the tenerife meridian was the prime meridian of choice for dutch cartographers and navigators from the 1640s until the beginning of the 19th century .

it lies at 16 ° 38 ′ 22 ″ w of the current international prime meridian , the iers reference meridian through greenwich .

tenerife meridian

locate cities of meridian and tenerife on a map as well as the route meridian tenerife and the different connecting points ( sur reina sofia airport , norte los rodeos airport , meridian railway station ) by clicking on the ' details & map ' button .
meridian windows tenerife offer you the very best choice on windows and doors for your home . . . . .
dive and sea tenerife - copyright © 2009 - 2017 all rights reserved . dive and sea tenerife
it is not possible to travel directly by train from meridian to tenerife without changing trains . you can take the train meridian - new york and travel by plane to get to your final destination .
no flight allows you to fly directly to tenerife from meridian . you can take the flight new york - madrid and madrid - tenerife and complete the other part of your journey traveling by train .
drop in to our showroom or give us a call . from surveyors to fitters , meridian windows tenerife look after you from start to finish .
el meridian suitable for : advanced divers and above . boat or shore dive : boat .
. amsterdam : meridian publishing ; new york , n . y : alan r . liss .
trains crescent of amtrak to new york leave from meridian railway station in meridian . arrival in new york will take place at new york penn station ( 2 . 7 mi from the city centre ) .
when travelling from tenerife to meridian by plane , train , you might have to change at madrid ( spain ) new york ( united states ) london ( united kingdom ) casablanca ( morocco ) . if you have some time on your way to tenerife or back to meridian , this may be a really good opportunity to visit and have a short stay in those cities .
el meridian in is a wreck dive , accessible only by boat . the meridian was deliberately sunk in 2005 as an artificial reef , and is now near palm mar . the meridian lies at 30m and provides some excellent opportunities to explore the still intact wreck . the nearby reef is full of life and during the winter months you can see angel sharks .
meridian windows tenerife can also visit you at your location , and discuss the options available to you when considering replacement windows and doors in tenerife . our team is dedicated to getting the job done , at the right price , and the right spec . using the best quality materials available in tenerife . we can manufacture your windows and doors in the meridian windows workshop , and then fit them into your home , ensuring they are sealed , watertight , and correctly fitted to customers satisfaction guarantee .
amtrak provides a rail connection meridian - new york with the train crescent from meridian railway station ( 0 . 5 mi from city - centre ) and serving the rail station of new york penn at arrival ( 2 . 7 mi from centre )
le meridian worked as a minesweeper during world war ii , then as a fishing boat . in 1973 volfgam mertis restored and modernized the ship , and then worked for meridian in tenerife , exporting the tourists on boat trips . it was flooded in 2005 in los cristianos to a depth of 30 meters . book your dive with ola diving center urltoken
. this was the most famous classical map of the world , unsurpassed for almost 1500 years . the canaries continued to be widely used as the prime meridian for maps of the world until well into the 19th century - for example , louis xiii decreed that el hierro be used as prime meridian on all french maps in 1634 , and this continued until about 1800 . dutch maps of the period used the peak of el teide on tenerife as their prime meridian . ( see for example this
meridian windows tenerife have been established for over a decade in the canary islands , building their reputation on the performance of their honest , friendly and reliable team . individually designing and building each unit in our on - site factory located in adeje tenerife – our team of fully qualified fabricators ensure you quality that is built to last .
all the services you might need while on holiday in tenerife can be found at hotel mediterranean palace .
if you are looking for holidays in tenerife , with endless amusement , personalized care and service , in a comfortable hotel and well located facing the tenerife beach , the hotel mediterranean palace is ideal for you .
make the most of this exclusive offers only available on our website in the hotel mediterranean palace of tenerife .
el delfin – south tenerife dive site suitable for : advanced diver . boat or shore dive : boat .
the hotel mediterranean palace enjoys a privileged location on playa de las américas ( beach ) , in south tenerife .
i would like to thank dive and sea tenerife for posting this article . their site is a great place to…
for your trip from meridian ( mississippi , united states ) to tenerife ( spain ) with a distance of 4224 mi you will be able to take 2 modes of transport , eventually by combining plane and / or train , and according to which the duration of the journey will be significantly different .
star fish bay – south tenerife dive site suitable for : all levels of diver . boat or shore dive : boat .
this was our first day on our vacation on tenerife . we drove from callao salvaje and we get a rainy . . .
moreover , he said tenerife was confident it would “more than match” other hubs in the region in terms of productivity and reliability .
get prices , times and duration for the journey meridian tenerife by clicking on the ' check prices ' button and after entering your dates of departure and the number of passengers . note that we are trying to get as many prices as we can from different online travel agencies , but sometimes it may not be possible .
another wreck off the south coast of tenerife , el meridian - this wreck was a ww2 german minesweeper and arrived in tenerife in the 70 ' s , was one of the first whale watching boats . it first sank off the coast of los cristianos , but was refloated , towed out some way and then sank again a little further afield . this is a great wreck diving site but it should be noted that it’s only suited to advanced level scuba divers .
we finished off a tour up the east coast of tenerife with a stop at this shopping centre which had free car parking ! what is it with tenerife ? so many centres & attractions had free car parking wherever we went . don ' t think i paid more . . .
i see that tenerife has an elevation of 12 , 200 ft . ( 3700 m ) . interesting to think that this was hume’s everest . i suppose none of the american rockies were familiar to europeans yet . but surely the alps ? or is it that tenerife is more monolithic ?
using kommerling pvc - profiles meridian windows offer up to a 10 year guarantee – something other window providers will find difficult to beat . remember - upvc is naturally free from erosion , leaks & does not transmit heat .
similarly , last month , bolloréand apmt , under their meridian port services partnership in ghana , signed an agreement with tema port authority to invest over $ 1bn to raise the port’s annual capacity to 3 . 5m teu .
los archos dive site in tenerife , there are 3 amazing natural coral arches . there are some fantastic photographic opportunities at this site . an abundance of tenerife’s sea life can be seen amongst which you can see damsel fish , amberjack eels , moray eels and perhaps even a canarian lobster or two .
the perfect choice for a family vacation , this gorgeous hotel on the playa de las americas - the best beach in southern tenerife - has the largest , most exciting and safest kids club on the island . it is located right next to the best leisure center and shopping area of tenerife . . .
mt blanc is the highest mountain in europe outside the caucasus , and it’s 15 , 771 ft . but the thing about mt teide on tenerife is that it’s a peak on a small island with a good harbor – it’s visible from a ship well over 100 miles away and it was so important to sailors in hume’s day that many cartographers ran the prime meridian through it .
own property on your dream island now ! address : c / el jable , c . c . apollo sur fase 11 callao salvaje , 38678 adeje , tenerife
montana amarilla – south tenerife dive site suitable for : all levels of diver . boat or shore dive : boat or shore ( easier as a boat dive ) .
monarch airlines flies on the route from gatwick lgw airport ( located 24 . 2 mi from london , united kingdom ) to tenerife ( serving sur reina sofia tfs airport )
easyjet carries out a flight from gatwick lgw airport situated 24 . 2 mi away from the city centre of london to tenerife ( arrival at sur reina sofia tfs airport )
thomson airways carries out a flight from gatwick lgw airport situated 24 . 2 mi away from the city centre of london to tenerife ( arrival at sur reina sofia tfs airport )
urltoken france carries out a flight from stansted stn airport situated 31 . 7 mi away from the city centre of london to tenerife ( arrival at sur reina sofia tfs airport )
club mare kids is a world of experiences and emotions where kids will enjoy magical moments of non - stop fun during their holiday in tenerife . they will have a great time .
asked if tenerife was not “behind the curve” in its ambition to become a west african transhipment hub , mr pastor replied that the future was hubs and there was room for more .
thomas cook airlines uk flies on the route from gatwick lgw airport situated 24 . 2 mi away from the city centre of london to tenerife ( arrival at sur reina sofia tfs airport )
mare nostrum resort , avenida de las américas - arona tenerife . españa . reservas : ( + 34 ) 922 75 75 43 , recepción : ( + 34 ) 922 75 75 45
ryanair flies on the route from adolfo - suárez de madrid - barajas mad airport ( located 8 . 1 mi from madrid , spain ) to tenerife ( serving sur reina sofia tfs airport )
don ' t miss our parties , the best in tenerife . we ' d like the time you spend with us to be special and for you to enjoy our gastronomy and live music .
what would you like to eat today at the hotel mediterranean palace of tenerife ? there is no end to the bars and restaurants where you can enjoy excellent cuisine or the most refreshing beverage .
pimentel j . ( 2015 ) a southern meridian : astronomical undertakings in the eighteenth - century spanish empire . in : dunn r . , higgitt r . ( eds ) navigational enterprises in europe and its empires , 1730–1850 . cambridge imperial and post - colonial studies series . palgrave macmillan , london
download the application and access all the information on mare nostrum resort : book a table at restaurants , request spa treatments , receive offers… enjoy everything that one of the best resorts in tenerife can offer .
the port of tenerife has been given a €400 , 000 grant from the european union for a year - long feasibility study on the construction of an lng bunkering hub at the south of the island .
bloix beat me to what i was going to say , but let me restate the point : several peaks in the alps are taller , but the difference in elevation between their summits and the nearest point from which you can see them is ( i assume with some confidence ) less than the difference between the peak of tenerife and sea level . ( mount rainier , of which hume was probably not aware , is taller than tenerife , visible from sea level , and pretty damn impressive . i have never seen tenerife . if somebody wants to get me a grant , i would be happy to do some research .
norwegian air shuttle schedules the flight from adolfo - suárez de madrid - barajas mad airport situated 8 . 1 mi away from the city centre of madrid to tenerife ( arrival at norte los rodeos tfn airport )
a well - sculptured window or door adds distinction & value to your property , not to mention the aspects of security , safety , insulation and of course peace of mind for those who reside outside of tenerife .
montaña amarilla , also know as yellow mountain , in tenerife , is so called because of the golden coloured stone mountain , located next to the dive site . this dive is best as a boat dive to avoid a long precarious walk with kit . underwater there are fantastic rock formations one of which forms a horizontal swim through which leads out to the seabed where you can see a huge variety of sea life . such as rays , roncadores , octopus , moray eel’s and angel sharks ( at the right time of year ) . this dive is one of the most scenic dive sites in tenerife and a very rewarding dive and was the first classified marine reserve in tenerife .
around 120 ad , marinus of tyre wrote that the habitable world was bounded on the west by the fortunate islands . the status of the fortunate islands as the western edge of the known world was more formally established when claudius ptolemy ( ad 90 - 168 ) , following marinus , adopted the fortunate islands as the prime meridian for his
# s 33 and 45 – teide on tenerife is also a stratovolcano . it’s bigger than etna , and it had erupted reasonably spectacularly a few years before hume was born . but the main thing about it was that it was important – it’s a big fixed object out in the ocean . in the days before longitude could easily be calculated , sailors were always a little bit lost once out of sight of land . if you could see tenerife , you knew where you were .
in the very heart of the hotel mediterranean palace in tenerife , you can take a refreshing dip in a swimming pool measuring over 1000 m2 or relax in the atlantis chill out pool . learn about all the pools at the hotel mediterranean palace .
the black and white meridian photos above were taken in 1974 in front of st . cruz upon arrival from germany . in 1973 i rebuilt this ship myself , converting it from a german kfk cutter into the ship you can see on the photos . the local mafia sold the ship to a third party in los christianos before i got the chance to recover her .
palm mar wall is another great boat dive , in tenerife . located near to the local fish farms is a great dive to see roncadores and bream . it is also possible to occasionally see dolphins . a great place to use as a drift dive .
crocodile rock has quickly become a firm favourite with the team at dive and sea tenerife . at its deepest edge it is only 16m and the shallowest part of the top of the “reef” is just 5m . anemones , wrasse and damsel’s all jostle for space , whilst in its crevices can be found black and brown moray eel’s and on occasions fangtooth moray’s . cuttle fish , common ray’s and eagle rays have also been spotted searching for food in the immediate area . a very easy dive that is a must for all divers visiting tenerife .
mr pastor explained that the initial demand for an lng facility had come from a requirement for tenerife to find another energy source , but it was soon identified that by switching over to lng for industrial use it could save the canary islands in total around €235m per year .
this was our first day on our vacation on tenerife . we drove from callao salvaje and we get a rainy day , and that ' s the main reason for our decision to go in centro comercial meridiano . parked our car in a down under garage for free , . . .
this magnificent 5 - star hotel in tenerife is decorated in the colors of the mediterranean sea and has an impressive 1 , 300 m2 pool . surrounding the pool is a huge terrace - solarium with beach chairs and waiter service . you can see us live from the webcam of the mediterranean palace hotel !
at dive and sea tenerife we have over 70 dives sites , both shore and boat dives . so you will be sure to find a dive site that has what you are looking for ! have a read through the descriptions and a look at the images to decide where you want to go diving .
pytheas of marseille began from thule or iceland ; eratosthenes , followed by the arabs , from the pillars of hercules or the strait of gibraltar ; hondius from the hesperides or cape verde ; gerardus mercator from between the islands of corvo and flores ; ptolemy from the canary islands ; blaeu , who was followed by the dutch , from the island of tenerife ; ricciolo from the island of la palma . the french , by order of louis xiii , placed the prime meridian for the measurement of longitude on the island of el hierro [ … ] now the english have moved it again to london , and not to be outdone the french have set it in paris . and one day they will put the equinox and the tropics in london or paris . 1
anglo buccaneers at times attacked the spaniards’ colonies in canary islands , including tenerife . hume had no problem siding with protestants when necessary , and sort of upholds an early form of realpolitik , mo’ or less : eh blokes , remember milton ( not to say cromwell and puritans ) –let’s keep the croppies down .
el puertito has to be amongst everyone’s favourite dive site in tenerife . a very easy entrance and a short swim takes you into just 8 - 10m of water as you then glide along its not long before your met by one of the family of turtles that live in this bay . whilst most of the site is quite baron there are small pockets of rock formations where you can find atlantic damsel’s , blue - fin damsel’s , cuttle fish and the occasional octopus or angel shark . however the stars of the show has to be the turtles who happily interact with our divers . this dive site has to be on your list when coming to tenerife .
british airways carries out the flights from john f . kennedy international jfk airport situated 13 mi away from the city centre of new york to london ( arrival at london city lcy airport ) and from gatwick lgw airport ( located 24 . 2 mi from london , united kingdom ) to tenerife ( serving sur reina sofia tfs airport )
royal air maroc ensures the flight routes from john f . kennedy international jfk airport situated 13 mi away from the city centre of new york to casablanca ( arrival at mohamed v cmn airport ) and from mohamed v cmn airport ( located 16 . 2 mi from casablanca , morocco ) to tenerife ( serving norte los rodeos tfn airport )
air europa ensures the flight routes from john f . kennedy international jfk airport situated 13 mi away from the city centre of new york to madrid ( arrival at adolfo - suárez de madrid - barajas mad airport ) and from adolfo - suárez de madrid - barajas mad airport ( located 8 . 1 mi from madrid , spain ) to tenerife ( serving sur reina sofia tfs airport )
iberia schedules the following flights : from john f . kennedy international jfk airport situated 13 mi away from the city centre of new york to madrid ( arrival at adolfo - suárez de madrid - barajas mad airport ) and from adolfo - suárez de madrid - barajas mad airport ( located 8 . 1 mi from madrid , spain ) to tenerife ( serving sur reina sofia tfs airport )
alien rock is an old favourite in tenerife . it can be found in the same bay as yellow mountain but offers a totally different dive . with its huge rocks that almost touch at their points you are spoilt for fish species to look at . the red back cleaner shrimp can always be found ready to help the fish with a “wash and brush up” and barracuda are everywhere . look a little closer and you will see some of the largest anemones in tenerife as well as the resident brown moray eel ( big ben ) , who will always pop his head out to see who’s coming and he just keeps getting bigger and bigger ! the whole area is surrounded by a large field of garden eel’s and the odd eagle ray , common ray and sting ray cruise by on a regular basis . a truly fantastic dive for all .
los chuchos dive site in tenerife so called due to the spanish name for stingrays is one of the more popular dive sites . this is a boat dive , and by the time you have reached the bottom stingrays are starting to appear there are several species of ray to be seen including the enormous atlantic rays . other life can also be seen such as octopus and barracuda . a fantastic opportunity to see stings rays up close .
after the conquest , alonso fernandez de lugo was appointed the first governor of tenerife and la palma . since he had been personally responsible for financing the conquest , he was endowed by the crown with powers rather more extensive than the governors of the other islands . these powers included the disposition of slaves , the right to control entry and exit from the islands , to exercise civil and criminal jurisdiction , and to appoint and dismiss judicial deputies .
punta rasca is a must for all advanced open water divers , cascading rock formations , “swim through’s” , small caves , black coral and loads of aquatic life to watch . leaving the dive boat into 10m of water then working our way down to around 24m - 30m we find the whitest sand in tenerife and aquatic life that has not seen a diver before . this is one of the exclusive dive sites for us and therefore is totally unspoilt .
el condesito dive site in tenerife is a wreck dive and is only accessible from a boat . the wreck was a large boat which crashed in 1972 . the wreck lies between 10 and 15 meters which allows plenty of time to explore the wreck . the wreck is home to a vast array of different sea life such as trumpet fish , octopus and starfish . whilst the wreck is slowly decaying it’s hull and deck can still be made out .
palm mar cave , tenerife is an advanced dive , as the entrance to the cave is at 30 m . before you reach the cave you can see large rock formations sloping away into the distance , you have the opportunity to see lots of sea life including , moray eels and leopard spotted morays , you can also see sea bream , zebra fish and wrasse . the cave itself is still a mystery as no one has yet explored the cave in its entirety .
alcala is a very easy shore dive with yet more turtles . we get into the water by a giant stride and have a short surface swim and then descend down into 4 - 6m of water . here we have a choice of routes that include sandy bottoms with lots of lizard fish , wide eyed flounders and common rays and the occasional visit from the resident turtles or small rocky areas that hide the smaller fish like cardinal fish , damsel’s and roncadores . a lovely dive site that is worth a visit whilst in tenerife .
leave new york and arrive early enough ( at least 2 hours before the departure time ) at john f . kennedy international jfk airport , 13 mi away , to check in your luggage for the flight to madrid ( adolfo - suárez de madrid - barajas airport , iata code : mad ) operated by american airlines , delta air lines , air europa or iberia . from madrid , take another plane with air europa , norwegian air shuttle , iberia or ryanair that will carry you to sur reina sofia airport ( tenerife , spain ) .
the conquest of the canaries took from 1402 , when juan de bethencourt landed on lanzarote , to 1496 , when tenerife fell to alonso fernandez de lugo . the conquest of la palma started on the 29th of september of 1492 , with the landing on the beaches of tazacorte by fernandez de lugo , and finished on the 3rd of may of the following year . the last king of benahoare to submit himself to the invaders was the legendary tanausu , who ruled the kingdom of acero ( caldera de taburiente ) . after two failed attempts by the castilian conquistadors to penetrate la caldera to defeat him , fernandez de lugo sent a man called juan de palma , a relative of tanausu already converted to christianity , to establish a truce . tanausu agreed , but fernandez de lugo broke the agreement , and tanausu was captured in an ambush . tanausu was taken away into slavery , but refused to eat after leaving the island , and died without seeing land again .
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the canary islands were known in antiquity as the western edge of the known world . homer referred to the islands of the blest , lying westward of maurusia ( modern - day morocco ) ( see extract from
it is likely that the first people to discover the canaries were early phoenician explorers , originating from sidon and tyre in modern - day lebanon . herodotus claims that a phoenician expedition circumnavigated africa in the 6th century bc ( see
) . phoenician coins are claimed to have been found as far afield as the azores . thor heyerdahl sailed from africa to south america via the canary islands in the
, a boat made of papyrus , in order to prove that the journey was possible for ancient mariners .
the romans are known to have explored the canary islands . the most complete classical account of the canaries is by pliny the elder ( see
) , taken from a description of an expedition sent by juba ii , governor of the roman protectorate of mauretania ( modern - day morocco ) from about 29 bc to 20 ad . the islands were found to be uninhabited at the time of this expedition , though junonia ( the roman name for la palma ) did have a ' small temple built of a single stone ' , presumably evidence of earlier inhabitants or explorers .
during the middle ages the canaries become more myth than reality . they figure for example in the search by st brendan ( c . ad 484 - 578 ) for paradise , which he assumed to be an island in the atlantic ocean (
around the end of the 13th century , the canaries were rediscovered by a genoese fleet under lancelot malocello . a detailed survey was made by nicoloso de recco of genoa in 1341 . a papal bull of 1433 awarded rights over the canaries to henry the navigator of portugal , but this decision was reversed in 1436 , when another papal bull awarded these rights to the crown of castile . in the alcovas treaty of 1479 , portugal recognised the rights of the castilians to the canaries , in return for castilian recognition of portugese sovereignty over fez and guinea .
at the time of the rediscovery of the canaries they were inhabited by an indigenous people called the ' guanches ' . we know from cultural similarities that the guanches were berbers from the mountains of northwest africa . how they reached the canaries has been the subject of much speculation , particularly since at the time of the rediscovery they apparently had no knowledge of seafaring techniques - surprising for a people living on a small island with other nearby islands clearly visible .
there is evidence for two distinct guanche racial types , usually referred to as ' cro - magnoid ' and ' mediterranean ' . pottery remnants suggest there were up to four distinct waves of colonisation , whilst carbon dating techniques suggest that the first colonists arrived during the first millenium bc .
) . estimates of the guanche population at the time of the conquest range from 1 , 200 to over 4 , 000 .
in the caldera de taburiente . the legacy of the guanches includes carvings of geometrical forms
and hand - made decorated pottery . reproductions of these pots are still made , in the artesania el molino in mazo
the richness of the island resulted in immigration not just from castille , but also of portugese , italians , catalans , basques and other northern europeans . indeed , fernandez de lugo was accused at successive judicial enquiries of favouring genoese and portugese above native castilian . the period of immigration was intense but relatively short - lived - after the 1520s immigration almost ceased , until the eighteenth century .
produced by leonardi torriani , an italian engineer who toured the canaries fron 1587 to 1593 on an inspection of the islands fortifications .
despite the large number of immigrants , the guanches did not disappear , being assimilated rather than exterminated . gaspar frutuoso writing at the end of the 16th century described the population of la palma as being evenly divided between castilian , portugese and indigenous peoples . he reported these elements of the population as already being largely interbred , indistinguishable in faith and custom , and coexisting as equals .
the principal produce in pre - conquest days were dye - stuffs and shells . of particular importance was orchil , a moss - like dye - stuff . wheat was introduced during the 15th century , but towards the end of the century sugar became the dominant export . apiculture thrived alongside the sugar industry , producing both honey and beeswax .
from the beginning of the 16th century the sugar industry was the basis of a commercial boom . shipbuilding enterprises were established and santa cruz de la palma ' s port developed sea connections with europe and america . the primary interest of foreign merchants was the export of sugar in return for the import of cloth . hakluyt described the trade by nicholas thorne of bristol in 1526 , who exchanged sugar , orchil and goatskins for cloth ' both coarse and fine , broad and narrow , of divers sorts and colours ' .
la palma figured prominently in this boom . one of the largest holdings in the canaries was the estate held from 1513 by the welzers , a german banking family , which included all the waters of the tazacorte valley . sugar was being produced for export from la palma in 1515 by the english merchant thomas malliard , in partnership with the genoese francesco spinola , at a refinery at rio de los sauces .
the canaries became strategically important as a stopping point on the route to the newly - discovered americas . christopher columbus stopped at the canaries ( but not la palma ) to restock before crossing the atlantic for the first time , and later mariners followed the same pattern . the transatlantic sailings were known as the ' carrera de indias ' . from early spring ships would leave sevilla and follow the clockwise pattern of the prevailing atlantic trade winds down to the canaries , and thence across through the islands of the lesser antilles into the southern caribbean - see the
, published in 1526 by the casa de contratacion , the body established in 1503 to regulate the transatlantic trade .
the prosperity of the canaries attracted famous pirates and corsairs of the time , particularly the french jambe de bois ( peg - leg ) who sacked santa cruz de la palma in 1553 . most of the older buildings that can now be seen in santa cruz date from the subsequent rebuilding of the city . in 1585 santa cruz was attacked by an armada of 24 ships commanded by the english pirate francis drake , resulting in the destruction of the harbour fort .
the expansion of the brazilian sugar industry in the last quarter of the sixteenth century dramatically reduced the demand for canarian sugar . wine replaced sugar as the principal export . of particular importance was the production of malvasia , a sweet dessert wine .
malvasia wine remained a major source of income throughout the 17th and 18th centuries , the wine being exported to britain and the american colonies . the position of the canaries on the route to the americas made commerce with the colonies particularly attractive .
the canarian economy was affected throughout much of this period by trade restrictions imposed by the casa de contratacion in sevilla , which was responsible for overseeing the crown monopoly on trade with the american colonies . for example , in 1610 exports from the canaries were limited to a total of 1000 tons , of which 300 was from la palma . the destination of these exports was also restricted . in 1613 the total was reduced to 600 tons and in 1627 to 700 . regulations introduced in 1678 required 5 families to emigrate to america for every 100 tons of exports .
a more liberal regime was introduced by charles iii in the second half of the 18th century . trade was liberalised from 1778 onwards , and produce included cotton , tobacco and silk . during the 18th century the port of santa cruz was regarded as the third largest of the empire , after antwerp and sevilla . ( see
portugese and madeiran wines provided strong competition to malvasia throughout the 17th and 18th centuries . the wine trade with england slumped at the beginning of the 19th century , with the introduction of port wine to the english market .
the wine trade was replaced around 1825 by the growing of cochineal , a cactus parasite used as a food colouring , which became an important source of income . however , this industry was hit by the introduction of artificial colourings in the 1870s , resulting in widespread hardship .
the production of sugar cane reappeared , and around 1880 a rudimentary tourist industry started . at the turn of the century the first banana plants appeared . the resulting prosperity was however to be short - lived , due to the effects of world war 1 on foreign trade .
economic hardship during the latter part of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century resulted in high levels of emigration , cuba being the preferred destination up to the 1930s , and venezuala subsequently . many canarians retain strong family links with cuba and venezuala .
the canarian economy continued to be dominated by agriculture until the early 1960s . liberalisation introduced by the franco regime from 1960 onwards allowed an economic revival , based on bananas , annual exports of which exceed 130 million kilograms , plus other produce , forestry and tobacco . most important of all was the growth of the tourist industry , from 73 , 240 tourists in 1960 to over 2 million tourists in 1975 .
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prices are provided by our partners , and reflect average nightly room rates , including taxes and fees that are fixed , known to our partners , and due at time of booking . other miscellaneous taxes and hotel fees which are not fixed or due at time of booking may be payable at the property at time of stay . please see our partners for more details .
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please visit one of our 11 partner sites to see rooms from us $ 139 .
stayed at this superb hotel last week of june with my family including a 4 and 1 year old . the facilities for children are exceptional including an indoor and outdoor play area and a wonderful kids club where younger children are welcome to join in under . . .
we have just returned from an excellent holiday at the mediterranean palace and really enjoyed our time in the hotel . the hotel is located in a very nice area of playa de las americas with lots of good shops , bars and restaurants nearby ( we enjoyed . . .
response from alejandro cresp . . . d , general manager at mediterranean palace hotel
dear guest ! thank you so much for an amazing five - star review ! we are delighted to know you had such an enjoyable experience at our hotel . thank you as well for your kind words about our staff and for highlighting their efficient work and positive attitude . . . .
my husband and i always . it must be close to 20 times now that we have stayed here and would not consider any other as the welcome we get is great , the staff are very professional and helpful , location is excellent , food and choice is . . .
i am just back from a two week holiday and i have stayed in this hotel on four previous occasions . i paid €1680 for two weeks which was for bed and breakfast . firstly let me say the location of this hotel is superb . the cleaning . . .
overall a great hotel perfect location to be near to bars , restaurants and the beach but not too close to the very busy party strip of las americas . did the bed and breakfast option and great selection of buffet breakfasts couldn’t get bored of them . . .
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foam party once a week , great fun . inflatables once a week on main pool . no inflatables on the big pool at any other time . you can use your own for small children on the small pool .
the foam party and inflatables are usually only on wednesdays but check withv reception in case that has changed .
hi we are staying here in this month . can i ask if you have to pay for the fridge ? thankyou
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ella mai – boo ' d up ( remix ) ft . nicki minaj & quavo
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urltoken
please visit the link below and you will find a detailed map for the workshop , our direct telephone numbers and a simple contact form .
frontline villa , with amazing sea views . villa has been refurbished throughout . american kitchen . spacious lounge leading out on to large terrace , with bbq area and jacuzzi . unfurnished .
opportunity ! apartment with 2 bedrooms , 2 bath , large enclosed garage and terrace of 35m2 . located in the residential mirador de la gomera , all made with excellents materials . the complex has swimming pools and direct access to the beach of callao salvaje
here we offer a well presented 2 bedroom , 1 bathroom , groundfloor apartment at roque del conde . the apartment is wheelchair accessible and has view of the sea and la gomera . there is parking space in the secure communal garage and the apartment is to be sole fully furnished .
fantastic apartment with two balconys looking over the community pools . the property comprises of large lounge with american style kitchen , one bathroom and two good sized bedrooms . sold furnished .
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flotsam in excellent condition , situated near the sands of palm - mar . this sunken ship is 42 meters long . great for photographers , visibility is brutal , causing an environment and a difficult backlight to overcome . perfectly cleaned , it allows entrance to all cabins and interior spaces with ease . the aft mast rests 25 meters horizontally , while the mainmast lookout with the bucket provides the main attraction , being some 15 meters long . marauding amberjack and occasionally accompany us on the safety stop , curious dolphins that mimic our bubbling gameplay . 25 minutes below are more than enough for a thorough visit before entering decompression . easy and visual .
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. routes displayed are sorted depending on a performance indicator ( calculated from number of changes , expected duration , distance between an airport and the center of the city it serves . . . ) . you ' ll be able to :
american airlines schedules the flight from john f . kennedy international jfk airport ( located 13 mi from new york , united states ) to madrid ( serving adolfo - suárez de madrid - barajas mad airport )
delta air lines ensures the flight route from john f . kennedy international jfk airport ( located 13 mi from new york , united states ) to madrid ( serving adolfo - suárez de madrid - barajas mad airport )
virgin atlantic airways flies on the route from john f . kennedy international jfk airport ( located 13 mi from new york , united states ) to london ( serving heathrow lhr airport )
it is a impressive hotel facing the playa del camisón ( beach ) , with 535 rooms and suites : family rooms , communicating rooms , rooms with private pool and rooms overlooking the ocean , the pool or the teide mountain . these comfortable and spacious rooms transform the hotel mediterranean palace into the ideal place to spend an active holiday with your family , partner or friends .
choose the room in the hotel mediterranean palace that you prefer ! rooms with a pool on the balcony , communicating rooms , large suites for families .
at the mediterranean palace hotel , your amusement is endless , for both adults and children ! discover the mare nostrum resort activity program .
we are pleased to present the facilities for wellness and relaxation at the mare nostrum resort . a world of unique sensory experiences to make your stay in the resort the perfect excuse for a treat and taking care of yourself .
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idioma español afrikáans alemán árabe búlgaro catalán checo chino chino trad . coreano croata danés eslovaco esloveno estoniano finlandés francés griego hebreo hindi holandés húngaro indonesio inglés islandés italiano japonés kazaj letoniano lituaniano malayo noruego polaco portugués reserva cliente rumano ruso serbio serbo ( latino ) sueco tailandés turco ucraniano vietnamita
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a quality dive center located in playa de los cristianos with the . . .
a quality dive center located in playa de los cristianos with the folowing services : - padi and ssi dive courses of all ages and levels - dives ( single , day by boat and packs ) - exclusive rigid boat quer brand for 12 people - partner center aqualung - accomodation included in our pricesdive club with specil discounts , equipment´s keeper , special gifts , etc .
we cannot endorse the services of companies listed . we recommend that you only dive with dive centers that are accredited by a major diving association or by their local tourist authority .
ww2 german minesweeper used in later life as a dolphin viewing ship from los cristianos . has a wooden hull with good superstructure .
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popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more
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in this catalogue we have selected 28 items – one for each of the states of the current european union – that explore the history and idea o . . .
the dictionary is in three parts - part a contains preliminaries and entries a to f , part b contains entries g to r ; part c contains entries s to z ; and the bibliography relating to dictionary of early new zealand map - makers . to go to any part first click on contents above and in section a scroll down to dictionary of early new zealand
cook’s charts published in paris , in 1774 - 78 . translations into french of the accounts of the first and second voyages and freshly - engraved charts are found in , relation des voyages entrepris par order de sa majesté britannique , et successivement exécutés par la commodore byron , le capitaine carteret , le capitaine wallis & le capitaine cook , … tranduite de l’anglois [ by j . b . a . suard ] 9 vols ( paris : saillant et nyon , 1774 ) [ see plate xxi , tooley , 1970b , for the french version of cook ' s chart of new zealand ] voyage dans l’hémisphère austral , et autour du monde ; fait sur les vaisseaux de roi l’aventure & la resolution , en 1772 , 1773 , 1774 & 1775 . écrit par jacques cook … traduit de l’anglois . 6 vols .


chromexcel is registered trademark for a kind of aniline leather with a history of production that goes back over a century in the us .

the process of creating it requires " at least 89 separate processes taking 28 working days " at the horween leather company .

chromexcel

horween chromexcel can also be made in natural . the most popular chromexcel wallet is the
ebay – the amount of chromexcel available on ebay is always growing . search for “chromexcel piece” and it should give you some good results .
chromexcel is a massively popular leather right now . i asked phil kalas from horween about chromexcel and what makes it so unique and desirable on wearable products .
horween leather co . is essentially a custom shop . we will make any color a customer requests . on the standard chromexcel , again because of the high grease content , we are only able to achieve earth tones . to get brighter colors of chromexcel we created cavalier chromexcel . here is an example of the cavalier chromexcel in blue and red ( along with the earth toned colors of chromexcel ) .
this is very difficult question for me because , as i type this , i am using several products made of chromexcel . i like the alden brown chromexcel indy boots , wolverine 1000 mile boots in their new sueded chromexcel , oak street trail oxford in navy chromexcel , altadina works teardrop pack in natural chromexcel , and i carry a few products around i’ve made for ashland leather co . ( fat herbie wallet , key case , passport holder , key fob , belt ) in midnight blue cavalier chromexcel .
check this article that phil wrote to illustrate the difference between shell cordovan and chromexcel .
afaik it ' s chromexcel cow / calf that ' s been oil curried by hand , like shell cordovan or high quality bridle leathers . regular chromexcel is only drum stuffed .
springfield leather – great source for smaller portions of chromexcel and a variety of other horween tannages .
as a matter of fact you do . if you are still practicing or just looking to save a bit of money you can always purchase chromexcel seconds from maverick leather company . chromexcel seconds are just cuts that didnt pass horween’s rigorous final inspection . maverick leather company sells a full line of standard chromexcel , chromexcel seconds , and pages full of horween specials which can be chromexcel , dublin , or latigo . you do have to order by the side but the discounted prices make it more than worth the investment .
chromexcel is characterized by a rich pull - up in full aniline , hand rubbed finishes . made to this day with old world craftsmanship , modern chromexcel carries on a long history of superior comfort and durability .
edit : realized that we are talking about exotic leathers , not chromexcel variants . please excuse what i said .
beaufort is a variation of chromexcel® with a lower oil , wax and grease content for easier cementing / gluing adhesion .
qui , a horween worker , inspects chromexcel hides . the chrome tanning process turns the hides a baby blue color .
what do you think are the best ways to use chromexcel ? i understand people use it more as a wearable leather than a structural leather , but then i also know people who use it in bags . was chromexcel designed for certain usage ?
fine leatherworking – fine leatherworking is a great online shop for top quality tools as well as small quantities of premium chromexcel .
the chromexcel equine leathers i find are less prone to scratching than the bovine ones , but bother very tough and durable .
chromexcel is the original pull - up leather ; using time honored techniques and formulas that were developed nearly 100 years ago . chromexcel is still produced in the united states using a bark retannage from a proprietary recipe , and then genuine hot stuffed with our secret blend of natural oils and greases . chromexcel is characterized by a rich pull - up in full aniline , hand rubbed finishes . made to this day with old world craftsmanship , modern chromexcel carries on a long history of superior comfort and durability .
a quick video comparing brown chromexcel boots with brown shell cordovan boots . the actual boots in the video are 2 . 5 yr old allen edmonds bayfields in brown chromexcel and 2 . 5 yr old ralph lauren gianni in brown shell cordovan ( made by crockett and jones ) .
“i want to order specific colors of chromexcel , dublin , shell cordovan , latigo , etc . , how do i get that ? ”
you can read a very in - depth article on exactly how chromexcel is made here . nick horween did an excellent job describing the process .
i have some chromexcel wolverine 1000 miles boots that acquire a whitish waxy look if they sit for a while . what is that all about ?
chromexcel is the original pull - up leather ; using time honored techniques and formulas that were developed nearly 100 years ago . chromexcel is still produced in the united states using a bark retannage from a proprietary recipe , and then genuine hot stuffed with our secret blend of natural oils and greases .
chromexcel is available in a full range of weights – including 2 – 3 oz ( 0 . 8 – 1 . 2 mm ) horsefronts and side ( cowhide ) leather from 3 . 5 – 4 oz ( 1 . 4 – 1 . 6 mm ) up to 9 – 10 oz ( 3 . 6 – 4 . 0 mm ) . there are many variations of chromexcel , including versions that are cementable and waterproof . click here to read more about chromexcel .
we start out with horween ' s famous chromexcel . chromexcel is characterized by a rich pull - up in full aniline , hand rubbed finishes . made to this day with old world craftsmanship , modern chromexcel carries on a long history of superior comfort and durability . the beauty and durability of this leather is a perfect combination for our bifold wallet . the interior uses natural horween leather , and is finished off with a heatstamped gustin logo in the lower right - hand corner .
lucky for you there are a few options available for getting your feet wet with chromexcel . at the following websites you can purchase horween leather in small quantities :
one of the original intentions for the chromexcel leather was for usage in engine and motor seals . this is very cool because they were used for engine seals on tanks and other heavy equipment during world war ii . i personally like chromexcel on a wallet and footwear like a boat shoe because the leather will mold and flex to its contents . chromexcel is sometimes a poor choice for a bag because it does not hold its color very well . due to the high grease content , the dyes / stains used to color the leather become very mobile and have a tendency to rub off on light colored clothing . horween has developed some variations on the traditional chromexcel such as beaufort chromexcel that has a lower grease content . the result is better for color crocking and the leather is a little drier in feel .
chromexcel will scratch and scuff easily — any application where resilience is required i wouldn’t want to use chromexcel . i wouldn’t use chromexcel on any type of furniture / car interior or something that will be in the sunlight all day . the color would rub off on your clothes if it was a couch made of chromexcel ( although it would be ridiculously comfortable ) and the sunlight would fade the color without a special top coat sprayed on the leather . i also believe that too much of a good thing is a bad thing . variety is good ! a lot of people dislike the look of chromexcel because it is a rugged / american type of aesthetic . there is a big prevalence for the polar opposite of this aesthetic : textured italian leather . neither is really better or worse but they are just a different aesthetic .
while chromexcel specifically is only made by horween , there are tanneries that make other aniline / pullup leathers . in my experience though , horween cxl is the best .
it seems in the past couple of years there has been an increased demand for leather from your tannery , often citing chromexcel as one of the best leathers to use .
phil kalas works at the horween tannery and also owns ashland leather , which works primarily with chromexcel and shell cordovan . check out some of his classy and durable creations here .
chromexcel is the classic “pull - up” leather meaning that , when folded and flexed , greases that were impregnated into the skin migrate causing a very nice tonal effect . it also has a very bright luster or can be left unpolished to have more of a matte finish look . chromexcel is a very versatile leather and is often found in boat shoes , classic shoe styles from alden and allen edmonds , and many belts and small leather goods . chromexcel has a “refined ruggedness” and will quickly develop character and having similar aesthetics to your grandfather’s old wallet very quickly .
caring for chromexcel is very easy using saphir ' s greasy leather cream . designed to both condition and recolor chromexcel , the cream has a very light , oily texture and applies easily using either your fingers or a chamois . because it has a very light pigment , it is not necessary to
perfectly
match the color . if your chromexcel shoes are brown , the brown greasy leather cream will work just fine . if you are worried about changing the color of your shoes , use the neutral ( note : neutral will not recolor any scuffs or discolorations ) .
chromexcel , or cxl as it’s written in the building , is a combination tanned leather that undergoes at least 89 separate processes taking 28 working days and utilizing all 5 floors of our facility .
pull - up leather ( chromexcel ) - pull - up leather refers to the temporary separation of oils and dyes in leather when creased , stretched , or pulled up on . this results in a beautiful texture in color . all our pull - up leather is horween ' s exclusive chromexcel , richly touted as an incredibly beautiful , supple , and well - aging leather . from horween :
one of horween’s best sellers over the past few years is chromexcel . they ' ve been making this since 1911 and it’s been put to all sorts of uses – many second world war tanks had engine gaskets made from chromexcel - but it’s more popular than ever , for some very good reasons . more and more leather goods artisans are taking advantage of its unique look and feel to create some amazing products .
as good as it looks , though , it’s when you get your hands on it that the quality really shines through . chromexcel is amazingly supple , and molds itself easily to anything you keep in it . it’s never stiff or uncomfortable . a case made of chromexcel will accommodate what it’s meant to hold without binding or sticking , and it feels great under your hands too . soft yet resilient , it’s pleasant to hold in any temperature and won’t turn slippery in the rain – the hot - stuffing process gives it excellent water shedding properties . if you want leather you’ll be happy to use every day it’s hard to beat chromexcel .
saphir greasy leather cream is designed to both condition and recolor oiled leathers , such as horween ' s chromexcel . these leathers are infused with oils during the tanning process and are distinguished for their rugged , natural look .
you ' re not correct . firstly because the various chromexcel tannage processes can be applied to any sort of hide . secondly because alden ' s kudu , most commonly found on the 404 is calfskin , not antelope .
now that we have the canvas ready , we can start the finishing process . chromexcel receives several hand - rubbed coats of aniline ( non - pigmented ) finish - this type of dye application allows for even staining of the hide
kudu is just a chromexcel variant . there are small differences in the tannage process between the cxl variants . horween produces a list of their leathers and how they are tanned , it ' s probably linked in this thread somewhere .
chromexcel is available in a full range of weights – including 2 – 3 oz ( 0 . 8 – 1 . 2 mm ) horsefronts and side ( cowhide ) leather from 3 . 5 – 4 oz ( 1 . 4 – 1 . 6 mm ) up to 9 – 10 oz ( 3 . 6 – 4 . 0 mm ) . there are many variations of chromexcel , including versions that are cementable and waterproof . please contact us for more information or for a full list of tannages .
horween ' s kudu tannage process is a chromexcel variant similar in procedure to how shell cordovan is tanned . the kudu tanned leather from horween used by alden is calfskin . it is billed as being very tough wearing , however i have no experience with the leather .
when you purchase a product made from chromexcel leather , you can expect that it will last longer than most of the other leather options that you have available to you . horween don’t believe in making disposable items , which is just one more reason why they have been able to stay at the top of the industry for more than 100 years . the process that goes into producing chromexcel is complicated , but the result is simply a better type of leather that will , like horween , very much stand up to the test of time .
the rich aniline and semi - aniline finishes showcase the grain of the leather . chromexcel ' s careful tanning process also ensures a comfort feel and durability for you and your customers . not only does it look good but it is able to withstand repeated wettings and still dry soft .
for the most part , the leather is complete at this point , and it ' s ready to be sorted , graded , packed , and shipped . the last step for chromexcel is coat of neatsfoot oil , so when people ask me how to condition this leather , that ' s always my first recommendation .
chromexcel is very popular right now and it is fun to remember that this leather has been around for over 100 years ! we have developed some new products in the last few years that people will love like essex and dublin . these products are made using the same tanning extracts that we use in the shell cordovan — amazing stuff .
shell cordovan is vastly regarded as the finest leather in the world because of its bright luster , non - creasing grain character , great leather smell , durability , and ability to develop and keep these characteristics over time . however , it should not be overlooked by other leathers like chromexcel . both have their own unique qualities and values .
saphir greasy leather cream is designed for oiled leathers , such as horween ' s chromexcel . these leathers are infused with oils during the tanning process and are distinguished for their rugged , natural look . most often used for hiking , mountain , and boat shoes , oiled leathers are typically a dark brown or reddish - brown and never waxed .
so why go through this long and complicated process , when almost all leather on the market is faster , easier – and , yes , cheaper – to make ? to answer that question you need to touch , handle and appreciate chromexcel . even its looks stand out ; it’s a “pull - up” leather , so creases and flexes add character as the stuffing oils redistribute themselves within the hide . hard use doesn’t leave it looking tired and shabby – it just makes it even more distinctive . chromexcel can be shined to a high gloss or left with a more subtle luster , as you prefer , and the oil and wax imparted by hot - stuffing mean any scuffs can be easily buffed out .
the horween leather company has set the standard for the highest quality leathers since 1905 . we offer a wide range of tannages from our vegetable tanned genuine shell cordovan to sport leathers and footwear leathers , such as chromexcel . as always , all of our leather is processed at our location on the corner of elston and ashland in chicago , illinois , usa .
some info from here horween leather options with shell you will realise is has no ' grain ' at all . neither does it crease like typical cow leather dublin is said to be made using the same formula for shell cordovan , but with cow leather chromexcel is first chrome tanned , then retanned again like veggie tanned leathers and finally stuffed with waxes all 3 are actually heavily stuffed with oil and waxes so they all should exhibit ' pull up ' effects . they may scuff easily but most scuffs could be removed with ease too . some care guides for shell and chromexcel in here urltoken there are also cordovan , which i suppose is horse skin in general . only ' shell cordovan ' is used to name those horse arses from horween
chromexcel is a pull - up leather which highlights the contours and folds of the piece you ' re making , giving it a more dynamic character than regular flat looking full - grain leather . because it is impregnated with a secret blend of oils ( a tradition dating back over 90 years ) , it has a long lasting glow to it that never wears with age .
we live in a time where shortcuts are routinely taken in the production of materials , with the end result being a lesser product . that we have come to accept this as the norm is a little sad , but horween are not a company that subscribes to that way of doing business . you need only look at the chromexcel process to see just how involved it really is .
chromexcel is a horween leather known for it ' s pull - up characteristics , nice wrinkling patterns , and deeply conditioned finish . a pull - up leather is a leather that changes colour when subjected to pressure from the inside . pull up leathers allow for easy treatment of scuffs . it ' s made from both horsehide and cowhides and is a very tough , hard wearing leather .
ahh sweet , sweet horween leather . from the waxy chromexcel to the flawless grain of shell cordovan . no where else in the world can you source such a wide variety of unique leather for projects of all types . getting started with horween leathers can seem a little daunting but today we will try to set you on the right path by showing you some options for buying your first batch .
once the basic chrome tanning has been done the hides are hand - inspected , a step that includes sorting them by weight and weeding out any blemishes . then the real magic starts . chrome - tanned leather is durable and supple , but it doesn ' t have a lot of character . chromexcel has bags of character , because there’s a lot more to come after the initial tanning is finished .
once the leather has been hot - stuffed it’s hung up to cool and air dry , which takes up to a week . then it’s ready to be dyed . chromexcel is colored by hand - rubbing with multiple coats of pigment . as well as giving it a deep , even color this contributes to its rich patina . finally it’s dried again ; now , at last , it’s ready to be used .
chromexcel is leather ( usually cow , but can be horse too ) that ' s tanned twice . first veg tanned , and then chrome tanned . this lets it retain the oils , and gives it a beautiful , smooth finish . it ' s a pullup leather , which means that unlike most other leathers , it gets lighter with age . this is because the oils wear away at the stress points .
the key to chromexcel unique feel is vegetable retanning , which enhances the benefits of chrome tanning while overcoming its drawbacks . it’s possible to make leather using vegetable tanning alone , and the result feels amazing , but using both – “combination tanning” – makes for a more durable end product . horween use a carefully guarded blend of bark extracts for the retanning stage and the result is a soft but tough leather that’s returned to its natural color .
the hallway outside skip and nick’s offices is lined with framed pieces of super bowl game balls . the tannery is full of memorabilia , which nick often photographs for the company blog . he’s discovered decades - old customer lists with names like chrysler , studebaker and john deere , which once used horween leather for seals and gaskets . producing this “mechanical leather , ” along with chromexcel for shoes worn by the marine corps , kept the tannery busy during world war ii .
the horween leather company has been around since 1905 , which would lead many people to assume that they must have made numerous changes to the way in which they do business in order to survive for such a long period of time in a competitive market . you might well be surprised to learn that their most famous tanning process , known as chromexcel , is done almost identically to the way it was done when the process was first put into lace back in 1911 .
chromexcel has a very high oil / wax / grease content . the whitish waxy look is what we call “bloom” . what is happening is that the wax starts to come to the surface causin g a cloudy / hazy look . you can very easily wipe this off or brush it to a very nice shine with a horsehair brush . no shoe polish required ! bloom is a desirable characteristic as it means that the leather is properly nourished with greases / oils / wax .
when you are looking for specific colors , tannage , or source type ( horse , cow , bison , calf ) and are ready to buy at least 1 side you can contact horween’s direct - to - consumer wing called tannery row . be advised that there are usually substantial lead times . anywhere from a few weeks for standard chromexcel to 6 - 9 months for shell cordovan . make sure you ask about the lead time on your order so you can plan accordingly .
there are many varieties of chromexcel at this point - wooly , beaufort , cavalier , plainsman , huntsman , kudu , and horsefront , to name some . all have been developed with specific uses and attributes in mind , but all share many of the same processes and formulas as the original formula , and all are made by the same skilled and experienced craftsman . i say it all the time , and i can ' t say it enough - ultimately the quality of our product relies on our tremendously capable employees .
there have been some very subtle changes made to the chromexcel way of doing things , but those tend to be more on the use of specific ingredients , as opposed to the process itself . for example , whale oil was commonly used as one of the ingredients , but horween decided that a new , more available and less controversial , oil be used in the production of this specific type of leather . think of it as a great recipe that has to be slightly altered when one or more ingredient is no longer available . you don’t notice any real difference at the end , especially if time is taken to ensure that the proper replacement is used .
chromexcel . one of my favorites , and probably my single favorite if i had to choose one . the picture above gives some idea of how long the formula has been around ( and this journal is full of different trials and doesn ' t even contain the original , standardized recipe ) . whether because it ' s right , or because we ' re just terribly stubborn , we ' ve left the processes and formulas for many of our leathers largely unchanged . we have had to substitute some of the components that were traditionally used in small quantities - whale oil was replaced with another marine - creature derived oil , one that ' s more available and not controversial .
this is where it starts to get interesting . wet blue hides are sorted for initial quality so that the proper
selections
are made - for grain character , weight / thickness , scratches , scars , brands , etc . next comes retanning , and it ' s where the secrets begin . specific and proprietary mixes of bark extracts and natural agents are used to give chromexcel , and many of our leathers , its heavy vegetable retannage . the benefit of combination tanning comes from the specific attributes that both chrome and vegetable tanning impart . generally , chrome tanned leathers yield soft , supple , and durable leathers , while vegetable tanned leathers are round and full feeling , patina well , and are easy to coax into shapes using heat and moisture .
chromexcel is essentially a process , not a leather . i have i think 6 or 7 different types of horween chmxl in my shop - both bovine and equine leathers . horween calls it the ' original pullup leather ' , and true i have some bovine chmxl with some of the most dramatic pullup you ' ll ever see , but i also have some equine chmxl with almost no pullup , and it is really beautiful stuff . it is the leather that is attached to the sinew that eventually becomes shell cordovan - it is tanned with the shells for the first few weeks , and then it is seperated and finished on it ' s own . beautiful satin lustre , tough as nails but supple and pliable , requiring no break in period .
if your leather is stiff , good way to go about breaking in your new boat shoes is to get them wet . after all , they are meant to be worn around boats . put on your shoes , get them wet and then let them dry wearing them . others prefer to apply oil to their boat shoes until they are saturated . then they wrap them in newspaper and let them dry in the shade . the oil will soften the leather which in turn will allow you to break them in without the pain . the chromexcel leather has already undergone this softening process with natural oils , so you can definitely skip that step . bear in mind , though , everything you do to break in your new shoes is done at your own risk .
the processes for making horween’s signature leathers like shell cordovan and chromexcel , a rich and versatile cowhide , can’t be rushed . shell cordovan comes from the inner membrane of the horse posterior . the horse butts are draped over rods and submerged in “pits , ” or low pools filled with horween’s proprietary vegetable tanning solution made from tree barks , for 30 days . after tanning , the hides are carefully shaved , a process that exposes the outline of the inner membrane , and steeped in a second pit of stronger solution for another 30 days . when they come out , they’re hand - oiled . then , after a three - month rest , they have to be re - wet and shaved again on a machine whose blade is controlled with a foot pedal .
this is true — we have seen peaked interest in our products . many americans are appreciating having one really nice thing as opposed to ten inexpensive , less nice things . further , there is a great demand in the apparel industry and other industries , like food , to know where your product comes from . there are not many american tanneries left and horween fills these needs .
a love for the symbolism of quality motivates me to enjoy the excellence of these products . i hope my labors are helpful to you . most photos are shot with a canon 6d and l glass and are not edited for color . what you see is what you get .
after dehairing the mixer is
limed
( actually re - limed at this point ) to manage the reaction and then drained and washed . all of the water that we use , we treat . we have a fully functioning , epa compliant , city of chicago monitored , effluent treatment plant . and , being responsible and ethical producers , we take that very seriously .
the next step is
hot stuffing
- that is , the impregnation of the hides with oils , waxes , and greases that are solid at room temperature . stuffing is achieved through the use of steamed mills , and is the process that is responsible for the
pull - up
of this leather . pull - up is the temporary displacement of these oil and wax blends that cause a lightening of the leather . our philosophy that you need to use the best components to make the best leather is particularly evident in this department , where we create blends using products like food - grade beef tallow and cosmetic - grade beeswax .
horween leather company was founded in 1905 . for more than 100 years and five generations our goal has been to make the world ' s best leather . making the best means doing lots of little things right . it means never mistaking fastest or cheapest with the best . it means always using formulas that do not cut corners , and choosing components strictly for their quality .
horween leather offers an unparalleled blend of quality , consistency , responsiveness , and innovation . through the years , we have cultivated our experience to offer dynamic lines of leathers . our products include traditional , old world tannages and techniques , carefully updated with modern applications . today , our leathers are still made by hand , the same way as generations ago .
this specialized leather is treated with our own proprietary tannage and extracts , giving it the high performance characteristics demanded by professionals and amateurs alike . our unique tanned in tack ® provides excellent grip in all conditions , and can be revived by simply brushing the ball .
official football leather is a very important leather to us . this leather was developed and produced by arnold horween sr . after playing football professionally and head coaching the harvard football team . we’ve produced football leather continuously for more than 70 years .
we’re proud to produce the finest football , basketball , and ball glove leathers . we extend to this line the tradition of excellence and quality that all of our products are founded upon . we have had the opportunity to work with top sporting goods manufacturers to develop these leathers . our philosophy that the best leather is part of the best product translates very well into a market where skilled athletes view their equipment as precision tools . we’ve been diligent and thorough in producing these special leathers where no detail has been overlooked .
horween genuine shell cordovan® is the art of tanning at its finest . more than just a color , it is a very specific leather , from a particular part of a horsehide . the irregular oval shaped shells are tanned , stuffed , shaved , and then polished – a process taking at least six months . each shell is slowly steeped in gentle vegetable liquors . the shells are genuine hot stuffed then slicked onto glass frames to dry . each shell is hand curried and shaved by highly skilled artisans to expose the shell . dyes are hand rubbed on for a deep aniline finish . finally , the shells are hand glazed to achieve the rich , glossy look and feel prized by fine craftsmen .
essex is a vegetable tanned side leather that utilizes the same traditional tanning extracts as our genuine shell cordovan . essex , and its waxed versions , dublin and derby , took us nearly three years to develop and perfect . this tannage is marked by a high oil content and ages beautifully over time . the essex family of leather is very versatile and can be used in a wide variety of products .
our ball glove leather is a straight chrome tannage and is designed to meet the demanding expectations of professional athletes . this tannage is specifically formulated to yield the strength , durability , and temper that are ideal for repetitive use . only the very finest full grain hides are selected for this fully aniline , oiled leather .
we should take the best of everything ; the best hides , the best oils , the best dyes and finishes – then we do whatever it takes to make that leather the best . the price goes on last , and if we cannot sell it for what it is worth , we should not make that leather
making the best means doing a lot of little things right . to ensure top quality finished goods , we start with top quality components . that means using native hides for the best grain and yields , premium grade oils , dyes , and retanning agents . our formulas cut no corners , and we are one of only a handful of tanneries in the united states that still processes hides from their raw , cured state to finished leather .
we should take the best of everything ; the best hides , the best oils , the best dyes and finishes – then we do whatever it takes to make that leather the best . the price goes on last , and if we cannot sell it for what it is worth , we should not make that leather .
“ we always felt there was a right way and a wrong way to make fine leather . it takes us at least six months to make a cordovan shell . our cordovan could probably be made faster , and people might not even be able to tell the difference… but i can . ”
“as tanneries go we’re not the biggest , the fastest , or the cheapest , which means we need to be the best . our business is built on doing things other people don’t , won’t , or can’t . ”
“quality must be more than a word . it doesn’t belong to one company or one country , it doesn’t happen by chance , and it requires constant attention . it’s a contract between seller and buyer – an agreement that something is good and worth having . our greatest enemy is the phrase ‘it’s good enough’ . ”
“our mission has always been to produce the highest quality product for our customers . it’s an honor to continue that tradition by making the best leather we can . when you put your name on something it has to be exactly right . ”
2015 north elston avenue | | chicago , il 60614 | | tel . ( 773 ) 772 2026 | | fax ( 773 ) 772 9235
shell cordovan was originally produced to hone straight razors as it was used for razor strops in the early 1900 ' s . it has been made on a daily basis in chicago by horween since 1905 . shell cordovan is like a great wine that only gets better with age , except you can drink it every single day .
it ' s definitely the best leather to use in any small leather good , especially for a wallet . the action your pocket has on the wallet with daily use leads to a polishing effect which allows the vegetable tanned shell cordovan to develop an amazing patina over time . as mentioned above , shell cordovan has a very beautiful mirror - like luster which can be brought back forever using different polishing methods . at ashland leather co . we use a modified version of the mac method to polish our wallets , along with saphir cordovan creme — this involves moisture , a lot of brushing , and a very small amount of polish .
the fat herbie double bifold below in natural shell cordovan will give the most dramatic patina of any leather .
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we use traditional techniques to make beautiful , useful and nearly indestructible leather products . wear them well .
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urltoken
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normal waxed shoe polishes are not appropriate for use on oiled leather because their waxes would completely change the look of the leather . to nourish and renew oiled leathers , saphir greasy leather cream should be exclusively used .
saphir greasy leather cream is available in three colors : neutral , brown , and black . the brown polish contains a light pigment that will not
recolor
shoes but rather just fill in the finish ; therefore , it is not necessary to achieve a
perfect match
with the brown saphir greasy leather cream like it would be a cream polish for a pair of calfskin dress shoes .
directions . first , clean your shoes using either a damp cloth or saphir leather cleaning soap . if you have previously applied a waxed polish , remove it using saphir reno ' mat . allow the leather to dry , then apply a small amount of greasy leather cream onto your fingers or a chamois and massage into the leather using circular motions . once complete , allow to dry for 10 minutes . no buffing required .
handset icon made by gregor cresnar from urltoken is licensed by cc 3 . 0 by
for over 90 years , we’ve used the same artisanal hot - stuffing formula to infuse these leathers with an oil and wax blend to create an extremely rich and durable leather , which is then hand - stained . this heritage leather features the natural leather grain , exhibits a rich pull - up , and retains softness and color for generations .
got two sides of horween seconds that were great ! barely anything to make them seconds . great leather for an awesome price . i’ll be ordering more soon .
excellent to deal with . prompt response to messages and quick shipping . best of all , the hides are beautiful . i ordered a side of burgundy horween illini latigo last week – it’s just arrived and it’s perfect . thanks erin !
the quality of the leather here is impressive . i found exactly what i needed and it was shipped right away , these guys really know their stuff .
i ordered several sides from maverick and was very impressed with the friendly staff and their patience when i had questions . the leather is beautiful and i will definitely order more from them !
amazing leather and so easy to work with . i’ve only ordered three hides so far and i’ll be ordering two more this week because they have been so stunning and affordable . i’ve been torn between wanting other leather workers to order from maverick so they stay around and wanting to make sure the hides i want are available ! good conflict to have because they are such a great company . really appreciate their presence in the leather world .
e - mail : a . wieberg @ urltoken hours : monday - friday 9am - 4pm cdt
© 2018 maverick leather company - we try our best to make sure each photo is as close to the true color as possible . despite color and lighting adjustments , all digital photos may vary from monitor to monitor . - developed by witzend consulting
the horween leather company is proud of the fact that it hasn ' t updated its techniques in over a hundred years . most recent developments in leather tanning are all about cost and efficiency ; horween have other priorities . they ' ve been making high quality , naturally tanned leather since 1905 and they’re quite happy with the way it’s working out for them . when isadore horween founded the company back then he had a simple philosophy about quality :
“the price goes on last , and if we cannot sell it for what it is worth , we should not make that leather . ”
modern leather is usually tanned with synthetic chemical solutions , most often a solution of chrome salts – up to 80 % of all leather uses this process . chrome tanning can be done in a day and the leather it produces is easily dyed . higher quality leather is often tanned with aldehydes ; automobile upholstery and many expensive shoes are usually made with this type of leather . unfortunately real vegetable - tanned leather has become scarce and hard to find – but not at horween leather company .
all horween leather is still traditionally vegetable - tanned the old - fashioned way . it’s one of the few tanneries in the usa that still does the whole process in - house , starting with raw , cured hides and handling every stage between there and the end product . from selecting flawless , unblemished native hides to delivering a piece of perfectly tanned leather can take two months or more , depending on the exact process used . horween produce several styles of leather for different types of products but the quality is always the same .
© 2018 popov leather check out our sister company orange bridge supply co . for personalized keychains and bracelets !
review : thursday boot co . president boots - a gorgeous alternative to mainline heritage brands
we compare the nuance differences between two of the top leathers in the world made by the world famous horween tannery and used in many of the handmade products from da luca .
complete leather watch strap guide pt . 1 : styles & history - nato , lined , panerai , rally styles
pricing and availability are based on tannage , weight ( thickness ) , and order quantity . all leather is made to order - please contact us for more information .
this specialized leather is treated with our own proprietary tannage and extracts , giving it the high performance characteristics demanded by professionals and amateurs alike . the unique “tanned in tack” provides excellent grip in all conditions , and can be revived by simply brushing the ball .
genuine shell cordovan is the art of tanning at its finest . more than just a color , it is a very specific leather , from a particular part of a horsehide . the irregular oval shaped shells are tanned , stuffed , shaved , and then polished – a process taking at least six months . each shell is slowly steeped in gentle vegetable liquors . the shells are genuine hot stuffed then slicked onto glass frames to dry . each shell is hand curried and shaved by highly skilled artisans to expose the shell . dyes are hand rubbed on for a deep aniline finish . finally , the shells are hand glazed to achieve the rich , glossy look and feel prized by fine craftsmen .
, including the history of boat shoes , their characteristics , where to buy them , how to break them in , how to take care of them as well as how to wear them to best effect with the rest of your wardrobe .
the video is a bit more comprehensive than the written guide , so make sure to watch it . if you like it , please give us a thumbs up and share it . thank you very much !
the boat shoe , also known as the deck shoe and top - sider , has followed the well - trodden path from being purely work / utility wear to becoming a truly classic piece of men’s footwear ( and women’s , too ) . in 1980 , with the publication of the official preppy handbook by lisa birnbach the boat shoe began to be identified as an essential and integral part of the preppy style . boat shoes , however , are not just restricted to preppies but have been adopted by a large number of people and are a staple in many wardrobes . due to their unique design and construction they are not just great for boat decks but the perfect footwear for summer months .
before the advent of the modern boat shoe , sailors and boatmen alike struggled to maintain a firm foothold on the slippery decks of their boats . the shoes available to them were just not up to the task and as one can imagine this lead to frequent accidents , not to mention hilarious and embarrassing situations .
in the early 1930s , paul sperry , an ardent sailor , and boater , was struggling with this problem in his everyday life . one winter day in connecticut he took his dog , a cocker spaniel named prince , out for a romp and was amazed by prince’s grip while running across ice . the traction he managed to generate on the slippery surfaced intrigued him . paul figured that it had something to do with the pads of prince’s feet . upon closer examination he realized the cracks and grooves on prince’s feet formed a herringbone - like pattern that gave him grip . sperry then hit upon the idea of cutting similar patterns on the soles of the shoes he used while boating .
siping , the u . s . navy & u . s . rubber company
traditionally have mid - to dark - brown leather uppers . today , uppers are available in both canvas and leather in various colors and patterns .
traditionally feature a 360 - degree lacing system but are also available in other styles .
laces are traditionally made of the same materials as the uppers . now available with conventional laces .
traditionally have white , non - marking rubber soles ; however they are now available in a variety of colors .
there are numerous ways to categorize boat shoes , but since the originals came from the u . s . , i created a list of
boat shoes that have a focus on quality and heritage , as well as a category for foreign companies , designer boat shoes , etc .
apart from the obvious , when out boating , boat shoes can be worn in a variety of ways . in everyday wear , they can replace your sneakers and loafers . one point on which there has been much - heated debate is whether they should be worn with or without socks . boat shoes were originally meant to be worn without socks ( for practically while boating ) but in an urban setting , according to one school of thought , they should be worn with socks . however , most people do not wear them with socks , and this contentious issue is best left to your personal preferences and comfort since at the end of the day there is no right or wrong answer . if you are concerned that your bare feet will sweat too much , but you don’t like the look of socks , you may want to try a cotton insert .
some purists only wear either the sperry top - sider ( more specifically either the original boat shoe in classic brown or the billfish 3 – eye in dark tan ) , or the quoddy men’s boat shoe . these styles most resemble paul sperry’s original design . however , there are a variety of high - quality manufacturers who offer comparable models ( see table above ) . for those less concerned with the traditional look , boat shoes are available in an array of colors and pattern combinations which allow you to wear whatever suits your style best . these interesting videos show how quoddy and rancourt produce their boat shoes in maine : urltoken urltoken