joulex was a software company that specializes in monitoring and control of the power consumption of computers and associated devices attached to networks .

founded in 2009 , with headquarters in atlanta , usa , it was acquired by cisco in 2013 .

joulex

© 2012 joulex is a registered trademark of joulex , inc . joulex energy manager ( jem ) and load - adaptive computing are trademarks of joulex , inc . all other brands and product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holder .
all four joulex products are eligible for integration including joulex energy manager for pcs , for distributed offices , for energywise and for data centers .
, national sales manager for fieldserver technologies .
achieving joulex - ready validation shows customers that our solution meets or exceeds joulex compatibility criteria and successfully integrates with one or more of the joulex energy manager products .
, president and ceo at joulex .
the joulex - ready technology partner program formalizes these activities to provide partners with the technical resources and professional guidance that our own customers have come to expect from the joulex brand .
joulex claims its customers are reducing energy costs
by up to 60 percent .
joulex unveiled the latest upgrade of its energy management software product last week , the first version of joulex energy manager ( jem ) to be driven largely by customer feedback .
key partners such as calxeda , fieldserver technologies , project performance corporation , and wesustain are already leveraging the joulex - ready program to validate their solution integrations with the joulex energy manager platform .
while joulex ' s headquarters are in atlanta , its main development center is in kassel , germany , and most of its early customers are in europe . siemens has deployed joulex energy manager in two facilities .
joulex chemicals private limited - manufacturer of boiler water treatment chemicals & r . o water treatment chemicals from alwar
joulex software uses an agentless system to detect devices on ip networks and track their energy usage . in this video , mark davidson of joulex talks about the company and demonstrates the software and some of its capabilities .
a single , seamless interface for former joulex partners and customers to open and manage service renewals and product support requests .
joulex has made it easy to become part of the joulex - ready program . vendors simply complete an application and , once approved , they gain access to the joulex energy manager software development kit ( sdk ) and other technical resources to assist them . once the vendor ' s solution is validated , they can display the joulex - ready logo on their packaging and marketing materials for qualified offerings . additionally , their companies are listed on the joulex - ready webpage , giving them global visibility to customers , service providers , system integrators and sales teams worldwide that may be looking for readily deployable enterprise energy management offerings .
. available globally , the joulex - ready program , which includes a comprehensive software development kit ( sdk ) , will provide technical validation and assurance for software and hardware vendors to ensure compatibility and interoperability with the joulex energy manager ( jem ) platform .
but noonan argues that the market has no clear leader as of yet , and thinks joulex offers a unique value proposition . joulex ' s software licensing costs will be about a third of the amount customers save by using the technology . hypothetically , if a 5 , 000 - employee company saves $ 300 , 000 a year using joulex they would pay $ 100 , 000 .
joulex ' s energy management solution provides businesses the ability to measure , monitor , and manage their network ' s energy usage .
but noonan ' s main focus is joulex , which has 12 employees . although noonan is president and ceo , he says the credit for building joulex ' s technology goes to chief architect josef brunner and cto rene seeber , noonan ' s fellow co - founders .
read the joulex integration q & as for commonly asked questions regarding cisco service offers , service agreements , renewals , support , and more .
joulex chemicals private limited - manufacturer of boiler water treatment chemicals , r . o water treatment chemicals & descalants chemicals in alwar , rajasthan .
for more information on the newly integrated services portfolio , and how to open a service support case , visit the services and support for joulex .
noonan jokingly suggests that eventually
somebody is going to ip - enable a toaster ,
adding it to the list of devices managed by joulex .
the open nature of network and systems management tools makes it relatively easy for joulex to gather the power information it needs , mccormick says . even with virtualization technology dividing physical servers into multiple logical entities , joulex can read the power usage of each individual virtual machine and make recommendations to lower energy costs . one customer that ' s piloting joulex is using vmware ' s live migration to move applications from one data center to another to take advantage of lower energy prices .
active joulex service agreements have been migrated to cisco software subscription support service agreements and integrated into our renewals management processes , as well as our support tools and processes .
cisco just announced its intention to spend $ 107 million on joulex , a vc - funded startup that makes software to monitor and manage power usage of networked devices .
one of joulex ' s primary selling points is that , as a single piece of software , it doesn ' t require any agents to be installed on network devices .
sec filings show joulex as having raised $ 17 . 2 million back in 2011 from target partners , techoperators , sigma partners , flybridge capital partners and intel capital . the firm was founded in 2009 in munich , germany and will reside within cisco’s industry solutions group . the joulex software will integrate with cisco ' s energywise energy - management system .
joulex and its main technology , the joulex energy manager , is based on a simple architecture . it ' s a single piece of software that is installed on a pc or virtual machine , usually in about two hours , and provides remote monitoring , analysis and management of all devices connected to the ip network . while vendors like 1e and verdiem focus on pcs and servers , joulex looks at essentially any device controlled by a computer , whether they are lighting systems , hvac , voip phones , or wireless access points .
the joulex energy manager ( version 4 . 0 ) platform is an enterprise - class energy management solution that reduces the total cost of ownership of network and data center infrastructure .
the joulex software allows the customer to monitor , measure and manage energy consumption of networks and it systems across an enterprise without the need for hardware sensors or device - side agents .
pointclear ceo dan mcdade said : “we are pleased with the productive year - long relationship between pointclear and joulex , and we’re most gratified to be considered part of our client’s team . ”
tom noonan , joulex president and ceo said in a statement . “our customers around the world are taking the lead in the ‘sustainability’ revolution , similar to the prominent roles they played in both the quality revolution and the computer revolution previously . the unprecedented growth that joulex has experienced indicates the importance of enterprise energy management solutions as the lynchpins in this transformation . joulex will continue to innovate to help provide the visibility and analysis required to help them control energy across their web scale enterprises - - from buildings and industrial controls to data centers and their distributed it infrastructure . ”
joulex has $ 2 million in venture funding ( largely from noonan ' s tech operators firm ) and only about $ 200 , 000 in revenue so far . numerous energy management vendors are being formed to help businesses deal with the rising cost of energy and proliferation of power - hungry it equipment , meaning joulex will be just one of many options for a cost - conscious cio .
joulex is a company founded by four former executives of internet security systems , according to greenmonk’s tom raftery . but instead of hunting for security vulnerabilities , joulex hunts for energy inefficiencies . it can monitor anything with an ip address – pcs , servers , even ip - enabled hvac units , etc . – all without clients or hardware . it’s priced according to the number of devices managed .
joulex is a leading innovator in sustainable energy management for the enterprise . the joulex energy manager ( jem ) automatically monitors , analyzes and controls the energy consumed by all devices connected to the network—without agents , hardware meters or changes to your network or security . this provides enterprises unprecedented visibility and control over the consumption and utilization of energy throughout their distributed office environments , data centers and facilities management systems .
software to track and manage energy use is an active sector of the data center market . one new player in this market is joulex , which has developed an agentless system that detects devices on ip networks and their energy usage . at the recent data center world conference , mark davidson of joulex told us about the company and demonstrated the software and some of its capabilities . this video runs about 12 minutes .
cisco has completed the integration of joulex , a leading innovator in energy management solutions that provides organizations the ability to see , measure , and manage their it energy use for all network - connected devices and systems across the enterprise , including distributed offices and data centers . on november 20 , 2013 , the cisco energywise suite ( formerly joulex energy manager solutions ) became orderable on the cisco global price list ( gpl ) .
“we needed a partner who understood joulex’s value proposition , and would in turn help us achieve market coverage , gain market intelligence , and most importantly , generate highly qualified sales opportunities , ” said tim mccormick , vice president of sales and marketing for joulex . “as an early stage company , we needed a team of sales professionals who could quickly help us target the relatively new sustainability market and ramp up sales efforts . ”
faces competition from a variety of companies that want to cut energy cost and consumption in large data centers . some of these — from calxeda to vmware — could be competing in the sense that they want a piece of a data center’s budget . however , they could just as likely turn out to be collaborators whose technology works with joulex solutions . ( calxeda , formerly smooth - stone , shares some investors with joulex . )
[ ed’s note : edited the passage above at 11 : 55 et after initial publication to reflect joulex’s potential to collaborate with other players in this space , while competing for a piece of data center budgets . ]
the thing
right now
for noonan is a green it company called joulex , which is attempting to change the way businesses monitor and manage the power used by it equipment and other devices connected to computer networks .
seeber , previously the iss chief scientist for content security products , and brunner initially founded joulex in march 2008 to solve a security problem , but a sequence of events caused them to switch their focus to energy management .
as ceo , noonan is putting in nearly 90 hours a week , and brought his team to the interop conference in las vegas this week to launch joulex , which had been operating in stealth mode . ( take our interop history quiz . )
, the prospect development firm , announced today it delivered $ 2 million in sales opportunities to atlanta - based software company joulex in 2012 . pointclear was tapped in late 2011 to provide the lead generation , qualification and nurture services energy management solutions provider
joulex ' s approximately 15 customers include swisscom ( which is tracking 300 , 000 devices with energy manager ) , bmw , daimler , and deutsche bank , and noonan has had discussions with officials at google about potentially installing the energy manager in google ' s facilities .
our proposed smart energy solutions integrate and build on current technology , including cisco energywise management ( formerly joulex ) . energywise management monitors , measures , and manages the energy of many ip connected systems . we develop policies and embed them in energywise to drive energy consumption savings on those systems .
the cisco acquisition of joulex helps cisco partners resell cisco energywise services to help your energy - conscious customers control consumption , save money , and boost performance . customers will see how their energy is used , wasted , and saved . they can then turn savings into network and data center business solutions .
joulex – an atlanta tech startup promising a way to cut energy consumption and reduce costs at large data centers by about half– closed a $ 17 million round of financing , the company announced today . investors included : sigma partners , flybridge capital partners and intel capital , along with earlier investors target partners and techoperators .
reaction from customers testing jem drove the development of several new features , according to marc davidson , sustainability officer for the atlanta - based company . for example , a large silicon valley firm that was developing its own energy management system before discovering joulex , deployed jem but ran into some stumbling blocks when trying to get buy - in from its engineers .
in year one , leads representing more than $ 2 million in revenue , generated by pointclear , were in the joulex forecast . “pointclear has delivered the opportunities we need to meet our sales goals . we’re projected to achieve 80 % to 90 % growth next year over this year , thanks in part to the leads generated the first year of our partnership with pointclear , ” mccormick said .
there ' s not a business we ' re familiar with that is asking ' can we have another agent to install on our pcs and servers , '
says tim mccormick , vice president of sales and marketing for joulex .
it just doesn ' t scale , it ' s too costly , you can break things on production equipment . it ' s just fraught full of problems .
following various stages of pilot testing , the jem version 2 . 5 includes features such as opt - in capability , a smart mobile application called joulex mobile that allows workers to turn their electronic devices on or off , and the ability to save energy in the data center with load - adaptive computing , a phrase the company coined to describe the rerouting of resources to specific functions or processes as needed .
pointclear’s efforts yielded a 9 % lead rate on behalf of joulex—significantly higher than the industry benchmark of 4 % to 5 % . the pointclear prospect development associates , who use the phone , email and voicemail to identify leads and nurture prospects , achieved this success because of their experience and sales training , and the fact that all have four - year degrees , levels of qualification not typical at competitive firms .
this week the company released a new version of the application and added a new mobile one that can adjust power consumption – dim lights , turn off devices etc . – based on a users location . joulex also expanded its out - of - the - box it infrastructure support , added support for linux and macintosh operating systems and added new reporting capabilities , such as the ability to automatically identify the biggest power hogs in an enterprise .
joulex is not an early - stage firm . it has had 11 consecutive quarters of revenue growth and a long list of customers including cisco itself as well as bmw , sony , coca cola , equifax , nestle water , schneider electric , danske bank , and deutsche telekom . in 2012 it claimed to have won ,
10 customer orders over six figures , and one over a million [ dollars ] .
the firm added 100 new customers in 2012 .
a standard power management policy that would phase down office devices during regular business hours wouldn ' t work for engineers who might arrive in the afternoon and leave after midnight . so joulex mobile was configured to turn devices on and off based on the engineers ' location . users could also access a portal where they could choose to participate , or opt in , their company ' s program , learn more about energy management and see for themselves how their contributions are boosting the company ' s energy savings .
a german company also turned to jem to reduce energy spending in its data center , which annually cost roughly 600 million euro . like many data centers , the facility constantly burned energy and rarely used all available bandwidth or computing resources , except at certain predictable peak times . working with intel and cisco allowed joulex to dynamically turn off switchers and routers to redirect resources as needed . this resulted in what the company calls increased energy intelligence and visibility that supports a range of it infrastructure devices , including cisco energywise and intel data center manager .
players in the data center efficiency space range include the usual it giants , as well as power equipment giants such as siemens , schneider electric and abb , trane , emerson . on the smaller - company and startup front , we’ve got a long list of contenders such as rf code , powerassure , synapsense , joulex , sentilla and vigilent ( formerly federspiel controls ) that have technology to help sensor , monitor and manage both building equipment assets and it assets , as well as marrying those two sides of the data center into a useful single platform .
key findings of the 2009 pc energy report , commissioned by 1e and the alliance to save energy , reveal that nearly half of u . s . employees who use a pc at work don’t shut down their computers at the end of the day , wasting $ 2 . 8 billion every year powering 108 million unused pcs .
by shutting down computers each night , for example , a company with 10 , 000 pcs can save more than $ 165 , 000 a year in energy costs , according to the study . in the u . s . this translates into more than $ 1 . 72 billion and nearly 15 million tons of co2 emissions .
kateri callahan , president of the alliance to save energy , says powering down idle pcs can provide a way for businesses to reduce overhead costs and their environmental impact .
1e and the alliance to save energy commissioned harris interactive to conduct two surveys in the u . s . , u . k . and germany to show how organizations can cut energy costs and reduce their carbon footprint by better understanding user behavior in the workplace .
data collected between september and october 2008 reveals that more than one - third of employees in the u . k . ( 38 percent ) , 32 percent of u . s . employees and 17 percent of german employees who use a pc at work said they either have no idea what power scheme settings are , or how to change the power settings on their pcs .
the survey also reveals that u . s . employees power down to make sure their pcs work properly and to comply with company policy , not because they are interested in saving money . in addition , findings show that only 10 percent of u . s . respondents power down their computers at the end of the day because of the environment , compared to 27 percent of u . k . respondents .
of these , more than nine in 10 power down their home pc at least sometimes when they have finished using it — 93 percent in the u . s . , 96 percent in the u . k . , and 96 percent in germany , according to the report . a greater number of respondents in the u . k . ( 78 percent ) and germany ( 78 percent ) are more likely than those in the u . s . ( 63 percent ) to always power down their home pcs .
the survey also indicates that 63 percent of u . s . employees feel their companies should be doing more to reduce power consumption . in comparison , 67 percent of respondents in the u . k . and 58 percent in germany believe their companies should be doing more . click here to download the u . s . and u . k . reports .
desktop workstations can be a serious power drain for big companies , too . converting to laptops can help ease the energy usage .
most employees are instructed to not turn off their computers so that automatic updates ( e . g . antivirus , software and operating system patches ) can run at night so as to not affect their work during business hours . since most new ( er ) computers have energy - saving modes , the actual energy “waste” is not as much as estimated .
the 2009 pc energy report has one major flaw . turning the pc off each night requires booting the software each day – not a trivial amount of time . allowing only 2 minutes of time to start the pc 4 days a week will incur a labor cost of $ 20 billion for the 108 million pc’s that were mentioned in the report . therefore businesses can save $ 2 . 8 billion in electricity if they are willing to lose an additional $ 18 billion in wages . that is calculated at an annual salary of $ 50 , 000 per year fully burdened with fringe benefits . if it takes 10 minutes to start the pc and software the labor cost soars to over $ 100 billion ! ! !
sleep and hibernate are very effective solutions in office environments for users with a persistent relationship with the pc . it can , however , be very difficult for administrators to centrally configure power management . this makes it hard to enforce enterprise wide power and can lead to a high level of energy waste . companies like 1e , data synergy and verdiem provide software solutions that solve this problem . for instance data synergy’s ( www . datasynergy . co . uk ) powerman product allows an administrator to remotely configure multiple power policies on a per - user , per - machine and even per - time basis . if necessary the policies can be enforced and , uniquely , the product includes a historical reporting feature that can measure success and highlight problems . the tool is proving very popular in larger organisations and in particular the public sector
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this is a good sign - - a healthy venture capital multiple in a green it and energy management acquisition by cisco .
ibm bought noonan ' s previous firm , isis , for $ 1 . 5 billion .
less software is our biggest differentiator ,
ceo tom noonan told us in an earlier interview , adding that the system is partly based around concepts from the way security software is deployed .
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“a few projects of note are carving out a path for the future of the internet of everything in power consumption savings through the use of sensors , ” explains clif deanhardt , cisco architect , global infrastructure services . while some initiatives are already in flight , the smart energy deployment , in pilot phase , tracks energy use and savings in areas where our policies have been introduced . currently , 1977 devices are being tracked for energy consumption in our tokyo campus , including :
cisco replaced approximately 295 lcd monitors in its tokyo site with lcds using poe technology . passing electrical power along with data over ethernet cabling allows us to monitor power consumption and control systems through policy . in the late evening , for example , ports can be set to automatically shut off rather than going into standby mode , which saves approximately us $ 1800 annually in energy costs . the realized annual energy savings from using these policies are approximately 64 , 000kwh or us $ 24 , 000 .
“our story is about interconnectivity , ” says deanhardt . “it’s about the network . being a network - driven company , more devices are going to be connected to the network and powered by the network . part of our advantage is that we’re unifying the management of all connected devices into one interface . ”
at a high level , smart energy horizontally integrates into all our architectures , from data centers to unified communications , all of which are powered by electricity ( see figure 1 ) . by examining the hardware involved in switching the routers , access points to telephone and telepresence systems , we can track how much energy these systems are consuming . changing the way those systems are powered through power schedules helps to reduce overhead costs .
energy is one of the largest unmanaged expenses in any organization ( see figure 2 ) . organizations worldwide are quickly discovering the power of enterprise energy management systems for gaining detailed visibility and control , the vast majority of which is composed of it equipment . the implementation of smart energy management enables better business decisions and lower operational expenses .
from a cost perspective , our data center operation teams have installed intelligent power strips to monitor all power consumption , and enable better management and logistics .
“we use these power strips for reporting and governance . they offer us increased efficiency and data center resiliency . the monitors allow us to manage the data center’s electrical load more effectively , ” says deanhardt .
“smart energy is one of the first uses that comes to people’s mind when they think about the internet of everything , which has led to a lot of innovation in that space , ” says deanhardt . “we will continue to build on our smart energy initiatives to both reduce our carbon footprint and reallocate savings to other areas of the company . ”
to read additional cisco it case studies about a variety of business solutions , visit cisco on cisco : inside cisco it .
to view cisco it webinars and events about related topics , visit cisco on cisco webinars & events .
this publication describes how cisco has benefited from the deployment of its own products . many factors may have contributed to the results and benefits described . cisco does not guarantee comparable results elsewhere .
cisco provides this publication as is without warranty of any kind , either express or implied , including the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose .
some jurisdictions do not allow disclaimer of express or implied warranties ; therefore , this disclaimer may not apply to you .
the u . s . epa has not updated national statistics about how much power data centers are using in the country , in years . however , in 2007 the agency estimated that in a year , the nation’s servers and data centers consumed about 61 billion kilowatt - hours ( kwh ) or 1 . 5 percent of total u . s . electricity , costing around $ 4 . 5 billion for electricity alone . the epa at that time , predicted national energy consumption by servers and data centers would double by 2011 to more than 100 billion kwh , representing a $ 7 . 4 billion annual electricity cost .
a recent survey by the uptime institute found 36 percent of data center operators and owners believe they’ll run out of space to add the power and cooling systems they need in their facilities by the end of 2012 .
it’s not really a surprise that it infrastructure is pushed to the limit , and energy consumption by data centers is on the rise , now . in general , businesses are relying more heavily on it for operations , telecommuting and the like , and consumers’ appetite for features that require greater bandwidth and storage capacity — like mobile video , real - time data access and personal data storage in the cloud— is on the rise .
“…measur [ es ] dynamic energy consumption and utilization of any device attached to the network , and supports devices such as physical and virtual servers , core routers and switches , storage , power distribution units ( pdus ) and others . ”
it was 2006 , and tom noonan had it all . internet security systems ( iss ) , the company he co - founded and led as ceo , was pulling in $ 400 million in annual revenue and on the verge of being acquired by ibm for a whopping $ 1 . 3 billion .
but instead of reveling in it vendor glory , if there is such a thing , noonan was reminiscing about the early 1990s when fellow iss co - founder christopher klaus lived above noonan ' s garage in atlanta , and the two started building what would become one of the biggest organizations in tech security .
all the damn sarbanes - oxley meetings and discussions with lawyers and cfos ,
noonan says now , when looking back at iss ' s final days .
it wasn ' t nearly as fun . it was much bigger . we were much more famous . we were much richer . but it wasn ' t as much fun . i mean right now , this is where the fun is .
prepare to become a certified information security systems professional with this comprehensive online course from pluralsight . now offering a 10 - day free trial !
until about 20 months ago , noonan was a senior executive at big blue , helping integrate iss into the mammoth , 350 , 000 employee - strong ibm . it wasn ' t for him .
we sold iss to ibm . i had integrated the company and [ completed ] my commitment to ibm ,
noonan says .
it ' s a different experience . it ' s not stifling for them because all that protocol is the way they operate a company of 350 , 000 people and i completely understand it , but it ' s not a game i wanted to play . at 45 years old i did not want to start a career at ibm .
since leaving ibm , noonan has started a venture firm called tech operators that is investing in 27 companies , and helped start endgame systems , which makes software vulnerability analysis tools and other security technology .
they were working on a security problem for a large smart meter company in europe ,
noonan explains .
the more they looked at data , the more they realized that the power consumption of an unoccupied , unproductive building is about exactly the same as a productive , occupied building . the thought changed from security to power management . clearly , something inside these buildings was consuming huge amounts of power and it didn ' t take a rocket scientists to figure out it was the it infrastructure .
at siemens ,
when the employee badges in in the morning , everything associated with that employee is turned on , their lights , their pc , their monitor , their printer , their wireless access points in their area ,
noonan says .
when they badge out it ' s all turned off . and if they don ' t come back for a month it won ' t turn on for a month .
they ' re very interested in it because not only do they have data centers but they ' ve got literally hundreds of thousands of ip - connected devices operating across their office networks ,
noonan says .
we ' re trying to structure the pricing model so that it ' s almost a no - brainer , meaning every day you don ' t use this you ' re spending more money than you need to ,
noonan says .
although noonan ' s focus today is green it , he ' s keeping close tabs on the tech industry as a whole . he says healthcare technology is another market primed for growth . and security , where noonan had his biggest success , still has room for new innovation , particularly when it comes to improving the safety of cloud computing and virtualization , he says .
noonan seemed excited to be back at interop , the network technology conference where he delivered keynote addresses in 2005 , 2006 , and 2007 . now he ' s hawking his product on the show floor in what interop calls
startup city .
noonan talked of
staying up all night , talking and drinking ,
but he says he won ' t actually place any bets .
i ' m not much of a gambler . i do all of my gambling in technology ,
noonan says .
as many times as i ' ve been to vegas i ' ve never gambled once . i am the classic reason why vegas hates to host technology people .
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in addition to the ability to identify an organization ' s most energy - intensive devices , jem 2 . 5 includes a new dashboard with real - time and baseline charts that allows users to look at carbon and monetary savings by location or region . jem 2 . 5 also supports a range of it infrastructure devices , including cisco energywise api , intel data center manager and node manager , vmware vcenter , mac power management and winrm .
other success stories include an atlanta - based financial services firm that used jem to make the business case for upgrading its pc fleet . the company had wanted to upgrade pcs for three years but the effort stalled during the economic recession . jem , however , allowed the company to use its energy simulation tool to forecast the amount of energy and money it would save by replacing some 10 , 000 pcs , which each consumed 250 watts of power , with new machines that pulled in 45 watts . the information was used to calculate the project ' s roi for the capital request .
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one particularly cool feature : you can calculate roi of replacing old equipment equipment with newer , more efficient equipment .
“good ideas don’t come from restless minds . instead , it’s essential to have a relaxed and peaceful mind , so that you have room for ideation . when i have an idea , i write it down then i envision ‘how it works . ’ from there , i run it by a few people i trust and see if they can grasp it . and i always run my ideas by a young person – they have valuable insight ! ” – star cuningham
cunningham is the founder of 4d healthware . 4d healthware , located in the chicago - based startup accelerator 1871 , is patient engagement software that makes personalized medicine possible through connected data . prior to 4d healthware , cunningham was an ibm tiger team leader , leading massively complex multi - million dollar projects around the world . star received her mba from northwestern university’s kellogg school of management in 2001 , and an undergraduate degree in computer science , business administration and economics from heidelberg college .
“i have long suffered from chronic conditions that require close monitoring of medications , lifestyle factors and exercise habits . so , dealing with this first - hand , i realized the immense challenges that healthcare faced . following my last position with ibm , i wanted to transition from technology into the healthcare sector . i interviewed for numerous positions , but wasn’t hired because i didn’t have the typical healthcare background . i don’t see healthcare as a healthcare problem , i see it as a data problem . ”
mark cooper is co - founder of offerpop , the most widely used social marketing platform .
mark has helped launch an array of online , mobile and media businesses , including the first tv product placement ratings service ( nielsen iag ) and the wireless industry’s first mobile virtual network operator ( espn mobile ) . he began his career building brand campaigns for leading consumer marketers in the us and asia / pacific , including nike , general mills and apple . he holds a bachelors of arts from brown university . mark is a regular contributor to american express open forum , wired , & social media today .
“my co - founders and i have been forming tech businesses since the late 1990s , so we’ve seen a lot of trends come and go . when social media started exploding , we saw that it was more than a trend ; it was a disruption . so we launched offerpop in mid 2010 to help brands keep pace with these shifts . we introduced super easy - to - use apps for facebook and twitter that helped brands build an active social audience .
in january 2011 , audi used us to launch the first twitter campaign ever promoted during the super bowl . since then , we’ve evolved our platform to include 20 campaign apps , full mobile support , and powerful features that leverage social data . these days , our customers run around 4 , 000 to 5 , 000 campaigns on our platform every week . ”
david c . drummond is google ' s senior vice president of corporate development and chief legal officer since january 2006 . in this role , drummond works with the management team to evaluate and drive new strategic business opportunities , including strategic alliances and mergers and acquisitions . he also serves as google ' s general counsel .
previously , he had served as vice president of corporate development and general counsel since february 2002 . drummond owns just over one million shares and options of google stock with a value in the area of $ 500 .
mr . drummond was first introduced to google in 1998 as a partner in the corporate transactions group at wilson , sonsini , goodrich and rosati , one of the nation ' s leading law firms representing technology businesses . mr . drummond served as google ' s first outside counsel , and worked with larry page and sergey brin to incorporate the company and secure its initial rounds of financing .
during his tenure at wilson sonsini , he worked with a wide variety of technology companies , advising them on all aspects of their business and financial activities and helping them manage complex transactions such as mergers , acquisitions and initial public offerings .
immediately prior to joining google , mr . drummond served as executive vice president finance and chief financial officer for smartforce , where he helped transform the publicly traded company into the world ' s largest e - learning company .
growing up , mr . drummond would spend his afternoons helping his mom shelve and organize the books at their independent bookstore .
mr . drummond earned his bachelor of arts degree in history from santa clara university and his j . d . from stanford law school .
“i was a partner in a big law firm in palo alto , sort of the heart of silicon valley , and i got a call one day in the summer of 1998 from an old client of the firm , and it said there are a couple of computer science students at stanford , graduate students who have built some search engine , and they ' re looking for a lawyer . you should meet with them . and that turned out to be larry page and sergey brin , and so i met with them , and we sort of hit it off . ”
“and so i set up the company for them back in september of 1998 . so the document that creates google actually has my signature on it , which has caused our chairman of our board , when he introduces me places , he often calls me the real founder of google . ”
pharrell williams has become a leading force in popular music as a performer , songwriter and producer . he first got into music at a young age .
as a kid , my aunt and i used to sit in front of the stereo and just play records ,
williams explained to cosmogirl magazine . one of the first albums he bought was by hip - hop group a tribe called quest .
the eldest of three sons , williams started out by tapping rhythms on school desks . he attended princess anne high school where he felt somewhat out of place . as he told the london evening standard ,
i lived in normalville usa and i didn ' t look like the average kid .
williams eventually teamed up with friend chad hugo . the pair started performing together and later became the acclaimed producing duo the neptunes . another one of williams ' early breaks came thanks to producer teddy riley , who asked him to contribute to
rump shaker
by wreckx - n - effect in the early 1990s .
as the neptunes , williams and hugo first broke through as a producing duo for such rap artists as ol ' dirty bastard and jay - z . they then branched out into pop music , working with the likes of britney spears and usher . williams also started performing , making guest vocal appearances on such songs as
excuse me miss
by jay - z . in 2003 , williams made his first solo effort with the song
frontin ' .
williams and hugo also picked up their first grammy awards—for their work on justin timberlake ' s 2002 justified album and for producer of the year , non - classical .
with hugo and shae haley , williams found success with the rap - rock act n . e . r . d . ( which stands for nothing ever really dies ) . the group put out several well - received albums , including seeing sounds ( 2008 ) . williams also released his first solo album , 2006 ' s in my mind , and branched out into film in 2010 by creating the score for the animated hit despicable me .
in 2013 , williams was instrumental in making two mega - hits : robin thicke ' s
blurred lines
and daft punk ' s
get lucky .
( he co - wrote and sang on both of those tracks . ) the following year , he earned individual grammys for record of the year with
get lucky
and album of the year for contributing to daft punk ' s random access memories . williams also won for best pop duo / group performance and again for producer of the year , non - classical .
also in 2013 , williams reached the top of the charts with a solo effort—
happy
from the despicable me 2 soundtrack , with the track staying at no . 1 for weeks and setting a billboard record as a crossover chart phenomenon .
happy
also earned williams his first academy award nomination , with the singer / producer performing the song live on the oscar telecast and serenading actress nominees amy adams , lupita n ' yongo and meryl streep in the audience . that same year , he released his second solo album , g i r l . and early 2015 saw more accolades for
happy ,
with a visibly surprised williams earning a grammy for best pop solo performance for a live version of the song , along with best music video . g i r l also won for best urban contemporary album .
besides music , williams is also passionate about design . he co - founded two fashion labels—billionaire boys club and ice cream—with tomoaki
nigo
nagao . working with marc jacobs , williams has also designed a line of sunglasses . and he joined forces with the adidas brand in 2014 . the clothing made with adidas will feature fabrics from bionic yarn , a textile company owned by williams .
in addition to fashion , williams has sought out different types of media projects . he signed on to act as creative director for karmaloop tv in 2011 , also investing in this effort to produce programming for young fashion - forward and tech - oriented viewers across different platforms , including the web .
in september 2014 , williams joined adam levine , blake shelton and fellow rookie coach gwen stefani ( whom he worked with on no . 1 hit
hollaback girl
) on the singing competition tv series the voice . he continued as a coach on the show during winter and spring the following year . then in early october 2015 , williams released a children ' s picture book , happy , inspired by his award - winning song . the title hit the new york times best sellers list .
natalie maria cole was born on february 6 , 1950 , to vocal legend nat king cole and jazz singer maria cole in los angeles , california . growing up with talented and renowned parents , cole was raised in an environment that nurtured her natural musical ability . at the age of 6 , she recorded
i ' m good will , your christmas spirit
with her father , and by age 11 , the young songstress had begun performing in the community .
natalie cole ' s world suddenly changed when she was 15 years old : in february 1965 , her father died of cancer . the tragedy put a strain on cole ' s relationship with her mother . later that same year , her mother moved the family to massachusetts , where natalie attended northfield mount hermon high school .
although a career in music would be an obvious choice for cole , she set her sights on something different : following high school , she enrolled at the university of massachusetts amherst , where she majored in child psychology . she briefly transferred to the university of southern california , where she pledged the upsilon chapter of the delta sigma theta sorority . her time at usc was short - lived , however , as she soon transferred back to the university of massachusetts amherst , where she earned a bachelor ' s degree in 1972 .


the crimea railway ( russian : крымская железная дорога ) is located in the city of sevastopol , republic of crimea .

it was founded by units of the crimean directorate of ukrainian cisdnieper railways in 2014 following the 2014 russian annexation of crimea .

crimea railway

for the first time the trains of reassigned crimea railway , were painted over . the emblem of ukraine and the logo of
the italian railway company is literary self - contained . they bring along everything they need from italy , in railway compartments . the only thing not on wheels is the gym .
crimea is a subject to territorial dispute between ukraine and russia . most western governments advise against all visits to crimea .
kherson - while not part of crimea , crimea ' s ukranian presidential representative moved kherson , and kherson now serves as the de jure administrative center for the autonomous republic of crimea .
for a time , train services continued to be provided by ukrainian railways , albeit with border controls for entry to / exit from crimea . however , by 2015 , all rail traffic between crimea and the remainder of ukraine had been suspended . trains within crimea are now operated by crimea railway . a train ferry across the kerch strait connects port krim in crimea with port kavkaz in russia proper .
a huge 115 - foot railway arch in the channel connecting russia and crimea has been completed as the 12 - mile rail - road bridge begins to take shape .
russian engineers are installing a giant railway arch in the channel between russia and crimea , as a 19km ( 12 - mile ) road - rail bridge takes shape .
john goodchild , wakefield historian , suggests that two tank locomotives , built in leeds , for a colliery railway in wakefield ( running from what is now the national mining museum ) to the mainline were seconded by the government for use in the crimea , the colliery railway then having to rely on horses . robbins in his paper on the railway suggests that the first two locomotives were second - hand from a colliery railway belonging to sir john lister kaye ( thus confirmed by goodchild ) which were overhauled at the railway foundry in leeds before being sent to the front .
in typical victorian fashion , the longer the title of the railway company , the shorter the route mileage .
in russian and ukrainian ) was a military railway constructed by british forces during the crimean war in 1855 . it was built to indian ( 1675mm ) gauge to take advantage of equipment then under construction for the subcontinent which could readily be diverted to crimea . the completed railway totalled about 23 km . on the cessation of hostilities the following year , the railway was dismantled and all its assets dispersed .
the bridge consists of two parallel structures for automobile and railway traffic . for the railway section , engineers have designed a special combination of superstructure , open main trusses and arch to ensure the required reliability of the bridge .
. additionally , there are signaling , communications and electrification tracks . the crimea railway does not have its own railway track machine ( pms ) for laying down a new track . until 2014 , the stations of the directorate worked mostly on unloading , thus providing the major portion of the annual transshipment ports of
one could tend to believe that the railway company is a relatively fresh unit , but this is not the case .
march 15 , 2014 as a result of the annexation of crimea by russia actually came under the management of russian railways called
fsue
crimea railway
. location management – simferopol station . other major stations – dzhankoy , sevastopol , evpatoria resort , feodosia and kerch .
1954 . the crimea region is transferred to ukraine by soviet premier nikita khrushchev .
crimean crisis in the summer of 2014 passenger traffic increased several times since the railway management activities provided in the most popular area with tourists – in the crimea . after the cessation of december 27 , 2014 of passenger and freight traffic from mainland ukraine crimea railroad started to play only local significance .
this article says that there are plans to connect simferopol and kerch with a direct railway link , without the detour through dzhankoy .
our regiment was founded during the crimea war in 1855 . first as a part of the engineer regiment , but in 1871 we became a specialised unit ,
says postiglione . in kosovo the railway company is mainly occupied with fixing the rails all over kosovo . comkfor lt . gen . juan ortuo held his midst of tour speech in a railway carriage on its way from kosovo polje to prizren . it was the italian railway company who repaired this railroad connection .
crimea is reachable by car from the kherson region of ukraine and from the krasnodar region of russia across the crimean bridge which links kerch in crimea with taman in russia .
vol 1 ( may 1953 ) , pp . 28 - 43 , which provides a complete chronology and detailed history of the railway .
railway communication between the crimean peninsula and the mainland empire was opened only in 1875 . built russian tycoon pi gubonin sevastopol railway linking the station lozova , which at that time was connected with kharkov and moscow . in 1895 the railway was also laid to yalta and feodosia . in the late 1880s – early 1900s was seen as the railway construction project from sevastopol to yalta , but the days of the empire he was not realized , as in soviet times , was recognized as dangerous due to the high seismicity of the region . [ 1 ]
- one of the train ferries is in crimea and another route is in kavkaz kerch .
west crimea regional line : base map by maximilian dörrbecker under cc 2 . 0 licence …
russian engineers have begun a 72 - hour moving operation to position a 227 - meter - long railway arch for the crimea bridge on the piers located in the kerch strait in what is regarded as a “unique operation” in global bridge building .
of 12 november 1940 notes that two of the engines sent out to the crimea were still in existance , in buenos aires . they were purchased second - hand by peto and brassey for building the buenos aires great southern railway in 1857 . according to
in crimea itself , forces allied to russia have been seizing ukrainian ships and taking over military bases .
all roads coming to crimea leads to simferopol , it is the undisputed transport hub of the region .
william howard russell , dublin - born london times correspondent , photographed in the crimea by roger fenton .
a huge 6 , 000 - tonne railway arch was hauled into place 35 metres ( 115ft ) above the sea , in an operation involving hundreds of workers .
carries an advertisement selling the railway in lots . this , therefore , would support the claim that locomotives , rolling stock and track found their way to argentina .
the eu and us have ratcheted up sanctions on russia since first imposing restrictions over the seizure of crimea .
ruth maclennan ' s film theodosia is a good introduction to the place of crimea in the russian psyche .
ukraine and western governments accuse russia of crushing political opposition in crimea , whose leadership is solidly loyal to president vladimir putin . ethnic russians are the majority group in crimea , which used to be part of imperial russia .
there are 257 rivers on the territory of the crimea . the longest river of the crimea is salgir - 220 km . the most full - flowing - belbek ( water consumption - 1500 liters per second ) . there are more than 50 saline lakes in the crimea . the largest is lake sasyk - sivash - 205 km² .
two new lines into the crimea were proposed here earlier . the proposed kiev – crimea high - speed rail line ( hsl ) would follow the existing line from kherson . it would run directly from the perekop isthmus to simferopol , by - passing dzhankoy . the other is a kharkov – melitopol – crimea hsl , through dzhankoy . these would duplicate the function of the existing lines into crimea , but with much higher speed and better quality .
that decision triggered violent protests , mr yanukovych ' s eventual overthrow and russia ' s subsequent move into crimea .
russia sees the bridge as a key strategic tool for developing crimea , more efficient than the current ferry service .
on 20 february 2014 russian federation attacked crimea , ukraine . map tells story about war in ukraine and eastern europe
russian engineers have completed a key phase of a bridge that will link the annexed crimea peninsula to mainland russia .
the first public railway in crimea was opened by the russian empire in 1869 , connecting the principal city and major port of sevastopol with kharkov / kharkiv , and ultimately via kursk to moscow . it was built to russian ( 1520mm ) gauge , as were later lines in the region .
crimea ' s land border with ukraine is tense and heavily militarised , making cross - border deliveries slow and difficult .
since december 2014 there are no trains from ukraine to crimea . the only train from russia crosses by kerch ferry .
crimea is a disputed region claimed by both ukraine and russia as part of either southern ukraine or southwestern russia . although most of the international community doesn ' t recognize crimea as part of russia , it is de facto controlled by russia .
. whilst cooke has used the archival material in the national archives he has not read contemporary newspaper accounts , technical journals nor consulted the archives of the major railway locomotive constructors . therefore , there is scope for a new book , or at least a paper , identifying the locomotives used in the crimea .
mr putin ordered fireworks displays for moscow and crimea on friday night to celebrate the region becoming part of the russian federation .
in 1954 , crimea became part of the ukrainian ssr and hence part of ukraine on the dissolution of the soviet union .
the climate in the crimea can be characterized as moderate . winter is warm enough , and summer - hot and arid .
russian president vladimir putin announced the construction of the bridge in the immediate aftermath of the 2014 annexation of crimea by russia .
, which was ceded a large part ceased to exist crimean directorate . in the course of events spring 2014 from crimea to mainland ukraine exported all new railway equipment , including passenger locomotives chs7 , track machines and cars of the new series . the places of the former crimean directorate , remaining on the territory of
crimean directorate of railway transportation – directorate of near - dnipro railways ( branch of ukrzaliznytsya ) . management services to the autonomous republic of crimea and sevastopol . by march 2014 also south - eastern part of kherson and south - western parts of zaporozhye region . in the management of living about 2 . 5 million people .
crimea is linked to ukraine by a narrow isthmus , but is separated from russia by the kerch strait . currently the only routes to crimea from mainland russia are by plane or a ferry across the strait , which is often cancelled due to bad weather .
states that
the alliance
was shipped from the railway foundry via southampton to the crimea in its edition of 8 september 1855 . she was
a small locomotive
. . .
what is a called a tank locomotive so that it carries all the water and fuel it requires on the body of the engine
.
the new authorities in crimea have invited those serving in the ukrainian forces on the peninsula to switch sides and join the russian military .
on the basis of units of crimean directorate of ukrainian near - dnipro railways , located on the territory of the republic of crimea .
ukrainian . in decidedly and staunchly pro - moscow crimea , you might be met with a degree of hostility if you speak ukrainian .
the crimea favorably differs from similar resorts due to its rich nature , mild climate , good location and , of course , accessibility .
chilean poet and politician pablo neruda traveled a lot around the world . while visiting the crimea he said one of his famous phrases :
when you get to crimea you can buy the local guide book
time to come to crimea !
( in both english , russian and ukrainian ) at many of the small booths on the street . for your reading entertainment here are some quotes from the book :
a bridge across the strait of kerch has been planned for decades . it would link the crimea to the caucasus , avoiding a very long detour around the sea of azov . after the recent annexation of the crimea , planning work has been accelerated : it also has military - strategic value . ( in fact there was a temporary bridge in 1944 , built by the red army for the crimea campaign ) .
for the first time on the crimean peninsula railway was in 1854–1856 years between sevastopol and balaklava , when the region during the crimean war was under the tutelage of the uk . [ 1 ] railroad freight shipped from balaklava bay to the front . but in 1856 , when the united kingdom in accordance with the paris peace had to give sevastopol russians railway was dismantled by the british away and rails sold to turkey .
the grand crimean central railway was constructed by messrs peto & brassey to link the port at balaklava with the british camp on the uplands . it used inclined plains to reach the hieghts , and locomotives thereafter .
, the latter occupied and annexed by russia and in 2014 ) , and one autonomous republic ( crimea , similarly annexed in 2014 ) .
the crimea ( the crimean peninsula ) is located in the south - west of russia . there situated the autonomous republic of crimea . the crimea is a peninsula on the northern coast of the black sea in eastern europe which is washed by the azov sea from the northeast . it is connected with the mainland in the north by the perekop isthmus and in the east it’s divided by the kerch strait with the taman peninsula .
president vladimir putin has signed a law formalising russia ' s takeover of crimea from ukraine , despite fresh sanctions from the eu and the us .
in crimea , pro - russian forces seized government buildings , and in closed - door ( and reportedly invalid ) votes crimea ' s prime minister was replaced and a referendum on joining russia scheduled . local
self - defense
forces in conjunction with thinly disguised russian military forces seized key facilities and surrounded ukrainian bases in crimea . the march referendum ' s reported turnout ( 80 % ) and result ( 99 % in favor of joining russia ) was implausible given crimea ' s political history and ethnic makeup . russia quickly annexed the region , and the outnumbered ukrainian military withdrew .
in otherwords , the frist two engines sent out to the crimea were second - hand 2 - 4 - 0s , originally intended for the colliery railway of sir john lister kaye . they were overhauled in leeds before being sent to the crimea via southampton . a further two , larger , 0 - 6 - 0 locomotives followed , also from leeds as the original two locomotives had proved too small .
alliance
, and possibly her sister
victory
were therefore 0 - 6 - 0 tank locomotives .
irish engineers and navvies also worked on the new roads and the railway in the crimea . the chief engineers of both the road and railway projects , william doyne and james beatty , were irish . one of the most unusual aspects of this irish civilian involvement was the participation of members of the irish constabulary , who worked as military police with the mounted staff corps and also with the commissariat department . in january 1855 a letter written by sub - constable richard bradshaw from the irish constabulary barracks in kilkenny was published in the times . in it he described the misery of camp life at balaclava :
27 - 28 feb : pro - russian gunmen seize key buildings in crimea . parliament , under siege , appoints pro - moscow sergei aksyonov a pm
it is a flagship political project , as russia claims ukraine ' s crimea peninsula - which it annexed in march 2014 - as its own territory .
balaklava - famous for the crimea war of the 1850s , the infamous charge of the light brigade and home to a former secret soviet submarine base .
except for the southern steppes and in crimea , where yearly average temperatures range from 50 to 56 degrees fahrenheit ( 10 to 13 degrees celsius ) .
in ancient times , the population of the crimea included taurians , scythians , greeks . after them the romans , byzantines , genoese and tatars settled on the peninsula . in 1783 the crimea became a part of the russian empire and its population was replenished by russians , ukrainians , greeks and colonists of other nationalities . this can be explained by the fact that the crimea was located on a crossroads of sea and land trade routes for many centuries .
these railways were built to link crimea to the russian empire , not as an internal network for crimea itself . the only ‘internal’ line runs from simferopol to yevpatoria . there is no east - west line on the peninsula , and despite its status as tourist destination , there is no line along the coast .
after the annexation , russian officials looked at various options for connecting crimea to the russian mainland , including a tunnel , but eventually settled on a bridge .
you can get anywhere in crimea and some major ukrainian and russian cities by bus . online booking can be done using state - operated electronic ticket system .
since its independence , ukraine has experienced unrest in some of the predominantly russian areas in the east and southeast . crimea is the most notable example , declaring independence on 6 may 1992 . at the same time the russian parliament approved a resolution that declared the 1954 soviet grant of the crimea to ukraine unconstitutional and void . this resolution , however , was rejected by russian president boris yeltsin . demands for secession in crimea have continued to complicate ukrainian - russian relations .
the weather in crimea during the summer season is very much mediterranean . expect relatively hot weather and lots of thunderstorms that come and go . hot and very humid at night . in the winter snow can cover the mountains and make the roads almost impassable . however it almost never snows on the southern coast of crimea .
one of the best places in crimea . small city between alushta and partenit . climate is very similar to french riviera . gorgeous views and clean warm sea .
among those who plan to re - visit the resorts of crimea , 53 percent said that they were satisfied with the infrastructure and the cleanliness of the region .
ukraine is divided into 24 administrative regions ( oblasts ) plus the autonomous republic of crimea . in addition , the cities of kiev , the capital of ukraine , and sevastopol , capital of crimea , enjoy oblast status . the oblast is divided into districts , each of which has a representative in the rada ( supreme council ) .
the fauna of the crimea is a unique complex of species with a high level of isolation from other geographically adjacent faunas of the caucasus and the balkans . it characterized by a high level of endemism ( a combination of mountain forest and lowland - steppe faunal complexes ) . many local species can be found only in the crimea .
ukraine ' s regional ethnographic cultures , not always congruent with oblast boundaries are : donbas , slobozhanshchyna , zaporizhzhya , steppes ukraine , poltava , cherkasy , polissya , podillya , volyn , halychyna , bukovyna , transcarpathia , and crimea . crimean tatar culture predominates in crimea , and the hutsul highlanders live in halychyna , bukovyna , and transcarpathia .
tourism is the main sector of the crimean economy , and the main generator of passenger traffic , since the 19th century . almost all the tourist resorts are on the south coast , but the mountainous terrain with coastal cliffs prevented construction of a coastal railway .
the territorial predecessor of the modern crimean railways was the crimean directorate of near - dnipro railways in ukraine and ukrainian soviet socialist republic . until 15 march 2014 , the directorate obeyed near - dnipro railways , after which agreement was reached on its resubmission of the council of ministers of the republic of crimea following the 2014 russian annexation of crimea .
deputy head of the federal tourism agency alexei konyushkov , speaking at the krasnoyarsk economic forum , proposed to increase the tourist season in the republic of crimea . according to the official , there is no sufficient demand for holidays in the crimea during the summer period . therefore , one must find an alternative way to attract russians to the region .
the observers will not go to crimea but german foreign minister frank - walter steinmeier said the decision was
a step that helps to support our de - escalation efforts
.
the peninsula is not connected with the mainland of russia . but there will be built a car bridge by the 2019 , which will connect it to the mainland of russia through the kerch strait . it will be joined by the railway bridge by the end of 2020 .
when a lot of soldiers abroad might get homesick at the thought of the atmosphere back home , some just take it with them when they leave . like the italian railway company for example . they have everything they need to fulfil their mission in railway compartments . the kitchen , offices , the briefing room , infirmary , a laundry room , conference rooms , mess hall , aggregates , water pumps and storage rooms . just to mention some . according to company commander cpt . luigi postiglione this means the company is able to move at very short notice :
the speakers of russia ' s two houses of parliament , valentina matviyenko and sergei naryshkin - both at mr putin ' s side as he signed the crimea law - are also included .
( vol 14 ) , 1908 confirms
la portena
and her sister were supplied by e b wilson - hudswell , calrke & co . having been used in the crimea . the
this is the first article in the series about the crimea , in which i’ll describe geography , history , culture , tourism , politics , etc . of this region of the russian federation .
for russia , the bridge is both a practical necessity to provide infrastructure links to the annexed peninsula , and a symbolic move meant to show that moscow has no intention of giving up control over crimea any time soon . russian officials hope the bridge will make it easier for russian tourists to holiday in crimea , and for crimean wines and produce to be transported to mainland russia for sale .
[ the railway ] taking along their waggons , both loaded and empty , their names are
alliance
,
victory
and
swan
. the first two have four flags painted on each side , the two most prominent being the english union jack and the french tricolour .
on 30 march 2014 at 03 : 00 , when it would normally have changed to eastern european summer time , crimea advanced the clocks even more to be in the same time zone as moscow .
the crimea is a unique territory , combining picturesque landscapes and various medicinal resources in a very small area . in the main , this can be explained by its geographical position , relief and climate .
in 1927 states that
la portena
arrived in buenos aires along with rolling stock and track from the crimea ; the five passenger carriages were described as looking like
london omnibus carriages
.
…the engine which leaves here for southampton to - day has had a thorough renovation and repainted at the railway foundry . her
iron sides
are adorned with the english , french , sardinian , and turkish war flags , conspicuously painted thereon , and she is called the
alliance
…
the total population of the crimea is 2 400 000 . ( that includes sevastopol , which was not part of ukrainian crimea ) . the population is concentrated in the south , along the flanks of the crimean mountains . the north is relatively flat , with low population density and only 20 % of total population . all the main cities already have a station , but some lines are of poor quality .
earlier , the association of russian tour operators provided positive data about the perception of holidays in the crimea . most of the tourists , who went to the crimea in 2015 ( 92 % ) , said that they would be willing to go there again in 2016 . only six percent of respondents have not yet decided on the future holiday destination , whereas two percent intend to choose another place for holidays .
the crimean ( or kerch ) bridge boasts two arch - shaped spanning 227 meters , a railway weighing 6 , 000 tonnes and a highway weighing 1 , 000 tonnes . after the installation of the 35 metre arch , it will ensure a passage for ships giving vessels 185 meters of free water to pass through
the crimean ( or kerch ) bridge two arch - shaped spans of 227 metres long , a railway weighing 6 , 000 tonnes and a highway weighing 1 , 000 tonnes , after installation on the height of 35 metres from the water surface will ensure passage of ships through 185 metres wide free water area .
meanwhile , russia ' s federal tourism agency suggested making the holiday season in the crimea a season that would last 12 months a year . however , one needs to create appropriate infrastructure for such an objective .
leaving crimea can be hard on the ukrainian border but not so hard via the kerch ferry or by plane . the checkpoints and borders of ukraine and crimea are tightly packed by russian and ukrainian officers , and you may face problems in trying to leave . but most of the tourists successfully passed the border after checking their documents . the problems are crimeans who changed their passports and have a crimean registration ( formally they are still ukrainian citizens and they can be sent as a conscripts to ukrainian army ) but these problems can be easily solved after giving a bribe to ukrainian officer . leaving crimea via the kerch ferry is not so difficult . police officers check you in port krym and port kavkaz . the easiest way leave the crimea is by boarding the plane to russia . standard airport checking will be done before the boarding a plane .
if you intend to go hiking in crimea it might be worth writing down phones of mountain rescue service of crimea ( контрольно - спасательная служба крыма ) 380 652 253158 , 380 67 7041319 , 380 67 5550001 . if the hike is difficult and / or dangerous you need to register with them . they also hire out hiking gear and can provide instructor ( guide ) for multiple - day hiking or speleological trips [ 4 ] .
buses from russia reach crimea via kerch ferry . all passengers are leaving their buses on the russian side and boarding the ferry to crimea where another bus is waiting for them . such combination helps the ferry line to work normally with high passenger traffic and prevent the 2014 style traffic jams . if you buy a bus ticket from mainland russia to crimea , the ferry ticket is included in the bus ticket price . the bus services are operating from sochi , gelendzhik , novorossiysk , krasnodar , anapa ( the closest city to the kerch ferry ) , rostov - on - don , voronezh and even moscow . here you can find the e - tickets . urltoken
the 50th foot , the first to leave for the crimea , marching through kingstown ( díºn laoghaire ) on their way to board the troopship cumbria on 24 february 1854 . ( illustrated london news , 4 march 1854 )
the project , which is set to be completed next year , is seen as a massive political powerplay by vladimir putin because russia claims ukraine ' s crimea peninsula as its own territory after it was annexed in march 2014 .
the construction marks the realisation of plans that have been floated for more than a century , beginning with a vague suggestion by a british consortium in the 19th century to build a rail link between london and india via crimea .
the crimea has deposits of various minerals : mineral salts , building materials , gas , thermal waters , iron ore . the most important are natural recreational resources : mild climate , warm sea , therapeutic mud , mineral waters .
once you visit the crimea , you will definitely want to return there again . with each trip you will understand that the more you learn about this peninsula , the more secrets and mysteries will be encountered on your way .
there are plenty of atms , however none of them at the moment service western bank cards . as a foreigner , the only way for you to pay for things is with cash , which you will need to bring with you from outside of the crimea . do not make the mistake of relying on cards while in crimea . at night avoid lonely places where the numerous drunks hang out ; they are not really a danger except they might fall on top of you .
the khan ' s palace - - the khan ' s palace is in the small mountain village of bahkchisaray a halfway between simferopol and sevastapol . the khan ' s palace was the seat of the tatar rulers of crimea dating back to 1443 . with the ottoman conquest of crimea in 1475 the khan ' s became a vassal state of the ottoman empire but were left as the rulers . after the crimean war with the victory of russia all of the khan ' s were made russian nobility but the capital of crimea was moved to simferopol . the palace grounds include impressive gardens , several old mosques including cemeteries , a harem and of course the palace itself . you can take a guided tour of the palace but only in russian .
he first of two central arches of a new road and rail bridge across the kerch straits between russia and crimea has been moved into place , a key moment in the controversial project to construct a direct land connection between russia and the annexed region .
brian cooke in 1990 wrote a very short and patchy history of the railway . he states that it had six locomotives , all of which were second - hand to
old lnwr designs
and that they were tender engines , to a design of bowen - cooke , probably 2 - 2 - 2s . it is blatently obvious he has not read the very well researched paper in
a strong secessionist movement has risen up in crimea . in a nonbinding referendum held in 1994 , over 78 % of the 1 . 3 million people who voted supported greater autonomy from ukraine . in 1995 ukraine ' s parliament and president leonid kuchma moved to contain secessionist elements in the region . kuchma temporarily took direct control over the area and afterward decreed that he must approve all candidates for premier of the region . the crimea adopted a new constitution in 1999 providing for additional budgetary autonomy from the rest of ukraine .
the railway arch forms a section more than 200 metres in length , and is high enough to allow ships to pass beneath . a similar arch for the road traffic section will be lifted into place next month . the bridge has been described as the most complex construction operation in russian history . it will be the longest bridge in the country , and is projected to cost nearly £3bn .
enhancing the topography of ukraine are two mountain ranges . on the western border are the carpathians , very popular for winter sports . the crimean mountains divide the crimean peninsula , creating a semitropical area on its southernmost tip . the crimea is a popular tourist destination .
“the maritime operation [ envisaged ] in the crimea bridge construction project is without exaggeration unique for the world’s bridge building , ” the deputy ceo on infrastructure projects of the stroygazmontazh company , which is responsible for the operation , said , as cited by ria news agency .
regardless of your position on crimean independence and the peninsula ' s annexation by russia , for all intents and purposes of trying to get into crimea will require you to go through russian authorities , so please look at the russia page for visa information and other customs information .
many regiments left before war was even declared as a conflict was deemed inevitable . on 24 february 1854 the 50th foot , commanded by wexford - born lieutenant - colonel richard waddy , left dublin . the dublin evening post describes the regiment’s departure as it marched from the royal barracks ( later collins barracks ) to westland row railway station . such scenes were repeated in all of the towns and cities of ireland :
hundreds of irishwomen also travelled to the crimea and their experiences have not been the subject of sustained research . each regiment allowed a small number of the men’s wives to accompany their husbands to the crimea . they washed and cooked for the men and , after each battle , helped with the wounded . indeed , it could be argued that the army wives were used to help redress the deficiencies in the support and medical services . margaret kirwin , the wife of private john kirwin of the 19th foot , later described her experiences after landing at varna :
once finished , the 19 kilometer ( 12 miles ) crimean bridge will become one of russia’s and europe’s largest . the ambitious multibillion - dollar project will connect crimea with krasnodar region in mainland russia , allowing fast , reliable and cost - efficient transportation for passengers , goods and services .
a leading crimean tatar activist and deputy head of the mejlis , akhtem chiygoz , is expected to be sentenced by a russian court on 11 september . he is accused of organising
mass disturbances
during a pro - ukrainian rally in 2014 before russia ' s annexation of crimea .
to resign in 1764 ; the zaporizhzhya sich was razed by russian troops in 1775 , and ukraine , its political autonomy terminated , was divided into three provinces . in 1783 , russia annexed the khanate of crimea . the polish partition treaties of 1772 , 1793 , and 1795 ( see
spoken english in the crimea is of a low standard . few people have more than a passing knowledge of english . a lack of exposure to the language and the relatively low number of foreign tourists , coupled with a continued soviet - style education means that the population is decidedly monolingual .
records from e b wilson - hudswell , clarke & co . , of leeds suggest that they supplied two 2 - 4 - 0 tank eninges for the crimea , in 1855 . they had 5 ' 6
diameter driving wheels and a domeless boiler to the design of john gooch .
crimea is a beautiful region on the black sea that has long entranced visitors . the crimean peninsula is connected to mainland ukraine by two narrow necks of land , making it more like an island with a couple of natural land bridges than simply a bit of land jutting out into the sea .
kharkov is located east of kiev near the ukrainian border with russia . founded in 1656 , kharkov is one of ukraine ' s principal transportation centers . it is linked by railway with ukraine ' s other major cities and with the cities of other former soviet republics . a modern highway system links kharkov with kiev and the rest of the country . another highway connects the city with the russian capital , moscow . the city itself is served by a modern subway station .
the first ship passed under the railway arch of the kerch bridge . the dry - cargo ship
saint alexy
proceeded from the sea of azov to the black sea . the captain gave a welcome signal . subscribe : urltoken follow us : facebook urltoken twitter urltoken soundcloud urltoken pinterest urltoken instagram urltoken sputnik is a major new media brand with modern multimedia centers in dozens of countries . the agency is uniquely positioned as a provider of alternative news content and a radio broadcaster .
the city of feodosiya has a jewish community centre that is very active in doing research on the jewish community of crimea . you may contact them at [ email protected ] they can communicate in basic english ( so you can send the email in english ) but more than likely the response back will be in russian .
outside kiev , favorite ukrainian vacation spots include the crimean peninsula , which has picturesque mountains and a stunning coastline . crimea ' s yalta , in particular , attracts tourists to its beaches and historic sites . the beautiful carpathian mountains in western ukraine are also a frequent travel destination . accommodations vary , but are generally adequate .
the crimean peninsula , also known as the crimea , is an autonomous republic in southeastern ukraine . the peninsula extends well into the black sea , measuring 175 kilometers ( 110 miles ) from north to south and 320 kilometers ( 200 miles ) from east to west , with a total area of 25 , 993 square kilometers ( 10 , 036 square miles ) . the narrow isthmus of perekop joins the peninsula to the mainland in the north and the kerch peninsula extends to the east , almost linking it with russia . the arabat spit is a long stretch of sand along the northeast coast of crimea that helps to form the sivash lagoon .
was replaced by the emblem of the republic of crimea and the abbreviation
cr
, but the blue and yellow colors were preserved . also on passenger cars was amended code of registry from 045 , 046 to 085 . the condition of infrastructure and rolling stock of the road at the time of its formation was poor . in mid - october of 2014 specialists of railways and goszheldornadzor conducted a survey of crimea and came to the conclusion that the structure of rail tracks and turnouts are in poor condition . as a result , in some areas the speed of trains was recommended to be reduced to 40 , 25 , and occasionally down to 10
unless you are a ukrainian citizen , entering crimea from mainland ukraine will also require you to get a special permission from the national migration service . there is a limited number of reasons to get the permission which includes having close relatives or property there , being a human rights activist or being a member of some international organisations .
tensions continued over the crimean peninsula , a former russian territory with a majority russian population . in 1995 , after crimea challenged the ukrainian government ' s sovereignty and threatened to secede , ukraine placed crimea ' s government under national control ; its regional assembly , however , was retained . another contentious issue was the division between russia and ukraine of the former soviet black sea fleet , based in the crimean port of sevastopol . a basic agreement , under which four fifths of the fleet would fall under russian control , was reached in 1995 , and in 1997 it was agreed that russia would be allowed to base its fleet at sevastopol for 20 years .
the successful wars with the ottomans in the second half of the eighteenth century and the annexation of the crimea by the russian empire in 1783 opened the steppes of southern ukraine to further colonization and brought numerous settlers of russian , serbian , german , and mennonite extraction into the region , apart from ukrainian cossacks and peasantry . the
in view of this high level of irish involvement in the crimea , in both the military and civilian capacities , the intense interest of the irish public in the war is perhaps less surprising . many families must have had members in the crimea serving in some capacity . the work of war correspondents such as william howard russell fed this public demand for information , and the large number of crimean war ballads in irish collections is a further manifestation of this interest . when the south side of sevastapol was captured in september 1855 a series of celebrations took place around the country , and these were repeated when an armistice was signed in paris in february 1856 .
in 2014 , following russian military occupation and a referendum of disputed legality , crimea declared its independence from ukraine and resolved to become part of the russian federation . the union was ratified by russia but has not been recognized by ukraine nor by the greater part of the international community . however , the region is now effectively under russian control .
the new alignment north of the crimean mountains would have three stations : zuia , bilohirsk and pervomaiske . that last station would in fact serve stary krim , the historical town that gave its name to the crimea . on the line to kerch , through trains would serve only lenine , capital of the rayon for the thinly - populated kerch peninsula .
the project , which is set to be completed next year , is seen as a massive political powerplay by vladimir putin because russia claims ukraine ' s crimea peninsula as its own territory after it was annexed in march 2014 . standing at a massive 35 metres above the water , the highest point of the arch is taller than the tower of big ben
i ' m proud of living in the carriages i ' ve been part of refurbishing myself . i don ' t think i ' ll miss sleeping in the carriage the first days upon my arrival back home , but after a few days i ' ll probably miss the train a little bit .
after the soldiers have had their fair share of the life on the rails they have good possibilities of getting a job with a civilian railway company . according to postiglione there is a great demand for them back in italy :
for the time being , there are about 770 hotels in the crimea today . however , a half of them work only in the summer time . in the current circumstances , when one needs to redistribute the flow of tourists who used to go to turkey and egypt for holidays , the existing facilities on the peninsula are not enough to meet the demand .
as of 2004 , there were 22 , 473 km ( 13 , 988 mi ) of railway in the ukraine , all of it 1 . 5 m ( broad ) gauge . highways in 2002 totaled 169 , 679 km ( 105 , 540 mi ) , of which 164 , 249 km ( 102 , 162 mi ) are hard - surfaced , including 1 , 770 km ( 1 , 100 mi ) of expressways . in 2003 , there were 5 , 603 , 800 passengers cars and 985 , 700 commercial vehicles registered for use .
plans for its construction began to take shape shortly after the annexation , and were made all the more important by a series of blockades from the ukrainian side . the border between crimea and the rest of ukraine is highly militarised and subject to long delays . the peninsula was left without electricity for weeks on end in late 2015 after ukrainian vigilantes blew up electricity lines .
the area of the crimea is about 26 , 860 km² : 72 % - plain , 20 % - mountains and 8 % - lakes and other water objects . as of 2014 , the population was 2 284 769 people . the density of this population is about 78 people per square kilometer : 62 . 7 % - urban and 37 . 3 % - rural .
the lutheran church in simferopol supposedly has a list going back to the early 1800s of all german families who emigrated to crimea under catherine the great , or so it was said at the archive . this information has not actually been confirmed at the lutheran church . for that matter , finding the lutheran church , although mentioned in the guide book , is actually a quite difficult task .
the russian 1803 - 1804 educational reform brought about the formation of gymnasiums , as well as privileged educational institutions , lyceums , and institutes for noble young ladies . the latter emerged in kharkov ( 1805 ) , poltava ( 1817 ) , odessa , and kiev . initial professional education was provided by specialized institutions : the kiev railway school , the kherson school of commercial navigation , and the yekaterinislav school of gardening , as well as art and trade schools . universities opened in kharkov in 1805 and in kiev in 1834 . two year teacher training courses affiliated with the universities followed suit .
the arch , which stands 227 meters long and 45 meters high , was assembled onshore at the kerch peninsula . on sunday , the construction teams started transporting the whole construction , which weighs more than 6 , 000 tonnes into place in the kerch strait , where it will be installed on special 35 meter - high piers and thus form one of the fairway arches of the crimea bridge .
titanic work has been done since the time of the conclusion of the state contract . the bridge to the crimea will be the longest in russia - the bridge across the kerch straight will be 19 kilometers long . all the necessary temporary infrastructure required for such a large - scale construction has been created , so we can start the construction of the bridge ,
the official said .
the city of odessa , with a population of 1 , 104 , 000 ( 1991 est . ) , is located 275 miles ( 443 kilometers ) south of kiev . the city ' s location on the black sea makes it one of ukraine ' s major ports . odessa is a major transportation center with excellent railway connections to other ukrainian cities , as well as moldova and romania . the city , with its well - developed industrial base , produces consumer goods , machinery , fertilizers , paints , dyes , and machine tools . a large oil refinery is also located near odessa .
a line from moscow to crimea via rostov is not rational , since it is a long detour around the sea of azov . the planned kerch bridge will probably have a limited rail line , primarily for freight . the connecting line through the kerch peninsula is of low quality . ( a tunnel or a bridge / tunnel combination like the øresund bridge might be more suited to a hsl ) .
the largest tv and radio network belongs to derzhavne tele radio ukraiiny ( state tv and radio of ukraine ) , which controls the national television channels ut - 1 and ut - 2 , national radio company of ukraine , the promin radio program , 26 regional state television companies , sevastopol ' and kyiv regional state television - radio companies , and the television - radio company krym ( crimea ) .
( vol . 152 ) for 1903 confirms that the locomotives came from e b wilson - hudswell , clarke & co . of leeds . it is also clear that the government put the contract for the locomotives out to tender as
mr peacock of manchester
( presumably richard peacock , founding partner of beyer , peacock & co . ) submitted a tender for locomotivesfor the crimea in 1855 .
the carpathian mountains in the extreme west are the highest peaks in the country . mount hoverlya , the tallest summit in the country ( 2 , 061 meters / 6 , 762 feet ) , emerges from the carpathians . the crimean mountains at the southern end of crimea are also noteworthy , reaching a maximum height of 1 , 545 meters ( 5 , 068 feet ) at mount roman - kosh .