data portal of india is a platform for single-point access to datasets and apps published by ministries/departments/organisations of the government of india .

it combines and expands the best features of india ’s “” and the u.s. government 's urltoken project

data . gov . in

58 . urltoken for a list and urltoken for the one i held in washington , d . c .
i saw two admirable example data . json files : urltoken and urltoken . are there more to survey ?
urltoken is a step on the path toward building a more transparent government . the goals of urltoken include :
196 . urltoken , accessed june 5 , 2011 . the data is based on data from urltoken posted january 30 , 2010 .
77 . similar analyses have been made by professor keith poole at urltoken and don smith at urltoken , but with different statistical methods .
metadata for geospatial datasets in urltoken is also made available in urltoken . urltoken provides access and management of geospatial resources through common geospatial data , services , and applications contributed and administered by trusted sources and hosted on shared infrastructure for use by federal agencies , agency partners , and the public . geospatial metadata is made available to urltoken from the metadata harvested by urltoken and is displayed on urltoken via an application programming interface ( api ) on urltoken . in other words , the datasets discoverable on urltoken are from the geospatial metadata collected by the catalog using the following api call :
transitioning to data . json when an agency transitions to data . json harvesting for the first time , any existing data on the urltoken catalog is archived . urltoken will also provide an export of the existing metadata on urltoken and note whether any of these datasets were associated with a urltoken topic .
when an agency is ready for urltoken to harvest their data . json for the first time , they should notify urltoken via email and the urltoken team will create a new urltoken harvest source for their data . json . the urltoken team is available to assist agencies in generating the public data listing data . json file and provide tools that may help agencies prepare their data listings .
dataset updates additions , updates , and deletions occur through a harvest source rather than within urltoken directly . urltoken synchronizes those changes through a daily harvest job .
that the urltoken site was in closed beta , at that point in time .
128 . association of computing machinery’s recommendation on open government , february 2009 . urltoken
agencies must provide a human readable public data listing at urltoken and a machine readable listing , as a standalone json file on the agency’s website at urltoken . json . this data . json file is what gets harvested to the urltoken catalog .
federal agencies that do not have a platform to inventory their metadata can make use of a free service hosted by urltoken called urltoken ( see the separate guide ) . contact the urltoken team via email if you’re interested in using this service .
the urltoken catalog supports version 1 . 1 as of december 2 , 2014 .
to have your government’s open data federated onto urltoken , you must : 1 . organize your open data for the urltoken pipeline by complying with format and standardized metadata requirements , and 2 . coordinate with urltoken to establish a harvest point for automatic daily updates .
yes , the nsgic gis inventory ( gisi ) is a urltoken registered harvest sources .
all trademarks and registered trademarks appearing on urltoken are the property of their respective owners .
45 . urltoken . in 2012 , long after writing this paragraph but before anyone had seen it , hhs hired me to help build the new urltoken which launched june 5 of that year .
once you have coordinated with urltoken on these two items , automated nightly updates to urltoken can be set up very quickly . non - federal organizations can provide the necessary information through the form .
the urltoken team will test to ensure the harvester works properly . if anything seems wrong , the team will help you configure your data catalog so that urltoken can collect your datasets without any errors .
we are requesting information on the capabilities of firms that support the open source ckan platform . submissions… urltoken
55 . urltoken uses public regulatory filings to compute metrics such as experience and conduct for financial advisors .
190 . urltoken , a conference co - chaired by lessig , accessed aug . 6 , 2011 .
urltoken is primarily a federal open government data site . however , state , local , and tribal governments can also publish metadata describing their open data resources on urltoken for greater discoverability . urltoken does not host data directly ( with a few exceptions ) , but rather aggregates metadata about open data resources in one centralized location . once an open data source meets the necessary format and metadata requirements , the urltoken team can harvest the metadata directly , synchronizing that source’s metadata on urltoken as often as every 24 hours .
geospatial harvest source — public data listing requirements ( for urltoken and data . gov ) to be successfully harvested by urltoken and data . gov , all geospatial data should be provided via one catalog service for the web ( csw ) endpoint . required : a csw endpoint , e . g . : urltoken
the fgdc has assistance available if you email urltoken . they will also coordinate with the urltoken team to help address your issue if needed . if you have specific metadata questions , contact fgdc via email .
@ taylorlincoln _ hello taylor , please email datagov [ @ ] urltoken with your request . thanks # opendata
urltoken incorporates data sources from state , local , and tribal governments . non - federal sources are not covered by the federal open data policy , but can be included in the urltoken catalog voluntarily . depending on your local government open data platform , you may already have a harvest source that is urltoken - ready , or it could take a little more work . either way , the urltoken team is available to answer questions about these requirements . for non - federal data to be connected to urltoken , the following items are required :
ogp ' s translated content may be incomplete . please write to web @ urltoken with questions or issues .
once the harvester has been tested successfully , urltoken will start automatically consuming information about your datasets and all the basic details of your datasets will be available on urltoken with links to the source and your open data policy .
geospatial metadata on urltoken is converted to iso if it’s not already provided as iso . if the metadata is provided to urltoken in csdgm format , the source csdgm metadata record will be available to users , along with the converted iso metadata record . the common metadata format across urltoken is a data model specific to ckan , but all metadata is also available as dcat rdf and urltoken microdata . urltoken is looking into providing other common metadata schemas across the site including the current project open data schema which is a profile of dcat using json - ld .
from 2009 - 2013 , agency updates to the urltoken catalog were not automated . federal agencies submitted metadata for individual datasets to urltoken through a central dataset management system ( dms ) . at present , pursuant to the federal open data policy discussed in more detail below , all metadata is added to urltoken through the federated “harvest” model .
at the white house roundtable on leveraging data as a strategic asset . teams discuss # opendata innovations , challen… urltoken
118 . int 0029 - 2010 . more at urltoken , urltoken , and stirland , sarah lai . february 28 , 2012 . in new york , landmark open data legislation will soon be up for a vote . techpresident .
for agencies that provide geospatial data to urltoken and data . gov , the following harvest sources must be provided :
urltoken continues to rapidly evolve . these accomplishments in the past 18 months or so since the launch of urltoken have been initial steps . the focus is to continue to promote the accountability of government agencies , provide government data for people that are relevant to their everyday lives , and create economic opportunities using the open government data platform , urltoken .
data without a geospatial harvest source — public data listing requirements ( for urltoken and urltoken ) lastly , to prevent duplication on urltoken , all agencies that provide a csw geospatial harvest source to urltoken and urltoken should create an additional json file ( called / sdata - nonspatial - harvest . json ) to include all datasets that are not available via the consolidated geospatial harvest source . required : datasets without a geospatial harvest source for the public data listing at : https : / / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . gov / data - nonspatial - harvest . json
urltoken is the central clearinghouse for open data from the united states federal government . it also provides access to many local government and non - federal open data resources . find out below how federal , federal geospatial , and non - federal data is funneled to urltoken and how you can get your data federated on urltoken for greater discoverability and impact .
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all datasets included in the csw will be displayed on urltoken . datasets included in data - nonspatial - harvest . json will only be displayed on data . gov , but not urltoken unless the datasets are specially tagged for inclusion there .
find your agency on the open data points of contact list . if your agency isn’t listed , contact urltoken and ask .
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the 5th ogp global summit will take place on july 17 - 19 in tbilisi , georgia . join 96 ogp governments and thousands of civil society organizations to create more responsive , accountable , and inclusive governments . check the # ogpgeorgia agenda here : urltoken urltoken
since its launch in may 2009 , urltoken has achieved significant progress in realizing the president’s vision of an open and transparent government . as one of the open government initiatives , urltoken provides the opportunity to bring the government and the public together as joint collaborative partners to continuously improve urltoken ; a citizen - centric data sharing service making available a richer , more user - friendly resource for everyone !
also in that chapter , removed “farmers’ market locations” as one of hhs’s datasets — it was from the usda . added fda recalls instead . removed the footnote to urltoken as it no longer exists and added a note that i worked on its replacement , urltoken .
government portal > urltoken , which will be used to share official data with the public , is set to be fully functional soon .
at its core , urltoken is about improving government services to citizens through improved information availability , transparency and enabling participation . the increased access to information provided by urltoken enhances public awareness of government operations and fosters innovation and public involvement in finding new ways to use this information beyond the government specific need . datasets in urltoken cover a wide array of government functions and foster public health , safety and welfare improvement . the benefits of urltoken extend far beyond the utility gained from the datasets themselves . urltoken is a catalyst for transforming agency cultures to be more inclusive , fosters collaboration among agencies and increases agency attention on public participation in agency policy making . urltoken provides information collected by federal agencies that have been bought and paid for by the american people who have a right to access , understand and use this information .
urltoken is agnostic about whether you have to have an open data catalog of any type to be included on to urltoken . you simply need to have the metadata of your open data sets organized in a centralized / data . json file in accordance with the required specifications .
157 . marsh , jennifer . our recommendations for increasing citizens’ access to government information . google public policy blog . june 22 , 2009 . urltoken
on the home page , there are revolving panes of featured dataset . next to the revolving panes , the most popular datasets are listed . urltoken is now showcasing apps that third parties created using federal government datasets . since its launch , a growing community has surfaced around open government data . urltoken has partnered with rensselaer polytechnic institute ( rpi ) who translated a subset of the raw datasets into the semantic standard resource description framework ( rdf ) . their work is now showcased in the semantic web section of urltoken . there is also a tutorial available for those new to urltoken .
title – the title for your harvest source . this title is the name that will be displayed as the access link for the harvest source on urltoken
the newest features on urltoken include an open dialogue with an evolving collaborative community of policy makers , technologists , data owners , and citizens alike . the open dialogue section provides blogs , forum discussions , group topics , and tweets . to learn the latest activity , urltoken provides a “what’s new” tab .
urltoken incorporates the concept of
communities
—interactive , topically focused sections of the website that are managed and used collaboratively by specific communities of interest . urltoken is a shared federal space representing communities dedicated to the work of individual agencies , omb circular a–16 data themes , and cross - cutting program areas .
20 . urltoken ; mayor’s office of operations , new york city . an introduction to new york city’s nycstat reporting portal . accessed march 28 , 2012 .
recovering deleted datasets after a dataset has been deleted from urltoken ( i . e . , the agency posted an updated data . json file that does not include a particular dataset ) , there is a grace period of up to 24 hours where it can be easily restored by working with the urltoken team .
a terms of use url a publicly accessible terms of use ( or data policy ) url or similar information in order to make it clear to urltoken users when they are viewing datasets that are not covered by federal statutory and regulatory requirements . required : a terms of use url , e . g . urltoken
can you tell us the source of the csdgm validation schema that is currently being used to validate records being harvested by urltoken we are having some problems understanding why certain records are ‘failing’ validation , and the urltoken harvest report error messages are very difficult to decipher in many cases , even by experienced metadata creators .
urltoken is one of the first initiatives developed in response to the open and transparent government directive . the idea for open government data was shared in march 2009 by the federal cio , vivek kundra at the federal cio council that he chairs . a team was quickly formed and urltoken was launched on may 21 , 2009 with a public catalog of 47 datasets and 27 tools . in its second year of operation , urltoken underwent a redesign that was revealed in may 2010 . to date , there are over 3 , 092 datasets with 486 tools . since its launch , urltoken has received over 1 . 39 million hits .
this guide is primarily for the open data points of contact ( poc ) at each agency . if you would like to add data to urltoken and you are not the poc for your agency , please contact your poc . if your agency has no poc listed , please continue reading and contact urltoken for assistance .
welcome to the open government platform ! the full code for ogpl is at urltoken . below you ' ll see the first code for the data management system .
b . data sets shall be made available on the internet through a web portal linked to urltoken or successor website maintained by or on behalf of the city .
non - federal data : non - federal government sources are not covered by the federal open data policy , but can be included in the urltoken catalog voluntarily .
india and the united states have already committed to use ogpl for their respective urltoken portals and the us urltoken portal is already using portions of ogpl functionality . ogpl has released the open source code for the project , and both the united states and india expect to deploy ogpl this year based on feedback from the open source community .
26 . for more on gov 2 . 0 , see alex howard’s blog post defining gov 2 . 0 and open government , january 5 , 2011 , urltoken .
while a csw endpoint and traditional geospatial metadata standards are needed for urltoken and urltoken to consume the data , the project open data ( m - 13 - 13 ) policy still requires metadata for the agency’s geospatial datasets to be provided within the enterprise data inventory data . json file submitted to omb with the project open data metadata .
urltoken is a web accessible catalog that facilitates discovery of and access to a broad collection of machine readable datasets and tools from the executive branch of the federal government .
28 . sari horwitz , scott higham , and sarah cohen . 2001 . ‘protected’ children died as government did little ( and subsequent articles ) . the washington post . urltoken
( if you manage a non - federal geospatial harvest source , follow the instructions ( 2 . 5 mb pdf ) from urltoken to obtain access to omb max . )
the urltoken team will create a new harvest source that will automatically collect information about your datasets and update urltoken whenever changes are made on your data catalog . depending on your platform , creating this harvester might just be the push of a button or it could take a little more work , but the team will walk you through it either way .
for federal agencies with only a data . json and for non - federal entities without geospatial harvest sources , contacting the urltoken team to create the new harvest source is recommended .
the governments of the united states and india on monday officially launched the open government platform that combines and expands the best features of urltoken and india’s india . gov . in .
73 . the idea for a gmail interface was suggested by bob brigham , who was unaffiliated with sunlight , but credit goes to sunlight foundation’s tom lee for a sleek implementation . urltoken
the metadata is not validated as csdgm . it is converted to iso 19115 then validated against the iso 19115 schema . csdgm metadata is transformed to iso using the following xslt : urltoken
contact the urltoken team via email to let them know you’d like to get started . please include a link to your metadata in the data . json format ( see step 1 : organize your open data for the urltoken pipeline ) or let us know if you have questions about how to create a data . json file from your current database along with any relevant links .
federating your local open government data on urltoken makes it more discoverable by urltoken visitors as well as folks using search engines powered by schema . org . it also makes it easier for people to discover similar datasets across different levels of government , e . g . , a citizen can find data about her location from city , state , and federal sources in one place .
user - friendly links to regulatory , statistical , and other information compiled by government agencies . for india , this would include all the documents already made available by urltoken and other goi sites
this book can be read online at urltoken . some links are only in the online version . this is edition 1 . 1b — june 2012 . updates will be posted to the website .
for instance , urltoken — which is largely a clone of my website urltoken — paints a dark picture of a “broken and systemically corrupt system of captured government , ” by which they mean that government decisions are based largely on how they would affect the profits of corporate executives . 187 urltoken talks up a similar angle : “elected officials collect large sums of money to run their campaigns , and they often pay back campaign contributors with special access and favorable laws . this common practice is contrary to the public interest , yet legal , ” they wrote on their about page . 188
great power has been demonstrated in setting government data free . the advent of urltoken has unleashed rapid innovation . within the first few hours after the launching of urltoken in may 2009 , a third party developer created a simple application mashing feeds from the fbi’s most wanted list and the terrorist watch list in response to a contest led by the non - profit organization sunlight foundation . in just a few weeks the public created several more . the contest produced over 40 applications and there were four winners who illustrated the significant success of publicly produced applications leveraging government data . the innovative capacity of the american public continues to evolve resulting in great applications and visualizations using government furnished datasets that help us improve our dealings with our daily lives . to date , urltoken is showcasing over 236 applications created by the public using urltoken datasets .
the urltoken program management office and operations reside at the u . s . general services administration ( gsa ) . urltoken is not designed to be a gigantic , growing database . instead it is a solution that provides discovery of datasets through a gsa provisioned catalog . when information consumers click on a dataset of interest , access to the dataset occurs directly at the source maintained by the agency responsible for that dataset .
other governments are also interested in developing an open data platform for their nation’s data and the u . s . has exchanged ideas with australia , new zealand , and the united kingdom . to date 7 nations have launched their own urltoken sites . in addition to the united states , urltoken sites are now available at the united kingdom , australia , canada , new zealand , norway , estonia , and greece .
there’s a urltoken manual that formally documents and teaches this process . each agency has a lead urltoken point - of - contact , who’s responsible for identifying publishable datasets and for ensuring that when data is published , it meets information quality guidelines . each dataset needs to be published with a well - defined set of common metadata fields , so that it can be organized and searched . moreover , thanks to urltoken , all the data is funneled through at least five stages of intermediate review—including national security and privacy reviews—before final approval and publication . that process isn’t quick , but it does help ensure that key goals are satisfied .
putting a spin on this idea , the washington , d . c . government chief technology officer vivek kundra created the d . c . data catalog at urltoken in 2007 , the purpose of which was to spur innovation by providing the public with raw data held by the d . c . government . ( kundra would soon be appointed as the federal chief information officer and would lead the creation of urltoken . )
66 . louis d . brandeis , 1914 , other people’s money and how the bankers use it . frederick a . stokes company : new york . originally published in harper’s weekly . page 92 . also urltoken .
non - federal governments ( state , local , tribal ) can federate to the urltoken catalog by meeting the requirements discussed in the non - federal format section . the urltoken catalog does contain metadata for some datasets produced by non - government sources ( some international organizations , academic institutions ) under the authorities of the fgdc or when a federal agency has included the non - government data as its own dataset for information quality act purposes .
govtrack and urltoken show changes to bill text made during the committee and amendment processes . here the deletion of eight lines in a house appropriations bill is highlighted , based on the bill text comparison algorithm i developed for popvox .
project open data changeset preview — agencies can use the project open data dashboard changeset tool to compare their data . json file to data that currently exists on urltoken to see what will be replaced , added , or removed .
open data for the purposes of urltoken federation is us government data that is public , accessible , described , reusable , complete , timely , and managed post - release . read more about these principles on project open data .
in may 2012 , the governments of the united states and india launched an open government platform ( ogpl ) , an open source version of the us government’s urltoken platform , for helping governments across the globe make data public .
a joint initiative between india and the us , the portal is housed on the official sites of the indian ( urltoken ) and the us governments ( urltoken ) . while the general services administration ( gsa ) team of the us developed the dms ( data management system ) module , the national informatics centre ( nic ) of india developed the site , its cms ( content management system ) as well as the vrm ( visitor relation management ) module .
still , the benefit of urltoken may be less in the catalog itself and more in the standards it sets for federal agencies and the cultural change it symbolizes . harlan yu pointed to what he says is under - appreciated infrastructure :
27 . boyd , dana and kate crawford . six provocations for big data . presented at oxford internet institute’s “a decade in internet time : symposium on the dynamics of the internet and society , ” september 21 , 2011 . urltoken
data contributors will try to prepare list of datasets which can be contributed . prepare and contribute the metadata in predefined format for the datasets . the key metadata elements are title , description , sector / sub - sector , dataset jurisdiction , keywords , access method , reference urls , data group name , frequency and policy compliance . detail about metadata elements and process to create catalog / resources is available at urltoken . more information can be accessed from help section urltoken .
top : urltoken in 2008 ( this screenshot from infosthetics . com ) . middle : word cloud by c . j . olesh and jeremy p . bushnell of speaker nancy pelosi’s remarks on the economic bail - out plan , drawn with urltoken by jonathan feinberg . bottom : what contributors to the colbert super pac think the pac should stand for , with words weighted by the amount contributed to the pac . ( the colbert report , aug . 16 , 2011 . )
for harvest sources that are directly setup by data publishers , the job report will display any errors that have occurred for review and resolution at the source , if you have any questions on the errors , please email the urltoken team .
this has been suggested in the past , but it was decided that simply providing geospatial extent would not serve as an accurate indicator for whether something should be included as part of geoplatform . gov . you can see the discussion at urltoken
a national dialogue was initiated in december 2009 to generate ideas on how to evolve urltoken . over 66 ideas were submitted and a subset of those ideas have been implemented in the urltoken redesign that was launched on the anniversary date of urltoken ( may 21 , 2010 ) . those ideas were categorized by strategic intent , key partnerships , solution architecture , next steps , developers’ corner , and just comments in general . participants who did not want to submit comments were able to simply vote on the comments that were submitted . there were 143 comments and 472 votes . currently , the dialogue continues , however , different tools enabling blogs , tweets , and discussions are in place to engage a more collaborative and participatory community .
the marketplace allows users to quickly and easily search for planned data acquisition activities provided by fgdc partners as metadata records to the urltoken catalog . this capability is designed to foster partnerships among organizations looking to procure or create data of common interest .
sixteen states have launched their urltoken sites . among them are maine , massachusetts , new york , district of columbia , ohio , michigan , missouri , north dakota , nebraska , oklahoma , texas , colorado , utah , washington , and california .
if you are new to civic hacking and want to get involved , start by looking at the work of code for america ( urltoken ) . they provide fellowships for civic hackers to work within city governments to help the city work better with technology . their new brigade program ( brigade . urltoken ) will help you find a project to work on that will help the people of the city you live in . and be on the lookout for civic - themed hackathons in your area on meetup . com .
an open government working group convened by carl malamud in november 2007 was the first to attempt this . its 8 principles of open government data 130 , included in full in section 7 . 1 and online at urltoken , specified a working definition for what it means for public government data to be open . the open knowledge foundation wrote an open knowledge definition ( okd ) at urltoken ( and reproduced in section 7 . 2 ) in 2006 , which adapted a definition of open source software for sharing data .
despite the directive’s call for change , these projects have been generally criticized on two fronts . first , the apparent success of urltoken has largely ridden on the inclusion of data sets that had already been available to the public . my favorite data set included early on in urltoken was federal aviation administration flight on - time statistics , which has been released in some form since 2003 42 . a fellow coder josh sulkin and i built urltoken , which used historical flight on - time statistics and weather data from the national weather service to predict future delays , for instance to help fliers make better decisions about connecting flights . ( flightstats . com , a commercial website , and flightcaster . com , a startup that raised nearly $ 1m , independently had similar ideas . )
141 . csv has not been well standardized . when using csv , it is best to include a header row , use quotes around fields where needed , and use utf - 8 character encoding . for more , see my proposal for ucsv at urltoken .
the # ogpgeorgia summit is just 10 days away ! click here if you want to learn more about the it , the issues it will be focusing , and the agenda planned for the 5th ogp global summit in tbilisi on july 17 - 19 . join us ! urltoken
the open knowledge foundation created the open knowledge definition ( okd ) , also called the open definition , in 2006 . it draws heavily on definitions of open source software . version 1 . 1 , completed in november 2009 , is excerpted below and can be found at urltoken .
in the past , geospatial metadata records were maintained and discoverable via separate catalogs and tools , including geospatial one stop . in 2013 , these sources were merged so that urltoken ( specifically catalog . data . gov ) indexes both geospatial and non - geospatial metadata in one place .
go to urltoken and click on “login” at the bottom of the page . you will be sent to omb max . log in to omb max using your omb max credentials . two - factor authentication ( 2fa ) is now required for urltoken access , so enable 2fa through the instructions on the omb max log in page . you can add a device by clicking on “manage sms 2 - factor devices” under your profile settings . this is not necessary if you use your piv / cac card to log in to max ; it is already considered 2fa .
24 . an idea i first saw in a paper by ed mayo , chief executive of the u . k . national consumer council , and tom steinberg , the director of mysociety , the u . k . ’s digital - government - transparency non - profit . urltoken , p39
the majority of open government datasets have some relationship to spatial data ( e . g . jurisdiction , address ) . for the purposes of this document and learning how data gets published in data . gov , “geospatial data” here specifically refers to spatial data that has historically been included as part of the federal geographic data committee and urltoken and utilizes robust geospatial metadata standards such as the the suite of iso standards or the fgdc’s content standard for digital geospatial metadata ( csdgm ) . these geospatial metadata standards are needed to properly display data and utilize the spatial functionality on urltoken .
54 . alex howard defined civic innovation as “a new idea , technology or methodology that challenges and improves upon existing processes and systems , thereby improving the lives of citizens or the function of the society that they live within . ” for more discussion : urltoken , march 16 , 2012 .
urltoken does not and will not be providing any transformations from csdgm / iso to project open data json nor will it be relying on those transformations for data . gov’s purposes . however , as part of the omb policy , all metadata will need to be provided as json including metadata that is currently provided as csdgm / iso . urltoken does help maintain the ckan extension for generating project open data json ( ckanext - datajson ) and this can be used to provide automated conversion from csdgm / iso metadata . we are working to coordinate with geospatial agencies interested in using this extension .
the north atlantic ocean is a busy place , full of sea life , ships , and – fortunately – a slew of data . anyone interested in local , state , or regional marine planning efforts in new england can visit the northeast ocean data portal urltoken which provides ocean - related … continued
urltoken is currently developing a web map viewer to support the visual / geospatial review of datasets registered in ckan ( urltoken ) . requirements for this tool include standard geospatial functions like pan / zoom and measure , as well as more refined capabilities such as adding multiple data layers to the view ( mash - up ) , saving a user - generated view / map with the ability to share and collaborate with others , and eventually analytical tools to answer geospatial questions . the web map viewer will be developed and released in an iterative process with an initial deployment currently scheduled for late 2014 .
• a new data . gov . in the months ahead , urltoken , the powerful central hub for open government data , will launch new services that include improved visualization , mapping tools , better context to help locate and understand these data , and robust application programming interface ( api ) access for developers .
the website features communities – developers , energy , education , rural , health and agriculture - to provide a platform for interaction among users . through forums people can share their ideas to make urltoken better and more useful . they can discuss useful applications , tools , services and innovative ideas for new projects .
federal agencies are required to follow a set of criteria when nominating datasets for referencing on urltoken . first , they are to provide datasets that are already in or are new and ready for public domain . datasets are to be high value . high value datasets are those that can be used to increase agency accountability and responsiveness , improve public knowledge of the agency and its operations , further the core mission of the agency , create economic opportunity , or respond to a need or demand as identified through public consultation . federal agencies fill out standard metadata templates describing their datasets that urltoken could then reference on the web .
ask dory ! submitted by chintan patel , sharib khan , md , and aamir hussain of applied informatics , llc , the app helps patients find information about clinical trials for cancer and other diseases , integrating data from urltoken and making use of an entropy - based , decision - tree algorithm . . . .
the project open data dashboard at urltoken provides more detailed information on the agency datasets on data . gov . for instance , if a dataset is no longer maintained and becomes a broken link , that will be noted on the dashboard . as a result , required updates will be more easily identified and addressed .
urltoken will incorporate a shared cloud - computing infrastructure for data and application hosting by the fgdc community . data and map services defined as nationally significant data assets will be hosted in the amazon cloud , where our partners can serve their data , tools , and applications efficiently , securely , and cost - effectively .
replacing datasets when replacing any dataset in your data . json file it is important to maintain same title and identifier associated with the dataset to ensure consistent discoverability of that dataset going forward . when replacing datasets in your data . json harvest source , using the same identifier will ensure that the url for the dataset on urltoken stays the same keeping cited links working and reinforcing the open data principle of permanence . it should be noted , however , that when replacing datasets on urltoken with a brand new harvest source ( see transitioning to data . json above ) that using the same identifier or title may not retain the same url .
chief data officer ( cdo ) can log in into the ogd platform using his / her email id provided in the dc nomination letter sent to nic . you can view the details of nominated chief data officers and corresponding nomination letters on the ogd platform for your ministry / department / organization at http : / / urltoken
after the obama administration’s open government directive , the department of health and human services ( hhs ) really stepped up to the call for engaging with entrepreneurs to turn government data into value for the public . urltoken currently lists 249 data sets and tools from hhs . healthcare it news reported in early 2012 about two recent challenge winners :
the urltoken website was completely redesigned for geoplatform version 2 . 0 . built using drupal , an open source web content management system , the content of the site is arranged based on users’ needs . as the geoplatform evolves , partners and users will have access to many services . the following sections describe all currently available and planned services .
in order to facilitate these requirements , the fgdc and urltoken have developed a mapping of elements between the project open data metadata schema v1 . 1 and the geospatial metadata standards including fgdc csdgm , iso 19115 : 2003 , and iso 19115 - 1 : 2014 . this crosswalk enables federal agencies with geospatial data to more efficiently meet both metadata requirements .
a data harvest source some open data catalog platforms already have a urltoken harvest source built in ( see these examples from socrata and arcgis open data ) , but it is possible to set up a harvest source with any data management system ( see this ckan example ) . the metadata required from non - federal sources does not include the usg noted fields and additional fields can be left out on a case - by - case basis . to learn more about metadata best practices and validators , check out the resources and tools below . required : a harvest source at : https : / / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . gov / data . json , e . g . urltoken
in august 2009 , andrew carpenter , bob burbach , and dave augustine banded together outside of their work at wested interactive in san francisco to enter the [ sunlight labs apps for america 2 ] contest using data available on data . gov . understanding the wealth of important information published every day in the federal register , they used the raw data to develop urltoken , which won second place in the contest . in march 2010 , the office of the federal register approached the trio to repurpose , refine , and expand on the urltoken application to bring the federal register to a wider audience . federal register 2 . 0 is the product of this innovative partnership and was developed using the principles of open government .
the new federal register 2 . 0 ( urltoken , shown in figure 1 ) makes the federal register publication vastly more accessible to anyone who is not an experienced government relations professional through new features including search , categorized browsing by topic and federal agency , improved readability , and clear information about related public comment periods . govpulse wasn’t the only project to create an innovative tool based on the federal register xml release , though it has been the most successful . fedthread , created at princeton university’s center for information technology policy , was a collaborative annotation tool . ( it was discontinued in 2011 . ) and urltoken by brett killins provides customized email updates as search queries match new entries published in the register . 17
have you ever wondered about the relationship between nara’s metadata guidance , open data , and the project open data metadata schema for urltoken in this post , we provide an overview of these three pieces of guidance and how they work together . nara bulletin 2015 - 04 : metadata guidance for the transfer of permanent electronic records nara bulletin 2015 - 04 specifies …
kenya is only the latest and not the first to make information a right . according to the website urltoken 93 the right to government - held information is protected by the constitutions of roughly 40 countries . the philippines has a particularly strong provision specifically mentioning records , documents , papers , and research data . the united states is conspicuously not among these countries .
what is open data providing by indian government . how to use the api and download the data in csv , json or in xls format . open data is now making indian government more transparent . open data is for all for that you can visit urltoken where you will get the knowledge and data of all the sectors like education , health survey , android apps .
the urltoken platform will offer a module for contributing data catalogs by various government agencies for making it available on the front end website after a due approval process through a defined workflow . it will also have a module for managing and updating various functionalities and content types of the national data portal frontend , and a module for collating and disseminating viewer feedback on various data catalogs .
after more than an year of its announcement , looks like the indian government has finally launched urltoken ( hat - t ip – @ paraschopra ) in open beta . the site allows the government of india ministries / departments and their organizations to publish data - sets , documents , services , tools and applications collected by them for public use , in order to make government functions more
the re - launched urltoken in december 2011 took congressional floor speeches to a new artistic level , making them into illustrated holiday cards ( figure 12 ) . of course no longer a word cloud , the holiday cards mash up what was learned from the word cloud data analysis with a fantastical illustration technique to make a novel and extremely compelling visualization of what congress is talking about .
the legal materials that have received focus by u . s . projects include congressional bills ( e . g . by my own urltoken and urltoken by jim harper ) , state legislation ( richmond sunlight by waldo jaquith , knowledge as power by sarah schacht , and the open states project of the sunlight foundation ) , administrative law ( federal register 2 . 0 ) , statutory law ( cornell university’s legal information institute and virginia decoded by waldo jaquith ) , and case law ( recap out of princeton university , all among many others ) . what these projects all have in common is digging deeply into a particular aspect of law , generally making the text available in a way it was not before , and often providing additional tools to track changes to the law .
this document has some forward - thinking recommendations , including the use of rdf , sparql , and uris for identifiers , which are technologies for the semantic web . the semantic web has gained little traction for open data either in government or outside , except at urltoken where rdf is a core part of the platform . it also addresses bulk data , discovery , and the often overlooked issue of text encoding .
top : average daily ridership in the wmata rail system by year , for select stations , using google fusion tables and then some photoshopping after . bottom : ridership growth from 2009 to 2010 shown as the size and color of the circle markers located at each of the wmata rail stations in downtown d . c , using urltoken and some drawing by hand . the smallest circles actually represent a decrease in ridership .
the problems addressed by disinfectant - oriented projects and consumer - oriented products can be similar . mysociety’s urltoken and popvox , a company i co - founded in 2010 , help people contact their members of parliament or members of congress . like traditional open government applications , these two websites also have something to do with government accountability . but the approaches are different from websites that indict government as broken and not listening .
a common format for permalinks to documents , which is used at most newspaper websites , is urltoken web addresses of this form give a clue about the date and nature of the document which helps users verify that they have the right link . the league of technical voters proposes that web addresses be used to help distinguish document versions by having a different but related web address for each published version of a document , as well as in the extreme case to identify paragraphs within documents ( see urltoken ) . the american association of law libraries’ principles call permanent addresses “persistent urls ( purls ) ” — although purls are usually short - urls that can updated at any time to redirect to the current location of a resource . the use of redirecting urls should be a last resort when a persistent , descriptive url cannot be created .
federal agencies that manage geospatial data should make their geospatial metadata holdings available to urltoken using a consolidated geospatial harvest source , preferably one single csw endpoint for the entire agency . for example , all offices and bureaus within the department of interior would make their metadata available through one consolidated csw covering all of the department of the interior . ( non - geospatial metadata should be provided separately . see section 3 below . )
visitors who are interested in other datasets not yet available on urltoken can suggest them by clicking on the “metrics” tab from the home page . over 1 , 000 suggestions for datasets have been submitted since may 2009 . of the suggestions received , roughly 22 percent could not be published due primarily to security , privacy , or technology constraints . all other suggestions are either now available or are in the process of being made available .
this first principle was adapted from sunlight foundation’s principles for transparency in government 135 and the “access” requirement of the open knowledge foundation’s open knowledge definition ( okd ) at urltoken ( and reproduced in section 7 . 2 ) . the recommendations below continue with those published by the open government working group ( opengovdata . org ) , convened by carl malamud in november 2007 . here are its principles two through four . 136 data should be :
49 . the history of open government data is substantially different in the united kingdom . for more on that , see halonen , antti . 2012 . being open about data : analysis of the uk open data policies and applicability of open data . additionally , an excellent timeline of events influential in the open government data movement in the united kingdom can be found in davies , tim . 2010 . open data , democracy and public sector reform . urltoken .


people pattern is a digital marketing company based in austin , texas .

the company 's text analytics software applications extract facts , relationships and sentiment from unstructured data , which comprise approximately 85 % of the information companies store electronically .

corporations that use or have used people pattern software include mcdonald 's , charles schwab , campbell 's soup , discover , wal-mart , nintendo , the university of texas , and cisco systems .

people pattern

people pattern raises $ 4 . 5m to help you uncover the personality of your sales leads
people pattern - 212 photos - computer company - 501 pedernales st . , austin , texas 78702
people pattern raises $ 4 . 5m to help you uncover the personality of your sales leads | venturebeat
people pattern , an austin startup , is fittingly staging its coming out party at this year’s sxsw .
people pattern delivered validation and contributed to product development as well as fulfilled its assigned task , cho said .
people pattern provides audience insights to companies by using data science to turn public expression into actionable persona sets .
paint , pattern & people : furniture of southeastern pennsylvania , 1725–1850 by wendy a . cooper and lisa minardi
cho said other companies are working in a similar area but none possess people pattern’s hard - core science approach .
the program that baldridge and the other data scientists at people pattern have developed taps into social network databases to gather information , classify words , associate people in groups , and analyze the data .
with the databases and the tools of data science people pattern can do in days what takes months for traditional marketing campaigns to do .
people pattern uses complex data science techniques to extract actionable marketing insights from the ocean of unbiased opinions and data generated by social media users .
the company hired people pattern to figure out switchers , a segment of customers who go back and forth between its restaurants and those of competitors .
beyond that core task , cho said people pattern matched research about customer categories that the company had learned over 35 years of market research . people pattern also uncovered a group of “breakfast only professionals” in sacramento , which led to a market test of all day breakfast in the california capital .
as an example , cho and baldridge recounted work people pattern did for a large fast food company known for its hamburger restaurants arching across the world .
beginner - start with a 4 - person pattern and decide who comes next .
people pattern applies data science to analyze indicators such as the words people use and the people they associate with – their patterns – to identify specific segments and sub - segments of customers . with that information companies can tailor messages for specific groups , develop content , generate sales leads and in media planning .
people pattern is a software as a service platform that supplies meaningful audience insights to the world’s biggest brands . via semi - supervised machine - learned algorithms and natural language processing , people pattern turns vast , messy public expression into actionable persona sets , helping brands gain an edge in the race to win , retain and serve customers .
cho said that within eight days people pattern pulled in 600 , 000 social media profiles , harvested relevant information from posts and tweets and other interactions , and analyzed it .
people pattern found that the hamburger chain shared 25 % of its switchers with a chain of sandwich shops . the switchers subbed in sandwiches for burgers because of health perceptions .
challenge accepted , social distillery ! in support of # als , people pattern corporation completed the # icebucketchallenge . we nominate the folks at gage , sooth and the university of maryland ' s professor philip resnik . keep in mind , friends , people pattern has pledged $ 250 to support als with 100 % participation ! you have 24 hours .
people pattern , a company that evaluates social media to deliver insight about sales leads and other potential revenue drivers , has closed a $ 4 . 5 million round of new funding .
above : ken cho , cofounder and chief executive of people pattern . cho opted to give the company ' s head shots some life , to be different and humorous , he said .
many people wake up at night and panic ,
he says .
i tell them that what they are experiencing is a throwback to the bi - modal sleep pattern .
[ … ] people pattern digs marketing data out of social mediasilicon hills news , on mon , 09 mar 2015 21 : 26 : 45 - 0700cho , a founder and former chief executive of social marketing company spredfast , brings the digital marketing expertise to people pattern . the data science comes from co - founder jason baldridge , an associate professor of linguistics at the university … [ … ]
in many historic accounts , ekirch found that people used the time to meditate on their dreams .
people pattern can also craft custom algorithms that can tell customers what they want to know about leads . for example , one algorithm can figure out where a potential customer currently sits in the sales lifecycle .
“we’re able to scale it , collapse the timelines and you’re able to take action directly , ” ken cho , a people pattern co - founder and chief executive , said of the market research process .
we use artificial intelligence to develop audience insights and people - based datasets with both probabilistic and deterministic data .
and these hours weren ' t entirely solitary - people often chatted to bed - fellows or had sex .
when people typically think of valentine’s day they think of romance and roses with dinner at a fancy restaurant . but let’s be honest , most of us end up spending it at home with our favorite streaming service , such as netflix or hulu . this year we decided to use people pattern to dig in and see . . .
what are panels ? panels are curated groups of people who fall within a particular niche . these groups can be general , such as tech opinion leaders or blog authors , or they can be more specific , like construction workers in the greater chicago area . in order to create a panel , the people pattern plat . . .
[ … ] a similar move to what twitter did in 2007 , new data company people pattern is planning a major launch at this year’s south by southwest . in the age of big - data , this [ … ]
we know that the most valuable insights come from studying the people behind the conversations . via @ peoplepattern # audienceintelligence urltoken
people pattern looks to catch a rising wave of corporate spending on digital marketing . the gartner group reported that while digital marketing is still a fraction of traditional marketing spending , more companies are transitioning to digital channels and increasing spending to address them .
people pattern has been refining its data science algorithms to make the systems work right . the new funding , cho said , will help the company bring on more staff fluent in techniques such as natural - language processing — the notion of pulling key information out of people’s real written words . people pattern’s other cofounder , jason baldridge , is well versed in that process , as an associate professor of computational linguistics at the university of texas at austin . and baldridge brought with him to the startup two data scientists who studied under him at the university , cho said . but the team could use some help in developing the product further .
cho and baldridge had met six years ago and cho had kept track of baldridge . ( “he was stalking me , ” baldridge joked . ) when cho shared his ideas with baldridge , the professor , as he’s called around people pattern , was on board .
marketing automation has hit a high point in the past year , too . marketo went public in april , and oracle bought eloqua for $ 871 million last year . oracle enriched its holdings by laying out $ 1 . 5 billion for responsys . but software from oracle , as well as urltoken and adobe , represent complementary technologies , not competition , cho said . that’s because people pattern goes beyond just summarizing what people are saying on facebook and twitter and categorizes people based on the things they say on social media .
cho , a founder and former chief executive of social marketing company spredfast , brings the digital marketing expertise to people pattern . the data science comes from co - founder jason baldridge , an associate professor of linguistics at the university of texas who conducts research in computational linguistics .
but for legal and safety reasons , a human had to be onboard . superhuman pattern recognition could help to make temporarily empty robot taxis acceptable .
a third factor is the broader societal changes that occur within a generation’s life cycle . these changes have a bigger impact on the political views of younger people , who are still in the process of forming opinions . older people are more likely to reflect the values prevalent when they were growing up . the greater acceptance of homosexuality and interracial dating among young people than older ones today are examples of this .
cho can talk marketing , personas and market all day . baldridge matches him step for step on the technology side . he researches computational linguistics , particularly natural language processing and machine learning . he’s on leave from ut austin during the 2014 - 2015 academic year to work on people pattern .
mohr davidow ventures led the round for the austin , texas based company . the round also contained contributions from private investors . the deal comes on top of a $ 250 , 000 round of seed funding earlier this year , people pattern cofounder and chief executive ken cho told venturebeat in an interview .
“jason is doing fundamental work in machine learning and geo - temporal grounding of natural language , among other things , ” said anthony woodbury , chair of the department of linguistics at ut - austin . “there is therefore a very close connection between jason’s research and teaching , and his work with people pattern . ”
strong evidence of this shifting attitude is contained in a medical journal from 1829 which urged parents to force their children out of a pattern of first and second sleep .
paint , pattern & people shed new light on distinctive local variations of furniture , presenting rare examples for which the maker or family history is known . the exhibition was accompanied by a fully illustrated , 304 - page publication . join us for an in - depth exploration of this diverse region and its various creative expressions .
while most social marketing tools focus on analyzing conversations about a brand , we know that the most valuable insights come from studying the people behind those conversations .
during this waking period people were quite active . they often got up , went to the toilet or smoked tobacco and some even visited neighbours . most people stayed in bed , read , wrote and often prayed . countless prayer manuals from the late 15th century offered special prayers for the hours in between sleeps .
paisley - the - town’s dominance in shawl production explains how the boteh pattern got renamed “paisley” throughout the western world . ( europeans also used the word paisley interchangeably with shawl —as in , “gertrude , your paisley is crooked . ” ) the pattern acquired other nicknames and associations in its migration westward : the french called it at one point “tadpole , ” the viennese , “little onion . ” quilters gave the pattern their own tender nicknames : “persian pickles” from the americans , “welsh pears” from the welsh .
the circle of paisley’s irony is now complete . a pattern of exclusive royal privilege in the east becomes the pattern of western capitalist longing . it trickles down on humbler fabrics to working men , gay men , gang members , and boy scouts . it signifies free love and forbidden love , belonging and exclusion—a seemingly impossible range of human experience .
in the early 1990s , psychiatrist thomas wehr conducted an experiment in which a group of people were plunged into darkness for 14 hours every day for a month .
this could be the root of a condition called sleep maintenance insomnia , where people wake during the night and have trouble getting back to sleep , he suggests .
kids are still much better general pattern recognisers , of course . but today our nn can already learn to rival them in important limited domains . and each decade we gain another
associations with night before the 17th century were not good ,
he says . the night was a place populated by people of disrepute - criminals , prostitutes and drunks .
generally , numbers were assigned beginning in the northeast and moving westward . so people on the east coast have the lowest numbers and those on the west coast have the highest numbers .
another major influence on the political character of successive generations is the political climate and events that people in each generation experienced as they reached adulthood and began to form their political identities .
“historically , hundreds of billions of dollars have been spent annually on marketing , yet businesses had no real way to measure its true impact and return on investment , ” said bryan stolle , a partner in the mohr davidow venture capital firm and an investor in people pattern . “it was also very difficult to give attribution to which marketing program or dollar actually resulted in a sale . ”
jacobs suggests that the waking period between sleeps , when people were forced into periods of rest and relaxation , could have played an important part in the human capacity to regulate stress naturally .
people were becoming increasingly time - conscious and sensitive to efficiency , certainly before the 19th century ,
says roger ekirch .
but the industrial revolution intensified that attitude by leaps and bounds .
the implications of automatically determining a person’s sexuality from a handful of photos are enormous , first and most importantly because it puts lgbtq people at risk worldwide in places where they remain an oppressed minority .
[ 10 ] k . fukushima . neocognitron : a self - organizing neural network model for a mechanism of pattern recognition unaffected by shift in position . biological cybernetics , 36 ( 4 ) : 193 - 202 , 1980 .
people pattern’s rise this year coincides with a fertile funding environment for companies that help marketers do their jobs better . other beneficiaries include optimizely , a web - optimization vendor that picked up $ 28 million in april , and hubspot , an inbound - marketing software vendor that raised $ 35 million a bit more than a year ago . the czech startup futurelytics picked up $ 800 , 000 in seed money as it pushes a tool for segmenting customers .
who & apos ; s ready for mother & apos ; s day ? as someone who & apos ; s married to a mom and has a mom , i feel like there isn & apos ; t enough we can do for them to honor them on this holiday . i thought i & apos ; d use people pattern to get a better handle on what the majority of moms out there may want . i have my . . . .
the idea that we must sleep in a consolidated block could be damaging , he says , if it makes people who wake up at night anxious , as this anxiety can itself prohibit sleeps and is likely to seep into waking life too .
it took some time for their sleep to regulate but by the fourth week the subjects had settled into a very distinct sleeping pattern . they slept first for four hours , then woke for one or two hours before falling into a second four - hour sleep .
today , most people seem to have adapted quite well to the eight - hour sleep , but ekirch believes many sleeping problems may have roots in the human body ' s natural preference for segmented sleep as well as the ubiquity of artificial light .
the greater acceptance of diversity among young people extends to views of immigrants and immigration . overall , about half of the public ( 52 % ) says newcomers from other countries strengthen american society , while 39 % say they threaten traditional american customs and values .
today we spend less time doing those things ,
says dr jacobs .
it ' s not a coincidence that , in modern life , the number of people who report anxiety , stress , depression , alcoholism and drug abuse has gone up .
i still remember when in 1997 many thought it a big deal that human chess world champion kasparov was beaten by an ibm computer . but back then computers could not at all compete with little kids in visual pattern recognition , which seems much harder than chess from a computational perspective .
overall trust in government has changed little over the past year , but is at one of its lowest levels in more than half a century . ( for more , see people - press’s “distrust , discontent , anger and partisan rancor , ” april 18 , 2010 . )
his book at day ' s close : night in times past , published four years later , unearths more than 500 references to a segmented sleeping pattern - in diaries , court records , medical books and literature , from homer ' s odyssey to an anthropological account of modern tribes in nigeria .
that changed in the wake of the reformation and the counter - reformation . protestants and catholics became accustomed to holding secret services at night , during periods of persecution . if earlier the night had belonged to reprobates , now respectable people became accustomed to exploiting the hours of darkness .
he attributes the initial shift to improvements in street lighting , domestic lighting and a surge in coffee houses - which were sometimes open all night . as the night became a place for legitimate activity and as that activity increased , the length of time people could dedicate to rest dwindled .
omid reza sedaghatian brings expertise in product design and strategy to the people pattern team . this is from his years of experience engaging with both customers and engineers , and translating market needs into product features and workflows . he has worked with both saas and on - premise technologies and has a strong background in big data from his work at data focused companies such as dun & bradstreet . with his unique experience and training in areas such as human centered design and pragmatic product management , omid is able to develop a unique understanding of market needs and package those into user friendly products and services .
( nn ) were the first methods to achieve superhuman pattern recognition in an official international competition ( with secret test set known only to the organisers ) [ 1 , 2 ] . this was made possible through the work of my collaborators dr . dan claudiu ciresan & dr . ueli meier & jonathan masci .
in addition to showing the pattern according to year of birth , the conventional generational labels defining each birth cohort are also shown . for the vote in 2008 and 2010 , the higher the line on the graph , the more democratic the vote ; conversely , the lower the line the more republican the vote .
younger generations also are significantly less likely than older ones to affiliate with a religious tradition . this pattern began in the 1970s when 13 % of baby boomers were unaffiliated with any particular religion , according to the general social survey . that compared with just 6 % among the silent generation and 3 % among the greatest generation .
wehr concluded that biphasic sleeping is the most natural sleep pattern , and is actually beneficial , rather than a form of insomnia . he also inferred that modern humans are chronically sleep - deprived , which may be why we usually take only 15 minutes to fall asleep , and why we try our best not to wake up in the night .
one benefit of biphasic sleeping may be that it makes it easier to recall and access dreams . wehr ' s study subjects normally awakened from rem sleep , which is the deep sleep stage during which dreams occur . according to ekirch , the historical evidence bears that out .
waking up directly after dreaming afforded people a pathway to their subconscious ,
he said .
with morning dreams we don ' t have the opportunity to let our dreams settle . the light goes on and we get out of bed immediately . so in short , we have lost what people in the past regarded as a critically important part of their lives – their dream life .
one - in - five millennials is hispanic ( 20 % ) , compared with only 6 % among greatest generation americans ( now ages 84 and older ) and 7 % among silent generation adults ( ages 66 to 83 ) . the same pattern of greater population share among younger generations is true for blacks , although the contrast between young and old is not as dramatic .
references to
first sleep
or
deep sleep
and
second sleep
or
morning sleep
abound in legal depositions , literature and other archival documents from pre - industrial european times . gradually , though , during the 19th century ,
language changed and references to segmented sleep fell away ,
said ekirch .
now people call it insomnia .
in other words , if you wake up in the night , don ' t worry about it .
waking up after a couple of hours may not be insomnia ,
wrote wehr .
it may be normal sleep .
ekirch added ,
if people don ' t fight it , they ' ll find themselves falling asleep again after roughly one hour .
the clearest pattern is that younger voters who turned 18 during the presidencies of clinton , bush or obama –the younger members of gen x and the millennial generation – have typically voted much more democratic than the average . in contrast , voters who turned 18 during the ford , carter , reagan and bush sr . presidencies –much of generation x and younger baby boomers– have voted somewhat more republican than the average .
weavers made shawls from the thread using a laborious twill - tapestry technique , which involved weaving the horizontal weft threads around the vertical warp threads only where that color is required in the pattern . ( a “color caller” fed the weaver instructions as he progressed . ) individual sections were then carefully and invisibly joined together into a larger shawl . making a complex shawl could eat up several years of a kashmiri weaver’s life .
paisley also exploded back into vogue in the 1960s . psychedelically detailed , paisley fed into hippies’ fascination with all things indian . ( john lennon had his rolls - royce painted paisley after the beatles visited india , and the band’s embrace of everything eastern boosted paisley’s profile considerably . ) fey , unabashedly lush , rich on its own uncompromising terms , paisley’s uncoolness—its original fans were by then great - grandmothers—made the pattern ripe for reappropriation .
this landmark exhibition explored the stunning and diverse furniture of southeastern pennsylvania and the people who made , owned , inherited , and collected it . delving into the cultures and creativity of the area’s inhabitants , primarily those of british and germanic heritage , this comprehensive show featured nearly 200 objects , including unique and colorful furniture , fraktur , needlework , paintings , and other items related to the history of the region .
in the 1990s , a sleep scientist named thomas wehr discovered that everyone sleeps biphasically when subjected to natural patterns of light and dark . in wehr ' s well - known study , he subjected participants to 14 hours of darkness per night , and found that they gradually shifted to a routine of taking two hours to fall asleep , then sleeping in two four - hour phases separated by about an hour of wakefulness—a pattern that exactly matched ekirch ' s historical findings .
traditional market research provides great insights but relies on poor data . nobody answers polls anymore , and the people who do hardly ever answer them honestly . yet there is a vast ocean of open and public opinions which have no bias . this is the ocean of social data , which is growing exponentially . unfortunately , most modern social marketing platforms do nothing more than count hashtags or mentions , there is no true analysis happening and no customer intelligence being provided .
the next phase of paisley’s evolution reads like any technology race , a deadly serious battle for market share wreathed in bobbing exotic boteh . the town of paisley , scotland , eclipsed norwich and edinburgh in shawl production in the early 19 th century , thanks to pattern piracy , fast - evolving labor structures , and early adoption of the jacquard loom . ( the latter device automated the manipulation of weft and warp threads necessary to produce complex patterns . it was a total game - changer in textile production . )
ekirch explained that in the past , and especially during winter , darkness spanned up to 14 hours each night . except for those affluent enough to burn candles for hours , folks were left with little to do but go to bed early , and this gave a great deal of flexibility to their nightly sleep requirements . segmented or biphasic sleep patterns evolved to fill the long stretch of nighttime , and as observed by anthropologists , segmented sleep continues to be the norm for many people in undeveloped parts of the world , such as the tiv group in central nigeria .
in places with electricity , though , artificial lighting has prolonged our experience of daylight , allowing us to be productive for longer . at the same time , it has cut nighttime short , and so to get enough sleep we now have to do it all in one go . now ,
normal
sleep requires forgoing the periods of wakefulness that used to break up the night ; we simply don ' t have time for a midnight chat with the neighbor any longer .
but people with particularly strong circadian rhythms continue to [ wake up in the night ] ,
said ekirch .
the dominant pattern of sleep , arguably since time immemorial , was biphasic ,
roger ekirch , a sleep historian at virginia tech university and author of
at day ' s close : night in times past
( norton 2005 ) , told life ' s little mysteries , a sister site to livescience .
humans slept in two four - hour blocks , which were separated by a period of wakefulness in the middle of the night lasting an hour or more . during this time some might stay in bed , pray , think about their dreams , or talk with their spouses . others might get up and do tasks or even visit neighbors before going back to sleep .
what form of life is paisley , exactly ? the symbol sprang up millennia ago , somewhere between present - day iran and the kashmiri region straddling the indian - pakistani border . although it was originally called buta or boteh , meaning “flower , ” in paisley people have seen resemblances to a lotus , a mango , a leech , a yin and yang , a dragon , and a cypress pine . ancient babylonians likened it to an uncurling date palm shoot . providing them with food , wine , wood , paper , hatch , and string—all of life’s necessities—date palms symbolized prosperity and plenty . paisley began its life as the privilege of cosseted , powerful men .
the generational pattern is more complex when it comes to immigration . the recent wave of immigration has contributed to the nation’s growing racial and ethnic diversity , but the youngest adults are not the most likely to be foreign - born . generation x , ages 31 to 46 , contains a higher percentage of immigrants ( 22 % ) than the millennial generation ( 15 % ) . millennials , however , stand out as being more likely than all but the oldest americans to be u . s . - born children of at least one immigrant pa rent ( 12 % ) . among the greatest generation , many of whose parents came to the united states during the nation’s immigration influx that began in the late 1800s , 17 % are u . s . - born children of immigrants .
the spell of paisley finally broke in the 1870s . the franco - prussian war of 1870–71 delivered the first blow : the french lost , leaving the country impoverished and depriving the kashmiri weavers of their biggest export customer . a famine in 1877 decimated the indian weavers , too . but paisley’s popularity ultimately ended thanks to inexorable swings in fashion . in the book the paisley pattern , authors valerie reilly and frank ames describe the paisley’s demise : “the beginning of the end for the shawl fashion was seen by 1865 , when the crinoline skirt began to flatten at the front and bunch up at the back as a prelude to the bustle . ” as the telegraph dryly noted in 2007 , “after a century of adapting the shawl to fashion needs , there was simply no way around the fact that wearing one over your bustle both destroyed the point of having it and made you look like quasimodo . ” the century of paisley was over .
the ai event of the year for growth marketers . aug . 21 - 22
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it’s the latest evidence that investors are betting on software for marketers . gartner predicted that the chief marketing officer will spend more money on information technology than the chief information officer by 2017 , and so investors are making moves to benefit when that time comes .
“really , what we’re trying to do is define the audience and the attributes around the audience that talk about the product , brand , or company , and not just around the conversation , ” cho said .
the company does that by applying data science to available social information associated with a particular sales lead . the new layer of information about the lead — that she likes classical music , for example — can be laced into the company’s existing databases , such as a customer - relationship managing tool for managing all the sales leads or even a spreadsheet full of email addresses for users in a customer - loyalty program .
with the new data , users can group their leads into categories and start sending them more targeted content .
the startup now has eight customers , including the largest retailer in the world and the largest fast food company in the world , said cho , who previously cofounded social media software company spredfast . even though the startup has already reeled in such big customers , cho has chosen to make sure its own marketing materials — like head shots — stand out , so the company doesn’t get passed over as just another boring marketing software company . “everything else is so generic , ” he said . “i just thought , there had to be something fun in there , ” he said .
the only marketing research technology brands need . developed audience intelligence using machine learning .
traditional market research is time - consuming , unreliable at scale , and prone to bias .
our data scientists leverage a strong background in experimental research to continuously retrain and fine tune our prediction models , providing the perfect balance between recall and precision .
garbage in , garbage out has been a truism in computing since its beginning . working with data that has no , or little , meaning leaves an information process in just about the same dire circumstances . and now there are two companies addressing these issues .
when data is not readable and is coupled with the ever - increasing glut of data coming from global sources , the problem is ratcheted up . this is a large problem in global supply chains and is a constantly growing problem in the successful handling of millions of warranty processes .
data can be hard to handle through language complexities , cultural nuance and context confusion or diffusion . the business process at hand without full data is at risk of being either unused or misunderstood .
companies need a single and unified view of data . this includes structured data that is readily available and unstructured data that may be buried or not traceable by normal procedures . if the use of data is to be optimized in a process it must be open to analysis .
in addition to data that is coded and simply numeric as data stored in rows and columns there is data that is free - form that can be from written notes , word documents , e - mail , reports , news feeds , etc . this latter data may be critical and can affect business performance , trends and customer feedback ( as in returns and warranty situations ) .
two companies have taken on this problem and offer their solutions . the companies are : teradata , a division of ncr , and attensity of palo alto , calif . the partnership means the integration of teradatas active data warehouse system and attensity ' s text analytics applications .
some of the core benefits are : consolidation of structured and unstructured data that allows for more informed analysis and clearer decision making . it allows getting deeper into root causes of problems and insights into business trends .
the way it works is the unstructured data ( from many diverse sources ) is run through a series of attensity extraction
engines
that parse and transform the data . the structured data is also processed and resides in a fused relational data warehouse .
for instance , in a warranty claim , there can be structured data that is valuable with information like a significant date or product code number . but there is also the opportunity though the processing of unstructured data to get at inspector notes that actually define the root cause of the problem : a cracked bolt on the underside of the transmission , for instance . the attensity / teradata process allows for the integration and use of both kinds of data .
eight - five percent of data is unstructured , and you need text analysis and text abstraction along with a relational database to arrive at an integrated view ,
says jerry hill , vice president of manufacturing , for teradata . he has served as the director of supply chain solutions marketing for teradata .
david bean , the co - founder of attensity and its chief technology officer and a prolific inventor of five software patents , with many pending , says ,
we have taken a different approach that is relational . we have taken the path through extraction . we break down sentences [ text ] diagrammatically as in parsing . this includes separating actors , actions and objects .
the attensity method therefore uses linguistic principles to transform free - format text fields into identifiable facts and events within a relational format . teradata then takes the already structured data and the newly attensity structured data and makes it available to users as fully traceable data within the teradata active data warehouse .
one client , whirlpool corporation , has experienced reduced warranty and recall - related exposures and experienced significant savings on cost of recalls through early detection .
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urltoken
twitter emerged with a splash at south by southwest in 2007 , unleashing an ever - growing barrage of tweets , posts , photos , and other social media interactions .
the company is developing software that mines the oceans of information embedded in social media to provide insight that companies can use to develop sharply focused digital marketing campaigns quickly and efficiently .
they started the company in early 2013 . now it formally launches at sxsw with an open house at its pedernales street offices in east austin and an invitation - only party at franklin barbecue .
using computational methods in marketing , called quantitative marketing , provides accurate feedback on what works and enables precise understanding of customers , stolle said .
with a venture investment , he’s betting on cho’s marketing and entrepreneurial acumen and baldridge’s computational expertise . “i immediately saw them as a very powerful team that could build something game - changing in the quantitative marketing field , ” he said .
mohr davidow invested $ 250 , 000 of seed money in early 2013 and came back at the end of that year with a $ 4 . 5 million series a round .
in the past two years , the company has been developing its software , which involves natural language processing and analytics . and it’s putting together a track record serving a range of customers , including some fortune 500 companies .
cho said that the switchers should be targeted with messaging highlighting the hamburger chain’s healthier options .
“all in eight days , ” he said . “their ceo was blown away . ”
“this guy knows what he’s doing , ” baldridge remembers thinking . “he’s got a business problem that needs to be solved by fortune 500 companies . cool ! that’s exactly what i was looking for . ”
“we have the potential and have shown several times that within a week we can collect hundreds of thousands of profiles and run it all through this automated pipeline that then leads into something akin to personas , ” baldridge said .
stolle , for one , is encouraged by the company’s progress . “the company is definitely tracking ahead of plan – always a good sign for long - term success , ” he said .
several years ago , while developing cutting edge marketing solutions which leveraged social data at spredfast , ken cho realized that data collected from social platforms was not truly being taken advantage of . he understood that all companies must ensure that their services and marketing efforts are personalized , provide ongoing value , and continually win the hearts ( and share of wallet ) of their customers . this is traditionally done through market research , but traditional market research is broken and cannot keep up with the expanding reach that modern technology is providing to more and more customers .
this is when ken realized that it was the marriage of the two , traditional market research and the vast amount of opinions available in social data , that would be the next generation of market research . the key to this was the need for natural language processing and machine learning . this is where ken partnered with jason baldridge , then a professor of computational linguistics at the university of texas at austin , to use machine learning , exploratory data analysis and natural language processing to create the world’s best audience intelligence solution based on semi - structured social data . this allows companies to remove the silos around traditional marketing and social marketing , and leverage social data to provide value across the whole organization . insights are developed faster and customers can be activated directly on the relevant social platforms .
) . he later founded spredfast , a saas platform that allows organizations to manage , monitor and measure their social media programs .
ken has an economics degree from wesleyan and an mba from the university of texas at austin . he will maintain for eternity that oasis is the world’s greatest band .
steve was previously the director of data sciences at w2o group and founded ravel , an enterprise grade analytics solution for discovering insights from big data . his specialties include web software and services , social media data management , data analysis with hadoop and related technologies , data analysis with spark and related technologies , documented data - stores , graph databases , statistical methods , predictive analytics , time - series analyses , graph algorithms , machine learning algorithms and textual analysis .
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recently i was briefed on a new project around some natural and organic food brands . one observation that was perplexing was that among the audience interested in these brands , 57 % of them seemed supportive of trump . most might assume that all granola types are super hippie and left leaning . from my . . .
researchers have created an ai that is more accurate than humans in determining whether a person is gay or straight just from a handful of photographs . it . .
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small chest - over - drawers , probably made for hannah darlington , probably made by moses pyle , london grove township area , chester county ; 1747 ; 2001 . 19 winterthur museum partial purchase and partial gift of william r . smith and sons in memory of marjorie b . smith , wife and mother
learn more about the diverse furniture of southeastern pennsylvania in this groundbreaking publication . the region’s great diversity comes into focus through new scholarship as well as never - before - published furniture and related objects . purchase online or in the museum bookstore . members receive a 10 % discount .
chest , attributed to the compass artist , lancaster county ; 1785–1820 ; white pine , tulip - poplar , oak ; paint ; iron ; collection of dr . and mrs . donald m . herr
kaufman americana foundation henry luce foundation elizabeth b . mcgraw foundation richard c . von hess foundation
portrait of samuel ensminger , jr . and portrait of mrs . samuel ensminger , jr . ( elizabeth summy ) and child , attributed to jacob maentel ( 1778–1863 ? ) , manheim , lancaster county ; 1831 ; watercolor and ink on wove paper ; collection of stephen and dolores smith
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a history of paisley : the origins of the curved shapes in paisley print .
the life of the world’s most democratic print , from kashmiri sultans to the bloods and the crips .
excerpted from patternalia : an unconventional history of polka dots , stripes , plaid , camouflage , & other graphic patterns by jude stewart . out now from bloomsbury .
kashmiri shawls sprang up as early as the 11 th century but found their first promoter in zain - ul - abidin , who ruled kashmir from 1459 to 1470 and encouraged weavers from persia and central asia to move to his kingdom . their next champion was akbar ( reigned 1556–1605 ) , who made the shawls central to the kashmiri practice of khil’at , “robes of honor” ceremonially exchanged in political and religious contexts to establish a clear pecking order . ( being on the receiving end made one submissive and therefore inferior to the giver—not awesome , although scoring the sumptuous textiles made for luxurious compensation . ) shawls given as khil’at were decorated with all sorts of patterns , although some scholars wonder if the paisley motif came to predominate because it resembled jigha , a crown insignia jewel used to pin a feather to a courtier’s turban . ( gradually the jigha elongated , more and more resembling the feather it anchored . so , yet another reading : paisley is a feather . )
as with so many other luxury goods , there was nothing efficient about making a kashmiri shawl . its wool came from a central asian species of goat , capra hircus in latin or shahtoosh in indigenous terms . these animals wandered into the high himalayas , where the bitter cold made their underbellies sprout a dense , ultrafine wool . the goats shed this pashmina , as this wool was called , in the summer by rubbing themselves against rocks and bushes ; textile workers then literally climbed the himalayas , collected the fluff by hand , and spun it into thread .
shawls started infiltrating europe in the late 18 th century , when kashmiri princes began including british east india co . officers in their ritual shawl - giving . the english officers sent the shawls home to their sweethearts , who clamored for more . fresh from conquering egypt and next sniffing around india , many of napoleon’s officers found themselves stationed near kashmir and similarly tempted by the shawls . napoleon’s wife joséphine began stockpiling paisleys , and by the early 1800s , european desire for paisley had intensified into frenzy .