the iqaluit public transit system operated from july 2003 to january 2005 to provide public transportation in iqaluit , nunavut , canada .

mounting costs and low ridership forced city council to cancel the service in late 2004 and it ceased operations in january 2005 .

iqaluit public transit

the public transit stream will provide funding to address the construction , expansion , and improvement of public transit infrastructure , and support active transportation projects that integrate
first - mile , last - mile
connectivity with a public transit system .
in montreal , toronto and vancouver , public transit is a strongly recommended alternative to driving .
, published by transit canada ( formerly the bc transit society ) . continued by
p . e . i . is getting $ 660 , 000 for public transit over three years . that ' s part of $ 3 . 4 billion being invested for public transit in canada over three years , starting in 2016 - 17 . funding will be provided through a new public transit infrastructure fund .
has been surveyed ( for most issues ) for mention of transit systems and cities with transit systems .
winnipeg transit , moving with winnipeg since 1882 , winnipeg transit , winnipeg ( manitoba ) , 1982 .
na transit , la transit : lethbridge , alberta , a photo gallery website at the url : urltoken 2002 .
oakville transit , oakville transit on - line , a world wide web site at the url : urltoken 1997 .
carpenter , matt , public transit in strathcona county : the first 57 years : 1957 - 2014 sherwood park : strathcona county , 2015 .
federal budget 2016 spends up to $ 3 . 4b in public transit to address ‘lost productivity , ’ but falls short of via rail demands
na transit , moose jaw transit : moose jaw , saskatchewan , a photo gallery website at the url : urltoken 2004 .
an all - candidates debate at iqaluit’s anglican parish hall , sponsored by nangminiq angiraliiit iqaluit association – a homeowner’s group – drew about 30 spectators .
nick newbery , iqaluit : gateway to baffin ( 1995 , revised 1999 ) .
with questions from the public randomly drawn , mayoral candidate little got more than one chance to hammer into a key plank of his platform , that of the council’s accountability to the public .
“ st . catharines transit commission history ” , a world wide web page at the st . catharines transit commission website , url : urltoken , 2007 .
there are many ways to access the internet , including a number of terminals at most public libraries .
parberry , darren , gta ( greater toronto area ) transit information - brantford transit - history , a world wide web page at the url : urltoken 2000 .
translink - coast mountain bus company and british columbia rapid transit co . ltd .
“iqaluit is the las vegas of the north , ” he said to chuckles from the audience .
iqaluit had transit until 2005 . service was two routes , and the fleet consisted of one school bus . it was canceled due to low ridership ( 28 riders per day ! )
jb 1997 . transit historian jean breton . electronic correspondence via jacques matte , 1997 .
kelly , brian and daniel francis . transit in british columbia : the first hundred years
well it looks like that whitehorse transit has all novas and 1 ic corp bus .
, november - december 1987 , pp . 3 - 19 . “quebec : part iii : public ownership , ”
nick newbery . 2012 . iqaluit . the canadian encyclopedia urltoken ( accessed july 9 , 2018 ) .
first capital transit society , a world wide web site at the url : urltoken 2010 .
the $ 660 , 000 for transit is a good start ,
said lee .
html public
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urltoken
i think it ' s more like iqaluit had transit since in 2005 . as you noted , the route was cancelled . i don ' t believe it was in service longer than a year .
bateson , paul a . ,
an olympian transit system : a short review of brampton transit
, a world wide web page at the url : urltoken , 2000 , 2001 .
nunatsiaq news 2010 - 12 - 10 : news : iqaluit council candidates field questions at dec . 7 debate
one month trial service operated by the city of iqaluit . ( ctn 2002 , 2003 , lawrence ) .
newbery , nick . 2012 . iqaluit . the canadian encyclopedia urltoken ( accessed july 9 , 2018 ) .
comox valley transit system , a world wide web site at the url : urltoken , 1998 .
i found another picture of a yellowknife transit bus on the website of a tour operator . it is interesting seeing transit styled thomas buses , you don ' t see too many of those .
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urltoken
when driving within montreal , vancouver or toronto keep in mind that these cities are densely populated and parking can be difficult to find and / or expensive . all three cities provide extensive public transit , so it is easy to park in a central location , or at your hotel or lodging , and still travel in the metropolitan area . you can usually obtain maps of the public transit systems at airports , subway kiosks , and train stations .
winans , patricia , “ public bus service came to moncton in 1920 , ” times & transcript , june 03 , 2011 .
cuta 1976 - 77 . the membership list of the canadian urban transit association for 1976 - 77 .
an additional $ 1 . 25 billion in funding for the public - private partnerships ( p3 ) canada fund administered by ppp canada .
rfc . personal correspondence from transit historian ray f . corley of scarborough , ontario , 21 september 1995 .
sanders , harry max , calgary transit : a centennial history , calgary : city of calgary , 2009 .
nick newbery , r . the canadian encyclopedia . ( 2012 ) . iqaluit . retrieved july 9 , 2018 , from urltoken
mansell was the only candidate to bring trilingual pamphlets laying out his platform : fixing the dump , public safety , tax collection and tourism .
greenhouse gas mitigation investments that will result in reduced greenhouse gas emissions , such as electricity generation and transmission ( e . g . smart grid and renewables ) , built environment ( i . e . energy efficiency ) , transportation ( e . g . electric vehicles and alternative fuel infrastructure ) , active transportation infrastructure , higher order rapid transit ( e . g . , heavy rail , subway , light rail transit , or bus rapid transit ) or the adoption of vehicles that use a renewable fuel source ( e . g . fleet electrification ) in a public transit fleet ;
, 1998 - 2000 . ( listing of contact telephone numbers and web sites for southern ontario transit systems . )
newbery , n . . r . the canadian encyclopedia . ( 2012 ) . iqaluit . retrieved july 9 , 2018 from urltoken
newbery , n . . r . the canadian encyclopedia . ( 2012 ) . iqaluit . retrieved july 9 , 2018 from urltoken
newbery , nick .
iqaluit .
in the canadian encyclopedia . historica canada , 1985— . article published august 7 , 2012
nick newbery .
iqaluit
in the canadian encyclopedia . historica canada , 1985– . article published august 6 , 2012 . urltoken
the community improvement fund , consisting of the gas tax fund and the incremental goods and services tax rebate for municipalities , which will provide over $ 32 billion to municipalities for projects such as roads , public transit and recreational facilities , and other community infrastructure .
devries has run for council in the past , but his main source of fame in iqaluit is his open advocacy of marijuana use .
newbery , nick .
iqaluit
. the canadian encyclopedia . toronto : historica canada , 2012 . web . 7 aug 2012 .
newbery , nick .
iqaluit
. the canadian encyclopedia . toronto : historica canada , 2012 . web . 7 aug 2012 .
\ maps . in 1987 the city of winnipeg transit system collection of transit system maps and guides was examined , recording system names , and addresses . while the data collected was undated , some of that information has been included here .
city of saint albert , “transit : history , ” a world wide web page at the url : urltoken 2003 .
whitehorse has a transit service , that at one time employeed a number of ex calgary transit orion i ' s . i believe , the fleet now includes a number of nova bus lfs ' s . whitehorse , i believe , also has a streetcar line . more of a tourist attraction than a part of the transit system . yellowknife has a transit system . i believe it is / was run by cardinal coach lines . they at one time used school bus type vehicles .
candidates for the dec . 13 iqaluit municipal election took lots of questions dec . 7 — and the answer was almost always “yes . ”
nick newbery
iqaluit
the canadian encyclopedia . eds . . toronto : historica canada , 2012 . web . 9 jul . 2018 .
another recurring issue concerned establishing a bus service in iqaluit , one of the few issues that more than one candidate got the opportunity to address .
mansell said he would find out why the last attempt to establish a bus route in iqaluit didn’t work , but supported the idea in principle .
2015 - 07 _ nr _ gn _ goc _ iqaluit _ marine _ port _ and _ sea _ lift _ facility - eng . pdf
this list reflects the use of several general sources of information about the street railway and transit industry in canada . this includes :
wilson , dale , “international transit company” , chapter 3 of algoma rails , nickel belt rails , 2009 , pp . 59–69 .
wheels of progress : a story of the development of toronto and its public transportation services , fifth edition , toronto transportation commission , toronto ( ontario ) , 1953 .
she said that the city should work with iqaluit housing authority and make sure that high - density housing does not become a focus of social problems .
tingley , ken , ride of the century : the story of the edmonton transit system , edmonton : city of edmonton , 2011 .
na transit , societe de transport de l ' outaouais ( sto ) , a photo gallery website at the url : urltoken 2003 .
cornwall transit ( jan 1971 - nov 1974 by a . j . mcdonald limited , 1974 - present by the city of cornwall )
be aware that most canadian provinces have banned all indoor smoking in public places and near entrances . some bans include areas such as bus shelters and outdoor patios . see smoking .
as the integrated bilateral agreements will support a wide range of public infrastructure projects , the government of canada is expecting to achieve a number of outcomes across the four funding streams .
, volume xii , no . 10 , canadian urban transit association , toronto ( ontario ) , october 1989 . ( “excerpted from the booklet
oldfield , richard , tillsonburg transit : another one bites the dust . . . , a web site at the url urltoken , 2002 .
redfern also fielded the night’s only question on the construction of apartment complexes in iqaluit and whether single - family houses were better for the city to concentrate on .
. in 1987 , its residents decided to change the name from frobisher bay to iqaluit , thus reverting to its original inuktitut name meaning
many fish .
krystalle ramlakhan is a multi - platform journalist with cbc ottawa . she has also worked for cbc in p . e . i . , winnipeg and iqaluit .
i didn ' t know where this should go , so i put it here . anyways is there any transit in this part of canada ?
iqaluit has become the gateway to the eastern arctic both logistically and culturally because it has successfully managed to blend modern facilities and technology with long - time inuit traditions .
the honourable joe savikataaq , m . l . a . minister of community and government services government of nunavut p . o . box 1200 iqaluit , nunavut x0a 0h0
but she said a priority for youth should be finishing high school , and suggested the city could work with the iqaluit district education authority to try to reduce truancy and dropouts .
“transit in port alberni , b . c . , ” canadian coach , september 1968 , vol . iv , no . 9 , p . 5 .
the provincial and territorial allocation is determined by a formula based on ridership ( 70 % ) and population ( 30 % ) . given that nunavut does not have any public transit systems , the territorial allocation based on population , which is $ 6 , 067 , 664 , can be managed under the parameters of the rural and northern communities infrastructure stream .
copyright © 1995 - 2018 nortext publishing corporation ( iqaluit ) and may not be reprinted for commercial publication in print , or any other media , without the permission of the publisher .
iqaluit , nunavut , incorporated as a city in 2001 , population 7 , 740 ( 2016 c ) , 6 , 699 ( 2011 c ) . iqaluit is the capital and largest community in canada’s newest territory , nunavut . it is also the territory ' s only city . iqaluit is situated at the northeast head of frobisher bay , on southern baffin island . in an area long used by the inuit and their ancestors , it is surrounded by hills close to the sylvia grinnell river and looks across the bay to the mountains of the meta incognita peninsula .
and all nunavut communities . it has a modern airport with daily flights to and from the south . in summer , despite its high tides , the city also becomes a port , handling the annual sealift of heavy supplies . rapid growth of the city has seen the advent of more vehicles and the start of southern - style trappings such as street names and public transit .
other . transit histories have been published for some cities . where these have been used ( a function of their availability ) they are cited under the individual cities .
via rail is targeting large public sector pension funds for the approximately $ 2 billion it would cost to build the track and signalling infrastructure for a dedicated passenger rail network in the montreal - ottawa - toronto corridor .
the loudest round of applause went to council candidate devries for his closing statement , in which he said the homeless of iqaluit should be a priority , the first time this subject came up .
hayward answered more than one question related to tourism , and said iqaluit needs arts and crafts and performing arts centres to draw tourists , as well as more hotel and meeting space for conferences .
wayman , easten , saskatoon ' s electric transit : the story of saskatoon ' s streetcars and trolley buses , railfare enterprises limited , hawkesbury ( ontario ) , 1988 .
asked what he would do to help the increasing number of elders who live in iqaluit , kaludjak returned to one of his early campaign priorities , the need for better access roads out of town .
many nunavut communities have taxi service , often operated as shared taxis . a 1998 survey indicated sixteen communities with local taxi services . iqaluit is the territory ' s most populous community and capital city .
this infrastructure investment will generate further economic development and growth in iqaluit , nunavut’s capital , while opening new and improved opportunities for nunavummiut to benefit from the regions recreational , natural resource and tourism potential .
, research report no . 39 , by maximus h . perera . published by the university of toronto / york university joint program in transportation , toronto ( ontario ) , 1977 . perera states “there are 47 cities , towns and townships in ontario with public transit systems . ” ( p . 12 ) but provides a list of 49 municipalities receiving transit operating subsidies from the provincial government . accounting for kitchener and waterloo as two places sharing one system , that still leaves one extra on his list . an appendix also contains a name - and - address list of contacts .
nicol , kevin , “woodstock transit – 50th anniversary – 1962 - 2012” , transfer points , vol . xxxix no . 3 , march 2013 , toronto : toronto transportation society .
at this time , i am happy to provide you with details regarding the funding that will be delivered through an integrated bilateral agreement between canada and nunavut . this bilateral agreement will support public transit infrastructure , green infrastructure , community , culture and recreation infrastructure , as well as infrastructure in rural and northern communities . you will find below an overview of this program and additional information can be found in the annex .
by b . sotnyk , published by the ministry of transportation and communications , toronto ( ontario ) , november 1984 . ( 1981 - 82 transit data , much from cuta ) .
in october last year , t3 transit said over the next two years about $ 2 million was needed to upgrade the fleet , but those improvements would last for another five to seven years .
the rural and northern communities infrastructure stream will support the unique and wide - ranging infrastructure priorities in small , rural and remote communities such as facilities that support food security , local roads , renewable energy and enhanced broadband connectivity . projects eligible under the public transit , green and community , culture and recreation streams will also be eligible under the rural and northern communities infrastructure stream but only after the applicable funding from the other streams has been exhausted .
knowles , j . d . ,
transit equipment history of north bay , ontario ,
canadian coach , vol . vii no . 11 , november 1971 , pp . 3 - 4 .
nunatsiaq news , po box 8 , iqaluit , nu x0a 0h0 • ph . ( 867 ) 979 - 5357 • fax ( 867 ) 979 - 4763 • 1 - 800 - 263 - 1452 ext 131 • fax : 1 - 800 - 417 - 2474
that orion i is not an ex - calgary transit orion i . calgary ' s never had the two peice front doors and as well , did not have the slightly longer back end like the one shown in the photo .
on that and several questions kaludjak said he would have the city administration review the situation to decide on a course of action : the high cost of buying lots , whether iqaluit should have sidewalks —he said that was his preference — and building a new city hall .
most major airports are served by public transit . this consists of feeder buses running at peak frequencies ranging from five to fifteen minutes or less ( toronto , montreal , winnipeg , ottawa ) . service may be spotty or nonexistent late at night or on weekends if you are outside the major centres . to travel to the city centre / downtown , one or more connections are required in all cities except vancouver , montreal , winnipeg and ottawa , making a taxi or shuttle a better idea for large groups or those with a lot of luggage .
voith , allison , “public transportation in newfoundland” , part i : canadian coach magazine , vol . ix , no . 5 , september–october 1973 , pp . 3 - 9 ; part ii : canadian coach magazine , vol . ix , no . 6 , november–december 1973 , pp . 10 - 11 , 13 .
by john f . due , published by the university of toronto press , toronto ( ontario ) , 1966 . this book is an economics study of the interurban railways of canada , and necessarily discusses the common origins that industry shared with urban transit .
according to the most recent data , one per cent of yellowknife residents are choosing to leave their cars and bikes at home and let city transit take them where they need to go ; a statistic city officials want to increase in the coming year .
projects that are ready to go in charlottetown include the miltonvale water supply , the final phase of the spring park combined sewer separation project , updating the transit fleet , and a roundabout at belvedere avenue and st . peters road , where the engineering work is already underway .
iqaluit municipal election candidats at the anglican parish hall dec . 7 . from left : steve mansell for council , al hayward , paul kaludjak , jim little , and madeleine redfern for mayor and ed devries for council . council candidate joanasie akumalik could not attend because he was weathered into cape dorset . ( photo by gabriel zárate )
the government of canada is committed to accountability . to this end , provinces and territories will be required to attest that federal funding received under the integrated bilateral agreements does not displace their infrastructure spending on each of the asset classes funded through the four streams of the new program . provincial and territorial governments will still have the flexibility to move infrastructure investments between projects within the same asset class as required to get the most benefit from our combined investments . planned projects already identified in a provincial , territorial or municipal long - term infrastructure plan will be eligible for funding . provinces will be asked to attest that investments in municipal assets in the public transit stream do not displace municipal spending in this asset class .
halifax - home to the second largest natural harbour in the world , halifax is rich in history with architecture dating back to colonial times . the city is very compact and walkable , meaning most amenities are just a short walk away ( if you ' re downtown ) , such as the citadel hill , canadian museum of the atlantic , the public gardens ( oldest park in canada ) , and pier 21 .
the high floor buses work well in this town . there are ruts and dips all over the roads due to the extreme temperatures experienced . first transit staff feel that low floor buses would not work in yellowknife as they would bottom out and after having driven a rental car on the city streets , i agree with them .
. a monthly publication of the dominion bureau of statistics ( dbs ) . this publication occasionally made note of events in canadian transit , usually only by city name and not carrier . library holdings included only volumes 7 and 8 ( 1953 and 1954 ) , cs53 - d . was replaced in 1955 by the monthly dbs / statistics canada
canada ' s southern neighbour , the united states , can become a side trip from canada or even a major part of your vacation . places like niagara falls , new york state , new york city , detroit , and seattle are easily reached on public transportation or on foot in some cases . see the main article on the u . s . for entry requirements - if you need a visa be sure to apply well in advance .
we are committed to publicly report on the progress under this program in order to demonstrate how these investments are achieving measurable and concrete results for canadians . performance measures for infrastructure investments will be included in the agreements signed between the federal government and the provinces and territories . for key outcomes and results , this will include common definitions and negotiated targets . we will work collaboratively with provinces and territories to ensure that we have an effective way to measure and report on key outcomes and results over time . information on the projects funded through the program , the climate lens , and the community employment benefits reporting framework will be publicly reported on a website of the government of canada , in a way similar to the public transit infrastructure fund ( ptif ) and clean water and wastewater fund ( cwwf ) programs .
our government’s has been providing record support for public infrastructure in nunavut . marine infrastructure is very important to our communities and as m . p for nunavut i am proud to have championed this project as it will directly benefit nunavummiut . our government will continue to work with the government of nunavut to ensure infrastructure funding continues to flow in our territory as we focus on creating jobs , promoting growth , and building strong , prosperous communities across canada’s north .
as minister of economic development and transportation and mla for iqaluit - manirajak , this is truly great news . this will fundamentally change resupply here and into the communities . new marine infrastructure is crucial to improving the lives of all nunavummiut and is a vital part of the nunavut transportation strategy , ingirrasiliqta . we look forward to continuing to work with the government of canada to build marine facilities in other nunavut communities .
the nunavut final agreement between the federal government and inuit leaders was signed in 1993 , setting the direction for the creation of the new territory of nunavut in 1999 . two years later , iqaluit was chosen to be the territorial capital . this brought rapid change : construction and employment opportunities boomed , with a corresponding population increase ( 47 per cent between 1991 and 2001 ) . today , over half of the population is inuit .
cities , towns and regions often have their own police forces , with the toronto , vancouver and montreal forces being three of the largest . some cities also have special transit police who have full police powers . some quasi - government agencies , such as universities and power utilities also employ private special police . the canadian national railway and canadian pacific railway each have their own police force .
here are some yellowknife transit shots taken during a visit on april 29 and 30th . yellowknife has 10 buses in the fleet which includes 2 cutaway buses that are only used in paratrans service . i was surprised to see the bluebird tc2000 still in service as it was not included in the yellowknife fleet survey in 2009 that was submitted to cuta and used for the cthf street side guide .
iqaluit is canada’s most northerly capital . its municipal administration consists of a mayor and eight councillors elected citywide for a four - year term . it provides the usual community services and faces the same municipal issues that confront most other canadian local administrations . what makes it different is that it serves a diverse mix of citizens who have moved there from others parts of nunavut and canada , while trying to preserve a balance between inuit traditions and more recent changes brought from the south .
as in more southerly cities , iqaluit has the full range of services , such as a modern hospital , banks , law courts , schools , day cares and service clubs . the main campus of nunavut arctic college is located here . there is also a museum , a visitors ' centre , art galleries , several churches , a mosque , satellite communications and an up - to - date computer network . there is a small but vibrant francophone community with its own school and community centre .
the north ( northwest territories , nunavut , yukon ) the territories are some of the most remote regions on earth and constitute most of canada ' s landmass . though more known for their unique fauna and landscapes , the territories also have some interesting human settlements , including dawson city , a city that looks nearly untouched from the gold rush of 1898 , and iqaluit , canada ' s newest territorial capital , which is home to some interestingly adaptive architecture to the harsh climate of the north .
and since the service is accessible but has high floor buses mixed in , you would call into the transit department to tell them you need a low floor on your route for a particular run . if a high floor is assigned to your route for the day , they would get a low floor off another run and ask the driver on that bus for to do your run , while the high floor driver covers the other run .
however , it is still the strength of the land that dominates life in iqaluit and the arctic . although a host of indoor programs , often sport oriented , are offered during the winter , many recreational pastimes — snowmobiling , camping , hunting , boating and hiking — are linked to the great outdoors . three nearby territorial parks ( qaummaarviit , katannilik and sylvia grinnell ) are accessible through local outfitters via boat , snowmobile or dog team , and people from all backgrounds enjoy the easy access to nature and northern flora and fauna .
wi - fi access is common in cities and can be found at most coffee shops , public libraries , and some restaurants . although some locations charge an excessive fee for its use , others provide free wifi , including blenz coffee houses , mcdonalds , second cup , tim horton ' s , and starbucks . note that purchasing the establishment ' s product is expected , even if they are charging for internet access . buying a small coffee or tea typically meets this requirement . most airports and certain via rail stations also offer free wi - fi in passenger areas . see urltoken for a partial listing of establishments offering free wifi .
by northern standards , the city is a hub of political activity . as the capital , it houses the territorial legislative assembly , all government departments and is the home for many inuit birthright organizations . for these reasons , it is the linchpin of the three nunavut regions of qikiqtaaluk ( baffin ) , kivalliq and kitikmeot . the small satellite community of apex is five kilometres east of iqaluit . nestled around an old - style hudson ' s bay company store , it came into being in the 1950s as a model village for the inuit , built by the canadian government .
bankruptcy and debt related litigation are public records that will come up in background checks and are considered character concerns - refusal is very likely unless you can make and prove a highly compelling case for it to be set aside ( such as if the judgement resulted from identity theft or a disability ) . if this describes you , and you can afford it - discuss your situation with an immigration attorney prior to making travel plans or applying for a visa . keep in mind also that depending on the jurisdiction where the bankruptcy or litigation occurred ( such as australia and the united kingdom ) you may not be allowed to travel internationally at all , or may require a waiver or permission from the court .
generally the only people who legally permitted to carry handguns in public are federal , provincial , and municipal police , border services officers , wildlife officers in most provinces , sheriff ' s officers in some provinces , private security guards who transport money and people who work in remote
wilderness
areas who are properly licensed . it is possible to import non - prohibited firearms such as most types of rifle and shotgun for sporting purposes like target shooting and hunting , and non - prohibited handguns for target shooting may also be imported with the correct paperwork . prohibited firearms will be seized at customs and destroyed . travellers should check with the canada firearms centre [ 61 ] and the canada border services agency [ 62 ] before importing firearms of any type before arrival .
greenland , canada ' s major eastern island neighbour , despite being separated by less than 50km of water in some locations is not easily accessible from north america . the flag carrier air greenland flies from iqaluit in nunavut ( yfb ) to the capital nuuk ( goh ) twice a week from june through september . seasonal flights are also available from reykjavik , iceland ( kef ) and year round via copenhagen ( cph ) . another , albeit more expensive option are the summer cruise ships originating in both the u . s . and canada . despite the relative difficulty of reaching the island , the untouched natural arctic beauty of one of the most remote places on earth makes it well worth the effort .
if your default us time is going to run out while you are in canada , and you want to return to the us direct from canada , you need to apply for a us visa with a longer time period ( eg b - 1 / b - 2 , or a c - 1 transit visa ) before your first trip through the us . for example , if you are going to stay in canada for six months , and you transit through the us on a visa waiver , then the us will regard your six months in canada as not allowing you to return to the us without leaving north america first , as you have stayed more than 90 days in north america in total . note that in this scenario , you have not done anything wrong by visiting the us and then staying in canada for a long time , simply that the us will not allow you to return directly from canada , you have to reset their clock by leaving north america . visa waiver travellers may be able to avoid this by returning their i - 94w ( green ) form to their airline upon departing the us , or to the canadian immigration inspector if entering canada by land ; since the us has no outbound immigration check , it ' s up to the traveller to remember this .
trying to distil the climate of canada into an easy - to - understand statement is impossible , given the vast area and diverse geography within the country . overall , in most places , winters are harsh compared to much of the world , on par with northern eurasia . the most populated region , southern ontario , has a less severe climate , similar to the bordering regions of the midwestern and northeastern united states . iqaluit , the capital of nunavut , is just south of the arctic circle and remains very cold except for the months of july and august , when the july average maximum is only 12°c ( 54°f ) . on the other hand , the coastlines of british columbia are very mild for their latitude , remaining above freezing for most of winter , yet they are not far away from some of the largest mountain glaciers found on the continent .
four people — allen hayward , paul kaludjak , jim little and madeleine redfern — are running for mayor .
and three people — joanasie akumalik , ed devries and stephen mansell — are contesting one vacant council seat . akumalik , who was weathered in at cape dorset , could not attend the gathering .
each candidate was given one minute to answer questions read by moderator lynda gunn .
but only one candidate could answer any given question , making it difficult to compare their positions on issues .
hayward , a mayoral candidate and former city councillor earned the first round applause when he criticized the city’s longstanding practice of publishing the names of delinquent property taxpayers and doing little else to collect the money .
“the city has to revisit the issue of garnishing wages and having court action against people that refuse to pay because these are the same people that are a burden on our society and our community , ” he said .
“what about the guy who’s getting kicked out of the shelter at eight in the morning on a - 40 degree day ? why don’t we have a place for them to go ? what about the women that are abused in this town ? ” he said .
his next court appearance on charges of marijuana apossession and trafficking is set for jan . 15 , 2011 .
while giving his opening statement , devries urged voters to look past his reputation and vote for someone who would stand up for them .
first - time council candidate mansell responded to one of several questions on topics that aren’t within the city’s jurisdiction : a question about drug dealers .
mansell responded by saying this matter is the responsibility of the rcmp and crown lawyers .
however , he proposed more cooperation with those agencies , the expansion of emergency services , and the establishment of an anonymous tip line for iqalummiut who want to report illegal activity but don’t feel they can do that from their homes .
another non - city question went to the sole woman running for mayor , redfern , on economic development for youth , a domain which is largely the responsibility of the gn .
despite the absence of any unilingual inuktitut - speakers in the audience , mayoral candidate kaludjak answered each question in inuktitut and english , halving his effective response time .
judging by the questions drawn , it was clear that litter and sanitation were recurring concerns .
redfern said the city should put out more garbage cans , including dumpsters on the beach for hunters returning from trips , while devries said the city needs to recycle and continue shipping out scrap metal , and he recommended the city keep using the contaminated land in the west 40 area as a place to store waste .
“it’s a great spot out there right where we dumped that metal , ” he said . “the land unfortunately is contaminated and it’s going to take a huge effort to reclaim that land into any kind of green state again . so let’s not contaminate other lands . ”
redfern said there were creative solutions that other small communities in canada have implemented , such as subsidized taxis .
but little turned the bus question – as he did with other questions – toward another of his longstanding causes , the safety of non - motorists .
he said a bus route was part of that , as is removing rocks and boulders along city streets .
a question directed at hayward asked whether he would support a hotel tax , to which he replied that the last time the city had looked at it they found the matter was under the jurisdiction of the gn .
but he said he supported the idea of user fees like a hotel tax , and promised that as mayor he’d push for it with the revenues split between the city and nunavut tourism .
in a response to a later question about youth and recreation , redfern expressed concerns about the kinds of user fees that hayward said he supports .
“one of the things we also need to look is that when we do maybe impose user fees that we don’t make it inaccessible to those who cannot pay or who cannot afford , ” she said .
“it is important to remember these are also members of our community and we have to work as a community to find solutions together , ” she said .
the 1998 nunavut handbook , a world wide web site at the url : urltoken , 1999 .
the author is always interested in comments , corrections and further information . please email to : dawwpg @ urltoken this page last modified : wednesday , 30 - nov - 2011 13 : 24 : 21 cst
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, university of calgary , master of science ( civil engineering ) thesis , calgary ( alberta ) , 1978 . [ brander 1978 ] .
) . volume ix , 1973 , reviewed on microfilm . volumes i through x , 1965 through 1974 accessed in originals or photocopies .
coffee , john m . , jr . , and harold v . ford ,
, fourth edition , volume one : the listing , boston : the catalogue committee of the american vecturist association , 1983 .
. industry periodical covering most aspects of transportation in canada . issues for 1931 , 1932 and 1933 surveyed .
. cuta toronto , january 1992 . the list is dated 09 september 1991 .
published by the dominion bureau of statistics . this publication ( from 1905 ) included a list of the operating electric railways in canada , eventually listing which were municipally run and the closure dates for electric railway operations . the cyb was consulted from 1905 to the mid 1940s .
, compiled by robert dorman . this reference was scanned for information about canadian animal , electric , and street railways and tramways incorporated , authorized , dissolved or otherwise the matter of statutory reference in dominion , provincial or territorial legislation . ( dorman apparently neglected all legislative reference to animal or electric railways or tramways in the maritimes , since none , not even halifax or saint john , are listed . )
, report 48 , by peter dawes , christopher h . prentice and brian e . sullivan , published by the systems analysis branch , canadian transport commission , ottawa ( ontario ) , october 1972 . “this report presents a universe or list of all ` canadian bus companies or authorities engaged in intercity , rural or urban common carriage , scheduled and unscheduled ' . ” - - - dawes
1972 p . 3 . it lists 1060 bus operators but neither their service localities nor service types .
lawrence , loring m . , “the bus that brantford built : the story of fitzjohn in canada , ”
( bus history association ) , vol . 26 , no . 100 , october 2012 , pp . 22 - 53 and 55 - 56 .
by j . edward martin . studio e , delta ( british columbia ) , 1994 .
, new york : mcgraw - hill company , inc . , 1918 ( reprinted 1970 harold e . cox , forty fort , pa )
niagara , st . catharines & toronto : history of the niagara , st . catharines & toronto railway
by john m . mills . upper canada railway society , scarborough ( ontario ) and ontario electric railway historical association , toronto ( ontario ) , 1967 . this book covers the histories of the
, and the local services in niagara falls , welland , and saint catharines .
by john mills . railfare enterprises limited , montréal ( québec ) , 1977 . this book covers the histories of the
rs . personal correspondence from robert saxon of princeton , nj , 16 may 1994 , 25 july 1994 .
edited by j . h . shortreed and published by the transport group , department of civil engineering , university of waterloo , waterloo ( ontario ) , may 1974 .
by derek scrafton and susan van steenburgh , published by the transportation policy and research branch , ministry of transport , ottawa ( ontario ) , april 1970 .
by david e . stephens . lancelot press , windsor ( nova scotia ) , 1972 .
. headlights vol . 51 & vol . 52 , 1989 - 1990 . new york city : electric railroaders ' association , inc . , 1991 .
, trolley bus bulletin 109 . north american trackless trolley association , 1979 . this work lists detailed information about canadian ( and american ) trolley bus systems , including dates of commencement and termination , and names of system operators .
( cs53 - 002 ) which appears not to mention particular cities or systems .
bonin , hugues w . , “le chemin de fer asbestos et danville : vous connaissez ? ” , canadian rail , no . 414 , january - february 1990 , pp . 3 - 13 . ( article is in english ) .
whyte , jon , and carole harmon . lake louise : a diamond in the wilderness , altitude publishing , banff ( alberta ) , 1982 , pp . 34 - 35 .
leger , paul a . , “north shore transport ltd . : memories of a nearly forgotten bus service in bathurst , new brunswick , ” bus industry , vol . 21 , no . 79 , march 2006 , pp . 16 - 17 .
n . d . lea & associates and stanley associates engineering . shared ride taxi implementation and evaluation study : the battlefords saskatchewan : evaluation report , n . d . lea & associates , regina ? ( saskatchewan ) , n . d . circa 1980 .
kennedy , r . l . , “thurlow railway” , old time trains , a web site at the url : urltoken 2011 .
bown , charlie
bell island - tramway ,
a world wide web page at the url : urltoken 2003 .
parker , douglas v . , “the brandon municipal railway” , canadian rail , no . 168 , july / august 1965 , pp . 128 - 134 .
opm - unpublished data and records from orin p . maus of brantford , ontario . provided by ray f . corley of scarborough , ontario , 1996 .
thorning , stephen , “valuing our history : arrow bus lines operated a substantial transportation network , ” the wellington advertiser , online article vol . 47 , issue 10 , 2014 .
lawrence , loring m . , with paul a . leger , “a new era begins in charlottetown , ” bus industry , vol . 21 , no . 82 , december 2006 , pp . 32 - 43 .
( frontspiece title ) , chatham , on : county of kent and city of chatham , 1952 , pp . 544 - 547 .
come walking and leave early : a pictoral history of the chatham wallaceburg and lake erie electric railway co .
wyatt , david a . , notes towards a street railway history of chatham , ontario , world wide web ( 1997 ) document at the url : urltoken , 1997 .
ross , greg , “burley once , burley twice , ” bus industry , vol . 6 , no . 1 , jan - feb 1979 , pp . 7 - 14 .
miller , w . e . , cornwall street railway light & power co . , a world wide web document at the url : urltoken 1997 - 1999 .
tanke , darren h . , “remember me : harold d . r . lowe ( 1886 - 1952 ) , a forgotten name in early albertan vertebrate palaeontology history , ” alberta palaeontological society bulletin , vol . 23 , no . 1 , march 2008 , pp . 16 - 18 .
levesque , j . c . , “madawaska bus service international tokens : madawaska , maine & edmundston , nb , ” le forum , vol . 37 , no . 3 , spring 2015 , pp . 5 - 8 . ( orono , maine : le centre franco - américain , université de maine )
jarvis , stephanie , lois burke and joyce henderson , flin flon : a visual history 1933 - 1983 , flin flon : flin flon jubilee committee , 1983 .
, volume xii , number 5 , september - october 1976 , pp . 10 - 16 .
, guelph : guelph historical society , 1977 , pp . 272 , 285 - 289 .
miller , w . e . , guelph radial railway , a world wide web page at the url : urltoken 1998 .
artz - unpublished data and records from dan artz . provided by ray f . corley of scarborough , ontario , 1996 .
, published as the december 1994 issue ( vol . 15 , no . 62 ) of
“nova scotia light and power co . ' s halifax tramway system , ” canadian railway and marine world , february 1933 , pp . 70 - 72 .
, canadian traction series volume 2 , upper canada railway society , toronto ( ontario ) and the ontario electric railway historical association , scarborough ( ontario ) , 1971 .
, effective october 10 / 1976 , collection of f . r . jelfs .
walker , r . gerry , “the b . c . coach lines story : a short history of an important acquisition by the new coachways system . , ” urltoken , a world wide web page at the url : http : / / www . urltoken / library / bus / bc _ coach _ lines - history . html 2018 . reprinted from the coachways thunderbird , volume 1 , number 1 ( june / july 1966 ) .
smith , ivan , “ cornwallis valley railway , ” the railways of nova scotia , 1999 .
, the kingston division of the canadian railroad historical association , kingston ( ontario ) , 1994 .
roth , george and william clack , canadian pacific ' s electric lines : ( grand river railway and the lake erie & northern railway ) , b . r . m . n . a . , calgary ( alberta ) , 1987 .
lacombe and blindman valley electric railway , a world wide web page at the url : urltoken 2015 .
lawrence , loring m . , “bha montreal convention , ” bus industry , vol . 18 , no . 67 , december 2000 , pp . 18 - 23 .
, passenger transport enterprises , vancouver ( british columbia ) and lethbridge ( alberta ) , n . d . (
grumley , j . r . thomas , levis tramways company , bytown railway society , ottawa ( ontario ) , 2011 .
johnson , bob , “british columbia ' s backcountry locals , ” trains , vol . 68 , no . 5 ( may 2008 ) , pp . 50 - 55 .
chant , robert , liverpool & milton railway ( 1897 - 1923 ) , a world wide web page on the “railways of canada archives” web site at the url : urltoken , 2000 ; relocated to urltoken by 2012 .
port stanley terminal rail , a world wide web site at the url : “ urltoken ” , 1997 .
penetang - midland coach lines ( p m c l ) . . . . a corporate history of the dubeau family of penetanguishene , a world wide we page at the url : urltoken , 2011 .
knowles , jack , ian macdonald , bob pineault and rod semple ,
arrow bus lines
, transfer points , vol . xxi , no . 7 ( september 1996 ) and vol . xxii , no . 1 ( january 1997 ) .
, canadian railroad historical association , st . - constant ( québec ) , 1990 .
binns , richard m . ,
the montreal park and island railway co . and its rolling stock ,
, no . 433 , march - april 1993 , canadian railroad historical association , st . - constant ( québec ) , pp . 39 - 70 .
the stcum in brief ,
a world wide web site at the url : urltoken , 2000 . note the links listed under
history / archives
.
, railfare dc books ( pickering , on & montreal , qc ) , 2008 .


lindholme gear ( also known as air sea rescue apparatus mk 4 ) was a british air-dropped rescue equipment designed during the second world war to aid survivors in the water and was still in use in the 21st century .

lindholme gear

lindholme gear is five cylinder - shaped containers joined together by lengths of floating rope .
i wonder if this gear is the lindholme asr equipment mostly associated with the warwick asr aircraft .
we usually dropped upwind from the shack . this navigator did drop a lindholme gear and saved a few lives .
then in use . the lindholme gear is five cylinder - shaped containers joined together by lengths of floating rope .
finally 204 asr stage c or mk i aircraft were built . these could operate in four different configurations – lindholme gear only ; lifeboat mk i and lindholme gear ; the heavier lifeboat mk ii only ; or long range with extra fuel .
next came twenty asr stage b aircraft . these carried the lifeboat , two sets of lindholme gear and were equipped with asv radar .
a raf training film produced by nettlefold at burgh island studios . shows air - sea rescue by dropping five containers with the lindholme dinghy gear and food and drink .
next came ten asr stage a aircraft . these could carry the airborne lifeboat mk i , designed to be dropped directly into the sea and two sets of lindholme gear .
hi kahu1 , please pm me , i have some info on lindholme containers . cheers hangarman
as fareastdriver says , the lindholme or later asra gear was heavily drogued for the reasons stated . somewhere i have a copy of the dropping procedure used on the nimrod . if i can find it i shall scan it and post it here . ys
i would have thought that the lindeholme gear would have had water anchors and would have stayed where it was in the water . the survivors would then pull theirs up and drift towards it . survivors can paddle crosswind ; lindeholme gear cannot .
the sar equipment carried by the standby aircraft is called lindholme gear , after the raf station which invented it , and is a series of dinghies and survival packs joined by buoyant rope . the string of equipment is dropped upwind of survivors and floats downwind to them .
please can anyone point me in the right direction ? i am building a sanger models ( vac - form ) avro shackleton mr2 and am searching for some photos of the lindholme gear carried in the bomb bay of said
growler
/ 22000 rivets in close formation
.
the lindholme gear are the three ' stacked ' containers , whilst the large container with shj 1 on the end is a cle mk 3 paratroop supplies container in use as a land supplies container . the other two items are smoke floats or parachute flares ( not sure ) .
the gear would be carried in the weapons bay of the aircraft and dropped in a long line up - wind of the survivors .
the lindholme asra ( air sea rescue apparatus ) were linked together by a bouyant rope and they were two containers with supplies and a larger container containing a life raft .
believe it or not i do recollect that the gear was tested by dropping it into the river trent lower reaches . the defiant may have been the aircraft test platform .
the most important use of the warwick was as an air - sea rescue aircraft . it was decided to equip these aircraft with lindholme rescue gear and with air - droppable lifeboats . the asr warwick entered service in small numbers late in 1943 , and appeared in large numbers in 1944 , operating from bases around the british coast , on iceland , in the mediterranean and over the bay of bengal .
lindholme containers were made from waxed cardboard tubes with a metal cap on one end and the other end closed by fabric flaps retaining the parachute and hanks of bouyant rope , all three containers were yellow in colour .
. . . it would indicate the historical progression of development for airdropped dinghies was the defiants and others using type ms - the defiant asr was active in the med in 1942 - to airdropped hardhulled lifeboats like the uffa fox boat also dropped by the warwick . . . active from 1944 onwards . . . to the lindholme gear which was designed alongside them as the hardhulled lifeboats weren ' t overly satisfactory .
this may help . shack mr3 phase 3 sharja asr standby . we also hung lindholme on to our valetta c1 on malta comm squadron after the mod disbanded 38 sqdn - and carried a few more plus smoke floats in the cabin : -
i ' ve just seen a painting of a shackleton dropping a set of lindholme gear to shipwreck survivors . the drop has been made downwind . i thought the drop was made upwind so that the automatically inflated life - raft and accompanying survival containers ( attached to the life - raft by 100 yd ropes ) would be blown towards the survivors ? is my brain playing its usual tricks or has the artist been badly advised ? any coastal navigators out there remember the procedure ?
depended on the drift rate of the survivors . usually upwind but sometimes downwind . once dropped upwind on an inverted yacht , before the gear got to them the mast and rigging broke off and the hull sped away . next drop was downwind .
several early attempts were made to improve the equipment that aircraft already carried or which could be dropped to airmen in dinghies . first of all came the ‘lindholme gear’ – an emergency supply cannister – invented by raf group captain waring and from this evolved the ‘bircham barrel’ , ( developed at nearby raf bircham newton , langham’s ‘parent’ air field ) . it was made from a cardboard delivery container for a bomb tail - fin , strengthened with steel . it held signal flares , tinned water , condensed milk , emergency rations and a first aid kit .
landing gear : the landing gear was a two - stage retractable type with the main wheels retracting vertically and then backwards into the inner engine nacelles taking part of their fairings with them . retraction was powered by electric motors with alternative hand operation . twin castoring retractable tailwheels type dunlop ws30 . in order to accommodate the raf bomber command requirement to shorten the take - off and landing , a very long landing gear was utilized making the aircraft prone to swing violently on take - off and landing . the undercarriage retraction motors were originally located inside the nacelle , but were later relocated inside the fuselage to allow for manual retraction in the event of motor failure . the electric retraction motors often failed , being wholly inadequate for the task . the stirling had one of the largest tires , manufactured by dunlop , on a british aircraft at the time .
40 b . is were converted in production to
warwick asr mark i
configuration , retaining defensive armament , and hauling two airdropped lindholme rescue kits , each with an inflatable raft and survival kit , entering service in august 1943 . they were followed by production asr . is , in three
stages
:
the earliest asr aircraft were conversions that were equipped to carry two sets of lindholme rescue equipment , a set of ten boxes that carried life rafts and supplies . in this configuration the aircraft was given the designation warwick bomber / asr . 40 or 50 were produced , some by converting the existing b . mk is .
* the wellesley was likely a futuristic - looking machine when it was introduced , and indeed it retains a certain sci - fi
retropunk
look in the 21st century . it had twin cockpits , one forward and one aft , connected by a cabin with windows on each side . it was powered by a bristol pegasus xx air - cooled nine - cylinder radial engine providing 690 kw ( 925 hp ) , driving a de havilland - hamilton three - bladed variable - pitch propeller . it had taildragger landing gear , the tailwheel being fixed , the single - wheel main gear pivoting from the wings towards the fuselage .
why include inflatable dinghies ? . the airborne lifeboats , by their very nature , were dropped from aircraft , and in most cases to assist ditched airmen that were adrift in their aircraft dinghies . some explanation would have sufficed , but it is thought that more in depth details of design , development and construction was required to supplement the associated development of airborne lifeboats . airborne lifeboats were devised from observations of inflatable dinghies , and indeed the inflatable dinghy in the form of the air dropped lindholme gear was the eventual demise of the airborne lifeboat . raf marine craft also carried inflatable dinghies , and two types of marine craft were designed to carry airborne lifeboats - both for the same purpose .
the type 447 windsor had the geodetic construction of the wellesley , wellington , and warwick , with a skinning of a steel wire mesh - based composite material . it had taildragger landing gear ; unusually , there were four main gear , one in each engine nacelle , all with single wheels . the type 447 had a wingspan of 35 . 71 meters ( 117 feet 2 inches ) , a length of 23 . 43 meters ( 76 feet 10 inches ) , and an empty weight of 17 , 750 kilograms ( 28 , 605 pounds ) . top speed was about 510 kph ( 315 mph / 275 kt ) , with a ceiling of 8 , 300 meters ( 27 , 250 feet ) .
ninety more gr . mk iis were ordered for meteorological duties , although only fourteen were ever built . as with the gr . mk ii , the meteorological version never entered squadron service . the fourteen aircraft had their nose gun removed and replaced with a wide - vision glass nose , all bombing gear was removed to reduce weight and an oxygen system was installed .
hmmmmmmmmmmm ! some say upwind , some say downwind . . . . . . . . suck it and sea ! ( i don ' t feel bad about not remembering maybe that ' s why we always carried two sets of lindholme on sar aircraft . thanks shackman , the 200 / 400 ft rings a bell - i always wondered why they didn ' t use 300ft each side of the liferaft ?
when rfd gq , the equipment manufactures , heard that we were hanging lindholme mk3 on to our valetta , they very kindly sent us a few brochures out together with the offer to come out to malta to give us a hand to mount it under the aircraft . the offer was gently refused by the mod but i kept one of the brochures and have cobbled together bits and pieces from it that are relevant to this query .
i ' ll give you a clue . . ! 140 ' . . . 140kts . . . after faffing around with flame floats for a while . .
beam , capt , when i say mark drop one flame float . .
one gone !
not yet you eejit !
ad infinitum . . pretty sure the lindholme was dropped upwind so that the ms9 would drift down towards the survivor ( s ) . happy days ! sv
as a result , the wellington b . ia was followed by the
wellington bomber ic
, with 2 , 685 built into 1942 by the main factory at weybridge ( 1 , 052 ) , plus the shadow factories at chester ( 1 , 583 ) , and blackpool ( 50 ) . it had the updated armament fit , larger main gear wheels , plus better electrical and hydraulic systems . with refinements in production techniques , the complexity of the geodetic airframe became much less of an obstacle to manufacture .
* the
wellington bomber mark ii
was introduced in october 1940 , the primary change being replacement of the pegasus xviii engines with rolls - royce merlin x water - cooled vee - 16 engines , providing 855 kw ( 1 , 145 hp ) , instead of radials . it also had a larger tailplane , and beefed - up landing gear . an initial prototype , the
type 298
, had been flown before the outbreak of war . 401 b . is were built , all at weybridge .
* a viking 1b , the 158th viking built , became the prototype of the military
valletta
, named after the maltese city , this machine performing its initial flight on 30 june 1947 , with mutt summers at the controls . the valleta featured more powerful hercules 230 radials with 1 , 475 kw ( 1 , 975 hp ) each ; a double cargo door , with an inset passenger door , on the left rear side of the fuselage ; a reinforced floor ; and longer - stroke landing gear . 211 were delivered to the raf as
valletta c . 1
utility transports , capable of carrying 34 equipped troops , 20 paratroops , or cargo .
virgo , my memory , like most on this thread it seems , is somewhat hazy ! but something in the deep , dark , recesses of my brain is telling me that the sop for lindholme / asra drops from the andover was downwind . i do however remember the practice drops we used to do off the coast of masirah marking the pattern with smoke floats and marine markers . on one occasion the nav called
mark
and my mate , stood in the door with a float in his hand , replied
did you call nav ?
before realizing it was a command . you can probably guess what his name was ! you also had to remember to take the
safety
pins out before the drop , very embarrasing if the ms 9 didn ' t inflate ! !
the b . 9 / 32 prototype , the vickers
type 271
, took to the air for the first time on 15 june 1936 , the pilot being joseph
mutt
summers . it was a midwing monoplane with twin bristol pegasus x radial engines , providing 680 kw ( 915 hp ) each and driving three - bladed variable - pitch props ; retractable taildragger landing gear ; and a fabric - covered geodesic airframe . the prototype was unarmed , though it was designed to have a single machine gun on a flexible mount in nose , tail , and dorsal positions . the prototype crashed after a flight structural failure on on 19 april 1937 , the pilot being thrown out and parachuting to safety , the flight engineer being killed .
following end of production of the valletta , vickers then built a crew trainer variant , the
varsity t . 1
, as per air ministry specification t . 13 / 48 , the initial prototype performing its first flight on 17 july 1949 . the varsity was a major redesign , with tricycle landing gear ; wider wingspan ; a longer fuselage , with a longer nose , stretching length again by 71 centimeters ( 28 inches ) to 20 . 57 meters ( 67 feet 6 inches ) ; a ventral pannier for a bombardier and practice bombs ; and hercules 264 engines with 1 , 455 kw ( 1 , 950 hp ) each . the maximum number of people carried was up to 11 , though it was generally less than that , the number depending on the specific training requirement .
* following trials fit of bristol hercules iii radials , with 1 , 065 kw ( 1 , 425 hp ) each , on a b . ic , production moved on to the
wellington bomber mark iii
, with hercules xi radials , providing 1 , 185 kw ( 1 , 590 hp ) each . the b . iii also featured de - icing gear , plus - - following initial production - - a new fn mark 20 tail turret , with four 7 . 7 - millimeter machine guns , instead of two . a total of 1 , 519 b . iiis was built at weybridge ( 2 ) , chester ( 737 ) , and blackpool ( 780 ) . the b . iii was the backbone of raf bomber command until the four - engine
heavies
such as the lancaster arrived .
to test the aerodynamics and controllability of the new type , the s . 31 was designed as the half - scale prototype with a powerplant of four 90 hp ( 67 kw ) pobjoy niagara iii radial engines . the short s . 31 made its first flight on 19 september 1938 and revealed good overall handling characteristics . short had originally decided on an incidence of 3° giving the best possible cruise performance , but the raf asked that the incidence be increased to 6 . 5° , being more concerned with improving take - off performance than the cruising speed . in order to accommodate the raf request for increased wing incidence a major re - design of the central fuselage would have normally be undertaken , but because of time restraints , short decided on a
quick fix
by lengthening the main landing gear legs to give a higher ground angle .
variant built mod notes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ viking 3 prototypes . viking 1a 19 initial production , with wellington wings . viking 1 29 ? metal wings , 12 as raf
viking c . 2
. viking 1b 113 fuselage stretch . nene viking - 1 temporary jet viking 1b conversion . 164 subtotal valletta c . 1 211 military utility transport . valletta c . 2 11 military vip transport with more fuel . valletta t . 3 40 crew trainer . valletta t . 4 - 18 t . 3 with radar nose . 262 subtotal varsity t . 1 163 crew trainer with tricycle landing gear , etc . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 589 total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : journal publisher : [ wotton - under - edge ] : royal air force historical society . isbn / issn : 1361 - 4231 oclc : 175174953
great britain . - - royal air force - - history - - periodicals .
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journal / royal air force historical society . ; ; [ wotton - under - edge ] : royal air force historical society .
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hi ,
obsessed member
- sad to say , but you just replicated my search ( or at least the first 5 minutes of it ) .
incidentaly , the cle conatiner was designed by the central landing establishment in 1941 and remained in service with the nimrod fleet by which time it was known as the container land equipment , the raf having forgotten its origins as a paratroopers weapon container .
not a lot julien . my biggest regret is that i didn ' t manage to get a shot of 51 ' s varsity with
hookah
aerials fitted to the wings - looked like big tobacco pipes but by using my youngest son as an excuse , i managed to get a shot of one of the comets with
cherryaid
fitted in place of the square windows . i didn ' t push my luck and ask what it did .
oh boy you are new ! ! - hth = h ope t hat h elps . heard a good one on qi last night . you ' ve heard of lol - you must have , how about mas = m ildly a mused s mirk .
thank you aeronut , that is one of the most succinct and accurate descriptions that i have ever seen on this site - saved me from doing it ! thanks pal . the two smaller items were in fact parachute flares which we did not carry on the valetta . the smoke floats had small rounded fins at one end and were painted green .
i have attached also a photo of the asr shack at sharja showing the guns that were always fitted to these aircraft , irrespective of the role at the time . have also attached a photo of my pride and joy for two years vw856 with the mk3 underslung on the rear external points . the containers , when carried , were slung from the front external points .
airfix - humbrol note . the bottom shot is of a vickers valetta - a british designed and built transport . and you ain ' t heard nothing till you ' ve heard twin hercules radials purring away gently whilst you cruise the med at someone else ' s expense . i / we / us need a kit of it - and at my time of life - make it snappy ! ! ( please ? ) .
sign up for a new account in our community . it ' s easy !
also , i ' m trying to find out how it was carried . i assume if in a large - ish canister - it had to be carried on a bolt - on
universal no . 1 bomb carrier
? ? ?
. . . . the same as the asr version of the lysander could on its wingstubs . does anyone know if this canister is the same as the small stores container . . . this one ? ? ?
well - i wasn ' t able to find out the actual weight . . . . but instead i was able to find something better !
as you can see - instead of going for the obvious and using a pair of the light series carrier mounting lugs to hang a universal carrier and hang the dinghy container on that . . . . the raf in a month from february 1942 to march 1942 came up with an entirely different and rather
heath robinson
solution !
and as for why - i know we all have our own little special areas of research .
harry - i don ' t think so ; looking at the wiki description of it . . .
the centre container would house a nine - man inflatable dinghy with the other containers housing survival equipment such as emergency rations and clothing .
. . . even the
central
dinghy container for a 9 - man dinghy must have been far bigger than the defiant item .
. . . and the shackleton and nimrod ! it ' s still in use , though the present
asr mk4
as it has become known comprises only two tethered para - braked containers .
i ' m very new to this site - tonight in fact - at the start of a journey to find out about my fathers ww2 service . he died 13 years ago and never talked about the war . all i know is he flew defiants , served in port said , rhodesia and malta - his name was tom scott - he was scottish and hailed from either tranent nr edinburgh - or if my grandparents had moved by then , greenock , south west of glasgow . i ' ve just downloaded a form to send off with my £30 to try and obtain his war record , but just wondered if you might have served with him .
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hi bob , from memory the early ones were large cardboard tubes with a plywood base one end and a parachute at the other . the later ones were fibreglass . will have a look through my paperwork for more info . hangarman
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air crews were precious . if there was a hope of saving airmen , a rescue attempt was organised . nowadays , helicopters do a lot of air sea rescue work . in world war 2 helicopters were still in the early stages of development .
airmen who had to ditch into the sea close to the british coast stood some chance of being successfully picked up by a rescue boat . when they had to ditch near the enemy - occupied coast , it was a different matter . the planes carried emergency dinghies but these were very small .
in this situation , aircrews could use their radios to send an distress message . if the radio was damaged , many aircraft carried pigeons as an emergency form of communication .
even in midsummer it’s no joke being in the water of the north sea . in cold water , hypothermia quickly sets in . your arms and legs lose strength , your mind slows and you lose determination . help for these stricken airmen had to come quickly .
in a period of just three weeks during the battle of britain in 1940 , 220 airmen were killed or went missing over the sea .
this was a huge loss of human life but on a coldly practical level , the hard pressed raf simply could not continue to fight the war if this rate of losses among aircrew were to continue . for both of these reasons , effective rescue services were urgently needed .
group captain waring then had the idea of an airborne lifeboat to be carried onboard aircraft and dropped into the sea to help ditched aircrews .
however , the requirements for such a craft were stringent . it had to be light and aerodynamic so that it could be carried under an aircraft but sturdy enough to cope with being dropped into the sea at around 25mph . it had to be safe in stormy weather , so virtually unsinkable and self - righting . it also had to have easy - start engines , very simple sails and carry enough fuel to sail 500 miles .
and of course , in a wartime economy , it had to be quick and cheap to build .
boat - building expert , lieutenant robb , drew up initial plans and celebrated yacht designer , uffa fox , developed them . after a long gestation , the first successful lifeboat drop happened on 5th may 1943 .
more than 400 of these boats were built in small boat yards all over the country . there were blueprints for every tiny component and standards were exact . the boats all had to be identical to avoid confusion and frustration when they were put to use .
the airborne lifeboat’s hull was a double skin of mahogany with water - proofed calico cloth between . eight watertight compartments contained equipment and supplies , an instruction book and the two engines . each boat was 23 . 5ft ( 7 . 2m ) long , 5 . 5ft ( 1 . 7m ) wide and weighed 1630lbs ( 740kg ) . it had two 4 hp engines as well as a sail and could float in just 1ft ( 30cm ) of water .
any member of the allied forces whose life had been saved by a life jacket ( ‘mae west’ ) , or a rescue boat was eligible to join the gold fish club .
they received a badge but since it was unofficial , aircrew used to sew it under the lapel on their uniform . by the end of the war there were 9000 members !
the airborne lifeboat played its part , saving some 5 , 721 aircrew lives around britain .
an airborne lifeboat and warwick of 280 squadron , langham 1944 . © trustees of the raf museum .
a member of the crew of an raf coastal command lockheed hudson holding a carrier pigeon , 1942 . © iwm ( tr 42 ) .
not at langham . a lifeboat is loaded underneath a warwick . © www . flypast . com .
an airborne lifeboat ( top ) at the museum of the broads . © ugly studios .
an airborne lifeboat at the norfolk and suffolk aviation museum . © ugly studios .
280 squadron warwicks flew air - sea rescue ( asr ) missions from langham . a failed bomber , its success in asr is often overlooked , along with the bravery of the crews . © pete west .
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among the british combat aircraft of . . . - the kipper fleet : memories of raf coastal command in world war two | facebook
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air - dropped rescue equipment designed during the second world war to aid survivors in the water and was still in use in the 21st century .
the survivors can then use the dinghy and haul in the containers of equipment and await rescue .
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vickers viscount , vickers wellington , vickers vc . 1 viking , vickers viking , vickers vildebeest
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air ministry specification b . 12 / 36 called for the design and development of a strategic four - engined heavy bomber that could quickly is placed into production , giving the raf bomber command a high - speed aircraft capable of delivering a large bombload at long ranges . it was to be crewed by seven or eight men with defensive armament consisting of multi - gunned nose , ventral and tail turrets . the initial maximum take - off weight had to be between 48 , 000 lbs ( 21769 kg ) and 53 , 000 lbs ( 24036 kg ) , but with the capability of that figure being increased to around 65 , 000 lbs ( 29478 kg ) . the weapons bays also had to be compatible with all standard raf bomb ordnance in use at that time . the specification also demanded that the aircraft be capable of lifting off a 500 ft ( 152 . 4 m ) runway and is able to clear 50 ft ( 15 . 2 m ) trees at the end , with the wingspan not exceeding 100 ft ( 30 . 48 m ) .
several companies submitted their designs to the air ministry , these being armstrong whitworth , short brothers and supermarine . the armstrong whitworth design was rejected , and both short brothers and supermarine were asked to construct prototypes . supermarine ' s type 317 prototype was still under construction when the factory was bombed by the luftwaffe early in the war . the factory and prototype were virtually destroyed , causing supermarine to withdraw from the competition leaving only the short brothers design .
at the end of 1938 , this change was incorporated on the short s . 31 prototype . other changes included the installation of four 115 hp ( 86 kw ) pobjoy niagara iv radial engines . in order to address longitudinal control problems horn - balanced elevators were installed but these were soon replaced by a larger tailplane with conventional elevators .
a short s . 29 stirling mk iii ( w7455 oj - b ) based in mildenhall in early 1942 with no . 149 squadron . later in the war this particular aircraft was lost to a night intruder over great thurlow .
as 1942 progressed , no . 7 squadron ( with its stirling ' s ) and other bomber command squadrons were transferred to form the nucleus of the newly formed no . 8 ( pathfinder ) group . by the end of the year , the new mk . iii stirling ' s , equipped with 1 , 675 hp bristol hercules xvi engines and a new dorsal turret design , were entering service and slowly replacing the mk i ' s .
by late 1943 , german flak defences were inflicting serious losses to the stirlings , mostly due to its low ceiling caused by its restricted wing span . it was soon evident that such losses could not continue and air marshal harris , was forced to withdraw the aircraft from operations . by early 1944 , as supplies of the avro lancaster became available , most of the stirling squadron ' s began to re - equipped with this type . although , it would not be until september 8 , 1944 that no . 149 squadron , flew last operation stirling sorties against le havre .
the stirling never lived up to it potential as a great bomber ( in no small part to the raf bomber commands requirement changes ) but it a proved very popular aircraft with its crews , who dubbed it the
fighter bomber
due to its excellent manoeuvrability and rugged construction . on one occasion four german night fighters attacked a stirling from no . 218 squadron on a night raid in 1942 . manoeuvring for its life , the stirling managed to shoot down three of the attackers before returning to base safely , although a little battered . as a result of its high wing loading , the stirling had a high roll rate and was manoeuvrable enough to out - turn the junkers ju 88 and bf 110 night fighters .
the stirling mk v transport was the last version of the aircraft built for raf transport command . this was configured to carry 40 troops , or 20 fully equipped paratroops , or 12 stretchers and 14 seated casualties . it could be used also for loads such as two jeeps with trailers , or a jeep with a field gun , trailer and ammunition . the mk vs were the last stirlings in service , being gradually replaced by the avro york , with the last of them withdrawn from use in 1946 . production on belfast built mk v totalled 160 aircraft . during 1947 airtech limited of thame , oxon , converted 12 stirling mk vs for use by a belgian civil operator under the name silver stirling .
official service figures credit the stirling with 18 , 440 sorties flown in which 27 , 821 tons ( 28268 tonnes ) of bombs were dropped and 20 , 000 mines were laid , for the loss of 769 aircraft .
manufacturer : short brothers ( rochester & bedford ) limited based in rochester , kent , england . the company was founded in 1898 by the brothers eustace and oswald short , originally building spherical balloons but they later concentrated on the building of flying boats . in 1936 , short brothers limited and harland & wolff limited ( shipbuilders ) of queen ' s island , belfast , northern ireland , formed a partnership under the name short & harland limited . also built by austin motors limited in longbridge . production would eventually be dispersed to over 20 different factories .
powerplant : four 1 , 675 hp ( 1250 kw ) bristol hercules xvi 14 - cylinder sleeve - valve double - row air - cooled radial engines rated at 2 , 900 rpm at 4 , 500 ft ( 1370 m ) ; 1 , 615 hp ( 1205 kw ) at 2 , 900 rpm for take - off ; 1 , 050 hp ( 783 kw ) at 2 , 400 rpm at 10 , 250 ft ( 3130 m ) . engine weight ( dry ) 1 , 930 lbs ( 875 kg ) . the fuel used was 100 or 130 octane . the propeller was a metal three - bladed de havilland hydromatic type 55 / 10 variable pitch , constant speed full - feathering airscrew with a diameter of 13 ft 6 in ( 4 . 11 m ) .
performance : maximum speed 270 mph ( 435 km / h ) at 14 , 500 ft ( 4420 m ) ; economical cruising speed of 233 mph ( 375 km / h ) at 11 , 000 ft ( 3355 m ) ; service ceiling 17 , 000 ft ( 5180 m ) ; initial rate of climb 800 ft ( 245 m ) per minute .
fuel capacity : seven cylindrical self - sealing ( except the leading - edge tank ) fuel tanks in each wing outboard of the wing bomb cells , giving a total of 2 , 254 imperial gallons ( 2 , 707 us gallons or 10246 litres ) , plus provision for 220 imperial gallons ( 264 us gallons or 1000 litres ) of auxiliary fuel in tanks installed in each of the wing bomb cells for an additional total of 440 imperial gallons ( 528 us gallons or 2000 litres ) . the systems could be interconnected if necessary by operating an inter - system balance cock in the centre section .
oil capacity : each engine had its own oil tank with a capacity of 33 imperial gallons ( 40 us gallons or 150 litres ) .
range : 590 miles ( 950 km ) on internal fuel with a bombload of 14 , 000 lbs ( 6350 kg ) . 2 , 010 miles ( 3237 km ) on normal internal fuel with a bombload of 3 , 500 lbs ( 1587 kg ) . ferry range ( clean ) of over 3 , 000 miles ( 4831 km ) was possible using auxiliary fuel tanks . range on the short s . 29 stirling was one of its major weaknesses . while it was capable of carrying a tremendous amount of ordnance , it could only do this a very short distance . as a result , on most missions to get the desired range , bombload was sacrificed .
weights & loadings : empty ( clean ) 43 , 200 lbs ( 19595 kg ) , empty ( equipped ) 59 , 400 lbs ( 26939 kg ) with a maximum take - off weight of 70 , 000 lbs ( 31751 kg ) . wing loading 48 lbs / sq ft ( 234 kg / sq m ) ; power loading 10 . 6 lbs / hp ( 4 . 85 kg / hp ) .
dimensions : span 99 ft 1 in ( 30 . 20 m ) ; length 87 ft 3 in ( 26 . 59 m ) ; height 22 ft 9 in ( 6 . 93 m ) ; wing area 1 , 460 . 0 sq ft ( 135 . 63 sq m ) .
armament : a total of eight 7 . 7 mm ( 0 . 303 in ) browning machine - guns plus up to 14 , 000 lbs ( 6350 kg ) of bombs . disposable stores were carried in a lower fuselage weapons bay rated at 11 , 000 lbs ( 4989 kg ) and in 6 wing cells each rated at 500 lbs ( 227 kg ) . normal loadout usually consisted of 2 , 000 lbs ( 907 kg ) armour - piercing bombs and / or 500 lbs ( 227 kg ) general - purpose high explosive bombs . the main bomb - bay in the fuselage is formed of two main longitudinal girders with arched members to the main floor . the bay is 42 ft 7 in ( 13 . 0 m ) long and fitted with six hinged doors . internal stowage for bombs is also provided in the centre - section inboard of the inner engine nacelles . a bomb overload of up to 25 , 500 lbs ( 11567 kg ) was possible but it reduced the range considerably .
2 × 7 . 7 mm ( 0 . 303 in ) browning trainable forward - firing machine - guns in the power - operated frazer - nash f . n . 5 nose turret .
2 × 7 . 7 mm ( 0 . 303 in ) browning trainable machine - guns in the power - operated frazer - nash f . n . 50 ( boulton - paul ) dorsal turret .
4 × 7 . 7 mm ( 0 . 303 in ) browning trainable rearward - firing machine - guns in the power - operated frazer - nash f . n . 20a tail turret .
1 x 7 . 7 mm ( 0 . 303 in ) browning trainable rearward firing machine - gun in a manually operated ventral position ( some aircraft only ) .
variants : stirling mk i , stirling mk ii ( two prototypes only ) , stirling mk iii , stirling mk iv , stirling mk v ( transport ) .
wings / fuselage / tail unit : the wings are of a mid - wing cantilever monoplane type with a two - spar all - metal structure similar to that of the short
empire
flying boat . gouge type trailing - edge flaps with chord equal to 48 percent of the total chord . the leading - edges of the wings are armoured and are provided with barrage - balloon cable cutters . the fuselage is a rectangular section with rounded corners with an all - metal structure built up of transverse frames covered with aluminium - alloy sheet with intercoastal stiffeners and all joints joggled flush with flush riveting . the tail unit is a cantilever monoplane type with a single fin and rudder similar in form and construction to those of the
empire
flying boats .
history : first flight ( s . 31 research aircraft ) 19 september 1938 ; first flight ( s . 29 prototype ) 14 may 1939 ; first flight ( production mk i ) 7 may 1940 ; final operational sortie 8 september 1944 ; final production ( mk v ) november 1945 ; withdrawn from service ( raf ) 1946 .
the vickers warwick was one of many examples of promising aircraft whose development was delayed by the choice of engines . it was originally designed as a twin - engined heavy bomber , and like the avro manchester was to use the rolls royce vulture . when the vulture failed to live up to expectations avro installed four merlin engines in the manchester , to produce the excellent avro lancaster , but vickers decided to keep the twin - engined design , and searched for more powerful engines . eventually over 800 warwicks would be produced , powered by either the pratt & whitney double wasp or the bristol centaurus .
the vickers warwick was developed as a twin - engined heavy bomber to satisfy specification b . 1 / 35 . this was a thoroughly un - ambitious specification , calling for an aircraft powered by two 1 , 000hp engines and capable of carrying 2 , 000lb of bombs over 1 , 500 miles at a speed of 195mph – by the time it entered service the wellington medium bomber could carry twice the bomb load , had a range of 2 , 550 miles and a speed of 235mph , and the wellington was powered by two 1 , 050hp bristol pegasus engines , giving it only 100hp more than envisaged for the b . 1 / 35 .
the warwick was developed alongside the final version of the wellington . although the specification for the wellington had been issued in 1932 ( b . 9 / 32 ) , it had taken four years for the first prototype to make its maiden flight ( 15 june 1936 ) . this early version of the aircraft was then virtually abandoned , and a complete redesign was begun . the redesigned b . 9 / 32 became the vickers type 285 , while the prototype of the warwick was the type 284 . structurally the wellington was essentially a cut - down version of the warwick . as a result the two aircraft had many components in common , especially in the geodesic members .
the first vickers design , of july 1935 , was powered by two bristol hercules heism engines . the company was awarded a contract to produce one prototype on 7 october 1935 . this prototype ( serial number k8178 ) would not make its maiden flight until 13 august 1939 . by this point the aircraft was powered by rolls royce vulture engines , a complex piece of machinery that merged two inline v engines and failed to produce as much power as had been hoped , while also proving very unreliable .
a second prototype was ordered on 2 july 1937 ( serial number l9704 ) . this aircraft eventually made its maiden flight in april 1940 , by which time it was powered by a pair of bristol centaurus engines . it had been hoped to use the napier sabre , but that engine failed to materialise in time , and when it did become available was reserved for fighter aircraft .
by the time the second prototype took to the air , the warwick was no longer needed as a heavy bomber , that role having been taken by the new four - engined heavies . despite that , on 3 january 1941 vickers was given a contract to produce 150 warwick mk is , powered by the pratt & whitney double wasp and 100 warwick mk iis , powered by the centaurus . only 16 mk . is and 1 mk . ii were ever completed .
the warwick was eventually produced in significant numbers . in january 1943 it was decided to turn it into an air - sea rescue aircraft . a total of 369 asr warwicks were produced . another 328 warwicks were produced as general reconnaissance aircraft for coastal command , but only a handful were ever used in combat . another 114 were produced as transport aircraft , and by the time production finished 845 had been built .
on 3 january 1941 150 warwick b . mk is , powered by the pratt & whitney double wasp r - 2800 - s1a4 - g engine were ordered . of these aircraft only sixteen were completed as bombers , for by the time the warwick was ready in the spring of 1942 the need for it no longer existed – the avro lancaster had already begun to enter service . some of the warwick b . mk is were used for service tests during the second half of 1942 , before most were converted to the asr / bomber role .