muela ( full name manufacturas muela ) is a spanish knife manufacturer based in ciudad real with an annual output of about 350 000 pieces a year .

the products include hunting , combat , luxury , outdoor and folding knives and knife accessories .

muela ( knife manufacturer )

the best survival knife ? muela 5161 knife review . ( hd ) - youtube
muela knives is a prominent knife manufacturer , widely known for designing custom - based knives . based in ciudad real , the knifing brand is approached for knives and accessories for various purposes such as hunting luxury , combat and outdoor . founded by elation muela , muela has been the top spanish knife manufacturer since 1952 .
here i review the muela 5161 military ( probably ) issue knife . muela is a spanish knife manufacturer , not that known apparently , but a company that i personally feel is quite good at manufacturing quality knives . have a look and do feel free to share your views . enjoy ! : - )
you will find great prices and a wide selection of muela knives when you visit our online catalog of muela knives .
muela knives are custom spanish hunting knives that have been made by the muela family for generations , and utilize tough moly - vanadium stainless steel . each muela hunting knife is handsome as well as functional with handle materials that include red stag antler , exotic stabilized hardwoods and pakawood™ . all muela knives are built to last and carry a one - year full replacement guarantee .
companies were started by eladio muela león in the mid 1950s , encouraged by the great success of his handcrafted 38 - pieces folding knife with the german engineers of the empetrol refinery , where eladio was working at the time .
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y los reyes magos
muela
llegaron a la casa de mario . . .
numerous muela knives and muela pocket knives count on the attractive complement of the spear of red deer in their handles , material that also is selected , prepared and fit in its own manufacture .
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the catalogue of muela knives includes varied types of hunting knives and deportivos such as remate , enterizo , tácticos , canguros , plegables , and submarinos . however , different examples of handcrafted knives , gourmet , cases , tubing and accessories are also on offer . a family owned and managed online megastore , knife country usa gets you the best deals on muela knives at the most competitive rates .
cuchilleria muela is located in ciudad real , spain . all of their knives are hand - ground and hand - finished . they are very careful to use only the highest quality hand selected stag for their handles . the steel is specially tempered and attains a razor sharp edge longer than most spanish made knives . each knife comes with a custom leather sheath , certificate of guarantee and gift box . please check out our growing selection of muela knives .
muela knives and muela pocket knives are proud to conserve in the elaboration of many of their knives a high component craftsman , resorting to the ancestral one it files and the good one for making of the expert hands to obtain to great quality models .
muela knives is dedicated to make bowie knives , hunting knives , survival knives scuba diving knives , big knives , mount knives , luxe knives , . . .
one is located in ciudad real ( spain ) with a experience in the sector of but of 50 years and its present production of muela knives number in 350 , 000 pieces to the year .
. . . because ever since muela was born , our products : luxury , handcrafted , sporting , tactical knives and folding knives for hunting , were exported outside spain , as well as selling in all parts of our country .
the ideal construction of muela knives is composed of stainless steel alloys with vanadium , chromium and molybdenum , in preset proportions . some of the luxury knives are equipped with damascus steel for superior finish and impressive functional life . because of such reasons , the annual production output is nearly 350 , 000 pieces in the current scenario .
once chosen the metal taps for the different models , generally , maraging steel of high quality alloyed to the vanadium chromium molybdenum , the necessary processes for the obtaining of each piece take i finish in own manufacture .
from the cut of plates , the mechanized ones anticipated in each leaf , rectified and heat treatments or superficial are executed in modern machines , many attended by informatic technology and controlled by special technical personnel .
the factory counts on a department of guarnicionería , where they are designed , they cut , they sew and they finish off the skins that become the covers that accompany the different models .
in the luxe knives , produced in limited and numbered series , noble metal trimmings are included , being pieces executed by the best goldsmiths . in them handles or handle elaborated with selected spear of exotic red deer mount or wood , more difficult to work than the habitual ones , but whose affluent result compensates the effort and greater cost
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these same engineers ordered knives from him to take back to their country and this , together with his business spirit , were the stimulus he needed to set up his first handcrafted folding knives and knives factory , employing seven people .
the profit obtained was invested in machinery to make the factory more productive , so that in a short time it was enlarged and located in argamasilla de calatrava , in ciudad real .
knives , in argamasilla de calatrava , occupy an area of more than 5 , 000 m2 and they are equipped with the most modern manufacturing and machining systems , producing more than 350 , 000 units per year , of which 70 % are exported to more than 50 countries in the five continents .
is currently one of the reference firms in handcrafted knives for hunting , both in spain and the rest of the world , and its knives and penknives are highly appreciated for their top quality .
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damascus knives from olamic , aquila , boker , maserin , mcusta . . .
miniature knives for sale from maserin , nontron , linder , opinel . . .
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stainless sawback blade . checkered black rubber handle . black finish stainless guard . black leather belt sheath .


gallaher group is a united kingdom-based multinational tobacco company .

it was traded on the london stock exchange and was a constituent of the ftse 100 index , prior to its april 2007 acquisition by japan tobacco .

gallaher group

tom gallaher started out in business in northern ireland , laying the foundations for the gallaher group .
acquisition of austria tabak . * * topics of gallaher before participating in the jt group
gallaher continued to make acquisitions . in 1984 , it purchased prestige group plc . under the
acquisition of liggett - ducat ( russia ) . * * topics of gallaher before participating in the jt group
gallaher group plc .
international directory of company histories . . retrieved july 09 , 2018 from urltoken urltoken
airton cigar sales limited ; benson & hedges , ltd . ; benson & hedges ( dublin ) ltd . ; cope & lloyd ( overseas ) ltd . ; cope brothers & co . , ltd . ; gallaher ( dublin ) limited ; gallaher ( ukraine ) limited ; gallaher asia limited ; gallaher asset finance 1998 limited ; gallaher asset finance 2000 limited ; gallaher austria ( holdings ) limited ; gallaher austria limited ; gallaher benelux limited ; gallaher canarias sa ; gallaher finance and distribution limited ; gallaher finance limited ; gallaher finance overseas limited ; gallaher france eurl ; gallaher group plc ; gallaher hellas sa ; gallaher international limited ; gallaher kazakhstan llc ; gallaher limited ; gallaher overseas ( holdings ) limited ; gallaher overseas limited ; gallaher pensions holdings limited ; gallaher pensions limited ; gallaher quest trustees limited ; gallaher services limited ; gallaher spain s . a . ; j . r . f . realty , inc . ; roughburn forestry limited ; s . n . farms limited ; s . n . woodlands limited ; silk cut ( dublin ) limited ; silk cut sa ; the galleon insurance company limited ; the schooner insurance company limited .
principal subsidiaries : airton cigar sales limited ; benson & hedges , ltd . ; benson & hedges ( dublin ) ltd . ; cope & lloyd ( overseas ) ltd . ; cope brothers & co . , ltd . ; gallaher ( dublin ) limited ; gallaher ( ukraine ) limited ; gallaher asia limited ; gallaher asset finance 1998 limited ; gallaher asset finance 2000 limited ; gallaher austria ( holdings ) limited ; gallaher austria limited ; gallaher benelux limited ; gallaher canarias sa ; gallaher finance and distribution limited ; gallaher finance limited ; gallaher finance overseas limited ; gallaher france eurl ; gallaher group plc ; gallaher hellas sa ; gallaher international limited ; gallaher kazakhstan llc ; gallaher limited ; gallaher overseas ( holdings ) limited ; gallaher overseas limited ; gallaher pensions holdings limited ; gallaher pensions limited ; gallaher quest trustees limited ; gallaher services limited ; gallaher spain s . a . ; j . r . f . realty , inc . ; roughburn forestry limited ; s . n . farms limited ; s . n . woodlands limited ; silk cut ( dublin ) limited ; silk cut sa ; the galleon insurance company limited ; the schooner insurance company limited .
gallaher limited began the 1990s with a strategy based on diversification . further strategic development of gallaher
gallaher group plc , which makes silk cut and benson & hedges cigarettes , was taken over by japan tobacco earlier this year .
the tobacco group gallaher is to axe 430 jobs and close its dublin factory as part of a move to restructure its european operations .
gallaher group plc .
international directory of company histories . . encyclopedia . com . ( july 9 , 2018 ) . urltoken
the jt group ' s overseas history began with the founding of austria tabak in vienna .
the bulk of the group ' s rest of the world sales are in the republic .
tokyo — japan tobacco has acquired gallaher group for $ 15 billion , both sides said wednesday , in what was the biggest japanese overseas acquisition ever .
a spokesman for gallaher , part of the japan tobacco group which now owns the factory , blamed a 50 % reduction in sales since 1999 for the closure .
gallaher group plc , the uk tobacco group that closed its plant in tallaght , dublin , last year , has seen a rise in its irish operating profits despite a fall in its irish turnover . lower costs and higher prices more than compensated for a fall in irish sales .
acquisition of cres neva ltd . ( russia ) . glamour is launched ( russia , ukraine , kazakhstan ) . * * topics of gallaher before participating in the jt group
gallaher group plc ' s head office is located in weybridge in the uk and the group has four divisions , which together employ over 12 , 000 people . these comprise : u . k . , europe , commonwealth of independent states ( cis ) and rest - of - world .
nigel dunlop , the group operations director , said :
any proposal to reduce jobs is regrettable , particularly when our employees contribute so much to the success of the group .
it broke the news to its staff yesterday .
the u . k . division is based at the group ' s headquarters in weybridge . gallaher is one of two leading tobacco companies operating in the u . k . market . the group leads the premium cigarette and cigar markets and has strong positions in the value cigarette and handrolling tobacco markets .
gallaher ' s brands are available in some 80 countries throughout europe , the c . i . s . , africa , and asia . in 2005 , the group sold 174 billion cigarettes , and in the first six months of 2006 , gallaher sold 85 . 5 billion cigarettes .
japan tobacco , the overseas distributor for winston , camel and salem cigarettes , and gallaher group , the british - based maker of silk cut and benson & hedges cigarettes , originally announced the deal last december .
gallaher ' s c . i . s . division is founded on strong cigarette market positions in russia , kazakhstan and ukraine . the group ' s russian brands are produced at its moscow factory . this is gallaher ' s largest facility with an annual production capacity of around 65 billion sticks . gallaher also has factories at almaty , kazakhstan and cherkassy , ukraine .
gallaher ' s europe division is based in vienna , austria . the group leads the austrian and republic of ireland cigarette markets and has positions in many other european markets in the e . u . and central and eastern europe . gallaher also has leading tobacco distribution positions in austria and germany .
gallaher acquires the u . k . and irish interests of benson & hedges .
in the commonwealth of independent states , gallaher ' s objective is to grow regional market share while increasing the proportion of its brands sold in the intermediate - and higher - priced sectors across the region . gallaher has experienced strong gains in russia , where the group has a 17 % market share ( in 2005 ) .
british american tobacco p . l . c . ; imperial tobacco group plc ; philip morris international inc . ( u . s . a . ) .
i am pleased to welcome gallaher and its employees into the jt group ,
said japan tobacco ' s chief executive , hiroshi kimura .
this acquisition is a significant milestone in the development of jt ' s international tobacco business .
the group , which makes silk cut and benson & hedges cigarettes in the uk , said the job cuts would affect its british , irish and austrian operations .
analysts said the restructuring would save the group £12m . gallaher ' s shares rose 11 . 5p to 592 . 5p . the plans follow the closure of its malmo factory in sweden last year , which it acquired as part of the austria tabak deal .
from its humble beginnings as a quick stop copy center , the gallaher group has been serving its clients for more than 30 years , under the watchful eye of owners john and stephanie gallaher . the gallahers pride themselves on being mindful of the wants and needs of their customers and continually work to offer new and expanded services . mailing services were added in 1984 , graphic design in 1987 , photography in 2001 and website design in 2007 . throughout its history , the gallaher group has added numerous printing presses ranging from one - color to full - color , always striving to remain on the cutting edge of printing innovation .
principal competitors : british american tobacco p . l . c . ; imperial tobacco group plc ; philip morris international inc . ( u . s . a . ) .
gallaher demerged from american brands in may , 1997 and , for the first time , gallaher group plc ' s shares were listed on both the london stock exchange and its a . d . r . ' s on the new york stock exchange . american brands also took the step of changing its name , and is now known as fortune brands , inc .
the deal was approved by gallaher shareholders march 9 , and was granted final court approval tuesday .
within a year of the tobacco advertising ban , gallaher introduced a new entry in the budget - priced sector of the cigarette market . the brand may fair was introduced , and it joined gallaher
gallaher was founded by tom gallaher , who in 1857 started his own business in londonderry , making and selling pipe tobaccos . within 16 years , he had prospered enough to move to larger premises in
the company flourished and in 1928 it became a public limited company . it was forty years later that gallaher established their offices , as well as a factory , in dublin , at an opening officiated by taoiseach jack lynch . following a period of restructuring that began with the acquisition of the gallaher group by jt , the irish operations have been trading as jti ireland since 2009 .
gallahers is a cigarette , tobacco and cigar manufacturer . the business was founded by the late tom gallaher
demand for gallaher ' s american blended cigarettes in europe is largely met by manufacturing facilities in austria .
s shares . it was arranged that the chairman and chief executive of gallaher limited would sit on the board of american brands , while american brands would have non - executive directors on the gallaher board .
after the acquisition of katokichi co . , ltd . and fuji foods corporation , jt concentrates its processed food operations , including frozen food and seasonings operations , at the katokichi group .
the group ' s strategy is to maintain and develop strong market positions , capitalising on its proven ability to build brand equity . in the key uk cigarette market , gallaher aims to defend vigorously its leading position in the high margin premium sector and to continue to increase its share of the growing low price sector . gallaher ' s international strategy is to continue to develop a balanced portfolio of interests in established and emerging markets with growth prospects - - either independently or through strategic alliances or acquisitions . the group ' s core international sales concentrate on building brands for local smokers . innovative advertising and creative marketing initiatives have built up brand recognition and loyalty with gallaher ' s consumers over many years . this brand equity and superior marketing skills enable the group to meet , and anticipate , changing trends , and to continue to develop new markets , with new brands and line extensions .
using its standing as a subsidiary of a giant conglomerate , gallaher was able to continue its expansion and diversification without severely troubling its balance sheet . dollond & aitchison ' s overseas expansion began in 1974 with the acquisition of the italian company salmoiraghi vigano , which added the retailing of optical and medical instruments to the group ' s interests . the following year , american brands finally controlled 100 percent of gallaher ' s shares . it was arranged that the chairman and chief executive of gallaher limited would sit on the board of american brands , while american brands would have non - executive directors on the gallaher board .
it was in 1857 that tom gallaher set up his irish roll tobacco company in derry , northern ireland .
sobranie sobranie was established in 1897 , and is synonymous with super - premium luxury . over the years , gallaher has evolved a number of different brand variants within the sobranie house , delivering on gallaher’s renowned quality standards .
gallaher continued to reap success , even despite criticisms and raised eyebrows from industry analysts regarding marketing and pricing decisions made by the company . by 1996 , gallaher had grown to account for more than 50 percent of american brands
the cigarette brands sold by gallaher in the u . k . are produced at the group ' s factory in lisnafillan , northern ireland . this factory also produces virginia - blended cigarettes for export to markets in the europe and rest - of - world divisions , as well as all of gallaher ' s cigar brands that were formerly produced at the now - closed j . r . freeman cigar factory in cardiff , wales .
ld ld is gallaher’s most popular cigarette brand . it was launched in russia in 1999 , and is currently the number one brand in the value segment . having gained a strong position in c . i . s . markets , ld has been rolled out across the group’s operations – from western europe to china .
the years immediately following its spinoff from american brands were an extremely busy time for gallaher . although the tobacco industry in britain was in the midst of making a small comeback in the late 1990s , with companies like gallaher and imperial tobacco gaining listings on the london stock market , an increasingly complicated marketplace posed a number of challenges to gallaher . for one , high taxes on cigarettes in the united kingdom were pushing many consumers toward cheaper brands . although gallaher
overall , the group reported a 4 . 4 per cent rise in pre - tax profits , to £250 million , as higher uk cigarette sales offset worsening conditions in other european markets , including ireland .
two similar acquisitions followed in 1973 . the tm group , previously called mayfair , was a company operating vending machines that dispensed cigarettes , drinks , and snacks in licensed and industrial catering outlets . perhaps tm
s consumers over many years . this brand equity and superior marketing skills enable the group to meet , and anticipate , changing trends , and to continue to develop new markets , with new brands and line extensions
the gallaher group is a full - service communications company with a distinct advantage over others – all phases of your communications project can be completed in - house from project conception , design , photography , printing and mailing . it has never been easier to get your message out and , ultimately , make your business more profitable .
underwent a change that gallaher was astute enough to exploit . soon other tobacco manufacturers also began to cater to this change in tastes . by 1888 , he was producing flake tobaccos and cigarettes , which , included in the full range of gallaher products , were displayed at the irish exhibition in london during that same year . the expedition also saw the opening of gallaher
memphis memphis was launched in austria in 1897 , and is the group’s key brand in this market . the brand’s footprint has been extended into central and eastern europe , and more recently was launched in china and singapore .
gallaher continued this diversification phase by making its first foray into retail distribution . in 1971 it established the marshell group , a retail franchise operation that sold mainly tobacco products and confectionery through concessions within major retail stores across the united kingdom . within 20 years the concessions numbered around 635 , and the company also had more than 50 of its own retail outlets .
and africa . with u . k . profits diminishing , gallaher was clearly looking abroad to build the foundation for its future success .
the group owns a number of well - known brands including silk cut and benson & hedges . it said uk consumers smoked 3 . 3 per cent more of its cigarettes in the first half of 2004 despite prices continuing to go up .
mayfair mayfair was launched in 1992 , and is currently available across a selection of the group’s markets worldwide . in the u . k . , its key market , mayfair has become britain’s second best - selling king - size cigarette brand .
gallaher continued to reap success , even despite criticisms and raised eyebrows from industry analysts regarding marketing and pricing decisions made by the company . by 1996 , gallaher had grown to account for more than 50 percent of american brands ' yearly sales figures . the following year , american brands made the decision to spin off gallaher . prior to the spinoff , gallaher had helped american brands achieve $ 6 . 9 million in 1996 tobacco sales alone . following the divestiture , american brands changed its name to fortune brands , inc . the new name more accurately reflected that corporation ' s holdings - - ironically ,
american
brands had been responsible for numerous international holdings for years , including gallaher .
meanwhile , gallaher itself began to broaden its scope . an interesting and substantial acquisition in 1970 was the dollond & aitchison group , whose main specialty was the supply of optical services and advice , spectacles , contact lenses , and accessories . dollond & aitchison possessed an extensive branch network throughout the united kingdom . also acquired was a small ophthalmic instruments manufacturing and distributing operation , called keeler limited .
ronson the ronson trademark was developed in the late 1980s , and joined the gallaher portfolio when the company acquired austria tabak in 2001 . it has been a major driver of gallaher’s growth in various markets in central and eastern europe , and across the c . i . s . .
gallaher was founded by tom gallaher , who in 1857 started his own business in londonderry , making and selling pipe tobaccos . within 16 years , he had prospered enough to move to larger premises in belfast . toward the end of the 1870s , tom gallaher crossed the atlantic for the first time in order to personally supervise the buying of his company ' s tobacco leaves . he visited kentucky , north carolina , virginia , and missouri , and following his first trip the expedition became an annual event . gallaher rose to become a notable figure in trade on both sides of the atlantic .
jt significantly strengthened the international tobacco business by acquiring gallaher in 2007 and rjr nabisco ' s non - u . s . tobacco operations in 1999 .
in 1962 , gallaher acquired j . wix and sons ltd . of london , the makers of kensitas , a well - known cigarette . the company
. in fact , this severely affected the entire industry in the united kingdom , but gallaher remained confident , and continued as planned with the expansion of the eyeland express chain . within two years , dollond & aitchison had virtually completed a major restructuring of its retail and service facilities . it became the largest optical group in europe , with more than 500 outlets in the united kingdom alone and strong and profitable overseas business .
ross , sarah ,
gallaher and imperial move on austrian tabak ,
financial times ( london ) , february 19 , 2001 , p . 28 .
the company ' s roots date back to 1857 when tom gallaher started a business making irish roll tobacco in londonderry , in what is now northern ireland .
, and following his first trip the expedition became an annual event . gallaher rose to become a notable figure in trade on both sides of the atlantic .
( ec ) banned all advertising of tobacco products on u . k . television . at the time the ban was instituted , gallaher owned the united kingdom
using its standing as a subsidiary of a giant conglomerate , gallaher was able to continue its expansion and diversification without severely troubling its balance sheet . dollond & aitchison
the group sold 1 . 3 billion cigarettes in the republic in the first half of 2004 , down from 1 . 4 billion in the first half of 2003 . it retained its lead position in the market , with its share going from 49 per cent from 48 . 4 per cent .
, which sought cooperation in a study to ascertain to what degree equality of opportunity was being afforded to protestants and roman catholics . the agency had been advised of gallaher
yearly sales figures . the following year , american brands made the decision to spin off gallaher . prior to the spinoff , gallaher had helped american brands achieve $ 6 . 9 million in 1996 tobacco sales alone . following the divestiture , american brands changed its name to fortune brands , inc . the new name more accurately reflected that corporation
product and joined other cigarettes at the opposite end of the spectrum from mayfair . at that time , gallaher was producing the top three cigarette brands in the united kingdom .
meanwhile , the tobacco business , managed by gallaher tobacco , remained a strong performer . in the declining u . k . cigarette market , gallaher had increased its volume of sales and was making the three leading brands : benson and hedges special filter , silk cut , and berkeley superkings . gallaher also manufactured the leading u . k . pipe tobacco , the leading cigar , and the second largest brand of hand - rolling tobacco in the united kingdom . gallaher international , the export arm , also was undergoing increased development in the early 1990s , and was well placed to take advantage of the trend toward low - tar cigarettes , pushing for markets in france , spain , and greece .
meanwhile , the tobacco business , managed by gallaher tobacco , remained a strong performer . in the declining u . k . cigarette market , gallaher had increased its volume of sales and was making the three leading brands : benson and hedges special filter , silk cut , and berkeley superkings . gallaher also manufactured the leading u . k . pipe tobacco , the leading cigar , and the second largest brand of hand - rolling tobacco in the united kingdom . gallaher international , the export arm , also was undergoing increased development in the early 1990s , and was well placed to take advantage of the trend toward low - tar cigarettes , pushing for markets in france , spain , and greece .
within a year of the tobacco advertising ban , gallaher introduced a new entry in the budget - priced sector of the cigarette market . the brand mayfair was introduced , and it joined gallaher ' s berkeley superkings brand , which was currently the best - selling brand in the budget - priced market . mayfair was immediately given a poster advertisement campaign , which focused mainly on the low price of the product . furthermore , gallaher attempted to appeal to potential customers by lowering the cost of mayfair by the same amount that the government had just added as duty to the cost of the cigarettes . soon thereafter , gallaher also introduced its eclipse brand , which was classified as a
super luxury length
product and joined other cigarettes at the opposite end of the spectrum from mayfair . at that time , gallaher was producing the top three cigarette brands in the united kingdom .
the group ' s operating profits for its
rest of the world
sales , i . e . the republic , africa and the middle east , were up 9 . 5 per cent in the first half of 2004 , to £27 million ( €39 . 7 million ) , according to figures released yesterday .
the following year , the section of gallaher ' s business represented by dollond & aitchison suffered a setback when the british government abolished free vision tests for the majority of people , and spectacles and contact lenses for retail became liable for value - added tax . in fact , this severely affected the entire industry in the united kingdom , but gallaher remained confident , and continued as planned with the expansion of the eyeland express chain . within two years , dollond & aitchison had virtually completed a major restructuring of its retail and service facilities . it became the largest optical group in europe , with more than 500 outlets in the united kingdom alone and strong and profitable overseas business .
in the key uk cigarette market , gallaher aims to defend vigorously its leading position in the high margin premium sector and to continue to increase its share of the growing low price sector .
s overseas revenues , the company continued to view international expansion as critical to its sustained growth . toward this end , gallaher set out on an acquisition spree in the five years after it was divested from american brands , a strategy that raised its operating profits by 20 percent over a two - year span and expanded its overall annual cigarette production from 33 billion to 60 billion . gallaher
in 2007 , gallaher , a ftse 100 business , was acquired by japan tobacco for gbp 9 . 4 billion . at the time , this was the largest foreign acquisition by a japanese company .
the biggest change in the company ' s history thus far happened in 1968 when the american tobacco company acquired gallaher . the american tobacco company changed its name in 1969 to american brands , inc .
in europe , gallaher aims to defend its market leading positions in austria and the republic of ireland – balancing volumes and margins – and to grow share elsewhere , notably in central and eastern europe .
the rest - of - world division comprises operations in scandinavia and the baltics , poland , the asia - pacific region , and africa . gallaher leads the swedish cigarette market and has growing positions in other markets . the division has regional head offices in certain markets , including sweden and singapore . brands are produced for the division by gallaher ' s factories in lisnafillan , austria , and poland .
after gallaher became a wholly - owned subsidiary of american brands , it had several other diversified interests , such as an optical company ( dollond & aitchison ) , a kitchenware company ( prestige ) , and a whisky manufacturer ( whyte & mackay ) . however , these were gradually disposed of over time , and gallaher , under the ownership of american brands , refocused as a 100 % tobacco company in january , 1996 .
gallahers is a cigarette , tobacco and cigar manufacturer . the business was founded by the late tom gallaher ( who came from the northwest of the province close to eglinton ) , in the early 1900 ' s .
gallaher said its plans took into account its
broader international base
. it acquired austria tabak in 2001 and russia ' s liggett - ducat in 2000 and is focusing on extending its footprint into central asia .
. gallaher also produced a 30 - minute video showcase of the best of the hamlet advertisements over the years , which was then sold to the public to keep the spirit of the 27 - year hamlet campaign alive .
s concern . heavy lobbying for government intervention did begin to show results by the year 2000 , when increased vigilance by customs agencies caused the rate of decline in duty - paid cigarette sales to go down from 12 percent to slightly more than 2 percent . the bootlegging situation , however , also prompted gallaher to look elsewhere for ways to offset the decline in profits . although a strong british pound during the late 1990s had already cut into gallaher
the first london factory was opened the following year at clerkenwell road to increase production , and in 1896 the belfast factory moved into larger quarters . that same year , the company was incorporated as gallaher limited . an important development two years later was the discovery of a yellow and white burley leaf . gallaher started to use it immediately , and in 1908 completed a transaction important to the history of the industry by purchasing the entire irish tobacco crop .
the first london factory was opened the following year at clerkenwell road to increase production , and in 1896 the belfast factory moved into larger quarters . that same year , the company was incorporated as gallaher limited . an important development two years later was the discovery of a yellow and white burley leaf . gallaher started to use it immediately , and in 1908 completed a transaction important to the history of the industry by purchasing the entire irish tobacco crop .
silk cut gallaher created silk cut in 1963 . today , it is the leading u . k . lower - tar brand , has significant market shares in the republic of ireland and greece , and is being launched across europe .
s berkeley superkings brand , which was currently the best - selling brand in the budget - priced market . mayfair was immediately given a poster advertisement campaign , which focused mainly on the low price of the product . furthermore , gallaher attempted to appeal to potential customers by lowering the cost of mayfair by the same amount that the government had just added as duty to the cost of the cigarettes . soon thereafter , gallaher also introduced its eclipse brand , which was classified as a
in its rest - of - world division , gallaher seeks to grow its positions in poland , the baltics , africa and the asia - pacific region , while defending its leading position in the swedish cigarette market – balancing volumes and margins .
in the mid - 1990s , gallaher continued to increase recognition of its name in its home market , through various types of sponsorship . a1though it had withdrawn patronage of the silk cut tennis championship in 1990 , the benson & hedges cup at lord
two similar acquisitions followed in 1973 . the tm group , previously called mayfair , was a company operating vending machines that dispensed cigarettes , drinks , and snacks in licensed and industrial catering outlets . perhaps tm ' s best known manifestation in the united kingdom was the ubiquitous vendepac machine . another purchase was that of forbuoys plc , a chain of shops selling tobacco , confectionery , newspapers , and magazines , again with branches throughout the united kingdom .
the company will shut its factory in dublin , shifting cigarette production to its lisnafillan site in northern ireland . the move , which follows the closure five years ago of a factory in england , will mean 120 job losses in dublin . another 175 positions will go over two years at lisnafillan , reflecting recent steps to modernise the site . a further 85 posts will go in austria , with the remainder of the cuts spread across the group .
public company incorporated : 1896 as gallaher limited employees : 3 , 519 sales : $ 7 . 94 billion ( 2001 ) stock exchanges : london new york ticker symbol : glh naic : 312221 cigarette manufacturing ; 312229 other tobacco product manufacturing ( pt )
, the shop was bombed and practically destroyed , but was rebuilt with the return of peace . when benson & hedges joined gallaher , it brought not only its best - selling cigarettes , but also its royal warrant , which was first bestowed by queen victoria
in the u . k . , gallaher seeks to increase its shares of the growing value cigarette sector , and to defend its leading positions in the premium cigarette and cigar sectors – achieving an appropriate balance between sales volumes and the margins achieved on those volumes .
in 1900 , queen victoria awarded gallaher a royal warrant , and in 1928 it became a publicly traded company for the first time . the first major acquisition took place in 1936 with the purchase of j . a . pattreiouex ( the makers of the senior service brand ) , followed by the acquisition of cigarmakers j . r . freeman in 1947 . the united kingdom branch of benson and hedges was then acquired in 1955 . in 1963 , gallaher launched silk cut , which would go on to be among the company ' s most popular brands .
in 1988 , along with other companies in northern ireland , gallaher was approached by the former fair employment agency for northern ireland , which sought cooperation in a study to ascertain to what degree equality of opportunity was being afforded to protestants and roman catholics . the agency had been advised of gallaher ' s longstanding interest in the question , and the report concluded :
the efforts made by the company and the local trade union officials to introduce locally meaningful equal opportunity measures are positive and encouraging and the agency is satisfied that the action taken is indicative of real commitment to provide equality of opportunity .
benson & hedges owned in the u . k . by gallaher since 1955 , benson & hedges has a proud british heritage . it is the leading u . k . premium brand , number one in the republic of ireland , and , more recently , is gaining popularity in a number of european markets .
since its inception , gallaher had maintained considerable holdings in northern ireland , and by the 1990s was one of the largest manufacturing employers there . operations included a warehouse complex for tobacco leaf at connswater , east belfast , and a sales distribution center on the outskirts of the city . production took place at lisnafillan , near ballymena , county antrim , in a modern factory complex handling cigarettes , pipe tobacco , and hand - rolling tobacco . also at lisnafillan was the company ' s research and development division , which was a particularly vital establishment to gallaher ' s drive to keep its position as market leader in low - tar cigarettes .
s stock . by 1968 , american tobacco had increased its holdings in gallaher shares to 67 percent . american tobacco had been a relative failure in its native tobacco market , but was now using a steady cash flow wisely to buy and diversify . in 1969 , in recognition of its changing profile , it was renamed american brands , inc .
s castella brand . during the weeks preceding the ban , gallaher ran most of its old and new advertisements on u . k . television in a last - ditch effort to maintain its edge . for years , the hamlet television advertisements had been wildly popular with the u . k . public and had won 15 lion awards at the international advertising film festival at
gallaher’s objective is to maximise the cash flow from its core markets ( austria , republic of ireland , sweden , and the u . k . ) to fund its international growth strategy through export opportunities , ‘on - the - ground’ investments ( start - ups and acquisitions ) and joint ventures and alliances across europe , the c . i . s . , africa and asia .
in the mid - 1990s , gallaher continued to increase recognition of its name in its home market , through various types of sponsorship . although it had withdrawn patronage of the silk cut tennis championship in 1990 , the benson & hedges cup at lord ' s remained an important sponsorship . this cricket competition was vital to the test and county cricket board during those years , as the sponsorship arrangement guaranteed the organization £3 million over a five - year period . other sponsorships within the benson & hedges portfolio were the international open golf championship at st . mellion , cornwall ; the masters snooker tournament at wembley ; the silk cut showjumping derby ; and the silk cut nautical awards . in northern ireland , small business development was encouraged by the gallaher business challenge award scheme , and the company was also the major private sponsor of the ulster orchestra .
production increased significantly , and tom gallaher was the master of a thriving business when he died in 1927 at the age of 87 . he had maintained an active interest in the company until the time of his death and had achieved great civic respectability as a governor of the royal victoria hospital in belfast . he also was credited with being the first person in the tobacco industry to introduce a 47 - hour working week and annual paid holiday .
3 million over a five - year period . other sponsorships within the benson & hedges portfolio were the international open golf championship at st . mellion , cornwall ; the masters snooker tournament at wembley ; the silk cut show - jumping derby ; and the silk cut nautical awards . in northern ireland , small business development was encouraged by the gallaher business challenge award scheme , and the company was also the major private sponsor of the ulster orchestra .
gallaher also continued to operate in the republic of ireland , where it was the second largest tobacco company . cigarettes , pipe tobacco , and hand - rolling tobacco were manufactured in a factory just outside dublin . on the british mainland , three top - selling cigarette brands and a wide range of smaller brands were made at the famous senior service factory at hyde , east of manchester , and cigars were produced at cardiff and port talbot in south wales .
gallaher also continued to operate in the republic of ireland , where it was the second largest tobacco company . cigarettes , pipe tobacco , and hand - rolling tobacco were manufactured in a factory just outside dublin . on the british mainland , three top - selling cigarette brands and a wide range of smaller brands were made at the famous senior service factory at hyde , east of manchester , and cigars were produced at cardiff and port talbot in south wales .
r j lilley mbe - sept ' 05 i worked in gallaher ' s factory for thirty three and a half years . during that time i saw tremendous changes in the numbers employed and the machinery used . when i first started at the end of 1958 the cigarette making machines produced 1000 to 1200 cigarettes / min while now they produce 15 , 000 / min . this is a well constructed article and obviously much research went into it . well done .
. the liggett - ducat acquisition was followed by a joint venture with state - run shanghai tobacco in china in february 2001 , and in june 2001 gallaher successfully outbid rival imperial for austrian tabak , paying $ 2 billion for a company responsible for 90 percent of cigarette sales in austria . by 2002 the company was competing for control of german cigarette manufacturer reemtsa , the largest private tobacco company in the world , while also eyeing possible entries into cigarette markets in the
there is no better time to start a business in the u . s . !
says anne deeter gallaher . anne and co - author amy d . howell are entrepreneurs , speakers , and passionate advocates for helping women and students reach their high gears . high gear is not just a mentality , but a way of life for anne and amy . after connecting for the first time via twitter , the duo set a course to develop their first book ,
lyn bennett welch - oct ' 06 hi i was wondering if anyone had any information on the entertainment part of gallahers . my mum was a part of it in 1953 , she was a singer and helped entertain the patients at the forest green hospital . her name was mary baxter ( became bennett when she married ) . i am trying to gather information and old photos of her and i would really appreciate any information anyone would have on this part of gallaher ' s history .
benson & hedges had enjoyed development and success parallel to gallaher limited , though in a more elevated style . richard benson and william hedges began their business in 1873 . benson & hedges notably departed from the custom of dispensing tobacco by weight . their tobacco was prepared as a blend or mixture and packed in a sealed tin . this assured the customer that his goods would reach him in the freshest possible condition and also had experienced no tampering . the business also benefited from the patronage of the
a tradition ended in 1999 when h . m . queen elizabeth ii withdrew her royal warrant from tobacco manufacturers ; this affected gallaher , as well as its benson and hedges brands . while the queen ' s great - grandfather ( king edward vii ) , grandfather ( king george v ) , and father ( king george vi ) were all smokers ( a habit which arguably contributed to their deaths ) , her majesty does not smoke , and her son and heir , the prince of wales , is an ardent anti - smoker .
smoking , and cigarette smoking in particular , enjoyed a continuous popularity throughout the 1930s and 1940s . the anxieties of world war ii were a further stimulus to tobacco consumption . in the 1950s , however , evidence was produced that not only linked smoking to lung cancer and heart disease , but also suggested that long - term cigarette smokers might be more susceptible to lung cancer than pipe or cigar users , or nonsmokers . these findings seemed to do no harm to gallaher limited , however , which was looking to expand in 1955 and succeeded in acquiring the u . k . and irish interests of the prestigious benson & hedges company .
smoking , and cigarette smoking in particular , enjoyed a continuous popularity throughout the 1930s and 1940s . the anxieties of world war ii were a further stimulus to tobacco consumption . in the 1950s , however , evidence was produced that not only linked smoking to lung cancer and heart disease , but also suggested that long - term cigarette smokers might be more susceptible to lung cancer than pipe or cigar users , or nonsmokers . these findings seemed to do no harm to gallaher limited , however , which was looking to expand in 1955 and succeeded in acquiring the u . k . and irish interests of the prestigious benson & hedges company .
s lambert & butler , which in itself claimed more than 10 percent of the overall cigarette market in the united kingdom . although gallaher had introduced its own cut - rate brand , mayfair , in 1992 , it still accounted for only 2 . 1 percent of the total market as late as may 1997 . recognizing the need to become more aggressive , the company launched a second cut - rate brand , sovereign , in late 1996 . bolstered by a huge marketing campaign , the move soon paid off , and by late 1997 sovereign and mayfair could boast sales growth of 89 percent over the course of only six months . by september 2000 , mayfair had become the third leading cigarette in the overall market .
when smoking became popular with women during edward ' s reign , benson & hedges produced variations of the cigarette designed to appeal to women , tipped with rose leaves or violets , for example , or on a miniature scale . increasing demand led to the establishment of a separate factory , although the original shop remained at its location on old bond street . during world war ii , the shop was bombed and practically destroyed , but was rebuilt with the return of peace . when benson & hedges joined gallaher , it brought not only its best - selling cigarettes , but also its royal warrant , which was first bestowed by queen victoria
to purvey cigarettes and cigars for use in her household ,
and later renewed by subsequent monarchs .
benson & hedges had enjoyed development and success parallel to gallaher limited , though in a more elevated style . richard benson and william hedges began their business in 1873 . benson & hedges notably departed from the custom of dispensing tobacco by weight . their tobacco was prepared as a blend or mixture and packed in a sealed tin . this assured the customer that his goods would reach him in the freshest possible condition and also had experienced no tampering . the business also benefited from the patronage of the bon vivant prince of wales , later king edward vii , who asked benson & hedges to prepare and make into cigarettes a parcel of egyptian tobacco leaf that he had acquired . they did this , and adapted the style to market
cairo citadel ,
one of the first egyptian - type cigarettes to be made in britain .
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a cigar factory that has been at the centre of a cardiff community for nearly 100 years is to close with the loss of 184 jobs .
the decision to close the japan tobacco factory in grangetown has been blamed on a fall in cigar sales , which has been accelerated by the smoking ban .
the site in penarth road , known locally as jr freeman ' s , will close in september 2009 .
the decision is a result of a continuing decline in the uk cigar market , and has been accelerated by the smoking ban ,
he said .
it is a commercial decision ( to move production to northern ireland ) ,
he said .
it ' s a great blow to the area , it ' s been a big employer for many years . whole families have worked there , particularly women
the new jobs are expected to be created at the company ' s factory at lisnafillan , ballymena , co antrim , which employs more than 900 workers .
the spokesman added :
obviously the proposal is regrettable and the changes do not reflect the performance of the factory of the workforce in cardiff .
the old jr freeman cigar factory moved to grangetown in cardiff in 1908 from london and relocated to a new factory in nearby penarth road in the early 1960s .
joan gallagher , secretary of grangetown community concern , said whole generations worked at the factory , which also employed in the past bus - loads of workers travelling from the south wales valleys .
it ' s a great blow to the area , it ' s been a big employer for many years . whole families have worked there , particularly women ,
she said .
ian paisley , who is assembly member for north antrim , said it was
sad news for cardiff but of benefit to ballymena .
it is a vote of confidence in the ballymena plant and will mean a significant increase in jobs in the locality .
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the move would allow japan tobacco , the world ' s third - largest cigarette company , to expand outside of japan , which has seen a decline in smoking .
the takeover would also take japan tobacco into a western european market where it now has little presence . an integration plan is being set up and should be completed in august , japan tobacco said .
japan tobacco acquired the shares at 1 , 140 pence each , for a total of £7 . 5 billion , or $ 15 billion , and assumed an additional debt of about £2 billion under the deal , the company said .
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a version of this article appears in print on april 18 , 2007 , in the international herald tribune .
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the social history of smoking in the late victorian and edwardian ages was marked by the triumph of the cigarette . to that point in time , tobacco manufacturers had employed manual labor to make cigarettes as required , but soon cigarette - making machinery sped up production and thus satisfied the rising demand . it became acceptable for women to smoke , and new types of cigarettes were created to serve that market as well . by the outbreak of world war i in 1914 , the cigarette had established its dominance over all other forms of smoking ; it was considered vital to the welfare and morale of the armed forces and a valuable means of exchange .