codesup is a private corporation in pudahuel , santiago , chile founded by local private companies of pudahuel in order to aim for sustainable development in particular in social , economic and environmental areas .

codesup

maven repository : net . codesup . utilities » base - n - codec » 1 . 0 . 0
maven repository : net . codesup . util » jaxb - expression - plugin » 1 . 1 . 0
maven repository : net . codesup . util » jaxb - delegate - plugin » 1 . 1 . 0
maven repository : net . codesup . util » jaxb2 - rich - contract - plugin » 1 . 6 . 5
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urltoken
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you ' re on a datepicker field . the down arrow will move you into the calendar table , where you can use the arrow keys to select the date , and use enter to make your selection . press escape to leave the datepicker . if you want to enter the date manually , the preferred format is : day ( in two digits ) - month ( in three - letter abbreviation ) - year ( in four digits ) . be sure your arrival date is within the next year .
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provides a number of plugins for the jaxb ( java api for xml binding ) xml - schema - to - java compiler ( xjc ) , that enhance the generated source code with various and configurable aspects , like
fluent builder
patterns , generating interface contracts from group and attributegroup declarations , generating javabeans ( tm ) bound and constrained properties , copy methods and - constructors , selective object graph copying , meta data generation etc .
small utility library to encode binary data to a representation with arbitrary radix . any given alphabet can be used as a grammar for the encoding .
jaxb plugin to generate arbitrary methods into xjc - generated classes that evaluate expressions in any programming language on the instance of the generated target class .
jaxb xjc plugin to generate real business logic methods inside generated classes . the implementation of the methods is done by generating delegation code to a corresponding utility class or an instance delegate .
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warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
kara joyner , h . elizabeth peters , kathryn hynes , asia sikora , jamie rubenstein , and michael s . rendall
because of the importance of research on fathers in today’s policy debates , in the mid 1990s , the federal interagency forum on child and family statistics established working groups to develop recommendations for improving data and research on male fertility and fathering ( federal interagency forum on child and family statistics 1998 ) . this task force emphasized the need to include men in cycle 6 of the national survey of family growth ( nsfg ) and informed the collection of information on fathers in several recent surveys , including the 2002 nsfg and the 1997 cohort of the national longitudinal survey of youth ( nlsy97 ) . these data sets are widely used today to study topics such as men’s transition to fatherhood ( e . g . , hynes et al . 2008 ) and multi - partner fertility ( e . g . , guzzo and furstenberg 2007 ; manlove et al . 2008 ) .
the national maternal and infant health survey ( nmihs ) asked a large representative sample of women with live births during the year of 1988 to report the age of the father of their child , allowing researchers to estimate the number of births to men of different ages during that calendar year . lindberg and colleagues ( 1998 ) combined nmihs information on fathers’ ages with data from the u . s . census bureau to estimate nonmarital fertility rates for teen men in the population . they used the nmihs estimates to externally evaluate young men’s fertility reports from the 1988 and 1991 waves of the national survey of adolescent males ( nsam ) . for the calendar year of 1988 , they estimated a birth rate of 16 . 4 per 1000 unmarried teen men based on the nmihs and 14 . 1 based on young men’s self - reports in the nsam . the ratio of these rates indicates that as many as 87 . 8 % of unmarried teen births were reported by men in the nsam .
the more complete reports found in nsam could reflect the fact that the interval between the birth and the interview in which fertility histories were first collected was considerably shorter than in other surveys . nsam’s more complete reports could also reflect its innovative approach to collecting information about fertility . respondents were first asked to recall various sexual partners and then asked whether they had children with each partner . collecting fertility data within the context of relationship histories is intended to improve recall and appears to have been effective ( lindberg et al . 1998 ) .
while both nsam and the nsfg collected information about births within the contexts of relationships , nsam obtained more complete reporting of births to teen men than did the nsfg . however , the assessments of male fertility data in these two surveys differ in some important respects . for instance , lindberg and colleagues ( 1998 ) relied on two waves of data to construct teen fertility rates .
by using parallel measures of male fertility across different surveys , a single method for estimating male fertility in the population , and analogous subgroups , we can make explicit comparisons of the quality of data across surveys . these comparisons allow us to identify aspects of surveys that improve the quality of male fertility data . furthermore , these comparisons offer us indicators of data quality in the nlsy79 and nlsy97 , data sets that are widely used but have not been evaluated against an external standard .
even a survey with adequate representation of men and closely - spaced interviews would have incomplete reporting of men’s births if some men do not know about the birth of their children . the fragile families and child wellbeing study offers clues about men’s awareness of their paternity . for example , fragile families asked unmarried mothers about their relationship with the father at the time of the birth . only 1 % of women could not identify the father of the birth , and another 9 % had little or no contact with the father ; the remainder of women reported they were in a friendship , marriage , or cohabiting relationship at the time of the birth ( carlson , mclanahan , england , and devaney 2005 ) . if we take an extreme position and assume mothers with little or no contact with the biological father at the time of the birth did not ever tell the father about the pregnancy , these results suggest that , at most , 10 % of biological fathers may not be aware that they have a child . it is likely that some of these mothers did tell the fathers about the pregnancy , bringing the true share below 10 % .
in order to evaluate the quality of male fertility data , we compare age - specific fertility rates ( asfrs ) in surveys to population rates based on data from the vital statistics and the u . s . census bureau . these rates are calculated similarly to those for women in the population ( e . g . , hinde 1998 ; morgan , botev , chen , and huang 1999 ; preston et al . 2001 ) . we calculate the fertility rate at age x ( f x ) for men as follows :
where b x is the number of births to men age x , and p x is the number of men age x in the population . we calculate asfrs that correspond to either periods or birth cohorts , depending on the focal survey , as we explain later . we estimate rates for all men and for different subgroups defined by race and marital status . we use birth certificate and population data that extend from 1972 to 2006 in order to cover the years that respondents in the surveys were at risk of having a birth .
while the calculation of asfrs is relatively straightforward , generating reliable estimates of b x and p x from the survey data and from the population data requires some assumptions . we first describe our methods for calculating the asfrs from these data sources . we then discuss our assumptions and potential biases they may introduce .
we use multivariate imputation by chained equations ( allison 2001 ) to impute missing fathers’ ages for each calendar year of risk based on other information on the birth certificate : age of the mother , race of the mother , education of the mother , and race of the father . typically , mothers who fail to report the age of fathers also fail to report their race . to impute the number of births to men of different racial groups , we assume that the race of the father , when missing , is the same as that of the mother . 2
following the national center for health statistics’ procedures used for women , we compute marital - specific estimates of the number of men in the population by applying marital rates from the current population survey ( cps ) to our census estimates ( nchs 2004 ; king et al . 2009 ) . for instance , to estimate the number of married black men aged 18 in 2002 , we multiply the proportion that is married ( using three - year moving averages from the cps ) by the number of men in this group ( from the census data ) . 3
calculating fertility rates for the surveys similarly requires the number of births in the numerator and the number of men or women at risk in the denominator . for each survey , we create files of person - years lived by respondents to calculate fertility rates at each age from 15 to 24 . the denominator includes the weighted number of respondents who contribute observations to a given age , and the numerator includes the weighted number of births to these respondents . in some analyses , we stratify age - specific fertility rates by race and marital status , using measures comparable to those used for the population . for instance , we estimate a nonmarital birth rate at the age of 18 by including the weighted number of single births to men at this age as the numerator and the weighted number of men who are single in the middle of this age interval in the denominator .
we use data from the nlsy79 , the nlsy97 , and the 2002 nsfg . all three data sets include substantial minority over - samples that facilitate the estimation of race - specific fertility rates ; sampling weights for all three surveys adjust statistics so that samples are representative of their sampling frames .
the nlsy79 is a longitudinal survey that began with a representative sample of 14 to 21 - year - old men and women in 1979 . respondents were interviewed annually until 1996 and biennially since that time . our analysis is based on data from the 1979–1995 interviews , allowing us to create person - years files for all respondents that extend through age 25 . although the initial sample represents the civilian , noninstitutionalized population , the nlsy79 follows respondents if they become incarcerated or join the military , whenever possible .
both men and women in the nlsy79 were asked questions about their fertility behavior in each of the interviews . at the first interview , respondents were asked , “how many children , altogether , have ( you ever given birth to / you ever had ) at any time , not counting babies that were dead at birth ? ” respondents who reported having any children were asked the dates of birth for each child . in subsequent rounds , the surveys alternated between updating from the previous survey ( 1980–1981 ; 1983–1994 ) and having respondents re - list any children they had ever had ( 1982 ; 1983 if missed the 1982 interview ) . the nlsy79 provides constructed fertility variables that incorporate several years of cleaning and editing ( center for human resource research 2006 ) .
the nlsy79 also includes detailed information about each respondent’s marital history , including start and end dates of marriages and a measure of current marital status at each interview . the marital context of each birth is identified indirectly by examining respondents’ marital status in the month the child was born .
cycle 6 of the nsfg is , in contrast , a cross - sectional sample of women and men aged 15 to 45 in 2002 ( lepkowski , mosher , and davis 2006 ) . this cycle of the nsfg was the first to include men , but collected information on fertility using different instruments for men and women . cycle 6 collects information on male fertility with reference to specific sexual partners in hopes of eliciting higher reports of nonmarital fertility . men who report births are asked a direct question about whether he and the partner were married , cohabiting , or single at the time of each birth . in contrast , for nsfg women , fertility , marriage , and cohabitation histories are collected separately , and the relationship context of the birth is determined by comparing dates , as we do in the nlsy data .
in estimating both the birth and population counts , we make several assumptions . to the extent that these assumptions lead us to misestimate the number of births or number of individuals at risk of a birth , they create bias in the fertility rates . to the extent that we overestimate fertility rates in the population , surveys will appear worse than they actually are , whereas to the degree that we underestimate the population fertility rates , surveys will appear more favorable .
in estimating the number of men in the population , we assume that men who are in the armed forces overseas are at risk of having a birth in the united states . in results not presented here , we compared population asfrs for black and white men estimated with and without overseas armed forces men in two different calendar years ( 1991 and 2000 ) . at any given age , the largest difference between these two sets of estimates was 0 . 005 . presumably , the bias posed by including the overseas armed forces men is likely to be small because such a small percentage of young men fall into this category .
displays the asfrs for three broad samples . results for women appear on the left , and results for men are displayed on the right . for all six groups , we display at each age the survey fertility rate , the population rate ( indicated by vs for vital statistics ) , the difference between the rates , and the ratio of the rates ( i . e . , the proportion of births reported ) . below the asfrs , we also present statistics that are averaged across five - year and ten - year age intervals . we weight each age equally in computing the averages for different age intervals , thus producing age - standardized ratios . for each ratio , we indicate whether the survey rate is significantly different from the population rate .
notes : fertility rates for different age groups are computed by averaging the asfrs comprising them ( weighting each age equally ) .
all three surveys obtain almost complete reporting of women’s fertility : the 10 - year age ratios range from 0 . 973 to 0 . 986 . the ratios for men are considerably lower and exhibit greater variability . the 10 - year age ratio for nsfg is 0 . 805 , while the ratios for nlsy79 and nlsy97 are 0 . 885 and 0 . 888 respectively . the ranking of these overall ratios for men is consistent with our hypothesis about the importance of longitudinal data , with the nlsys capturing a greater share of male births than the nsfg . the nlsy97 does not appear to be substantially better than the nlsy79 at capturing early male fertility , but these first analyses do not distinguish marital and nonmarital births . for these broad age intervals , the only survey rate that differs significantly from the population rate is for the nsfg men .
comparing the ratios averaged across ages 15–19 for the different surveys again suggests that the nlsy surveys do a better job of capturing births than the nsfg . the value for nsfg men indicates that this survey misses almost one - third of births to teen men . differences for the group aged 20 to 24 are less pronounced , but reveal a similar pattern .
to facilitate interpretation , we present the remaining comparisons of survey and population asfrs in graphs . in
, we compare vital statistics’ rates ( using multiple imputation for missing father’s age ) to estimates of male fertility based on the nsfg women’s reports of the fathers’ ages of their children born in this period ( 1991 to 2000 ) . the nsfg rates include the weighted number of births to men of different ages ( based on the nsfg female data ) in the numerator and the weighted population of nsfg men at different ages ( based on the nsfg male data ) in the denominator . it is reassuring to note that the rates based on the nsfg women’s reports map closely to the population estimates . this suggests that our population - based rates are fairly accurate , and that any differences we see in the nsfg male asfrs are due to differences in the reporting of births ( the numerator ) rather than the representation of men in the survey ( the denominator ) .
age - specific fertility rates for men by data source : 1991 to 2000 period ( ratio of rates r = . 805 * )
note : hollow circle means survey estimate different from population at p < . 05 ( two - tailed test ) .
we now turn to analyses that pertain to specific subgroups of men , beginning with the nsfg .
displays six separate graphs for nsfg men in the 1990s . the first graph ( a ) copies survey and population estimates from
. the second graph ( b ) drops foreign - born men who were not yet in the u . s . at a given age of risk to better capture men who were actually at risk of having a birth in the period . in this graph , and other analyses based on the nsfg ( not shown ) , we find that excluding this group does not make a substantive difference . in the remaining graphs , we include the foreign born because studies based on fatherhood in the nsfg typically include this group ( e . g . ,
) . the following graphs compare the asfrs for four specific groups : white men ( c ) , black men ( d ) , single men ( e ) , and married men ( f ) . we do not take into account race and marital status simultaneously in our nsfg analyses because of small sample sizes for some subgroups , particularly black married men . results indicate that for white men , there is some underreporting of births (
= . 824 ) . for black men , the gap between the population and survey estimates is much larger , and the gap increases with age . as expected , births to single men are underreported . in contrast , none of the survey estimates for married men differ significantly from the population estimates .
notes : line corresponds to rate estimated for the population using mice ; significant differences between the survey and population rate at any given age are indicated by the hollow circles .
) : some differences are significant , but they are small in magnitude . as in the nsfg , births to black men are significantly underreported ; however , in the nlsy79 , the magnitude of underreporting is smaller , and it is statistically significant only in the early 20s . the results for single men resemble those for all men , with significant but small birth deficits among the three oldest ages . as expected , the asfrs for married men from the nlsy79 do not significantly differ from those for the population , with the exception of the rate at age 18 .
displays these graphs for men from the nlsy97 . as in the case of the nsfg , the patterns for whites and single men from the nlsy97 closely resemble the overall patterns of men in this sample , with small deficits between the ages of 21 and 24 . it is reassuring to observe once again that the asfrs for men in the nlsy97 are close to those estimated for the population . in contrast to the other surveys , the nlsy97 does not show significant differences between the population estimates and the survey estimates for black men .
in other analyses ( results not shown ) for blacks and whites from the nlsy79 and nlsy97 , we excluded those who had ever been in military barracks . we alternatively ran analyses that excluded respondents who were in prison or on military barracks during a given age of year of risk . none of these exclusions changed the overall pattern of results for white and black men . this partly reflects the fact that respondents in these institutions comprised a small proportion of the entire sample .
our imputation methods assume that fathers with missing information on race ( who typically have missing information on age as well ) are the same race as mothers . we conducted sensitivity tests for men in the population from the 1980–84 birth cohort ( the group most likely to violate this assumption because of increases in interracial relationships ) to obtain an idea of how much distortion our homogamy assumption may create in the race - specific population asfrs ( results not shown ) . first , we assumed that the racial mix of parents at each age was the same for births with and without information on birth certificates . based on this assumption , we ended up reducing the number of births to white men at every age and increasing the number to black men , but the asfrs for black and white men barely changed . then , we repeated this exercise , assuming racial mixing was more common for births certificates with missing race . this alternative assumption did not dramatically change the patterns in these graphs .
because marital status differs considerably by race , the confounding of race and marital status in these graphs makes it difficult to identify whether black men or single men are responsible for the observed underreporting of births .
presents nonmarital asfrs for nlsy79 and nlsy97 by race . for men from the nlsy79 , we present two sets of these graphs : one set is based on the mott and colleagues’ data removing births with low confidence births paternity codes ( a and c ) and the other based on the set of constructed variables without the mott and colleagues’ changes ( b and d ) . as can be seen , the pattern of results does not differ according to which set we use ; however , there is an increase in underreporting for white men with the mott and colleague’s changes ( i . e . ,
researchers have been concerned that incomplete reporting of men’s births in surveys will bias the coefficients in multivariate models of the antecedents and consequences of early fertility . previous studies that have estimated parallel models of early parenthood find weaker effects of many family background variables for men compared to women ( e . g . , hynes et al . 2008 ; michael and tuma 1985 ) , but it is unclear whether these sex differences are due to differences in data quality or behavior .
) . we use a sample of women for these simulations because we want to have initial models that are not biased by under - reporting or representation issues . we use the nsfg for these simulations . we limit the sample to women aged 20 or older at the time of the interview and estimate a logistic regression model predicting the likelihood of having a teen birth as a function of basic family background and demographic variables . we discard information on the exact timing of teen births in order to simplify our experiments . odds ratios for this model appear in column one of
notes : we examine whether the 95 % confidence interval corresponding to the estimate for each simulated includes the estimate from the model based on complete birth reports . confidence intervals do not include the point estimate are classified signficantly different .
in our second experiment , we once again change 30 % of the teen births to the no birth category ; however , we assume greater underreporting among blacks than among other respondents based on their respective proportions of teen births underreported for our nsfg sample ( 43 % of teen births to black men and 23 % for non - black men ) . all other steps remain the same . for each variable in the two experiments that we conduct , we present the average of the 100 coefficients in columns 2 and 5 . in addition , we report the percent difference between the averaged coefficients and the original estimates ( columns 3 and 6 ) and the percent of the 100 models with coefficients that are significantly different from the original estimates ( columns 4 and 7 ) .
the results for the first experiment reveal a decline in magnitude of coefficients for each of the family background variables , with an average decline of around 10 % . still , the vast majority of coefficients from the first experiment fail to significantly differ from the original estimates . in the second experiment , the coefficient for “black” declines by almost 50 % and is significantly different from the original estimate in all of the simulated samples ; this is consistent with the assumption of differential underreporting in this simulation . the attenuation of the other coefficients is generally weaker than in the first experiment . the results of these experiments suggest that underreporting attenuates coefficients in models of having a teen birth , especially the coefficients of variables associated with underreporting .
researchers are increasingly emphasizing the importance of men in studies of family formation ( bachrach 2007 ; forste 2002 ; goldscheider and kaufman 1996 ; greene and biddlecom 2000 ) . at the same time , they continue to express concerns about the quality of male fertility data in recent surveys . in response to these concerns , we estimated age - specific fertility rates during the teens and early twenties for men in nlsy79 , nlsy97 , and nsfg 2002 and compared them to male fertility rates estimated for the u . s . population . we found that in the nsfg , roughly four out of five early births were reported , and in the nlsy79 and nlsy97 , almost nine - tenths of early births were reported . in all three surveys , reporting deficits were especially pronounced for nonmarital births . reporting of births to women was virtually complete in all three surveys .
in spite of the fact that nonresponse rates were considerably higher in the nlsy97 than in the nlsy79 ( aughinbaugh and gardecki 2008 ) , we found a slightly greater proportion of nonmarital births reported for this more recent cohort ( i . e . , . 858 versus . 829 ) . several factors could have improved reporting of nonmarital births , including the development of the fatherhood movement , greater paternity establishment , and increases in the proportion of nonmarital births that were to cohabiting parents ( kennedy and bumpass 2008 ; marsiglio , amato , day , and lamb 2000 ) .
results from our monte carlo experiments , which are based on levels of underreporting found for men in the nsfg , suggest that underreporting attenuates coefficients in models of early fatherhood . furthermore , the magnitude of attenuation depends on how strongly a given variable is associated with underreporting ; however , the attenuation of coefficients in models of teen births estimated for men from the nlsy79 and nlsy97 is likely to be smaller because a larger proportion of births in these surveys are reported .
while we were not able to conduct separate analyses of hispanics due to limitations in the population data , we would be concerned about the reliability of these estimates nonetheless . the composition of the hispanic population changes across cohorts and even within cohorts at different ages due to immigration ( portes and rumbaut 1996 ) . the further we follow nlsy hispanics beyond the first interview , the less they will resemble hispanics from the same birth cohorts in the general population .
this study makes an important contribution to our understanding of the quality of male fertility data in major u . s . surveys . in the period following the nurturing fatherhood initiative , research on men’s fertility has proliferated . yet , our understanding of the quality of male fertility data is based on studies that are now dated . our results reveal that the quality of male fertility data in the nlsy97 and the nlsy79 is better than that in the nsfg , suggesting that survey design matters to the quality of these data . they suggest that surveys collecting information on fertility for men prospectively are likely to be more successful than studies that collect this information retrospectively .
1 information on marital status in the vital statistics data has varied across states and over time . the majority of states ask directly whether the mother was married “ at birth , conception , or any time in between , ” or alternatively , whether she was married to the father of the child . a few states determine marital status using inferential procedures ( see hamilton , martin and ventura 2006 and ventura and bachrach 2000 for greater detail on how marital status is measured in the vital statistics . )
2 we also used the hotdeck method to impute missing fathers’ ages . first , we stratified the birth certificate data by calendar year , mother’s age , and father’s race . then , for each stratum ( e . g . , births to black fathers and 18 - year - old mothers in 1980 ) , we randomly selected ( with replacement ) ages of fathers reported on birth certificates to fill in the father’s age when it is missing . this alternative method of imputation produced estimates of the number of births to men that are remarkably close to those based on multivariate imputation .
3 to develop comparable measures of race for data from years 2000 and beyond , we bridged the responses of those who reported more than one race to a single race using the largest group bridging method ( nchs 2004 ) .
aughinbaugh a , gardecki rm . attrition in the national longitudinal survey of youth 1997 . 2008 . working paper .
bachrach c . taking stock : do surveys of men’s fertility deliver ? in : hofferth s , casper l , editors .
in federal interagency forum on child and family statistics , nurturing fatherhood : improving data and research on male fertility , family formation and fatherhood .
u . s . printing office ; washington d . c . : 1998 . report of the working group on male fertility and family formation .
u . s . census bureau ; washington , dc : 1996 . ( population division working paper no . 14 )
boggess s , martinez g , jasik cb , lindberg ld . counting dads : improving estimates of teen fatherhood . in : hofferth s , casper l , editors .
bonczar tp . prevalence of imprisonment in the u . s . population , 1974–2001 .
u . s . department of justice office of justice programs bureau of justice statistics special report .
bumpass l . the comparability of marital and fertility histories across fertility surveys and june current population surveys . 1983 . cde working paper 83 - 9 .
mathematica policy research ; princeton , nj : 2005 . building strong families issue brief , no . 3 .
carlson m , mclanahan s . fragile families , father involvement and public policy . in : tamis - lemonda c , cabrera n , editors .
cherlin a , griffith j , mccarthy j . a note on maritally - disrupted men’s reports of child support in the june 1980 current population survey .
elo it , king rb , furstenberg f . adolescent females : their sexual partners and the fathers of their children .
forste r . where are all the men ? a conceptual analysis of the role of men in family formation .
nurturing fatherhood : improving data and research on male fertility , family formation and fatherhood .
u . s . printing office ; washington d . c . : 1998 .
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garfinkel i , mclanahan s , hanson t . a patchwork portrait of nonresident fathers . in : garfinkel i , mclanahan s , meyer d , seltzer j , editors .
goldscheider fk , kaufman g . fertility and commitment : bringing men back in .
greene me , biddlecom ae . absent and problematic men : demographic accounts of male reproductive roles .
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lawrence erlbaum associates , inc . ; mahwah , nj : 2002 . pp . 33–62 .
hynes k , joyner k , peters he , yang f . the transition to early fatherhood : national estimates based on multiple surveys .
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integrated public use microdata series , current population survey : version 2 . 0 .
[ machine - readable database ] . minneapolis , mn : minnesota population center [ producer and distributor ] . available online at
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lepkowski jm , mosher wd , davis ke , et al . national survey of family growth , cycle 6 : sample design , weighting , imputation , and variance estimation . national center for health statistics .
lerman ri . a national profile of young unwed fathers . in : lerman ri , ooms tj , editors .
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manlove j , logan c , ikramullah e , holcombe e . factors associated with multiple - partner fertility among fathers .
marsiglio w , amato pr , day r , lamb m . fatherhood scholarship in the 1990s : past impressions , future prospects .
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michael rt , tuma nb . entry into marriage and parenthood by young men and women : the influence of family background .
morgan sp , botev n , chen r , huang j . white and nonwhite trends in first birth timing : comparisons using vital registration and current population surveys .
morgan sp , rindfuss rr . re - examining the link of early childbearing to marriage and to subsequent fertility .
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national center for health statistics vital statistics of the united states , volume i , natality .
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job title : scale clerk operator ( part . . . - fort benning soldier for life - transition assistance program | facebook
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input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer ; output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit , e . g . interface arrangements
pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user , e . g . mice , trackballs , pens or joysticks ; accessories therefor
image processing system filed june 50 , 1965 2 sheets - sheet l 11 ckt 29 - d / a d / a co - v conv i 2 x3 3 2 y - b x2 34
3 2 1 1 character end wa conv b r point gen i defl 21 register 3 , 25 comp reg decoder inventor william h . ass
6 i ' m m attorney dec . 30 , 1969 william h . sass 3 , 487 , 202
image processing system filed june 30 . 1965 v 2 sheets - sheet 2 m endpoints ( x ' y ' ) de designation pattern mgscnou i 2 4 5 6 0 000 m 1 0 , 2 0 , 5 2 , 7 5 , 7 7 , 5 7 , 2 1 00 | 0 , 5 . 2 , 7 5 , 7 7 , 5 7 , 2 5 , 0 2 0 | 0 2 , 7 5 , 7 7 , 5 7 , 2 5 , 0 2 , 0 5 on j 5 , 7 7 , 5 7 , 2 5 , 0 2 , 0 0 , 2 4 100 u 7 , 5 7 , 2 5 , 0 2 , 0 0 , 2 0 , 5 5 | 0 | l 7 , 2 5 , 0 2 , 0 0 , 2 0 , 5 2 , 7
united states patent ofiice 3 , 487 , 202 . patented dec . 30 , 1969 3 , 487 , 202 image processing system william h . sass , ulster park , n . y . , assignor to international business machines corporation , armonk , n . y . , a corporation of new york filed june 30 , 1965 , ser . no . 468 , 413 int . cl . g061 : 9 / 00 us . cl . 235 - 616 4 claims abstract of the disclosure this invention relates to image processing and more specifically to a line or edge follower for tracing or following a line or object whereby the image may be reduced to digital data .
it has become increasingly apparent that digital computers , especially those of the general purpose variety , may be useful in solving a variety of graphic design problems which range from the actual design to the storage and reproduction of graphic information . one of the essential features of any such system is the ability to examine an image and translate the information con tained therein into a format compatible with the computer system , such that the information may be assimilated into the computer , altered if desired , and reproduced either in its original or altered form at a later time .
the image may be examined in a number of different ways . however , of these the flying spot scanner has been the most successful . in this type system the image may be reduced to a transparency and illuminated by the moving beam of a cathode ray tube while a photo multiplier tube examines the light transmission through the film . since the position of the beam or flying spot is known at all times the output of the photo multiplier tube , in time sequence , indicates the transparency of the areas illuminated by the beam in the course of its movement over the image . the flying spot scanning device may also be implemented with an opaque image by detecting reflected light .
one object of the invention is to provide an image processing system in which the analog image data is directly converted in scanning to digital data for controlling the scanning operation and defining the image .
another object of the invention is to provide an image processing system which utilizes a selected portion of a polygon shaped tracking pattern for generating digital response indicative of image position .
a further object of the invention is to provide an image processing system which is compatible for use with digital processing equipment and which relieves the processor of many functions .
the invention contemplates an image processing system comprising means for generating in time sequence the successive end point coordinates defining one of a plurality of partial polygon patterns in response to a coded signal , means responsive to said end point signals for generating a plurality of time sequential scanning line segments for scanning an image , means for examining the image during scanning and generating a plurality of signals indicative of the transmissivity of the image during each line segment scan , and means responsive to the said signals for providing a digital signal indicative of the relative placement of the image with respect to the partial polygon pattern generated .


milton square is a complex containing businesses and residential apartments located at the southwest corner of como and carter avenues in the st. anthony park neighborhood of st. paul , minnesota , near the university of minnesota st. paul campus .

milton square

milton – a public hearing is set for sept . 13 to discuss traffic improvements in east milton square .
milton square : century - old building is an ‘unfound treasure’ in st . paul
selectmen will hold a sept . 13 hearing on plans for traffic improvements in east milton square
mary ann milton , owner of milton investment company , sits in the courtyard of milton square on monday in st . anthony park in st . paul . milton bought the property in 1957 and has since been the owner and developer .
east milton square is a healthy business district of the town of milton featuring a vibrant array of retail , services and office uses . the square is surrounded by thriving residential neighborhoods on all sides . nonetheless , there is general agreement that east milton square could be improved . several longstanding issues include the following :
milton square : century - old building is an ‘unfound treasure’ in st . paul | twin cities daily planet
they are seeking your input on east milton square at the public hearing they will schedule for early july .
milton – a development that would combine apartments with retail and office space has the potential to spark the transformation of east milton square , a lawyer for the developer said .
hearing set on east . milton square traffic - news - the patriot ledger , quincy , ma - quincy , ma
a great photo of mary ann milton , the owner of milton square to celebrate
international women ' s day
. this was taken sometime in the 1950s when she became the
bielenberg said the neighborhood is really supportive of its businesses and that milton square is a great “incubator location” for new companies .
serving as a cornerstone of the st . anthony neighborhood , milton square is located at the intersection of como avenue and carter avenue .
seven years after federal officials earmarked $ 1 million to redesign east milton square , local planners have unveiled a plan that envisions paving about half of the square’s green center to add dozens of parking spots .
franklin ellerbe designed milton square in 1909 . featuring tudor revival architecture , the building also included a courtyard and top - floor residential apartments .
plans for a four - and five story , mixed - use development in east milton square were outlined for the planning board thursday night .
milton , 91 , has since sold all of her other properties , but the charm of milton square has kept it in the family . although her daughter now manages the property , milton still comes to the office twice a week to check up on business and visit with neighbors .
milton moved her office into one of the square’s small retail spots , and the area became a home away from home for her three children .
the board of selectmen will receive an update on the traffic , parking and pedestrian situation at east milton square at their thursday , june 22 , 2017 meeting from traffic engineering firm howard stein hudson and will schedule a public hearing for early july to seek public comment about east milton square .
milton square in st . anthony park is more than a century old , but the area’s residents have made it a well - kept secret over the years .
mary ann milton , a real estate broker , purchased the property in 1957 .
despite the warm late - summer weather , milton’s $ 15 million town square was deserted . park benches were empty , and garbage cans showed little evidence of use .
the falconis already own two commercial developments in the square : an office building on franklin street and the milton theatre building on adams street where the novara restaurant is located .
heather o’malley , milton’s daughter , said her mom was a trendsetter for her time .
milton keynes shopping centre was listed in 2010 . photograph : david sillitoe for the guardian
pete mihajlov and phil roberts opened muffuletta in milton square in 1977 . it was the first in a series of restaurants they would eventually open and manage under parasole restaurant holdings .
despite the health and strength of the businesses in east milton square , there is a widespread perception that the current supply of parking does not adequately support local shops and offices .
on january 9 , 2017 milton council endorsed the downtown study final report . this report sets the stage for important changes that will help to secure a vibrant future for downtown milton .
milton’s development review board examined a conditional use permit and site plan application for . . .
judi steltzner , left , and her daughter gretchen funk browse books saturday afternoon at micawber’s books in st . paul . the bookstore is part of the “destination shops” located in milton square .
“i personally don’t want it turning into quincy square” where several large apartment buildings are taking shape .
enter this three - bedroom , 1 . 5 - bath , 2 , 102 - square - foot milton home through a red door , which leads to a mudroom with shiplap and hardwood floors .
i - 93 bisects east milton square . the presence of the below - grade interstate highway means a less - than seamless connection between the east and west sides of the square . this tenuous connection is especially true for visitors to the area once they have left their cars . parking to the west of i - 93 is often relatively plentiful even when the square ' s eastern half is full .
the construction would run along franklin street between bassett and adams , bassett street , and adams court up adams street . the plan would significantly alter the look and feel of the east milton square neighborhood .
the town still has the ability to utilize up to $ 2 . 2 million in federal earmarks for improvements to east milton square , but the purpose and needs for those funds need to be shovel ready .
the board of selectmen and the town administrator want to hear suggestions at the public hearing in early july from residents and businesses in the area . the primary concerns of the board of selectmen and the town administrator concerning east milton square are public safety , making the square more efficient , and improving the parking situation .
town officials acknowledged that they’ll never be able to recreate the idyllic town square that was split in two when the freeway came through in 1954 . but they say that with the right changes , east milton square could become a place where people stop and linger –– rather than just another choke point on the evening commute .
curtis said the traffic light patterns were programmed in such a way to discourage i - 93 travelers from exiting the highway there and cutting through the square on their way to boston , which shares a border with milton .
the falconi companies of milton is proposing a development of 71 apartments , 10 , 000 square feet of retail space and 7 , 000 square feet of office space . the buildings will be either four - or five five - stories high , and would be bounded by adams street , adams court , bassett street and franklin street .
to date , the members of the board of selectmen and the town administrator have met on the east milton square situation with federal highway administration and massachusetts department of transportation officials , u . s . congressman stephen lynch , state senator walter timilty , state rep . william driscoll , the milton chamber of commerce and other interested parties .
nearly 16 years after the deck over the southeast expressway was built in an effort to rejoin east milton square , separated by freeway construction in the 1950s , most residents and officials agree that the project has been a failure .
although this openness may bring with it its own problems : the square is now a perfect cycling shortcut . on monday morning i witnessed a man ride across the square from st andrewgate to shambles without a care in the world .
like the paintings and works that adorn the walls , the future of milton’s lone art gallery is . . .
after nearly two months of preparation , the milton artists’ guild is gearing up to debut its new . . .
on the coldest night of the season thus far , miltonians bundled up for the 4th annual milton . . .
we strongly believe in the notable saying
two ( or more ) is always better than one .
our shops at milton square are unique . we strive to provide a creative shopping experience in our innovative & growing neighborhood .
small businesses are only as strong as the people behind them . milton square is comprised of hard - working , honest people who are dedicated to bringing these values from our courtyard into the communities , schools & cities around us .
still , some residents at the forum seemed skeptical at the plan . cindy christiansen , a town meeting member who lives near the square , said she worried the parking lot would become a cut - through for savvy milton drivers .
barriers around the king’s square improvement works have come down , giving york its first glimpse of the repaving and remodelling .
in total the council is spending £490 , 000 from the £3 . 3 million reinvigorate york project on king’s square .
despite the criticism , some town officials remained hopeful that the project could breathe new life into the neighborhood . former selectman joseph mcettrick predicted in the early 1990s that it could be “a cornerstone for a renewal of east milton square . ”
east milton resident mary murphy thinks the scale of the development should be reduced to better fit in with the neighborhood .
angella hanson and her son douglas sip tea and nibble on pastries thursday at lady elegant’s tea room and gift shoppe in milton square . hanson brought her son to the tea room to celebrate his ninth birthday . ( photos by marisa wojcik )
somerville lies next to cambridge and is a lively and fun place to live . with davis square and the minuteman trail , somerville offers single and multi - family neighborhoods with metropolitan flare . davis square offers live music , restaurants and cultural venues .
the town of milton : as the municipality in which east milton square is located , the town is providing leadership and oversight for this project . at the end of the project , the town will advertise the design developed for construction by a contractor and once the design is built , maintain the roadways , parking areas , pedestrian pathways and landscape associated with it .
proposal : the purpose of the applications initiated by the town of milton is to bring forward new zoning bylaw designations and local official plan policies within the milton downtown . the proposed policy changes bring forward a more flexible policy framework . these changes are being brought forward in accordance with the town of milton downtown study that was endorsed by council in january of 2017 .
o’malley said the smaller , artisan businesses that are coming back in to style would fit in the square because of its nontraditional setting .
this article was amended on 4 may 2016 to remove the word borough from milton keynes council , which is a unitary authority .
protecting and enhancing the downtown is essential in also protecting the identify of milton as it grows . the downtown needs to be a place where all residents - not just those in the surrounding area - can appreciate and feel connected to milton ' s history .
so that his employees would have a pleasant environment for picnicking and boating , milton s . hershey built hershey park in 1907 .
milton is an affluent suburban community between the neponset river and the blue hills . boston investors , seeing the potential of the town and its proximity to the city , provided the capital to develop 18th century milton as an important industrial site with an iron slitting mill , paper and sawmills and the first chocolate factory in new england in 1764 . milton’s public school system is known for its french immersion program and the town is home of milton academy . its blue hills reservation recreational area stretches over 7 , 000 acres .
maggie manteuffel , a part - time university business administration master’s student , said as an undergraduate student living near the east bank , she had never heard of milton square . she discovered it when she moved in to the neighborhood with her fiancé as a graduate student .
i realise the square’s shiny newness will weather in . but no amount of rain or frost will soften the hard lines and sharp corners .
an aerial view of milton keynes , derided for nearly 50 years as a soulless suburb . photograph : aps ( uk ) / alamy
not everything about the reconstruction is bad . it has opened up the square and the removal of some of the unnecessary clutter helps with that .
although business tenants have changed over the years , two of the square’s independent shops , muffuletta restaurant and micawber’s books are celebrating milestone anniversaries this year .
a decade later , town officials still believe parking is the key to transforming the space into the active town square that was envisioned in the 1980s .
having walked past the work being undertaken every weekday since it began , i know the care and craftsmanship that has gone into laying the new square .
across the river from boston proper is cambridge , home of prestigious universities like mit and harvard . with several distinct squares ( harvard square , central square and kendall square ) , cambridge’s diversity appeals to many people . it is also made convenient by the mbta red line subway . cambridge is home to a variety of unique restaurants and shops , as well as historically and culturally significant landmarks . surrounding areas include watertown , somerville and the famous charles river .
we believe small businesses are the life beat of st . paul ; it might be because we ' ve been a family owned business for over 50 years . an embodiment of st . paul ' s historic charm , milton square is a hidden architectural gem in the middle of st . anthony park .
a : there is currently a downtown milton parking study underway that will conclude in early 2017 . this will guide decisions and recommendations regarding parking options .
two minutes away from parliament square and the cabinet warm rooms , the two chairmen public house is an olde worlde pub that retains a number of . . .
“i’ve never seen many people here at all , ” said paul rege , a real estate broker whose storefront office overlooks the square . “it’s a shame . ”
the architecturally unique royal horticultural halls boasts two halls and a conference centre . lindley hall overlooking leafy vincent square is a popular venue for corporate events . . . .
the developer will make a presentation to the east milton neighborhood association at 7 p . m . sept . 27 at the east congregational church , 610 adams st .
meanwhile , paul hogan , who spoke on behalf of the milton chamber of commerce , said the organization favored the proposal that would boost parking with 40 additional spaces .
others worried more about the general traffic around the square , complaining about the backups through the area , which is routed just above one of the busiest highways in the state .
for all the quality of the materials used , now what we have is a modern , uniform , clinically tidy space which would look perfectly at home in milton keynes .
curtis also said if residents felt more comfortable walking or bicycling through the square , then more would opt to leave their cars at home , further alleviating the need for parking there .
“it’s been a disaster there for the past two years , ’’ said resident john spatola . “people try to avoid the square as much as they can because there’s always traffic . ”
although the “secret garden” courtyard and small nooks scattered throughout the square became second nature for o’malley , to the rest of the city , the area has remained relatively unknown , she said .
the town will take a leadership role in encouraging development by implementing a vision for downtown milton and supporting appropriate forms of redevelopment and investment in the downtown that are more attractive for developers .
the manning community park is almost never used , nearby streets are regularly clogged with traffic and a shortage of parking spaces keeps drivers from stopping and spending time in milton’s most prominent commercial center .
from the moment he created his community , milton s . hershey planned to build a park to create a more pleasant environment for workers and residents than any typical factory town of the time .
the idea of bridging the noisy canyon between the two ends of east milton square was first devised in 1980 as a much larger project , with office buildings , restaurants and a town green on a 1 , 200 - by - 128 foot platform , but that was never built . private developers eventually pulled out and left the town to pursue an increasingly scaled - back project on its own .
the downtown study aims to analyze milton ' s downtown and identify opportunities for redevelopment and revitalization . the study will provide the foundation by which cultural and economic activity can flourish in the core of the community .
this approach is consistent with the actions identified in destiny milton 3 , specifically to develop a comprehensive policy and operational framework to support the revitalization and sustainability of the downtown as a focal point for the community .
milton has experienced significant growth pressures as a result of provincial planning policy directions , such as the
places to grow
and the provincial policy statement , which require intensification . the study will need to :
this completes phase one of the king’s square makeover . it has been finished in time for the st nicholas fayre this week as promised . the second phase , to reconstruct the road , will take place next spring .
even though the square’s new vision calls for less green space than what’s there now , leaders faced little opposition at the meeting , held at the council on aging , with dozens of residents in attendance for the plan’s unveiling .
milton said she went to law school so she wouldn’t feel intimidated by men in the industry . she owned her own realtor business and was active in several neighborhood committees and community boards , all while raising three children .
but the guard was also wrong : midsummer boulevard remains a public right of way , even under intu’s roof . this is the site of the planning dispute which defines the struggle for the soul of milton keynes . intu’s plans to build more shops were approved by milton keynes council despite being opposed by cmk parish council . the parish council’s plan is localism in action – if it is ignored , then the government’s championing of localism looks meaningless .
the goal of the design process will be to take the hybrid alternative concept and make it into a buildable design through the massdot design process . this effort will involve obtaining new data about traffic operations in east milton square to reflect current conditions , developing a functional design report , and 25 % , 75 % and 100 % design packages for review by massdot . the design phase will also include an official massdot 25 % design public hearing . structural analysis will be conducted on the deck and its support structure to ensure that it can support the proposed changes . at the end of the design project , the town of milton will have a buildable design that it can advertise for construction .
the new concept comes after town residents and leaders determined there’s a dearth of functional parking spots in the otherwise thriving square , which features a prominent gas station , hair salon , liquor store , gym , and post office , among other businesses .
the town is working on a plan for the square and the surrounding area which would reduce traffic congestion and improve safety for pedestrians and bicyclists . among the improvements are new traffic signals that would be linked to each other and respond to traffic demand .
william clark , milton’s director of planning and community development , said the 32 to 40 parking spaces proposed for the site will give people a new reason to venture out onto the deck and , hopefully , lure them into lingering in the park .
a market analysis of milton ' s downtown was completed , to determine the types of growth that can be accommodated . it provides key market information regarding vacancy rates , turnover rates and a suitable range of uses to create a sustainably and vibrant downtown .
officials said the design would be more pedestrian - friendly , with crosswalks strategically installed to make it easier to cross on foot . curtis said there would also be separate bicycle lanes or so - called “sharrows , ” lanes shared by bikes and cars , around the square .
milton keynes was forged in the optimism of the late 1960s , a time of grand plans ( the guardian had a planning correspondent ) and technological leaps forward ( such as concorde ) . by 1967 , when milton keynes was formally designated by the government , the flaws in places such as stevenage , cumbernauld and crawley , constructed under the 1946 new towns act intended to rebuild communities devastated by the war , had become apparent . the press identified the lack of social amenities and failure to mix classes as “new town blues” .
the downtown as a civic gathering space , which could include a public square , would it to better connect to the larger community , acting as both the physical and symbolic heart of the community . the downtown would be seen as a destination for a variety of year - round activities .
and here is another worry . once you embark on this sort of piecemeal , disjointed “improvement” work , where does it end ? because to some reforming eyes , the shiny new king’s square will now make shambles look unbearably old and tatty by comparison – so will it be next for “regeneration” ?
it’s a absolute disgrace that all this money has been used to create such a bland , soulless and damn right tatty around the edges square . surely more effort could have been made to blend the design in with the raised area ? have they even used york stone ? whoever designed it should be ashamed !
in the 1990 ' s , a deck was placed over i - 93 between adams street and boulevard street . this deck supports a landscape area honoring joseph m . manning and was supposed to reunite the two halves of the square . unfortunately , it remains little - used as either a pedestrian corridor or recreational space .
“is 32 enough ? probably not , but it’s what we have , ” said william clark , milton’s planning director . “hopefully , some people will walk . [ they’ll ] park and go to the post office , and then go to the other side and get a cup of coffee or visit the firehouse . ”
from 1913 to 1923 the following attractions were constructed : a dance pavilion , known as the starlight ballroom , a new stage to accommodate the big band era , a new convention hall which later became the hershey museum , the hershey park café , and the hershey zoo that housed milton hershey ' s own animals .
“you’re taking notes on my property . i need to know why you’re taking notes on my property , ” he insisted . then he gave me a big smile so i told him what i was doing and asked him about milton keynes : he came from london and “fell in love with the place and never left” .
“generally speaking , it’s a healthy space , but the east and west sides of the square are disconnected , ” said nate curtis , transportation planner with the consulting firm howard / stein - hudson inc . , at a community forum monday . “people don’t want to park on one side and walk to the other , which causes some problems . ”
town leaders are now looking for a second chance to revitalize the square and repair the gash torn through the neighborhood nearly 60 years ago . under a $ 1 million plan now being fleshed out by engineers , half of the 280 - foot - long deck would be turned over to parking and the rest would be transformed into a more open , inviting park .
however , if planners find that 18 - wheel trucks have trouble maneuvering the sharp turns of the current design , they have a backup plan that would add only about 32 spaces to the square’s center , just eight fewer than their preference . if adopted , officials would then construct a small sliver of green space to separate adams street from the new parking lot , according to the design .
brighton is similar to neighboring allston , but with a little less activity . the neighborhood , which is primarily populated by graduate students , young professionals and families , consists of an intricate network of streets lined with houses and small apartment buildings . local family businesses mix with national chains of pharmacies and banks along brighton ' s washington street , which runs straight through brighton center to oak square .
you ' ll conveniently find us on state highway one , at the kink in the road in milton with heaps of parking right outside , quality fresh produce , freshly baked goods and food to go . whether it ' s to grab a couple of things or do your weekly shop you ' ll find everything you need from your local supermarket . we don ' t have what you ' re looking for ? just ask , we will try and get it .
the newest city in britain faces an ironic question in middle age : can its futuristic character be saved by the heritage industry ? “milton keynes is truly a garden city . the city’s landscape is the gift that keeps on giving , ” lee shostak told me . “but we don’t need to apply the giant machinery of the conservation industry to protect the essence of it . to do so could strangle the city . ” some of its architects are not so sure .
on a fine spring day , i left the m1 at junction 14 and followed the broad dual - carriageway of the h5 grid - road into mk between banks of primroses and bright - green hawthorn . seven roundabouts later , i turned left over secklow gate bridge ( “it’s so mk – there’s no beginning and there’s no end , ” one resident rhapsodised . “it’s all about open skies , opportunities and keeping moving” ) . i reached central milton keynes from the motorway in eight minutes .
the fair that lasts all summer long arrived at hersheypark in 1999 . the hersheypark fair , featured five new rides such as the wild mouse , the merry derry dip fun slide , music express , chaos , and the frog hopper . a large 10 , 000 square - foot festival and exhibition tent to showcase a variety of agricultural and educational exhibits is the centerpiece of the fair area . in addition , the fair brings back a wide variety of exciting games to test your skill and the foods of days gone by .
after four days in mk , i succumbed to its genius loci and popped into ikea . then i cruised across the grid and headed home . entering northampton , i felt jolted into another epoch : a cramped , inconvenient and rather less rational one . i realised why the people of milton keynes were so protective of their place and i heard again ken baker’s forecast for the next 50 years : “disastrous things will happen . but the city is so solid , it would be difficult to re - engineer it . ”
sharon is a beautiful small town located in norfolk county in massachusetts . in 2010 , holding a population of just over 17 , 500 , sharon is the ideal place to live for those who intend to commute to work in boston . being a part of ‘greater boston’ , sharon lies only 17 miles southwest of the hub . with 24 . 2 square miles of its own territory , sharon embodies everything one would hope for with a small town feel while still being mere minutes to large shopping and dining areas , sporting events and the rest that comes with the bigger city lifestyle .
government cash also paid for a hard sell . there were exhibitions in london and ads targeted stressed commuters on the underground . “wouldn’t it be nice if all cities were like milton keynes , ” was the message of one lavish tv ad filmed in the early 1980s , showing red balloons drifting through leafy , child - filled suburbs . mk opened offices in japan and san francisco to woo foreign companies . every friday for a period in the late 1970s , the corporation hired a helicopter and flew potential investors over the site : everything looks grand from the air .
from the addition of rides , the introduction of a waterpark and plenty of food offerings and creations along the way , hersheypark has grown , changed , and become happier and happier since its 1907 opening . however , one thing has not changed and this is a commitment to providing guests with sweet memories they can cherish forever . that has , and always will , remain the same . discover for yourself with a visit to hersheypark ! a complete history of the life and philanthropy of milton s . hershey is available for purchase at most of our retail shops .
“we’re constantly trying to keep our spaces out of the hands of selfish , short - sighted developers . cmk should be a conservation area . if they keep their thieving hands off , it will be as important to future generations as georgian bath is to bath , as the new town is to edinburgh . it’s a remarkable piece of design – it has a genius loci , a spirit of place . britain is littered with places that used to have a distinctive character . milton keynes has a phenomenal character . it would be a tragedy if it were lost . ”
generations of critics who have condemned milton keynes for unsustainable car - based design overlook the flexibility of its grid . its destruction is stupid and shortsighted , according to chris woodward : “anything designed so that everything works on one level will serve electric vehicles as well as diesel and these can be publicly provided or continue to be private . ” ken baker has reached a similar conclusion about planners attacking mk’s grid : “the very thing that the flexibility delivered to them , that has given them the competitive edge , they want to destroy . it’s a lack of imagination , a lack of vision . ”
in july 2005 , cnn / money and money magazine ranked westwood 13th on its list of the 100 best places to live in the united states . the 11 . 1 square miles of westwood is surrounded by needham , dedham , canton , norwood , walpole and dover . largely populated by families , westwood has five elementary schools and a new high school . the high school includes a multi - use artificial turf field and a synthetic track , both of which are open to the public . westwood is home of xavarian brother’s high school . westwood also boasts the hale reservation recreational area , which stretches over 1 , 100 acres between westwood and dover .
380 + sq feet available in excellent location on historic property . quaint space with large windows with natural light , wood floors , chandeliers and kitchenette . street visibility , off street parking . available february .
if you like vintage , you ' ll love this store . check it out , very cute area too !
there is such cute stuff here ! ! i love stopping in to see what new things are for sale .
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mon to sat breakfast 7 . 30 - 10 . 30am , lunch 12noon - 3pm , reduced menu of pizza 3pm - 5pm , dinner 5pm - 10 . 45pm , sun breakfast 8 . 30am - 10 . 30am , lunch 12noon - 3pm , pizza 3pm - 5pm , dinner 5pm - 10pm
casual new york - italian style hai cenato is the first italian restaurant from jason atherton whose the social company is behind this 60 - cover two floor restaurant within the nova development in victoria . the all - day eatery is the second collaboration between jason and irha atherton and chef patron , paul hood , who also heads up michelin - starred social eating house . translating as ' have you had dinner ? ' , the typical greeting from italian hosts to their family and friends , hai cenato includes an upstairs cocktail bar , the drunken oyster , designed to echo a vintage railway carriage - a nod to nearby victoria station .
discover what ' s on in london 2018 with our comprehensive guide to the best events . from theatre to art and music to sport , london 2018 has something for everyone - so read on to find out what london town has to offer .
the tenth best hotel in europe ( according to new yorker ' s tourist bible ' travel and leisure ' ) is so close to buckingham palace you can almost hear the . . .
this is as close to buckingham palace as you can get . it ' s also nearby victoria station which is not quite as glamorous but very convenient . there . . .
promising ' the bill you pay at check - out is what you thought you ' d pay when you checked in ' , the nadler hotels specialise in stylish , affordable accommodation . the . . .
jason atherton , the chef behind the michelin - starred pollen street social , city social and a clutch of . . .
fantastic franco manca pizzas are made with soft wheat flour and a long fermentation process . this is important . it ' s the reason these . . .
food to go in its simplest form . freshly baked bread for hand made sandwiches , home made soups and simple salads . eat first opened on london ' s villiers . . .
serving hawaiian raw fish , ahi poke in nova , the food quarter in victoria , is an all - day restaurant dedicated to . . .
taking inspiration from japanese ramman - noodle bars , wagamama is the ultimate in high - quality , fast food . huge bowls of steaming , soupy noodles , chicken dumplings with a chilli - soy dipping . . .
gymbox takes you through a ' game , set , relax ' workout in the lead up to wimbledon . it ' s one of seven â£5 workouts you can do at cardinal . . .
prepare to see glinda the good witch and the wicked witch of the west in a whole new light after going to see wicked , currently showing . . .
before the launch of eccleston place later this summer tart london is bringing a wimbledon - themed pop - up to the courtyard at what will be its home , eccleston . . .
the exterior of the victoria palace is among the most impressive of any theatre in london . before the advent of air travel , the giant arch , dome . . .
curzon victoria is the chain ' s seventh london venue , providing a boutique cinema option in central london . visitors will be able to immerse themselves in a broad . . .
formerly the st . james theatre , the other palace officially opens its doors in february 2017 , as part of andrew lloyd webber ' s the really . . .
an architecturally striking development opposite victoria mainline railway station , nova victoria is an ultra . . .
charlie fellowes and jeremy epstein ' s edel assanti gallery has evolved since it was first set up in 2009 , from a pop - up initiative to a project space . . .
not to be confused with westminster abbey , the nearby westminster cathedral in victoria is london ' s only example of neo - byzantine architecture , described by the poet john betjeman . . .
cardinal place is a snazzy modern shopping venue in victoria . housed under a curvaceous , new - age glass capsule it has become something of a visual icon in . . .
the william curley chocolate empire continues to swell with the opening of the patissier and chocolatier ' s latest concession in harrods . curley has worked with . . .
this prized vintage shop , in business for 40 years and bursting at the seams with a mixed bag of period clothing , is sadly closing down . due . . .
hidden in a copse of trees in hyde park , the lookout is a tranquil haven in the heart of london . home to the isis education centre , . . .
the london film school is the oldest - established international school of film technique in the world . the school has contributed significantly to . . .
whether you ' re a nigella or not in the kitchen , the l ' atelier des chefs cookery school can teach you something . classes are given in the basement kitchens . . .
the big bus company tour takes you to all of london ' s famous landmarks and reveals the capital ' s colourful 2 , 000 - year history . the tour offers you a choice . . .
surely one of the most desirable places to spoil yourself rotten - the urban retreat flagship spa sits ever so prettily on the top floor of . . .
putting the fun into fitness , frame doesn ' t do pounding the treadmill . instead of the ( guilt - inducing , unused ) monthly gym membership , frame has a drop - in , . . .
a large two floor pub within the nova victoria development , greenwood offers so much more than just beer . as well as a large central bar and . . .
the ebury closed on 5th november 2012 . when the ebury first opened up in what was a neglected corner of pimlico , replacing a grungy old man . . .
part of the rubens at the palace but open to non - residents as well as hotel guests , the leopard bar has an intimate atmosphere designed in elegant . . .
where to have your meeting , conference , exhibition , private dining or training course near hai cenato .
central london ' s largest conference and events venue has welcomed an array of illustrious speakers through the ages - including gandhi , churchill and the prince of wales . . . .
lin - manuel miranda ' s pulitzer prize winning hip hop musical , which won 11 tony awards in 2016 , tells the story of alexander . . . more
gymbox takes you through a ' game , set , relax ' workout in the lead up to wimbledon . it ' s one of seven â£5 . . . more
prepare to see glinda the good witch and the wicked witch of the west in a whole new light after . . . more
in october 1875 , the prince of wales , albert edward , set off on a four - month tour of the indian subcontinent . treasures . . . more
before the launch of eccleston place later this summer tart london is bringing a wimbledon - themed pop - up to the courtyard at . . . more
james macdonald directs kitty archer , pearl chanda , neil dudgeon , irfan shamji and sarah woodward in cordelia lynn ' s provocative drama about . . . more
large - scale works by the south african - born , london - based painter , addressing the longstanding art - historical tradition of the female nude , shown alongside sketches , . . . more
the artist , who was shortlisted for the turner prize in 2016 , transforms the heart of tate britain with sculpture and . . . more
shortlisted for the turner prize in 2016 , anthea hamilton is the next artist to undertake the tate britain commission . renowned . . . more
a century since the end of wwi tate britain takes a look at how artists responded to the physical and . . . more
this summer , high - end indian restaurant jamavar hosts the jamavar women ' s club in its subterranean bar . welcoming a number of inspirational women , it ' s an antidote to the traditional ' boy ' s clubs ' of mayfair and will celebrate the . . . more
smack bang in the middle of the west end with soho and covent garden are . . . more
based on oliver jeffers ' beautifully illustrated book , branar teatar do phaisti return to the southbank . . . more
from the creators of aliens love underpants comes monstersaurus , an energetic show full of science , . . . more
emily roux of the famous roux family and her husband and chef diego ferrari , head . . . more
open from breakfast to dinner , la goccia is the more casual restaurant at petersham nurseries . . . more
an antipodean - meets - south american coffee house and kitchen in the heart of covent garden . . . . more
chef rob roy cameron and drinks expert tony conigliaro are behind this elegant bar and restaurant on two floors of an edwardian building on mayfair ' s albemarle street . . . . more
he ' s one of the hottest playwrights in london right now - three of his plays . . . more
peter michael marino ' s successful solo show , desperately seeking . . . more
horrible histories , a marching band and roller disco come to smithfield market on the august . . . more
taking the hot tub to the next level , hottugs puts the humble hot tub on . . . more
even if you weren ' t at the rolling stones ' . . . more
instead of camden beach the roundhouse brings a brand new outdoor pop - up space that will . . . more
artist studios , an indoor event space and a canal - side bar in a victorian warehouse in hackney wick . . . . more
the co - founders of bottles & battles in mercato metropolitano have teamed up with pop - up restaurant , . . . more
popular izakaya flesh & buns is supersized for its second restaurant , the flagship in fitzrovia . . . . more
plant - based eating is trending in london . from burgers . . . more
from cheap budget places to stay to luxury 5 star hotels see our special offers for hai cenato hotels , including 41 hotel london from 81 % off .
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this material was last updated on 03 july 2018 . it covers the period from 01 january 1995 to 30 may 2018 .
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always looking after the locals ! come in and meet our team of passionate staff and owner operators brent and nicola prue .
proud to be contributors of the foodstuffs community trust - the trusts supports community organisations and causes . application forms available in store or online here .
open 7am to 8pm , 7 days . free wi - fi available . electric vehicle charger now available .
here , several businesses spring up in the middle of a pocket of houses bordered by the university of minnesota’s st . paul campus to the east and minnesota state highway 280 to the west .
muffuletta is celebrating its 35 - year anniversary this summer , and micawber’s will celebrate its 40 - year anniversary this fall .
“most moms did not work in the ’50s at all , ” she said . “she was kind of a pioneer for women working . ”
“we were basically raised over here . this was sort of our day care , ” o’malley said .
thomas bielenberg , who co - owns micawber’s books , said the neighborhood is “sort of the land that time forgot . ”
“we just wanted a change of pace , ” she said . “once we moved in , we realized pretty much everything we needed is within walking distance , which is really nice . ”
o’malley said she has friends who went to school on the st . paul campus three blocks away that didn’t know the area existed .
the fortunate people who have discovered the quaint area are happy to share their “little slice of life” , o’malley said , but they also covet the tranquility of their “unfound treasure . ”
“it’s sort of a fine line when all of a sudden too many people know about it , ” she said .
neighborhood residents comprise the majority of customers on a daily basis . older establishments , like muffuletta and micawber’s draw in many people from all over the twin cities .
parasole vice president of marketing kip clayton said muffuletta has been a popular hangout for university professors , grad students and their families for generations .
giesler said a lot of people from the st . paul campus dine there because of its close proximity .
“i’ve just had a lot of wonderful meals there over the years , ” giesler said . “i think it’s one of the places people count on for a good meal . ”
bielenberg said they don’t get a lot of students , but many professors live in the neighborhood and like to browse the store , which allows micawber’s to carry more scholarly or academic titles .
“they like it because it’s not connected to what they’re doing at the university , ” bielenberg said .
“our customers don’t expect to find every book here , and we don’t have several hundred thousand titles , ” he said . “but people come here because they know that the owners are here .
norton stillman , founder and previous owner of micawber’s , opened the store in 1972 . in 2003 he sold micawber’s to bielenberg and his business partner hans weyandt .
bielenberg and weyandt worked at hungry mind bookstore in st . paul and decided to go in to business together .
“i’ve never met anyone who planned on becoming a bookseller . it just sort of happens , ” weyandt said .
she added that , with the exception of minor renovations and necessary remodeling , her mother wants to keep the atmosphere the way it was when she bought it .
“i think she wants it to just continue on in the same way , ” o’malley said . “this has always been her favorite property . ”
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a new report indicates that the minneapolis police department ( mpd ) has encouraged emergency medical services ( ems ) to use ketamine to sedate suspects , even in cases when the individual was already restrained and in cases when there was no evidence of any crime committed .
some constituents in minnesota have been turning to congressional offices to speed immigration - related processes and services that normally take weeks , such as expediting applications , securing appointments and more .