolling your own bull durham cigarettes by picturing a golfer swinging club while smoking .
bull durham tobacco ad . american tobacco co . ca . 1920 . large poster shows ease of rolling your own bull durham cigarettes by picturing a golfer swinging club while smoking .
interestingly , bull durham tobacco ,
briteleaf tobacco
, was grown and manufactured in durham , nc .
durham earned its
bull city
nickname through w . t . blackwell & co ' s
bull
durham smoking tobacco , manufactured in durham and heavily advertised both locally and nationally
wall - color 7 x 10 metal sign - 1915 bull durham smoking tobacco - vintage look repr . . .
in 1957 , the last of the bull durham smoking tobacco production was moved from durham to richmond , and the durham plant became exclusively a cigarette manufacturer .
bull durham tobacco trademark . ca . 1880 . circular emblem encloses bull standing in farm pasture , looking toward viewer .
genuine bull durham smoking tobacco cardboard lithograph . all original w / sticker on back for bull durham tobacco authenticity , has crease in the middle of print , in frame - 22
x 30
bull durham tobacco ad . the man in the moon . ca . 1890 . print ad for blackwell ' s bull durham smoking tobacco features drawing of a man in full moon , smoking a pipe . over one eye is the pull - string seal with bull trademark . from handbook of durham .
bull durham / dances with wolves / mr . brooks ( 3 discs ) ( dvd _ video ) | bull durham and products
from 1874 – 1957 , bull durham tobacco , the first truly national tobacco brand , was manufactured in durham , nc .
lucius green , manufacturer of genuine indian girl durham smoking tobacco , durham , - n . c .
durham smoking tobacco label , mfg . blackwell . ca . 1870 . striking label with reversed print and trademark bull , advertising durham smoking tobacco made by w . t . blackwell ( later the american tobacco co . ) .
blackwell takes its name from william thomas blackwell , whose blackwell durham tobacco co . manufactured bull durham smoking tobacco . it appears , unnamed , on the blount map of durham c . 1867 .
bull
durham smoking tobacco ad poster 11
x14
this auction is for a highly collectible ad poster featuring
bull
durham smoking tobacco . this poster measures approximately 10 3 / 4
x 14
and is a re . . .
by the turn of the century , bull durham tobacco was reportedly the largest tobacco company in the world .
make plug , twist and smoking tobacco , ten inch , sixes and eights plug , and
hickory
smoking tobacco .
tobacco pouch with rolling papers , w . t . blackwell & co . , bull durham
during the u . s . civil war , john ruffin green ' s genuine durham smoking tobacco company made shredded pipe tobacco and sold it in small cloth bags with a picture of a bull on the side . the bull durham logo came about when a friend of mr . green ' s suggested he call his tobacco bull durham smoking tobacco . before long , the product—which had become popular with soldiers during the war—was commonly known as bull durham .
bull in blackwell ' s durham smoking tobacco ad knocks sign painter over sign . ad appeared in u . s . tobacco journal , june 11 , 1877
1918 : war department buys the entire output of bull durham tobacco . bull durham advertises ,
when our boys light up , the huns will light out .
in addition to founding the first tobacco company in durham , green was also a pioneer of tobacco advertising . inspired by a bull’s head illustration on a brand of mustard from durham , england , he trademarked the bull for his durham smoking tobacco brand . this brand became popular worldwide and forever made the bull an emblem of durham . [ ii ]
] and greater still , when considering other tobacco related diseases and environmental tobacco smoking .
e . h . pogue , manufacturer of smoking tobacco , durham , n . c .
w . t . blackwell partnered with mr . green and formed the “bull durham tobacco company” .
bull durham tobacco – uneeda biscuit – nabisco – sloan’s liniment , etc . – birmingham , al
postcard for the w . t . blackwell and company tobacco factory , otherwise known as the bull durham tobacco factory .
genuine bull durham smoking tobacco general store sign . 9
x12
. 040 aluminum . this sign has eyelets . made in the usa .
quick description : noticed this fading ad for bull durham smoking tobacco on side of former old general nerchandise store building near downtown bennettsville , sc .
john ruffin green ( 1840 - 1869 ) manufactured genuine durham smoking tobacco and used a bull as his trademark : origin of the
bull durham
brand . after green ' s death , his partner william t . blackwell took over the company and the bull trademark .
robert morris and his son open the first tobacco factory in durham , manufacturing
best flavored spanish smoking tobacco .
blackwell ' s durham tobacco co . factory bldg . 1895 . factory building of blackwell ' s durham tobacco co . , with bull trademark . engraving from handbook of durham .
w . t . blackwell & co . , durham , north carolina , manufacturers of the only genuine durham smoking tobacco .
early packaging for the bull durham brand of tobacco , manufactured by w . t . blackwell and company
the name “bull durham” is said to have been taken from the bull on the british coleman mustard , which mr . blackwell mistakenly believed was manufactured in durham england .
genuine durham smoking tobacco , later known as bull durham , was manufactured in durham , north carolina from as early as 1860 . ( the trademark was first registered in 1866 . ) john ruffin green is credited with adopting the bull ( apparently borrowed from colman ' s mustard ( made in durham , england ) ) as a symbol for a smoking tobacco known as best flavored spanish smoking tobacco . green then changed its name to genuine durham in the 1860 ' s .
bull durham rolling tobacco and camel cigarettes are distributed to american soldiers as daily rations during world war i .
old bull , looking southwest , 1905 . ( courtesy duke manuscript collection / digital durham
soon golden belt was producing more than 13 , 000 bull durham sacks a day .
bull durham , above harris diner , 79 north ave . , owego , ny , 2002
green registered the trademark in 1866 , along with the name
genuine durham smoking tobacco .
he mounted a sign on the front of his factory depicting the bull .
see also : w . duke , sons and company ; tobacco , brown and williamson tobacco company ; bull durham tobacco ; r . j . reynolds tobacco company ; w . duke sons and company ; tobacco barrels : hogsheads ; inventions in the tobacco industry ; tobacco belts
. the name “bull durham” is said to have been taken from the bull on the british colman’s mustard , which mr . blackwell ( mistakenly ) believed was manufactured in durham , england .
bull durham business bonanza , 1866 - 1940 by b . w . c . roberts and snow l . roberts ; endangered durham
bull durham made its last ad hurrah in 1918 , when the company announced that , since it was sending all its bull durham tobacco to u . s . soldiers in world war i , it would suspend advertising .
the first american manufactured cigarettes came out in 1860 . the most popular brand was bull durham .
r . f . morris & son tobacco factory . engraving . ca . 1890 . ' eureka durham ' smoking tobacco and ' ladies choise ' snuff . from handbook of durham .
action on smoking and health ( ash ) . smoking statistics : illness and death . london : ash ; 2014 .
signs for bull durham tobacco once covered walls all over the country . photo : jack e . boucher , national park service .
durham tobacco ad , with bull and pyramids . ca . 1880 . engraving of bull wearing blanket advertising blackwell ' s durham tobacco . pedestal is partial pyramid labeled with company name and ' cheops ' on the side . smaller pyramids appear in the distance .
james young whitted ( 1836 - 1926 ) was a hillsborough tobacco manufacturer and friend of bull durham founder john ruffin green . according to local lore , whitted suggested that green adopt a bull as symbol for his tobacco brand .
genuine bull durham smoking tobacco . from an older tobacco sign into a reprint picture . reprint picture made of an older advertising sign and it is . high quality semi gloss photo paper and ink are use . . .
old bull with power plant behind it , 1895 . ( courtesy duke manuscript collection / digital durham )
by 1890 , bull durham was one of the most famous trademarks in the world . in that same year , five of the largest cigarette producers , including blackwell tobacco co . , the maker of bull durham , joined together to form the american tobacco co .
click here for another bull durham sign , this one from san francisco ( 1990 ) . here you can see the bull , but it is partially blocked by billboards .
denny , smith & co . manufacturers of fine smoking tobacco proprietors of the monogram brand .
bull durham was sold as loose tobacco in a roll - your - own packet , and continued to be manufactured until around 1988 .
el toro , of course , is spanish for bull . the bull durham brand of smoking tobacco was originally called
spanish flavored durham tobacco .
the manufacturer , john r . green , used the bull name and emblem in his advertising and on his packaging .
spanish flavored
referred to the variety of tobacco grown commercially in the us , which was native to the spanish caribbean . baseball legend has it that the term
bullpen
came about because of the ubiquitous advertisements for bull durham tobacco that hung near the area where pitchers warmed up .
the project is located near the home of the durham bulls minor league baseball team , and is expected to be completed this fall . the property has its own story : a factory on the land once produced bull durham smoking tobacco .
blackwell durham tobacco company
( source : handbook of durham , nc ) ( durham , 1895 ) , pages 32 - 35 .
century , bull durham advertising signs were featured on the outfield fences of most major and minor league ballparks .
in those days , all games were day games and the bull durham advertising signs provided much needed shade .
this bull durham from spokane , wash . ( 2005 ) has been mutilated by a modern garden scene .
different types of tobacco , green tobacco sickness , conditions needed to grow tobacco , etc .
townsend j . price and consumption of tobacco . br med bull . 1996 ; 52 : 132–42 .
bull durham smoking tobacco sign painted on building in collinsville , illinois . auctiva ' s free counter . perfect 5x7 glossy color photo ready for your collection ! historic & amazing photograph . reprint . . .
blackwell ' s durham is the finest , purest , best , and most uniform brand of smoking tobacco ever put upon the market .
began the manufacture of smoking tobacco in 1880 , their brand being
clear the track .
it is admitted that the tobacco grown in these mountains of western north carolina produces smoking tobacco of a quality surpassing any other .
b . w . c . roberts and s . l . roberts , bull durham : business bonanza , 1866–1940 ( durham , nc : genuine durham press , 2002 ) , 43 .
[ i ] open durham . ( 2008 , march 24 ) . blackwell’s durham tobacco / american tobacco co . retrieved april 10 , 2015 , from urltoken : urltoken / buildings / blackwells - durham - tobacco - american - tobacco - co
[ iii ] open durham . ( 2008 , march 24 ) . blackwell’s durham tobacco / american tobacco co . retrieved april 10 , 2015 , from urltoken : urltoken / buildings / blackwells - durham - tobacco - american - tobacco - co
completed in 1874 , the american tobacco company factory was initially known as the w . t . blackwell and company tobacco factory . it was also referred to as the bull durham tobacco factory , and eventually earned the nickname
old bull ,
because the whistle actually sounded like a bull . the ell - shaped building of italianate design is a brick factory trimmed with marble , and features a bull durham ad right on the front of the building . the bull durham advertising campaign even offered a cash prize for baseball players to try and hit the sign from nearby stadiums .
no , not the 1988 movie featuring kevin costner , but a tobacco company and brand based in durham , north carolina . the national park service , which has recognized the bull durham tobacco factory ( also called the w . t . blackwell and company tobacco factory ) for its historical importance , has referred to bull durham tobacco as “the first truly national tobacco brand” and “a part of american industrial history and folklore . ”
[ ii ] durden , r . f . ( 2006 ) . bull durham tobacco . retrieved april 10 , 2015 , from ncpedia : urltoken
q : i have had this framed paper poster advertising bull durham smoking tobacco for over 40 years . it’s 24 1 / 2 by 17 inches . in the bottom left - hand corner it says , “blackwell’s durham tobacco co . ” is this collectible ? what is its value ?
following his son brodie ' s lead , washington duke sells the family farm and moves to durham , nc in hopes of expanding his tobacco business . washington builds a new tobacco factory on durham ' s main street . durham is also home to blackwell and company , producers of the popular
bull durham
tobacco brand .
i have a painting of a barn with genuine “bull” durham the old reliable smoking tabacco on the side it is signed by cwikla would you have any info one this . thank you
the successor to blackwell ' s durham tobacco co . was the american tobacco co . which paid somewhere between 3 and 4 million dollars to take over blackwell ' s ( and the bull durham trademark ) in 1898 .
julian shakespeare carr ( 1845 - 1924 ) , while first part owner ( from around 1870 ) , then sole owner of blackwell ' s , is credited with engineering the massive advertising campaign that spread the bull durham signs over the american landscape . bull durham signs featured a bronze bull on a black background . in the sign above , the bull was probably in the lower right corner but is not discernable now . a circular gold medal flour sign was painted over the middle of the bull durham sign at some point in time , and is now quite a bit less prominent than the larger bull durham lettering .
j . r . sams intends during the fall to begin the manufacture of smoking tobacco in asheville .
pamphlet , ee - m co . ,
ee - m smoking tobacco and cigarettes
, 1896
see also : tobacco , american tobacco company ; brown and williamson tobacco company ; r . j . reynolds tobacco company ; w . duke sons and company ; tobacco barrels : hogsheads ; inventions in the tobacco industry ; tobacco belts
outdoor advertisements were a part of the tobacco industry from its beginning . before the turn of the century , large , colorful wall paintings advertising bull durham tobacco appeared . and as cigarette smoking grew more popular , tobacco producers quickly began to erect dramatic signs advertising their wares throughout the country .
tobacco processed in durham becomes popular among civil war soldiers , creating a national market for the variety that later became known as bull durham , sold by w . t . blackwell and company .
no other like it in the world ! if you alight from the train at durham , n . c , the first thing you note is the delight - ful aroma and s ^ veet fragrance which hangs over the whole town . this proceeds from the
bull
durham factory . never was there so dis - tinctive and lingering a flavor as that of
bull
durham ; there is no other like it in the world .
bull
durham smokers notice this , the moment they roll a cigarette and light it . the smoke has a delicious , relishable aroma that is wholly unique and individual . you get it in no other tobacco . it is produced by a gsnerations - old process known only to the makers of
bull
durham . < ti oenuinc bull durham smoking tobacco
bull
durham has been the standard smoking tobacco of the world for three generations .
bull
durham hand - made cigarettes are a distinctive form of tobacco enjoyment . their flzvcr and freshness arc delightful . get
the makings
today and
roll your own .
ask for free hooki of * ' papers wilh each 5c sack - l ^
ee - m co . ,
ee - m smoking tobacco and cigarettes
[ pamphlet ] , 1896
pamphlet , f . w . felgner & sons , price list of smoking tobacco , 1866 aug . 1
but none actually showed women smoking . but times were changing and men like george washington hill at american tobacco set their sights on popularizing cigarette smoking among the newly liberated female population .
the company was also active in specialty advertising , developing a promotion in which the round tabs featuring a bull that were tied to the ends of the drawstrings used in the small cloth sacks of bull durham tobacco could be exchanged for premiums .
[ . . . ] pete w . sent in a third vintage bull durham tobacco ad depicting black americans as foolish and bumbling . [ . . . ]
the u . s . government is said to have bought every ounce of bull durham tobacco during the world war i years to send to the war effort .
reference has been made elsewhere to the origin of the demand for durham smoking tobacco , of which mr . j . r . green sagaciously took advantage , increasing his facilities for manufacturing , and adopting a distinguishing brand and device , making the
durham bull
thenceforth immortal .
f . w . felgner & sons , price list of smoking tobacco [ pamphlet ] , 1866 aug . 1
[ the history section of this post relies heavily upon the excellent little book bull durham business bonanza by ben and snow roberts .
j . t . blackwell . formal portrait . ca . 1920 . formal portrait of man responsible for bull durham tobacco and one of the men responsible for the growth and success of durham . photog : parnell
rebuilding the cornice on the east and north facades of old bull , december 2007 .
interested in the decision to remove the iconic bull’s scrotum in advertisements ? go here .
these are some attributes that the city of durham has come to envelop . once known primarily for basketball and tobacco , durham has flourished into a city of entrepreneurial zest and tech culture . a charming feature of durham is the way it blends historic fabric with new vibrancy . the nickname , bull city , comes from the former brand of tobacco , bull durham smoking tobacco . while the city no longer produces tobacco , the spirit of that prosperous time is rekindled in businesses and culture . the durham bulls , a minor - league baseball team , hosts games right across the street from the american tobacco campus , another instance of the preservation of historical roots .
the next year , with nearly 150 bull durham signs being hit 85 times , $ 4 , 520 in cash more than 10 , 000 pounds of tobacco was awarded .
in 1910 , the “bull durham” name was so closely associated with baseball ; that signs were in almost every ballpark in the country .
mr . green died in 1869 , and his company was bought by former storekeeper william t . blackwell , who made the bull durham name internationally renowned . the image of the bull appeared on billboards and murals throughout the world , and one of the great pyramids at giza had the bull painted on it .
1865 : civil war ended : troops camped around durham station waiting for the surrender at durham station exhaust local farmers ' supply of tobacco . later troops wrote to durham station looking for more of the local tobacco .
opinions and lifestyle survey , adult smoking habits in great britain , 2013 . [
although the first tobacco factory had been established in 1854 by r . f . morris , a significant boost in the tobacco industry in durham was only seen after the civil war ( “preservation durham “ , a short history of the bull city p2 ) . an increase in demand from all over the country attracted workers to the tobacco fields and increased population from one hundred in 1865 to two - thousand by 1880 ( “preservation durham “ , a short history of the bull city p2 ) . one clear example of how the growth of the tobacco industry helped the growth and development of the city itself is the case of the bull durham tobacco factory . this was initially a partnership between w . t . blackwell and ruffin green that took place in order to be able to fulfill the incessant orders for durham tobacco . needless to say , bull durham tobacco factory was not the only company at the time , and that is part of the reason why the tobacco industry basically ran durham .
in addition , any player hitting a home run in a park with a bull on the fence got a carton of tobacco .
parrish & blackwell , durham , n . c . , wholesale leaf tobacco dealers .
j . s . lockhart , dealer in leaf tobacco durham , n . c .
first tobacco warehouse opens in durham , making it an appealing base for more manufacturers .
- government should not act as a paternal body to control smoking . - smokers do not cost society money since they die sooner . - increased awareness about health and risk will lower the smoking rate and the smoking problem will take care of itself
the 20th century durham brand is encapsulated in the image below . advertising for the city was almost exclusively geared towards bull durham smoking tobacco . this was an extremely prosperous time for durham . the american tobacco company eventually dissolved in the late 20th century , leaving the area desolate with only empty , old buildings . in 2004 , the american tobacco campus reopened with office spaces , stores , and restaurants . from the start , american tobacco campus strove to bring in new opportunities while showcasing where the durham community came from .
i believe the old bull building was durham ' s first structure to be placed on the national register for historic places - in 1974 .
e . i . holmes & co . , manufacturers of pure and unadulterated smoking tobacco , asheville , n . c .
bull durham smoking tobacco was the most popular brand in the country , and its stature only increased during world war i , when it was included in the rations given to soldiers on the front lines , and in 1918 production was temporarily taken over by the us government to exclusively supply soldiers with tobacco .
the relatively better position of durham in the great depression was exemplified by the increases in employment and sales at the american tobacco in 1930 . the company slashed prices of bull durham ( bag ) tobacco , and the brand saw a resurgence in sales . the company employed 3500 people in 1931 , and produced 1 . 75 million cigarettes and 1 . 5 million pounds of smoking tobacco a month .
poster , british - american tobacco co . , ltd . , winner plug tobacco
[ advertisements for hundley tobacco orderer , oxford , n . c . and
durham recorder
, durham , n . c . ]
see what ' s happening in durham ' s american tobacco historic district . music , food , dpac , the durham bulls and more .
make both plug and smoking , with a trade confined principally to the southern states .
18 century . smoking confined to indoor places where men had leisure time to congregate .
old bull , the power plant , lucky strike , reed and hill - looking southwest , 1905 . ( courtesy duke manuscript collection / digital durham
some wood frame storage warehouses and the reams auction warehouse aside , old bull was the extent of the blackwell company prior to its absorption by union tobacco , then american tobacco .
all photos from durham public library historic photographic archives except contemporary photograph by american tobacco campus .
j . v . whitted tobacco c . engraving . 1895 . from handbook of durham .
kirk warren reflects on the impact tobacco companies had on the community when they left durham .
american tobacco company pursued bull - riding sponsorship for its bull durham cigarette brand in the early 1990s . bull durham was a discount cigarette targeted to low - income young men rather than to the typical older female purchasers of very low - priced cigarettes . bull - riding sponsorship was viewed as 1 way to establish the discount brand ' s personality , and plans were to “increase carton buying patterns” through sequential promotion of escalating purchase sizes , from 2 packs to a 5 - pack minicarton , progressing to a full carton . 40
the granulated
sitting bull
is known all over the united states , and upholds the reputation of durham as a manufacturing point for smoking tobacco . the stock for this factory is all bought on the durham market , and is exclusively the product of orange and adjacent counties . the marked characteristics of the tobacco of this immediate section are exemplified in all the manufactures of durham , and to a very large extent in
each policy improvement would result in a proportional decline in smoking prevalence . for example , a 10 % decline from a baseline of 20 % smoking prevalence would mean a 2 % absolute decline . the potential reductions in smoking prevalence for each policy type are in table
w . f . warren , durham city school superintendent . 1937 . from durham high school yearbook .
w . t . blackwell and company introduced production , packaging , and marketing techniques that made bull durham a part of american industrial history and folklore .
bull durham – carriages , wagons , farm inplements [ sic ] – thos . cusack ad – grand island , ne – featured fade , jerry heidelk
ox with tobacco hogshead . costume photo . ca . 1920 . old costume , dress - up photo shows man in boots , with shotgun , leading an ox hitched to a tobacco barrel used as a wheel . sign above advertises ' bull ' durham tobacco . photog : parnell
british - american tobacco co . , ltd . , winner plug tobacco [ poster ]
broadside , the mammoth tobacco co . , notice
winston ' s best
tobacco
action on smoking and health ( ash ) . ash briefing : uk tobacco control policy and expenditure . london : ash ; 2014 .
. will litigation become part of public health arsenal in canada ' s war against smoking .
, marlow m . smoking bans and their differential effects on restaurants , bars and taverns .
old bull is back in the fold ( along with the noell building ) . both are now part of american tobacco campus . work is set to resume on the top floors of old bull with new units coming on the market in 2014 .
duke & stokes , durham , n . c . , dealers in leaf tobacco & strips .
1895 engraving from
handbook of durham of w . t . blackwell and company tobacco factory .
15
metal circled bull head vintage wall decor hanging decoration for home / outside / . . .
new old stock . . still has protective plastic on front . vintage aaa sign company . black americana bull durham tabacco store advertising litho tin sign . 46x30cm
aerial view of durham . slightly closer than g148 . central and east durham . ccb at top center .
1860 : statistics : virginia and north carolina list 348 tobacco factories , virtually all producing chewing tobacco . only 6 list smoking tobacco as a side - product ( which is manufactured from scraps left over from plug production ) .
several studies have shown a link between tobacco sport sponsorship and increased smoking rates in children , 2 , 4 , 132 although none have focused specifically on rodeo sponsorship . for example , smoking rates among adolescents aged 13 to 17 years increased from 2 . 4 % to 11 . 1 % after viewing a 1996 cricket series in india that was sponsored by wills cigarettes . 132 tobacco sponsorship of sports increases smoking rates by creating a positive association between sports and smoking . 4 a 2006 literature review concluded that tobacco promotions that include brand name sport sponsorship increase rates of smoking initiation in a dose - dependent manner . 133
the mammoth tobacco co . , notice
winston ' s best
tobacco [ broadside ]
richard joshua reynolds builds the first tobacco factory in winston - salem , producing chewing tobacco .
jacobson , bobbie . beating the ladykillers : woman and smoking . london : pluto , 1986 .
search the web for the phrase “tobacco and baseball” and you’ll find an association that dates back almost to the beginning of the sport . in the late 1800s , tobacco companies debuted baseball cards in cigarette packs . by the early 1900s , bull durham was advertising its chewing tobacco product on outfield fences .
for years – nearly 100 years , it was hidden . last week , with the deconstruction of the old garage located at 602 main street , history unveiled itself in the form of a bull durham smoking tobacco advertisement which had been hand - painted on the west wall of what is now grumpy’s bar .
“history” . american tobacco . downtown durham’s entertainment district , jun 2010 . web . 15 mar 2011 .
, citing maplewood cemetery , durham , durham county , north carolina , usa ; maintained by find a grave .
aerial view of durham . central & east durham . ca . 1940 . ccb building is at top center .
robert venturi , the postmodern architect , said that while he was sympathetic to opponents of smoking , tobacco billboards could also be objects of beauty .
nagelhout ge , levy dt , blackman k , currie l , clancy l , willemsen mc . the effect of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and smoking - attributable deaths . findings from the netherlands simsmoke tobacco control policy simulation model . addict abingdon engl . 2012 ; 107 : 407–16 .
tobacco - bagging machine . cigarette mfg . plant . ca . 1910 . machine bagged tobacco in cloth bags and wrapped label around the outside of the bags . note table at left loaded with rows of filled bags . cartons in rear are printed woith label for bull durham tobacco . photographer : junius beard
since the bull durham signs were generally located near the area where relief pitchers warmed up prior to entering games , the word “bullpen” could have resulted from this association .
is the best place to shop local in durham , nc . we are the shopping hub of the bull city , connecting local businesses with the community . we offer
night letter ( telegram ) , w . t . blackwell & co . , bull durham ( with purchase of 25 # a box of
cork
soap )
union and confederate armies regularly traded tobacco for coffee and othergoods throughout the civil war , also without much preference for brand . the bull durham brand , though , grew out of an incident in durham , north carolina that occurred at the close of the war . soldiers from both sides raided a farmer ' s tobacco crop as they waited for a surrender to be completed . after returning home , these same soldiers wrote back asking for more of this tobacco . the farmer , mr . john green , happily obliged ; the tobacco was named bull durham in 1868 and later became the largest selling tobacco brand in the world .
union and confederate armies regularly traded tobacco for coffee and other goods throughout the civil war , also without much preference for brand . the bull durham brand , though , grew out of an incident in durham , north carolina that occurred at the close of the war . soldiers from both sides raided a farmer ' s tobacco crop as they waited for a surrender to be completed . after returning home , these same soldiers wrote back asking for more of this tobacco . the farmer , mr . john green , happily obliged ; the tobacco was named bull durham in 1868 and later became the largest selling tobacco brand in the world .
one of the most important aspects of bar promotions relates to the impact of social influence on product usage behaviour and brand selection . social influence theory suggests that individuals may conform to meet the expectations of a person or group . 39 research into reasons for smoking uptake among adolescents has shown that social influence , especially peer smoking and peer approval of smoking , are predictors of smoking behaviour . 40 although over 80 % of smokers begin to smoke before the age of 18 , there is still opportunity for young adults to be influenced to begin smoking or continue smoking once they have reached the age of majority . the bar environment presents an ideal social context for tobacco companies to focus on opinion leaders in order to influence smoking status and brand choice . 41– 43
union and confederate armies regularly traded tobacco for coffee and other goods throughout the civil war , also without much preference for brand . the bull durham brand , though , grew out of an incident in durham , north carolina that occurred at the close of the war . soldiers from both sides raided a farmer’s tobacco crop as they waited for a surrender to be completed . after returning home , these same soldiers wrote back asking for more of this tobacco . the farmer , mr . john green , happily obliged ; the tobacco was named bull durham in 1868 and later became the largest selling tobacco brand in the world . – duke university
occoneechee
- - and - -
tar heel
smoking tobaccos long cut and granulated .
mackinnon , kenneth , and laura owen . smoking in films—a review . london : hea , 1997 .
, sussman s , dent cw , burton d . moderators of peer social influence in adolescent smoking .
broadside , interstate tobacco - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best , 1947 may 26
broadside , interstate tobacco - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best , 1947 june 23
broadside , interstate tobacco - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best , 1947 july 8
reed h . the effects of increasing tobacco taxation : a cost benefit and public finances analysis . london : action on smoking & health ; 2010 .
by the early 20th century roll - your - own cigarettes had become widely available , with bull durham being the most popular brand . the annual report of the commissioner of indian affairs observed in 1903 that the sioux were very actively taking up the practice of smoking cigarettes :
this pictured machine bagged tobacco in cloth bags and wrapped labels around the outside of the bags . note the table at left loaded with rows of filled bags . cartons in the rear of the photograph are printed with the bull durham tobacco label . photographer : junius beard
to this day any request made by a white person is facilitated by tobacco . once the manager of ohewa kiva in zuni was willing to send out the bogey kachina because i asked for him with bull durham . 30
looking southwest , 1920s , at old bull , the hill warehouse , the old power plant , lucky strike , and reed . ( courtesy duke manuscript collection / digital durham
blackwell takes its name from william thomas blackwell , called
the father of durham
in hiram v . paul ' s 1884 town history . blackwell durham tobacco co . manufactured bull durham smoking tobacco in a factory at the southwest corner of blackwell and pettigrew streets . the street appears , unnamed , on the blount map of durham c . 1867 but bears blackwell ' s name on the city directory map of 1887 - by which time blackwell had sold his interest in the company and become a banker . taking over the tobacco business from partner j . r . green ( who coined the name
bull durham
) , blackwell and partners julian s . carr and james r . day built the company into an international business , the united states ' largest tobacco firm for a time in the 1870s .
thomas h . martin tobacco warehouse . engraving . 1895 . thomas martin , ' leaf tobacco broker , ' on morris street . from handbook of durham .
durham mayor william
bill
bell sits down with nbc17 today to explain the origins of durham ' s nickname .
the durham brand – i’d like to contemplate what makes the city of durham authentic and how the brand embodies that .
anti - smoking groups are not crying over the tobacco billboard ' s demise . such groups have long charged that cigarette makers carefully positioned outdoor advertisements near schools and playgrounds , and carpet - bombed minority neighborhoods with billboards because those areas had high smoking rates .
in 1899 , financial troubles forced mr . reynolds to sell two - thirds of his business to james
buck
duke ' s american tobacco co . for $ 3 million . under the purchase agreement , mr . reynolds continued to manage rjr , where , in 1907 , he introduced prince albert smoking tobacco , a blend that eventually challenged american tobacco ' s bull durham and duke ' s mixture , the national leaders .
duke university began as trinity college , moving to durham and eventually taking the
duke
name upon generous endowments by washington duke , a durham tobacco magnate and philanthropist .
broadside , interstate tobacco - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best , 1947 apr . 15
bright leaf tobacco became the most prized of all u . s . varieties , and durham was the epicenter of bright leaf country . by far the best - known brand of bright leaf was bull durham , the label of william t . blackwell & company . blackwell gained a long lead on the rest of the durham tobacco merchants , including the dukes , who did not establish their first true factory in durham until 1873 . the dukes chose to concentrate their energies on the manufacture and sale of tobacco rather than on raising the crop , which was notoriously erratic in quality and quantity . buying their leaf from local farmers , the dukes cured and then shred or compressed the tobacco to form , respectively , smoking or chewing tobacco . as cigarettes were hardly yet known , tobacco smoking was accomplished with a pipe or in cigars , the latter not being made by the dukes .
the bull durham tobacco advertisement still boasts the brilliant colors and appears much as it might have some 90 to 100 years ago . it was uncovered as a main street building was deconstructed over the course of a week and has become an immediate sensation in the community of ackley . ( inset ) a closer look at the head of the bull .
history of durham : biographical sketches
- - - - the father of durham , pp . 130 - 133 .
durham & southern railway . engine # 1140 . 1940 . engine with tender and crew aboard steams through durham rail yards .
hilton , matthew . smoking in british popular culture 1800–2000 . new york : manchester university press , 2000 .
brown t , platt s , amos a . equity impact of european individual - level smoking cessation interventions to reduce smoking in adults : a systematic review . eur j public health . 2014 ; 24 : 551–6 .
manufacturer of the world - renowned
sitting bull
durham smoking tobacco , a standard brand of granulated , made from the best and most highly flavored north carolina leaf . also of the original and genuine durham long cut , made from the best bright north carolina leaf , unsurpassed the world over in fragrance and flavor ; of which there are two grades , no . 1 and no . 2 .
smoking in the services came under attack in the 1980s . anti - smoking campaigns were ordered and by 1994 the pentagon banned smoking in the workplace . by 2002 the department of defense ( dod ) had fully implemented a 1997 executive order banning smoking in all government - owned , rented , and leased interior spaces . today , soldiers continue to smoke , chew , and dip while congress and dod are considering a potential ban on sales of tobacco products on military bases and ships .
s bull durham , and in 1881 he decided to enter the new and relatively small field of cigarettes . at the time , there were only four major producers of cigarettes in the
durham cotton & commonwealth cotton mfg . cos . 1895 . factories of the durham cotton mfg . co . and the commonwealth cotton mfg . co . engravings . from handbook of durham .
bright leaf tobacco became the most prized of all u . s . varieties , and durham was the epicenter of bright leaf country . by far the best - known brand of bright leaf was bull durham , the label of william t . blackwell & company . black - well gained a long lead on the rest of the durham tobacco merchants , including the dukes , who did not establish their first true factory in durham until 1873 . the dukes chose to concentrate their energies on the manufacture and sale of tobacco rather than on raising the crop , which was notoriously erratic in quality and quantity . buying their leaf from local farmers , the dukes would cure and then shred or compress the tobacco to form , respectively , smoking or chewing tobacco . as cigarettes were yet hardly known , tobacco smoking was accomplished with a pipe or in cigars , the latter not being made by the dukes .
the father and sons trio begin manufacturing their own brand of smoking tobacco called
pro bono publico
at their orange county ( now durham ) , nc farm . in 1866 , they manufacture 15 , 000 pounds of tobacco . the business grows quickly , and by 1872 they produce nearly 125 , 000 pounds of tobacco .
interstate tobacco . - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best [ broadside ] , 1947 april 15
interstate tobacco . - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best [ broadside ] , 1947 may 26
interstate tobacco . - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best [ broadside ] , 1947 june 23
interstate tobacco . - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best [ broadside ] , 1947 july 8
jha p , peto r . global effects of smoking , of quitting , and of taxing tobacco . n engl j med . 2014 ; 370 : 60–8 .
boyd , william kenneth , the story of durham , durham : duke university press , 1925 , pp . 71 - 73 .
first durham county courthouse . engraving . 1895 . located at se corner of church & main streets . from handbook of durham .
downtown durham . public service co . ca . 1920 . building housed offices of durham ' s electric company . photog : parnell
the second was a discussion with his friend jy whitted , who suggested that green should make use of the bull used by the coleman mustard company on their
durham mustard
containers .
superb , gary . as always . makes me proud to be moving in to old bull in a month or two .
with the absorption into the american tobacco trust , the manufacturing facility expanded dramatically . the original building became known as
old bull
in reference to its centrality in the old blackwell bull durham company . in 1903 , the
u
shaped factory became a squared
o ,
with the construction of a wing enclosing the south side of the building .
s machines were still in use in 1948 . carr won the rights to the invention for a royalty of ten cents for each 1 , 000 bags the company sold and established the golden belt manufacturing co . to produce them in the bull durham plant not only for the tobacco industry but also for manufacturers of sugar , salt , flour , meal , feedstuffs , and coins . the contract between golden belt and durham bull tobacco stated that high - quality cloth sacks of different sizes
greaves , lorraine smoke screen : women ' s smoking and social control . london : scarlet press , 1996 .
the total sales of the warehouses in durham during the season of 1880 are estimated at twelve million pounds , a large majority of which was farmer ' s tobacco sold from the wagons . a larger quantity of package tobacco than usual was received from other markets . the characteristic excellence of the higher grades of smoking tobacco has been maintained by
this company employs 500 hands ; has a capital stock of $ 4 , 000 , 000 and a manufacturing capacity of eight million pounds of smoking tobacco per annum .
don ' t let this bakery ' s cheery exterior fool you , boots bakery is serious about keeping things local . while renovating the space , the owners partially uncovered what is probably the best preserved ghost sign in spokane an advertisement for bull durham smoking tobacco painted by the firm of
billboard baron
thomas cusack . step inside and check it out .
1890 : dukes establish the american tobacco company , which will soon monopolize the entire us tobacco industry . atc will be dissolved in anti - trust action in 1911 . 1898 : controlling interest in blackwell was bought out by union tobacco co . , which promptly sold it to american . 1899 : l & m taken into duke ' s tobacco trust . duke has finally won bull durham brand of chew .
operations at the complex continued to wane over the course of the 1970s and 1980s . in 1987 , the american tobacco company shut down operations in durham and moved all remaining production to their plant in reidsville . the old bull building was abandoned .
brown cj . approval recommendation : bull durham bar sampling test . american tobacco company . december 16 , 1991 . access date : november 1 , 2001 . bates no . atx040204083 - 4086 . url : urltoken . quoted on p . atx040204083 .
brown c . approval recommendation : bull durham bar sampling test . american tobacco company . december 16 , 1991 . access date : november 1 , 2001 . bates no . atx040204083 - 4086 . url : urltoken . quoted on p . atx040204083 .
e . c . valendra , “national coexistence is our bull durham : revisiting ‘the indian today , ’” american studies 46 , no . 3 / 4 ( 2005–2006 ) : 59–76 , 68 .
durham county library - 300 n . roxboro street - durham , north carolina 27701 - 919 . 560 . 0100 email the library webmaster
is that
hoster ' s beer
advertised across from old bull ? my other thought was
fowler ' s
.
looking west down vivian st . at the old power plant and the east side of old bull . ( courtesy robby delius )
by the late 1950s , the old power plant / machine shop / smokestack , to the south of old bull were demolished .
out of curiosity , i went looking for other bull durham ads from around the same period . seems most of their ads showed only a bull , or baseball stars of the time . but here are a couple that show people using the product ; note how people of different races are depicted : native americans urltoken caucasians urltoken
in 1987 , the american tobacco company shut down operations in durham and moved all remaining production to their plant in reidsville .