toxic shock records was an american independent record label based first in pomona , ca , then in tucson , az .

the label was spawned from the record store of the same name , by its founders bill sassenberger and julianna towns in 1983 , when they released the first of the " noise from nowhere " series of 7 " ep compilations .

for the next decade they released singles , compilations and albums by many notable and influential bands of the hardcore , noise rock and post-hardcore scenes .

toxic shock records

toxic ranch records po box 2091 tucson az 85702 usa ( 1989 ) toxic shock p . o . box 43787 tucson , az 85733
moving on with the record label , also called toxic shock became our priority .
. defining the group a streptococcal toxic shock syndrome : rationale and consensus definition .
. staphylococcal and streptococcal pyrogenic toxins involved in toxic shock syndrome and related illnesses .
staphylococcus aureus toxic shock syndrome . emerg infect dis [ serial on the internet ]
. severe group a streptococcal infections associated with a toxic shock - like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin a .
. group b streptococcal toxic shock - like syndrome : report of a case and purification of an associated pyrogenic toxin .
359 music is a new independent music label set up by creation records’ alan mcgee in 2013 as a joint venture with cherry red records .
todd j , fishaut m , kapral f , welch t . toxic - shock syndrome associated with phage - group - i staphylococci .
jamart s , denis o , deplano a , tragas g , vandergheynst a , de bels d , methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus toxic shock syndrome .
a small store on antique row downtown , toxic shock records , founded in 1980 by bill sassenberger , did retail sales to locals and mail - order sales to punk fans around the country of obscure 45s and lps . the store became a distributor for punk labels and put out a few records of its own .
inside the purple building on east sixth street that has housed toxic ranch records since the summer of 1991 , three teenagers are flipping through cds and vinyl .
first toxic shock album , released on reflections records ( june 2013 ) . recorded at trix ( antwerp ) with frank rotthier . mastered at electric city by alan ward . the cd version comes with the ep and demo songs as extra tracks . 500 made .
redline records is home to tribute releases of some of the biggest names in popular music .
first toxic shock album , released on reflections records ( june 2013 ) . 500 lp ' s were pressed . 100 on transparent green vinyl ( sold out ) and 400 on black vinyl . the cd version comes with the ep and demo songs as extra tracks .
this record was released in 1983 and was the first release on toxic shock records , who at the time were perhaps the most amazing punk record mailorder / store around . i remember getting their catalogs and drooling over them because they had so many records available , and i learned about bands and labels for the first time just by reading that catalog . when i actually got a job and earned some money , i would occasionally place orders from them because they had stuff that no store near my house had , or would dare carry . toxic shock records kept going after this and put out some really great hardcore records by bands like peace corpse , raw power , mad parade , dayglow abortions , decry , and others .
tox - 2 modern industry
man in black
very early toxic shock ep , ( the second release ever ) cal punk with damned influences . very few left ! 7
ep
. septicemia and shock syndrome due to viridans streptococci : a case - control study of predisposing factors .
wise crack is the cherry red imprint dedicated to reissuing the great comedy records of the 20th century .
. effect of antipyretics on group a streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin fever production and ability to enhance lethal endotoxin shock .
another indianapolis band , sloppy seconds managed to blend ' 70 ' s pop / junk culture with catchy songs that should have brought punk rock to the top 40 in a perfect world . their mahern - produced toxic shock lp ,
destroyed
that has since been reissued on metal blade records and a few others , while the band put out later albums on taang ! with a 1998 release on nitro records .
“practically all the records they had were punk rock and punk rock - related music , ” durkee said .
the whole record was great from the packaging with the classic pushead cover art , right down to the four songs contained on the record , yet somehow this record seemed to have been overlooked compared to other compilations that came out around the same time . thankfully the music has been preserved for future generations on a cd that compiles four early toxic shock records that was released a few years ago on dr . strange records .
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] . within the uk , there are few published records of shellfish poisonings , and we suspect that there is a high level of underreporting , as there is no set database which systematically records the number or frequency of incidents .
toxic shock ran classified ads in new york - based trouser press magazine , which is the only way durkee , who grew up in arcadia , knew of the store’s existence . walking in for the first time was revelatory .
anagram records contains the worlds largest collection of classic punk , psychobilly and goth records , all lovingly packaged , with many bonus tracks and rarities included . if you’re serious about your punk & psychobilly , anagram is the label for you .
this brings toxic shock , the label full circle back to it ' s origins as a regional label . noise from nowhere # 10 is the last release to bear the toxic shock label imprint . after ten years , i came to the realization that it was time for a change . the name toxic shock had become associated in most people ' s minds are a hardcore label due to the success of our early releases , but no longer seemed appropiate in 1993 . besides , the name was overused by bad speed metal bands and others . to me , it was becoming hackneyed and outdated . with a new focus in local bands , we decided to change the labels moniker to westworld .
this charming man records is an independent record label from muenster / germany . we work with cargo records germany , sonic rendevouz ( nl / be ) , day after , cobraside ( us ) , code 7 ( uk ) , season of mist ( fr ) and green hell records as our distribution / wholesale partners . feel free to get in contact for wholesalerates cheers tcm
group a streptococcal ( gas ) toxic shock syndrome ( tss ) is an acute , rapidly progressive , and often fatal illness . outbreaks can occur in hospitals . however , early infection control measures may interrupt transmissions and prevent morbidity and mortality .
way back in 1986 i had a promo copy of the first skulls album , dress up and die , sent to me from buy our records . they used to send me records to review in my fanzine , spontaneous combustion . i played that [ … ]
tox - 22 v / a
noise from nowhere # 10
the last roundup
tucson punk / hardcore 1993 compilation and the very last toxic shock release . earl ' s family bombers , zerotolerancetaskforce , feastuponcactusthorns , and opinion zero . 7
ep
30 hertz records is an independent record label founded by john ‘jah wobble’ wardle in 1997 , on which he has self - released a series of critically acclaimed records . as of 2015 , cherry red are proud to represent 30 hertz as part of our family of associated labels .
when bill sassenberger locks the doors to toxic ranch records on dec . 31 , he won ' t be coming to unlock them again . after 25 years in tucson , 22 of them at its current location on sixth street , toxic ranch records as a physical store will likely be a thing of the past ( though a new location is being scouted and considered ) . this is a story of two people and how they , through independent means and sheer will , solidified a community and changed our city for the better .
toxic ranch records started out as a mail order business for independent punk music in the early ' 80s , in pomona , california .
we had a record label ( toxic shock ) and a store out there ,
sassenberger says , about the business he and his wife , julianna towns , built from the ground up .
we liked tucson . . . it wasn ' t paved over and made into parking lots like phoenix . it was a mid - sized city that we thought could support what we were doing , which was selling independent music .
bill sassenberger , owner of toxic ranch , 424 e . sixth st . , is celebrating 20 years of doing business in tucson .
one bright spot , he notes , is a resurgence in vinyl over the past two years . “it’s not just old people getting their records back . it’s younger folks , too . ” sassenberger estimates that he sells two vinyl lps for every one cd , and that includes everything from reissues to such currents as the shins . ( he sells used records , too . ) toxic ranch will be at the second hotel congress record show , aug . 30 .
massacre guys emerged fro the mormon stronghold of salt lake city and the
behind the 8 ball
7
ep from 1984 was another early toxic shock 7
. karl alvarez and steve o ' reilly later moved to l . a . to join the descendents which shortly evolved into the band all .
brr - 1 the dull ,
she ' s a nuclear bomb
geza x produced minimalist punk from so calif 1985 on budget ranch records . 7
45
ww - 10 various artists v / a decade of disaster
the toxic shock years ' 83 - 93
anthology of ten years ! 26 songs in 74 minutes . a good sampling of the labels with tracks by decry , peace corpse , red tide , massacre guys , sloppy seconds , raw power and more ! cd only
tampon , toxic shock syndrome , staphylococcus aureus , biologically incompatible technology , menstrual hygiene , proctor & gamble , philip tierno , kehm v . proctor & gamble , tom riley , jeffrey davis , kathy shands , james todd , cdc - 1 , cdc - 2 , tri - state tss study , nancy buc , medical device amendments
by david joseph del grande it’s business as usual on a recent afternoon at toxic ranch records , tucson’s iconic independent music store . people float in and out , talking about the new thrill on their turntables . a student film crew shows up as musicians and teenagers share the tactile musical discovery experience . when a [ … ]
there was four bands on this compilation ; manson youth , kent state , modern industry , and moslem birth . moslem birth is the band that became peace corpse after this record was released . many people thought they were some sort of real death rock band , when in reality their whole gimmick was supposed to be making fun of christian death . despite it being a joke , i really liked their gloomy contribution to this record and the manson youth song was also a fine slab of straight - up hardcore . moslem birth never recorded anything else , manson youth recorded some other songs at the time that didn’t see the light of day until 10 years later when dr . strange records released a pair of 7″s of those recordings , which much like toxic shock , was the first release for their label . kent state were on a compilation or two but i don’t recall them ever releasing a record of their own and modern industry had a 7″ that came out a year or two later on toxic shock records .
from the uk’s finest longest running & truly independent record label cherry red records comes a brand new subsidiary label – phoenix city records . run by sean flowerdew ( pama intl / the loafers ) , the label will be releasing the finest ska , rocksteady , reggae , soul & dub from around the world , from classic reissues to blistering new sounds .
tucson , az based label and former record store . started in pomona 1980 as toxic shock . moved to arizona in 1988 . the label changed its name in the ' 90 ' s to ' westworld ' , the physical store is closed after a 23 year run in tucson . still offering mail - order as we have since 1980 .
red tide were a canadian trio from victoria b . c . toxic shock released their
kelp and salal
7
ep . red tide ' s drummer , ken jensen is later spent time pounding the skins for another canadian trio , d . o . a . before tragically he was killed in a fire at his basement home .
in order to bypass this disciplinary and ethical squabble , researchers at proctor & gamble exercised a new tactic : track down women who called the company complaining of sickness but later recovered , and talk to them more specifically about their health with an eye toward gaining access to their medical records , which presumably would more accurately reflect a diagnosis of tss by a credentialed physician . according to roscoe owen carter , the phd chemist in charge of paper products development and , therefore , rely , the self - reporting of tss to doctors and the cdc was sketchy at best , with cases not meeting all of the criteria for the clinical definition . he believed “the only way that you could make a decision as to whether this might have been toxic shock syndrome was to get to the physician , talk with him , and then actually see the medical records , go through these medical records” [ 46 ] .
no anthology of the toxic shock years would be complete without the zimbo chimps , another release on our subsidiary label , budget ranch . featuring ex - members of peace corpse and savage republic . although the band played only one disastrous live show , they almost changed forever the face of music as we know it . i guess you had to be there .
we have shown that within uk waters , outbreaks of shellfish poisoning are occurring on a regular basis in different regions and affect a diverse range of molluscan shellfish and other marine organisms . every year , several aquaculture site and shellfisheries are closed due to shellfish toxins , with closures ranging from weeks to several months . the toxin syndrome dsp has shown to be the most problematic toxin within the uk , with 19 records during the period 1999 - 2009 , which resulted in several shellfish harvesting closure . however , despite the regular occurrence of shellfish poisonings , data on human epidemiology of poisoning linked to toxic marine microalgae species is sparse . an extensive literature review of shellfish poisoning has shown that only disparate records are available for incidents and episodes within the uk , with only the large outbreaks related to shellfish and aquaculture industries being recorded . however , the accuracy of the uk data must be treated with caution . despite obtaining data for hospital admissions , gp records , and pathology records , it remains extremely difficult to determine the precise number of patients who have been affected by toxic shellfish poisoning .
the reporting of shellfish poisoning incidents to date has been sporadic . to attempt a systematic review , we accessed hospital records in wales using the secure anonymised information linkage ( sail ) databank [
here , we address the problem in two ways : first we describe the key toxic syndromes and gather together the disparate data on their epidemiology from sporadic uk records and monitoring procedures . we describe the ecology of the main species , including their seasonal patterns , global distribution and how these might be affected by climate change . second , using the health information research unit for wales ( hiru ) , all nhs hospital admissions and gp records involving shellfish toxins were identified within wales , and the implication for monitoring shellfish poisoning in the uk are discussed .
he missed nirvana’s first los angeles concert , but in 1989 , he saw them play an instore at rhino records westwood and a paying show the same night at al’s bar in downtown l . a .
► invasive gas tss is a serious disease with a high case fatality rate ; an ongoing health challenge . ► early implementation of infection control measures is very crucial in the successful management and control of this outbreak . ► infection control investigations should start after the identification of the first case . ► mode of gas transmission needs further studies . ► the first report on gas toxic shock syndrome in qatar .
on the galician coast . toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea . edited by : smayda tj , shimizu y . 1993 , amsterdam : elsevier science publisher , 3 : 59 - 65 .
brr - 3 hickoids
hard corn
blue - corn wax , on budget ranch records feature the truckstop anthem
driftwood 40 - 23
. the last 4 songs to feature guitarist jukebox . 7
ep
meanwhile , we concentrated our eforts on running the retail shop . the record stores ' name changed with our move to tucson to toxic ranch , maintaining some of our history , but with a regional twist . we hope you ' ve enjoyed this trek down our memory lane and hope we can continue exposing great music to more ears via our shop toxic ranch in downtown tucson .
yet another unsolicited demo tape was to catch me off - guard . the fact that the band hailed from the tame college - rock capital of boston was a surprise . hullabaloo ' s gritty , blustering and unrestrained approach to music seemed vitally needed and i set my sights on convincing the world of their importance .
beat until stiff
is the title track from the first of 2 - lps recorded for toxic shock .
since the early 1980s , health advocates , marketers , scientists , and physicians have taught menstruating women that the use of a tampon may cause toxic shock syndrome ( tss ) . for the most part , we have a general understanding that tampons are to blame for tss . one college student said that in her microbiology class , she learned “if you leave a tampon in too long , you can get toxic shock syndrome . ” this message has been so well distributed and internalized that this misleading statement is understood as scientific fact . however , despite the good intentions to protect women’s health , the message about the dangers of tampons perpetuates a crucial misunderstanding . tampons alone do not cause tss . specifically , the bacterium staphylococcus aureus ( s . aureus ) is responsible for tss , and its role and complicated relationship to the tampon have vanished from the message .
morello records was launched in july 2012 and brings you the best in country music re - issues . many of our releases have never been available on cd before , so are proving to be welcome additions to music collectors .
another demo tape that arrived at my p . o . box in 1988 immediately caught our attention . the band was house of large sizes , a power trio from cedar falls , iowa and they had a powerful and engaging sound that was irresistible . their debut album
one big cake
was on toxic shock . one of the hardest touring bands on the label since raw power , their follow - up
heat miser
came out in 1990 and the h . o . l . s . are the first toxic shock band to actually make it to the major leagues with their
my ass kickin life
lp on columbia in ' 94 . we couldn ' t be prouder if we had given birth to a two - headed calf . these days , today , dave and barb run a cool shop in cedar falls called
mohair pear
.
but later in the ’80s , he recalls , the dead kennedys broke up . black flag broke up . “red hot chili peppers , jane’s addiction were the big things . and i didn’t like that , ” he says , adding that the fatigue brought on by l . a . ’s freeways didn’t help keep him in the area , either . so they moved their mail - order business and label toxic shock and it wasn’t long before the indie rock lover in sassenberger embraced tucson’s music scene , putting out records by feast upon cactus thorns , the fells , mondo guano , doo rag , al perry . the label spanned about 1983 to 1998 , sassenberger says .
i first caught wind of austin , texas legends the hickoids when toxic shock obtained some copies of
we ' re in it for the corn
lp on matako mazuri . they were undisputed masters of beer - fueled country - punk mayhem long before the hollywood imitation cow - punk scene began . i met the band when i was in new orleans in1986 during our ill - fated toxic shock expansion into the french quarter and agreed to reissue their then out of print
corn
lp and subsequently the
hard corn
ep . after bringing their brand of lunacy on the road they converted befuddled masses to their music .
animal husbandry
showcases the talents of guitarist jukebox . after his departure , the band regrouped in 1988 with the
waltz across - dress texas
lp . the anthem to their lifestyle ,
brand new way
comes from that lp .
welcome to west midlands records . this is the branch of cherry red dedicated to the releases of lawrence after his departure from felt . here you will find albums by the great man performing as denim & go - kart mozart .
paul mahern emerged once again in 1989 with his new band the datura seeds who demonstrated a sharp pop sensibility . unfortunately the stigma of toxic shock ' s hardcore reputation probably prevented many from discovering a great band .
s & p ; ' 69
comes from their now out of print
who do you want it to be
lp , one of our releases that never made it to the cd format , along with jesus chrysler .
durkee bought anything put out by nirvana’s label , tiny sub pop records , and thus was a fan of the band early on . “bleach , ” nirvana’s first album , was released on june 15 , 1989 — 25 years ago .
3 james todd adds , “it should have been obvious that the group of young women with ‘vaginitis’ were of menstruating age and , in fact , three of our original patients , in retrospect , were menstruating at the onset of their illness , but we missed completely the possibility of any connection with tampon use . ” see james k . todd , “toxic shock syndrome—scientific uncertainty and the public media . ” pediatrics 67 . 6 ( june 1981 ) : 921 - 923 . p . 922 .
hot shot records is a brand new imprint from the bbr team that is set to breathe life back into a variety of smart pop , dance gems and hidden treasures from the 1980’s . the label kicks off with expanded edition reissue of joboxers’ debut album .
guilt regret embarrassment
was an appropriate title for treepeople ' s toxic shock release and summarized the relationship between the band and the label . i was guilty in delaying its release due to financial constraints , the band may have regretted signing the recording contract with us , and daniel house is probably embarrassed to admit we showed an interest in the band long before he did . regardless ,
g . r . e .
stands the test of time as the band ' s best albums .
strain . rectal temperature was monitored . spleens were sampled histologically 4 days after inoculation . to assess enhanced susceptibility to endotoxin shock , 4 h after inoculation rabbits were injected intravenously with 10 μg ( equivalent to 0 . 02 to 0 . 05 50 % lethal dose ) of
i used to hear
systematic shutdown
on a pomona - area college station kspc and couldn ' t get it out of my mind . i finally tracked down jesus chrysler in oak ridge , tennessee ( the birthplace of the a - bomb ) and asked if they wanted to record an lp . after toxic shock made the move to tucson in 1988 , the album
this years savior
, loaded with their infectious songwriting , was released and the band did quite a bit of touring , some with the hickoids before breaking up .
big break records ( bbr ) is a label that specialises in classic black dance music from the sixties , seventies and eighties . we plan to take listeners on a journey that starts with psychedelic soul and jazz though funk and philly soul , on to disco and then to street soul , pop dance and electro . hot shot records is a brand new imprint from the bbr team that is set to breathe life back into a variety of smart pop , dance gems and hidden treasures from the 1980’s . the label kicks off with expanded edition reissue of joboxers’ debut album .
welcome to exotica , a label quietly obsessed with the strangest , craziest and greatest cover versions of beatles records ever made . designer & label manager jim phelan has made it his goal to uncover such buried treasures before compiling and presenting them to you in this fantastic quirky series of exotic releases .
hne recordings was created as the hard rock and heavy metal arm of label ‘cherry red records’ with the mission to bring you the best classic reissues and new music from the world of rock and metal . our bands include the mighty pig iron and classic metal super group the mcauley schenker group .
within the uk , several toxic marine microalgae species , where some species are also known as harmful algal bloom ( hab ) species are present throughout the coastal regions . these species produce biotoxins , which are ingested by filter feeding organisms , accumulating within their flesh [
when i was a freshman in high school , my friend mick calhoun had more punk records than anyone i knew at that point ( and the total amount of punks in our school at that time was about 7 ) . i asked him if he would tape some stuff for me because being so young , i didn’t have a whole lot of access or money to buy many records . he kindly obliged and asked me what i wanted and one of my requests was the peace corpse 7″ . he not only put that on the tape , but one side of this compilation because “one of these bands became peace corpse after this record” . i loved the two songs he recorded ( as well as the entire tape for that matter ) and eventually i was able to procure my own copies of all those records he taped for me . so much for “home taping is killing music” huh ?
this essay examines factors leading to the identification of toxic shock syndrome with the bacteria staphylococcus aureus in 1978 and the specific role of rely tampons in generating a technologically rooted health crisis . the concept biologically incompatible technology is offered to explain the relationship between constituent bacteria , women’s menstrual cycles , and a reactive technology that converged to create the ideal environment for the s . aureus bacteria to live and flourish in some women . the complicated and reactive relationship of the rely tampon to emergent disease , corporate interests , public health , and injury law reveals the dangers of naturalizing technologies .
in the ' 90s , quite a few bands played at the shop , and one closely associated with toxic ranch was called jesus chrysler . among the voracious outpour of support and respect for sassenberger and towns ' contributions came a call from this long - defunct band .
tox - 21 v / a noise from nowhere # 9 mondo guano / slo deluxe 2 of tucson ' s oddest noise purveyors . mondo guano captured live at toxic ranch while slo - deluxe reinterpret a hank williams song with a heavy handed swans approach . 7
ep
ww - 8 the fells
amped
11 song tucson fuzz / punk / garage debut . now signed to estrus records , but this release captures their less regimented lo - fi swagger . fans of their estrus release and various 7
s should definately check out the fells in their prime . cd only
] . there have been several in - depth reviews concerning the toxins produced by these toxic microalgae species , and the future implication of climate change on these species composition and potential alterations in locations . however , despite many closures of fisheries there is very little literature concerning the epidemiology of adverse events on human health . generally , information regarding the acute manifestations of these illnesses is greatly under reported , and species involved not even identified . with the changing hydrological conditions and the general idea that toxic microalgae species are increasing in their geographical location and frequency [
soulmusic records was initially formed in 2008 as a logical outgrowth of the website bearing its name , considered one of the top sites for classic and contemporary r & b and soul music . the site was originally created in 2000 by david nathan , renowned r & b historian , author , sleeve notes writer and music journalist .
first , all hospital episodes that had any mention of
toxic effects of noxious substances eaten as seafood ( icd10 code t61 )
for all welsh nhs trusts during april 1998 - 31 st august 2009 were identified . from 1998 - 2009 , there were 61 hospital episodes within wales , with 5 of those being re - admission following an initial visit . out of the 56 individual hospital patients , 51 were successfully allocated an alf , which enables the anonymous linkage of person level data within and across all national datasets . from the 51 alf admissions , 7 detailed pathology reports , and 6 mortality records from 2003 - 2009 , were identified .
from the art pop of 10cc to the silky soul sounds of the drifters , the glam stomp of the glitter band to the acoustic folky pop of smokie , the rock n roll of showaddywaddy to the hard rockin’ sweet , teen heart throbs like donny osmond to tv actors turned singers like david soul… . the seventies had it all and 7t’s records has it all too ! with well over 100 titles already available 7t’s records has become the label for all things seventies and beyond . we still have many more titles planned and always take on board suggestions for new releases , so if you think there is something that should be given the 7t’s treatment then drop us a line at infonet @ urltoken
th ' inbred came highly recommended to me by jello biafra and when the band sent a demo tape my way , i was hooked . a band from west virginia , they dared to fuse progressive rock with hardcore and took a cynical stab at the then just emerging straight - edge movement with
the positive song
on their debut
a family affair
. by the time the posthumous lp
kissin cousins
was released it was clear that they , like myself , had become disillusioned with the limitations of the hardcore punk genre . their drummer and songwriter , billy atwell later went on to release a solo lp
ferret in a china shop
on another toxic shock subsidiary , bobok ltd .
we conclude that although the incidence of shellfish poisoning is likely to be low , the current data is insufficient to allow an accurate estimate . this raises the important question of how changes in the incidence rate , that might be associated with the distribution of toxic microalgae of hab species , would be detected ? at the human level , although it is a notifiable event , reporting is not likely to be accurate enough to quickly identify trends over time . in contrast , routine testing at the fisheries level is much more likely to be able to identify changes in the rate of toxic events and remains the key surveillance system in the uk , acting as a sentinel for potential human impact .
the resulting injury brought about by rely , however , was complicated because the causal model did not fully account for relational injury . in and of itself , rely was not defective . it was not composed of toxic materials causing direct harm or triggering cancerous growths . as a medical device , it seemed inert , and rely did not directly cause tss . the injury incurred is better understood , i argue , through a reactive model . once moistened and lodged in a vaginal canal , rely held the strong potential to interact with bacterium that may be present as constituent communities within some women’s bodies . since makers presumed it to be inert , the leap to the reactivity of the technology seemed far - fetched . 4 yet , the live bacteria and synthetic tampon energetically interacted and were co - factors in producing illness . as jain points out , design flaws may materialize as visible requiring compensation or remain invisible and go unrecognized . it is exactly the invisibility of a reactive gendered technology in the form of a tampon and injury manifesting in women’s bodies identified as toxic shock syndrome that contributed to this health crisis .
by the turn of the century , toxic ranch ' s first great era was winding down . sassenberger remembers that
vinyl sales were dropping off—cds were dominating the market and the music itself was not quite as exciting in the underground . there were a lot of cookie - cutter ska bands and nofx - wannabe bands . it wasn ' t as fun .
but all of those things are more important to us , the community , for sassenberger and towns really did change , shape , and alter the course of many of our lives . or , as a friend of mine whose life was greatly impacted by toxic ranch put it ,
tucson could really benefit from having more people like bill sassenberger around .
jesus chrysler played toxic ranch on saturday , dec . 14 , with texas trash and the trainwrecks and the pork torta . sassenberger and towns were visibly moved at the event .
there ' s some sentimentality there , but this is ridiculous . that really makes me feel proud of my accomplishments and what i ' ve done ,
he said before the performance .
strike force entertainment has now teamed up with cherry red records to bring you the very best in specialist dvd titles . with historical documentaries on everything from the first world war to swingin’ sixties rock n roll plus a whole lot of cult & classic feature films . to receive more information , get exclusive film clips and hear about special offers please sign up to the strike force entertainment mailing list at : news @ urltoken
the cherry pop label is dedicated to interesting poptastic catalogue releases from records that originally came out in the 1980’s & 90’s . cherry pop got off to a flying start with releases from latoya jackson , sheena easton and haysi fantayzee . this really is a label driven by fans requests so please do let us know of any releases you would like to see out on this imprint . please contact ideas @ urltoken with your ideas .
pressure drop is the ska and early reggae imprint of cherry red records . initially releasing the extensive and essential works of the godfather of ska , laurel aitken , the label’s aim is to feature a wide variety of artists , from jamaican originators to british - based acts who were at the forefront of the ska revival in the late seventies and early eighties . pressure drop is curated by reggae & ska expert laurence cane - honeysett .
so here we are – meet this three - piece from hannover . you know probably all of them from a ton of former bands , like perth express , glasses , problem is you , the pyre… anyways : caffeine are nothing like these , caffeine are a good flip through your favourite postmetal records . apocalyptic , monumental , devastating… think of coliseum meet doomriders meet old mastodon meet neurosis . very intense and „groovy“ stuff , highly technical but not too complicated
cherry red records prides itself on having the largest ( known ) selection of football related cds and downloads in the world . this has proved to be a very popular and successful series . we are now up to over 50 releases and we keep finding more and more clubs who are happy for us to build a release around them . if we haven’t released a cd by your club yet and you want to help , then let’s hear from you !
although there has been few human related illness from ingestion of toxins from shellfish in the uk , there remains a threat that this risk will increase over time . the potential future change in species composition due to climate change , could bring new toxic species into the surrounding uk waters . unless these potential toxic marine species are monitored in their distribution and frequency , these new species could go unnoticed by the current monitoring system . if that is the case there could be several more human related incidents within the uk , whether it is medical related or indirect , via the closure of aquaculture sites . in contrast , in the usa , estimates of the economic impact of habs are averaged at $ 75 million / year over the period 1987 - 2000 , which includes impacts from public health , commercial fishing , recreation and tourism , and monitoring and management costs [
the health crisis of tampon - related tss is inextricably linked to research and development practices at proctor & gamble , the science of epidemiology , the legal categorization of tampons as medical devices , and feminist notions of the right to a safe and hygienic menstrual period . in addition , the relationship of tss to tampons reveals an important triad of a woman’s body to bacteria to technology to consider when designing and developing new biotechnologies . this case demonstrates the importance of understanding the relationship of technologies to constituent bacterial communities in women’s bodies and thinking beyond a causal model to a reactive model . the complicated and reactive relationship of the rely tampon to emergent disease , corporate interests , public health , and injury law reveals the dangers of naturalizing technologies . with growing reliance upon artificial joints and implanted medical devices , the study and framework of biologically incompatible technologies , as read through toxic shock syndrome and tampons , offers a means to re - evaluate safety and injury in relation to all of our bodily ecologies .
in the absence of a suitable epidemiological surveillance system , the routine fisheries testing regimes remain the key indicator of any potential change in exposure of the human population . from this routine testing we have already seen an increase in abundance of pseudo - nitzschia in the last 5 years with the species now being present in over 50 % of the water samples . in addition , predicted warmer waters in the uk could suit several species with southern biogeographical affinities enabling them to occupy the coastal regions of the uk , but which are not yet considered to be detrimental . to ensure the uk monitoring systems are up to date with the increasing number of new toxic species and the changing seasonal and geographic distribution patterns , research into the environmental conditions that lead to bloom development and toxin production would help predict bloom event . long term time series of toxic marine microalgae need to be monitored to assess and determine if species are indeed spreading in their geographical location or increasing in frequency .
brought to you “by collectors for collectors” , rpm records was founded by brand owner and label manager mark stratford in 1991 . rpm specialises in 1960’s - 1980’s uk and us reissues and bespoke compilations . many iconic releases have been created from ‘the teenage opera’ to joe meek’s ‘ i hear a new world’ to the aerovons to mod defining ‘looking…’ box sets . offshoot series include rpm international for 60’s / 70’s recordings from outside the uk and us / frenzy – focusing on new zealand and australia / shout – a heritage of classic soul and r’n’b .
there were a lot of people who ' d come up from sierra vista , nogales—all parts of southern arizona looked to our place as a unique place to buy and sell their own music and buy stuff they couldn ' t get elsewhere ,
he says . and that was the moment when toxic ranch ceased to be just a record store and became the center of the local underground rock music community . kids would come in and find a record or a book that altered their lives ; bands would get started from conversations between customers .
] . the important step here is the anonymous linkage of hospital events to a very wide set of health information to the individual , including demographics , mortality statistics , gp records and laboratory tests . this potentially allows a very detailed assessment of the hospital event , and confirmation of its cause and longer term effects . in brief , a split - file approach is used to ensure anonymisation . the datasets are prepared by health solutions wales and separated into , clinical and demographic data . an anonymous system linking field ( alf ) is assigned to ensure that the data can be re - connected later at the analysis stage [
caruso ' s really made me make a decision : i gotta do something . we gotta get out and i gotta figure out what i want to do with the rest of my life with regards to the store .
there ' s no trace of anger or negativity in sassenberger ' s voice when he talks about the end of his store as a physical entity . when he announced that toxic ranch would be closing at the end of the year , he decided to have weekly in - store live shows for the remainder of the year .
toxic shock - like syndrome ( tsls ) caused by streptococcus pyogenes exotoxin was first reported in 1983 ( 39 ) . numerous cases of tsls have been reported since stevens et al . ( 34 ) first described a 1989 outbreak of life - threatening streptococcal tsls in 20 young individuals in the rocky mountains . the working group on severe streptococcal infections created criteria in 1993 to define group a streptococcal ( gas ) tsls ( 3 ) . the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins ( spes ) produced by gas cause fever , erythematous skin rashes , and various immunopathological and cytotoxic effects . the spes range in size from 20 to 40 kda for the cloned toxin gene products ( 5 , 11 , 28 ) . the genes for three types of spes have been cloned and sequenced ( 31 , 33 ) . all are superantigens that bind to human and mouse major histocompatibility complex ( mhc ) proteins ( 7 , 15 , 24 ) . the spe type a ( spea ) , spec , and several variants of the streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin z are members of a superantigen family . five additional superantigens ( types g , h , j , k , and i ) have been identified based on sequence homology ( 24 , 28 ) .
ebbs and flows seem built into the life of a place like toxic ranch , even though its owners ( it’s co - owned by julianna towns , sassenberger’s wife ) have infused it with personality . rock and political t - shirts fight for space on the walls – everything from johnny rotten’s mug to a “bush hates me” tee – as do misfits and rancid posters . the selection of books and magazines / zines is dense and focused , and cds for locals are right on the counter . the indie rock stock ranges from a captain beefheart vinyl reissue to the newest wolf parade , which later plays in the store .
infection , infectious mononucleosis , drug rash , or other viral infections . oropharyngeal cultures were performed on patients suspected of having gas infection based on purulent oropharyngeal exudate . cases enrolled during 1990 - 1991 season were studied retrospectively . those enrolled in subsequent years were identified prospectively by one of the authors ( b . z . ) . during the first outbreak season , physicians and nurses in the hospital were specifically trained to assess children and adults for this infection . clinical specimens were collected , medical records were reviewed , and a questionnaire was completed that included clinical diagnosis , underlying illnesses , history of sick contacts , and social activities in the prior 2 weeks . informed consent was obtained from all subjects . the science and research bureau of fudan university approved the study .
stls is a severe , multisystem illness characterized by the rapid onset of fever and hypotension and is a subset of invasive streptococcal disease . the spes ( also known as erythrogenic toxins or scarlet fever toxins ) include the serologically distinct types a , b , c , d , f , g , and h , as well as streptococcal superantigen and streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin z ( 6 , 10 , 17 ) . the spes are responsible for the fever , rash , and severe clinical manifestations of tsls . other than some members of the streptococcus milleri group , viridans streptococci , including s . mitis , are not considered to possess traditional virulence factors ( 4 ) . we identified a novel 34 - kda protein from s . mitis that was highly pyrogenic and enhanced susceptibility to lethal endotoxin shock .
these guys haven ' t been together in the same state for 20 years ,
sassenberger says .
they were on our label when things were better . they heard about the store closing and their drummer said , ' hey , bill , are you gonna have one of the old toxic bands come and send you off in style ? ' one of ( the band members ) lives in tennessee—that ' s where they ' re originally from . another one ' s in colorado , one lives in berkeley , one lives in kansas city , and they ' re all gonna come for this one - off reunion show just to play our shop . it was like , ' you gotta be kidding me . you ' re not really gonna do this . '
a 34 - kda protein precipitated from culture supernatant by 20 % ammonium sulfate was pyrogenic in rabbits . the temperature increased steadily over 4 h after injection , with a mean temperature increase of 1 . 1°c ( fig . 2 ) . fever decreased over the next 6 to 8 h and returned to normal within several days . all animals injected with the 34 - kda protein also developed diarrhea , as well as redness of the ears and mucous membranes . gross examination revealed that cardiac tissue was rigid , and histological examination showed punctate hemorrhages . at 4 days the spleens showed increased mitotic features with congestion of red pulp and proliferation of white pulp . intravenous challenge of animals previously injected with the 34 - kda protein by injecting e . coli endotoxin caused death in all animals within 16 to 29 h , confirming increased susceptibility to lethal endotoxic shock . in contrast , culture supernatant from the control s . mitis strain displayed none of these effects , and animals survived after e . coli endotoxin challenge .
within wales , 56 individual patients were identified with
toxic effects of noxious substances eaten as seafood
from 1998 - 2009 , with an age range of 5 - 94 years . the length of stay in hospital varied between 1 to 11 days , with the average stay length of 2 . 5 days ( significantly related to age ) . the majority of incidents occurred during the summer months ( june - august ) . six patients were noted to have died , with a delay of between 7 months and 9 years after their incident , suggesting that there have been no deaths in wales directly resulting from shellfish poisoning over the survey period . the population of wales is approximately 2 . 9 million , hence assuming these patterns are representative , these results imply an estimated incidence of shellfish poisoning of 100 cases per year in the uk ( of 16 per million per year ) .


oxford nanopore technologies limited is a u.k.-based company which is developing and selling nanopore sequencing products ( including the portable dna sequencer , minion ) for the direct , electronic analysis of single molecules .

oxford nanopore technologies

oxford nanopore’s minion™ usb - attached miniature sensing device . photo : oxford nanopore technologies
press release : oxford nanopore technologies : new study : oxford nanopore technologies ltd . - strategic swot analysis review
press release : oxford nanopore technologies : new report available : oxford nanopore technologies ltd . - medical equipment - deals and alliances profile
the minion™ dna sequencer from oxford nanopore technologies fits in the palm of a hand . ( photo credit : oxford nanopore technologies )
( pr - inside . com ) oxford nanopore technologies ltd . ( oxford nanopore ) , formerly oxford nanolabs ltd . , i . . .
james brayer , oxford nanopore technologies inc . , cambridge , ma , united states
oxford nanopore : oxford nanopore ' s valuation hits £1 . 5bn after asia - pac funding round
oxford nanopore technologies develops nanopore - based electronic systems for analyzing single molecules , including dna , rna and proteins .
oxford nanopore technologies a uk company that offers several portable realtime dnarna sequencers com . . .
37 . © copyright 2016 oxford nanopore technologies ⎪ 37 concurrent reads migration to monogodb3 . 0
oxford nanopore technologies , an affordable dna sequencing devices supplier seeking to break the stra . . .
oxford nanopore technologies wants to get your dna online , and that future is closer than you think .
oxford nanopore technologies has tapped a global syndicate of investors for $ 140 million to fuel its . . .
real - time dna sequencer firm oxford nanopore technologies has raised £100m to support its next phase . . .
technology focus from clive g brown , cto of oxford nanopore technologies . the minion is for research use only .
a tiny new device called the minion , developed by oxford nanopore technologies , promises to help sci . . .
oxford nanopore technologies ltd is developing a new generation of nanopore - based electronic systems for analysis of single molecules , including dna , rna and proteins .
oxford nanopore technologies , facing a lawsuit from illumina , revealed that this microscopic pore , csgg , underlies its new devices .
oxford nanopore ' s ceo , gordon sanghera , currently has an approval rating of 100 % . oxford nanopore ' s primary competitors are
oxford nanopore develops and commercializes nanopore - based dna , rna and protein molecule sensing system . oxford nanopore ' s headquarters is located in oxford science park , england . for every employee , oxford nanopore generates $ 36 . 7k in revenue . oxford nanopore ' s latest funding round was a equity for $ 140m on mar 2018 . oxford nanopore ' s top competitor is pacbio , led by michael hunkapiller , who is their chairman & ceo . oxford nanopore has 205 followers on owler .
oxford nanopore develops and commercializes nanopore - based dna , rna and protein molecule sensing system . oxford nanopore was founded in 2005 . oxford nanopore ' s headquarters is located in oxford science park , england , gb ox4 4dq . it has raised 658 . 4m i . . .
oxford nanopore technologies . pcr - based , pcr - free , and rapid barcoding for minion and promethion libraries . available at : urltoken .
oxford nanopore technologies . voltrax : a rapid , programmable , portable , disposable device for sample and library preparation . available at : urltoken .
owler has collected 12 screenshots of oxford nanopore ' s website since aug 2014 . the latest oxford nanopore website design screenshot was captured in oct 2017 .
oxford nanopore technologies ltd . develops technologies for molecular detection and analysis in the united kingdom . the company offers base technology , a system for dna sequencing that employs nanopores to process , identify , and record dna bases in sequence . its technologies are used in dna sequencing , diagnostics , drug development , biomolecular interaction , ion channel screening , and defense applications . the company was formerly known as oxford nanolabs , ltd . and changed its name to oxford nanopore technologies ltd . in may 2008 . oxford nanopore technologies ltd . was founded in 2005 and is based in kidlington , the united kingdom .
oxford nanopore technologies ltd is a private company headquartered at the oxford science park outside oxford , uk , with satellite offices in cambridge ( uk ) , new york and boston , and personnel also based in japan and france .
oxford , england - - ( business wire ) - - oxford nanopore announces £70 million fundraising to support develo . . .
oxford nanopore technologies was spun out from the university of oxford in 2005 . until may 2008 , the company was named oxford nanolabs ltd . oxford nanopore employs a team of more than 300 people including scientists , engineers , informaticians , manufacturing and commercial specialists . headquartered in oxford , uk , the company also has employees in cambridge ( uk ) , new york and boston .
are we heading for a minion movement in healthcare ? clive brown , cto of oxford nanopore technologies , talks to pharmatimes about the internet of living things .
oxford nanopore currently has 1 , 779 fans on facebook . as of august 2014 oxford nanopore had 155 fans . that ' s a 1047 percent increase in 4 years
© 2008 - 2018 oxford nanopore technologies . all rights reserved . registered office : gosling building , edmund halley road , oxford science park , ox4 4dq , uk | registered no . 05386273 | vat no 874 642494 | privacy policy | cookie policy | terms & conditions . oxford nanopore technologies , the wheel icon , gridion , metrichor , flongle , minion , minknow , promethion and voltrax are registered trademarks of oxford nanopore technologies limited in various countries . flongle , minion and promethion are currently for research use only .
since oxford nanopore was founded in 2005 , it has participated in 11 rounds of funding . in total oxford nanopore has raised $ 658 . 4m . oxford nanopore ' s last funding round was on mar 2018 for a total of $ 140 . 0m
oxford nanopore is organising its first conference , a two day event ) on all things nanopore in london , aptly named as london calling . among the many interesting talks , the most anticipated talks is from oxford nanopore cto clive brown’s talk announcing the future things to expect from oxford nanopore .
supported by a broad patent portfolio , the university - of - oxford nanopore pipeline includes multiple generations of nanopore - based sensing technologies , including those based on both biological and solid - state nanopores .
sara goodwin of coldspring harbour laboratory talks to the oxford nanopore community at london calling .
oxford nanopore ' s minion sequencer can read dna fragments up to 10 kilobases long .
oxford nanopore currently has 18 , 771 followers on twitter . as of august 2014 oxford nanopore had 6 , 609 followers . that ' s a 184 percent increase in 3 years
the minion ( aka biomolecule sequencer ) , a miniaturized dna sequencer , by oxford nanopore technologies is 3 ¼ × 1 ¼ × 5 / 8 inches and has a mass of 120 grams . the sequencer is powered via usb connection to a laptop or tablet and does not require a battery . image courtesy of oxford nanopore technologies .
nanopore devices can be adapted for direct sequencing of dna or rna . supported by a broad patent portfolio , the oxford nanopore pipeline includes multiple generations of nanopore - based sensing technologies , including those based on both biological and solid - state nanopores .
results from oxford nanopore ' s minion are promising , but fall short of high expectations .
oxford nanopore offers a range of options for converting your original biological sample to a form ready for application into a nanopore sensing device .
in october 2013 oxford nanopore raised £40m from new and existing investors in the us and europe .
in august 2014 oxford nanopore raised £35m from new and existing investors in the us and europe .
in july 2015 oxford nanopore raised £70m from new and existing investors in the us and europe .
this study aimed to assess the feasibility of using the oxford nanopore technologies ( ont ) minion long - read sequencer in reconstructing fully closed plasmid sequences from eight enterobacteriaceae i . . .
a sample being loaded into a flow cell attached to the minion . the minion is powered through a usb cable connected to a laptop or tablet . image courtesy of oxford nanopore technologies .
in september 2016 , oxford nanopore held a technical update , announcing new product upgrades to the minion .
new york ( genomeweb ) – oxford nanopore technologies yesterday provided several updates on its technology development and commercialization plans , including a new minion flow cell , called flongle , for clinical diagnostic applications .
a tiny new device called the minion , developed by oxford nanopore technologies , promises to help scientists sequence dna in space . nasa ' s biomolecule sequencer investigation is a technology demonstration of the device .
the oxford nanopore technologies ( ont ) minion is a new sequencing technology that potentially offers read lengths of tens of kilobases ( kb ) limited only by the length of dna molecules presented to it .
biotech firm oxford nanopore has raised £100m from its latest private funding round , valuing the rapi . . .
to assess the performance of the oxford nanopore technologies minion sequencing platform , cdnas from the external rna controls consortium ( ercc ) rna spike - in mix were sequenced . this mix mimics mamm . . .
in february 2010 oxford nanopore raised £17 . 4m from existing investors and new , undisclosed us - based investors .
motivation : the highly portable oxford nanopore minion sequencer has enabled new applications of genome sequencing directly in the field .
nabsys is oxford nanopore ' s # 2 rival . nabsys was founded in 2004 in providence , rhode island . nabsys operates in the health care services industry . nabsys generates $ 849 . 8k more revenue than oxford nanopore .
pacbio is one of oxford nanopore ' s top competitors . pacbio was founded in 2000 , and its headquarters is in menlo park , california . pacbio competes in the biotechnology field . pacbio has 343 more employees than oxford nanopore .
background the minion™ is a new , portable single - molecule sequencer developed by oxford nanopore technologies . it measures four inches in length and is powered from the usb 3 . 0 port of a laptop comp . . .
genia is a top competitor of oxford nanopore . genia is a private company that was founded in santa clara , california in 2009 . genia is in the health care services industry . genia has 83 more employees vs . oxford nanopore .
the minion is a portable single - molecule dna sequencing instrument that was released by oxford nanopore technologies in 2014 , producing long sequencing reads by measuring changes in ionic flow when single - stranded dna molecules translocate through the pores .
does oxford nanopore even use mspa in its sequencers ? very few people are in a position to know ; oxford nanopore does not disclose the makeup of its nanopores . the company was founded on the work of hagan bayley , a biochemist at the university of oxford , whose published research has mostly concerned a different nanopore - forming protein , α - hemolysin . but many different proteins have been suggested as promising nanopore materials , and oxford could easily have changed course during the minion’s development .
the oxford nanopore technologies minion sequencer enables the selection of specific dna molecules for sequencing by reversing the driving voltage across individual nanopores . to directly select molecules for sequencing , we used dynamic time warping to match reads to reference sequences .
oxford nanopore has raised â100m ( $ 140m ) to expand its product range including a device for food and . . .
san diego - - ( business wire ) - - feb . 23 , 2016 - - illumina , inc . ( nasdaq : ilmn ) today announced that the company filed lawsuits against oxford nanopore technologies ltd . and oxford nanopore technologies , inc . ( ont ) . the lawsuits were filed concurrently with the u . s . international trade commission and in the u . s . district court for the southern district of california . illumina is seeking all available remedies .
oxford nanopore has employees and is the third highest among it ' s top 10 competitors . the top 10 competitors average 116 .
a clever combination of technologies makes it faster and more secure to buy things with a wave of your phone .
genome assemblies obtained from short read sequencing technologies are often fragmented into many contigs because of the abundance of repetitive sequences .
deamer first came up with the idea for nanopore sequencing in 1989 when he was at uc davis . at uc santa cruz , he and akeson established the nanopore research group in 1996 , making important advances in nanopore sequencing technology in the subsequent decades . they both serve on oxford nanopore ' s technology advisory board .
36 . © copyright 2016 oxford nanopore technologies ⎪ 36 current work testing automated ansible scripts to deploy server and mongodb instances . locust to throw lots of data to deployed webserver nodes month of data in five minutes migration to 3 . 0 ( with wiredtiger )
13 . © copyright 2016 oxford nanopore technologies ⎪ 13 usb powers device , link to laptop or computer to operate consumable flowcell contains nanopore sensing chemistry and custom electronics sample added to flowcell here . currently this is prepared dna , designed to work with blood / tissue sensor chip works with custom asic for control and data processing
asic each nanopore channel is controlled and measured individually by the bespoke asic . this allows for multiple nanopore experiments to be performed in parallel . more than one asic may be included in a device and oxford nanopore is building asics of different sizes for different purposes .
in october 2018 , oxford nanopore announced its entry into the chinese market , having appointed a distributor and established its first sales to customers .
the existing sequencing technologies , and whole genome sequencing ( wgs ) performed mainly at centralised facilities , will become a niche .
oxford nanopore ' s revenue is the third highest among it ' s top 10 competitors . the top 10 competitors average $ 1 . 4m .
as one of the first research institutes to take part in the minion access programme ( map ) for portable dna sequencing , introduced by oxford nanopore technologies , the genome analysis centre ( tgac ) ' s task force share their experience of the ground breaking trial so far .
we report a rapid , inexpensive , and portable strategy to re - identify human dna using the minion , a miniature sequencing sensor by oxford nanopore technologies . our strategy requires only 10 - 30 minutes of minion sequencing , works with low input dna , and enables familial searches .
in june 2017 , oxford nanopore launched its rna sequencing solutions . this provides the only direct , real time rna sequencing technology and additional cdna analysis .
oxford nanopore delivers continual improvement where all parts of the technology are shipped , improved and developed . the format of the hardware , software and chemistry changes on a regular basis ( often over weeks rather than months ) . this iterative improvement process will continue throughout the lifetime of all oxford nanopore products .
glad to see oxford nanopore pushing the pace in our fair state ( california ) . at least five promethions in the san francisco bay area alone .
a nanopore is a nano - scale hole . in its devices , oxford nanopore passes an ionic current through nanopores and measures the changes in current as biological molecules pass through the nanopore or near it . the information about the change in current can be used to identify that molecule .
a good first shot , but not a game - changer — yet . that seems to be the consensus among scientists after today ' s first public release of data produced by the minion , an advanced and highly anticipated dna - sequencing device developed by uk company oxford nanopore technologies .
the talk did not seem to disappoint and clive brown announced a flurry of things to expect from oxford nanopore , minion asic , voltrax , and promethion .
* update , 11 march , 12 : 35 p . m . : oxford nanopore ' s response to illumina’s patent suite was added to the story .
oxford nanopore devices are fully scalable , based around a core sensing unit of a nanopore set in an arrayed sensor chip and used with a bespoke application - specific integrated circuit ( asic ) which controls and measures the experiments .
a nanopore is a nano - scale hole . in its devices , oxford nanopore passes an ionic current through nanopores and measures the changes in current as biological molecules pass through the nanopore or near it . the information about the change in current can be used to identify that molecule .
translating the oxford nanopore minion sequencing technology into medical microbiology requires on - going analysis that keeps pace with technological improvements to the instrument and release of associated analysis software .
in this talk i will cover the highs and lows of being part of the oxford nanopore minion access programme . our laboratory joined the map programme in may 2014 .
oxford nanopore was founded on the science of professor hagan bayley of the university of oxford . in 2008 the company created a series of collaborations with world - leading nanopore researchers at other institutions including harvard , university of california santa cruz and boston university . further collaborations have since been added ; these , in combination with in - house expertise and intellectual property give the company a leading position in nanopore technology .
oxford nanopore technologies aims to disrupt the paradigm of biological analysis . our technology and commercial model has already opened up dna analysis to researchers who previously had no direct access to sequencing technologies , freeing them up to perform analyses in their own labs or in the field , and in real time . we continually improve the technology performance , make it easier to use and expand the ways in which users can access nanopore sequencing . this technology pathway is designed to enable the analysis of any living thing , by any person , in any environment .
loman is a member of the minion access programme ( map ) and has received free - of - charge reagents for nanopore sequencing presented in this study . he has ongoing research collaborations with oxford nanopore but does not receive financial compensation for this .
in october 2016 , oxford nanopore announced that the early queue for the promethion early access programme was now full and announced transition to a more mature phase of the programme .
at this stage , oxford nanopore is not seeking additional investment . however , if you are interested in receiving information at the next opportunity then please use our contact form .
“it is gratifying , ” he said , “to have the commercial relevance of oxford nanopore products so publicly acknowledged by the market monopolist for [ next generation sequencing ] . ”
like many of oxford’s ideas , promethion is a work in progress . and it’s already well behind schedule . oxford now plans to start selling it later this year . “just sit tight , ” brown told scientists at oxford’s meeting . “the raw horsepower is enough to put you ahead . ”
clive g brown , cto of oxford nanopore , gave a technical update on 29 th september . if you missed it , you can watch it by registering your details here .
for his part , oxford nanopore ceo gordon sanghera , in a brief statement released today , said that illumina’s lawsuit is without merit and will not affect his company’s commercial prospects .
this work was funded in part by the wellcome trust , rosetrees trust , the biotechnology and biological sciences research council ( bbsrc ) , the canadian institutes of health research , the us national science foundation , the national institutes of health and the national human genome research institute ( nhgri ) . reagents were supplied by oxford nanopore technologies ltd .
nanopore systems will be developed that can also write dna , driving synthetic biology .
what is abundantly clear from looking through oxford’s intellectual property is that nanopore sequencing took a truly distributed effort to get off the ground . scientists from numerous universities in the us and the uk have played significant roles in bringing the world a working nanopore sequencer . so has the us government , through grants from the national human genome research institute and direct contributions from members of the national institute of standards and technologies . what oxford has done―and what illumina will have done , if it ever invents a nanopore sequencer of its own―is run the last , steepest mile , to engineer an instrument reliable enough for use in the real world .
biomolecular engineer mark akeson describes the development of nanopore sequencing technology at uc santa cruz .
oxford nanopore takes a different approach by using direct electronic sensing made possible by biological pores rather than sequencing chemistry , and could be a game changer in the field . the company was founded by
second and third generation sequencing technologies have revolutionised bacterial genomics . short - read illumina reads result in cheap but fragmented assemblies , whereas longer reads are more expensi . . .
enzyme motor : e7 to e8 . dna can be passed through the nanopore more rapidly , going from 250 bases per second per nanopore ( bps ) to 450 without losing accuracy
on 8th feb 2018 , clive brown , cto of oxford nanopore , gave an update on oxford nanopore technology . in this update he described the pathway to a sub $ 1000 genome using the promethion device , introduced ' flongle ' - a smaller flow cell for smaller experiments and tests , outlined the pathway to very high consensus accuracy , and some other goodies . . watch for more . show less
in may 2017 , r9 . 5 was shipped , to be compatible with the new 1d squared method of sequencing . oxford nanopore is at this stage producing more than 20gb from a single flow cell .
npreader ( jsa . np . f5reader ) is a program that extracts oxford nanopore sequencing data from fast5 files , performs an initial analysis of the date and streams them to real - time analysis pipelines .
a revolution is occurring in genomic epidemiology . recently , real - time portable genome sequencing using the oxford nanopore minion device was successfully used to characterize the genetic diversity of the ebola virus outbreak in guinea .
in november 2015 , minion users gathered at the first nanopore community meeting in new york .
motivation : the oxford nanopore minion sequencer , currently in pre - release testing through the minion access programme ( map ) , promises long reads in real - time from a cheap , compact , usb device .
it is time to shake up public health surveillance . new technologies for sequencing , aided by friction - free approaches to data sharing , could have an impact on public health efforts .
the minion device by oxford nanopore is the first portable sequencing device . minion is able to produce very long reads ( reads over 100 ~ kbp were reported ) , however it suffers from high sequencing error rate .
40 . © copyright 2016 oxford nanopore technologies ⎪ 40 zika virus research urltoken • how and when zikv was introduced to brazil • pattern and determinants of spread • extent of genetic diversity ( of importance to vaccine and diagnostic design ) , • associations between changes in the virus genome and • likelihood of zikv complications such as microcephaly . • provide a surveillance framework for tracking further spread into other geographic regions
metrichor was founded to offer fully integrated , bespoke , real - time analysis solutions based on scalable , real time nanopore sensing technologies . those complete solutions may include bespoke devices to extract a sample of interest , perform dna / rna sequencing or integrated software to provide analysis and actions .
the company now has more than 350 employees from multiple disciplines including nanopore science , molecular biology and applications , informatics , engineering , electronics , manufacturing and commercialisation . the management team , led by ceo dr gordon sanghera , has a track record of delivering disruptive technologies to the market .
illumina reserves the right to make nanopore sequencers in which dna passes through mspa or its derivatives .
motivation : the minion device by oxford nanopore is the first portable sequencing device . minion is able to produce very long reads ( reads over 100 ~ kbp were reported ) , however it suffers from high sequencing error rate .
metrichor ltd is a company formed by oxford nanopore . it offers end - to - end analysis solutions coupled with nanopore sensing devices , with the goal of making analyses accessible to people without bioinformatics skills or even biology qualifications . this may include ' applied markets ' such as food / environmental testing , or future consumer genetics applications .
illumina has plenty of competitors besides oxford nanopore . but while companies like pacific biosciences , thermo fisher , and qiagen all make machines that fill useful niches , they’re just nibbling at the edges of the genomics market . oxford―despite lingering problems with accuracy , and a history of delivering spectacularly behind schedule―is the only firm that looks like it might be an existential threat .
the band of aquanauts — including members of nasa and the european space agency ( esa ) — participated in a 16 - day underwater expedition known as the nasa extreme environment mission operations ( neemo ) 21 . the aquanauts first tested the palm - size minion dna sequencer , built by oxford nanopore technologies , underwater to
minimize unknowns and see how the device worked in various extreme environments ,
nasa officials said in a statement .
david deamer ( left ) and mark akeson ( right ) established the ucsc nanopore research group in 1996 .
the basic idea behind nanopore sequencing has been floating around academia since the late 1980s . scientists including david deamer and mark akeson of the university of california , santa cruz , and george church of harvard , filed a series of patents related to nanopore sequencing as early as 1995 . oxford nanopore , which licenses these patents , was formed a decade later , as early prototypes in university labs began to show progress in turning the idea into a workable instrument .
24 . © copyright 2016 oxford nanopore technologies ⎪ 24 sepsis 1 / 3 patients in intensive care never leave hospital deaths per year in us > 200k ( more than prostate , breast cancer and aids combined ) . cost to us > $ 20 billion early diagnosis and evidence based treatment could è 92k fewer deaths ( us ) diagnosis window for septic shock : 6 hours minion being explored for early identification of infection ( uti / sepsis ) by uk group
brown joined oxford nanopore in june 2008 , having formerly worked at the uk ' s largest genomic laboratory , the wellcome trust sanger institute . he contributed to the development of more traditional dna sequencers , huge machines that cost a great deal to run , require special equipment and are centrally located in labs . nanopore sequencing , bypasses many of those problems .
this is a wondrous technical achievement by oxford nanopore and nasa . i am proud of ucsc ' s key role in helping build the foundation that made it possible ,
said mark akeson , professor of biomolecular engineering at uc santa cruz .
compare : illumina has 7 , 500 sequencers installed . oxford has placed 3 , 000 minion ( # in use currently not given ) urltoken
clive brown , the company ' s chief technology officer , presented the updates last night at the firm ' s user meeting in london . while his talk was not public , oxford nanopore disseminated much of the information through a series of twitter messages .
in addition to studying metagenomics , the tgac map team are also interested in understanding new technologies such as the minion and providing the scientific community with tools to help them get the most out of these technologies . the research group will continue to be part of the map and will be developing this work further by looking at other research areas for the minion , with a view to paper publication , tools releases , collaborations and grant applications .
two weeks ago i mentioned on twitter that i pushed a large series of changes to support r9 oxford nanopore data in nanopolish . i promised a blog post describing the changes then went off on my summer vacation - here it is , a little late .
in february 2012 at the agbt conference , oxford nanopore presented a variety of nanopore dna ' strand sequencing ' and protein - analysis data , and an overview of the hardware and software behind the gridion and minion systems . these data included small genomes that had been sequenced using the company ' s technology over the sense and antisense strands , showing tens of kilobases in single reads . this was the first nanopore sequence data to be shown worldwide since the technique was first theoretically proposed in 1996 .
the recently introduced oxford nanopore minion platform generates dna sequence data in real - time . this opens immense potential to shorten the sample - to - results time and is likely to lead to enormous benefits in rapid diagnosis of bacterial infection and identification of drug resistance .
“this reminds me of the early days of illumina , when all we could get were 36 - base - pair reads , and we were all very excited about that , ” says erlich . “i think we should give [ oxford nanopore ] more time . ”
nanopore reader : r9 to r9 . 4 . 1200 r9 mutants have been screened ; this is faster and more accurate
hi fabricio , the minion is made by oxford nanopore – urltoken in this study , researchers in several labs around the world tested out the performance of the device . embl - ebi coordinated the study , but we do not distribute the device . kind regards , mary
oxford nanopore provides signal processing and base - calling tools , but file formats are documented and participants can write their own data analysis tools or modify the scripts provided in the github repository . sources for any software are provided on an ‘as - is’ and ‘without warranties’ basis
the top 10 competitors in oxford nanopore ' s competitive set are pacbio , nabsys , genia , illumina , quantumdx , discoverx , diagenode , editas medicine , integenx and applied biosystems . together they have raised over 1 . 0b between their estimated 7 . 2k employees .
more recently , in 2013 illumina licensed patents from jens gundlach of the university of washington and michael niederweis of the university of alabama , birmingham , to pursue an in - house nanopore program . it is these patents that are now the object of illumina’s lawsuit against oxford .
bywaters kf , mckay cp , davila af , quinn rc . in situ life and biosignature detection at mars analog sites using the oxford nanopore minion sequencer . biosignature preservation and detection in mars analog environments conference . may 16–18 , 2016 ; no . 1912 , id 2014 .
in july 2009 , the company relocated to the oxford science park . our premises at edmund cartwright house were inaugurated by the uk science and innovation minister , lord drayson . in 2011 , an additional 7 , 000 square feet on the oxford science park was opened and a new cambridge office was also opened .
the convergence of automation technologies , intelligent algorithms and cloud computing is progressively making genomics available to less skilled actors . while this does not necessarily ensure democratization , it does enable us to imagine it . and so , what if it actually happens ?
array of microscaffolds each microscaffold supports a membrane and embedded nanopore . the array keeps the multiple nanopores stable during shipping and usage .
dr andrew kilianski presents a talk for the minion community on real - time genomic characterization of viral threat agents using nanopore sequencing .
the suit came as distressing news to some researchers , who feared they might lose access to the firm’s nanopore products , or that the battle would stifle the development of new platforms . “i would love it if illumina had released a platform . instead what they’re doing is releasing a lawsuit , ” says winston timp , a biomedical engineer at johns hopkins university in baltimore , maryland , whose lab has also licensed patents to oxford nanopore .
oxford nanopore has developed voltrax – a small device designed to perform library preparation automatically , so that a user can get a biological sample ready for analysis , hands - free . voltrax is designed as an alternative to a range of lab equipment , to allow consistent and varied , automated library prep options .
if the ambition is to promote more distributed use of genomic sequencing , users also need a ready - made platform for interpreting genetic data . oxford nanopore has designed an intelligent cloud lab , metrichor , to be used for genomics data storage in conjunction with smartphone apps that interpret the meaning of dna sequences .
nanopore devices perform dna / rna sequencing directly and in real time . the technology is scalable from miniature devices to high - throughput installations .
people will develop and commercialise their own assays on the nanopore platform , for their own applications , rather like programming a new iphone app .
other researchers will soon have a chance to form their own opinions about the device , as oxford nanopore today launched its early - access programme . researchers who pay a us $ 1 , 000 deposit , plus $ 250 for shipping costs , can receive their own minions to begin testing the machines in their labs .
even if oxford does have mspa - based nanopores inside the minion and promethion , illumina’s lawsuit is far from a slam dunk . oxford holds or licenses a wide array of intellectual property―some from its co - founder bayley , but also from deamer , akeson , church , and many others . these patents cover the foundational concept of nanopore sequencing ; the engineering of protein nanopores ; and other aspects of the technology not at stake here , like the enzymes that help guide dna through the system .
antonio regalado on twitter :
compare : illumina has 7 , 500 sequencers installed . oxford has placed 3 , 000 minion ( # in use currently not given ) …
in nanopore sensing , just as water flows through a drain , an ionic current flows through a nanopore . when molecules pass through the hole the current is disrupted in characteristic ways , similar to the way the water flow would change if you placed objects in the drain credits : urltoken
nanopore sequencing is an ideal example of how academic scientists can collaborate with businesses to develop new instruments with unprecedented capabilities ,
deamer said .
clive brown , who led the development of the minion at oxford , suggested that it will make possible an internet of living things . that sounds right to me .
average read length almost 7kb . 330mb events and 46k reads in 3 . 5 hours and still going well . excellent work @ nanopore ! !
yes expected , main reason is error in nanopore data , other is this is a clinical isolate and we don ' t have a reference .
these “nanopore” techniques , originally proposed by hagan bayley , a professor of chemistry at oxford , in 1992 , are simple , at least in principle . they do not need fluorescent labels and will probably not require amplification , either . they can “read” dna directly and rapidly , and are cheap enough to replicate in vast numbers .
thanks to matei david , jonathan dursi , nick loman , josh quick and phil zuzarte for helping develop the r9 support and generating data . the scientists at oxford nanopore helped us better understand r9 data and the discussions we had with them were key to implementing the improved hmm - thanks in particular to clive and chris wright .
a review of the nanopore technology platform , which is designed to enable the analysis of any living thing , by any person , in any environment .
the minion , a handheld dna - sequencing device developed by oxford nanopore , has been tested and evaluated by an independent , international consortium coordinated by embl - ebi . the innovative device opens up new possibilities for using sequencing technology in the field , for example in tracking disease outbreaks , testing packaged food or the trafficking of protected species .
metrichor ltd offers end to end analysis solutions , using real - time , miniaturisable and scalable dna / rna sequencing technology from oxford nanopore . designed for real time surveillance of complex systems such as food supply chains , environments or outbreaks , to single locations such as industrial or medical diagnostics , metrichor can design bespoke solutions for rapid insights .
in may 2015 , the first nanopore sensing conference was convened ( london calling ) where users of minion technology gathered to hear from 20 speakers and additional abstracts from numerous other map participants across a range of applications . minion became commercially available at this time and the minion access programme became the nanopore community .
the dna sample ( metagenomics gdna from lake hillier xmp project ) was sheared to 10 kb size using a covaris g - tube ( figure 2d , supplementary figure 4 ) . dna was then prepared using the oxford nanopore r9 protocol ( version nsk - 007 ) , including ffpe repair , end repair and da - tailing , adapter ligation and tethering , and streptavidin recovery . the prepared library was run on an r9 minion flowcell using minknow version 0 . 51 . 1 . 66 with the “nc _ 48hr _ sequencing _ run _ flo _ min104 . py” protocol . the raw data were called with metrichor using “2d basecalling rnn for sqk - nsk007” version 1 . 99 ( oxford science park , oxford , uk ) .
minion™ is a memory stick - sized , nanopore - based sequencer primarily designed for single - molecule sequencing of long dna fragments ( > 6 kb ) .
a webcast presentation today for customers of the company will likely put many of those fears to rest . oxford nanopore’s chief technology officer clive brown announced an upgrade to its devices—a new pore the company has been describing in presentations as r9 . brown revealed that r9 is csgg , a membrane protein derived from escherichia coli , but present in many bacterial species .
and it’s not all about dna . bayley says oxford nanopore was founded as a company interested in developing single molecule sensing technology for metabolites , sugars and other compounds of biochemical interest .
we saw it as a platform technology . but quite soon it became obvious that its application in third - generation dna sequencing was an area with enormous potential .
whether illumina is narrowing in on its own nanopore sequencer is a mystery . the company did receive a 2014 grant from the national human genome research institute related to a nanopore project ; this seems to be the most recent public evidence that the program is active . it is suggestive that illumina has recently been touting a
“nanopore sequencing will open the door for the development of novel tools and applications to analyse the influx of new data , ” says rebecca lawrence , managing director of f1000research . “the nanopore analysis channel on f1000research will be a central , open platform on which scientists can publish and discuss new applications and analyse workflows for nanopore sequencing data . people can access and contribute data easily , so that the wider life - science community can realise the full potential of this new technology quickly . ”
we provide the latest information on how to use the products via the nanopore community website , which also serves as a forum for minion users to share information .
eleonore pauwels is a writer and international science policy expert , who specializes in the governance of converging technologies , including artificial intelligence , genomics , digital bio - engineering , participatory health design , and citizen science . at the wilson center , she is the director of the ai lab within the science and technology innovation program .
in may 2016 , the minion mk 1b was introduced . preparing for future iterations of nanopore chemistry it included improvements such as greater temperature control of the flow cell .
minion was launched into the minion access programme in spring 2014 and made commercially available in may 2015 . the nanopore community has grown around the two phases of minion availability .
a strand of dna is passed through a nanopore . the current is changed as the bases g , a , t and c pass through the pore in different combinations .
in the case of oxford nanopore ' s technology , the dna molecule is fed through the hole one base at a time by a second protein , an enzyme called an exonuclease . this can clearly distinguish the four dna letters , a , c , g and t . it may also be able to detect whether a letter is methylated , though this has not yet been independently verified .
jaqueline goes de jesus of the oswaldo cruz foundation and nuno faria of the university of oxford use the minion sequencer in joão pessoa , brazil , as part of a mobile study on the origins of the zika virus .
the desk in gordon sanghera ' s office at oxford nanopore proudly displays a piece of knobbly plastic . it has a hole running through it and looks rather like a cruller doughnut , though with grey icing . in fact , it is a model of a protein molecule called alpha - hemolysin . dr sanghera , the firm ' s boss , believes this molecule will revolutionise the sequencing of dna .
nanopolish for @ nanopore r9 data has been released . consensus accuracy is up to 99 . 9 % ( deep e . coli data ) . details in a upcoming blog post
nanopore dna strand sequencing has emerged as a competitive , portable technology . reads exceeding 150 kilobases have been achieved , as have in - field detection and analysis of clinical pathogens .
but isaac ro , an analyst at us investment bank goldman sachs — which advised illumina in 2012 when it fought off a takeover bid by the swiss drug giant roche — called jaffe ' s presentation “underwhelming” . “oxford nanopore still appears to be in development mode and , in our view , is unlikely to threaten [ illumina’s ] competitive position at this time , ” ro said in a research note .
in december 2016 , the second nanopore community meeting was held . during this meeting , three groups presented or released t he first human genomes to be sequenced on the handheld minion .
. . . and now for something completely different . new tools for diet analyses : nanopore sequencing of metagenomic dna from stomach contents to quantify diet in an invasive population of rats with
the fundamental research and patents underlying the technology of nanopore sequencing were carried out here at ucsc ,
said david deamer , research professor of biomolecular engineering at uc santa cruz .
i have received an honorarium to speak at an oxford nanopore meeting , and travel and accommodation to attend london calling 2015 and 2016 . i have ongoing research collaborations with ont although i am not financially compensated for this and hold no stocks , shares or options . ont have supplied free - of - charge reagents as part of the minion access programme and also generously supported our infectious disease surveillance projects with reagents .
we are sending up samples that we are preparing on the ground , and the crew will thaw the samples and load them for sequencing . the samples will contain lambda bacteriophage , which is oxford nanopore technology ' s characterization standard for sequencer performance . the samples will also contain e . coli and mouse genomic dna to demonstrate that you could sequence dna from any organism . the samples will not contain human dna .
in february 2017 , the gridion x5 was announced ; a desktop system integrating five minion flow cells with integrated compute function , that can be used to offer nanopore sequencing as a service .
a protein nanopore is set in an electrically resistant polymer membrane . an ionic current is passed through the nanopore by setting a voltage across this membrane . if an analyte passes through the pore or near its aperture , this event creates a characteristic disruption in current ( as shown in the diagram below ) . measurement of that current makes it possible to identify the molecule in question .
nanopore sequencing introduces true real - time sequencing for the first time . full exploitation of real - time sequencing requires a novel approach to data analysis for which we have developed the minotour platform .
the average length of the sequences generated on the minion is 5 . 4 kilobases , with some as long as 10 kilobases . that is longer than the average read out delivered by the current dominant sequencing technology , sold by illumina of san diego , california , which delivers fragments of dna that are hundreds of base pairs long . but the median length of the minion’s reads is shorter than the target that oxford nanopore announced in 2012 .
all those activities might one day be run instead using nanopore sequencing — or at least oxford hopes so . right now , the minion is a good way to identify and study bacteria and viruses . but last year , the first human genomes were sequenced on a minion as well . ( it’s still a cumbersome process and not as inexpensive , however — taking close to $ 20 , 000 worth of disposable cartridges at $ 500 each . )
30hrs , ~ 14gb and 450 in strand with 1263 active pores still . loving these new revd flowcells . home it came today so i can nurture it along over the weekend . @ nanopore urltoken
the minion is not yet for sale . but david jaffe , a computational biologist at the broad institute in cambridge , massachusetts , used data produced by the device and provided by oxford nanopore to aid in the assembly of two bacterial genomes — those of escherichia coli and a bacterium from the genus scardovia that is found in the human mouth . he presented his results today at the advances in genome biology and technology meeting in marco island , florida .
illumina is improving human health by unlocking the power of the genome . our focus on innovation has established us as the global leader in dna sequencing and array - based technologies , serving customers in the research , clinical and applied markets . our products are used for applications in the life sciences , oncology , reproductive health , agriculture and other emerging segments . to learn more , visit urltoken and follow @ illumina .
last month , josh quick , a bioinformatician and phd student working in my group at the institute of microbiology and infection , travelled to the epicentre of the outbreak in guinea . he took with him a portable genomic surveillance system carried in his hold luggage . the system contained several minions : portable “usb stick” sequencers , developed by the british company oxford nanopore , as well as all the chemicals and pipettes and plastic tubes that are needed to generate sequences of the ebola virus .
even closer to home , genome sequencing is becoming mainstream with the 100 , 000 genomes project . and armed with new technologies , it may soon be possible for individuals to sequence their own genomes and for infectious pathogens to be sequenced at home or in a gp surgery . when it comes to ebola , we hope the ability to provide portable , real - time sequencing will improve our ability to respond in future .
so that we can open up the use of nanopore analysis by any person and in any environment , we are developing a low cost consumable device for combined sample and library preparation . project zumbador is progressing well .
in my talk , i will discuss my collaboration with nick loman’s lab to develop de novo assembly methods for minion data . we have built a pipeline to error correct nanopore reads using partial order gr . . .
jared simpson on twitter :
nanopolish for @ nanopore r9 data has been released . consensus accuracy is up to 99 . 9 % ( deep e . coli data ) . details in a upcoming blog post
but he sounded optimistic about the minion ' s future . oxford nanopore has said that higher - quality dna or different preparation methods should increase the average read length . jaffe says that the company can work to eliminate errors , perhaps by using a variety of pores with different properties . but even now , he says , most long minion reads had lengthy stretches without any mistakes . the systematic errors are “a temporary feature that we hope they ' ll figure out how to solve” .