rand water previously known as the rand water board is a south african water utility that supplies potable water to the gauteng province and other areas of the country and is the largest water utility in africa .

the water is drawn from numerous sources and is purified and supplied to industry , mining and local municipalities and is also involved in sanitation of waste water .

rand water

merger of ingersoll - sergeant drill company and rand drill company to form ingersoll - rand company .
on 8 may 1903 the rand water board was officially established by the rand water board incorporation ordinance no . 32 of may 1903 to supply water to the entire area .
johannesburg - the water supply system in gauteng continues to run low and rand water has cautioned residents to use water sparingly .
stay on top of the latest rand research highlights , news , and commentary with the official rand email newsletter .
rand water implemented an e - tendering solution suite . the suite will result in
initially rand water used groundwater from the zuurbekom wells on the west rand . this water was of such good quality that it didn’t require any cleaning ( purification ) .
persistent high temperatures in rand water’s area of supply continue to strain its bulk water supply system .
in fact rand water’s major challenge to date has been to augment its water sources to meet the growing demand .
the judge erroneously said that this value was in accordance with rand water’s own expert evidence .
residents of emfuleni local municipality are facing water shortages after the municipality failed to settle a r400 million water bill owed to rand water . the . . .
persistent high temperatures in rand water’s area of supply continue to strain its bulk water supply system in gauteng . photo : urltoken / jill
against that background the key issue is whether rand water acted lawfully in laying the two pipelines in the first place . as counsel for rand water expressed the matter , once the pipelines were lawfully upon the property
rand has a long history of conducting research on policy and planning challenges related to water and global climate change . rand ' s growing body of work focuses on the following topics :
by 1906 the annual daily consumption of water supplied by rand water was about 11 ml / d and it has been growing ever since .
shira efron is a policy researcher at the rand corporation , a special advisor on israel with rand ' s center for middle east public policy , and a professor at the pardee rand graduate school . she is leading rand ' s new israel program and researches issues related to israel , the middle east , …
take a journey into ingersoll rand history by selecting a year in our timeline .
to provide information to agencies and efforts focused on food , water , and energy resources , the rand corporation developed the pardee rand food - energy - water security index . this report serves as the technical documentation for the index .
the rand water foundation recognises the significance of playing a role in fostering an enabling environment for the creation and growth of small enterprises . promotion of entrepreneurship and small business remains a priority to rand water foundation . with a guiding principle of sustainability , the foundation’s goal is to ensure that emerging entrepreneurs benefit from rand water’s numerous socio economic development initiatives .
in 1904 rand water was required to take over the undertakings of the companies at that time supplying or potentially capable of supplying water to the witwatersrand .
the emfuleni local municipality and rand water have reached a payment agreement that will ensure the continued supply of bulk water to residents . the . . .
pardee rand benefits from its applied policy research setting and focus on innovative analytic methods .
the rand water foundation is calling for non - governmental organizations ( ngos ) to make applications for funding . the foundation was establish to undertake rand water ' s corporate social investment programme . the closing date for the applications is : friday ,
the drinking water provider to gauteng , rand water , has to purify the water it sources from the vaal dam . everyone else – from farmers to people downstream who don’t have purification facilities – has to use polluted water .
the rand water conducted an investigation on pipeline starts at the molopo eye the intake structure and augments concerning the supply of drinking water to the water treatment plant ( wtp ) at mmabatho under gravity .
rand water spokesperson justice mohale said high temperatures would affect the city of johannesburg , city of tshwane and the ekurhuleni metropolitan municipality .
of the act . there was no dispute that this section empowered rand water to lay both pipelines . there could hardly be any dispute over that in the face of its wording , which specifically said that rand water was entitled to ‘lay or carry through , over , on or across any land’ pipes for the supply of water . big cedar’s attack on the lawfulness of rand water’s conduct in laying the pipes necessarily lay elsewhere .
rand water supported the dbsa in implementing the pan african capacity building program for the officials attending a masters in public infrastructure management programme .
a more emphatic disavowal of any intention to challenge the lawfulness of rand water’s conduct in laying the pipelines would be hard to find .
rand water is an organ of state , reporting to the department of water & environmental affairs ( formerly department of water and forestry ) . throughout its long history , rand water has remained financially self - sustaining . its financials are affirmed by standard & poor’s rating of its long - term local currency , corporate credit rating as a + and its
johannesburg – gauteng’s water supply is secure but water management authorities are worried about the current water challenges facing the country .
a . g value of 600 per second with a camp number ( gt value ) of 18 000 is ideal in rand water’s system .
water for urban and industrial use in the area south of the magaliesberg should continue to be supplied predominantly from the vaal river system via rand water . water for irrigation and rural users should be supplied from local sources .
( i ) that , before entering upon property for the purpose of laying a pipeline , rand water was obliged to give the owner of the property at least seven clear days’ notice of its intentions . it submitted that the evidence showed that no such notice had been given and therefore that the actions of rand water had from the outset been unlawful . accordingly , so the argument ran , rand water could not rely on s 24
there are curious features of that judgment . in para 38 the judge correctly held that the powers granted to rand water in terms of s 24
researchers interested in the sources we consulted and how we created the pardee - rand food - energy - water index can download our technical documentation .
water that has had all its minerals removed by the processes of reverse osmosis and distillation , is called demineralised water . this water , also called distilled water , is the only absolutely pure form of water .
rand water , which monitors water quality on behalf of water affairs , also avoided answering questions this week . the results of its research are given to local water forums . in most cases the levels in the dam exceed safe levels as prescribed by the world health organisation .
great courses are only part of a pardee rand education . students also conduct project - based policy research .
pardee rand students , alumni , and faculty publish blogs and research , speak at events , and more .
rand water was originally constituted under the rand water board incorporation ordinance , 32 of 1903 ( transvaal ) . that statute was from time to time amended by subsequent ordinances and , from 1914 , statutes of the national parliament . these were consolidated in the rand water board statutes ( private ) act 17 of 1950 ( the act ) . the powers of the board were set out in s 24 of the act and where relevant read as follows :
the rand water board was to include members of the johannesburg town council , the chamber of mines , and other existing local authorities in the witwatersrand .
the trial court awarded attorney and client costs against rand water . that order will obviously be overturned in the light of the outcome of the appeal . but it is appropriate to say that the strictures expressed by the trial judge in regard to rand water’s conduct , and his finding that its reliance on s 24
rand water uses hydrated lime for coagulation and flocculation , and activated sodium silicate and ferric chloride as an aid to flocculation . the average doses rates for :
the emfuleni municipality’s failure to honour its payment arrangement with rand water has left residents high and dry amid a heatwave in gauteng . sowetan live . . .
water was said to be so expensive then that people opted to cook their food in soda water as it was cheaper than water .
as the original policy ph . d . program , pardee rand graduate school is unique in american higher education .
pardee rand ' s mission is to train future leaders . learn what ' s involved and how to apply .
rand water is a water services provider that purifies 3600 megalitres of water per day and distributes clean drinking water , free of harmful microorganisms and chemical contaminants , to 58 reservoirs , via 3000 km of pipelines , to 19 water services authorities . it services 11 million people in gauteng and parts of mpumalanga , north west and free state provinces .
rand has implemented and evaluated community resilience - building activities worldwide . wcrc focuses on areas where water risks — such as flooding or drought — pose particular problems .
scarcity of food , energy , and water endangers the lives of millions . so rand created a tool with the potential to help make aid initiatives more effective .
the quality of drinking water supplied by rand water to water services authorities in gauteng and parts of adjoining provinces is monitored during the purification process and distribution system on a regular basis . the water complies with the requirements of the south african national standard for drinking water ( sans 241 ) and the world health organisation ( who ) guidelines . it is safe to drink water straight from the tap . let’s explore the story behind tap water .
rand evaluated potential effects of uncertain projections of demand and climate change on the ability of the jinan municipal water resources bureau to meet its long - term water resources goals for shandong province ' s capital city .
the rand corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure , healthier and more prosperous . rand is nonprofit , nonpartisan , and committed to the public interest .
this is water that has been taken from a river or dam , cleaned at a purification station , such as rand water’s , and then supplied via pipelines to taps . during the purification process water is cleaned of all impurities and disinfected before being delivered to the tap . generally , the mineral content of tap water is between spring water and groundwater .
although the pipelines were in existence at the time big cedar acquired the property the evidence is that it was unaware of them . on 4 march 2004 attorneys acting for rand water wrote to big cedar informing them of the existence of the pipelines and suggesting that a servitude be passed over the property in accordance with rand water’s standard terms and conditions . all endeavours thereafter to register a servitude foundered on the inability of the parties to agree on the amount of any compensation payable by rand water to big cedar .
the amount of water available for use remains the same , and despite plans to increase storage capacity through the building of new dams or water transfer schemes , predictions are that the demand for water will outstrip supply by 2025 . the only answer to this dilemma lies in changing people ' s attitude and thus their behaviour to use water more wisely , and in this regard rand water’s “water wise” campaign is visionary .
rand water abstracts its raw water from the vaal dam via a canal and a gravity pipeline , and by pumping from the vaal river barrage reservoir at lethabo , zuikerbosch and vereeniging . a small quantity of water is also abstracted from underground sources at zuurbekom . it must now undergo the purification process required to ensure that the water meets the stringent standards set for drinkable water .
water wise
is rand water ' s environmental brand . it is a campaign aimed at increasing awareness of the need to value water and to use it wisely . south africa is a water stressed country , and the water resources are under tremendous pressure from a growing population , ongoing development , pollution , wetland destruction , alien invasive plants and the effects of global warming .
all countries are affected by the possibility of water scarcity . leaders must prioritise water to ensure more people have access to safe water wateraid southern africa says .
the department of water ' s waging a ' war on water leaks ' , by training 15 , 000 youths as plumbers , electricians and water monitors .
coagulation in rand water’s system is the process which destabilises the particles when the coagulants ( slaked lime and sodium silica ) are mixed with the raw water in about 20 to 30 seconds . this is the first process in removing suspended particles .
wetlands are nature’s way of cleaning water as well as damming water ( they hold back water in summer and release it in winter ) . destruction of wetlands :
the water & sanitation africa newsletter offers key industry news on the preservation , treatment and provision of water .
rand water uses horizontal flow tanks with retention times of 4 hours and produces water with a turbidity of 5 ntu at the outlet weirs which is considered acceptable for filtration . depending on the turbidity of the incoming raw water , between 95 % and 97 % of the suspended particles are removed during sedimentation .
when capacity at the vaal dam falls to 25 percent , rand water will have to use supplies from other reserve dams such as sterkfontein , said trevor balzer , a deputy director - general of strategic projects at the department of water and sanitation . further water restrictions may still be introduced , he said .
johannesburg water has tweeted a picture showing water pouring from a burst pipe but the pipe has apparently been repaired .
on 28 october 2009 big cedar launched an action against rand water advancing two claims . counsel described the first claim as a vindicatory claim . big cedar’s contention was that the pipelines were constructed , installed and were being used by rand water without the consent or permission of big cedar and without any servitude or other limited right being registered and / or endorsed in the deed of transfer of the property . the pleadings go on to allege that rand water refused to remove the pipelines and thereby prevented big cedar from having the unhindered enjoyment of its property . on that basis an order was sought that rand water remove the pipelines , alternatively that it register a servitude in respect of that portion of the plaintiff’s property , or take transfer of that land against payment of the amount of r6 . 6 million .
recognition of the distinction between the outcome of the exercise of the statutory power and the registration of a servitude explains why the allegation that rand water was acting without a registered servitude or a real right to construct the pipeline was misconceived . accepting , as counsel for rand water was prepared to do , that rand water was entitled to exercise a power of expropriation in order to secure servitutal rights in relation to the pipeline , there was nothing in the act that required it to do so before constructing the pipeline . its statutory right was different from any right that it would acquire from a registered servitude .
when the water from the zuurbekom wells could no longer supply enough water for the growing population of the witwatersrand , the vaal river to the south of johannesburg was chosen as a new water source . in 1923 rand water dammed the vaal river to form the vaal river barrage reservoir . in 1938 the vaal dam was built upstream of the vaal river barrage reservoir , which is now the main source of water for rand water . rivers such as the vaal , klip and wilge rivers naturally flow into the vaal dam . these rivers flow through agricultural land and rural settlements with very little industry . this means that the water in the vaal dam is of a good quality by international standards . the vaal river system
the water and climate resilience center ( wcrc ) newsletter highlights rand research on how we can better plan , build , and organize our societal systems to become more resilient to the unavoidable impacts of climate change .
is the largest public policy ph . d . program in the nation and the only program based at an independent public policy research organization—the rand corporation .
an infrastructure bill is on the agenda for congress , but what problems would it fix ? in this rand congressional briefing , debra knopman discusses policies that promote and deter investment and maintenance of water and transportation infrastructure .
with a history dating back to 1871 , ingersoll rand and its family of brands represent a proven history in construction and mining , industrial and commercial markets .
shortly after h29 had been laid on the property , the water services act 108 of 1977 repealed the act with effect from 31 december 1977 . it contained provisions directed at the transition of various water boards , including rand water , from the former statutory regime to the new regime under the water services act . they were to continue to exist and were deemed to be water boards constituted under the water services act . the key provisions were contained in s 84 ( 4 ) and ( 6 ) of the latter act reading as follows :
rand water went on to plead that it was therefore entitled to keep , repair and maintain the pipelines and to enter upon big cedar’s property for such purposes . in response to the allegation that it lacked a servitude in order to do this , rand water pleaded that no such servitude was required to enable it to exercise its rights and obligations in terms of its primary objective . it dealt with the repeal of the act by relying upon ss 84 ( 2 ) and ( 4 ) of the water services act .
we emphasise firstly that this is not the issue whether the rand water board acted lawfully in 1971 and 1972 , and again in 1997 . this case is concerned with the question whether today , despite the advent of a new constitutional dispensation , and despite developments in the governing legislation , rand water currently enjoys an ongoing statutory authorisation which justifies it to have these two underground pipelines through the land of another person without a servitude in respect of them . ’
the 2010 minutes of the blesbokspruit water forum , in the vaal dam’s catchment area , come with quarterly water quality status bulletins for the whole area . recorded by rand water , almost every reading along the dam and in its two subsidiary rivers indicates dangerously elevated levels of ammonia , chloride , nitrate , phosphate , sulphate , e . coli and other pollutants .
in 1971 or 1972 the appellant , the rand water board ( rand water ) laid the h16 underground pipeline over various properties including the remaining extent of portion 1 of the farm klipfontein no 268jr . in 1997 it laid a further underground pipeline , the h29 pipeline , across the same property . the position of the two pipelines on that property appears from a survey diagram sg10602 / 1998 approved by the surveyor general . at the time the two pipelines were laid
water as a scarce resource in the witwatersrand , as well as a need to supply a growing population , prompted the water board to impose some water restrictions as well as look for other sources of water . major schemes were developed to respond to the demand .
it follows that rand water acted lawfully in installing the two pipelines . further consideration of the appeal must therefore proceed on that basis . i can however be brief as counsel for big cedar conceded that his case had to stand or fall by the lawfulness of rand water’s conduct in laying the pipelines in the first place . he accepted that if that was lawful it was a necessary implication of the entitlement to lay the pipelines that there was also a right for them to remain in place or , as mr du plessis sc for rand water put it , an obligation on the original owner and all subsequent owners to tolerate their presence . that conclusion is supported by the judgment of bisset cj in
a geologist by the name of dr draper , was commissioned by the commission to assist . after some search on the farm zuurbekom , dr draper found what everybody was looking for . he tied his handkerchief to the branch of a thorn bush and arriving back in johannesburg , told the water works commission “go to zuurbekom , you will find my handkerchief tied to a tree , sink a borehole there and you will find water , plenty of it . ” in 1896 and 1897 the water works commission secured a stable supply of water from the zuurbekom water supply companies wells . in 1903 the water works commission established rand water in order to ensure that the witwatersrand received enough clean , safe drinking water .
in rand water’s systems is the process which destabilizes the particles during flash mixing periods in about 20 – 30 seconds . this is the first process in removing the suspended matter and involves adding sodium silicate and slaked lime to the water . the rapid mixing is very important as it achieves instantaneous and complete homogenization of the coagulant with the specific volume of raw water being dosed .
old mines south of the dam have been allowed to continue polluting the wilge river , which brings water from lesotho to the vaal . these are linked to several large bird and fish die - offs . new gold and coal mines have been given prospecting licences by the mineral resources department along the dam’s eastern shore . the mines south of heidelberg are going ahead despite opposition from rand water and water affairs about being in a critical water catchment .
of the act from time to time to repair and maintain the pipelines and their appurtenances . it is unnecessary to resolve this because rand water has , in any event , the right to do that in terms of s 80 ( 1 )
south africa has to pay r150 million annually to lesotho , whether the water is used or not , to augment the vaal dam water .
“you have clean water coming from lesotho [ through the highlands water scheme ] into the vaal dam , and then you pollute it so much that it has to be heavily treated to become drinking water again . ”
water resource agencies around the world are grappling with how to make smart investments to ensure long - term water reliability at a time of unprecedented water stress , growing demands , uncertain climate change , and limited budgets .
what water the wastewater plant does release through the old pipeline – when it does not overflow – goes into the vaal dam 400m away from the inlet pipe for rand water . this supplies drinking water to 10 - million people in gauteng . its last annual report noted that “a number of water quality issues have been identified with regard to the current quality of the vaal river system” . these include an increase in salinity , sulphates , microbiological pollutants and dissolved solids .
exercised its pipe - laying powers in terms of section 24 ( j ) of the rand water board statutes ( private ) act 17 of 1950 … after the required notice had been given to the owners of the property at the relevant times . ’
johannesburg water has confirmed that an earthy compound called geosmin has been detected in the drinking water supplied to residents of the city of . . .
drawing upon decades of experience , rand provides research services , systematic analysis , and innovative thinking to a global clientele that includes government agencies , foundations , and private - sector firms .
‘lunacy’ “it’s lunacy , ” says johannesburg water rights activist paul fairall , who has been agitating around water for many decades . “we’re poisoning our drinking and farming water because nobody cares enough to stop our municipalities and companies .
the water resources that naturally occur in the crocodile catchment have been fully developed and utilised . supplies to northern johannesburg , midrand , tshwane and environs , are transferred in from the vaal river via the rand water distribution network . this represents over 45 % of the total water use in the crocodile catchment , and results in large volumes of return flow ( primarily effluent discharges ) from what was originally vaal river water , being discharged into the crocodile river and its tributaries . this , in turn , constitutes an important source of water for users downstream .
rand water will pump about 3 900 kilolitres a day to municipalities , which in turn distribute to consumers , instead of the usual 4 500 kilolitres , chairwoman matshidiso hashatse told reporters in johannesburg on tuesday . customers must reduce usage or face cuts , she said .
water is a combination of oxygen and hydrogen ( h 2 o ) , but as you get different types of dogs and different types of cooldrinks , you also get different types of water . the difference between the types of water depends on the substances that are dissolved or suspended in the water .
tshwane was forced to implement temporary water restrictions after parts of the city started experiencing water shortages due to the high demand caused by the heat wave .
a water resources study entitled “development of a reconciliation strategy for the crocodile west water supply system” was completed in 2009 . the broad strategy for the management of water resources with respect to the crocodile river system is summarised below :
flocculation is the clumping together of the suspended matter destabilized by coagulation to form heavier visible particles called flock . the flock remains in suspension as the water flows at high velocity through either spiral flocculates or baffled channel conditioning bays . in rand water’s systems , orthogenetic flocculation predominates resulting from the fluid motion at higher velocity gradients and larger particle size .
ingersoll rand is a diverse and inclusive environment . we are an equal opportunity employer and are dedicated to hiring qualified protected veterans and individuals with disabilities | privacy policy | terms of use | sitemap
the growing water requirements in the lephalale area in the mokolo river catchment to the north and north - east of the crocodile river catchment exceed the available water from the mokolo river system . studies are currently being undertaken by the department of water and sanitation to investigate possible transfer of surplus water in the crocodile river system to the lephalale area ( mokolo - crocodile water augmentation project ) .
as early as 1954 , the natural resources development council proposed the idea that water might be obtained from lesotho to augment the water of the vaal river .
california has implemented numerous policy changes to cope with a record - breaking , four - year drought . in this events @ rand podcast , a panel of experts discuss what government agencies can do to better manage water resources , what methods are most effective at encouraging citizens to use water wisely , and how leaders can better plan for future climate crises .
later it was realised that more water was needed for the processing of ore .
the water affairs department’s policy on this is dubbed “fixing pollution with dilution” . when the water becomes too polluted , more water is allowed to flow through the vaal . this is despite south africa being the 30th driest country in the world .
the greater mafikeng / mmabatho area is supplied by the following water sources ; setumo dam and the mafikeng water treatment works ( grootfontein eye & molopo eye . )
flocculation is the clumping together of the suspended particles , which were destabilised by coagulation , to form heavier visible particles called floc . the floc remains in suspension as the water flows at high velocity through either spiral flocculators or baffled channel conditioning bays . in rand water’s system , orthokinetic flocculation predominates resulting from the fluid motion at higher velocity gradients and larger particle sizes .
through acquisitions , innovations and customer focus , today ' s ingersoll rand offers market - leading solutions and services that enable customers to create progress through a variety of industries and markets that touch everyday life .
the vaal dam was built in the early thirties and was completed in 1938 . the dam was built as a joint project between rand water and the then department of irrigation . at present gauteng gets its water from the vaal dam . the vaal dam has a catchment area covering 38 505 square kilometres and a capacity to hold 2575 million cubic metres of water which , under normal circumstances and without a substantial inflow , will last for 2 years .
all raw water contains suspended particles which need to be removed . the water from the vaal dam contains highly dispersed particles which , because they are colloidal , tend to remain suspended for a long period . this colloidal property , with minute diameters varying from 0 to 100 nanometers , is more significant in this first stage of rand water’s purification than the quantity of suspended matter as , under normal circumstances , it can remain suspended for two or more years .
rand ' s wcrc conducts policy research and develops innovative tools to support decisionmakers at all levels of government , as well as diverse stakeholders from the private and philanthropic sectors , as they confront challenges presented by climate change . rand is uniquely suited to bring together cross - disciplinary research teams to identify emerging water and climate resilience challenges , apply state - of - the - art methods to tackle problems from multiple perspectives and address uncertainty that is often ignored , and recommend solutions that are effective and enduring .
of the act ‘was far from the truth’ , because it knew that there was no formal servitude over the property , was entirely unjustified . so was his attack on rand water’s bona fides . such findings are never to be made lightly and they should not have been made in this case .
the conclusion that rand water acted lawfully put paid to the claim for removal of the pipelines and also disposed of the cross - appeal . i need only note therefore that i am by no means satisfied that counsel was correct in describing the basis for the claim for removal of the pipes as a
the effect of s 84 ( 6 ) is that , if laying the two pipelines , h16 and h29 was lawful when that was done , then it remained lawful after the water services act came into operation , provided that this was something that could be done in terms of the later act . there can be no doubt that rand water still had the power to lay pipelines pursuant to its obligation to supply water services to water services institutions in terms of s 29 of the water services act . while the procedures for exercising that power may now be different , and may require it to expropriate servitutal rights over the affected property in terms of s 81 of the water services act , that does not alter the fact that rand water is entitled to do under the water services act what it was entitled to do in 1971 and 1997 under the act . section 84 ( 6 ) serves to preserve the validity of anything done under the repealed legislation that ‘is capable of being done’ under the present legislation . in this case what was done under the act was that two pipelines were laid and that is something that can unquestionably be done under the current statute . the fact that the manner in which it must now be done has changed does not affect the position . provided rand water’s original actions were lawful their validity is preserved by s 84 ( 6 ) . that is reinforced by s 79 ( 1 ) of the water services act , which protects its ownership of the two pipelines .
in 1886 when gold was discovered in the witwatersrand scarcity of water was a problem .
enhanced eutrophication may result due to the water spending a longer time in the dam .
biological and chemical challenges rand water says in its quarterly report released in april this year that the most significant “water quality challenges” are biological ( from faecal matter ) and chemical ( from gold mining and industrial pollutants ) . it says that the majority of municipalities around the dam are in contravention of the national water act because they are releasing unsafe levels of ammonia and e . coli . the co - operative governance department and municipality did not respond to questions about these contraventions .
south africa has , in general , a limited supply of water and the quality of this water is being threatened by pollution and the destruction of river catchments . water is a vital resource and it is up to all south africans to act responsibly in their daily lives and look after the available water resources to ensure that this limited supply is usable by all life on earth . it is very important that everyone becomes “water wise” .
ingersoll rand creates the ecowise™ portfolio of products for its climate and industrial refrigerant - bearing products that are designed to lower environmental impact with next generation , low global warming potential ( gwp ) refrigerants and high efficiency operation .
# coldfront # howtosavewaterthiswinter
when away from the house for an extended period of time during winter , turn off the main water valve to prevent too much water leakage in case the pipes burst . every citizen is a water ambassador
@ news24 ^ p urltoken
at the purification station water passes through metal screens to trap large living organisms , sticks , leaves and litter , but allows the rest of the water to pass through it .
the future of south africa lies in our hands . we can make a difference . we just need to understand the water environment and how we humans fit into it . we all need to become “water wise” ! but what does it mean to be “water wise” ?
in the high court tsoka j upheld the first claim , on the alternative basis , but dismissed the second claim . he ordered rand water to register a servitude over the property at its own expense on its usual terms and conditions and to pay big cedar r32 804 000 as fair , just and equitable compensation for the servitude . he also ordered that rand water pay the costs of the action on the scale as between attorney and client . the appeal is with his leave . there is a cross - appeal by big cedar against his refusal to order the removal of the pipelines and his rejection of the claim for constitutional damages .
if this is the water situation at present , what of the future ? south africa can build more dams and water transfer schemes ; desalinate sea water ; source water from neighbouring countries , such as the zambezi river in zimbabwe ; reusing effluent water ; or treating mine wastewater . but all of these solutions are expensive and not affordable for the country . in terms of water quality , south africans can clean up rivers and impose fines on those people / companies that pollute rivers . but these solutions address the symptoms of the problem . we should be addressing the cause of the problem , i . e . our attitude towards water .
as a solid we see water as ice in glaciers , hail , snow and frost .
without an aggressive long - term strategy for replacing service lines , and collaboration among the water authority , public officials , and residents , lead in pittsburgh ' s water will persist .
a smart market approach could reduce the transaction costs of trading water in california , allow the price of water to better match its value , and bring that value to the state .
the light blue shaded portion of the graph accompanying this text presents the water balance for the whole crocodile west river catchment for a scenario with high population growth and medium water demand management . this is the balance after supplying water to all users within the crocodile river catchment .
the presence of the pipelines on the property was without the consent or permission of big cedar and interfered with its use and enjoyment of the property . the answer was simply that there was no need for a registered servitude or similar real right because the pipelines had been laid in terms of rand water’s powers under s 24
that fact is important because counsel was unable to give any answer to the question of what would happen to big cedar’s claim if the previous owners had received compensation from rand water when the two pipelines were constructed . it seems inconceivable that so long as no servitude was registered each successive owner would have a claim for compensation . the question illustrates that if there had been any deprivation of property it occurred prior to big cedar becoming owner of the property . it also illustrated the fact that if big cedar had any claim arising from its ignorance of the presence of the pipelines that claim would have lain against the previous owners rather than rand water .
instead , users meet at water forums . the minutes from several of these around the vaal dam point to municipal wastewater treatment plants as the biggest headache when it comes to dirty water .
this report assesses water management , partnerships , rights , and market trends and opportunities , and how army installations can potentially use them to improve programs and investments in water and wastewater systems .
built in the 1930s as a job creation programme during the great depression , the dam’s billion cubic metres of water supply most of gauteng’s drinking water . it is also a catchment for rivers in gauteng , the free state , north west and mpumalanga – to which it supplies irrigation water .
the newsletter contains content dealing with the supply , treatment and measuring of water in southern africa .
the magazine publishes content dealing with the supply , treatment and measuring of water in southern africa .
five provinces across the country have been declared disaster zones . these include limpopo , north west , kwazulu - natal , free state and the northern cape . while gauteng hasn’t been declared a disaster area , the high demand for water is something the provincial authorizes are trying to reduce . the vaal dam system is sitting at a healthy balance at 58 . 9 % said chairperson of rand water advocate matshidiso hashatse on monday afternoon . she was speaking a briefing after a meeting of the gauteng water and sanitation forum on monday morning in newtown .
the sludge is pumped to rand water’s sludge disposal site at panfontein . here it is dosed with an organic flocculent in gravity thickening plants to aid the separation of the solids from the liquid . the thickened sludge is pumped onto drying beds where it is dried by evaporation and the clear supernatant fluid is drawn off and returned to the purification system .
more recently , water transfer schemes have been built to move water from other catchments to the vaal dam catchment in order to meet the demands of the growing witwatersrand . these schemes include the following :
sometimes people settle in areas where there is not a good source of water nearby . this is the case with the witwatersrand area . at the end of the 19th century , many people came to the witwatersrand in search of gold . as the mining town of johannesburg grew , there wasn’t enough water in the area to meet everybodies needs . attempts by the johannesburg water works company to meet the demand were hampered by the great drought of 1895 . frequent complaints concerning water led to the appointment of the water works commission in 1895 to examine ways in which johannesburg could be provided with good quality drinking water .
file : the key outcome of the water and sanitation forum meeting on monday morning was to launch a campaign , which would deal with the complexities affecting gauteng’s water supply . photo : flickr - . next
the construction of vaal dam started during the depression of the early thirties and the dam was completed in 1938 with a wall height of 54 . 2m above lowest foundation and a full supply capacity of 994 million m 3 . the dam is a concrete gravity structure with an earthfill section on the right flank . it was built as a joint venture by rand water and the department of irrigation ( now known as the department of water affairs and forestry ) .
the second claim was advanced on the basis that the presence of the pipelines constituted an infringement of big cedar’s fundamental right to property . rand water was entitled either to expropriate the relevant portion of the property or expropriate a servitude in respect thereof , against the payment of compensation , but had failed to do so . big cedar accordingly alleged that its rights had been infringed , and continued to be infringed , as a result of which rand water was unjustifiably enriched and benefited at its expense . on that basis it sought an order for payment of a reasonable rental , alternatively compensation , in an amount of r38 500 per month . in the further alternative it sought payment of that amount by way of constitutional damages .
sewerage plants , the worst polluters , fall under the co - operative governance department . municipalities , such as deneysville , are given funding to build and maintain their works . the water department gives them a licence to do this , on condition that they release clean water back into local water sources . these sources are owned by the department , which acts as the custodian of all the water in the country .
controlling water management in mining : the current global demand for water is at the level of 4 500 billion m³ a year and is expected to rise to 6 900 billion m³ by 2030 . [ le ]
i am prepared to accept that the evidence at the trial did not establish rand water’s compliance with this requirement prior to its laying each of the pipelines . however , for the reasons that follow , one procedural and one substantive , i do not think that its assumed failure to comply with this requirement rendered its actions in laying the pipelines unlawful and unauthorised by s 24
the water leaving the purification plant is disinfected with chlorine to kill micro - organisms , bacteria and viruses that may be present in the water . the free available chlorine concentration must be between 0 , 8 and 2 , 5 mg / l depending on the raw water quality to ensure that all pathogens are killed .
• report leakages immediately • prepare gauteng for rainwater harvesting technology • investigate water purification options • guarantee uninterrupted water supply mamabolo said this campaign was the province’s way of taking proactive steps to avoid the worst - case scenario of running out of water completely . the campaign will be launched on thursday and is called # savewater .
it is true that , shortly after this , counsel went on to say that the first factual issue was whether the board acted lawfully in 1971 and 1997 when it laid these underground pipelines and he said that it had not given the required notice prior to its doing so . he concluded by saying that on its own documents rand water had never really acted in terms of s 24
the slaked lime is then added to the water as the main coagulant to destabilize the electrostatic charges of suspended particles in the water . a small quantity of activated sodium silicate is also added to the raw water to enable the suspended particles to clump together to form larger clusters or flocks which can then be settled out by gravitation .
sedimentation is the oldest known method of water purification and has been employed extensively for thousands of years . the water flows slowly into large sedimentation tanks . the floc then settles to the bottom of the tank to form sludge .
as a fluid we see water as rain , in streams , lakes , dams , wetlands and the sea .
the interactive pardee rand food - energy - water index enables the measurement of the current state of food , water , and energy security and allows for analysis of these topics under future scenarios . it allows those interested in improving development to understand the dominant sources of insecurity in a nation and identify cases where many sources of insecurity are interrelated . for those interested in studying how to improve development trajectories , these data can explain why some nations currently enjoy higher levels of human development and others have lower ones .
to track these plants , water affairs used to release the annual green drop report . the last one said six plants around the vaal dam were releasing “noncompliant” water , in other words , illegal water . but an official in pretoria says : “our hands are tied . this gem [ the vaal dam ] in our water system is being destroyed by municipalities , but what can we do ? government departments are not allowed to take each other on . ”
apart from the claim for removal of the pipelines big cedar sought , in the alternative , an order that a servitude be registered over the property in respect of the two pipelines and that rand water pay it r6 . 6 million as compensation therefor . as mentioned the court below made an order for the registration of a servitude and in addition ordered that compensation of r32 804 000 be paid therefor .
the use of lime as a coagulant raises the ph of the water to about 10 , 5 which is very unstable and conducive to scale forming . after sedimentation , the water flows into carbonation bays where it is stabilised by adding pure carbon dioxide gas to the water . this lowers the ph to between 8 , 0 and 8 . 4 .


africa west was a cargo airline based in lomé , togo .

the company was founded in 1997 and mainly operated in west africa and central africa .

africa west airlines

at airportia you can find africa west airlines arrivals and africa west airlines departures .
below , you can see the all the destinations that africa west airlines flies to .
effective 05 september , ethiopian airlines in cooperation with its partner asky airlines will introduce new connectivity between west africa and ethiopian’s worldwide network .
asky airlines based in lomé , togo and shareholder , ethiopian airlines are planning to establish an aircraft mro and training center in west africa .
africa west airlines ' base airport is lomé ( lfw ) . its iata code is fk and its icao code is wta .
non - african airlines currently fly about 80 % of intercontinental traffic to and from africa .
after a break of nearly two years , silk way west airlines has again introduced . . .
executive director with bellview airlines limited ( a leading private airline in nigeria ) and country director of sabre network inc west africa . . . . . a us leading technology company for airlines .
may 14 , 2018 , baku – silk way west airlines stays on its expansion cour . . .
, togo and shareholder , ethiopian airlines are planning to establish an aircraft mro and training center in west africa . this is a significant development as west africa currently does not have any local stations capable of heavy maintenance . the international aviation group ( iag ) and
in conakry , i met other travellers who were on different legs of their various journeys around west africa .
in line with the lufthansa group africa strategy , which foresees a close collaboration among the group’s airlines that operate in africa , brussels airlines will cease its flights to nairobi ( kenya ) as from the end of october .
starting 26 october brussels airlines will operate flights to accra , the capital of ghana , four times weekly . ghana is one of the fastest - growing african countries , both economically and in terms of tourism . accra is brussels airlines’ 16th destination in west africa .
asky’s new schedule , introduced on 21 - may - 2016 as the são paulo flights resumed , facilitates quick connections for both são paulo and newark . in some cases the new schedule also reduces transit times for travel within west africa and for connecting passengers flying into west africa on ethiopian from east africa and asia .
asky currently serves 19 destinations ( including lome ) across 16 west african countries ( including togo ) . ethiopian has used asky and lome airport in togo as its hub for west africa since asky launched in early 2010 .
expected to be particularly strong markets . mr gebrermariam said that ethiopian expects strong point of sale results from both west africa and the us , pointing out that there is a large west african community in the new york area .
ethiopian airlines , one of the largest and fastest growing airlines in africa , made its maiden flight to cairo in 1946 . with the recent addition of flight services to pointe noire , ethiopian provides dependable services to 39 cities in africa and a total of 59 international destinations spanning throughout four continents .
the enhanced cooperation between asky and ethiopian airlines will make connectivity between west africa and ethiopian’s vast network throughout east africa , the middle east , and asia , including such destinations as bombay , hong kong , bangkok , dubai , jeddah , riyadh , beirut , cairo , tel aviv , and nairobi .
belgian national carrier , brussels airlines , is to further expand its activities in west africa from winter 2015 / 2016 with frequency increases to a number of existing destinations and a brand new route to accra , the capital of ghana .
one reason for the lack of flights between major west african cities is the collapse of regional airlines such as ghana airways , air senegal and many in nigeria .
it was established in 2008 but does not yet connect all west african countries .
if you travel in # africa frequently share insights via # cirqvoyage . yet to experience africa # travel ? ff # cirqvoyage for tips & insights .
one expert in the aviation industry says the passenger flow in west africa is
pretty low
, so it does not make business sense to fly some routes .
while it is true that many west africans cannot afford to fly , the middle - class is increasing and if prices were lower , more people would develop the habit of flying and so it might become profitable for airlines to link west african cities before too long .
there are currently only 33 weekly nonstop flights from the us and west africa , including 14 frequencies from delta air lines , seven from united airlines , seven from south african airways ( saa ) , three from nigeria’s arik air and two from cape verde ’s tacv .
. historically , a large share of this traffic has been travelling within west africa . asky will continue to grow its share of the local west african market as its overall capacity increases but the new brazil and us connections will be the biggest driver of traffic growth .
there are also schedule changes in east africa from winter 2015 / 2016 for the european flag carrier . for the first time in its history , brussels airlines will offer direct flights on both the outbound and the inbound flights between brussels and the rwandan capital kigali . however , in line with the lufthansa group africa strategy , which foresees a close collaboration among the group’s airlines that operate in africa , brussels airlines will cease its own flights to nairobi ( kenya ) from the end of october as lufthansa resumes its own flights to the kenyan capital from frankfurt .
ethiopian was the winner of the ‘2008 best airline in africa award’ at the african travel award ceremony in lagos , nigeria , for its excellent network and convenient connections in africa .
several african countries established national airlines after independence , mainly focusing on flights to destinations outside the continent .
nancy kacungira is presenting the bbc africa debate : what will fix africa ' s air transport ? listen on the bbc world service , 1900 gmt on 26 may and afterwards on demand .
united provided approximately 3 , 000 weekly seats in the west african market while ethiopian’s newark service will generate 1 , 620 weekly seats , with approximately 1 , 000 weekly seats available for the us - west african market . total capacity in the us - west africa market has dropped significantly in recent years and will reach a new low point after united withdraws – ethiopian will only partially offset the reduction from united .
the information below represents the most comprehensive list of airlines on the web . skyscanner offers you the possibility to search for flights with any of the airlines in the world , including low - cost and traditional carriers .
british airways do not offer a company travel loyalty programme in the us but our partner american airlines does .
west africa is an underserved market from new york and the us generally – forcing most passengers to fly via europe . ethiopian is confident that the new route will succeed as it will provide a new faster – and in many cases a more affordable – option for passengers heading between new york and several west african countries .
as from september , the brussels airlines flight offer to west africa will be expanded with increased flight frequencies to several existing destinations . lomé ( togo ) will be operated four times instead of twice weekly . in addition , cotonou ( benin ) and ouagadougou ( burkina faso ) will be served three times instead of twice weekly .
africa ' s real state of affairs : thought - provoking speech by kenya ' s prof . patrick lumumba
gabriel started his aviation career as a management trainee with lufthansa german airlines in 1973 . he worked consistently in the aviation industry since then , serving at various capacities such as assistant manager with lufthansa german airlines , deputy general manager with varig brazilian airline .
the current regional expansion could finally be a springboard to launching new routes outside west africa – johannesburg is under consideration – and potentially outside africa . asky now has the regional network – needed to feed any new medium or long haul services – to take a stab at intercontinental flights . however , such expansion will face challenges , and could prove risky .
los angeles , which was launched in 2015 , is only viable with a stop in dublin in both directions . after experimenting with nonstop flights to são paulo , ethiopian has learned that the route is only viable with a stop in west africa .
safety has also been an issue because of comparatively high accident rates , and regulators outside africa have imposed heavy restrictions .
asky and ethiopian combined currently account for almost 80 % of total seat capacity at lome airport . their share of the lome market will expand even further as both airlines add capacity at lome in the coming months . lome currently only has regular services from five other airlines .
the ethiopian - asky partnership has been highly successful , with ethiopian using asky to feed its lome flights and some of its other west african services . asky is now profitable , and ethiopian in recent years has been by far the most profitable airline in africa .
sede sociale : brussels airlines sa / nv - 100 - 102 , avenue des saisons , box 30 , 1050 bruxelles , belgio - callcenter . it @ urltoken
ethiopian resumed services from lome to são paulo in may - 2016 and plans to launch services from lome to newark in early jul - 2016 . asky is playing a critical feeder role for both long haul routes and its expansion also enables it to increase its share of the intra - west africa market .
mr gebremariam told capa that the nonstop flight from addis ababa to são paulo did not work due to payload limitations from addis ababa and the weak economy in brazil . with the stop in lome there are no payload limitations and ethiopian can carry passengers in the growing west africa - brazil market using asky .
even some african airlines with good safety records are blocked from flying to the european union ( eu ) airports because of a lack of confidence in african safety regulators .
ethiopian airlines is building up its west african operation , through expansion at the togo - based affiliate asky and new long haul services from lome to new york and são paulo . asky is adding capacity to several of its 19 destinations as it takes delivery of two 737 - 800s , which will be the largest aircraft in its fleet .
some west african states have tried to address this by setting up a new airline , asky , based in the togolese capital , lome where a massive airport expansion is underway .
brussels airlines guests can , however , continue to fly comfortably to the kenyan capital thanks to the flight offer from swiss and the new connection offered by lufthansa starting this autumn .
from this winter season , for the first time in its history , brussels airlines will offer direct flights on both the outbound and the inbound flights between brussels and the rwandan capital kigali .
ethiopian now needs the lome hub to support newark and são paulo , neither of which would likely be viable routes without the stop in togo and significant feed from west africa . ethiopian is keen to grow further in the americas – with chicago and houston the most likely next new destinations – but there is insufficient demand to support new nonstop services from addis ababa .
the newark flight alone should generate more than 700 incremental passengers per week for asky , based on ethiopian’s expectation for west africa transfers and an average load factor of 75 % on lome - newark . this is significant when considering that asky currently has approximately 12 , 000 weekly seats in the lome market . lome accounts for approximately 60 % of asky’s total seat capacity .
the african network has been critical in enabling ethiopian’s rapid growth over the last several years , particularly in asia . ethiopian currently operates passenger services to 11 destinations in asia , six of which have been launched since 2011 . the asian network , which is expected to grow to 15 destinations over the next year , relies heavily on connections beyond ethiopia – including to west africa .
however , i would have needed to stay overnight in abidjan , and possibly another night in dakar to be able catch brussels airlines which is virtually the only reliable means of flying to banjul from the senegalese capital .
hello . sorry to hear you feel that way . i used the photo because its the only photo of a west african airline that i had taken and that was available at the time . hope that clarifies .
delta operates daily atlanta - lagos services , four weekly flights from new york jfk to accra , and three weekly flights from new york jfk to dakar . united currently has a daily flight from houston to lagos but is dropping the service , its only african route , on 30 - jun - 2016 . this leaves a void in the us - west africa market which will partially be filled with ethiopian’s new service to newark .
as from the end of october , brussels airlines will fly four times a week to ghana’s capital , accra . the flights will be operated on mondays , wednesdays , fridays and saturdays , with a morning departure from brussels and an evening return from accra . the flight schedule allows for smooth connections to many of brussels airlines’ european destinations and the united states , including to the uk , denmark , germany , france and new york , via brussels airport .
search cheap flights with dohop . find the cheapest airline tickets for all the top airlines around the world and the top international flight routes . dohop searches hundreds of travel sites to help you find and book the flight that suits you best .
and is looking at both options . however , with togo ethiopian has the opportunity to carry passengers from several west african countries and meet its overall strategic goal of building up the group’s lome hub while expanding its leading pan - african presence .
the food . for the sake of loyalty , i will always pick ghana in a jollof war against nigeria . but when it comes down to it , senegal’s tchieboudienne offers a way more interesting range of taste – from the subtle sweetness of tomatoes to the slightly acrid taste of lemons and ground hibiscus leaves , ’and the supple softness of steamed vegetables and fish . that and the fact that they have more of a historic claim to west africa’s contested dish .
“we are extremely happy to add ghana to our african network - the country is currently not directly connected to brussels airport , ” says brussels airlines vp sales africa philippe saeys . “this is good news both for the growing number of passengers that travel to or from ghana , and for cargo clients . as well as offering comfortable travel options between accra , brussels airport and europe , this connection will also contribute to the growing trade relations between belgium and ghana . ”
ethiopian won the nepad transport infrastructure excellence awards 2009 on november 25 , 2009 and
airline of the year
award from the african airlines association ( afraa ) on november 24 , 2009 , bringing the total awards honored since january 2009 to five .
that was on saturday . “call me on monday and let me know if you still want to return to dakar , ” aicha teased . monday came , but i had no response for her . i was sitting at gate 4 of the léopold sédar senghor international airport waiting for an air côte d’ivoire flight back to accra after asky airlines “delayed” my return , not once , but twice . my sunday jet eye morning flight with asky airlines turned into a monday morning flight turned into a no - show . not because of a technical issue or because i mixed up the flight schedule . no , that would be too gracious . both my flights were “delayed” or rather , rescheduled , because asky airlines was late . on their own schedule . ironic , yes . but by no means surprising .
“this is an important investment in our african presence and a clear sign of trust in the economic and touristic development of the region” , says brussels airlines chief commercial lars redeligx . “we offer our growing number of guests more frequencies in order to offer more flexibility . ”
gabriel’s deep and wide aviation industry experience has made him an acknowledged expert in airlines and aviation business management . he has provided varied consultancy services in these areas and is an author of many aviation industry related publications . he’s currently the president aviation safety round table initiative .
arik air ' s executive jet charter division offers guests a combination of flexibility , comfort , safety , convenience and value for personalised air travel throughout nigeria and africa . in the private charter industry , the airline has achieved a superb reputation for our services .
“this is an important investment in our african presence and a clear sign of trust in the economic and touristic development of the region , ” said lars redeligx , chief commercial officer , brussels airlines . “we offer our growing number of guests more frequencies in order to offer more flexibility . ”
lome airport recently opened a new terminal with capacity for 2 . 5 million annual passengers . the new terminal and a planned new airport that could open next decade are part of an initiative by the togolese government to position lome as a hub for africa and beyond .
this service will provide an important new link between europe and ghana and provide star alliance and its members a stronger presence in this developing market . british airways , iberia , klm and lufthansa currently provide hub links into accra , while vueling airlines will introduce a new service between barcelona and accra later this month .
i first heard about arik air during the 2010 harvard business conference . i was excited , as were many of my friends ; arik air seemed innovative , youthful and edgy . they seemed genuine about wanting to help solve west africa’s air travel woes and what’s more , they went a step further to connect with the us - based diaspora . six years later , i was less than enthusiastic about traveling with arik to cotonou . the accounts of customer dissatisfaction later – including one about passengers locked up on a plane without air conditioning – were many as well the warnings against flying arik .
flying between the west african capitals of freetown and banjul should take about an hour . but as the bbc ' s umaru fofana found out , because of the region ' s poor air connections , it can be quicker and easier to fly via morocco or belgium , although that could take a day , or even three .
ethiopian currently has its own services to 16 of aky’s 19 destinations ; bangui , bissau and conakry are asky’s only exclusive destinations . however , asky’s role in the 16 overlapping destinations is significant as it has enabled ethiopian to provide greater frequency and more options for its passengers originating in east africa and asia .
ethiopian initially aimed to serve new york jfk but mr gebremariam said the airline was unable to secure slots at jfk . he said ethiopian could later move the togo - newark flight to jfk or potentially launch jfk to supplement newark . he said that jfk is generally the preferred , or more convenient , airport for new york’s west african community .
travel . exhilarating , eye - opening , enriching . but sometimes it can be downright annoying – especially where travel in africa is concerned . over the past two years i’ve taken numerous trips across the continent i call home ; the majority for work , some on my own dime , each unique in its own way . my most recent visit to africa’s western most city was my fourth ; i was excited to explore not just the intellectual crannies of the youth conference i was attending , but also the simple delights of what is easily one of my top three african cities : dakar . it felt like coming home .
a flourishing economy thanks to oil and cocoa , a growing touristic potential and a population that is known for its friendliness and hospitality… with ghana , brussels airlines adds one of the most important up and coming african countries to its network . the gdp continues to grow steadily , trade relations are booming and the number of foreign visitors and tourists increases year after year .
jemila abdulai is the creative director , editor and founder of the award - winning website circumspecte . com . a media and international development professional and economist by training , she combines her business , communications and project management expertise with her strong passion for africa . besides writing and reading , she enjoys travel , global cuisine , movies , and good design .
ethiopian’s investment in asky and its other african affiliate , malawian , is key to the airline’s objective to continue growing its presence in africa . ethiopian already has the largest african network , with 47 regional international destinations – or 50 , when asky’s three exclusive destinations are included – along with 17 domestic connections ( based on oag data for the week commencing 13 - jun - 2016 ) .
he has attended several professional training courses and served on several expert groups , committees , and panels including the ministerial committee on restructuring of nigeria airways limited in september 2001 , ministerial technical committee on the establishment of a new flag carrier in august 2003 , chairman of the agency investigation panel ( a . i . p ) for western africa , and member of ecowas parliament committee on implementation of yammousoukro treaty .
“we are extremely happy to add ghana to our african network - the country is currently not directly connected to brussels airport , ” said philippe saeys , vice president sales , brussels airlines . “this is good news both for the growing number of passengers that travel to or from ghana , and for cargo clients . as well as offering comfortable travel options between accra , brussels airport and europe , this connection will also contribute to the growing trade relations between belgium and ghana . ”
passengers from freetown , monrovia , conakry , cotonou , abidjan , banjul and niamey will have more and improved connectivity to addis ababa , east africa , the middle east , and asia with asky’s new flights . specifically , cotonou will get daily connectivity to ethiopian’s network , and abidjan will get six weekly connections , three via asky aircraft and three via ethiopian aircraft . on this date , ethiopian will transfer its operations at monrovia to asky .
to access our news database including exclusive stories reported first by ch - aviation you need to upgrade to ch - aviation . with a ch - aviation subscription you benefit from a wide range of data and information such as :
fly 3x accra –freetwon - accra direct on mondays , wednesdays & saturdays and enjoy world class airline service .
for any special assistance like wheelchair , expectant mother or any medical case . inform us 72 hrs prior to your reservation via email at concerns @ flyafricaworld . com
skyscanner uses cookies . find out more about what they are and how to opt out , in our cookie policy .
skyscanner allows you to find the cheapest flights without having to enter specific dates or even destinations , making it the best place to find cheap flights for your trip . use the links at the side of the page to browse for flight information or use the flight search controls above to start a new search .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml + rdfa 1 . 0 / / en
urltoken
enter your details to access an existing booking and review your travel itinerary , make or change requests and add specific services .
arik air online check - in from 24 hours before the scheduled departure of the flight to 5 hours before international flights and 3 hours before domestic & regional flights . key information for online check - in
we’ve looked closely into our customer wants & needs and come back with some real amazing findings . the result ? meet our new mobile app . it ' s been designed from the ground up to make your travel experience much more enjoyable . its full of features to make your life easier . plan your trip , purchase tickets , & use your air miles .
arik air , nigeria’s leading carrier is spreading its wings to bauchi with the launch of flight services to the city from may 9 , 2018 . the airline will be operating three weekly flights from abuja to bauchi with connections to and from lagos on wednesday , friday and sunday .
arik air will effective march 17 , 2018 operate its lagos - port harcourt flights from murtala muhammed airport terminal 2 ( mma2 ) .
psst , yeah you . you can now fly arik air for n16 , 000 . go tell somebody .
take advantage of arik air ' s advance purchase fare and be a ' super saver ' .
arik air now flies from lagos direct to naf base in the heart of port harcourt . flight operates from murtala mohammed airport terminal 2 ( mma2 ) commencing february 12 , 2018
arik air has introduced pocket friendly fares on the lagos - accra and abuja - accra routes .
the journey to a world of benefits and rewards start with 1000 miles . join affinitywings today , fly & earn more miles .
i recently had to travel to the gambia on a reporting trip for the bbc .
in theory , this journey of 700km ( 400 miles ) should take about an hour and the gambia is a popular tourist destination , which is served by charter flights from across europe .
but there are just two flights a week from freetown and the days didn ' t fit with my trip .
one option would have been to fly with royal air maroc via casablanca , where there can be a stopover of 30 hours with no automatic entitlement to hotel accommodation .
so it is actually quicker , but far more expensive , to fly to belgium ' s capital brussels and then connect to banjul .
another option would have been with air cote d ' ivoire , a relatively new kid on the aviation block .
this would have meant flying via its hub in abidjan , then to dakar and onward to banjul .
in the end , the best option was to drive from freetown to conakry , before flying to dakar , senegal ' s capital , where i spent the night to get my connecting flight to banjul the following day .
i spent two days travelling for a trip that should have taken me just over an hour .
my return leg was even more exhausting . i flew from banjul to dakar , spent the night and flew on the next evening to conakry .
i had to spend another night in guinea ' s capital before driving to freetown on the third day .
most of them were businesspeople who complained about the hassle , saying it made travel more expensive .
this has a concomitant effect - the high costs of goods and services ,
lamented a middle - aged retailer from freetown who buys her goods in guinea for sale in bo , southern sierra leone .
omodele jones , a businessman based in the gambia , told me he had to change his ticket to fly from banjul via brussels to nairobi because his airline had cancelled its flight to dakar , where he was initially scheduled to connect to the kenyan capital .
it would have cost me a lot of time - which is a lot of money - to have waited another two days at least to fly to nairobi via dakar ,
omodele jones told me .
many of these carriers were propped up financially and protected by regulation , stifling competition and leaving domestic and regional routes undeveloped for a long time .
another factor is that some african countries have still not opened up their skies to each other - allowed other countries ' carries to use their airports - yet they have opened up to carriers from other continents .
as a result , it is often cheaper to fly from an african city via london , amsterdam , or dubai and back to a neighbouring african city than to travel direct .
the single african air transport market ( saatm ) , a policy of the african union , is due to be introduced this year .
implementing the saatm , which is similar to the eu ' s single aviation market , would go a long way towards making african air travel more competitive by reducing protectionist policies .
half a century after independence , many african countries still have better transport links with their former colonial powers than their neighbours .
there are several flights a day from former british colony the gambia to london , but very few to neighbouring senegal .
senegal ' s capital , dakar , is of course well served with flights to its former colonial master , france .
the man , who did not want to be named , says with
a more sensible and business - friendly tax regime
the situation would improve .
let me explain to you about our ticket to london . the ticket cost $ 825 and our own actual price without tax is $ 350 , which shows that over $ 500 tax has been levied on the ticket .
in the meantime , the idea of free movement of goods and services as envisioned by the founding heads of state of the regional body ecowas will remain a pipe - dream .
the foreign secretary quits , telling theresa may
needless self - doubt
is leading to
semi - brexit
.
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
the direct flights are operated with airbus a330 aircraft and passengers have the choice between a business class product with full flat beds and an economy class product with ergonomic seats and on demand in - flight entertainment .
i could live here , i told myself more than once . it would be the healthy option : fruits , vegetables and sea food are plentiful , and the fitness culture has grown by leaps and bounds since my last visit in 2015 . people work out everywhere . i could live here , i told myself when my friends and i navigated our way through the rolls of colorful fabric at the sandaga market and even as i dug deep into my treasure trove of bargaining skills , stern face but all the while smiling inwardly and thinking “i’ve not lost it” . i sashayed between the past and present , between a young , eager jemi and me today : still learning but more comfortable in my skin . could i live here ?
“there is nothing like returning to a place that remains unchanged to find the ways in which you yourself have altered . ” – nelson mandela
how much is a two - bedroom apartment in an okay part of town ? ” i asked my friend aicha . her eyes lit up ; she’s been trying to get me to move to dakar for the past year and a half , and honestly i might have if not for the fact that my other friend came not just with a proposition to leave abidjan for accra , but also with a room in a house and a guarantee that ghana’s electricity crisis only occasionally paid our neighborhood a visit . that and the fact that accra has the highest density of the people i call family . aicha tells me how much she pays . it’s half what i currently pay for rent . that’s it , i’m moving back to dakar !
arriving in good time at the airport after taking an early morning un flight from nzérékoré – a region in guinea that was affected by the ebola crisis – i was told i would have to spend the night in lomé . why ? the connecting flight had been cancelled . this wouldn’t have been an issue except that i had a wedding and event i had promised to attend . after a few calls with my client and friends , i decided to proceed to anyway and arranged to be transported across the border to accra by car .
“to be honest , the visa is not the main hurdle to intra - african tourism – africans still make it to countries with extremely tight visa restrictions on us – it’s the fact that a barely 1 - hour flight from lagos to douala costs nearly $ 500 and that’s one of the cheapest flights you can take from lagos anywhere . ”
of course , passengers and customers also have a role to play while we navigate the turbulent path to better aviation ( practical tips here ) . providing feedback , writing reviews and sharing travel experiences online could go a long to help other passengers , if no one at all . i’ve started on that front by sharing and curating my african air travel experiences and tips with the # cirqvoyage hashtag on twitter – i hope you join me .
i ' m jemila , the creator of circumspecte . welcome - i hope you enjoy our content and stick around . leave a comment , share with friends or drop us a note with some feedback . you can also connect with us on social .
don ' t miss another post . enter your email address to receive notifications of new posts by email . we respect your privacy .
breast cancer in ghana is rising . here ' s how to prevent , detect & treat it ( includes list of free screening centers )
ghana is one of the fastest - growing african countries , both economically and in terms of tourism . it has a growing economy thanks to oil and cocoa , a growing touristic potential and a population that is known for its friendliness and hospitality . its gdp continues to grow steadily , trade relations are booming and the number of foreign visitors and tourists increases year - on - year .
with 45 meeting slots and unlimited networking opportunities , the event is your opportunity to engage in business - focused discussions with europe ' s key decision makers .
richard provided insight to the routesonline community delivering content every day via our airlineroute schedules blog and through regular features and analysis on latest developments and trends within the sector . with almost 20 years in the industry working for a number of aviation publications he brought the team a wealth of experience and insight .
subscribe to our weekly newsletter with route development news , features , interviews and more .
asky took delivery of its first 737 - 800 in early jun - 2016 , giving it a fleet of eight aircraft including three 737 - 700s and four bombardier dash 8 q400s . asky plans to take delivery of a second 737 - 800 by the end of 2016 , which will be used to replace one of its dash 8 q400s , driving a further increase in capacity .
asky commenced operations in 2010 , with ethiopian as a strategic partner . ethiopian has a 40 % stake in asky and all of asky’s aircraft are registered in ethiopia . asky launched with 118 - seat two - class 737 - 700s and added all four of its q400s – which are in two - class 71 - seat configuration – in late 2012 and 2013 .
the ethiopian ceo , tewolde gebrermariam , told capa on the sidelines of the 1 - jun - 2016 iata annual general meeting in dublin that two 737 - 800s would be added to asky’s fleet by the end of 2016 . the first 737 - 800 , which was delivered in early - jun - 2016 in 164 - seat two - class configuration , is being used for growth ahead of ethiopian’s launch of services between lome and newark .
the second 737 - 800 will replace one of asky’s four q400s , giving asky a fleet of five 737s ( three - 700s and two - 800s ) and three q400s . the q400 will be returned to ethiopian .
the 737 - 800s represents significant expansion for asky as the capacity of its fleet increases by 40 % , from 638 total seats to 895 total seats . asky is adding capacity to several of its existing destinations through a combination of additional frequencies and upgauging existing frequencies .
asky has already upgauged lome - dakar from the 737 - 700 to the 737 - 800 and added frequencies on several routes , including lome - abidjan . the second 737 - 800 will generate further capacity increases as flights are upgauged from the q400 to 737 - 700 , and from the 737 - 700 to the 737 - 800 .
abidjan and dakar are among the asky destinations that will connect with ethiopian’s new thrice weekly lome - new york service . ethiopian is also selling one - stop connections from new york to bamako , bissau , brazzaville , conakry , douala , kinshasa , lagos , libreville , n ' djamena , niamey , ouagadougou and yaoundé . asky has introduced a new schedule on several routes to facilitate connections to and from newark .
arik operates three weekly flights from lagos to new york jfk and tacv operates two weekly flights from its praia base to providence in rhode island , a niche ethnic route catering to local point - to - point demand . saa operates four weekly accra - washington dulles and three weekly dakar - washington dulles flights , all of which originate in johannesburg . saa is looking at a potential new fifth freedom route from nigeria to new york , which could pose new competition for ethiopian .
all three of the lome - newark frequencies will originate in addis ababa and be operated with 270 - seat two class 787 - 8s . ethiopian also uses the 787 - 8 to operate three weekly flights on an addis ababa - lome - são paulo routing .
ethiopian resumed lome - são paulo service on 21 - may - 2016 . ethiopian had suspended lome - são paulo one year earlier , in may 2015 , when it launched nonstop flights from addis ababa to são paulo .
ethiopian initially launched services to brazil in 2013 on a addis ababa - lome - rio de janeiro - são paulo - lome - addis ababa routing . ethiopian dropped the rio de janeiro stop in 2014 , leaving it with a addis ababa - lome - são paulo - lome - addis ababa route which it now , again , operates . ( ethiopian maintained service on the addis ababa - lome route using 737s during the period that são paulo was served nonstop from addis ababa . )
ethiopian’s lome - são paulo and são paulo - lome flights will have identical arrival and departure times in lome as the newark flights . the são paulo flight departs lome at 1305 on monday , wednesday and saturday and lands back in lome at 1130 on tuesday , thursday and sunday . the newark flight will depart lome at 1300 on tuesday , thursday and sunday and land back at lome at 1130 on wednesday , friday and monday . the schedule therefore provides the same regional connections to brazil as for us passengers , but on different days of the week .
asky also operates fifth freedom routes from 11 other destinations . most of these destinations are larger local markets than togo but the biggest near - term opportunities for growth are in togo , due to the expansion by ethiopian in lome .
over the past several years asky has repeatedly expressed interest in launching intercontinental services from lome . asky has been considering launching services from lome to europe .
ethiopian’s other two existing destinations in the americas – toronto and washington dulles – have the benefit of drawing from much larger ethiopian communities and are likely the only markets able to support nonstop flights . ( ethiopian has a fuel stop in dublin on flights to toronto and washington but purely for operational reasons , due to the high altitude of addis ababa , and operates the return sectors from toronto and washington nonstop . )
capa membership provides access to all news and analysis on the site , along with access to many areas of our comprehensive databases and toolsets .
you seem to have javascript disabled in your browser . the majority of this website will not function as intended without javascript enabled .
this site is operated by a business or businesses owned by informa plc and all copyright resides with them . informa plc ' s registered office is 5 howick place , london sw1p 1wg . registered in england and wales . number 8860726 .
government and that if approved , the mro facility will cater to boeing and bombardier aircraft . the training facility will train back - office staff and cabin crew .
this comes in the wake of local industry stakeholders berating the government for the lack of an mro facility , which they claim is part of the reason for the high demand of foreign exchange in the industry , lack of developed technical manpower and the inability of nigeria to carry out c - checks and d - checks .
, deputy director , press and public affairs , at nigeria’s ministry of aviation , said the venture was because iag saw potential in the following factors : the huge traffic in and out of the country , the need to reduce the cost of maintaining aircraft abroad and the chance of attracting work from neighboring countries . in addition , iag intends to start a nigerian aviation academy that will be affiliated to a uk - based university .
gabriel o olowo is an economist and business administrator with uninterrupted cognate experience in aviation dating back to 1973 .
gabriel is a fellow of the nigerian institute of management ( fnim ) , member nigeria / american chamber of commerce , nigeria - brazil chamber of commerce & industry and nigeria / british chamber of commerce .
gabriel had b . sc . ( business administration ) second class upper honours , university of lagos , nigeria and m . sc . economics ( manpower planning ) university of lagos , nigeria .
if you are a small or medium - sized business and would like to earn your company points when your employees travel , join business extra programme now .
where relevant you will see special offers and other local information appropriate to the country that you select as your home country .
this may be because we do not fly there , or there could be a problem with your search term . please check the spelling or try searching for another term , such as the city or country . alternatively you can choose to list our destinations by continent or country .
looking for a map ? view all our routes on a map at oneworld . com .
in august , 2008 , ethiopian won
the 2008 corporate achievement award” of aviation & allied business for setting the pace towards the development and growth of the african aviation industry .
ethiopian is also the first african carrier to win the 2008 brussels airport company award in recognition of its distinguished long haul operations witnessed through the introduction of new routes , new products , and close cooperation with brussels airport in marketing activities .
heydar aliyev international airport az1044 , baku , azerbaijan tel . : + 994 ( 12 ) 437 47 63 fax : + 994 ( 12 ) 497 10 38 e - mail : silkwaywest @ urltoken
flightmaps is a flightglobal product . the schedules displayed are based on airline filings with flightglobal and are subject to change at any time . neither flightglobal , our airline partners nor the website owner are liable for any loss , damage , or expense however incurred from errors or omissions in the schedules displayed .
use this short tour to help you use this map and flight search tool .
destinations – shows all destinations you can fly to , from any selected city .
flights – shows all flights between two cities on specific dates and lists times and dates along with other flight details .
after performing a search your results will appear at the bottom of the screen . click on the tab to reveal the results .
you can reduce the list using the sort and filter buttons across the top of the results list .
use all the information to help you select the flight you want and then click the booking button .
when viewing the map clicking on a city dot allows a search for destinations , routes or flights from that city .
other links to web pages may be available from each city dot on the map .