the japan spaceguard association ( 日本スペースガード協会 nihon supēsugādo kyōkai , abbreviated jsga ) is a not-for-profit organization based in tokyo , japan .

its formal status under the japanese law is specified nonprofit corporation ( 特定非営利活動法人 ) .

japan spaceguard association

( 1 . nagoya university graduate school of environmental studies , 2 . japan aerospace exploration agency , 3 . japan spaceguard association )
no articles found . japan spaceguard association ( jsga ) did not contribute to any primary research papers from nature index journals in the current 12 month window .
eye on the sky : the japan spaceguard association ' s bisei center in ibara , okayama prefecture , keeps an eye on space debris and asteroids with the aid of optical telescopes . | kyodo
however , the area being watched by the spaceguard association is less congested as it is located higher up and thus more costly to place satellites there .
every day , observers at the japan spaceguard association stare steadfastly at the skies 36 , 000 km above the equator . and they are deadly serious about their job — to guard japanese satellites from colliding with space junk and debris .
in early april : a possible association with the príbram radiant .
see : <
) , okinawa ( japan ) . jaxa will maintain website . see : <
, travelling in 30 seconds about 1000 km , 71 km above japan . estimated mass
the united states is the main contributor to the search effort , with several telescopes dedicated to spaceguard . japan recently constructed a new telescope facility for spaceguard work and europe is in the process of setting up search telescopes and the vital support systems to analyse the data from the searches .
in addition , there are hundreds of thousands of pieces around 1 cm in size and more than 100 million measuring around 1 mm , making it extremely difficult for the spaceguard association team to detect them .
aa ( max - planck - institut für extraterrestrische physik , garching bei münchen , germany ) , ab ( astronomical institute , faculty of mathematics and physics , charles university in prague , v holesovickách 2 , 180 00 , praha 8 , czech republic ) , ac ( institute of space and astronautical science , japan aerospace exploration agency , 3 - 1 - 1 yoshinodai , sagamihara , kanagawa 229 - 8510 , japan ) , ad ( institute of space and astronautical science , japan aerospace exploration agency , 3 - 1 - 1 yoshinodai , sagamihara , kanagawa 229 - 8510 , japan ) , ae ( institute of space and astronautical science , japan aerospace exploration agency , 3 - 1 - 1 yoshinodai , sagamihara , kanagawa 229 - 8510 , japan ) , af ( department of physics and astronomy , the university of western ontario , 1151 richimond st . london , on , n6a 3k7 , canada ) , ag ( institute of astronomy , national central university , 300 jhongda rd . , jhongli , taoyuan 32001 , taiwan ) , ah ( okayama astrophysical observatory , national astronomical observatory of japan , 3037 - 5 honjo , kamogata , asaguchi , okayama 719 - 0232 , japan ) , ai ( bisei spaceguard center , japan spaceguard association , 1716 - 3 okura , bisei , ibara , okayama 714 - 1411 , japan ) , aj ( bisei spaceguard center , japan spaceguard association , 1716 - 3 okura , bisei , ibara , okayama 714 - 1411 , japan ) , ak ( kiso observatory , institute of astronomy , the university of tokyo , 10762 - 30 mitake , kiso , nagano 397 - 0101 , japan ) , al ( tokyo metropolitan government , 2 - 8 - 1 nishishinjyuku , shinjyuku , tokyo 163 - 8001 , japan ) , am ( aichi toho university , 3 - 11 heiwagaoka , meito , nagoya , aichi 468 - 8515 , japan ) , an ( jet propulsion laboratory , 4800 oak grove drive , ms 183 - 301 , pasadena , ca 91109 , usa ) , ao ( korea astronomy and space science institute , 61 - 1 hwaam - dong , yueing - gu , daejeon , taejon 305 - 348 , korea ) , ap ( lunar and planetary laboratory , university of arizona , tucson , az , 85721 - 0092 , usa ) , aq ( okayama astrophysical observatory , national astronomical observatory of japan , 3037 - 5 honjo , kamogata , asaguchi , okayama 719 - 0232 , japan ) , ar ( national astronomical observatory of japan , 2 - 21 - 1 osawa , mitaka , tokyo 181 - 8588 , japan )
copyright on jpgu - agu joint meeting 2017 site , you agree not to redistribute japan geoscience union .
japan is working on the formation of a space surveillance force , which is poised to go into effect in 2019 . consistent with its policy stances in the past , this move is cloaked in the language of observing and countering orbital debris . since 1996 , the japan spaceguard association ( jsga ) , a non - profit organization , has been on a mission to observe space debris and near earth objects . its radar and optical observation facilities in okayama prefecture were constructed and completed by the japan space forum in the early 2000s , with subsidies from the japanese government .
japan ' s h - iib rocket is set on the launching pad of the tanegashima space center in kagoshima prefecture , japan ' s southern island of kyushu on aug . 19 . ( jiji press / afp / getty images )
death toll from west japan downpours and flooding reaches 126 the death toll from torrential rains in western japan reached 126 on monday , and 86 people were still missing after massive flooding and landslides destroyed homes and displaced tens of thousands o . . .
, an association aimed at the protection of the earth environment against the bombardment of objects of the solar system ( comets and asteroids ) . according to the foundation
the association has so far discovered about 1 , 000 asteroids and keeps in contact with similar organizations in europe and the u . s . to exchange information .
, purple mountain observatory , nanjing ( china ) , with participants from china , finland , japan , taiwan , and uzbekistan . establishment of the
2 nd international workshop on neo deflection policy , sibiu ( romania ) , organized by the association of space explorers ( ase ) . see : < urltoken > .
a spokesperson for science minister , peter mcgauran , has recently stated that the australian government will investigate the renewal of funding for a dedicated australian spaceguard programme .
( 1 . hawaii inst geophys & planetol , 2 . york university , 3 . japan aerospace exploration agency , 4 . national institute for environmental studies )
( 1 . planetary exploration research center , chiba institute of technology , 2 . national astronomical observatory of japan , 3 . rikkyo university , 4 . seoul national university , 5 . tokyo meteor network , 6 . japan spaceguard association , 7 . nihon university , 8 . hokkaido university of education , 9 . taiwan national central university , 10 . japan aerospace exploration agency , 11 . national aeronautics and space administration , 12 . hiroshima university , 13 . osaka university , 14 . kobe university , 15 . tohoku university , 16 . kyoto university , 17 . brown university , 18 . the university of tokyo , 19 . nagoya university , 20 . the graduate university for advanced studies , 21 . hokkaido university , 22 . university of stuttgart , 23 . max planck institute , 24 . kawasaki municipal science museum )
mcmillan , r . s . , t . h . bressi , a . s . descour , t . gehrels , a . e . gleason , r . jedicke , j . l . montani , m . l . perry , m . read , j . v . scotti , a . f . tubbiolo . 2002 .
a progress report on spacewatch .
international workshop on collaboration and coordination among neo observers and orbital computers ( held at the kurashiki city art museum , japan from october 23 to 26 , 2001 ) . s . isobe and y . asakura , eds . ( published by japan spaceguard association ) . 7 - 10 .
4 th international workshop on neo deflection policy , san francisco ( ca , usa ) , organized by the association of space explorers ( ase ) . see : < urltoken > .
( 1 . japan aerospace exploration agency , institute of space and astronautical science ( jaxa / isas ) , japan , 2 . hawaii institute of geophysics and planetology , university of hawaii at manoa , usa , 3 . department of earth and space science and engineering , lassonde school of engineering , york university , canada . )
3 rd international workshop on neo deflection policy , guácimo ( costa rica ) , organized by the association of space explorers ( ase ) . see : < urltoken > , < urltoken > .
the united states is the main contributor to the search effort , and japan recently constructed a new spaceguard facility . in europe the british government ' s neo task force report validated the hazard posed by asteroids and comets , and made a number of recommendations for british and international action . discussions on possible european projects , led by the uk , are ongoing .
spaceguard is the name given to an international effort to detect asteroids and comets that might collide with the earth . such objects are referred to as near earth objects ( neos ) .
( 1 . institute of space and astronautical science , japan aerospace exploration agency , 2 . national institute for environmental studies , 3 . national institute of advanced industrial science and technology )
to promote and co - ordinate a ground network ( the spaceguard system ) , backed up by possible satellite network , for the discovery observations and for astrometric and physical follow - up .
1 st international workshop on neo deflection policy , international space university , strasbourg ( france ) , organized by the association of space explorers ( ase ) . see : < urltoken > , < urltoken > , < urltoken > .
having won the trust of the japan aerospace exploration agency with its outstanding observation record and technology , it has been commissioned to keep watch over the safety of japanese communications , broadcast and weather observation satellites in geostationary orbit .
the bisei spaceguard center is located on a hill in ibara , okayama prefecture . the area — known for having one of the most pitch - black night skies and a large number of clear days — offers excellent conditions for stargazers .
( 1 . institute of space and astronautical science , japan aerospace exploration agency , 2 . the university of tokyo , 3 . yokohama national university , 4 . kochi institute for core sample research , japan agency for marine - earth science and technology , 5 . osaka university , 6 . hiroshima university , 7 . hikkaido university , 8 . national institute of advanced industrial science and technology , 9 . kobe university , 10 . institut d’astrophysique spatiale , orsay , 11 . german aerospace center )
the united nations and the oecd have recognised the potential hazard to our civilisation from asteroid impacts . this month the oecd is looking at the issue as part of its global science forum and recently asked developed nations to indicate their plans to contribute to the spaceguard effort .
japan’s moves are reinforced by its growing ssa collaboration with the united states , and the understanding that information will flow two ways in the context of the deepening alliance . these directions are also fortified by the new security legislation that was just passed by the abe government .
. report 25 february 2005 . hans rickman , former iau general secretary , presents paper
comet / asteroid impacts and human society
. the planetary defense center of lavochkin association , moscow ( russia ) presents a proposal
creation of the ' citadel ' international planetary defense system .
see : <
“japan’s space technology is good at autonomous control in which satellites power their own movements , as symbolized by the hayabusa , ” kawamoto said , referring to jaxa’s most well - known unmanned spacecraft . “the method of attaching a wire is low cost and thus a promising one . ”
jedicke , r . , a . morbidelli , t . spahr , j - m . petit , w . f . bottke jr . 2003 .
earth and space - based neo survey simulations : prospects for achieving the spaceguard goal .
icarus , 161 : 17 - 33 .
a global spaceguard programme could provide decades of warning of an impact , providing sufficient time to refine the technology required to divert the threatening asteroid into a harmless orbit , or to evacuate the predicted impact area . this is clearly demonstrated by the recent close approach of 2001 yb5 , a 300m wide asteroid .
we note that a spokesperson for science minister peter mcgauran said that the government would look into renewing the funding of a dedicated australian spaceguard programme ( the age , 9th january ) . we welcome this reassessment of the issue and look forward to australia rejoining the international effort to deal with the asteroid threat .
jedicke , r . , a . morbidelli , t . spahr , j . - m . petit , w . bottke . 2001 .
earth and space - based neo survey simulations : prospects for achieving the spaceguard goal .
abstract . bull . amer . astron . soc . , 33 , 1138 .
a major global spaceguard effort could provide decades of warning prior to an impact . this would be sufficient time to refine the space technology needed to nudge a threatening asteroid into a harmless orbit , or to evacuate the predicted impact area . without spaceguard there would be too little warning to prevent a disaster . this is clearly demonstrated by the recent close approach of a 300m wide asteroid . it was discovered only a few days before it passed by the earth and , had it been on a collision course , there is little that could have been done to prevent possibly millions of casualties when an area the size of tasmania would have been devastated .
gehrels , t . , m . guerrieri , m . s . matthews , r . s . mcmillan , m . l . perry , d . l . rabinowitz , and j . v . scotti . 1992 .
spacewatch and spaceguard .
aiaa space programs and technologies conf . ( ny : aiaa ) 92 : 1498 .
play it safe . follow the rules . respect authority . and , above all , don ' t stick out like that silly proverbial nail . that ' s japan ' s recipe for social harmony . student , salaryman , office lady , homemaker — everyone has a role to play in society , so just fit into the mold . . .
along with mext and jaxa , japan’s ministry of defense will be acquiring these facilities . it intends to operate them with dedicated personnel , including assigned units from the air self - defense force . the initial emphasis of their activities will be monitoring debris and other objects in order to safeguard japanese space assets . these activities will also dovetail with scrutinizing potential asat threats .
the international neo research community welcomes this initiative , and wishes to encourage the australian government to take a leading role in this new , exciting and relevant area of scientific research . an open letter , signed by over 90 leading researchers from around the world has been sent to key government officials in australia encouraging support for an australian spaceguard programme . the text of the letter is attached to this release .
( 1 . st . marianna university school of medicine , 2 . japan aerospace exploration agency , 3 . the university of aizu , 4 . hokkaido university , 5 . tokyo metropolitan university , 6 . osaka university , 7 . nagoya university , 8 . waseda university , 9 . national insitute of advanced science and technology , 10 . national institute for environmental study , 11 . kochi unicersity )
rob mcnaught from siding spring in new south wales runs the only professional asteroid tracking project in the southern hemisphere . this operation is funded mostly by the united states and is associated with the australian national university . it was set up in recognition of the need for spaceguard telescopes in the southern hemisphere . gordon garradd , an astronomer from loomberah in new south wales , receives some funds from nasa for critical southern hemisphere follow - up observations using a home - made telescope .
convener : hiroshi nagaoka ( waseda univ . ) , tomokatsu morota ( graduate school of environmental studies , nagoya university ) , masaki n nishino ( institute for space - earth environmental research , nagoya university ) , chikatoshi honda ( the university of aizu ) , chairperson : makoto hareyama ( department of physiology ( physics ) , st . marianna university school of medicine ) , chairperson : makiko ohtake ( department of planetary science , institute of space and astronautical science , japan aerospace exploration agency )
spaceguard is the name given to an international effort to search the skies for asteroids that might collide with the earth . the name was coined by sir arthur c clarke in a 1973 novel that described how mankind set up an asteroid detection and defence network after a large asteroid struck italy and devastated southern europe . since the novel was written the risks and grave consequences of asteroid impacts have been recognised and studied . scientists around the globe are now working to ensure that clarke ' s scenario of a sudden , deadly impact does not occur .
scientific data sets acquired by not only japanese lunar mission selene ( kaguya ) , but also other countries ' missions , have become new standard for lunar science . analyses of these data have been providing several new knowledge and changing some hypotheses into the truth of the moon . in concurrence with these studies , some countries including japan are planning future lunar missions . in this session , we will discuss scientific results based on newly acquired lunar data , strategy for future missions including slim , and theoretical and experimental studies for lunar science .
in 2006 , 14 space agencies ( asi , italy ; cnes , france ; cnsa china ; csa , canada ; csiro , australia ; dlr , germany ; esa , europe ; isro , india ; jaxa , japan ; kari , republic of korea ; nasa , usa ; nsau , ukraine ; roscosmos , russia ; bnsc / uksa , uk ) began a series of discussions on global interests in space exploration . together they took the step of elaborating a vision for peaceful robotic and human space exploration , focusing on destinations within the solar system , and developed a common set of key space exploration themes . this vision was articulated in ‘the global exploration strategy : the framework for coordination , ' hereinafter referred to as the ' framework document ' . a key finding of the framework document is the need to establish a voluntary , non - binding international coordination mechanism through which individual agencies may exchange information regarding interests , objectives and plans in space exploration , with the goal of strengthening both individual exploration programs as well as the collective effort . the coordination mechanism is named the
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there are a number of ways to gauge contemporary trends in the militarization of space . one way is to look at how countries develop and test dual - use space technologies , which gets a lot of policy attention . but another important thing to keep an eye on is how militaries organize institutional infrastructures to affect space - based outcomes in their favor .
the united states military is the most visibly active in these contemporary developments . usstratcom is crystal clear about defending its decisive edge in the space domain , which is not guaranteed . doing so is not simply a matter of preserving hardware and upgrading capabilities . real operational effectiveness also means reducing strategic risk by increasing space surveillance , communications , and information both domestically and internationally . usstratcom is therefore also involved in moves toward an integrated institutional infrastructure to safeguard u . s . space capabilities and advantages .
the u . s . is not alone in these trajectories , however . other powers are also moving toward dedicated military units that seek to preserve space - based advantages and capabilities for their countries’ defense architectures .
china too plans to come out with dedicated space units . its outer space activities and assets have already been brought under the umbrella of a new national security law . its recent reorganization of the pla into a more efficient combat force has drawn attention , especially with personnel cuts and regional consolidation . the resources from this reshuffling may be invested in a space - based layer of defense .
just as in the u . s . , this brings up a multi - domain reality . figuring out how resources in the space domain intersect with cyberspace may turn out to be critical for what china calls “informationalization construction” in its defense architecture . these ongoing reconfigurations will influence the effectiveness of whatever “celestial military” china puts into place for strategic interactions in outer space .
russia has recently consolidated its air and space forces into the new aerospace forces . russia’s threat perceptions have shifted . its moves were prompted by the widespread appreciation that the “center of gravity” in combat has shifted toward the aerospace theater . further changes and integration may turn out to be necessary down the line . for now , the new unified command structure reflects the beliefs of russia ' s military leaders that air and space attacks are likely to be the first stages of any conflict , whether big or small . their thinking is that only such an institutional reconfiguration can assure a prompt and effective response .
given these trends , it will not be a surprise to find other up and coming space powers reconfiguring their institutional military missions . what would be a surprise with all this is if peace were still to prevail in the heavens .
“due to gravity , the sky above the indian ocean is the ‘grave’ where satellites that have completed their missions gather , ” explained noritsugu takahashi , board chairman of the nonprofit organization . “in the case of an approaching old satellite possibly headed for collision with a japanese satellite along the path , we will reposition the japanese satellite . ”
but takahashi’s group was founded in 1996 on a different premise — surveilling the skies to discover threats to earth , such as an asteroid or comet .
while such events are believed to occur only once every 100 million years , should an asteroid or comet hit earth it would have a grave impact on all living beings — including the possible extinction of the human race .
during a recent event for giving children hands - on experience at the center , takahashi , 54 , explained how observations are made using the optical telescope .
“using the computer , we control the ccd camera attached to the telescope and take pictures of the same location at certain time intervals , ” he said . “then , by overlapping the images and analyzing them , we can find things that are moving . ”
trying out the computer software , the children were able to locate objects with relative ease .
when they find satellites or space debris approaching japanese satellites , group members notify jaxa , which takes the appropriate measures to avoid collisions .
“we can also immediately figure out the size and shape ( of the satellite or debris concerned ) from the moving patterns and changes in brightness . our detection knowhow is among the best in the world , ” takahashi said .
space debris includes objects such as satellites in earth orbit that are no longer in use as well as fragments from launched rockets .
“ ( debris ) flies around at a speed of 7 to 8 km per second , ” astronaut soichi noguchi said . “it is possible for ( debris ) to penetrate the body if hit during a spacewalk , and one may lose consciousness if hit in the head . ( astronaut ) training is conducted based on that premise . ”
the international space station , located about 400 km above earth , uses bumpers to protect it from possible collisions with space debris . it can be repositioned to avoid larger debris and has emergency plans for astronauts to escape using the soyuz spacecraft in the event of a catastrophic collision .
right now , the spotlight is on the area that lies in between — an orbit altitude of 700 km to 1 , 000 km that is often used for earth observation satellites . it is the most congested zone , partly because its lower altitude means less costly operations .
debris is increasing rapidly in this zone , which is also where china experimented in 2007 with destroying a weather satellite with a ballistic missile , and where a russian and u . s . satellite collided in 2009 .
“it is predicted that collisions of old satellites and other objects will continue to occur once every four to seven years , ” said satomi kawamoto of jaxa’s aerospace research and development directorate . “this is , so to speak , the self - replication territory for debris . ”
at this altitude , there are an estimated 20 , 000 large pieces of debris measuring at least 10 cm , the size believed capable of triggering catastrophic collisions .
“if about five to 10 pieces of large - scale debris can be removed each year for 10 years , it will make do , ” said kawamoto , who leads research on recovering debris . “we aim to begin around 2020 . ”
the plan he has in mind is to launch a satellite into the same orbit as the targeted debris . it would then gradually approach an object and attach an aluminum wire of about 10 km in length to it . making use of the relationship between the earth’s magnetic fields and the flow of electricity , this will induce the debris to fall to earth .
there have also been other proposed methods for removal , such as russia’s use of spacecraft to round up the junk , and europe’s use of robot satellites to attach engines to the debris .
abe cancels trip to europe and middle east to deal with rain disaster prime minister shinzo abe on monday canceled a trip to europe and the middle east , deciding instead to oversee the government ' s response to the devastation caused by torrential rain in western japa . . .
after deadly flooding , traumatized hiroshima wakes to blue skies , starts getting life back in order hiroshima residents awoke monday morning to sunny skies but a cloudy future following flooding and landslides that left at least 46 people in the prefecture dead . as the scale of the disaster ca . . .
[ pps08 - 10 ] global classification map of lunar absorption spectra and new impression of lunar crust formation .
small solar system bodies , including asteroids , comets , satellites , and inter - planetary dust particles , are interesting and provide lots of information on the origin and evolution of our solar system . they can be remotely sensed by telescopes , be visited by spacecraft and studied at high resolution in a variety of wavelengths from ir to visible , uv , x - rays , and gamma rays , and even with neutrons . in addition , recently spacecraft have been sent to return samples . in this session , all the contributions on the small solar system bodies are welcome . but this year , we especially welcome contributions on recent advances on the study of the asteroids whether obtained by rendezvous spacecraft , sample return , meteorite research or remote sensing .
asteroid day -
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the first lunar - based telescope for a test of neo observations is discussed within a scenario of nasda ' s sequence of lunar missions . there have been no real telescopes on the moon as yet , and therefore we have to step up from a primitive level of telescope to real neo telescopes . the first telescope with an aperture of 30 cm is expected to be launched around 2005 .
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urltoken
astronomy and astrophysics , volume 525 , id . a145 , 6 pp . ( a & a ; homepage )
context . near - earth asteroid 162173 ( 1999 ju3 ) is a potential flyby and rendezvous target for interplanetary missions because of its easy - to - reach orbit . the physical and thermal properties of the asteroid are relevant for establishing the scientific mission goals and also important in the context of near - earth object studies in general .
aims : our goal was to derive key physical parameters such as shape , spin - vector , size , geometric albedo , and surface properties of 162173 ( 1999 ju3 ) .
methods : with three sets of published thermal observations ( ground - based n - band , akari irc , spitzer irs ) , we applied a thermophysical model to derive the radiometric properties of the asteroid . the calculations were performed for the full range of possible shape and spin - vector solutions derived from the available sample of visual lightcurve observations .
results : the near - earth asteroid 162173 ( 1999 ju3 ) has an effective diameter of 0 . 87 ± 0 . 03 km and a geometric albedo of 0 . 070 ± 0 . 006 . the chi
, about a factor of 2 lower than the value for 25143 itokawa . this indicates that the surface lies somewhere between a thick - dust regolith and a rock / boulder / cm - sized , gravel - dominated surface like that of 25143 itokawa . our analysis represents the first time that shape and spin - vector information has been derived from a combined data set of visual lightcurves ( reflected light ) and mid - infrared photometry and spectroscopy ( thermal emission ) .
asteroids , or minor planets , are small and often irregularly shaped celestial bodies . the known majority of them orbit the sun in the so - called main asteroid belt , between the orbits of the planets mars and jupiter . however , due to gravitational perturbations caused by planets as well as non - gravitational perturbations , a continuous migration brings main - belt asteroids closer to sun , thus crossing the orbits of mars , earth , venus and mercury .
] from the sun and hence within 0 . 3 au of the earth ' s orbit . the largest known
) when its orbit comes to within 0 . 05 au ( = 19 . 5 ld [
several astronomical observatories , at one time or another , have carried out near earth object ( neo ) search programs , e . g . :
those observatories as well as many others have been , and / or are also actively participating in follow - up observations .
a review of neo surveys is given by : stephen larson , 2007 , in : a . milani , g . b . valsecchi & d . vokrouhlický ( eds . ) , proceedings iau symposium no . 236 ,
, prague ( czech republic ) 14 - 18 august 2006 ( cambridge : cup ) , p . 323 ,
current neo surveys .
< 1 . 0 ld ; ( c ) milestones of neo / nea research . information on categories
for the period 1900 – 2200 a . d . as of 7 october 2013 , available at <
by listing in chronological order this broad selection of milestones on nea research , an impression is offered of what has been done and what is being done in those fields .
< 1 . 3 au . they approach the orbit of the earth from beyond , but do not cross it . most amors do cross the orbit of mars . it is estimated that 32 % of the total number of neas are amors .
. it is estimated that 62 % of the total number of neas are apollos .
> 0 . 9833 . it is estimated that 6 % of the total number of neas are atens .
ieo asteroids have a < 1 au and q < 0 . 983 au and so never cross earth ' s orbit .
the asteroid belt is the region of the solar system located roughly between the orbits of the planets mars and jupiter . it is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets . the asteroid belt region is also termed the main belt to distinguish it from other concentrations of minor planets within the solar system .
) , which started in 2001 , is dedicated to the discovery and follow - up of near earth objects with a 90 - cm schmidt telescope . between october 2001 and november 2004
measured more than 6 , 1000 asteroid positions and discovered almost 2 , 200 new objects , including six neos and one centaur ( planetoid ) .
- f . bernardi , a . boattini , g . d ' abramo , 2002 , in b . warmbein ( ed . ) , 2002 , proc .
, 29 july - 2 august 2002 , berlin ( germany ) , esa sp - 500 , p . 801 ,
- a . boattini , g . d ' abramo , g . b . valsecchi , et al . , 2007 ,
, with telescopes in argentina , brazil , paraguay and uruguay . a new 46 - cm telescope of the observatorio astronómico los molinos ( uruguay ) is expected to be operational in early 2002 .
- g . tancredi , a . sosa , e . acosta , et al . 2004 , in : w . wamsteker , r . albrecht , h . haubold ( eds . ) ,
( dordrecht : kluwer ) , p . 137 ,
the uruguayan automated and robotic telescope
s . isobe , 2001 , advances in space research , 28 , 1139 ,
short warning time for an nea collision .
see : < urltoken > .
m . marov , h . rickman ( eds . ) , 2001 , collisional processes in the solar system ( dordrecht : kluwer ) . see : < urltoken > .
a . morbidelli , 2001 , in : m . marov , h . rickman ( eds . ) , collisional processes in the solar system ( dordrecht : kluwer ) , p . 289 ,
origin and evolution of near earth asteroids .
see : < urltoken > .
a . w . harris , 2001 , in : m . marov , h . rickman ( eds . ) , collisional processes in the solar system ( dordrecht : kluwer ) , p . 323 ,
near - earth asteroid surveys .
see : < urltoken > .
c . koeberl , 2001 , earth , moon and planets , 85 - 86 , 209 ,
craters on the moon from galileo to wegener : a short history of the impact hypothesis , and implications for the study of terrestrial impact craters .
see : < urltoken > .
a . cellino , 2001 , advances in space research , 28 , 1103 ,
physical properties of near - earth objects : open problems .
see : < urltoken > .
j . spitale , r . greenberg , 2002 , icarus , 149 , 222 ,
numerical evaluation of the general yarkovsky effect : effects on semi - major axis .
see : < urltoken > .
≈ 25 m ) passed earth at a nominal miss distance of 0 . 8 ld . minimum miss distance 0 . 8 ld .
neo - mipa near - earth object hazard mitigation publication analysis , performed for esa - esoc . see : < urltoken > .
) began observations at asiago - cimaekar , a joint venture between the department of astronomy of the university of asiago ( italy ) , the astronomical observatory of padua ( italy ) , and the dlr institute of space sensor technology and planetary exploration , berlin - adlershof ( germany ) . the system uses a 2k x 2k ccd detector and a 0 . 6 m aperture schmidt telescope . 108 asteroids discovered in 2001 – 2002 .
= 1 . 76 yr ) in the
saddle region .
radio contact with
- d . k . yeomans , p . g . antreasian , j . - p . barriot , et al . , 2000 ,
, 413 , 369 ,
once upon an asteroid .
see : <
- j . veverka , b . farquhar , m . robinson , et al . , 2001 ,
- d . w . dunham , r . w . farquhar , j . v . mcadams , et al . ,
, 159 , 433 ,
implementation of the first asteroid landing .
see : <
- c . r . chapman , 2004 , in : m . j . s . belton , et al . ( eds . ) , 2004 ,
( cambridge : cup ) , p . 104 ,
what we know and don ' t know about surfaces of potentially hazardous small bodies .
see : <
c . r . chapman , d . d . durda , r . e . gold , 2001 ,
the comet / asteroid impact hazard : a systems approach .
see : < urltoken > .
a . r . hildebrand , k . a . carroll , d . d . balam , et al . , 2001 , presented at
, 12 - 16 march 2001 , houston ( tx , usa ) , abstract no . 1790 ,
the
) mission : discovery , tracking , and characterization of asteroids , comets , and artificial satellites with a microsatellite .
see : <
a . morbidelli , j . - m . petit , b . gladman , j . chambers , 2001 , meteoritics & planetary science , 36 , 371 ,
a plausible cause of the late heavy bombardment .
see : < urltoken > .
) passed earth at 0 . 05 au ( = 20 . 3 ld ) .
- j . d . giorgini , s . j . ostro , l . a . m . benner , et al . , 2002 , science , 296 , 132 ,
asteroid
d . f . lupishko , t . a . lupishko , 2001 , solar system research , 35 , 227 ,
on the origins of earth - approaching asteroids .
see : < urltoken > .
new evidence indicates that the triassic - jurassic mass extinction 200 myr ago was sudden , consistent with possible impact mechanism . see : < urltoken > .
a team of astronomers studied images that show the trail of a smaller component orbiting a larger component , images made with the 70 - m goldstone radar antenna in california ' s mojave desert . the system is the third binary near - earth asteroid pair revealed by radar , but the first system imaged over a complete orbit of one component around the other . steven j . ostro of nasa ' s jet propulsion laboratory in pasadena ( ca , usa ) , leader of the team that made the discovery :
goldstone was able to track the asteroid for up to eight hours daily for a week . then we made close - up images of each component using the arecibo telescope in puerto rico , which is not as fully steerable but is much more powerful .
- s . j . ostro , j . - l . margot , l . a . m . benner , et al . , 2006 ,
, 199 , 310 ,
on the shapes and spins of “rubble pile” asteroids .
see : <
.
neos show a greater spectral diversity than main - belt asteroids . see : <
international meeting asteroids 2001 : from piazzi to the 3 rd millennium ( asteroids iii ) , palermo ( sicily , italy ) . proceedings : w . f . bottke , a . cellino , p . paolicchi & r . p . binzel ( eds . ) , 2002 , asteroids iii ( tucson : univ . arizona press ) . see : < urltoken > .
g . h . stokes , j . b . evans , s . m . larson , 2001 , in : w . f . bottke , a . cellino , p . paolicchi & r . p . binzel ( eds . ) , 2002 , asteroids iii ( tucson : univ . arizona press ) , p . 45 ,
near - earth asteroid search programs .
see : < urltoken > .
workshop on physical properties of potential earth impactors : know your enemy , erice ( sicily , italy ) . proceedings : w . f . huebner , j . m . greenberg ( eds . ) , 2002 , meteoritics & planetary science , 37 ,
erice workshop summary on physical and chemical properties of potential earth impactors .
see : < urltoken > , < urltoken > .
g . f . gronchi , 2001 , icarus , 152 , 58 ,
proper elements for earth - crossing asteroids .
see : < urltoken > .
( usa ) seen from the ground and space ( by dod satellites ) , tracked from an altitude of 82 km down to 32 km . evaporated object had initial mass
a . boattini , g . d ' abramo , g . forti , r . gal , 2001 ,
j . l . remo , h . j . haubold , 2001 , space policy , 17 , 213 ,
neo scientific and policy developments , 1995–2000 .
see : < urltoken > .
m . c . nolan , e . asphaug , r . greenberg , h . j . melosh , 2001 , icarus , 153 , 1 ,
impacts on asteroids : fragmentation , regolith transport , and disruption .
see : < urltoken > .
g . d ' abramo , a . w . harris , a . boatini , s . c . werner , a . w . harris , g . b . valsecchi , 2001 , icarus , 153 , 214 ,
a simple probabilistic model to estimate the population of near - earth asteroids .
see : < urltoken > .
4 th international conference on space protection of the earth ( spe - 2001 ) , evpatoriya ( ukraine ) .
, nasa johnson space center , houston ( tx , usa ) , organized by ed lu and piet hut . named after the asteroid featuring in the novel
is a think - tank and lobby group set up by apollo 9 astronaut russell l . schweickart to further the earth ' s protection against asteroid strikes .
, 453 , 1164 ,
the burger bar that saved the world .
see : <
. the length of the luminous track reached 107 km , starting at an altitude of 81 km . the initial mass was estimated at 4500 kg .
- k . i . churyumov , r . a . belevtsev , e . v . sobotovich , et al . , 2010 , in : j . a . fernández , et al . ( eds . ) ,
, proc . iau symp . no . 263 , rio de janeiro ( brazil ) 3 - 7 august 2009 ( cambridge : cup ) , p . 244 ,
magnetic microspheric particles from bright bolide of
, exploded above the trans - carpathians mountains on november 17 , 2001 .
see : <
w . f . bottke , d . vokrouhlický , m . brož , d . nesvorný , a . morbidelli , 2001 , science , 294 , 1693 ,
dynamical spreading of asteroid families by the yarkovsky effect .
see : < urltoken > . see also : < urltoken > .
p . michel , w . benz , p . tanga , d . c . richardson , 2001 , science , 294 , 1696 ,
collisions and gravitational re - accumulation : forming asteroid families and satellites .
see : < urltoken > . see also : < urltoken > .
( khimki - 2 , moscow , russian federation ) as a nonprofit - making partnership , with a view to combining the efforts of organizations and experts working in various fields towards the establishment of a planetary defence system . the activities of the
' , which has been approved by the centre’s member organizations . see : <
w . f . bottke , a . cellino , p . paolicchi & r . p . binzel ( eds . ) , 2002 , asteroids iii , proceedings international meeting asteroids 2001 : from piazzi to the 3 rd millennium , palermo ( sicily , italy ) , 11 - 16 june 2001 ( tucson : univ . arizona press ) . see : < urltoken > .
g . h . stokes , j . b . evans , s . m . larson , 2002 , in : w . f . bottke , a . cellino , p . paolicchi & r . p . binzel ( eds . ) , 2002 , asteroids iii , proceedings international meeting asteroids 2001 : from piazzi to the 3 rd millennium , palermo ( sicily , italy ) , 11 - 16 june 2001 ( tucson : univ . arizona press ) , p . 45 ,
near - earth asteroid search programs .
see : < urltoken > , < urltoken > .
s . n . ward , e . asphaug , 2002 , deep - sea research , part ii , 49 , 1073 ,
impact tsunami - eltanin .
see : < urltoken > .
) passed earth at a nominal miss distance of 2 . 2 ld . minimum miss distance 2 . 2 ld .
- m . brozovic , s . j . ostro , l . a . m . benner , et al . , 2009 ,
- k . kitazato , s . abe , m . ishiguro , et al . , october 2012 , american astronomical society , dps meeting # 44 , # 210 . 20 ,
measuring the yorp effect of asteroid
29 january 1900 , 11 december 2021 , 14 february 2060 , 4 february 2071 , 23 december 2112 , and 4 february 2166 .
> 1 km ) neas found . the present number of neas of all sizes is 1743 .
d . morrison , 2002 , astronomy , 30 , no . 2 , p . 46 ,
target earth .
see : < urltoken > .
world ' s asteroid hunters make political plea to save earth . an international group of astronomers appeal to the australian government for an australian
, the klet ' observatory near earth and other unusual objects observation team and telescope ( ƒåeské budƒõjovice , czech republic ) , dedicated to confirmation , follow - up astrometry , and recovery of neos . 1 . 06 - m telescope , 33 ' × 33 ' fov , limiting magnitude
, 48 , 787 ,
klet ' observatory neo follow - up programme .
see : <
, berlin ( b . r . d ) , 29 july – 2 august 2002 , esa sp - 500 ( noordwijk : esa publication division ) , p . 793 ,
– klet ' observatory near - earth and other unusual objects observations team and telescope .
see : <
( czech republic ) , 14 - 18 august 2006 ( cambridge : cup ) , p . 371 ,
neo - related scientific and outreach activities at
s . c . werner , a . w . harris , g . neukum , b . a . ivanov , 2002 , icarus , 156 , 287 ,
the near - earth asteroid size - frequency distribution : a snapshot of the lunar impactor size - frequency distribution .
see : < urltoken > .
j . spitale , r . greenberg , 2002 , icarus , 156 , 211 ,
numerical evaluation of the general yarkovsky effect : effects on eccentricity and longitude of periapse .
see : < urltoken > .
≈ 50 m ) passed earth at a nominal miss distance of 1 . 2 ld ( and moon at 0 . 4 ld ) . minimum miss distance 1 . 2 ld .
. ,
sentry : an automated close approach monitoring system for near - earth objects .
see : <
w . f . bottke , a . morbidelli , r . jedicke , et al . , 2002 , icarus , 156 , 399 ,
debiased orbital and absolute magnitude distribution of the near - earth objects .
see : < urltoken > .
s . n . ward , 2002 , journal of geophysical research ( planets ) , 107 , issue e4 , pp . 7 ,
planetary cratering : a probabilistic approach .
see : < urltoken > .
) operational , based at the british national space center in leicester ( uk ) . see : <
j . n . spitale , 2002 , science , 296 , 77 ,
asteroid hazard mitigation using the yarkovsky effect .
see : < urltoken > .
. fell to earth near neuschwanstein castle , bavaria , at the germany - austria border . the original meteorite burst into several fragments at a height of about 22 kilometers above the ground . the fragments descended on an area of several square kilometers . three fragments were recovered with a total mass of about six kilograms .
european science foundation research networking programme response of the earth system to impact processes ( impact ) , short course on impact stratigraphy , osservatorio geologico do coldigioco ( italy ) . see : < urltoken > .
h . j . melosh , 2002 , science , 296 , 1037 ,
traces of an unusual impact .
see : < urltoken > . see also : < urltoken > , < urltoken > .
p . a . bland , c . r . de souza filho , a . j . t . jull , 2002 , et al . , science , 296 , 1109 ,
a possible tektite strewn field in the argentinian pampa .
see : < urltoken > see also : < urltoken > , < urltoken > .
meeting on asteroids and comets in europe , visnjan ( croatia ) . see : < urltoken > .
j . - l . margot , m . c . nolan , l . a . m . benner , et al . , 2002 , science , 296 , 1445 ,
binary asteroids in the near - earth object population .
see : < urltoken > .
european science foundation research networking programme response of the earth system to impact processes ( impact ) , workshop on impact tectonism , mora ( sweden ) . see : < urltoken > .
j . l . remo , 2002 , acta astronautica , 50 , 737 ,
characterizing the near - earth object hazard and its mitigation .
see : < urltoken > .
v . zappalà , a . cellino , a . , dell ' oro , 2002 , icarus , 157 , 280 ,
a search for the collisional parent bodies of large neas .
see : < urltoken > .
. estimated ~ 10 m object exploded in mid - air between libya and crete . see : <
≈ 80 m ) passed earth at a nominal miss distance of 0 . 3121 ld . minimum miss distance 0 . 3118 ld .
- d . morrison , c . r . chapman , d . steel , r . p . binzel , 2004 , in : m . j . s . belton , et al . ( eds . ) , 2004 ,
( cambridge : cup ) , p . 353 ,
impacts and the public : communicating the nature of impact hazard .
see : <
- b . g . marsden , 2007 , in : p . bobrowsky & h . rickman ( eds . ) , 2007 ,
( berlin : springer ) , p . 505 ,
impact risk communication management ( 1998 – 2004 ) : has it improved ?
see : <
usaf general simon p . worden , 10 july 2002 , speech :
military perspectives on the near - earth object ( neo ) threat .
introduction a few weeks ago the world almost saw a nuclear war . pakistan and india were at full alert and poised for a large - scale war - which both sides appeared ready to escalate into nuclear war . the situation was defused - for now ! most of the world knew about this situation and watched and worried . but few know of an event over the mediterranean in early june of this year that could have had a serious bearing on that outcome . u . s . early warning satellites detected a flash that indicated an energy release comparable to the hiroshima burst . we see about 30 such bursts per year , but this one was one of the largest we ' ve ever seen . the event was caused by the impact of a small asteroid - probably about 5 - 10 meters in diameter on the earth ' s atmosphere . had you been situated on a vessel directly underneath the intensely bright flash would have been followed by a shock wave that would have rattled the entire ship and possibly caused minor damage . the event of this june caused little or no notice as far as we can tell . but had it occurred at the same latitude , but a few hours earlier , the result on human affairs might have been much worse . imagine that the bright flash accompanied by a damaging shock wave had occurred over delhi , india or islamabad , pakistan ? neither of those nations have the sophisticated sensors we do that can determine the difference between a natural neo impact and a nuclear detonation . the resulting panic in the nuclear - armed and hair - trigger militaries there could have been the spark that would have ignited the nuclear horror we ' d avoided for over a half - century . this situation alone should be sufficient to get the world to take notice of the threat of asteroid impact .
. . . see : < urltoken > . comment : d . morrison , 2002 ,
on impact frequency and need for a warning center .
r . schoenberg , b . s . kamber , k . d . collerson , s . moorbath , 2002 , nature , 418 , 403 ,
tungsten isotope evidence from 3 . 8 gyr metamorphosed sediments for early meteorite bombardment of the earth
. see : < urltoken > .


paul hastings llp , formerly known as paul , hastings , janofsky & walker llp , is an international law firm with 21 offices worldwide .

paul hastings serves a diverse client base that includes many of the top financial institutions and fortune 500 companies .

it is one of the largest law firms in the united states , with over $ 1 billion of revenue in 2015 .

paul hastings

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paul hastings ' llp , formerly known as paul , hastings , janofsky & walker llp , is an international law firm with 19 offices across asia , europe , and the u . s . the . . .
lee g . paul , robert p . hastings , and leonard s . janofsky founded the law firm of paul , hastings & janofsky in los angeles on november 1 , 1951 . janofsky , who had graduated from harvard law school in 1934 , focused on employment law , while partners paul focused on litigation and hastings on business law .
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paul hastings represents rbc capital markets , bmo capital markets and deutsche bank securities in $ 1 . 6 billion acquisition of 99 cents only stores
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sources say :
the attorneys at paul hastings are real experts in their areas of practice with a deep knowledge of international and global issues .
paul hastings represents rbc capital markets , j . p . morgan securities and ubs securities llc in $ 375 million bond issuance for triumph group , inc .
paul hastings represents rbc capital markets , ubs securities llc and suntrust robinson humphrey , inc . in financing harbour groups acquisition of cleaver - brooks , inc .
paul hastings represents urbi , desarrollos urbanos , s . a . b . de c . v . in $ 105 million loan from international finance corp .
paul hastings advises initial purchasers on us $ 350 million high yield bond offering by empresas ica , s . a . b . de c . v .
ource / pdfs / top - 5 - summer - tips - - life - as - a - summer - associate - - - paul - hastings . pdf
- - - - ,
paul , hastings partner reflects on 2 milestones ,
los angeles business journal , january 2 , 1989 , p . 14 .
paul hastings is a leading global law firm with a strong presence throughout asia , europe , latin america , and the united states . through a collaborative approach , entrepreneurial spirit , and commitment to client service , the professionals of paul hastings deliver innovative solutions to many of the world’s top financial institutions and fortune 500 companies .
in our video , corporate associate kallyn hunter discusses why she chose paul hastings , the importance of diversity , and what makes the firm a great place to work .
at paul hastings , our purpose is clear – to help our clients and people navigate new paths to growth . with a strong presence throughout asia , europe , latin america and the us , paul hastings is recognized as one of the world’s most innovative global law firms and a great place to work . the firm has been named
paul hastings has been conferred with several industry awards and recognitions . the firm has been ranked 3rd on the american lawyer ' s a - list of the 20 most successful law firms in america . the financial times recently named paul hastings as one of the most innovative law firms in the u . s . in its innovative lawyers 2011 report . paul hastings has grown to become one of only two us firms founded after 1950 to reach the top 15 in the us . the animal legal defense fund awarded paul hastings the 2011 advancement in animal law pro bono achievement award , recognizing the firm ' s pro bono work to advance the interests of animals through the legal system .
why do top law students come to paul hastings ? opportunity . we understand the importance of training our lawyers to be great business advisors , not just outstanding legal advisors .
paul hastings represents ubs securities llc , barclays capital , deutsche bank securities inc . and bmo capital markets in $ 250 million bond offering by shale - inland holdings , llc
some 85 attorneys worked in paul , hastings ' real estate department for clients involved in commercial development , land use regulation , zoning , real estate investing , and environment issues .
attracting and recruiting highly talented law students from top law schools to our summer associate program is a crucial component of paul hastings ' strategy for growth ,
said seth zachary , chairman of paul hastings .
this year we substantially increased our class size to 181 students while not compromising the exceptional quality of the summer associates in our program .
paul hastings provides numerous opportunities for students to connect with our lawyers throughout the year . we sponsor student groups , host panels and events on campus and may also offer informational interviews .
at paul hastings , we are committed to the professional development and career aspirations of our associates . we hire great people and provide them with opportunities to broaden their skills from day one .
with leading lawyers serving our clients throughout asia , europe , latin america , and the u . s . , paul hastings is recognized as one of the world’s most innovative global law firms .
note to search firms : all agencies must sign a paul hastings search firm agreement . our search firm agreements are office specific . candidates submitted by a search firm without an executed search firm agreement with the appropriate office will not be considered an applicant . all applicants must be submitted to a job posting through our online process . resumes sent directly to paul hastings attorneys or the talent acquisition & development department will not be accepted or considered an applicant . if you would like to sign a paul hastings search firm agreement , please send a request to careeropportunities @ paulhastings . com .
also during this time , the firm stepped up its efforts to use the latest in computer technology . to give clients better access to information , paul , hastings ' michael stanko , director of information services in the los angeles office , designed proprietary software called valumaker , which all paul , hastings offices began using . this electronic system provided detailed billing records and project management data online .
new york , ny ( may 17 , 2007 ) - paul , hastings , janofsky & walker llp ( paul hastings ) , a leading international law firm , announced today the arrival of 181 law students to its 2007 summer associate program , the largest summer class in the firm ' s history . the size of the summer class has grown 26 % since last year and a remarkable 65 % since 2005 .
in the 1990s , paul hastings reorganized its practice around five core specialties : real estate , business , employment , litigation , and tax . of these , employment was considered the firm ' s greatest strength . paul hastings ' expertise in this field dated back to the firm ' s beginnings and the reputation developed by founding partner leonard janofsky , who was the first employment lawyer to serve as president of the american bar association .
paul hastings is a leading global law firm with offices in asia , europe , and the united states . we provide innovative legal solutions to financial institutions and fortune 500 companies . please visit urltoken for more information .
associates reckoned prior work experience “can only be a plus” for candidates to demonstrate these kind of attributes , but for many newbies paul hastings is “their first real job . we come from all over the board . ”
the american lawyer named paul hastings its transatlantic ip team of the year at the 2018 transatlantic legal awards . the awards honor the top legal work between the u . s . and the uk and european legal markets .
paul hastings is committed to the success of diverse lawyers now and in the future . through our partnerships with leading centers for diversity research , we are investing in the next generation of women , lgbt , and minority attorneys .
founded in 1951 , paul hastings has grown strategically to anticipate and respond to our clients ' needs in markets across the globe . we have a strong presence throughout asia , europe , latin america , and the u . s .
volunteer spotlight : @ paul _ hastings summer associates volunteering at @ secondharvestfb . if your law firm would like to get involved in our local community , please contact kalina ' s at kalinac @ unitedwayoc . org . # united4oc urltoken
paul , hastings ' business law department dealt with a wide range of corporate legal issues , from mergers , acquisitions , antitrust , government regulations , and bankruptcy to technology licensing , capital formation , franchising , and entertainment industry transactions .
the paul , hastings tax department , its smallest with about 25 attorneys in 1991 , advised clients on complex taxation issues involving international operations , off - shore incorporation , mergers and acquisitions , estate planning , and state and federal taxes .
many other law firms expanded about the same time as paul , hastings . in 1975 , before the boom time , less than 48 american law firms had at least 100 lawyers , but by 1993 over 250 firms had that minimum number .
in what was widely viewed as the post - crisis relaunch of the european commercial mortgage - backed securitization ( cmbs ) market , paul hastings advised deutsche bank london branch , in the first cmbs placed into the market since 2007 . the new
use the search tools below to find a paul hastings lawyer . names are not case sensitive , and you can use either first or last name . you can also search by any of the other criteria or use that criteria to filter results .
anderson , a . donald , et . al . ,
paul , hastings , janofsky & walker ,
in los angeles : realm of possibility , chatsworth , calif . : windsor publications , 1991 , pp . 338 - - 39 .
department profile not yet provided by paul , weiss , rifkind , wharton & garrison llp . please see their firm profile .
paul hastings has a 25 - year history of helping a wide - range of korea - based clients with complex legal challenges ,
said jong han kim , a partner at paul hastings who will serve as korean office chair when the firm opens its ' seoul office .
we are looking forward to providing on the ground legal expertise to our existing clients and are excited by the growth opportunities our korea office presents ,
he added . paul hastings commitment to asia is a long standing part of the firms history . the firm opened offices in tokyo in 1988 , in beijing and hong kong in 2002 and in shanghai in 2003 . investing in asia and developing relationships with asian companies is a central part of the firms growth and success .
paul hastings llp is nationally ranked in 29 practice areas and regionally ranked in 81 practice areas . the u . s . news - best lawyers®
best law firms
rankings are based on a rigorous evaluation process . read how we rank firms .
paul , hastings continued its expansion as the new decade began . by 1991 it included over 400 lawyers from over 12 nations representing about 60 law schools . the firm grew without a single merger or acquisition of another law firm . no more than three attorneys from another firm joined paul , hastings , and most lateral hires came as individuals . the firm ' s partners were relatively young ; only three of the more than 100 partners were over 60 years old . all partners shared equally in making decisions about the firm .
diversity is a fundamental part of the paul hastings history . when the firm was first established , our founding partners correctly believed that diverse talent would give the firm a competitive advantage . over the past 60 years , paul hastings has established itself as one of the world ' s leading law firms and a leader in global diversity . we collaborate with leading diversity organizations , law schools , and clients to fulfill a mission of consistent excellence in legal practice , equality in the workplace , and promotion and advancement for all people .
congratulations to the paul hastings team for being named
finance team of the year
at the lawyer awards 2018 , held in london last night . the team was recognized for their work on the high profile £700m capital raising plan for the co - operative bank .
paul hastings ' summer associate program provides law school students with a wide variety of legal experiences and significant interaction with firm attorneys . each summer associate is paired with an associate -
mentor
who helps with transition and serves as a valuable resource for the summer associate .
paul hastings has a hours policy in place to determine the performance of the employee . the annual target for billable hours is 2000 in the u . s . some of the positives to work at paul hastings are good working environment , associate get real work to do at the most junior level and strong leadership . however , some have pointed out some negative aspects such as poor communication from partners , long hours to work and the firm is seen as more demanding but does not provide many incentives . associates get interesting projects from day one .
who continues to burnish his cv with excellent results ; in february 2017 , he succeeded in blocking three generic manufacturers from going to market with generic versions of sunovion’s blockbuster latuda drug . paul hastings also flexes transactional expertise and has a prominent ip and technology - focused corporate partner in
law360 , new york ( march 1 , 2016 , 2 : 26 pm est ) - - paul hastings llp saw more than $ 1 billion in revenue last year , marking another record year as it saw growth in a number of areas , the firm told law360 on tuesday .
when the chips are down , technology and life sciences innovators immediately pick up the phone to paul hastings ; the firm provides comfort with its reservoir of litigation talent , tenacity and superb track record . pharmaceutical and biotech litigation is the metier of the formidable 90 - strong new york contingent led by
at paul hastings , it’s smart business to build diverse teams rich in talent , experiences , and creativity . we seek students who exemplify the hallmarks of successful paul hastings associates : innovative , strong communication skills , achievement drive , interpersonal savvy , client service excellence and ability to be collaborative team members . students should be committed to work for a dynamic and entrepreneurial law firm on complex legal matters across practices and offices to help our clients overcome challenges and move their business forward . law students with outstanding academic credentials , superior writing skills , law review , journal or moot court membership are preferred .
in 1951 , harvard law grads bob hastings , lee paul and leonard janofsky pooled their ambition to form a new firm in los angeles . they divided the workload three ways : janofsky handled employment law matters , paul dealt with litigation , and hastings managed business law . in 1962 , charles walker joined the trio as a partner , adding his name to the masthead and establishing a tax practice . walker took a brief sojourn from the firm in the 1970s to accept a position in the ford administration as assistant secretary of the treasury for tax policy but soon returned to his tax work at the firm .
hong kong ( march 6 , 2012 ) - paul hastings , a leading global law firm , announced today that it has become the first u . s . law firm to submit preliminary applications to the ministry of justice of korea in relation to the establishment of a foreign legal consultant office in korea .
currently , paul hastings is advising facebook on a number of matters as the company continues to grow and extend its global reach into new service and product areas . one key area of the firm ' s work relates to the burgeoning market of online social commerce and the development of a global virtual currency .
paul hastings ' summer associate program serves is considered important not only for the associates but also for the firm itself . during the program , summer associates in each of the firm ' s u . s . offices have the opportunity to work on several projects with different lawyers in a variety of practice areas . summer associates also observe and assist in trials , hearings , depositions , and negotiations , and participate in client meetings and closings . the summer associate program provides an opportunity to gain a realistic view of what it is like to practice law at paul hastings on a day - to - day basis .
in today’s world of transformative change , our purpose is clear — to help our clients and people navigate new paths to growth . with a strong presence throughout asia , europe , latin america , and the u . s . , paul hastings is recognized as one of the world’s most innovative global law firms .
in the 2000s , paul hastings merged and reorganized to continue its growth overseas . it combined with chinese firm koo and partners in 2002 , gaining offices in hong kong and beijing , and then opened another location in shanghai the following year . after building a presence in paris , brussels , and milan , the firm set its sights on frankfurt through a merger with local firm smeets haas wolff . in the 2010s , paul hastings continued to expand to meet clients demands , opening new offices in houston , seoul , and - most recently - a century city office in 2018 to help clients in the entertainment and media sector .
paul hastings represented credit suisse as global coordinator and credit suisse and citigroup as initial purchasers in the mexico city airport fibra e ' s us $ 1 . 64b initial public offering on the mexican stock exchange and internationally in accordance with rule 144a and regulation s . this offering is the largest ipo from mexico since 2013 .
. on the branded side of the drug industry , they are “extremely aggressive , but they play fair and also have a sense of humour” . there is no denying that paul hastings is also among the top ptab players in the country ; in a perfect example of marrying skillsets , flattmann and dc’s naveen modi recently won four
reminder : watch @ cbsthismorning with host @ brook tomorrow from 8 : 00 - 8 : 30 a . m . est to see a special segment on our # youthresiliencemural ! # mural designed and created w / students from harvey milk hs & mscd in the # eastvillage , and supported by @ paul _ hastings # jointheartolution urltoken
although most partners at paul , hastings continued to rise through the ranks on an eight - year associate track requiring about 50 hours per week , managing partner robert g . lane in the january 2 , 1989 los angeles business journal said that hiring
key lateral partners
from outside the firm had also been an effective management tool .
paul hastings is recognized as one of the elite global law firms , ranking among the top 5 on the american lawyer’s prestigious a - list of the most successful law firms in the u . s . for six consecutive years . the firm has received numerous accolades , including being ranked # 4 in the financial times innovative lawyers report for north america , top 5 for “overall best firm to work for” for four consecutive years by vault , and # 1 on the american lawyer’ s midlevel associate satisfaction survey for the past two years . to learn more about paul hastings , highlights of our recent client successes , and the industries we serve , take a look at our annual review .
london office chair : ronan o’sullivan number of partners : 30 assistant solicitors : 50 other fee - earners : 15 the firm founded in 1951 , paul hastings has grown strategically to anticipate and responds to its clients’ needs in markets across the globe . the firm has a strong presence throughout asia , europe , latin america , and the us .
new show time ! here ' a a sneak peek at a shot from the segment now airing in 30 minutes ! tune in to @ cbsthismorning with @ brook at 7 : 30 a . m . to watch the story on our nyc # youthresiliencemural ! project lead by @ maxfrieder and @ joelartista with the support of @ paul _ hastings urltoken
paul hastings represented the underwriters in the us $ 1b gdr offering by kakao corp . , the operator of leading mobile and online platforms in korea . this marks the largest overseas - listed equity offering by a korean issuer in a decade . the gdrs will be listed on the singapore exchange , while the underlying common shares will be listed on the korea exchange .
paul hastings has long partnered with the acumen fund , a nonprofit that pairs business with philanthropy by investing in start - ups that aspire to solve global social issues related to world poverty . most recently , acumen has connected paul hastings with the learners guild , a public benefit corporation that trains individuals to become professional software developers . the learners guild program provides a rigorous alternative to a traditional four - year university program—which is out of reach for many people for financial or other reasons—preparing each “learner” for a career in web development by the end of the 40 - week session . we are working with the learners guild to establish a financing facility that will sustain its continued operations , including monitoring the loan documentation process and negotiating the agreement .
over the last few decades , paul hastings has grown from a mid - market u . s . firm to an international outfit with strengths in employment , tax , and business law and big name clients in more than 80 countries . with offices in beijing , hong kong , seoul , shanghai , and tokyo , the firm has become especially strong in asian market dealings .
as the century drew to a close , the attorneys of paul , hastings faced many challenges , in the forms of increased competition and a well - informed public . specifically , consumers asked more questions of professionals than in the past , gained information easily from the internet , and could use software for simple legal forms , thus reducing the need for some professional legal services .
in 1986 barton ' s team at paul , hastings was involved in venture capital funding with capital commitments of $ 500 million , and barton noted in the june 15 , 1987 los angeles business journal that ,
i am not aware of any other law firm as active as we in this area ( venture capital ) or that has devoted as much resources to it .
by january 1989 , the end of paul , hastings ' fiscal year , the firm had grown to almost 350 lawyers and had for the first time reached the milestones of 100 partners and $ 100 million in annual revenues . it was los angeles ' fourth largest law firm , exceeded only by gibson , dunn & crutcher , o ' melveny & myers , and latham & watkins .
by 1989 paul , hastings maintained eight offices , including the original in los angeles and others in costa mesa , orange county , established in 1974 ; atlanta ( 1980 ) , washington , d . c . ( 1980 ) ; santa monica , california ( 1983 ) , stamford , connecticut ( 1983 ) , new york city ( 1986 ) , and the newly opened tokyo office .
in 1974 the firm opened a second office in orange county ; locations in atlanta , washington dc , new york , and connecticut followed . during the 1980s , paul hastings ventured into the world of venture capital transactions , working from offices in los angeles , costa mesa , and santa monica . the firm grew over the next few decades organically , rather than merging or acquiring other firms .
the firm ' s employment attorneys often contributed their expert knowledge to state legislatures , congress , courts , the national chamber of commerce , and others . and paul , hastings ' literature pointed out that ,
perhaps as a testament to our particular expertise , we are frequently called upon by many of the nation ' s leading law firms to represent them in connection with their employment law matters .
paul hastings represented j . p . morgan as the sole sponsor and depositary on the secondary listing of hdrs of coach , inc . on the main board of the hong kong stock exchange . the deal is seen as a landmark to make coach the first u . s . public company to list in hong kong and opened the door to other u . s . companies seeking to list their shares .
paul hastings is a big international legal brand with strategic bases in the world ' s economic hubs . once a californian firm , paul hastings ' identity has shifted as it has grown : new york has emerged as the firm ' s largest office and the natural epicenter for its global network . although the cali factor can be felt in some top clients – disney , google , blizzard – several others – goldman sachs , united airlines – signal the firm ' s eastward trajectory . the culture , too , is decidedly un - californian and quite
fast - paced ,
said one la associate .
they have extremely high expectations .
as one associate put it : “you ' re playing with the dodgers ! there ' s a mentality that we have to be the best and do the best . and we need people who can sprint with us . ”
two events in the 1970s influenced law firms like paul , hastings to become more business - oriented and expand their practices in competition against other law firms . first , in 1975 the u . s . supreme court decided in the case goldfarb v . virginia bar association that most attempts by professional societies to restrict advertising violated antitrust laws . thus lawyers , doctors , and other professionals began or increased their advertising , just like other businesses .
after a two - week orientation that ' s “a bit repetitive , ” first - years will go to the ( almost unpronounceable ? ) ' phthrive ' , “a three - day workshop in chicago for all first - years to meet each other and get the basic skills ; interfacing with clients , firm policies , and also sessions on group - specific training . ” anyone who ' s trained at paul hastings will know the firm plays on its ph acronym with gusto –
we have a lot of quirky names ! ” the overall training program gets the catchy acronym ph dna ( paul hastings developing new associates ) . many agreed that the best thing about these initial sessions is making new ' phriends ' : “while the training programs are slightly helpful , the main purpose is to meet everyone and do some inter - firm networking . that part i did really appreciate . ”
paul , hastings ' attorneys helped the national association of manufacturers ( nam ) win a pro bono lawsuit in the u . s . district court for the district of columbia against the u . s . department of labor . the department had tried to tighten rules concerning temporary employment of foreign skilled workers , a nationwide controversy in which many high - tech firms argued they needed more skilled immigrants because they could not find enough american programmers and engineers .
the big apple base is paul hastings ' largest office , followed by la and washington , dc . the firm ' s other offices also take juniors in varying numbers : atlanta , chicago , orange county , palo alto , san francisco , san diego and houston . as one associate put it : “it ' s hard to describe the culture of the whole firm at all . the culture differs office to office , department to department , floor to floor . ”
paul hastings represented goldman sachs and citigroup as arrangers in the financing for the recommended public - to - private acquisition by advent international of laird plc for approximately £1b . ai ladder limited ( bidco ) , a wholly - owned indirect subsidiary of funds managed by advent international corporation , and u . k . electronics and technology business laird reached agreement on the terms of a recommended cash acquisition of the entire issued and to be issued ordinary share capital of laird by bidco .
we understand that the true power of diversity is only realized in an environment where everyone feels able to share their differences and achieve their potential . at paul hastings , our inclusive work environment enables our people to be themselves and bring their diverse perspectives to the table . we recognize diversity as an opportunity to leverage the power of differences . cultivating a talented workforce reflective of the diverse global communities we serve enables us to better understand the needs of our clients and deliver exceptional value .
paul hastings ' policy is to provide equal employment opportunity for all applicants and employees . the firm does not unlawfully discriminate on the basis of race , color , ethnicity , religion , creed , sex ( including pregnancy , childbirth or related medical conditions ) , national origin , immigration status , ancestry , age , marital status , protected veteran status , military service , disability , medical condition , genetic information , sexual orientation , gender identity , or any basis prohibited under federal , state or local law .
paul hastings has a dedicated korea practice with over 25 years of experience advising both korean and international clients in cross - border korean transactions and litigation and has been involved in some of the most innovative and high - profile transactions and litigation . following the office opening , korea practice head jong han kim and partner daniel kim , who are both currently based in hong kong , will relocate to seoul . the firm plans to have 15 - 20 attorneys in the seoul office within the next few years .
our paul hastings affinity networks ( phans ) are open to all people at the firm , regardless of their background and include both attorneys and professional staff . these groups , which are led by associates with guidance from one or more partner advisors , work on programs that align with our firm strategy . the groups specifically serve as a resource for mentoring , networking , and professional development , help raise awareness of different backgrounds and cultures across the firm , and help identifying programs to increase diversity at the firm .
the firm ' s go - getting attitude shows in the chambers usa rankings it hauls in by the dozen . in chicago , texas and georgia , paul hastings is recognized mainly for its corporate , finance and real estate work . in dc , california and new york , a much more diverse array of practices win applause : ip ; antitrust ; media & entertainment ; latin american investment ; and environment to name a few . nationwide and globally , the firm receives acclaim for its labor & employment practice .
the firm started its tokyo office in 1988 . it was founded by kaoruhiko suzuki , a japanese citizen who came to the united states as a high school exchange student and later received an a . b . from harvard college . after receiving a j . d . from harvard law school , suzuki joined paul , hastings as an associate and then in 1984 became a partner . the firm ' s toyko office was one of 20 in japan in 1989 and was one of the first to hire a japanese national .
in the 1990s paul , hastings closed its santa monica office and opened two new offices . in february 1997 it started its san francisco office by attracting key attorneys from other firms . the new office emphasized commercial litigation , especially in securities and high - tech issues . later that year , the firm opened another international office - - in london ' s international financial center on old broad street . this office focused on international business concerns , such as those involved when american firms start up european subsidiaries and vise versa .
what else are recruiters on the hunt for ? “i ' m looking for the kind of traits that show inquisitiveness , ” one junior told us . one way to illustrate a curious mind can be “doing your homework and arriving ready to ask specific questions about the firm , ” which has the added benefit of allowing you to interview paul hastings . as we ' re so often told by recruiters , fit is important . one key thing the firm looks for is what it calls ' achievement drive ' , reflecting its entrepreneurial culture .
, a young lawyer who is taking on the world . “it is hard to make partner at paul weiss , but jennifer did so very quickly . she is incredibly smart and doing a fantastic job in the biologics space . ” the group’s style – also showcased by
our summer program serves as a cornerstone for the recruitment of outstanding associates and the future success of our firm . we are fully committed to the professional development and advancement of each summer associate . summer associates are given substantive and challenging work with a variety of lawyers and a realistic view of practicing law at paul hastings . our summer associates observe and , when possible , assist in trials , hearings , depositions and negotiations , and participate in client meetings and closings . summer associates can also expect exceptional training and development in a collaborative work environment .
paul hastings recruits the best and brightest talent from the world’s leading law schools and law firms to ensure our future diversity . we benchmark ourselves not only against our peer law firms but against corporate clients to ensure our programs are progressive and our numbers are increasing . our diversity team works closely with our phans to ensure members are engaged , our programs are beneficial and to have open and honest dialogues . from large diversity recruiting events to individualized networking and referrals , we recognize the importance of obtaining the finest lawyers available to provide our clients with unmatched legal service .
candidates need to be able to “express an interest in why they want to be in this particular department in biglaw in general” and demonstrate that they’re “good with time management and working long hours . ” however , equally important is the personality match . associates involved in hiring told us that they’re looking for “someone i ' d want to be working with late at night , someone you want to be in the trenches with . ” the paul hastings personality type “tends to be somewhat extroverted , wanting to socialize , wanting to go to happy hours – though that ' s definitely not universal ! ”
at paul hastings , our purpose is clear—to help our clients and people navigate new paths to growth . with a strong presence in 21 offices throughout asia , europe , latin america , and the u . s . , we are recognized as one of the world’s most innovative global law firms . we understand the imperative for innovation , efficiency , and breakthrough performance facing today’s leading companies—and what it takes to help them succeed . from practice achievements and press accolades , to diversity recognition , our global awards and rankings reflect our dedication to both superior client service and the development of our 2 , 500 professionals .