valeo is a multinational automotive supplier based in france , providing a wide range of products to auto manufacturers and after-markets .

it is a member of the cac 40 share index .

valeo

valeo starts to produce alternators and starters in valeo electrical systems in san luis potosí .
valeo acquired itt automotive : the plant in ciudad juárez becomes valeo wiper systems and the plant in río bravo valeo switches and detection systems .
valeo climate control and valeo electrical systems begin operations in san luis potosi , in december 1994 .
principal subsidiaries : valeo gmbh ( germany ) ; itt automotive inc . ( u . s . ) ; valeo electronique et systèmes de liaison ; valeo espana s . a . ( spain ) ; valeo thermique habitacle ; valeo sistemi s . p . a . ( italy ) ; valeo thermique moteur s . a . ; valeo climate control de mexico , s . a . ; valeo sécurité habitacle ; valeo s . p . a . ( italy ) ; valeo service ; valeo termico ltda . ( brazil ) ; valeo termico s . a . ( spain ) ; valeo vision belgique ( belgium ) ; fiamm technologies ( u . s . ) ; valeo group ( china ) ; zexel valeo compressor usa inc .
in 2005 valeo established its operations in egypt . since then , valeo egypt evolved to be the largest software r & d center for valeo worldwide .
copyright 2015 - valeo asbestos & safety acts as a trustee for valeo trust abn 66 294 806 582 .
cel ( connaught electronics ltd . was founded in 1982 . in 2007 valeo took over and from here valeo vision was formed .
inauguration of the valeo wiper systems production site in san luis potosí . valeo sylvania ( lighting systems ) started operations in querétaro .
cel ( connaught electronics ltd ) was founded in 1982 . in 2007 valeo purchased the business and from here valeo vision was formed .
the valeo innovation challenge is part of valeo’s innovation strategy , supported by the company’s annual research and development budget of over €1 billion . innovation drives faster growth at valeo , a technological partner to all automakers worldwide .
in 2014 , valeo returned to the cac 40 , euronext paris’s benchmark index .
the compressor activity started in july inside the valeo wiper systems san luis potosi plant .
valeo , the braking systems specialist since 1923 extends the valeo optipack™ and valeo premiumpack™ braking pads ranges for commercial vehicles which are designed to suit each customer needs and ease workshops day to day servicing operations . in accordance with the “we care 4 you - trust the specialist” strategy , valeo commits to deliver to the aftermarket taylor made solutions for each customer .
principal divisions : electrical & electronic systems ; transmissions ; thermal systems activity ; valeo service .
valeo comfort and drive assistance site in rio bravo ships its 2 millionth radar sensor in april .
valeo engine cooling site in san luis potosi receives volkswagen awards for excellence in development and entrepreneurial achievement .
subscribe to valeo service newsletter to receive exclusive offers and the latest news on your products and services .
if you are interested in working for valeo or finding out more about us visit our contact page .
valeo ranks among the world ' s leaders in automotive suppliers . valeo is an independent industrial company entirely dedicated to the design , manufacture and sale of components , integrated systems and modules for cars and trucks .
global automotive radar market business strategies : autoliv inc , valeo s . a . , technologies ag , denso corporation
the overall goal of valeo vision systems is to be the world wide leader for vision systems within the automotive industry .
valeo aims to be top 5 global supplier ,
ward ' s auto world , may 1 , 2004 .
valeo is an automotive supplier , partner to automakers worldwide . as a technology company , valeo develops innovative products and systems that contribute to the reduction of co2 emissions and to the development of intuitive driving . valeo group has 136 production sites , 16 research centres , 34 development centres , 15 distribution platforms , employs 81 , 800 people across 29 countries worldwide .
valeo is structured around four well - balanced , coherent business groups that offer innovative solutions to meet the major changes taking place in its markets aimed at reducing co2 emissions and developing intuitive driving . valeo enjoys leading positions in its main markets .
valeo is one of the world’s leading automotive suppliers of components and integrated systems for both the original equipment and aftermarket sectors .
valeo’s four business groups and its aftermarket activity provide innovative global solutions to customers , particularly to help them reduce co2 emissions .
valeo sa’s ( epa : fr ) earnings dropped - 4 . 22 % , how did it fare against the industry ?
at valeo vision systems , we develop systems to improve safety and driving comfort by offering easy access and enhanced visibility around the vehicle , while creating an ergonomic , intuitive relationship with one ' s environment . valeo vision systems are at the forefront of innovative technologies .
valeo is recognized for its innovative technologies , particularly those that reduce co₂ emissions , and is striving to make them accessible to as many people as possible . in 2011 valeo acquired the japanese automotive supplier niles , becoming the world leader on the interior controls market .
during the 1990s , operational excellence became a top priority and valeo introduced its “5 axes” system to attain customer satisfaction through total quality .
mallet , victor ,
loss caps grim year for valeo ,
financial times , february 4 , 2002 , p . 28 .
paris , may 23 , 2018 – valeo’s annual shareholders’ meeting was held today under the chairmanship of jacques aschenbroich , chairman and . . .
in 1980 , valeo opened its first site in the united states , producing heating systems , followed in 1982 by a site in mexico .
international development continued . valeo moved into china ( 1994 ) , poland , the czech republic ( 1995 ) and india ( 1997 ) .
armstrong , julie cantwell ,
valeo braces for another tough year ,
automotive news , may 26 , 2003 , p . 28 .
sherefkin , robert ,
valeo ' s growth hits a pothole ,
automotive news , october 2 , 2000 , p . 3 .
whitbread , colin ,
valeo trims some suppliers , coddles others ,
automotive news , july 29 , 2002 , p . 22d .
paris , june 11 , 2018 – valeo announced the placement of 600 million euros’ worth of new bonds with maturity in june 18 , 2025 .
beijing , april 25 , 2018 – valeo is taking advantage of the 2018 beijing international automotive exhibition to unveil its latest technologies for . . .
de saint - seine , sylviane ,
navarri out as valeo restructures ,
automotive news , march 26 , 2001 , p . 8 .
valeo acquires blackstone , an american firm specializing in engine cooling with facilities in the united states , mexico and canada and european subsidiaries in sweden , italy and spain . the blackstone name was official changed to valeo engine cooling on oct . 1 , 1990 . queretaro vfm production site inauguration .
valeo service develops its starters and alternators ranges by the opening of 92 additional remanufactured parts and 100 additional new parts covering more than 30 million cars across europe * making one vehicle out of three vehicle in the world equipped in o . e . with a valeo starter & alternator product .
specular show sydney ! happy new year 2016 from all of us at valeo . hope you have much joy and success in the coming year .
armstrong , julie ,
valeo plans major shift to low - cost countries ,
automotive news , march 15 , 2004 , p . 16 .
wilson , amy ,
valeo wants to double n . a . business ,
automotive news , october 28 , 2002 , p . 41 .
paris , may 31 , 2018 – valeo has requested the assistance of an investment services provider in order to achieve certain objectives of its share . . .
paris , may 2 , 2018 – valeo announces the launch of a share subscription offering reserved for employees . around 95 000 group employees are . . .
sherefkin , robert ,
valeo to slash 5 , 000 jobs in sluggish market ,
financial times , january 12 , 2002 , p . 8 .
ulrich , lawrence ,
two u . s . units of paris auto supplier valeo file for bankruptcy ,
detroit news , december 15 , 2001 .
valeo wiper systems plant in san luis potosi receives the 2002 business week / architectural record award . it is one of eleven international winners of this award , which recognizes the achievement of business goals through architectural design . out of the 164 entries submitted , valeo’s plant was the only industrial project to be honored .
established in 2007 , valeo service china has established five distribution warehouses with more than 4 , 000 spare parts launched in china by the end of 2014 .
de benedetti was only temporarily thwarted , however . in june 1986 , he purchased an inactive french holding company , airflam . renamed cerus , the shell company received de benedetti ' s 19 percent of valeo , giving de benedetti a controlling stake in the auto equipment maker after all . in fact , valeo ' s years under cerus proved a period of strong growth , if only because of the appointment of noel goutard to replace andré buisson as valeo ' s ceo .
“my dream is to transform valeo into a very big start - up . and we have to bring our people on board in this transformation . ” jacques aschenbroich
the strategy implemented since 2009 , has paid off . valeo’s sales growth has outpaced that of global automotive production , and other intake has attained record levels , with more than one - third involving innovation . in light with this accomplishment , in 2015 valeo was named in the thomson reuters list of “top global innovator 2015” .
- - - - - - ,
valeo ' s goutard retires ( again ) ,
automotive news , february 24 , 2003 , p . 3 .
paris / tokyo , april 12th 2018 – ntt docomo , japan’s leading mobile operator , and valeo , automotive supplier , pioneer and leader in autonomous and . . .
valeo service supplies original equipment spares to automakers and replacement parts to the independent aftermarket . it offers a wide range of products and services for all aftermarket activities worldwide .
lead and manage the plant supply chain cim team : - deploy all valeo supply chain standards , guidelines , working methods , methodologies and tools in . . . . .
at the start of the 2000s , valeo launched its programs to present innovations to its customers . the group became a world leader in parking assistance systems using ultrasonic sensors .
in 2005 , valeo acquired the engine electronics division of johnson controls , allowing the group to strengthen its powertrain efficiency operations for cleaner , more efficient and more economical vehicles .
valeo transmissions site in querétaro installs hybrid furnaces that use both electricity and natural gas in order to reduce its dependency on these energy sources and to cut greenhouse gas emissions .
paris , june 18 , 2018 – valeo has just announced the nine teams that will be moving on to the final round of its fifth annual global competition , . . .
driving assistance systems – valeo offers one of the largest range of smart sensors and features that improve vehicle safety and comfort such as automated parking systems and enhanced automated driving systems .
in 1987 , valeo completely refocused on its core activity and began disposing of non - automotive and non - strategic businesses . the group acquired neiman , launching its security systems activity .
the specific charges against her relate to the case of workers employed at the fereo - valeo auto - components factory in normandy . asbestos was once widely used for car brake pads .
the specific charges against her related to the case of workers employed at the fereo - valeo auto - components factory in normandy . asbestos was once widely used for car brake pads .
paris , may 22 , 2018 – for the third year running , valeo is taking part in the viva technology conference , from may 24 to 26 , at paris expo , france .
in 2004 , the group opened its first r & d center in china ( wuhan ) dedicated to lighting . valeo was the first to launch stop - start technology on the market .
valeo continued to invest heavily in research and development and , especially , capital expenditures . new valeo plants started up operations in france , spain , the united states , canada , mexico , china , argentina , and brazil . the company also moved into the former soviet bloc , bringing production facilities to the czech republic and poland . valeo ' s global development strategy and its specialized focus would seem a model for a new industrial age . in addition , the company could begin eyeing its next milestone , that of becoming a ffr 40 billion company by the year 2000 .
valeo is an automotive supplier and partner to automakers worldwide . as a technology company , we design innovative solutions for smart mobility , with a particular focus on intuitive driving and reducing co 2 emissions .
valeo vision systems , an automotive parking and manoeuvring system supplier , is expanding its operation in galway with 140 new r & d and operations jobs to be created by the end of 2015 . read more
on monday , valeo sa ( fr : par ) closed at 48 . 80 , 7 . 28 % above its 52 - week low of 45 . 49 , set on jul 04 , 2018 .
in 1998 , the group acquired the electrical systems business of itt industries , as well as the automotive activities of labinal . these acquisitions to enabled valeo to become a global player in electrical and electronic systems .
global automotive interior ambient lighting market opportunities 2018 : draxlmaier group , schott ag , magneti marelli s . p . a , koninklijke philips n . v . , valeo s . a . , zizala lichtsysteme gmbh
french auto parts maker valeo said revenue growth slowed to 3 percent in the first quarter , held back by a strong euro and a contraction in chinese and u . s . car production .
organic revenue growth will accelerate sharply over the rest of the year ,
said chief executive jacques aschenbroich , citing the company ' s order intake . valeo is well positioned for an industry push into electrified and autonomous vehicles .
improvement in profitability and outperformance against the industry can be important characteristics in a stock for some investors . below , i will assess valeo sa’s ( enxtpa : fr ) track record on a highread more . . .
valeo sa is an automotive supplier . the company is a technology company , which is focused on the design , production and sale of components , integrated systems , modules and services for the automotive sector . its segments incl
in order to unite its brands and people , the company united under the name valeo ( “i am well” in latin ) , the name of its italian subsidiary , at its annual shareholders’ meeting on may 28 , 1980 .
french auto parts maker valeo ( vlof . pa ) said revenue growth slowed to 3 percent in the first quarter , held back by a strong euro and a contraction in chinese and u . s . car production .
organic revenue growth will accelerate sharply over the rest of the year ,
said chief executive jacques aschenbroich , citing the company ' s order intake . valeo is well positioned for an industry push into electrified and autonomous vehicles .
spark plugs market 2018 - 2022 ongoing trend | growing at remarkable cagr of 5 . 5 % with mogul , borgwarner , denso , robert bosch gmbh , general motors , delphi automotive , valeo , weichai power , and uci - fram autobrands
valeo sa ( enxtpa : fr ) , a large - cap worth €13 . 74b , comes to mind for investors seeking a strong and reliable stock investment . one reason being its ‘too big to fail’ aura which givesread more . . .
brussels ( reuters ) - eu antitrust enforcers approved on friday valeo ' s 819 . 3 - million - euro ( 730 . 21 million pounds ) bid for german clutch manufacturer fte automotive after the french car parts supplier agreed . . .
the valeo story started in 1923 in a workshop in saint - ouen , just outside of paris , france . over 90 years later , it is now a world - leading global automotive supplier operating in 33 countries and partnering with automakers worldwide .
valeo sa ( enxtpa : fr ) delivered a less impressive 19 . 06 % roe over the past year , compared to the 19 . 71 % return generated by its industry . an investor may attribute an inferior roe toread more . . .
vias was awarded the top employers egypt 2015 and top employers global 2015 certification . according to top - employer website research : “ valeo egypt provides exceptional employee conditions , nurtures and develops talent throughout all levels of the organisation . . . ” read more
valeo opens a 21 , 000 - square - meter production plant in san luis potosi , mexico , dedicated to new automatic transmissions . general motors awards its best supplier of the year title to the transmission systems site in san luis potosi , mexico .
looking at valeo sa’s ( enxtpa : fr ) earnings update in december 2017 , analyst consensus outlook seem in - line with historical trends , with earnings growth rate expected to be 16 . 57 % in the upcoming year , read more . . .
feb 8 ( reuters ) - fawer automotive parts ltd co : * says it signs mou with siemens and valeo ' s jv on new energy vehicle - related cooperation * says it will set up new energy vehicle - related firm in china . . .
july 2 ( reuters ) - fawer automotive parts ltd co : * says it plans to set up new energy auto parts venture with registered capital of 250 million yuan ( $ 37 . 59 million ) with siemens and valeo ' s jv source . . .
valeo sa is engaged in the design , production , and sale of components , integrated systems , and modules for the automobile industry . it operates through following business segments : powertrain systems , thermal systems , comfort and driving assistance systems and visibility systems . the powertrain syst . . .
valeo foods’ brands have a proud history stretching back over a hundred and fifty years , including jacob ' s , rowse balconi . for more than a century and a half food lovers have grown up on our top quality foods , with the enjoyment of our products becoming a tradition passed down from generation to generation .
air quality : a major environmental issue . today’s drivers dream of cars that do not pollute and clean air in their passenger compartment . solutions that combine well - being in the passenger compartment and reduced fuel consumption and co2 emissions are strategically important to valeo , and they represent an opportunity to be seized in response to drivers’ demands on the after - sales market .
our four business groups are responsible for global growth and operating performance for their product groups and product lines . each of the business groups is structured to reinforce cooperation and stimulate growth for all of our product groups world wide . valeo has solid fundamentals thanks to its diversified customer and geographic positioning with an increasing footprint in high - growth potential regions , notably in asia .
valeo sa is engaged in the design , production , and sale of components , integrated systems , and modules for the automobile industry . it operates through following business segments : powertrain systems , thermal systems , comfort and driving assistance systems and visibility systems . the powertrain systems segment deals with electrical , transmission , engine management , air management , and hybrid / electric vehicle systems . the thermal systems segment manufactures systems , modules , and components for climate control and front - end modules . the comfort and driving assistance systems segment develops interior controls , driving assistance , interior electronics , and access mechanisms . the visibility systems segment manufactures lighting and wiper systems . the company was founded on february 10 , 1923 and is headquartered in paris , france .
the supreme court ( cour de cassation ) is the ultimate venue for judicial disputes not resolved satisfactorily by the lower courts or the courts of appeal . a case will only be considered at this level if the court feels there is need to investigate whether the law had been correctly applied previously . if the supreme court rules in favour of the claimants , the cases end here . if the court has doubts about the earlier application of the law , the cases are sent back to a court of appeal . some of the cases currently being appealed to the supreme court were brought by the companies ( eternit , everite , valeo ) which are attempting to get previous verdicts of
faute inexcusable
reversed . the sollac case is an exception : in this instance the court of appeal found for the company on the grounds that as it was not an asbestos specialist its actions , prior to 1977 , were not negligent .
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nous sommes honorés de recevoir le label global top employer pour la 4ème année consécutive . cette distinction récompense nos bonnes pratiques d’attraction des . . .
ready for # fraur ? thanks to high definition lighting you can project personalized messages onto the road . so come and write ( or draw ) the future with us ! . . .
the vision systems product line , with headquarters in tuam , co . galway , ireland also has facilities in germany , hungary , usa , mexico , china , czech republic and france .
we design and manufacture front , top , rear and side view automotive cameras and associated ecus for a variety of oem manufacturers such as bmw , jaguar / land rover , volvo , ford , nissan and vg group ( vw , audi ) .
we use the best human competences and leading edge technologies to offer innovative products to our customers .
360° birds eye view , allowing precise manoeuvres due to a seamless 360° view of the vehicle ' s immediate surroundings .
park4u + 360vue , combines ultrasonics and vision systems to automatically park your car into the parking slot .
 cross traffic alert , uses a very wide angle camera mounted on the front / rear of the vehicle to automatically detect oncoming vehicles and other road users .
pedestrian detection , automatically detects pedestrians around the vehicle and warns the driver .
our mission is to be the world leader for vision systems within the automotive industry by developing innovative camera systems and providing situational awareness solutions using cutting edge technology .
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manage supply chain activities to support p1 / p10 new products :  define supply chain concepts & make quotation ; define detailed supply chain . . .
highlight the main responsibilities ; check that safety and security equipments are in compliance with requirements and in good condition ; carry . . .
contribute to the definition and challenge the product group sales objectives and strategy . participate and contribute actively to the definition of . . . .
mission describe the principal mission of the position ; make sure the pcb layout on good quality for manufacturability ; make sure the 2d . . .
we offer global solutions that add value to vehicles by enhancing comfort , safety and driving pleasure while reducing fuel emissions and pollution .
in 1923 , eugène buisson , the french representative for ferodo brake linings , opened workshops in saint - ouen to manufacture , under license , his own friction materials . this was the birth of société anonyme française de ferodo ( saff ) .
in 1932 , the company expanded its activities to include the production of clutches , and saff was listed on the paris stock exchange . on the eve of world war ii , the company held almost all the patents relating to clutches .
during the war , at the battle of falaise in 1944 , its normandy factories were partially destroyed , and during the liberation of paris , the saint - ouen workshops ( brake linings and clutches ) were badly damaged . in the 1950s , the company modernized and expanded outside the paris region , building new factories , notably in normandy ( friction materials ) and amiens ( clutches ) .
in 1953 , the company celebrated its 30th anniversary . clutches , with their constantly evolving technologies , became its main business activity .
in 1962 the company took over sofica ( société de fabrication industrielle de chauffage et d’aération ) , specializing in heating and air conditioning with a factory in nogent - le - rotrou ( france ) , thereby acquiring a new line of business : thermal systems for automobiles .
the company was restructured to reflect its activ ities , which continued to diversify , notably with the addition of lighting and wiping systems . during the 1960s the company expanded in europe , working closely with its mainly french and italian customers . new sites were established in spain and italy .
in 1970 , the company built a research center ( including a wind tunnel ) dedicated to thermal systems , in la verrière ( paris region ) .
it continued to expand with a number of acquisitions in europe , as well as the takeover of sev marchal ( 1970 - 1971 ) , then of paris - rhône and cibié ( 1977 - 1978 ) . these acquisitions enabled the company to extend its long - term strategy to encompass electrical components ( spark plugs , alternators and starters , plus ignition , lighting and wiping systems ) .
in 1974 , the group set up a thermal systems activity in sao paulo , brazil .
in 1984 , the group took over ducellier , a company producing alternators , starters , headlamps and ignition systems , and established its first site in tunisia , to produce clutches .
in 1985 , the first national directorates were set up to act as the group’s ambassadors in spain , italy , germany , brazil and japan .
research and development operations expanded , and in 1992 an r & d center dedicated to electronics was opened in créteil ( paris region ) , while another opened in bobigny ( paris region ) focusing on lighting .
the group’s strategy is based on two main areas of growth : the reduction of co₂ emissions and development in high - growth countries and asia .
the group’s outlook for growth is excellent , and its key objective has not changed since 1923 : to work closely with automakers and motorists in order to make vehicles cleaner , safer and more efficient .
its innovation strategy is underpinned by research and technology partnerships such as safran , acquisitions such as peiker and spheros , investments in technology start - ups , investments in venture capital funds as well as joint ventures .
ferodo ' s origins dated back to england of the 1890s . it was then that herbert frood witnessed a heavily loaded horse and carriage having difficulties braking and the driver thrusting his shoe between the brake and wheel to bring the carriage to a halt . frood kept the event in his memory ; 20 years later , as the newly emerging automobile industry was struggling with its own braking systems , frood introduced the first brake lining , replacing the driver ' s shoe with a more durable sheet of asbestos . frood dubbed the lining
ferodo ,
and the product quickly became a mainstay in the british automotive industry ' s brake systems .
frood ' s brake linings also caught the attention of the automobile industry on the continent . in 1910 , frood agreed to give a french entrepreneur , eugene buisson , the right to import and distribute the ferodo linings in france . soon after , buisson received the rights to begin manufacturing the ferodo linings in france , and the société anonyme française du ferodo , founded in 1923 , grew to become one of france ' s most prominent automotive equipment suppliers .
in 1980 , ferodo took the bold move of adopting a new name under which it grouped and later replaced its panoply of brand names . the new company boasted revenues of ffr 7 billion , a payroll of 27 , 000 , and a product line of more than 30 products capable of providing most of the critical internal components of automobiles for some 26 automakers worldwide , supported by 100 factories and other facilities in 16 countries .
harnischfeger , uta ,
french group victim of sharp edge of car - parts production ,
financial times , april 10 , 2001 , p . 30 .
simonian , haig ,
healthy appetite remains after a $ 1 . 7bn purchase ,
financial times , march 1 , 1999 , p . 3 .
source : international directory of company histories , vol . 66 . st . james press , 2004 .
yes , you can equip your vehicle with reverse radars . discover all our solutions for driving and parking assistance .
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curieux de voir à quoi ressemblent nos usines ? découvrez - les de l ' intérieur .
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odlums is ireland ' s favourite home baking brand , providing recipes , tips , inspiration and the finest quality baking ingredients since 1845 .
jacob ' s is the number one biscuit brand in ireland with a heritage stretching back a century and a half .
fruitfield is ireland ' s oldest preserve brand dating back to 1886 and to this day remains a favourite with irish consumers .
robert roberts is ireland ' s favourite fresh coffee brand that also offers a growing range of quality fairtrade and speciality teas .
fox ' s glacier mints are the leading , branded boiled mint in the uk . the pure clear sweet has been enjoyed by consumers for 100 years and come in a variety of deliciously refreshing flavours .
silvermints , the classic melt in the mouth mints , are best known for their great taste and crumbling texture . they have been a firm favourite with consumers for nearly a century .
the chef brand has been a quality family favourite since 1921 , with a product range including side of plate products such as brown sauce , bbq sauce , beetroot , salad cream , malt vinegar and pickles .
batchelors is ireland’s no . 1 brand in canned baked beans , peas and pulses . made in dublin since 1935 batchelors are still to this day irish families favourite .
poppets are a timeless and iconic british classic best known as a must have snack for cinema goers .
rowse honey is a world leader in honey products and a major provider of pure maple syrups , lemon curd and luxury dessert chocolate sauces supplying all sectors of the food business .
balconi is a producer of market leading sponge based cake products , wafers and biscuits supplying the italian market , and other major international markets across the world .
shamrock is ireland’s leading baking ingredients brand offering a premium range of baking ingredients including dried fruits , nuts , sugar and most recently a range of delicious baking chocolate .
tuc , the salted savoury snack crackers have been the go to snack for consumers looking for something a little healthier , for more than half a century .
for over 50 years , erin has worked with the best ingredients to help families create simple and delicious meals , from its delicious range of gravies and sauces , to recently added more contemporary flavours such as chicken stir - fry and sizzling beef meal mixes .
roma is ireland’s number 1 supplier of authentic mediterranean ingredients , and is the leading brand in both pasta and canned tomatoes with a range of in excess of 80 products including rice , pasta sauces and antipasto products .
kelkin is now recognised as the leading irish health food brand with over 100 product lines available nationwide , with lines exported to the uk and throughout europe .
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the powertrain systems business group develops innovative powertrain solutions aimed at reducing fuel consumption and co2 emissions .
the thermal systems business group develops and manufactures systems , modules and components to manage the thermal energy of the powertrain and provide comfort inside the cabin for each passenger .
the comfort and driving assistance systems business group develops interface systems between the driver , the vehicle and the environment , which help to improve comfort and safety .
the visibility systems business group designs and produces innovative systems which offer the driver perfect visibility , thereby improving the safety of both driver and passengers .
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the european green vehicles initiative association currently counts 64 members . each of them belongs to one of the two following categories :
research provider membership is open to research institutes and universities active in the field of road transport technologies .
associate membership is open to non - governmental organisations involved in european transport research .
the general assembly consists of all the egvia members and is the supreme body of the association . its role is to approve the general policy on the basis of proposals of the executive board and give recommendations for its implementation .
is responsible legally for the association . it manages the work of the association for achieving its objectives , is responsible for its financial management , and its representation towards third parties .
in addition , one board observer is elected to attend the meetings and represent the research members – klaus kersting ( idiada ) .
represents the industry members of egvia within the partnership board of the european green vehicles initiative ppp – the body gathering industry representatives with european commission services .
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automotive fog lights market forecasts accruals of usd 3 , 928 . 5 million by 2023 at 6 . 92 % of cagr ; confirms mrfr
the global adas market is expected to grow with a cagr of 7 . 5 % over the period of 2017 - 2023
the global advanced driver assistance system ( adas ) market is projected to grow at a cagr of 10 . 44 % from 2016 to 2021
august gold climbs $ 3 . 80 , or 0 . 3 % , to settle at $ 1 , 259 . 60 / oz
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faurecia will likely announce a takeover bid for lear corp . within a few months
august wti oil settles at $ 73 . 85 / bbl , up a nickel for the session
if trump’s tariffs sink china , be on high alert for the u . s . to follow suit
overturning roe v . wade could hurt job growth in many u . s . states
large european auto parts suppliers will continue their streak of demergers to boost shareholder returns and create smaller , more flexible and transparent businesses , says moody ' s investors service in a report published today .
edited transcript of fr . pa earnings conference call or presentation 22 - feb - 18 5 : 30pm gmt
carmakers squeezed between carbon emissions cuts and falling sales of fuel - efficient diesels have used the frankfurt auto show to spotlight a future generation of electric cars that will largely come too late to help them out of their bind .
edited transcript of fr . pa earnings conference call or presentation 20 - jul - 17 4 : 30pm gmt
the weekly loss came after the stoxx 600 had its strongest week in more than two months , indicating a sharp turnaround in sentiment .
while earnings seasons over the past year have typically started strong before turning worse , the current season is off to a decidedly weak start
, deutsche bank ' s equity strategist wolf von rotberg , said . investors pointed to inflows as mitigating muted second - quarter earnings growth .
european shares edged down on friday as a fresh flow of corporate earnings failed to change the mood of the previous session , dragged down by the european central bank ' s policy meeting , which pushed the euro close to a two - year high . the pan - european stoxx 600 stood 0 . 1 percent lower , extending losses from the previous session as the euro weighed on exporters .
when it comes to a
zeitgeist
( spirit of the times ) investment , investors should build a portfolio of parts of an industry as well as the whole , giles keating , chairman at the werthstein institute , said .
data delayed at least 15 minutes , as of jul 09 2018 16 : 35 bst .
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ude comfort & driving assistance systems , powertrain systems , thermal systems and visibility systems . the comfort & driving assistance systems segment includes three product groups , including driving assistance , interior controls and connected cars . the powertrain systems segment includes four product groups , including electrical systems , transmission systems , combustion engine systems and electronics . the thermal systems segment has five product groups , including thermal climate control , thermal powertrain , thermal compressors , thermal front end and thermal bus systems . the visibility systems segment includes lighting systems and wiper systems . it supplies original equipment spares to automakers and replacement parts to the independent aftermarket .
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the cost of a gallon of gasoline has to be one of the most widely watched prices in america . every time you pull into fill up the gas tank you are reminded that the amount of gasoline that your dollar will purchase is not constant .
the rise or decline in the price of goods and service directly impacts nearly everyone , whether it is the price of a gallon of gas , a loaf of bread , medical care or any other item or service . a change in price can be either positive ( inflation ) or negative ( deflation ) .
one way to measure the average change in the prices paid for consumer goods and services in america , over time , is to come up with a representative basket of goods and services that the typically american household would , on average , consume . the u . s . bureau of labor statistics consumer price index ( cpi ) is a widely followed measure of consumer inflation .
“represents about 87 % of the total u . s . population… it is based on the expenditures of almost all residents of urban or metropolitan areas , including professionals , the self - employed , the poor , the unemployed , and retired people , as well as urban wage earners and clerical workers . not included in the cpi are the spending patterns of people living in rural nonmetropolitan areas , farm families , people in the armed forces , and those in institutions , such as prisons and mental hospitals . ”
the relative importance of the components in the cpi changes every year . the hundreds of goods and services and their total weighting can be fond at the bls website .
while the makeup of the basket may not directly coincide with your own expenditure experience , it is representative of the collective .
the chart below illustrates how prices have changed for each subgroup from june 1994 to today .
in eighteen years medical care costs have nearly doubled , while apparel ( men , women and children cloths along with watches and jewelry ) collectively has decreased in price . transportation which includes volatile gasoline prices has fluctuated the most since 1994 , punctuated with a sharp decline during the last recession . housing ( rent , rent equivalent , housing operating expenses , appliances , etc ) mostly mirrored overall consumer inflation since 1994 , and has only recently begun to rise after stagnating from 2008 to 2011 .
at 2 p . m . est the federal reserve released a statement claiming it is raising its target federal funds rate range . . .
the economy remains unsteady 22 months after the recession began , with banks restricting credit and consumers hunkering down . for . . .
over the past 65 years the amount of income received by americans , as a whole , has generally increased over time . the source of this income , however , has varied a great deal . the variation speaks volumes about the underlying opportunities available to earn or receive different types of income in america . the sources of income might also play a large part in determining the pace of economic growth .
today , the bureau of economic analysis released the q4 2011 personal income and its disposition report . in the data lie clues as to the economic health of individuals in the u . s . and the potential of the u . s . consumer to drive future economic growth . with the onset of the great recession in 2007 , income per capita plunged . while it has began to recover after the recession ended , it has yet to reach the previous peak .
while the total amount of income received certainly merits attention , the source of this income provides a deeper understanding of income in america . over time the statistics read like a narrative and reflect how americans historically have received income and what it has meant for the u . s . economy .
the first two income charts below reflect the source of american income as a whole . these charts illustrate that , since 1970 when income received via compensation for employment peaked around 74 % , the income stream for americans has broadened . the source of income for american citizens can be broken down into three distinct periods . each era is defined by what the second largest stream of income is for individuals . ( i . e . the highest point of any given year in the income 2 of 2 chart . )
1947 – 1967 – proprietor income . during the post world war ii period , the u . s . economy went through a great boom and business owner income accounted for a great amount of overall american income . during this period small businesses still reigned supreme .
1968 – 2008 – personal income on assets . during the first half of this period , income on assets was roughly in line with proprietor income and transfer receipts as the u . s . left the gold standard , went through a series of recessions ( 1969 - 1970 , 1973 - 1975 and 1980 - 1982 ) , and battled high inflation . over the second half of the period , beginning in 1981 , income on assets began to increase rapidly as a source of income . a reduction in income and capital gains taxes in the mid 1980s and booming capital markets were both responsible for the change in the degree to which americans relied on income on assets .
2008 - ? – current transfer receipts . once the great recession hit at the tail end of 2007 , transfer receipts became the second largest source of income for americans . this occurred for multiple reasons . first , income on assets as a source decreased as interest rates plunged . second , the front end of the baby boom generation began to draw on social programs such as medicare and social security for the first time . third , unemployment and other social programs that act as shock stabilizers during economic downturns kicked in .
the source of american income speaks to the demographic make - up of the nation and the post world war ii globalization and conglomeration of business . by simply following two trends : t he baby boom generation ( individuals born between 1946 and 1964 ) and the globalization of business after world war ii , the secondary sources of income are logical .
small businesses , dominant prior to world war ii , gave way to larger corporations , hence the decline in proprietor income .
by the 1970s the baby boom generation started to collect a paycheck and began saving and investing during a period of rising interest rates . globalization and the rise of big business since the 1970s generally increased profits and , when coupled with a lower tax rate , allowed for income on assets to become the second largest source of income .


a testbed ( also " test bed " ) is a platform for conducting rigorous , transparent , and replicable testing of scientific theories , computational tools , and new technologies .

the term is used across many disciplines to describe experimental research and new product development platforms and environments .

they may vary from hands-on prototype development in manufacturing industries such as automobiles ( known as " mules " ) , aircraft engines or systems and to intellectual property refinement in such fields as computer software development shielded from the hazards of testing live .

testbed

changes made within the testbed to your epp password will affect only the testbed , and will persist only until the next reset cycle . no data in the testbed will be copied to the live register .
work on testbed 14 commenced with the elicitation of sponsor requirements in 2017 . among the organizations providing testbed sponsorship are the following ogc members :
a whois server is available for the testbed to assist with testing . the testbed server is at testbed - whois . nominet . org . uk . usage limits of 100 , 000 requests per day are in force .
testbed is the primary api for writing unit tests for angular applications and libraries .
a list of signees of the atis testbed confidentiality agreement can be found here .
atis robocalling testbed connectivity guidelines - participants who have returned both the atis confidentiality agreement and neustar robocalling testbed use policy can request the latest copy by contacting technical support .
testbed is a common way to describe testing rooms at robotics facilities . for example , a testbed may allow robot driven processes such as manufacturing steps to be tested .
if you have any questions about the atis robocalling testbed , please contact jim mceachern .
is a facility for conducting rigorous tests . the following are common types of testbed .
nine easy - to - follow examples using testbed , fixtures , async and fakeasync / tick .
testing utilities : testbed , inject , fixtures , async , fakeasync / tick and jasmine . done .
your epp password for the testbed ( and the associated ip address ) can be changed via the online service . such changes will be reflected in the testbed after the next daily reset cycle . changes to the
information regarding the wfs 3 . 0 hackathon , which will feed results into testbed 14 . is now available .
testbed , similarly to @ ngmodule helps us to set up the dependencies for our tests . we call testbed . configuretestingmodule passing our configuration . this information will then be used to resolve any dependencies . we can see an example below :
these details can be changed at any time , and will be reflected on the testbed server only after its next reset cycle .
for dependencies defined at the component level we need to use the component injector as shown above . testbed . get or inject won’t work .
on the testbed , a clone of all tags on the testbed has been provided - all connection ip addresses are the same . this tag can be used to transfer a domain name to your tag and generate a notification . the name of the cloned tag is generated as follows :
to test create requests which are referred for manual intervention , applications made to the testbed for domain names ending
urltoken
are validated automatically .
first we load the dependencies required for our tests with testbed . configuretestingmodule . then on our spec we use inject to automatically instantiate each dependency .
the term testbed is primarily associated with the testing of aircraft engines . this typically means fixing the engine to a fixed location and testing it on the ground . engines are also tested on a
flying testbed
meaning an aircraft fitted with both its original engines and an engine that ' s in development .
the testbed environment is as close to the live environment as possible . consequently , any ( fictional ) domain created in the testbed must have a unique name . in order to avoid potential name conflicts with other tags , it is suggested that you append your tag - name to the key of any domains you request .
we used testbed . createcomponent to create an instance of our greeter component . the component instance will be accessible within a fixture . this is its main api :
noaa ' s hydrometeorolgy testbed ( hmt ) is a joint oar — nws testbed motivated to make communities that are more resilient to the impacts of extreme precipitation on lives , property , water supply and ecosystems . hmt is co - managed by the oar physical sciences division , and the nws weather prediction center in partnership with the national water center .
flight evaluations for the rolls - royce trent xwb engine – which will power airbus’ new a350 xwb jetliner – began aboard the dedicated a380 testbed aircraft on 18 february , 2012 .
the engine for airbus’ new a350 xwb jetliner made its successful first flight on 18 february , 2012 , installed aboard the dedicated a380 testbed aircraft on its inner left wing position .
testbed 14 is organized into the following threads . these will integrate both architectural and thematic views , allowing a grouping of closely related work items and reduction of cross - thread dependencies .
the testbed database provides each registrar with a set of fictional domains , accounts , and contacts . the dataset is provided solely for testing purposes , and registrars are free to alter the data , and register new domains and accounts . the dataset will be reset daily , discarding any changes and additions made . two testbed servers will be available , a secure epp server using tlsv1 . 2 and a plain - text server . both servers will connect to the same testbed database . the secure epp server provides server authentication and data encryption but does not require ssl client authentication .
objects existing in the live registry , such as domains and registrant accounts , are not replicated in the testbed . only a clone of your registrar account , and a clone of each tag which is registered to use epp , will appear in the dataset , with id values not matching those in the live register . aside from this , all information in the testbed will be fictional . a set of domains will be created on each tag , covering a variety of different states grouped together under a series of registrants (
ok , hopefully the testbed stuff helps to identify any bugs or performance issues . i ' ve finished testcrankgearspulley now , and started on testedges . i ' m including cranks and pulleys since it was an easy update but i ' m not sure how to proceed with testedges .
the testbed 14 call for participation ( cfp ) (
part 1 cfp
) is now closed , but offers of in - kind contributions on a best - effort basis ( i . e . , not under any participation agreement contract ) will still be considered . as stated in the cfp general proposal submission guidelines , any additional in - kind scope should be offered outside the formal bidding process , where an independent determination can be made as to whether it should be included in testbed scope or not . more information can be found in the solicitation document .
later this year , the enhanced ge90 engine will operate on ge ' s 747 flying testbed aircraft at mojave , california . certification by the u . s . federal aviation administration ( faa ) is expected in december 1999 . boeing 777 aircraft powered by the ge90 pip engine are targeted for delivery beginning in mid - 2000 .
the neustar trust lab serves as the virtual industry testbed for communications service providers , equipment manufacturers and software suppliers to remotely test solutions developed for the shaken framework . participants in the testbed collaborate to test against applicable atis standards . neustar provides technical support for the relevant connectivity information , representative network configuration , its shaken software functionality and supported test scenarios amongst participants . the virtual test environment removes obstacles and accelerates the validation of caller authentication standards . the facility supports extensive call tracing which helps quickly troubleshoot during testing sessions . through neustar’s content collaboration platform , detailed call traces are shared in almost real time and test results are formally published , summarized and shared at various levels .
the ogc innovation program provides a venue for using initiatives to advance solutions to data challenges through using open standards . testbeds are ogc ' s largest initiatives , with last two testbeds averaging us $ 3 million in sponsor funding . most recently , testbed 13 was sponsored by 12 organizations from 5 countries , and brought together more than 200 individuals from 60 organizations .
meanwhile , ge’s stalwart ex - pan am operated 747 - 100 flying testbed , the oldest example of the 747 still flying , is busy wrapping up tests of the upgraded genx - 2b performance improvement package ( pip ) at victorville , calif . the upgraded engine - seen above in the number two ( inboard positiion ) - will power the 747 - 8 .
its distinct third - engine pylon is original , because when it comes to certifying a new engine , the test engine is usually installed by general electric or rolls - royce in place of one of the series’ reactors , present under the wing . however , honeywell’s testbed engine has its limits . it can only be used for small reactors weighing a maximum of around 700 kg .
testbed 14 will be ogc ' s 100th initiative . over the course of past initiatives , ogc has helped develop new standards and architectures that have transformed how we share and use geospatial information , from advancing sharing of digital maps over the web ( e . g . wms ) to new encodings ( e . g . geopackage ) that are empowering mobile users with powerful geospatial tools .
the atis robocalling testbed , exclusively hosted by the neustar trust lab , serves as the industry interoperability test facility to validate the effectiveness of caller authentication standards developed by the internet engineering task force ( ietf ) and atis . specifically , atis developed “signature - based handling of asserted information using tokens” ( shaken ) as an implementation framework for service providers to better combat robocalls and call spoofing on ip - based networks .
the testbed is set up in a way that allows a new test to be added efficiently . when a new test is defined , only the parts of the code which make it unique need to be written . functions which are the same for all tests such as creating / destroying / resetting , and the control panel checkboxes and buttons , are handled by the main program code and never need to be changed .
, so if this default input ( mouse dragging of objects etc ) is enough , then you may not need to override the input functions at all . likewise if you are not doing anything special for rendering or physics control , you don ' t need to override step ( ) either . in fact , some of the example tests in the testbed are nothing more than a constructor to set up the scene . i told you it was simple didn ' t i . . . ?
emulab is a network testbed , giving researchers a wide range of environments in which to develop , debug , and evaluate their systems . the name emulab refers both to a facility and to a software system . the primary emulab installation is run by the flux group , part of the school of computing at the university of utah . there are also installations of the emulab software at more than two dozen sites around the world , ranging from testbeds with a handful of nodes up to testbeds with hundreds of nodes . emulab is widely used by computer science researchers in the fields of networking and distributed systems . it is also designed to support education , and has been used to teach classes in those fields .
the newer 747 will provide greater capability than the 1960s - era legacy testbed in terms of a larger flight performance envelope , greater range and payload , and improved integrated systems . powered by cf6 - 80c2 engines , the 747 - 400 will have excess performance and better capability says ge . the current aircraft is barely able to achieve the 43 , 000 ft required for 787 engine test points for sustained periods , whereas this will comfortably be achieved with the newer version , it adds . aside from greater range and endurance , up to 15 hours of flight time versus the 8 to 9 hour flights normally flown by the current 747 , the newer aircraft is also configured with contemporary arinc 429 - based digital avionics .
general electric’s new boeing 747 - 400 flying testbed has been delivered to evergreen aviation technologies ( egat ) in taiwan for installation of data racks , instrumentation wiring and instrumentation equipment . the aircraft is also scheduled to undergo wing structural modifications during the second half of the year in readiness for its first test flights in 2014 . the aircraft was flown to egat from taikoo aircraft engineering , xiamen , where heavy maintenance and interior modifications had been performed . ge , which continues to operate its original pratt & whitney jt9d - powered 747 - 100 , acquired the ex - japan airlines - 400 in december 2010 as part of preparations for tests of a new wave of engines including the cfm leap - 1 , passport business jet engine , genx derivatives and the forthcoming ge9x for the proposed 777x .
. it is a character based web browser developed for use on terminals . it uses the libwww http / 1 . 1 implementation including a full http / 1 . 1 persistent cache , history lists etc .
henrik frystyk nielsen , @ ( # ) $ id : overview . html , v 1 . 34 1998 / 05 / 04 19 : 38 : 24 frystyk exp $
html public
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urltoken
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we are the creators , the innovators , the game changers , driven by our passion for developing outstanding games . we are yggdrasil .
we provide superior online and mobile casino games , enriching a whole industry with game changing solutions .
a collection of in - game promotional tools designed to increase player retention and game engagement .
source is our dedicated client zone . a centralised source of information about all things yggdrasil .
we are proud to be the first major game provider to switch fully to html5 , and its html client framework isense 2 . 0 continues to lead the field .
yggdrasil table games , starting with multiplayer blackjack , are set to break new ground in online casino gaming .
players will enter an immersive 3d casino world where they can interact with motion captured dealers . a number of dealers will be released , the first named sonya .
html public
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urltoken
it may take a while until all images are loaded and animation runs smoothly .
configures and initializes environment for unit testing and provides methods for creating components and services in unit tests .
initialize the environment for testing with a compiler factory , a platformref , and an angular module . these are common to every test in the suite .
this may only be called once , to set up the common providers for the current test suite on the current platform . if you absolutely need to change the providers , first use resettestenvironment .
test modules and platforms for individual platforms are available from ' @ angular / / testing ' .
allows overriding default compiler providers and settings which are defined in test _ injector . js
allows overriding default providers , directives , pipes , modules of the test injector , which are defined in test _ injector . js
compile components with a templateurl for the test ' s ngmodule . it is necessary to call this function as fetching urls is asynchronous .
exported from @ angular / core / testing / index , defined in @ angular / core / testing / test _ bed . ts
the kickoff event has been rescheduled to take place tuesday - thursday , 10 - 12 april , 2018 . the venue will be the usgs national centeri n reston , virginia . registration , agenda , and hotel details can be found at urltoken
in addition to creating new standards , testbeds provide a unique platform where sponsors can outsource the rapid generation of prototypes and test environments with a number of leading organizations in their field . testbeds result in more than just new and updated standards : outcomes include guides , overviews , and best practices for solving leading - edge geospatial problems . please consult these stakeholder interviews for additional perspectives .
the detailed work to be performed on each thread can be found in the solicitation document .
anybody wishing to learn more about this initiative , or about the ogc interoperability program in general , can contact scott serich , director innovation programs at sserich ( at ) urltoken or visit the ogc innnovation program page .
last updated 2018 - 02 - 27 at 14 : 35 us eastern time .
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epp is available in a test environment ( operational test and evaluation - ot & e ) to provide a safe ' sandbox ' database for registrars to test their systems without fear of affecting data on the ' live ' registry .
your new dataset will not be available immediately - it will be set up during the next daily reset cycle .
in order to verify the identity of the secure server you will need the ' verisign class 3 public primary certification authority ' root certificate available free from urltoken ( the certificate is also distributed with most web browsers ) .
( e . g . nameserver consolidation ) will likewise not be reflected immediately .
if the tag name has less than 16 characters , the cloned tag is the same as the original with a trailing ' _ ' . for example , if the tag is ' example ' , the cloned tag is ' example _ ' .
if the tag name has 16 characters , the final character has been replaced with a ' _ ' . for example , if the tag is ' example - with - 16c ' , the cloned tag is ' example - with - 16 _ ' .
when a registrar change is requested to move a domain name to another tag , a handshake may be generated . in our live system , handshakes are automatically rejected after 5 days if no action has been taken . in the test bed , this timeout is set to one hour
hmt projects funded by noaa ' s office of weather and air quality / u . s . weather research program
every year hmt meteorologists at wpc organize the winter weather experiment and the flash flood and intense rainfall experiment to test potential new forecasting products and methods .
html public ' - / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en ' ' urltoken '
we are trying to migrate the original emulab to cloudlab . any questions please kindly contact : tsca at urltoken
we have provided a forum to pose questions and share information with other users . if you have any question , you are welcome to leave a post . forum members with ability or experience with related issues will be glad to answer your question . ( a google account is required )
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any service provider with an assigned operating company number ( ocn ) , as maintained by the national exchange carrier association , inc . ( neca ) , is eligible to participate . participation is free of charge . other parties , such as equipment manufacturers , may participate if they have solutions relevant to the shaken framework available to test .
unwanted robocalling and caller id spoofing has become a massive problem for consumers and the communication industry . as the number one complaint of the fcc , consumers are annoyed at the time they waste answering unwanted robocalls . consumers also don’t feel secure answering calls where the caller is not identified or may be falsely identified with millions lost to phone scams every year . enterprises and brands have a hard time getting a hold of their customers to share important information when they don’t pick up their calls or texts .
to address this recognized industry problem , an ietf working group drafted three related standards , which collectively define a means to authenticate the calling number , securely transport this information “on the wire” and verify it at the receiving end . to put these standards into action , the atis / sip forum ip - nni task force has developed shaken , a trusted identity framework that provides guidance for service providers implementing caller id network validation .
together , the ietf standards and shaken give service providers the tools they need to consistently authenticate , digitally sign and verify calling party numbers . this functionality enables network operators to stop suspicious calls before they reach their subscribers , or provide notifications that allow consumers to decide whether to answer a call . shaken also includes important capabilities to assist law enforcement in finding the source of unwanted calls .
results from the testing will remain confidential under non - disclosure agreements . aggregate and anonymized findings will be shared in the atis testbeds focus group to further advance caller id spoofing and robocalling solutions .
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this paper explains the integration process of an autonomous quadcopter platform and the design of arduino based novel software architecture that enables the execution of advanced control laws on low - cost off - the - shelf products based frameworks . here , quadcopter dynamics are explored through the classical nonlinear equations of motion . next , quadcopter is designed , built and assembled using off - the - shelf , low - cost products to carry a camera payload which is mainly utilized for any type of surveillance missions . system identification of the quadcopter dynamics is accomplished through the use of sweep data and $ cifer ^ { \ circledr } $ to obtain the dynamic model . the unstable , non - linear quadcopter dynamics are stabilized using a generic control algorithm through the novel arduino based software architecture . experimental results demonstrate the validation of the integration and the novel software package running on an arduino board to control autonomous quadcopter flights .
testbeds are used to test rocket engines and a variety of components including space communication systems . this includes software simulators as well as physical facilities .
is a virtualized software environment that allows programmers or users to make changes without fear of impacting real business data or processes .
a problem solving strategy that involves testing ideas that are assumed to be true by an individual , group , institution or society .
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in this post , we want to cover the most common unit tests to use for angular applications , like : components , services , http and pipes ; but also some less known areas like : directives , the router or observables . we will provide examples designed so you can use them as a quick reference . don’t miss out the testing checklist to help you while creating your own tests .
testing has been improved quite a lot from rc to final and even more after moving to ngmodule . the angular core team has worked hard to reduce boilerplate and be able to use not only jasmine but other tests frameworks like mocha .
there are few new apis you should know about to get the best out of your tests . we will cover :
testing examples : components , services , http and mockbackend , directives , pipes , routes , observables and eventemitter .
to test , all 26 specs or change the code , you can use this plunker .
jasmine is an open source testing framework from pivotal labs that uses behaviour - driven notation resulting in a fluent and improved testing experience .
suites — describe ( string , function ) functions , take a title and a function containing one or more specs .
specs — it ( string , function ) functions , take a title and a function containing one or more expectations .
expectations — are assertions that evaluate to true or false . basic syntax reads expect ( actual ) . tobe ( expected )
matchers — are predefined helpers for common assertions . eg : tobe ( expected ) , toequal ( expected ) . find a complete list here .
jasmine offers four handlers to add our setup and teardown code : beforeeach , aftereach executed for each spec and beforeall , afterall executed once per suite .
a good practice to avoid code duplication on our specs is to refactor repetitive code into the setup .
there are few options to setup your environment . you can use jasmine’s specrunner . html from the standalone distribution to start or create your own . you can also integrate it with a test runner like karma . we are not going to cover all combinations as we are more interested in the actual tests .
we load jasmine dependencies followed by angular ones . we are using a system . js and typescript setup . we use promise . all ( ) to load our specs in one go and , once all specs are available , we trigger jasmine test - runner manually by calling onload .
we can now refactor the inject so we don’t repeat it for each spec .
let’s see two examples of instantiating a component . the first example , is synchronous and creates a fixture containing an instance of mytestcomponent .
second example , is asynchronous , as is using external templates and css , requiring xhr calls .
we can use async when dependencies involve asynchronous handling . this will internally create a zone and deal with any asynchronous processing .
can i use mocks , stubs or spies ? dependencies should be covered by their own tests . using them can boost your tests without losing efficacy .
sync or async ? does your test makes asynchronous calls ? uses xhr , promises , observables , etc . is the component using templateurl or styleurls or inline ? make sure you are using the corresponding apis .
let’s see how we can test the different building blocks of our application . we are going to skip all required imports for brevity . we added notes when necessary . they can be found here .
let’s take a simple component that renders a greeting message using an @ input ( ) property .
a common practice is to use beforeeach to refactor our tests . by doing it , we avoid having to repeat some code like inject for each test . this will also simplify our specs .
we used the name property to set up a value , trigger change detection with detectchanges and check the expected result when all asynchronous calls have ended using whenstable . in order to access the rendered text we used two different apis filtering by a css selector ( lines 22–23 ) .
other queries for debugelement are : query ( by . all ( ) ) query ( by . directive ( mydirective ) )
languagesservice has only one method that returns an array of available languages for the application .
similar to our previous example we instantiate the service using beforeeach . as we said , this is a good practice even if we only have one spec . on this occasion , we are checking each individual language and the total count .
we usually don’t want to make http calls during our tests but we are going to show it as a reference . we have replaced our initial service , languageservice for languageservicehttp .
in this case it uses http . get ( ) to read a json file . we then used observable . map ( ) to transform the response into the final result using json ( ) .
our test looks very similar to the previous one . the main difference is the use of an asynchronous test as we did with the component due to the subscribe .
http . get ( ) returns an observable that we can subscribe to . we will cover observables in more detail later on .
a more sensible approach is replacing http calls with a mockbackend . in order to do this , we can use provide ( line 10 ) . this will allow us to mock our responses and avoid hitting the real backend , therefore , boosting our tests .
on our test we build our mocked response ( lines 23–25 ) so when we finally make the call to our service it gets the expected results .
directives in angular are a specific type of component with usually no accompanying view . we will use an attribute directive , logclicks , that logs how many clicks we do on the host element so you can grasp the idea .
in order to test this directive , we decided to create a container component . we will set it up so it will act as our host reproducing the events emitted by our directive .
we used beforeeach to separate the logic for creating the component from the tests . this part can now be used for all specs .
to trigger the click on the container we used the dom api ( recommended ) . we could also use fixture . debugelement . triggereventhandler ( ‘click’ ) .
in this test , we used fakeasync and tick . using fakeasync all asynchronous processing will be paused until we call tick . this gives us greater control and avoids having to resort to nested blocks of promises or observables .
using fakeasync / tick we get greater control of the asynchronous code although it can’t be used with xhr .
pipes are functions that can transform input data into a user - readable format . we will write a custom capitalise pipe , capitalise , using the standard string . touppercase ( ) . this is only for simplicity as angular has its own uppercasepipe implementation .
pipes are just plain classes that can be injected so we can set up our specs very easily using inject .
in order to test our pipe we checked the common cases : it should work with empty string , it should capitalise and finally that it throws when not used with a string .
routes are sometimes left out but it is usually seen as a good practice for double - entry bookkeeping . in our example , we will use a simple route configuration with only a few routes and an otherwise route pointing to home .
first route definition catches the initial route if none was provided redirecting to home ( line 14 ) . the second instantiates the home component ( line 15 ) ; last one captures all remaining routes and redirects them also to home ( line 16 ) . our tests will use these routes to check our expectations out .
we imported routertestingmodule . withroutes ( routes ) to initialise the router instance with the routes for our tests ( line 6 ) . in the code above we tested , we can navigate to home using async , asyncfake / tick and done . notice how we can write a nicer test using asyncfake as we don’t have to nest the promise handling .
observables are great to handle asynchronous tasks . they are used in few places in angular like http , form controls , validations or behind eventemitter . we will use the observable below to show how we can test their behaviour .
we created an observable that emits 1 , 2 , 3 and completes . in order to test it , we set up the next , error and complete callbacks on subscribe . as next callback will be called few times we have to set our expectations dynamically .
eventemitters are used in angular to communicate events between components . we created a counter component , counter , that allows us to increment or decrement an initial value of zero . each time that we do that the new value will be pushed using an eventemitter exposed as changes .
in this case , we check that we can increment or decrement using subscribe on the eventemitter as it exposes an observable . we trigger the different values by calling the change method and check our expectations within the next callback .
you have all tests included in this post and more on the demo plunker .
angularzone community welcome to our community . our passion is angular . join us ! 🚀
unit tests for angular applications talk by vikram subramanian ( @ vikerman ) at ng - europe . video | slides
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released . customizable item labels , snap - to - grid , export filtering , full - text help search .
released . command - line interface for batch jobs , hotkeys for scripts , better script management .
released . now supports weld , friction , motor joints and automatic image reloading .
: a sample project to load r . u . b . e scenes into chipmunk physics !
: an xcode sample project to load r . u . b . e scenes on ios is now available .
functions which are unique to each test - how the scene should be set up , what mouse / keyboard input should do , etc - can be specified as necessary . before we add a test of our own , let ' s take a look at the life - cycle of a test .
the parts in orange are where we will be adding or changing code to make our own test . to be more specific , we will create a subclass of the test class which handles all the common features of a test , and override some functions in our subclass . let ' s take a look at some virtual functions in the test class to see what we can use .
the first of these , step ( ) implements the stepping of the physics , and renders the scene . the other three , keyboard ( ) , mousedown ( ) and mouseup ( ) allow us to get some information about what the user is doing . there is no function to override to set up the scene , because this will be done in the constructor of the subclass .
there are also some class member variables accessible from the subclass that will come in handy . these variables which keep track of the main box2d world object which all the other thingies live in , and a body which represents the ground , a very common requirement in many simulations ! we ' ll look at what a world and a body are a little later .
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this example shows a four - wheel drive vehicle with open and limited slip differentials . the front and rear differentials can be standard or type i torsen . the center differential can be a solid shaft , viscous coupling , viscous coupling with a locking clutch , or open with no torque transfer . the differential options are in variant subsystems . the variants can be selected using the hyperlinks embedded in the model .
to test the effect of limited slip differentials , the road surface in the model can be configured such that the tires are on surfaces with varying coefficients of friction . this is configured in the dialog box for the subsystem road .
the plot below shows the results of a four - wheel drive vehicle accelerating from rest with all four wheels on a low friction surface , such as ice . two meters in front of the vehicle starting position is a high friction surface , such as dry tarmac . open differentials are used on the front and rear and a viscous coupling is used on the center differential . as a result , all four wheels slip until all reach a high friction surface .
the plot below shows the results of a four - wheel drive vehicle accelerating from rest with the front wheels on a low friction surface , such as ice , and the front wheels on a high friction surface , such as dry tarmac . the test is run four times with different configurations for the center differential . the shaft connection and the lockup clutch provide the fastest acceleration .
the plot below shows the results of a four - wheel drive vehicle accelerating from rest with the left wheels on a low friction surface , such as ice , and the right wheels on a high friction surface , such as dry tarmac . the test is run twice with different configurations for the front and rear differential . the torsen differential automatically locks under the split surface condition , resulting in faster acceleration .
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i updated the hello world example to the latest svn version . just in case any new person wants to see a quick and easy way to set up with the new api changes . [ edit ] had a bit more time on my hands and updated testccd and testbridge as well . i ' m uploading them now in case i run out of time to work on them tonight . i ' ll do the rest and upload when i ' m done .
ok , i updated the ragdoll test as well . goes to show the state of the port though . . . performance is terrible . no offense intended boris , i know you are working on your own and its not done .
do you think you could make this a patch , rather than files ? it ' s a pain , but it is much easier for me to review changes , and apply . i ' m sorry to hear performance is terrible . there ' s much inlining to do to re - create the original level , but i suspect the c + + version i ' ve ported also has a performance hit .
sure , i didn ' t realize it was that easy to create a patch . always finding new reasons to love tortoisesvn . as for the performance , i ' m glad to help work on that in any way i can , when i can . i ' ve been holding off looking into it at all until 2 . 1 was closer to release . now that it is though i will try to find a bit of free time to help out .
committed , thanks ! now i look at it there are some problems with the ragdoll example . i think it is a bug in solving continuous physics with joints , rather than general performance issue . i ' ll take a look .
my main problem comes from the way fixtures and shapes are now . i did some research into the c + + examples and erin ' s comments on those ( from his forum post about the big changes . ) i have to say i ' m a bit confused now . according to what he said , edges are now just polygonshapes with only two vertices . . . but if everything has a radius now isn ' t the radius for those shapes going to be quite large in relation to their thickness ? maybe i ' m not understanding it quite right .
/ / / create a chain of edges on the provided body . the edge chain does not alter the mass
/ / / of the body , this must be done manually through b2body : : setmassdata .
this in turn calls an internal static function for connection the edges . i notice that in the as3 port this is still part of b2body . as , but the corresponding createedgechain is missing / commented out with a todo . from what i can tell in the c + + code base ( haven ' t dug really deeply in it , more of a cursory glance , ) edge chains are being created by passing in the def and looping over the vertices to create b2edgedef and eventually a fixture with an edgeshape .
now , i understand what is going on here but i don ' t feel comfortable enough to make a decision on where to update it . if you have an idea of what you want though i ' m more than happy to finish up . let me know .
perhaps i ' m being stupid , but i don ' t see this b2createedgechain stuff in the c + + ? i ' ll port it when i find it . and yes , edges will have a marginal thickness . there are a few other minor short comings , which is what makes me reluctant to discard the old edge stuff quite yet . i ' ve just commented out enough to make it compile . i don ' t have any plans to fix it up , though , as it ' s apparent this is a lot of work . it ' s there in case using polygons doesn ' t work out .
it is defiined several times in \ trunk \ source \ dynamics \ b2edgechain . h and implemented once in \ trunk \ source \ dynamics \ b2edgechain . cpp wierdly enough the file seems to be in triplicate . . . didn ' t know a beaurocrat wrote it . its not much of a different algorithm than what is currently commented out of the as port . i was more curious where it should go . also , it is referencing b2edgeshapedef and b2edgeshape . . . which i haven ' t looked into to see if its more than a polygon with 2 verts .
once considered mere gathering places for teens , skate parks have emerged in recent years as intriguing test beds for forward - thinking urban ideas .
but the main purpose of the near - lunar habitat will be as a test bed for the new - generation electric propulsion systems that will also be crucial for a mars trip .
ford has been using miami as a test bed for its self - driving vehicles since earlier this year .
as berger points out , throughout the 1980s , the mig - 105 was used less as a way for the soviets to get that space plane design in orbit , and more as a test bed for the buran space shuttle program .
that still allows planners to use the model as a test bed to game out the consequences of taking action a , b , or c .
what if a nuke goes off in washington , d . c . ? simulations of artificial societies help planners cope with the unthinkable ,
the discover offers a new test bed for understanding the ripples in space - time known as gravitational waves .
the network could be a test bed for researchers hoping to fix some of the internet’s flaws , not least the ease with which users can forge or steal identities .
pickups , like all new vehicles , provide a technology test bed for the latest in connectivity , semi - autonomous safety features and lightweight materials .
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honeywell flies a boeing 757 with a difference . the test aircraft is distinguished from an average 757 by a strange outgrowth - a unique extra engine mount . the third engine on the right - hand side of its forward fuselage is used to test the american equipment manufacturer’s various engines .
honeywell uses this flying laboratory to test in - flight business jet engines under development . the jet has been used for research and development by the us company since 2008 , and has completed more than 400 flight tests in some 15 countries .
as for the boeing 757’s aerodynamics , these are slightly modified . but according to honeywell , it doesn ' t affect the overall handling characteristics of the 757 , which has over 1 , 700 flying hours under its belt .
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farnborough - ge aircraft engines is testing an enhanced ge90 with new technologies to increase on - wing life , fuel burn , and thrust on the boeing 777 .
the ge90 ' s performance improvement program ( pip ) will further enhance the engine ' s industry - leading fuel burn and payload capability .
pip improvements will provide the ge90 with an exhaust gas temperature ( egt ) margin enhancement of up to 20 o c , a fuel burn reduction of approximately 1 . 7 percent , and the capability to boost thrust up to 93 , 000 pounds .
these performance improvements are being achieved through advanced 3 - d aerodynamic design in the compressor and optimized rotor - to - stator clearances in the fan and turbines .
earlier this summer , core engine tests were successfully run at ge ' s altitude facility in evendale , ohio . a full ge90 engine was put on test in august at ge ' s outdoor test facility at peebles , ohio .
increased customer value is a primary driver in our decision to introduce these new improvements in the engine ,
said chaker chahrour , general manager of ge90 project .
we also have our eye on the engine ' s growth potential for the future . testing to date has confirmed realization of our overall objectives .
a prime benefit of the pip - - reduced fuel burn - will provide cost savings from the lower fuel requirement and lower fuel weight , allowing a greater proportion of aircraft takeoff weight to be devoted to increased payload .
the ge90 currently offers roughly a 1 . 4 percent advantage in fuel burn compared to competing engines . this ge90 edge translates to savings of up to $ 150 , 000 ( u . s . ) in fuel and up to $ 540 , 000 in revenues attributable to increased payload capacity in a typical year ' s operation .