joseph j. magliocco ( born october 14 , 1957 ) , also referred to as joseph magliocco or joe magliocco , is a wine and spirits industry executive who has developed creative and newsworthy wine and spirits products .

his work has been written about in publications like financial times , food & wine , fortune , gq , maxim , new york magazine , robb report , the chicago tribune , the courier-journal , the los angeles times , the new york times , the new yorker , the oakland tribune , the san francisco chronicle , usa today , wine enthusiast , and other notable publications .

joseph j . magliocco

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joseph j . magliocco ( born on october 14 1957 ) also referred to as joseph magliocco or joe magliocco is a wine and spirits industry executive who has developed creative and newsworthy wine and spirits products .
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weddings ; lisa c . cappiali , a . j . magliocco - the new york times
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“this innovative release is the culmination of two years of maturation research conducted by our master distiller pamela heilmann and our master of maturation andrea wilson , ” said michter’s president joseph j . magliocco . “the result of their work is a uniquely flavorful rye that we are very proud of . ”
the time away from the industry changed magliocco’s life . once her sister received a clean bill of health , instead of returning to the world of finance , magliocco decided to focus on her home life in order to support her husband joseph and stepson matthew and to give more to philanthropic causes . that led magliocco to play a vital role in 2013 during columbia giving day , when she and joseph supported gs’s yellow ribbon program fund with a matching donation .
education & prior experience : yale college , b . a . , harvard law school , j . d .
education & prior experience : university of california , berkeley , b . a . , cornell law school , j . d .
harvard law school , j . d . ( 1982 ) yale college , b . a . ( 1979 ) summa cum laude
lisa catherine cappiali , a daughter of mr . and mrs . paul cappiali of riverside , conn . , was married yesterday to anthony joseph magliocco , the son of mr . and mrs . john t . magliocco of rye , n . y . the rev . michael l . palazzo performed the ceremony at the church of the resurrection in rye .
the ruling planet of libra is venus . therefore , lucky days are fridays and lucky numbers are : 6 , 15 , 24 , 33 , 42 , 51 and 60 . blue and green are joseph j . magliocco ' s lucky colors . typical positive character traits of libra include : tactfulness , alert mindset , intellectual bent of mind and watchfulness . negative character traits could be : insecurity , insincerity , detachment and artificiality .
after his admission to the new york state bar in 1983 , magliocco began a career in the wine and spirits industry .
after going to berkeley and poly prep in new york city for grammar and high school , magliocco matriculated at yale college . after graduating from yale in the spring of 1979 , magliocco studied law and in 1982 received a degree from harvard law school .
after his admission to the new york state bar in 1983 , [ 7 ] magliocco began a career in the wine and spirits industry .
after going to berkeley and poly prep in new york city for grammar and high school , magliocco matriculated at yale college . after graduating from yale in the spring of 1979 , [ 5 ] magliocco studied law and in 1982 received a degree from harvard law school . [ 6 ]
joseph magliocco , president of michter ' s distillery , discusses two men in the industry who were mentors to him , r . c . wells and dick newman . this interview is from the kentucky bourbon tales oral history project , louie b . nunn center for oral history , university of kentucky libraries . watch the full interview : urltoken .
“we are thrilled that there has been strong participation , and we are grateful to the supporters and alumni , ” peter j . awn , dean of the school of general studies , said .
in 2007 , magliocco’s years of experience led her to become a cofounder and managing partner of monitor capital , llc , a brokerdealer specializing in private placements for hedge funds and private equities . then , in 2011 , when her younger sister faced a lifeterminating illness , magliocco again shuffled her priorities . she asked her partners to buy her out and she became her sister’s healthcare advocate .
it wasn’t until the 1990’s did we see the foundations laid for the brand we see today . joseph j . magliocco ( a previous lover of michter’s and bartender in new york ) and his consultant and mentor richard “dick” newman ( previous runner of old grand - dad , old crow , and old taylor for national distillers before becoming president and ceo of austin nichols , the distiller of wild turkey ) came together with a focus to honour the michter’s legacy . after gaining the michter’s trademark , they made the bold decision to resurrect michter’s in kentucky to ensure better access to the resources needed . here they built a a 65 , 000 square foot distillery in the shively section of louisville and , currently under renovation , the architecturally significant fort nelson building in downtown louisville .
magliocco was a speaker for the traphagen distinguished alumni speakers series ( tdass ) at harvard university in april 2011 . this series invites harvard law school alumni back to campus to speak informally with students about their careers .
magliocco was a speaker for the traphagen distinguished alumni speakers series ( tdass ) at harvard university in april 2011 . this series invites harvard law school alumni back to campus to speak informally with students about their careers . [ 6 ]
will be honored with the naming of the “pratt whiskey lab” at michter’s distillery in shively , ky . said magliocco , “willie is an american whiskey treasure . he knows so much about whiskey , and he has contributed greatly to building our
harvard law school offers an energetic and creative learning environment , a diverse and dedicated faculty—whose expertise spans a broad array of legal subjects—and a student body that comes from every state in the u . s . and more than 70 countries around the world . approximately 1 , 900 students attend hls each year : 1 , 680 j . d . students , 160 ll . m . students , and 50 s . j . d . candidates . the faculty includes more than 100 full - time professors and more than 150 visiting professors , lecturers on law , and instructors . the curriculum features more than 260 courses and seminars that cover a broad range of traditional and emerging legal fields . a harvard law education prepares students for success in law practice , business , public service , teaching , and more . most hls students are pursuing a j . d . ( juris doctor ) degree , while many others are earning an ll . m . ( master of laws ) or the s . j . d . ( doctor of juridical science ) . harvard law school also offers many joint degree programs , coordinated programs , and concurrent degree opportunities with other schools within harvard university . the law school community is also home to numerous research programs and engaging publications , including books , scholarly periodicals , newsletters , and a weekly student newspaper .
in the 1990s with
brown
spirits in decline and rye , america ' s first whiskey , on the verge of extinction , magliocco teamed up with former austin nichols president dick newman to resurrect michter ' s , a whiskey brand that traces its legacy back to america ' s first whiskey company .
“i’ve experienced poverty . i know what it feels like . my ivy league degree gave me the confidence to transform that experience and gave me the courage to look into the eyes of confused children and terrified women in dire situations and treat them with dignity . it enabled me to support them , ” magliocco says .
“it’s a responsibility i take very seriously , ” magliocco says . “with all of the rights and privileges that we have as a result of a columbia university education , we also have a responsibility . it would be very empty to have this kind of privileged education and not put it to good and share it with others . ”
mrs . magliocco teaches the first grade at the cos cob elementary school in greenwich , conn . she graduated from southern connecticut state university , from which she also received a master ' s degree in reading . her father , who is retired , was a supervisor in elmsford , n . y . , with the general electric corporation .
in the 1990s with
brown
spirits in decline and rye , america ' s first whiskey , on the verge of extinction , [ 8 ] magliocco teamed up with former austin nichols president dick newman [ 9 ] to resurrect michter ' s , a whiskey brand that traces its legacy back to america ' s first whiskey company . [ 10 ]
mr . magliocco is to become an associate next month in the corporate finance division of bear , stearns & company , the new york investment bank . he graduated from the university of pennsylvania and received an m . b . a . degree from new york university last month . his father is the chairman of peerless importers , a wine and spirits distributor in brooklyn .
while at gs , magliocco majored in comparative literature with a focus in italian . she spent a summer studying in scandiano , italy with professor jo ann cavallo ; she took shakespeare with professor james s . shapiro ; and she honed her critical thinking and writing skills . her professors and fellow students challenged her to think differently . ultimately , the experience enhanced her strengths . “as a young person , i didn’t have a support system guiding me through the college search and application process . i found myself trying to figure it out for myself , ” magliocco recalls . “coming out the other end of [ my columbia education ] … experiencing all of the ways it has changed my life and developed me into the woman i am today—my career changed , my connection to my italian heritage changed , my sense of philanthropy changed , and my personal politics changed . ”
“for those people who didn’t start their lives in privilege , education is still the path to upward mobility , ” magliocco states , “because so much of my current life can be attributed to what i learned at columbia , i understand the value of having this educational opportunity . if i could change the doubting voices in one student’s head , i know i will have been successful . the point is , giving back is a responsibility . ”
at her commencement ceremony in 1997 , allison fillmore magliocco was overwhelmed with gratitude . she remembers feeling grateful for having had the opportunity to study the great works of literature , art , and music ; for instruction and guidance from renowned professors ; and for the freedom to learn at columbia as an adult student . when she heard gs dean gillian lindt confer her degree , granting her with “the rights , responsibilities , and privileges , thereto attached , ” the statement deeply struck her heart .
magliocco has spent much of her adult life sharing the fruits of her success with others . after earning a degree in the sciences early in her life , she started her career in denver , colo . in e . f . hutton’s analyst training program . over the years , she built a notable résumé in asset management with e . f . hutton , fidelity investments , and painewebber ; however , in 1994 , she decided to take a leave of absence in order to attend columbia and earn the education she aspired to have .
after graduation , sierra global management , a new york - based european long / short equity hedge fund , hired magliocco because of her analyst background , coupled with her newly acquired italian language skills , experience of having lived in europe , and columbia university degree . eventually , she became a partner responsible for investor relations , executive marketing , and operational management . her work in the hedge fund industry enabled her to participate in social - justice causes , specifically those that assist women and children in need . she served as the philanthropy committee chair of the international nonprofit 100 women in hedge funds and a board member of high water women , and she was a president’s council member of the international women’s health coalition .
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there’s a new whiskey making waves here in the uk , and if you follow me on any of my social media channels , you would have seen me become one of the first to experience when they were released only 12 weeks ago . a look into these new expressions from the michter’s brand reveals some classic history lessons , so pour a dram and let’s go exploring !
the michter’s brand starts way back in schaefferstown , pennsylvania in 1753 . swiss man john shenk founded a distillery and named it after himself , producing whiskey from rye grain , favoured by many local farmers in the pennsylvania blue mountain valley . in the mid - 1800’s , dutchman abraham bomberger purchased the distillery from the shenk family , changing the name of the distillery to bomberger . once 1919 hit , prohibition came into force across america , temporarily shutting the distillery until the repeal . once it reopened though , the distillery changed hand many times , coming close to financial ruin until the 1950’s when lou forman , the current owner at the time , created the michter’s brand we see today . he combined portions of his son’s names – michael and peter . in 1989 though , the american whiskey industry was in the midst of a downturn of fortunes , and the owners declared bankruptcy , leaving the distillery in disrepair .
after using two small pot stills and a custom - built 32 inch diameter , 46 foot high copper column still with a distinctive copper pot still doubler , they are utilising a different method than usual to mature the casks . using charred oak barrels that have been dried , sometimes for as long as 18 - 36 months , this causes the whisky to interact with an enhanced state from the natural properties of the wood , resulting in a supposed better flavour . the whisky itself is 103 proof instead of the normal industry level of 125 proof , and it’s said to be lower so the concentrated sugars in the toasted and charred wood can dissolve more readily .
a relatively unheard of process being used is heat cycling the barrels . essentially , the more often whiskey expands and contracts ( ‘cycles’ ) soaking in and then out of the wood of the barrel , the more flavour it absorbs from the sugars in the caramelized toasted wood . heat cycling is caused by the raising of the temperatures in the barrel warehouses to induce extra cycles within a given year . although the process is not without its flaws . it is extremely costly due to the cycles increase of the ‘angel share’ evaporation during ageing .
made from select american rye grain and comes from a new american single white oak barrel . light with dry rye notes on the nose . plenty of oak on the palate , with dry raisin and fruits to create a very long , soft spice finish .
a hark back to the 1970’s and 1980’s when the original michter’s sour mash whiskey was the distillery’s single most popular product . light on the nose with soft butter notes . soft with a punch of dry fruit upon the palate . cinnamon flavours are present leading to a very dry finish with hints of oak .
made from a selected mashbill that features the highest quality american corn . matured often in excess of eight years . in a batch size composed of no more than two dozen barrels . a great nose of whiskey soaked christmas pudding , with sharp intakes of caramel . slight bitterness from the fruits on the palate , but mellows into rich caramel to create a long and very dry spiced finish .
taken from the michter’s website – “ unlike bourbon or rye , which , by definition , must be aged in new oak barrels , our us 1 unblended american whiskey is aged in a way that utilizes bourbon - soaked barrels to achieve a rich and unique flavor profile . in late 2013 , master distiller willie pratt agreed to re - release our us 1 unblended american whiskey after a nearly three - year absence from the market , deeming it “just right” and “the best it’s ever been . ” crucially , our us 1 unblended american whiskey never contains grain neutral spirits – hence its “unblended” distinction” very light upon the nose , with soft oak aromas mixing with vanilla essences . soft and light on the palate too . butterscotch and caramel blend before a slight hit of fruit before the short finish .
a great range , with four different profiles to entice a wide range of whiskey lovers . although not once to shout about any signature serves per say , a good dram on its own or over ice would do the trick .
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© david marsland and drinks enthusiast 2017 . unauthorized use and / or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this blog / sites author and owner is strictly prohibited . excerpts and links may be used , provided that full and clear credit is given to david marsland and drinks enthusiast with appropriate and specific direction to the original content .
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( editor’s note : this post was updated at 10 : 30 a . m . on july 6 . )
insiders are telling insider louisville that michter’s distillery officials will make their formal announcement today about the new york - based distiller’s new louisville operations .
a media event is scheduled for 3 : 30 p . m . wednesday at the site , the fort nelson building at eighth and main streets . mayor greg fischer will be attending , according to sources , and those sources say this project has been kept under wraps for months .
michter’s distillery llc , a division of chatham imports , will have a distillery , bottling operation and visitors center , according to insiders with direct knowledge of the project , an investment we’re being told will come in at more than $ 8 million .
that jibes with a kentucky economic development finance authority release last month stating michter’s has been approved for as much as $ 200 , 000 in tax incentives under the kentucky business investment program , and up to $ 180 , 000 in sales tax rebates in exchange for creating about 10 new jobs .
but the secretive part of this is the renovation of the fort nelson building . the building is now notorious for the march 2009 collapse of a stairwell that nearly killed downtown development corp . executives alan delisle and patti clare . apparently , the building is sound and officials and engineers involved in the project are in the process of getting planning and zoning approval for the distillery .
apparently , the brand , at least , dates back to before the american revolution in lebanon county , pennsylvania .
several bourbon blogs state that michter’s was the oldest american brand of whiskey before it closed in 1990 .
in 2004 , the brand was sold , then resurfaced in bardstown , the center of the bourbon distilling world .
the michter’s website features a full range of small - batch bourbons , ryes and “american whiskey , ” whatever that is .
by the standard of today’s $ 50 - plus small batches such as booker’s and basil hayden brands , michter’s bourbon is moderately priced , with the 10 - year - old small - batch going for $ 35 per 750 - ml bottle online . the single - barrel version sells for about $ 75 .
as for chatham imports , the wine and spirits company is the only company we’ve seen that posts little mini - resumes for its execs , including where they went to college . here’s a sample , because we’re guessing at least of few of them will be here tomorrow . and check out the louisville connections for willis pratt , master distiller :
education & prior experience : villanova university , b . s . , new york university , masters
education & prior experience : hunter college , b . a . , c . w . post , c . p . a . qualification
education & prior experience : new york institute of technology , b . s . , cornell university management development
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terry boyd has seven years experience as a business / finance journalist , and eight years a military reporter with european stars and stripes . as a banking and finance reporter at business first , boyd dealt directly with the most influential executives and financiers in louisville .
meet the kentucky judge on trump’s short list for u . s . supreme court
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more than $ 118 , 000 was raised in support of veterans’ education through contributions by columbia university school of general studies alumni and friends ; the funds raised include a challenge match of $ 50 , 000 . the match initiative was created in support of the yellow ribbon fund , a segment of the gs annual fund , in september by alexander burns ’13 . the fund is an effort to close the gap in tuition costs not covered by the post 9 / 11 gi bill
more than $ 118 , 000 was raised in support of veterans’ education through contributions by columbia university school of general studies alumni and friends ; the funds raised include a challenge match of $ 50 , 000 . the match initiative was created in support of the yellow ribbon fund , a segment of the gs annual fund , in september by alexander burns ’13 . the fund is an effort to close the gap in tuition costs not covered by the post 9 / 11 gi bill and yellow ribbon program .
while alexander burns ’13 did not serve in the u . s . military , he has had life - changing experiences growing up and studying alongside veterans .
“having come from a family of military veterans , and having had the opportunity to study alongside many distinguished and returning veterans who were able to enjoy the same education that i was because of this program , i put for forth this challenge in order to inspire further support of this cause , ” burns said .
the yellow ribbon program is an initiative authorized by the post - 9 / 11 veterans educational assistance act that enables private institutions like columbia university to provide eligible student veterans with a tuition waiver or grant that is matched by the u . s . department of veterans affairs . the school of general studies has participated in the yellow ribbon program since it was established by the federal government in 2009 , which has enabled hundreds of women and men who may not have been able to afford a columbia education otherwise .
is a registered trademark of the u . s . department of veterans affairs ( va ) . more information about education benefits offered by va is available at the official u . s . government web site at
if you are interested in making a contribution to gs , please visit giving to columbia .
thank you to donors to the yellow ribbon fund as of dec . 19 , 2013 .
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william l . hamilton ( 2002 - 07 - 14 ) . shaken and stirred ; ' buena vista ' in a glass . the new york times , retrieved july 2 , 2011
eric asimov ( 2006 - 11 - 29 ) . all but lost , rye is revived as the next boutique find . the new york times , retrieved july 2 , 2011
emily bryson york ( 2011 - 06 - 23 ) . diageo selling an organic vodka distilled in plainfield . chicago tribune , retrieved july 2 , 2011
yale bulletin ( 2007 - 12 - 14 ) . rededication ceremony held for silliman college . yale university ' , retrieved july 2 , 2011
admin . ( no year ) . e - courts attorney detail . new york state unified court system , retrieved august 20 , 2011
eric asimov ( 2006 - 11 - 04 ) . rye : a forgotten spirit is reborn - travel & dining - international herald tribune . the new york times , retrieved august 3 , 2011
blaine ( 2011 - 06 - 10 ) . rye mania at the manhattan cocktail classic by joshua wortman archived 2011 - 06 - 22 at the wayback machine . . city sip , retrieved august 9 , 2011
louisville , ky . ( 2011 - 07 - 07 ) . michter ' s bourbon to open production distillery in downtown louisville archived 2011 - 09 - 28 at the wayback machine . . the lane report , retrieved august 4 , 2011
this page was last edited on 27 january 2018 , at 17 : 02 .
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/ prnewswire / — michter’s distillery is announcing promotions of senior production staff as it carries through on its succession plan .
, who will be transitioning to a flexible schedule as michter’s master distiller emeritus . michter’s vice president
. “at michter’s , the quality of our whiskey is so , so important to us . i am excited that we have phenomenally talented people like
having run booker noe distillery , at that time the world’s largest bourbon distillery , before joining michter’s , heilmann has distilled some of america’s highest end bourbons and ryes .
has enjoyed an illustrious career in the north american whiskey industry which has included her becoming the first woman to ever serve as chair of the kentucky distillers association . prior to joining michter’s as its distillery manager ,
worked closely with heilmann at booker noe distillery , where he was distillery supervisor .
, “this fulfills my dream of becoming a master distiller . over the years , i have had the privilege of working in this wonderful industry with some legendary whiskey people . i feel honored to have the opportunity to continue to uphold the incredibly high standards set by the michter’s team . i am delighted to assume the ‘dr . no’ position as the gatekeeper ensuring michter’s quality . ”
stated , “i am thrilled to have the responsibility of michter’s master of maturation . so much of the great work that’s been done to achieve the quality of michter’s bourbon and rye has been about all the critical steps that are taken with the distillate after it leaves the still . ”
in addition to these promotions , this october michter’s is also announcing the second and final 2016 release of its michter’s 10 year kentucky straight bourbon as well as the first and only 2016 release of its michter’s 20 year kentucky straight bourbon . in
butchertown has sure come a long way , especially since andy blieden started developing property there two decades ago . he and butchertown business association member linda schuster join rusty to talk about all the good new stuff going on there , including some stuff i didn’t already
it would be very empty to have this kind of privileged education and not put it to good and share it with others . ”
a guest at the rededication ceremony at silliman college examines the panels featuring carved stone salamanders , symbols of the residential college .
, sept . 6 , 2017 / prnewswire / — this month michter’s distillery is releasing a limited amount of us * 1 toasted barrel finish rye for the first time .
. “the result of their work is a uniquely flavorful rye that we are very proud of . ”
michter’s us * 1 toasted barrel finish rye is made by taking michter’s us * 1 single barrel kentucky straight rye at barrel strength and then aging it for an additional period in a second custom - made barrel . this second barrel is assembled from 24 - month air dried wood and then toasted but not charred . the toasting profile was specifically designed to enhance the spice character in the rye while adding hints of dark toast and smoke . because michter’s us * 1 toasted barrel finish rye is a barrel strength product , the proof varies a bit from barrel to barrel . the average barrel proof for the toasted rye barrels bottled for this release is 108 . 6 .
master of maturation wilson commented , “it is remarkable how much simply finishing our rye in a uniquely toasted barrel can further enhance depth and complexity . ” master distiller heilmann agreed and remarked , “i love good rye , and this one is terrific . ”
michter’s has a rich and long legacy of offering traditional american whiskeys of uncompromising quality . with each offering aged to its peak maturity , michter’s highly acclaimed portfolio includes single barrel rye , small batch bourbon , single barrel bourbon , american whiskey , and sour mash whiskey .
because michter’s does not have adequate stocks to meet demand for its items , the release will be on a limited basis . the suggested retail price of michter’s us * 1 toasted barrel finish rye is
for a 750ml bottle in the u . s . for more information , please visit
bill is the co - founder , editor - in chief , and official bourbon - o - phile for modernthirst . com . he is a native of louisville , ky in the heart of bourbon country . he attended the university of kentucky in the mid to late 1990s . since college , he has dabbled in beer , bourbon , wine tasting , beer making , and currently works in finance . he has also been published on liquor . com . he has conducted various bourbon and whiskey tastings in cities across the country . he is married with two daughters , and lives in east louisville . you can follow him on facebook and twitter @ billstraub and email him at bill @ modernthirst . com .
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before our official reviews arrive , we wanted to give you a sneak preview of the new products hitting shelves soon . the rye world gets new additions from both michter’s and jack daniel’s this month . highland park has an exclusive north american release named after their founder . macallan has the third whisky in their edition series , this one made in a collaboration with a master perfumer . all this and more in the booze news for the week of september 4 , 2017 !
this kentucky straight rye takes michter’s us * 1 single barrel rye at barrel strength and finishes it in a secondary barrel . these finishing barrels consist of 24 month air - dried staves . the barrels were toasted , not charred . as the rye whiskey comes at cask strength , the proof will vary . on average , it is 108 . 6 proof .
this limited release is hitting shelves beginning september 2017 with a suggested retail price of $ 75 .
available beginning october 2017 , this tennessee rye goes through the standard charcoal mellowing process prior to barreling—as is required for tennessee whiskey . the mash bill is 70 % rye , 18 % corn and 12 % malted barley . this straight tennessee rye whiskey bares no age statement and is bottled at 45 % abv .
master distiller jeff arnett said , “our whiskey - making process is so special , and it just makes sense for us to create our version of one of america’s first whiskeys . this is rye whiskey made jack’s way . we think our grain bill provides the ideal taste and character—one that’s bold and balanced and not dominated by one flavor . ”
released in august 2017 , this is distilled at house spirits in portland , ore . distilled from oregon two - row pale malted barley , the single malt uses ale yeast for fermentation . it is double pot - distilled and aged in full - sized , new charred american oak barrels . several single barrels , typically five to six for each batch , comprise the bottling . the whiskey is non chill - filtered and bottled at 45 % abv .
“as a longtime brewer who later fell in love with distilling , creating a single malt whiskey that embodies the spirit of the pacific northwest’s brewing tradition has been a lifelong pursuit , one that motivated me to create house spirits distillery in 2004 , ” said christian krogstad , founder & distiller , house spirits distillery .
“it is decades in the making , and my vision has finally come to fruition . today , we proudly release our westward american single malt whiskey , which draws inspiration from our rich brewing culture here in portland through our use of locally malted barley and ale yeast in the fermentation of our washes . at the same time , we pay homage to our country’s proud whiskey - making tradition , primarily through the use of new american oak barrels . ”
as the name suggests , this is the third installment in the edition series . released in september 2017 , this single malt is a collaboration between the macallan’s master whisky maker , bob dalgarno and master perfumer , roja dove . the focus for this whisky is all about the oak . a high proportion of smaller oak casks highlight the distinctive aromas dove found in particular casks . the single malt matures in a combination of european and american oak refill casks as well as former bourbon barrels .
“the edition series provides the freedom to look beyond the cask styles typically used in other macallan whiskies , ” said dalgarno . “there are great parallels between the worlds of whisky and perfume and it has been fascinating to work with roja to explore the power of aroma in individual oak casks and its influence on the resulting whisky . edition no . 3 is a remarkable journey of the senses , delivering an intense experience of flavour and aroma . ”
dove added : “we have worked together to master the balance of taste and aroma , resulting in an incredibly flavorsome , fresh and citrus whisky with enveloping sweetness . edition no . 3 is an exceptional example of the whisky maker’s art , where bob has interpreted my thoughts so accurately , when combined with the extraordinary power of scent . ”
this no - age statement release is bottled at 48 . 3 % abv with 250 , 000 bottles available globally . suggested retail price $ 95 .
introduced in september 2017 , magnus honors highland park’s founder , magnus eunson . he was a direct decedent of the vikings who settled on orkney hundreds of years ago . though highland park officially marks 1798 as its founding date , magnus made whisky long before that , albeit illicitly . this no - age statement single malt was aged in a high proportion of american oak first - fill sherry casks as well as ex - bourbon barrels . this is exclusive to north america . bottled at 40 % abv .
port askaig is a single malt brand which selects whisky from islay to use in its releases . a small batch selection of whiskies from two to up to forty casks are used for each bottling . this 110 proof is a cask - strength bottling and was matured in american oak . as with all port askaig releases , it is non chill - filtered with no color added . this marks the first release for the us with more releases to follow . hitting shelves october 2017 with a suggested retail price of $ 74 . 99 .
“since launching port askaig in 2009 we have always looked to introduce new people to islay whisky and it is exciting to take the next step in that journey by taking the brand to america , ” explains oliver chilton , whisky maker for elixir distillers . “we’ll be focused on putting our whisky into hands of connoisseurs looking for something new as well as using it as a gateway to the incredible world of islay whisky . ”
with distiller , you’ll always know what’s in the bottle before you spend a cent . rate , review , and discover spirits ! head on over to distiller , or download the app for ios and android today !
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this whiskey represents a unique , limited edition expression from one of the oldest whiskey brands in the united states .
aroma of spices , dark fruits , rye bread and vanilla . notes of citrus , baked goods , cinnamon and caramel on the palate , which complement touches of herbs and toast . finish , which is both sweet and warming , ends with a touch of caramel .
highspire pure rye whiskey finely displays both the the tradition of pre - prohibition ryes as well as the innovative techniques being used to age whiskey today . this 100 % rye whiskey , made from local kentucky grains , is swiftly aged in california wine barrels .
this unique basil hayden ' s features a blend of kentucky rye , canadian rye , and a dose of california port .
george clooney and rande gerber have turned out to be quite the tequila makers . crafted using agave from the jalisco highlands , this reposado has refined highly nuanced flavors , and as the founders put it “won ' t burn going down , ” or “give you a hangover” in the morning .
a gold medal winner at the international spirits challenge in london and one of the highest rated irish whiskeys in jim murrays iconic “whiskey bible . ” it was also featured in ian buxton’s publication “101 whiskeys to try before you die .
this whisky was named the highlands single malt of the year by whisky advocate in 2013 .
this bourbon , which is made from locally - sourced grains in the midwest , earned a gold medal from the beverage testing institute .
all sales are solicited , offered , accepted , made and delivered by licensed parties or retailers who receive all orders .
all alcohol orders are accepted and sold by a new york licensed retailer : andrew ' s wine cellar , inc . , bourbon street wine & liquor warehouse , gramercy wine country , inc . , or mash + grape . the seller varies by product , and will be identified prior to checkout .
who are andrew ' s wine cellar , inc . , bourbon street wine & liquor warehouse , gramercy wine country , inc . , and mash + grape ?
in accordance with the new york state liquor authority , all orders for spirits must be placed with a licensed new york spirits retailer . caskers has chosen andrew’s wine cellar , inc . ( 195 w . 1st st . oswego , ny 13126 ) , bourbon street wine & liquor warehouse ( 1451 route 5s amsterdam , ny 12010 ) , gramercy wine country , inc . ( 101 e . 23rd st . new york , ny 10010 ) , and mash + grape ( 24 avenue c , new york , ny 10009 ) .
andrew’s wine cellar , inc . , bourbon street wine & liquor warehouse , gramercy wine country , inc . , and mash + grape are new york licensed retailers who are able to accept , fulfill , and ship your order for caskers in the state of new york . should you have any questions regarding andrew’s wine cellar , inc . , bourbon street wine & liquor warehouse , gramercy wine country , inc . , or mash + grape , please contact customer service at ( 855 ) 744 - 6978 .
alcohol available on this site is sold by one of these local retailers : gramercy wine country , inc . or andrew ' s wine cellar , inc . the specific seller varies by product , and will be identified prior to checkout .


intercropping is a multiple cropping practice involving growing two or more crops in proximity .

the most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources or ecological processes that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop .

intercropping

( read more about other intercropping methods in my blog “ intercropping : why some farmers try something different ” here . [ 2 ] )
if you’d like to read more about intercropping , the university of manitoba has some research on the success of the pea - canola intercropping combination here .
mean number of insect pests per plant ± sd in castor based intercropping systems .
impact of intercropping on gross margin from castor . high quality figures are available online .
rating by farmers of different castor–based intercropping systems . high quality figures are available online .
1 . mixed intercropping : growing two or more crops simultaneously with no district row arrangement .
vandermeer j ( 1989 ) the ecology of intercropping . cambridge university press , cambridge , uk
i started reading discussions on intercropping through the combine forum , and began researching a farmer from midale saskatchewan named colin rosengren who has been intercropping in saskatchewan successfully since 2004 [ 3 ] .
— . 1979b . intercropping—its importance and research needs . part ii . agronomy and research approaches .
srinivasa rao m , dharma reddy k , singh tvk . impact of intercropping on the incidence of
mean occurrence of microplitis on achaea janata across various intercropping systems . high quality figures are available online .
row intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field with a row arrangement .
the use of intercropping systems provides an option for insect control for organic farmers that are limited in their chemical use . additionally , intercropping systems can be attractive to conventional growers as a cost - effective insect control solution .
2 . row intercropping : growing two or more crops simultaneously where one or more crops are planted in rows .
intercropping is the practice of planting crops in between row crops to maximize land use , and also to offer competition to weeds that might otherwise usurp excess water and nutrients . intercropping using a cover crop mixture of legumes and grasses can increase soil organic matter , fumigate the soil , or break weed cycles and suppress weed growth . in addition , intercropping disrupts pest presence on the farm . intercropping is a valuable practice for small - scale organic producers .
intercropping is growing two or more crops together at the same time in the same space in a beneficial manner . row intercropping is working this arrangement with at least one of the components being planted in rows . strip intercropping is a more industrialized version with rows of individual crops big enough to be harvested with machinery . mixed intercropping is more like what we imagine as a guild , in which plants are bunched together more naturally but in purposeful ways . relay intercropping is when the plants being intercropped are timed so that they are planted as the others are between flowering and harvesting .
willey , r . w . 1979a . intercropping—its importance and research needs . part i . competition and yield advantages .
impact of intercropping on castor equivalent yields and land equivalent ration ( ler ) . high quality figures are available online .
1 . rhs level 2 certificate week 19 – outdoor food production . vegetables – crop rotation , intercropping and successional cropping
intercropping is the planting of more than one crop in close proximity as part of the same farming system . the design of intercropping systems can vary dramatically depending on the purpose of the intercrop for the farming operation . intercropping produces the benefits of on - farm diversity , increased productivity , resource distribution balance , farm risk reduction , and weed and insect pest control .
awesome information on intercropping . i did’t know the push - pull cropping was created in africa . thanks for this post !
4 . relay intercropping : seeding planting two or more succeeding crops after flowering and before the harvest of the standing crop .
effects of intercropping grasses on soil organic carbon and microbial community functional diversity under chinese hickory ( carya cathayensis sarg . ) stands
effect of intercropping pattern on stem borer infestation in pearl millet ( pennisetum glaucum l . ) grown in the nigerian sudan savannah
) compared to a castor monocrop . the intercropping systems were observed with respect to land utilization ; land equivalent ratios are presented in
some farmers like sheldon okerstrom like a challenge , and with intercropping a challenge is what he gets . i had the chance to sit down with sheldon for an interview , and for the past 6 years he has been experimenting with intercropping on his and his wife joanne’s family farm in moose jaw , saskatchewan . intercropping is growing two or more crop types on one field . and while there are a few different intercropping methods farmers can use , the okerstroms practice a mixed intercropping method with peas and canola . mixed intercropping is where two or more crop types are seeded together and harvested together . the okerstroms joked , “sometimes people drive by our farm and think we either made a mistake or we just have a really rough looking crop this year , most people don’t realize we meant to do this” [ 1 ] .
intercropping is the practice of growing different crops in the same field . there are many spatial combinations possible for intercropping , including mixed intercropping , in which different crops are planted in the same row or without regard to row , and row intercropping , which involves planting different crops in alternating rows . crop rotation involves planting different crops on the same plot during different times of the year , and can include some of the benefits of intercropping , such as reducing insect pest populations , increasing beneficial insects , and weed suppression . in addition , non - crop plants such as weeds , cover crops , and habitat plantings can be combined in space and time to influence numbers of pest and beneficial arthropods on the main crop .
songa jm , jiang n , schulthess f , omwega c . the role of intercropping different cereal species in controlling lepidopteran stemborers on maize in kenya .
risch , s . j . ( 1983 ) intercropping as cultural pest control . prospects and limitations . environmental management , 7 , 9 - 14 . urltoken
were also fluctuated significantly and varied across different intercropping systems during the crop period . significant reduction of incidence of these pests was not observed over monocrop of castor (
* uses and limitations of multivariate analyses in analysis of intercropping experiments * ( federer , w . t . ; murty , b . r . ) 20 pages
thevathesan nv , gordon am ( 2004 ) ecology of tree intercropping systems in the north temperate region : experiences from southern ontario , canada . agrofor syst 61 : 257–268
subba reddy g , maruthi v , vanaja m , sree rekha m . influence of soil depth on productivity of rainfed castor and clusterbean in sole and intercropping systems .
intercropping systems for insect pest control includes the planting of a crop that has a repellent effect , an attractant effect , or a combination of the two , on a targeted insect in close proximity to a crop that has the potential to be attacked by the insect . here’s an overview of the three mechanisms of intercropping for insect pest control :
was uni— modal , with peak infestation noticed only once when it coincided with the formation of primaries and the incidence varied across the intercropping systems . the intercropping systems castor + cluster bean , castor + cowpea , castor + groundnut , and castor + pigeon pea recorded significantly lower population levels ( 0 . 58 to 0 . 89 per plant ) (
this is much the same as building a guild , though row , strip , and relay intercropping are often also used for large quantity grain , vegetables and legume crops , which don’t necessarily conveniently fit into a food forest . for those interested in introducing or reimagining intercropping within their own gardens , here are some things to consider as you get started .
risch , s . j . 1980 . the population dynamics of several herbivorous beetles in a tropical agroecosystem : the effect of intercropping corn , beans and squash in costa rica .
note : intercropping and crop rotation are not the same thing , as intercropping requires that different types of plants are grown in the same space at the same time while crop rotation is the concept of growing different types of plants in the same space at different times . in crop rotation , the plants don’t necessarily need to be good companions in the same way .
risch , s . j . ( 1983 ) intercropping as cultural pest control . prospects and limitations . environmental management , 7 , 9 - 14 . - references - scientific research publishing
intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field . it also means the growing of two or more crops on the same field with the planting of the second crop after the first one has completed its development . the rationale behind intercropping is that the different crops planted are unlikely to share the same insect pests and diseased - causing pathogens and to conserve the soil .
3 . strip intercropping : growing soil conserving and soil depleting crops in alternate strips running perpendicular to the slope of the land or to the direction of prevailing winds for the purpose of reducing errosion .
cocoons at the posterior end of larvae and adult emergence were recorded and noted as indicators of parasitism . the percent parasitism varied across intercropping systems between 5–11 % . a higher level of parasitoid attacks on
intercropping is defined simply as growing two or more crop types on one field . the practice of intercropping has actually been around since farming began . modernization of farming equipment has changed our farming practices into what they are today , which is largely mono - cropping . mono - cropping is planting only one crop on a field that was adapted with the intention of maximizing the amount of seeds you could plant on one field and in a shorter period of time . looking back on it today , it seems our ancestors were on to something , as there still a lot of value held in the practice of intercropping .
gemelle brion is a masters student in the uvm food systems graduate program . she is studying intercropping systems with a focus on insect pest control in uvm’s insect agroecology lab under the guidance of professor yolanda chen .
population was observed in castor + green gram , castor + black gram , and castor monocrop ( 1 . 12 to 1 . 29 per plant ) . the significant effect of these intercropping systems on the population of
while you won’t reach a 40 bushel crop of canola with intercropping due to competition , it’s like getting a free crop because we utilize more of the seed bed . you have to give something up to get something .
in order to have an appropriate discussion , however , we’ll need to define and separate a few ideas so that all readers are on the same page . for those of us who’ve studied permaculture , the point of intercropping will be fairly obvious , if not completely familiar and / or recognized under a different name . nevertheless , we will ultimately examine why we might want to try it , as well as some of the more commonplace considerations for intercropping .
ha smith , and r mcsorley , intercropping and pest management : a review of major concepts : american entomologist [ am . entomol . ] . vol . 46 , no . 3 , pp . 154 - 161 . 2000 .
) . the activity of coccinellids was recorded within a month after sowing and continued through the entire crop growth , and during the later lower levels of coccinellid populations . the peak activity of coccinellids was recorded during the formation of primaries in all intercropping systems . the coccinellid population varied significantly across intercropping systems throughout the crop growth period . systems like castor + cluster bean , castor + cowpea , castor + black gram , castor + green gram , and castor + groundnut had significantly higher populations of coccinellids than the other intercropping systems , that was reflected in mean number ( 0 . 38 to 0 . 48 per plant ) compared to the castor monocrop ( 0 . 13 per plant ) (
< 0 . 01 ) . the fluctuation of the spider population was significant among intercropping systems , and the spider activity was significantly higher in castor + cluster bean ( 0 . 41 per plant ) . the presence of parasitoids such as
host range and host - finding are two aspects of insect behavior that determine how an insect will react to a given crop mixture . the “resource concentration” hypothesis of intercropping and pest management states that it is easier for an herbivore to become abundant when the resources it needs to live and reproduce are concentrated in a monoculture than when these resources are diluted with non - host plants . this explanation for how intercropping can reduce pest densities implicates pests with a narrower rather than a broader host range .
beyond not using the same family , there are some other considerations . with mixed intercropping , it’s imperative to consider root structures , such that plants don’t crowd each other out beneath the surface , as well as above groundsizes , which could interfere with the specific sun requirements of other plants . or , considering strip intercropping , it would be very important to practice sound crop rotation within the rows in order to avoid dormant pests and diseases in the next crop , as well as—again—specific nutrient depletion in soil .
patt , j . m . , g . c . hamilton , and j . h . lashomb . 1997 . impact of strip - insectary intercropping with flowers on conservation biological control of the colorado potato beetle . advances in horticultural science 11 : 175–181 .
. . . in france , sweden , and canada , the weeds in oilseed rape are tackled by intercropping frost - sensitive legume as living mulch ( bergkvist , 2003 ; thériault et al . , 2009 ; cadoux et al . , 2015 ; lorin et al . , 2015 ) . the advantage of intercropping annual legumes with cabbage and cauliflower in turkey ( guvenc , 2005 , 2006 ) and broccoli in the usa ( coolman and hoyt , 1993 ) over sole crops , were demonstrated in vegetable production . in india , intercropping mustard and annual legumes for oil and food , increases yield stability , nutrient availability , and water use efficiency and provides monetary advantage over sole crops ( banik et al . , 2000 ; singh et al . , 2010 ; devi et al . , 2014 ) . . . .
these are the basic four methods commonly employed . sometimes they involve annual grains and vegetables , such as the mixed intercropping classic of corn , beans and squash . sometimes there are perennial species with annual crops grown amongst them , say perennial garlic and basil with annual tomatoes . perennials also work well with other perennials . in parts of the tropics , bananas , papayas , coffee , vanilla and cacao make a crackerjack intercropping team . sometimes these work in organized rows , other times in other patterns , but the main thought is to make thoughtful combinations .
however , what it isn’t—at least not if done well—is a careless congregation of different plants . some things just don’t belong together . for example , tomatoes , eggplants and potatoes are all from the nightshade family , so they don’t work well for intercropping . for one , they use similar nutrients . as well , they attract similar pests and are susceptible to similar diseases . intercropping with things from the same family is asking for nutrient depletion while promoting troublesome insects and illnesses through a lesser version of , though not far off from , mono - cropping .
advantages : 1 . intercropping gives higher income per unit area than sole cropping . 2 . it acts as an insurance against failure of crop in abnormal year . 3 . intercrops maintain soil fertility as the nutrient uptake is made from both layers . 4 . reduce soil runoff . limitations : intercropping system is uneconomical and undesirable during rabi . crops to be considered for intercropping . a ) kharif crops : 1 . medium black soils : a ) pearl millet + red gram 2 : 1 b ) pearl millet + horse gram / kidney bean / cow pea inter row of pearl millet . 3 . soils up to 20 cm depth a ) pearl millet + red gram ( 30 - 60 - 30 cm ) b ) rabi crops : safflower + gram ( 2 : 1 ) d ) fodder for milch animals : sorghum bajara + cowpea or horse gram or kidney bean .
. . . these similarities may result from the use of polyculture systems or intercropping in the sampled agricultural land plots . intercropping to some extent resembles forested systems where species , through complementary traits , have a complementary resource use , leading to an overall higher productivity ( coolman and hoyt 1993 , denevan et al . 1995 ) . for example , polyculture systems may combine perennial species with less acquisitive traits ( pineapple or cassava ) and seasonal and fast - growing species with more acquisitive traits ( rice , maize , and peanuts ; e . g . , ewel 1999 ) . . . .
. . . these similarities may result from the use of polyculture systems or intercropping in the sampled agricultural land plots . intercropping to some extent resembles forested systems where species , through complementary traits , have a complementary resource use , leading to an overall higher productivity ( coolman and hoyt 1993 , denevan et al . 1995 ) . for example , polyculture systems may combine perennial species with less acquisitive traits ( pineapple or cassava ) and seasonal and fast - growing species with more acquisitive traits ( rice , maize , and peanuts ; e . g . , ewel 1999 ) . . . .
smith , h . a . , r . mcsorley , and j . a . sierra izaguirre . 2001 . the effect of intercropping common bean with poor hosts and nonhosts on numbers of immature whiteflies ( homoptera : aleyrodidae ) in the salamá valley , guatemala . environmental entomology 30 : 89–100 .
. . . the need for healthy vegetables and fruits and the increasing demand helped flourish this type of agrarian system . recent studies showed that intercropping celery with different vegetables plants and nonvegetables , besides decreasing pest attacks , increases the nutrient uptake of the vegetables in this system by forcing them to maximize their biological fixing capabilities ( coolman and hoyt , 1993 ) . consumed worldwide celery is found in many family vegetable gardens due to its taste and flavor , for the important role that this specie has in the relationship between compoments of intercropping systems ( bavec et al , 2010 ) . . . .
ler : it is observed that under the rainfall situation deviating from 2090 to 50 percent , the intercropping system of bajara + red gram is more stable as cowpea to the pure crops tried . on an average , the land equivalent ratio ( ler ) comes to 77 percent compared to pure crop .
. . . these similaries may result from the use of mulple cropping systems or intercropping ( growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field ) in the sampled agricultural land plots . intercropping to some extent resembles nat - ural systems where resource use is comple - mentary rather than compeve ( coolman and hoyt 1993 , denevan et al . 1995 ) . for example , solar radiaon can be more fully used by differenaon in maximum photo - synthesis rate , different pathways of carbon fixaon or by manipulang leaf area and leaf density through combining maximum adult stature , shade tolerance of leaf angle ( ewel 1986 ) . . . .
. . . finally , the cc and cp can be cultivated by relay intercropping . this method involves the sowing of the cp under a well - established cc canopy before maturity ( coolman and hoyt , 1993 ) . the cp emerges within the cc , and grows slowly due to its limited access to light . . . .
depending of the crops intercropped , competition for water , light and nutrients may result in lower yields . one limitation with intercropping is that it is not often compatible in farming systems where there is a high degree of mechanization or when the component crops have different requirements for inputs . intercropping often calls for careful timing of field operations , and it may necessitate special interventions to keep competition between the intercropped species in balance . a crop mix that works well in one year may fail the next if weather favors one crop over another . a mixture of crops with different growth forms or timing of development may make cultivation and use of inputs more difficult and less effective .
1 . intercropping gives additional yield income / unit area than sole cropping . 2 . it acts as an insurance against failure of crops in abnormal year . 3 . inter - crops maintain the soil fertility as the nutrient uptake is made from both layers of soil . 4 . reduction in soil runoff and controls weeds . 5 . intercrops provide shade and support to the other crop . 6 . inter cropping system utilizes resources efficiently and their productivity is increased ( reddy and redid , 1992 ) . 7 . intercropping with cash crops is higher profitable . 8 . it helps to avoid inter - crop competition and thus a higher number of crop plants are grown per unit area .
7 . intercropping and other intensive cropping approaches < ul > < li > intercropping – growing rows or plants of a quickly maturing vegetable between those of a slow growing one . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > catch cropping – growing a quickly maturing crop on soil left vacant by a harvested crop or set aside to be planted later . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > mixed cropping – growing several vegetables together that benefit each other and are harvested at the same time ( e . g . ’the three sisters’ : sweet corn , beans and squash ) . < / li > < / ul >
i’m interested in farming practices that use the ecology of the farm to correct resource and pest imbalances . intercropping is a prime example of such a practice . practices that rely on on - farm ecology can reduce pesticide use , allow farmers to better understand the interplay of organisms on their farm , and are often more cost effective to the farmer .
< 0 . 05 ) altered capsule damage , and were less with cluster bean ( 9 . 89 % ) , black gram , green gram , cowpea , and groundnut ( 10 . 35 to 13 . 38 % ) , and were significantly superior over the rest of the intercropping systems and castor monocrop ( 20 . 84 % ) . the population of
get into permaculture and within no time an entire field of jargon is sprouting up around you , and while it can be exciting to have all these new ideas to ponder and play with , it can also be a bit intimidating…bewildering…intense . well , at some point or another we’ve all felt that way , but even so , it’s time to talk about one of those mysterious terms : intercropping .
focus group discussions were held with farmers before commencement of the on—farm experiments . the discussions revealed a number of important pieces of information : farmers were routinely practicing castor monocropping ; few farmers were aware of the advantages of intercropping in terms of lowering of pest infestation ; adoption of chemical insecticides was the common solution for controlling insect pests ; and although some farmers were aware of the various components of ipm , implementation was not significant .
9 . crop rotation – benefits and limitations inflexible – intercropping , catch cropping or mixed cropping do not fit well planning the rotation also enables planning succession personal taste is vital on a small scale – the grower might like brassicas but not carrots . one crop can benefit the next in the rotation – nitrogen fixing legumes ; potatoes suppress weeds most pests and diseases are mobile or have long persistence minimises plant problems – pests , diseases and deficiencies limitations benefits
associational resistance refers to the reduced herbivore attack that a plant experiences when they are associated with taxonomically different plants ( kaitaniemi et al . 2007 ) , and it may be true for the intercropping systems . associational resistance is due to either resource concentration , the natural enemy hypothesis , or both . favorable intercrops like cowpea and cluster bean recorded higher populations of predators and facilitated in—situ culturing of them . the castor + sorghum intercropping system had lower pest populations . although it is not a legume , sorghum as an intercrop reduced the pest incidence in castor . because of its faster growth and canopy formation , the sorghum crop suppressed growth of the castor plants and made them small and lean . plants suppressed in this way may become less attractive to a pest or provide a less suitable food source ; alternatively , the smaller suppressed plants may constitute a less efficient crop for passively dispersing pests ( trenbath 1993 ) .
crop combining can be a stand - alone approach to pest management , or it can be combined with other pest management strategies , including chemical and biological control and the use of resistant plant varieties . the successful use of intercropping to manage pests depends on a thorough understanding of how distinct crop characteristics and combinations will influence the behavior of pest and beneficial arthropods . in addition , the challenges of combining crops in a manner that minimizes competition and assures acceptable yields must be addressed .
repellant intercrops : an intercrop that has a repellent effect can also be used for insect pest control . this often requires more rows of the intercrop to be planted than in a trap crop system . in this system , the repellent intercrop masks the production crop from the insect pest , deterring the insect from its host crop . whether the repellency is due to chemicals emitted by the plant or due to the physical structure of the intercrop is unknown . an example of repellant intercrops can be seen in a recent study that showed that intercropping leeks with beans ( host plant ) had a repellent effect on the bean fly .
. . . these results are also in agreement with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis ( bongers et al . 2009 ) , which states that at an intermediate level of disturbance species richness and hence , functional diversity , is higher , because of the coexistence of early - successional acquisitive species with late - successional conservative ones ( see also lasky et al . 2014 ) . the large trait variation in agricultural land can be attributed to intercropping systems ( coolman and hoyt 1993 ) . slash - and - burn management techniques can maintain a number of species and functional diversity ( altieri 2004 , chazdon et al . 2009 ) . . . .
. . . these results are also in agreement with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis ( bongers et al . 2009 ) , which states that at an intermediate level of disturbance species richness and hence , funconal diversity , is higher , because of the coexistence of early successional acquisive species with late - successional conservave ones . the large trait variaon in agricultural land can be abributed to the intercropping systems , in which more than one species of crop are culvated with different strategies of resource acquision ( coolman and hoyt 1993 ) . slash - and - burn techniques thus main - tain species and funconal diversity ( aleri 2004 ) . . . .
push - pull cropping : a combination of repellent and attractant crops can be used in an intercropping system for insect pest control . this type of system was developed in africa and is called a push - pull system . the attractant crop draws the insect in ( acts as the “pull” ) and the repellent crop deters the insect ( acts as the “push” ) . the push - pull system that was developed in africa protects corn from stem boring moth larvae by planting a grass that is more attractive to the moths , napier grass , as a border and planting a repellent crop , desmodium ( a legume ) , in between the rows of corn .
similar focus group discussions were held again at the end of the project with the same set of farmers as before . farmers were asked to rate each intercropping system on a scale of 1 to 10 with respect to three parameters , pest incidence , yield , and cost of cultivation . farmers expressed that the diverse crop systems in fact experienced lower pest infestation than the monocultures . the obtained average indicated that the castor + cluster bean system fared better with a score of 2 . 1 ± 0 . 72 for pest incidence , 7 . 3 ± 0 . 86 for yield , and 6 . 05 ± 1 . 69 for cost and was considered superior to all other systems (
11 . learning outcomes < ul > < li > 1 . cultivation techniques ( 2 ) < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 1 . 1 describe the methods used to advance and extend the productive season of outdoor food crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 1 . 2 identify a range of propagation methods used in the production of a range of outdoor food crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . crop rotation etc < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 1 state the benefits and limitations of using crop rotation . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 2 describe how crop rotation can be used in the vegetable garden . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 3 describe two methods by which successional cropping can be achieved in the production of a range of vegetable crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 4 define the term : ‘intercropping’ . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 5 explain how intercropping can be used to maximise production . < / li > < / ul >
2 . learning outcomes < ul > < li > a . identify three active revision techniques < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 1 . cultivation techniques ( 2 ) < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 1 . 1 describe the methods used to advance and extend the productive season of outdoor food crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 1 . 2 identify a range of propagation methods used in the production of a range of outdoor food crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . crop rotation etc < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 1 state the benefits and limitations of using crop rotation . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 2 describe how crop rotation can be used in the vegetable garden . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 3 describe two methods by which successional cropping can be achieved in the production of a range of vegetable crops . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 4 define the term : ‘intercropping’ . < / li > < / ul > < ul > < li > 2 . 5 explain how intercropping can be used to maximise production . < / li > < / ul >
the rationale for the selection of intercrops to quantify the impact of intercrops on pest incidence is as follows . black gram and green gram are short—duration legumes grown by farmers . cowpea is a short—duration pulse crop also considered as an eco—feast crop , which attracts aphids , thus increasing occurrence of coccinellids ( surulivelu 2004 ) and encouraging multiplication of coccinellids and other predators . pigeon pea is a long— duration crop grown by farmers along with castor . cluster bean is considered a relatively insect pest—free crop and was found to record higher ler ( land equivalent ratio ) values when intercropped with castor ( subba reddy et al . 2004 ) . groundnut and sunflower are grown as intercrops in pigeon pea and castor by some farmers . sorghum is the major food cereal crop grown in dryland conditions . intercropping systems that have been found to be effective along with some other systems , both popular and / or suggested by the farmers were included .
living mulches are minor crops that are planted within a major crop and can be considered as a type of intercropping . living mulches may be planted on adjacent rows of the main crop , within the same row as the main crop and within close proximity of the main crop . non crop plants are typically used as living mulches in vegetable systems including buckwheat and white clover , trifolium repens l . some benefits of using living mulches include reduced pest populations , increased densities of beneficial insects , and improvement in soil texture and structure because of the organic matter added to the soil ( frank and liburd 2005 , nyoike and liburd 2010 ) . nyoike and liburd ( 2010 ) reported higher populations of beneficial insects when buckwheat was intercropped with squash as opposed to using uv - reflective mulch in squash plantings . similarly , frank and liburd ( 2005 ) found lower pest pressure and higher beneficial insect populations in treatments containing buckwheat and squash compared with other conventional systems of growing squash in the absence of a living mulch ( fig . 6 ) .
trap cropping : a system that uses an attractant crop planted close to the production crop is called trap cropping . the plant that is used as an intercrop ( trap crop ) is more attractive than the production crop to the insect , so the insect is drawn to the trap crop . in conventional systems , insecticides can be applied to the trap crop alone , reducing the need for pesticide use on all acres . in organic systems , an organic materials review institute ( omri ) approved insecticide could be used on the trap crop , or a mechanical means of insect control can be used , such as using a tractor - mounted vacuum over the trap crop . a good example of a successful trap cropping system that uses field vacuums is found in the control of lygus bugs on strawberries in california .
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do you want to change the way the world eats ? then you’ve come to the right blog . we’re here to talk food—and the complexities behind it .
here , you will find news , views , research , and more—each a key ingredient in the recipe for a new food system movement .
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natural forests are multilayer structures built over many years , with tall - and medium - size trees , shrubs , climbing vines and leafy undergrowth . in a natural forest , plants share water and sunlight and provide shade and soil protection .
the multilayer structure of the natural forest can be imitated in the home garden . such a home garden requires careful planning and time , but once established , it provides many benefits .
a multilayer cropping system mixes fast - growing plants with slow - growing plants , and early - maturing plants with late - maturing plants , using the basic multiple cropping principle described in home garden technology leaflet 12 ,
multiple cropping
. figures 1 and 2 provide some ideas for designing parts of a home garden using a system of mixed planting .
table 1 provides examples of trees and other crops that can make up the different layers in a home garden . if the suggested crops are not suitable for a given area , the local agricultural extension worker can advise home garden managers on the crops best suited to that area .
a multilayer plant community is a perfect and cheap support system . yam or runner bean or certain varieties of cowpea can be grown together with maize or sorghum . in this scenario , the cereal stalks provide support to the climbing plants . trees can be planted in the home garden to provide natural trellises .
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mixed or multiple cropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field without a row arrangement .
relay cropping is the growing of two or more crops on the same field with the planting of the second crop after the first one has completed its development .
strip cropping is the cultivation of different crops in alternate strips of uniform width and on the same field . it has two types ; contour strip cropping and field strip cropping . contour strip cropping follows a layout of a definite rotational sequence and the tillage is held closely to the exact contour of the field . field strip cropping has strips with uniform width that follows across the general slope of the land .
reduces the insect / mite pest populations because of the diversity of the crops grown . when other crops are present in the field , the insect / mite pests are confused and they need more time to look for their favorite plants .
reduces the plant diseases . the distance between plants of the same species is increased because other crops ( belonging to a different family group ) are planted in between .
minimizes labor cost on the control of weeds . a mixture of various crops gives often a better coverage of the soil leaving less space for the development of weeds .
results in potential increase for total production and farm profitability than when the same crops are grown separately .
provides 2 or more different food crops for the farm family in one cropping season .
mettot , b . the inter planting of vegetables . back home woods magazine . urltoken
boller , e . ; hani , f . ; poehling . editors . ( 2004 ) : ecological infrastructures . : ideabook on functional biodiversity at the farm level . iobc , oilb , mattenbach ag . winterthur , switzerland .
daxl , r . ; von kayserlingk , n . ; klien - koch , c . ; link , r . ; waibel , h . ( 1994 ) : integrated pest management : guidelines . deutsche gesellschaft fur technische zusammenarbeit . eschborn ,
icipe . ( 2003 ) : 2000 - 2003 icipe scientific report . international center for insect physiology and entomology , nairobi , kenya .
in essence , these are all forms of companion planting , in which one plant provides some useful component for another . the technique can be small in scale , something seen in a home garden , but strip cropping is also becoming more common for progressive industrial models .
there are many reasons for why we would want to intercrop . it can help suppress weeds , especially if we time - sequence our planting such that a cultivated choice is always occupying the space . it can help us combat pests and diseases , especially those which are soil - borne and can transfer from one year to the next . it improves the soil structure , alternating root types and adding different forms of organic matter to the surface , all of which helps to create rich , crumbly earth . it also keeps fertility levels balanced by using different plants with different needs , as well as some with valuable soil inputs , such as with the ever - popular nitrogen - fixing legumes .
we intercrop because to do differently—seemingly so—is completely counterintuitive to what serious and sustainable food cultivators would want to do . the modern - day monoculture standard is one completely reliant on petroleum , agrochemicals , endless water supplies , and land expansion . it leaves a wasteland in its wake .
consider how the group of plants might affect each other’s sunlight . shade isn’t always a bad thing , but it might be for the wrong plant .
time - sequencing can be very useful , and combining plants with different growth rates means they won’t be interfering with the other at the most crucial points of development .
legumes , accumulators , and green manures are great plants to include as they help to continually revitalize soils .
include species , such as culinary herbs , that help repel insects . some plants , like onions and carrots , have very specific companions for this .
a complementary sharing of plant resources , such as nitrogen from n fixing plants .
where two or more crop types are mixed together , seeded together , and harvested together .
sometimes termed “fast crop / slow crop” , relay cropping is planting a second crop type into an existing standing crop once it’s reached the reproductive stage .
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first , we had to make sure we have enough tanks for two different seeds and our fertilizer inputs . we would prefer to have four tanks but we make it work with three . next , you have to make sure you have an opener that can triple shoot and place the dual crop and fertilizer . when it comes time to harvest , we harvest the peas and canola together and then separate it in a rotary screen . then , ideally we store the canola and peas separately due to the difference in moisture content between the two ( peas are 15 - 16 % moisture while canola is about 10 % ) to prevent any spoilage . the crop can then be stored in bags or in bins .
fertilizer rates – how much fertilizer do we apply to feed both crops , especially predicting how much to offset the n application due to the peas supplying the canola with n . i usually start with 30lbs of n and then let the peas nodulate and supply the remaining n the canola needs .
finding chemicals compatible with multiple crops can be difficult . there are plenty of chemicals for just peas or canola on their own , but far less when you need to apply an application to both . this can make a weed resistance issue a lot more complicated and can cause you to be forced to use a chemical that may be registered for one of your intercrops , but not the other .
peas feed the canola with nitrogen , while canola gives the peas legs to stand rather than lying flat on the ground . saves money on inputs and no lifters needed to pick the crop up .
when conditions are right and all the factors properly align , these can be some our best paying crops on the farm .
growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land ( field ) . there is a crop intensification in both time and space dimensions . there is intercrop competition during all or part of crop growth .
in rained areas of maharashtra : 1 . sorghum / pearl millet / cotton + red gram / black gram or kidney bean or cowpea or groundnut . 2 . groundnut + sunflower . cotton + soybean , cotton + black gram safflower + gram
selection of intercrop is one the basis of duration of crop and growth rethyms . the short duration crop gets harvested and long duration crop gets the benefits of september showers and produces more yields . e . g . pearl millet + red grams .
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to grow more than one crop in the same field , especially in alternating rows or sections .
a method of growing quick - maturing vegetables between widely spaced , longer - term crops to make efficient use of the growing area .
and plant spacing were recorded in onion field plots as a management tool against t .
are efficient use of labour and food security as it provides insurance against crop failure or against unstable market prices for a given commodity , especially in areas subject to extreme weather conditions such as drought and flood .
system on soil biology and nutrient profile in plastic tunnel to overcome continuous monocropping obstacles .
cover crops under chinese hickory stands may significantly increase soc stock and labile organic c concentrations , and improve microbial community functional diversity .
may provide resources such as food , alternative prey and hosts , and shelter for the natural enemies .
to protect soil condition , by training farmers in water management techniques , and by helping farmers generate income from coffee - farming byproducts - - such as mushrooms cultivated from coffee pulp .
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we are grateful to the faculty of renewable natural resources , kwame nkrumah university of science and technology , ghana , for research support . we would like to acknowledge field and laboratory assistance by a . owusu , e . dawoe , e . adjei and y . teng and constructive comments by two anonymous journal reviewers . financial support for this study was provided by the natural science and engineering research council of canada .