alasea is a genus of moths in the choreutidae family , containing only one species , alasea corniculata , which is known from costa rica .

the length of the forewings is 4.5 – 5.2 mm for males and 5.2 – 5.7 mm for females .

alasea

alasea is an professional mermaid , model , actress , artist , vocalist and cosplayer .
alasea is located in seattle , washington . this organization primarily operates in the museums and art galleries business / industry within the museums , art galleries and botanical and zoological gardens sector . this organization has been operating for approximately 4 years . alasea is estimated to generate $ 47 , 581 in annual revenues , and employs approximately 1 people at this single location .
hi ! i am alasea , i am a professional mermaid with blue mermaid designs . i also do arts & crafts , singing , modeling , acting , and voice over work .
alasea corniculata was described by rota in 2008 ( see reference to original description below ) from specimens collected in costa rica . the holotype is held by inbio . this is a small moth with forewing length of about 5 mm . it has dark forewings with iridescent specks of scales and a yellow - orange hindwing .
the kingdom of vetulia quickly emerged from the 7th century b . c . as the undisputed military power in a ' vassortivēa . eventually growing immensely wealthy from sea and overland trade with the hevlātian tribes beyond the kutzgrōd mountains , the vetulians began to set their sights on securing control of their borderlands . targeting what would become the modern province of varia and the italorian peninsula , in 574 b . c . a succession of expansionist vetulian kings made use of military alliances with the hevlātian tribes to crush a series of barbarian confederations occupying the eastern lowlands along the kutzgrōd . with the fall of the last bel ' akian confederation stronghold , alasea , in 536 b . c . , vetulian expansion began to secure the benefit of agricultural independence to the growing empire ( immeasurably furthered by the 510 b . c . conquest of the fertile western plains of modern athenia ) .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
the website you are about to visit is progenealogists ® , operated by tgn services , llc , a subsidiary of ancestry .
to get better results , add more information such as last name , birth info , death info or location —even a guess will help . edit your search or learn more .
i somehow ended up with a copy of an ebook and can ' t find my original book ( i ' m almost 80 % sure it ' s still in storage with a few hundred other books ) , so i ' m rereading the series . i have no map though . no problem right ? i ' ll just go to the author ' s site and find the map there . urltoken the map is so degraded it ' s pretty much unreadable . does anyone know of another copy of the map so i don ' t have to brave my storage unit to try and find the books ? thanks !
hi lori . i found my copy of wit ' ch star if you add me to you permissions list for private message , i ' ll shoot you a scan of the map .
you sir , are a truly good person . thank you so much for this !
let me just see if i can dig up my paperback . i ' ve no idea where they get up and walk off to my books !
flagging a post will send it to the goodreads customer care team for review . we take abuse seriously in our discussion boards . only flag comments that clearly need our attention . as a general rule we do not censor any content on the site . the only content we will consider removing is spam , slanderous attacks on other members , or extremely offensive content ( eg . pornography , pro - nazi , child abuse , etc ) . we will not remove any content for bad language alone , or being critical of a particular book .
welcome back . just a moment while we sign you in to your goodreads account .
11 , 877 white 3 , 792 hispanic 4 , 800 black 4 , 036 asian 659 native american 1 , 007 hawaiian 2 , 326 other 51 . 4 % white 16 . 4 % hispanic 20 . 8 % black 17 . 5 % asian 2 . 9 % native american 4 . 4 % hawaiian 10 . 1 % other
this location is in king county and the seattle - tacoma - bellevue , wa metropolitan area .
this information is available to paying subscribers . click to learn about our subscription plans .
i authorize buzzfile to release my contact and other pertinent information to the necessary parties should this removal be contested .
you are only permitted to claim ownership and remove one company profile . you have previously claimed ownership and removed the profile for :
this user will no longer be able to comment on your page and send you messages .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more
because it is pending further input from participants , or it is a work - in - progress by one author .
note : to contribute to this article , you may need to seek help from the author ( s ) of this page .
the holy pontifical union of astavia ( latin : sancta pontificia ūnio astaviae - astavian high latin : svēti papinsko sávek astáviz ) ( commonly reffered to as astavia , the pontifical union , astavian union , and the h . p . u . ) is a unitary theocratic republic comprised of its main territorial holdings on the efian continent , in addition to various overseas possessions . primarily situated on efia proper , the pontifical union also wields administrative control of the papal states of akkasti and livonia in southern ardas and northern euraso respectively , as well as a military outpost administered by a papal prelaturate on the st . arak islands . bordered to the north by the arctic ocean , and in the east and west by the sassani and halcyon oceans respectively , astavia shares only two land borders with the mid - efian states of auraliae and petruvia . comprised of a land area of 9 , 257 , 161 km2 ( 3 , 574 , 209 sq mi ) , astavia is the largest nation on the efian continent , and in undria by landmass . with 112 . 3 million inhabitants , astavia is also undria’s most populous nation , and is the only country that shares a geographic border with both the arctic and sassani oceans .
astavia is home to one of the world’s oldest civilizations . first settled by nomadic tribes 9 , 000 years before the founding of the ancient city of vetulia , the plains of northern efia eventually became home to numerous diverse polities by the end of the 9th century bc . with the settled population primarily centralized in the lowlands , various powerful kingdoms emerged in the 7th and 8th centuries bc - particularly the kingdom of vetulia , which dominated overland trade routes throughout varangia , as well as river trade along the vestria river . eventually conquering most of the southern polities and securing a political union with the powerful tribal kingdom of hevlatia in 428 bc , the varāngik dominion soon extended its control over the northern mountains through a series of military campaigns , forming one of the largest ancient empires in undria ' s history .
long considered a nation of great geostrategic importance because of its domination over the mineral rich mountain ranges of northern efia , as well as its prominent position on veltari strait and the bay of tytherion , astavia ranks as one of the largest regional trading powers on efia , and has consistently been a leading economic force in undria since industrializing in the 19th century . the country boasts significant reserves of both rare earth minerals and natural gas , as well as a burgeoning industrialized sector focused intensely on arms manufacturing and research . it is also a major diplomatic player , wielding considerable influence over international security issues and energy policy in undria . vaticaina , the country’s capital and 4th largest city , is a leading center of economic and cultural exchange in undria . the seat of the holy see , as well as astavia’s primary governing institutions , vaticania also boasts one of the lowest overall urban crime rates in the world , despite dealing with a rising population living beneath the national poverty line .
the country is a founding member of the undrian regional council , formed in 1943 following the conclusion of the krumaarian succession crisis , and is a leading signatory of the avignon mutual assistance pact . astavia’s longstanding cultural legacy has been further reinforced by the designation of twelve global heritage sites by the urc within its borders . its unique political system , based on the 1884 constitution that introduced significant administrative restructurings of the previous papal state , blends elements of a parliamentary republic with a church - centered theocracy dominated by the country ' s clergy , wherein the supreme pontiff , the head of the ancient catholic church , wields ultimate influence over government activity . varāngiks , the ethnic descendents of the ancient varāngik dominion , constitute a vast majority of the nation’s ethnic makeup , although a small multitude of ethnic and linguistic groups also exist . most astavians identify themselves as practicing catholics in communion with the national church , and high latin ( a northern - efian based blending of varāngik latin and hevlatian ) is the official national language .
( reffering to the fertile plains north of the vassar river in modern aegia ) . the vassaskri were one of several migrant tribes who traveled beyond the vassar and settled along the vestria river . the term ' s association with the region of vassaskri settlement eventually gained it the alternative meaning of
( hence it ' s feminine form ) . the vassaskri were one of several tribes that eventually coalesced into the vetulian kingdom over the 7th century bc , and their development of a written language helped form the basis of a common tongue used by the vetulian royal court . by the 5th century bc , the earliest form of vassaskri - based proto - latin language was widely present in the expanding kingdom , and had become adopted as the chief administrative language for state recordkeeping . the term
gaston d ' ildaro ' s 15th century painting of the assandrian prince , paranus superbus ( center ) , presiding over a rik ' kai council following the collapse of the duonomi bloodline .
in 624 b . c . , the last vassaskrian king , galerion possoli died - leaving behind no direct heir to assume the throne . possoli ' s 12 year old nephew , klio seemed the next reasonable successor , but was quickly challenged by his older sister , alemia . married to the assandrian royal heir , julianos superbus , alemia ' s claim was strengthened not only by the loyalty of her father ' s troops , but also the threat of an assandrian intervention . seizing power in a relatively bloodless palace coup , alemia ascended to the vassaskrian throne the same year - swiftly conducting an alteration of the kingdom ' s laws on primogeniture succession to exclude consideration of gender . by the beginning of the 6th century b . c . , both the vassaskri and assandri lived under the rule of a unified royal dynasty , based in the old assandrian capital of vetulia .
the duonomi , charged originally with protecting the frontier along the vassar river , encountered disaster in 614 b . c . when the steppe army of ok ' loka the cruel smashed their defenses at solsid . crossing the river , ok ' loka ' s army rapidly advanced to the duonomi capital of foggia , laying waste to the countryside and routing local militias organized to halt their advance . eventually capturing foggia following a short siege , ok ' loka ' s army subjected the city to a horrific sacking and brutally massacred most of the duonomi royal family . an assandrian army under the command of crown prince paranus superbus gathered strength and moved south to prevent the loss of any more duonomi lands to the steppe invasion - soundly defeating ok ' loka ' s main force at the battle of zaria in 612 b . c . the assandrians quickly crushed the rapidly dissipating steppe raiders , and regained control of the vassar river plains . exploiting the substantially weakened position of the duonomi family , the assandrians assumed military control of the region - subjecting the duonomi to the status of a protectorate state .
in 428 b . c . the vetulian king , dominian akrasti , married helena superba , daughter of hevlātian king othorogorus . with othorogorus’ death in 406 b . c . , dominian ascended to the hevlātian throne . the unification of the hevlātian and vetulian kingdoms under the control of dominion in 406 b . c . is considered the end of the monarchal period , and the beginning of the varāngik dominion by most modern historians ( although the degree of cultural assimilation between the two kingdoms leaves some room for debate as to the exact year both states considered themselves one and the same empire ) .
over the next century , the sons of primarch dominian carried on their father’s wars of imperial expansion . in addition to presiding over transkyrior khūzian for 10 years before ascending to the primarch ' s throne , general tarquinias akrasti issued numerous reforms for the dominion’s army . standing armies of professional soldiers were established , military standards for training and equipment were made universal , lines of communication improved , the chain of command was streamlined , and strict codes of conduct were introduced . professional troops quickly became the backbone of the dominion’s military power on the continent . during primarch tarquinias’ rule , the dominion expanded across the sūtgorod mountains towards the northern coastline of the continent . the primarch ' s brother antonais colonized the island of edia in 389 b . c . , and antonias ' son justinarius consolidated the dominion’s control over the far western provinces by pacifying the native dulcedi and botissi tribes . by 320 b . c . most of the northern half of the efian continent had been brought under the control of the dominion .
in 317 b . c . however , king acenatrix of the gutulian confederation ( at the time , a powerful tribal alliance based in what is modern - day etruscia province ) rallied his people to arms after proconsul julius maxentius ( who had been who had been appointed governor or hevlātia ) ordered the destruction of the gutullian border city , averni , in response to repeated gutullian raids on dominion trading caravans .
the gutulian onslaught into dominion territory was unexpected , successfully beating back the inexperienced garrison forces occupying the border cities of northern hevlātia . in 316 b . c . general rutullius maximus was given command of four
( armies ) and traveled north to deal with the barbarian threat . when the dominion reinforcements arrived , the gutullian forces soon found they could not defeat organized armies in open combat - experiencing a decisive defeat at the battle of nos essa . for the next 6 years , the gutullian confederation bled rutullius’ stratiae in small skirmishes in the freezing highlands of the continant’s northern coast . in 309 b . c . , rutullius’ prized , yet severely weakened iii stratia was crushed by a massed gutullian attack at the battle of gliara pass . general rutullius , struck down by an arrow himself during the battle , was relieved of his command .
general tiberius romulus akrasti , the grandson of primarch justinarius akrasti , was then given command of the disheartened dominion force . bolstering the other three stratiae with the survivors of the iii stratia , tiberius set out to starve the gutullians into submission . the arid highlands that the gutullians called home had little land suitable for farming . while the dominion’s navy ( which held uncontested control of the seas ) denied oversea trade to the gutullians , tiberius’ stratiae laid waste to every farm and city they came upon . within two years , tiberius’ armies had pushed the gutullians back to their capital brundisium . starved of food , suffering from disease , and broken in spirit , the people of the city rebelled against king acenatrix , and surrendered the city to the dominion . with the fall of brundisium and the capture of the gutullian leadership , the confederation quickly collapsed . over the next three and a half centuries the emperors of the varāngik dominion held unconditional control over the northern half of the efian continent .
the year 0 a . d . marks the moment the first catholic missionaries set foot on the dominion’s soil . sent by the ailing church in other countries , the missionaries spread far and wide throughout the dominion . the appeal of universal salvation that the missionaries preached took hold over the dominion’s masses ( most of whom had little in the way of “paradise” awaiting them in the next life under the teachings of the polytheistic state religion ) . priests in the cities of the dominion were elevated to bishops , and gained public favor in numerous provinces . as the christian population grew , a church hierarchy began to develop within the dominion . in 12 a . d . , pope gregory i , recognizing the potential for the creation of a christian empire , moved his papal court to the dominion city of avignon .
with the permission of the dominion ' s government , pope gregory began preaching in avignon , and from there coordinated the larger missionary effort . for the most part , the state religion of the dominion had been a polytheistic blend of local religious beliefs and the old vetulian gods - reflecting the empire ' s tendency to incorporate various faiths into the rational of the state religion rather than force conversion . thus the dominion government ' s initial attitudes towards the growing christian population were , more often than not , benevolent .
the city of virakia ' s statue of primarch severus is a popular pilgrimage site and national monument .
primarch austark ii , hoping to cull the growing power of the church and return the dominion to its adherence to the pagan vetulian pantheon , began a persecution of the christians and other religious groups in 60 a . d . - claiming they had tried to set fire to parts of the capital vetulia to destabilize the dominion’s government in the aftermath of the temurid crisis . outrage ensued throughout much of the newly christianized portions of the empire . chaos reigned in several provinces as provincial governors either chose to send troops to put down rebellions staged by their countrymen , or keep their severely depleted forces in the safety of their barracks .
severus ' bond with liara however would be tragically severed through a series of events that eventually culminated in the severan rebellion . in what they had hoped would be a move to protect their family , severus and liara ' s eldest daughter amyra was wed to the primarch ' s nephew , tyrannius austark - at the time , a senator and former military tribune residing in vetulia . as civil strife began to mount in resistance to austark ' s religious pogroms , the primarch began to use close family members of provincial governors trapped in the capital as leverage to ensure their loyalty . when severus ' wife liara and her entourage were refused free movement out of the city after visiting her daughter in the spring of 63 a . d . , severus unsuccessfully pleaded with the primarch to let her return to athenia .
depicts severus ( shown left in gold ) decimating the pagan forces of primarch austark ii .
an 11th century depiction of the
donation of severus ,
which adorns the walls of the sinistrian chapel within the apostolic palace .
upon his deathbed in 76 a . d . , primarch severus , ordered in a letter bearing the seal of the imperial household that custodianship for the dominion be turned over to the church - angering the remnants of the imperial nobility , and signaling the end of the dominion ' s line of primarchs from the aristocratic class . following the deaths of his wife and daughter in the severan rebellion , a grieving severus vowed never to marry again , and committed himself to faithful chastity in memory and honor of the woman he loved totally . much to the distaste of the imperial nobility , not only did severus fail to produce offspring to succeed him , he also openly abandoned his faith in the imperial pantheon - receiving the sacrament of baptism into the church in a ceremony conducted by pope gregory ii in 74 a . d .
long before his death , severus ' imperial administration came to rely heavily on educated clerics , produced by an ever expanding system of church schools - progressively forcing the empire ' s secular nobility to the margins of power . laws were passed elevating catholicism to the imperial faith , though severus himself never outlawed the ancient pagan pantheon . by the year of severus ' death , historians estimate roughly seven out of ten offices in the dominion ' s civil administration were held by ordained members of the catholic clergy , while 8 stratiae out of a standing force of 13 were led by specially appointed cardinal - tribunes .
declining immigration rates prompted the government to enact several reforms in 2008 to simplify access to astavian citizenship . following the 2008
immigration reform act ,
catholics abroad seeking to obtain astavian citizenship may claim a temporary citizenship status , and upon completion of a three year period of law - abiding residence , can be granted full citizenship . an amendment to the act , attached by the astavunitis wing in the npc , stipulated however that this offer of full citizenship was contingent on whether the immigrant renounces allegiance to all other foreign powers , and forfeits all other citizenships .
the astavian government , formed by 1884 constitution , is officially a unitary theocratic republic - composed of an intricate collection of governing bodies , divided conventionally into institutions that exercise executive , legislative , and judicial powers . separated into civilian and ecclesiastically - administered sectors , ultimate
custodianship
of the nation rests in the person of the supreme pontiff , who is empowered to oversee the country ' s national interests , while the day - to - day management of the country ' s legislative work and civil administration are entrusted to an elected legislature and various civilian institutions . though governing power has historically been highly centralized in some form of national government for much of astavia ' s history , since 1940 various powers have been granted gradually to provincial councils to govern on local matters , while county and municipal councils have been extensively involved in local governance and the maintenance of public order since the early 1880s .
under the charter promulgated during the 1884 great constitutional reform , the pope is the pontifical union ' s ex officio head of state and commander - in - chief of the armed forces . in addition to his primary role as bishop of the diocese of vaticaina , the supreme pontiff serves as the primate of varangia ( an honorary title reserved for the pope ) , and the head of the holy see ( and thus , the astavian catholic church ) . as a general term , the holy see represents not only the temporal power of the pope , but also his spiritual and pastoral authority over ecclesiastical and civil matters . the supreme pontiff serves a life term following his election by the college of cardinals during conclave , and may not be removed from office after his ascension to the papacy ( though voluntary resignation is legally permitted ) . the pontiff wields broad administrative powers , including the right to issue papal bulls that carry the full force and effect of national law ( when so stipulated ) , and the power to declare war and offer peace . despite this official concentration of authority , astavian pontiffs have largely delegated most powers to legislative procedure and civilian oversight . pope
, born gregory o ' hare , was elected on the 19th of may , 2014 . prior to his election , cardinal o ' hare served as the
, and has since become a polarizing figure in undria . pope julius ' vigorous focus on serving the poor and marginalized portions of astavian society was seen as the primary initial focal point of his pontificate until international events largely overshadowed most of his domestic work . the
kicked up an international firestorm in mid 2014 , which saw a major falling out between the pontifical union and its southern neighbor , the federal republic of auraliae . among more positive circles , pope julius is regarded as a champion of christian self - determination and a protector of catholic communities around the region . less enamored observers have frequently characterized his military exploits in belmia as that of a
hapless warmonger ,
driven by a misguided
crusading mentality , and a dangerous sense of
catholic supremacism
.
consisting of 12 cardinals is charged with the review of all legislative proposals passed by the npc . the esc may only veto legislation by unanimous agreement , though it is empowered to attach
mandatory amendments
to proposed legislation . such amendments , carrying the support of two thirds of the cardinals on the committee , function as editorial prerequisites for a bill ' s enactment . the amended bill , if not challenged by the national people ' s congress over a period of ten days , becomes law . if the npc challenges the amended bill , it may move to the floor for debate again , followed by a
nullification
vote . a four - fifths vote may override an esc amended bill , rendering it
( a dead law ) . at any time , the npc and esc may appeal to the supreme pontiff to strike down or approve the law . the esc is also responsible for vetting and approving candidates for political office appointments , and national elections . citizens wishing to run as a candidate for one of the nationally recognized parties must be reviewed by the committee , and successfully petition the support of three cardinals ( and not opposed by more than four ) . committee members ( who serve septennial terms ) are exclusively appointed by the church , with six directly appointed by the supreme pontiff , and six elected from within the college of cardinals .
within the church itself , a vast bureaucracy works in coordination with civilian government branches to facilitate effective governance . the curia of vaticaina is comprised of ten congregations , thirteen councils , four secretariats , three tribunals , and one prefecture . among the most active of the major curial institutions are the congregation for the evangelization of the peoples , which oversees the catholic church ' s various missionary activities across undria ( and within the astavian nation itself ) , and the congregation of divine mercy , which functions as the nation ' s primary social aid provider . most astavian social welfare , job training , food stamp , and public assistance programs fall under the administration of the congregation of divine mercy ( typically working with funds provided by the apostolic camera ) , although standards of national healthcare fall under the jurisdiction of the national health council .
rests with the supreme pontiff , who selects a candidate from a list of four . two names are submitted by the chairman of the esc , and two more by the consul ( both the chairman and consul may concur on candidates , and stipulate such in the submitted list ) . in turn , the excelsus advocatus directly appoints the 7 justices of the supreme judicial council and the chief public prosecutor . courts in astavia are largely divided along secular and religious lines . for the most part , the secular courts of the nation bear the brunt of the civil cases and criminal prosecutions that make their way through astavia ' s judicial system on a yearly basis . at the local level , 112
administer justice for both criminal and civil cases . decisions made at the district level may be appealed to one of 17
, which have appellate jurisdiction over specific regions across the country . at the highest civil level , the 7 - judge panel of the
, exercises total authority to reconcile discrepancies ( constitutional or otherwise ) between decisions made by circuit courts .
three established tribunals exercise various forms of judicial power within astavia ' s catholic church . normal judicial appeals on sacramental matters ( such as marriage annulment ) , may work their way up through local church courts to the vetulian rota . some civil cases , if agreed upon by both parties , may also be taken to the vetulian rota provided both parties are practicing catholics in good standing with the church . the high signatura is the supreme appellate and administrative court of the astavian see , wielding jurisdiction over decisions made by the vetulian rota , as well as the administrative decisions of church prelates . additionally , it oversees and regulates the legal framework that innervates the curia ' s administration . the apostolic suprema council ( colloquially referred to as the cloistered council ) deals primarily with matters of conscience and morality . officially , the suprema is the judicial wing of the office of the holy inquisition , which generally falls under the broad categorization of a curial institution , though its administration and operation is largely kept separate from the curia itself .
astavian catholics may also elect ( so long as both the plaintiff and defendant assent ) to have civil cases brought before an ecclesiastical court , officially convened by a bishop , but typically administered by a designated local prelate . decisions by ecclesiastical courts may be appealed to one of 13 canon courts ( one for each province , and one for overseas territories ) , which are each overseen by three appointed canon judges . these courts fall under the supreme jurisdiction of the high signatura , the decisions of which ( since they are carried out on direct papal approval ) , cannot be appealed . while ecclesiastical courts are not empowered to hear criminal cases under normal circumstances , the apostolic suprema council of the ohi wields loose powers to conduct trials and carry out sentencing for certain categories of offenses , including crimes endangering national security , treason , and heresy . like the high signature , the suprema ' s decisions are final and cannot be appealed - rendering it ultimately answerable only to the supreme pontiff . the curate ' s court of review , a sub - court of the ohi , handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics and citizens closely associated with the church . the ohi ' s jurisdictional claim to legitimately investigate , detain , prosecute , and punish clerics and other church officials has been the subject of considerable criticism between catholic nations in undria , particularly in cases where the alleged offending party has been a foreign national who sought refuge in his or her home country .
paf su - 27s flying a patrol run near the astavian - auralian border during the belmian independence crisis .
. in a 2009 administrative audit , the military reported 377 , 000 personnel on active duty , as well as roughly 267 , 000 trained reservists in the home guard . the
, a separate regime security force answering directly to the pope , is estimated to number around 187 , 000 troops , divided amongst 13 infantry divisions , 3 armored divisions , various independent / specialized brigades , and several classified special operations units . the pontifical union also possesses a paramilitary volunteer militia , operating under the direction of the
, of whose 4 . 7 million civilian members , 158 , 000 are uniformed active duty personnel dispersed throughout the country . in wartime however , papal decree may place the order under the overall command of the apostolic guard .
the pontifical union also boasts a vast and fully indigenous arms industry , producing most of its own military equipment , and exporting considerable amounts of hardware to regional allies and organizations . the international arms overwatch committee of the undrian regional council estimated that small arms produced by the pontifical union accounted for at least 31 . 7 % of all traded firearms in 2013 . the same 2013 report concluded that other astavian military hardware accounted for roughly 29 . 2 % of the undrian arms economy .
this page was last modified on 20 january 2018 , at 15 : 51 .
for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .
. . . we tested the best partition model based on protocols intro - duced by rota & wahlberg ( 2012 ) , using bayes factor ( kass & raftery , 1995 ; fan et al . , 2011 ; xie et al . , 2011 ) , partitioning the data first by gene ( the traditional approach , summing up to nine partitions ) and then using tiger ( cummins & mcinerney , 2011 ) . for this , we used tiger v 1 . 02 ( cummins & mcinerney , 2011 ) to calculate the relative rates of evolution of each site in the combined dataset . . . .
. . . lanfear et al . , 2012 ) which has been shown to improve various aspects of phylogenetic inference ( e . g . see poux et al . , 2008 ; rota & wahlberg , 2012 ; leavitt et al . , 2013 ) . partitioned analyses were carried out using partitionfinder 2 . 0 . 0 ( pf ; lanfear et al . , 2012 ) with the raxml option to determine optimal partitioning schemes and best - fit models of substitution for both aa and nt data . . . .
. . . for ml analyses , we used the gtr model of substitution with gamma model of rate heterogeneity ( gtr + g ) and different partition schemes , either gene - based or based on rates of evolution calculated by the program tree independent generation of evolutionary rates ( tiger ) ( cummins & mcinerney , 2011 ) . in gene - based partitions each gene was considered as a separate partition , while in tiger - based partitions , the characters were binned together based on their rate of evolution regardless of gene origin ( used as a partitioning strategy in rota & wahlberg , 2012 ) . tiger partitions for the dataset were derived from the program tiger v1 . 02 that calculates relative rates of evolution of each site in an alignment ( cummins & mcinerney , 2011 ) . . . .
. . . these markers have repeatedly been proven useful in resolving evolutionary relationships of different families of lepidoptera ( e . g . sihvonen et al . 2011 , rota & wahlberg 2012 , rönkä et al . 2016 , õunap et al . 2016 , zenker et al . 2016 ) . pcr was performed in a total volume of 20 μl , with the reaction mixture containing 1x bd advantage 2 pcr buffer , 1u bd advantage 2 polymerase mix ( bd biosciences , san jose , usa ) , 0 . 2 mm dntp ( thermo scientific , pittsburgh , usa ) , 5 pmol of primers and 20 - 80 ng of purified genomic dna . . . .
. . . these markers have repeatedly been used in reconstructing phylogenies of different families of lepidoptera ( e . g . wahlberg & wheat , 2008 ; rota & wahlberg , 2012 ) , including geometridae ( e . g . yamamoto & sota , 2007 ; wahlberg et al . , 2010 ; sihvonen et al . , 2011 ) . . . .
. . . second , dividing nucleotide data into partitions according to their actual rate of evolution instead of some predefined criteria ( e . g . genes or codon positions ) has been shown to improve the results of phylogenetic analysis ( rota & wahlberg , 2012 ) . third , sampling taxa at least pairwise for evolutionarily distant lineages ( tribes in the current case ) helps to reduce the negative effects of ' long - branch attraction ' and thereby improve the result of the phylogenetic analysis ( swofford et al . , 1996 ; bergsten , 2005 ; hedtke et al . , 2006 ) . . . .
. . . in contrast , datasets on the order of tens of genes have been highly useful for resolving relationships at the intrafamilial level , as has been repeatedly shown for e . g . lepidopteran families ( wahlberg et al . 2009wahlberg et al . , 2014 kaila et al . 2011 ; kawahara et al . 2011 ; sihvonen et al . 2011 ; zahiri et al . 2011 zahiri et al . , 2012 zwick et al . 2011 ; regier et al . 2012a regier et al . , 2012b rota and wahlberg 2012 ; sohn et al . 2013 ) . thus , datasets generated with pcr - based methods have been and continue to be very insightful . . . .
. . . like ov , tiger has been applied to selectively delete putatively fast evolving characters from genomic datasets ( e . g . , morgan et al . , 2014 ; xi et al . , 2014 ; katz and grant , 2015 ) . but unlike ov , tiger has also been used to partition characters into rate categories for parametric analyses ( e . g . , rota and wahlberg , 2012 ; heikkilä et al . , 2014 ; nakov et al . , 2014 ) . typically character removal is performed by excluding one or more of the ten rate categories that tiger delimited , with different numbers of characters assigned to each category ( e . g . , greene et al . , 2014 ; morgan et al . , 2014 ) . . . .
. . . this group is an excellent study system for investigating this phenomenon because they have wingspans of about 10–15 mm and they are globally distributed ( table 1 ) . moreover , a robust eight - locus phylogeny of metalmark moths has already been published ( rota & wahlberg , 2012 ) . we significantly improved the existing data set that included 38 species from 13 genera representing mainly the neotropical , nearctic , oriental and palaearctic regions by adding another genus and over 60 species , many of which are from africa and australasia . . . .
. . . we have undersampled brenthia from the oriental region and possibly from the aftrotropics , and if the unsampled species from one or both of these regions form a sister group to the remaining brenthia in the phylogeny , a different area of origin and ranges for some of the other nodes would be estimated as the most likely ( sampling details in appendix s1 ) . sequences partly came from published studies ( rota , 2011 ; rota & wahlberg , 2012 ; rota & miller , 2013 ) and from the barcode of life data systems ( bold ) for the dna - barcode fragment , but were largely obtained de novo for this study . genbank accession numbers and sequence length for each fragment / species can be found in appendix s2 . . . .
. . . the phylogenetic hypothesis for the family is robust and is essentially the same as in rota ( 2011 ) , rota & wahlberg ( 2012 ) , and rota & miller ( 2013 ) ( see appendix s2 ) . out of the 103 nodes in the tree , 68 were strongly supported by both mrbayes and raxml analyses ; another nine nodes received moderate to strong support in both analyses ; 14 nodes had weak , moderate or strong support by at least one of the methods ; and only 12 nodes had no support in either of the analyses . . . .
. . . brandley et al . ( 2005 ) investigated the effect of nine alternative ad hoc partitioning strategies on model fit , topology and node support in bayesian framework and found variation in inferred tree topologies at weakly supported nodes . other studies have noted that partitioning scheme choice affects node support ( ward et al . 2010 ; rota and wahlberg 2012 ; powell et al . 2013 ) , tree topology ( strugnell et al . 2005 ; leavitt et al . 2013 ; tao et al . 2013 ) , and branch - lengths ( poux et al . 2008 ; ho and lanfear 2010 ) . occasionally the choice of partitioning scheme has little or no effect on tree characteristics at all ( cameron et al . 2012 ) . . . .
. . . although these studies demonstrate that partitioning can have important effects on phylogenetic inference , it is difficult to draw any general conclusions from them . the partitioning schemes compared within each study were selected on an ad hoc basis with very different approaches ; some studies compared a small set of very similar partitioning schemes ( e . g . , cameron et al . 2012 ) , and others compared extensive sets of very different partitioning schemes ( e . g . , rota and wahlberg 2012 ; leavitt et al . 2013 ) . furthermore , previous studies used a variety of different phylogenetic methods , software implementations , and tree inference methods . . . .
. . . using the program tiger ( cummins & mcinerney , 2011 ) , all of the sites in the alignment were sorted into 80 bins based on their relative evolutionary rate , with invariable sites being sorted into bin 1 , and the fastest - evolving sites into bin 80 . the bins were then combined into partitions as described by rota & wahlberg ( 2012 ) , resulting in eight partitions ( partition 1 contained the slowest - evolving sites and partition 8 the fastest - evolving sites ) . in some of the analyses , as described later , the fastest partitions were excluded . . . .
. . . the tree shown infig . 5 is the result of the analysis of the dataset ( full _ ex78 ) from which the fastest - evolving sites were excluded using the program tiger ( cummins & mcinerney , 2011 ) , partitioned using a previously described procedure ( rota & wahlberg , 2012 ) , and analyzed with mrbayes v . 3 . 2 ( ronquist et al . , 2012 ) . the topology is identical to that recently presented in regier et al . ( 2013 ) , except that in the latter , the eriocraniidae appear as sister group to all other glossata . . . .
. . . but the influence of increasing the number of partitions on phylogeny was minimal , since most relationships found with nine and 22 partitions were the same , except for the resolution within vespa ( figs . 4c and 5 ) . similar issues with convergence and mixing related to a priori partitioning were reported by rota and wahlberg ( 2012 ) in their phylogenetic study of metalmark moths . . . .
we aim to understand better the phylogenetic relationships of the geometridae in the neotropical region . we already have sequenced ca . 150 genera but we still seek certain taxa for our work . i work…
[ more ]
molecular phylogeny , systematics and the evolution of caterpillar - ant interactions in metalmark butterflies .
the parasitoid wasp family ichneumonidae has been considered as an exception to the latitudinal diversity gradient . however , based on long - term and large - scale primary data , we have shown that the …
[ more ]
note on taxonomic history , thoraco - abdominal articulation , and current placement of millieriidae ( in . . .
immature stages of metalmark moths from the genus brenthia clemens ( choreutidae ) : morphology and lif . . .
in this paper the immature stages of brenthia monolychna meyrick ( choreutidae : brenthiinae ) , as well as their ultrastructure , are described and figured . this is the first description of a new world brenthiine , in addition , notes on life history for four new world species of brenthia clemens are provided , including mention of their host plants and parasitoids . host plant utilization of the . . . [ show full abstract ]
data partitioning in bayesian analysis : molecular phylogenetics of metalmark moths ( lepidoptera : cho . . .
in this study a multilocus phylogenetic analysis of metalmark moths ( lepidoptera : choreutidae ) focused on resolving the higher - level phylogeny of this group is presented . through the analysis of this dataset , i explore different data - partitioning strategies in bayesian phylogenetic inference , and find that a partitioning strategy can have a large influence on the results of phylogenetic . . . [ show full abstract ]
phylogeny of the dagger moths ( lepidoptera : noctuidae : acronictinae : acronicta ) and the evolution of . . .
highly variable larvae in the genus acronicta prompted a . r . grote to proclaim
there would seem to be no genus which offers a more interesting field to the biologist for exploration
( grote , 1895 ) . along with related genera in the subfamily acronictinae , acronicta underwent a whirlwind of taxonomic revision in its infancy , rife with synonyms and rivalries between lepidopterists . controversies . . . [ show full abstract ]
icanheartheoceancallingme : i love the tails he makes , his use of colours is amazing . | mermaids and mythology < 3 photography and videos | pinterest | mermaid , …


megachile albonotata is a bee species in the genus megachile found notably in spain .

chalicodoma albonotata is the pollinator of the orchid ophrys drumana .

megachile albonotata

our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
listed as data deficient as there is no information available on the population size , trends , habitat , ecology and threats . research should be conducted in order to determine the status of this species .
this species is distributed from spain to central asia through southern europe , turkey and the middle east ( ascher and pickering 2014 ) .
there is no information available for the population size and trend of this species .
the species is not listed in any national red lists or red data books . there are no conservation actions in place for this species , and it is unknown whether its distribution overlaps with any protected areas throughout its range .
further research should be conducted to determine the population size and trends , habitat and ecology , and threats to the species .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en
chalicodoma rufescens pérez , 1879 ( nec friese , 1905 ) , chalicodoma pyrenaica var . rufescens pérez , 1879
suggested citation of this website : kuhlmann , m . et al . ( co - authors as listed in
contributors
) : checklist of the western palaearctic bees ( hymenoptera : apoidea : anthophila ) . urltoken ( yyyy / mm / dd ) .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
note : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments
* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .


hypatopa simplicella is a moth in the blastobasidae family .

it is found in north america , including iowa , pennsylvania , ontario , nova scotia , british columbia , quebec , maine and oklahoma .

hypatopa simplicella

hypatopa simplicella dietz , 1910 is elevated from subsp . of 1151 hypatopa [ = blastobasis ] plummerella .
dioryctria simplicella ( brown pine knot - horn ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .
no one has contributed data records for hypatopa yet . learn how to contribute .
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
pistemantukoi
to
hypatopa binotella
.
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
rytömantukoi
to
hypatopa inunctella
.
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
vyömantukoi
to
hypatopa segnella
.
hypatopa binotella , the spotted dowd moth , is a moth in the blastobasidae family .
biostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
recorded in 28 ( 41 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1932 . last recorded in 2018 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018


the mountain brushtail possum , or southern bobuck ( trichosurus cunninghami ) , is a nocturnal , semi-arboreal marsupial of the family phalangeridae native to southeastern australia .

it was not described as a separate species until 2002 .

mountain brushtail possum

the results indicated that the northern mountain brushtail possum from new south wales and queensland was indeed a different species from the southern mountain brushtail possum found in victoria .
the type specimens of the mountain brushtail possum now reside in the australian museum mammal collection .
mountain brushtail possum predators have not been well - reported . they are preyed on by non - native foxes (
measurements such as this one of the head length on this sedated mountain brushtail possum have been used to differentiate two distinct species – the short - eared possum that ranges from central nsw to central queensland , and the mountain brushtail possum that is distributed south from sydney to central victoria .
viggers , k . , d . lindenmayer . 2002 . the other brushtail possum .
mountain brushtail possums are a little larger than the common brushtail possum , weighing between 2 . 5kg to 4 . 5kg . they also have some other features that distinguish them from the common brushtail possum . their ears are slightly smaller and more rounded , and are usually darker in colour .
the mountain brushtail possum ' s diet consists mainly of plant food such as leaves , fruits , berries , flowers , bark , fungi and lichens .
large decaying logs provide important runways for animals like the mountain brushtail possum – and assist them move through the dense ground cover that characterizes tall wet eucalypt forests .
mountain brushtail possums , or southern bobucks , are native to southeastern australia , ranging from victoria to central queensland .
mountain brushtail possums are sometimes described as a destructive pest in southeastern australian pine plantations ( iucn red list ) .
the short - eared possum – a new species recently separated from the mountain brushtail possum by workers supported by the herman slade foundation . differences in ear length , foot length , tail structure and genetic variability distinguish the two species .
lindenmayer , d . , j . dubach , k . viggers . 2002 . geographic dimorphism in the mountain brushtail possum t . caninus : the case for a new species .
mountain brushtail possums may influence vegetation community structure through their herbivory . allergic reactions to ectoparasites on the skin may be one of the main causes of the disease ' rumpwear ' in mountain brushtail possums ( hufschmid , handasyde , and beveridge , 2010 ) .
as a result , the existing species , trichosurus caninus , was renamed the short - eared possum , and the southern population was identified as a new species . the new southern species , trichosurus cunninghamii , retains the common name mountain brushtail possum .
montane ash forests where the mountain brushtail possum occurs are also used extensively for timber and paper production . current clearfelling methods are known to have significant negative impacts on populations of the species .
an adult animal emerging from a tree hollow . an individual mountain brushtail possum may use up to 20 different hollows in 20 different years in any given year ( photo : esther beaton ) .
contact - your local licenced possum specialist . for brisbane and surrounds call peter the possum man on ( 07 ) 3250 1111 .
the mountain brushtail possum occurs in the wet sclerophyll and sub - tropical forests from victoria to central queensland , and for many years has been the subject of detailed ecological studies by dr lindenmayer . the studies showed distinct differences in external body measurements between northern and southern populations of mountain brushtail possum , which led the team to investigate further by extracting dna from blood samples in order to examine genetic differences between the populations .
) , which is found directly to the north of mountain brushtail possums . no sexual dimorphism is apparent ( lindenmayer , dubach , and viggers , 2002 ) .
however , dr david lindemayer , a regular associate of the australian museum , and colleagues from the australian national university recently discovered that the well known mountain brushtail possum , trichosurus caninus , was in fact not one species , but two .
viggers , k . l . and lindenmayer , d . b . ( 2000 ) . a population study of the mountain brushtail possum , in the central highlands of victoria . australian journal of zoology , 48 , 201 - 216 .
the mountain brushtail possum , or bobuck as it is also commonly called , is one of the largest species of arboreal marsupials living in wet sclerophyll forests in south - eastern australia , and cool temperate rainforests patches in nsw and south eastern qld .
mountain brush - tails breed in march - may with occasional births outside this timeframe .
lindenmayer , d . b . , dubach , j . , and viggers , k . l . ( 2002 ) geographic dimorphism in the mountain brushtail possum  the case for a new species . australian journal of zoology , 50 , 369 - 393 .
viggers , k . l . , and lindenmayer , d . b . ( 2002 ) . the other brushtail possum . nature australia spring 2002 , 47 - 55 .
their reproductive cycle is very similar to that of the common brushtail possum . they become sexually mature at around two years of age , but rarely breed in this first year .
if your best efforts of excluding your possum / s fail then further advice and assistance may be your last resort . ecologically - minded possum advice , specialist trapping requirements , and legislative compliant release methods should be employed by licensed professionals for effective possum management .
viggers , k . l . and lindenmayer , d . b . a review of the biology of the mountain brushtail possum . in : goldingay , r . l . and jackson , s . ( editors ) . possums and gliders . csiro publishing , melbourne . ( in press ) .
it is rare these days for a new species of possum to be discovered in australia . the last recorded discovery was of the daintree river ringtail possum , pseudochirulus cinereus , in 1945 .
large wire cage traps baited with apple are used to catch the mountain brushtail possum . green apples are used as the preferred bait – probably because the ethylene used to ripen “granny smith” apples is attractive to animals while they are foraging ( perhaps because is resembles the smell of truffles which animals consume in several seasons of the year ) .
wires rescue hotline received a call from a local club to rescue a possum stuck in an industrial bin used for food scraps . the possum was stuck in the bin and due to depth of the bin unable to get back out .
mountain brushtail possums are found within the tall forest of the great dividing range and along the coast from south - east queensland to new south wales and victoria . they are patchily distributed and prefer to inhabit dense subtropical rainforests , wet sclerophyll and also tall eucalypt forests .
mountain brushtail possums are medium - sized ( 2 . 6 to 4 . 2 kg ) marsupials . they have thick , light gray - brown fur , and long , dark gray , bushy tails . they differ morphologically from their close relatives , short - eared possums (
in the event a possum is accidentally trapped during the process either reopen the closed entry point or remove a tile or raise a sheet of iron on your roof to allow exit . if this fails contact a local licensed reputable possum handler for immediate assistance .
image below shows mum possum shortly after rescue in bens rescue basket on route to leoni , clearly stressed and frightened by her ordeal .
most mountain brushtail possum females give birth to one baby a year . the offspring spend approximately 6 months in the pouch , then 1 to 2 months riding on the mother’s back . males spend the least amount of time with their female partners when the females are carrying young on their back , and are therefore much less involved in the care of offspring . juveniles remain with their mothers until they are approximately 18 months old .
possums communicate with each other in different ways , including using smells , sounds and visuals . some sounds they use are hisses , clicks , guttural coughs and screeching . the noises of the common brushtail possum are very similar to that of the mountain brushtail . they also have a variety of scent glands that provide each other with information such as identity , sex , and whether they are in season . they have around 11 scent - producing glands which are found on their sternum and cloaca , in their mouth and pouch , under their chin , on their ears and in between their digits .
this project is a long - term field - based study of the mountain brushtail possum and aims to provide new insights into the ecology , population dynamics and life history of this long - lived marsupial . the proposed work will have significant implications for the conservation of the mountain brushtail possum , particularly for predicting its response to logging - induced habitat changes and estimating the species prospects for long - term persistence in australian forests designated for paper and wood production . for example , the results of the investigation will help mapping and planning refugial conservation areas for wildlife conservation within wood production forests . this will , in turn , assist the improved integration of wildlife conservation and wood production in multi - use landscapes . the project is based around a trap - recapture study that has been running since 1991 at a 35 ha site at cambarville in the montane ash forests of the central highlands of victoria .
they tend to stay with their mother for much longer than other possum species . lifespan can be as long as 17 years , possibly longer . mountain brushtails live in hollow logs mainly found in old trees , so please think before cutting down that old tree , someone may call it home .
both male and female mountain brushtail possums appear to be long - lived , reaching at least 12 years of age . however , it appears as though fewer males reach that age than females ( martin and handasyde , 2007 ) . they are perhaps the longest lived marsupial ( viggers and lindenmayer , 2002 ) .
hufschmid , j . , k . handasyde , i . beveridge . 2010 . the role of host and environmental factors in the epidemiology of rumpwear in brushtail possums .
the southern animals of this species have olive grey fur . here on the north coast , the mountain brushtail can have a variety of colors , from the common grey colour to golden , black , brown and a combination of all . sexual maturity is reached at about 3 years of age . the female gives birth to normally only one young . pouch life is approximately 120 days , after which the juvenile possum will travel part time on mums back . mortality rate at this stage can be high .
the possum box you placed in your tree as option a may become the new home for your excluded visitor and provides a
win win
solution for all .
both male and female adult mountain brushtail possums have a mean home range size of 6 . 0 hectares , plus or minus 0 . 4 hectares . the home ranges of subadults are significantly smaller . however , this data was gathered in a forest setting . therefore , the home ranges of those populations living in scrub settings is unstudied and unknown ( martin , 2006 ) .
so what can you do to try deterring a resident possum from your home ? mountain brush - tail possums are often responsible for sleepless nights for suburban home occupants during entry , exit and general movements associated with roof and wall cavities . placement of a possum box in a tree around your property is advised as your first option . these are available from produce stores , specialist artificial home constructors or you can make your own ( see this site ) . the exclusion of possums from your home is quite simple requiring a small effort on your own behalf .
mum possum was taken back to the club the following evening and released back in to a large fig tree , joey delighting leoni but sticking her head out of the pouch as mum as released .
both were taken in to care by leoni . mum possum was given re hydration fluid and some native food and it did not take long before she was fast asleep with much movement within her pouch .
mountain brushtail possums are nocturnal , staying in dens during the day and leaving at night to forage . they are sedentary , often remaining in the same small home range for their entire lives . adults form strong pair - bonds and often share the same suite of different dens with their offspring . the home ranges of paired individuals overlap as well , as opposed to non - paired individuals , who remain more exclusive in their home ranges .
mountain brushtail possums breed once yearly , in january and february . offspring remain in the pouch for approximately 6 months and then ride on their mother’s back for another 1 to 2 months . offspring are usually weaned around september . juveniles remain close to their mothers until they are approximately 18 months old . females become sexually mature between 2 and 5 years of age ; males between 2 and 3 years ( martin , handasyde , taylor , and coulson , 2007 ) .
mountain brush - tail possums have proven highly adaptable to urban environments using trees , wildlife corridors , natural gullies , roofs and wall cavities often moving via telegraph poles , cabling and fences for traveling and foraging within close proximity to favored moist forest habitat .
it is a frightening thought as to how many animals may in fact go to the tip or even worse go in to the compactors when the bins are emptied , the operator of the compacter not aware that a live animal such as mum possum is trapped .
possums should not be relocated more than 25 meters from the point of capture after proofing has been conducted . be sure to ask contractors what methods they employ and choose the one which provides a solution for yourself and the best welfare outcome for the possum / s being trapped .
trapping and further management of mountain brush - tail possums should be done in accordance with requirements stipulated by the environmental protection agency and permits are issued to operators after examination as to the knowledge and suitability of the permit holder to actively manage suburban possums . often these permit holders are able to provide proofing measures to exclude further entry .
wires carer ben went on the rescue and had to hop in to the bin himself in order to reach the possum . she was fairly easy to catch due to being extremely stressed and worn out from having most likely spent considerable time trying to get out , it was also discovered that she was in fact a female with a large joey in the pouch .
place the paper back into the space and wait for the resident possum to make his early evening exit . inspect the locality every 10 - 15 minutes to determine when this has occurred and simply block the point of entry with a hard fixture like sheet iron . tightly compressed chicken wire reinforced with expandable building foam available in a can is ideal for hard to reach spaces . in some cases the replacement of a single tile or re - fixing of an iron sheet will solve the problem .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
your web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .
your list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .
note : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .
the e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
the e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
please choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .
this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
add tags for
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference
.
you may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
worldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more ››
don ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , occurrence in a number of protected areas , lack of major threats , and because it is not currently in decline .
this species occurs from ulladulla in southern new south wales , south to wombat forest and mount cole in central victoria . it occurs from sea level up to 1 , 300 m asl ( but usually above 300 m ; martin 2008 ) .
it is a mostly scansorial species , of various tall open and closed forest types . it can occur in exotic pine plantations and is a pest in regenerating pine plantations . the female gives birth to a single young after a gestation period of between 15 and 17 days ; the young have a pouch life of five to six months ( martin 2008 ) . along the snowy river it dens in rocky crevices instead of tree holes or logs .
there are no major threats to this species . clearance of land for agriculture and forestry is a threat in some parts of its range . foxes also can be a problem .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
tail often used to grasp branches but cannot support its own body - weight .
males generally larger & heavier than females & may have reddish fur across shoulders .
males use scent glands under the chin , on the chest & near the anus to mark territory yet lack the characteristic staining of the chest like the common brush - tail as the fluid excreted is clear .
arboreal ( tree - living ) occupying tall , open and closed forest and extending along margins of riparian forests .
nocturnal , spending daylight hours asleep in tree hollows , dead branches , thick ferns , epiphytes or even fallen logs .
natural diet consists of leaves , flowers & fruit of native plants . capable of digesting leaves & fruits often toxic to other species . also eats insects , bird eggs and scavenge meat if available .
communication is via scent markings , deep coughing & hissing noises when encountering other individuals .
threats include ; land clearing & loss of habitat , and in urban areas road - deaths & dog attacks .
females may breed from 2 years of age but are generally more successful after the third and subsequent years .
a further 2 - 5 months is spent riding on the mothers back & suckling from her .
after weaning may persist in the area they are raised for a further 18 - 36 months .
human dwellings provide abundant warm , dry shelters , lots of available food plants from manufactured gardens and opportunity to scavenge from litter and rubbish bins .
hand feeding by residents and leaving domestic pet - food outside can also assist possums .
inspect your roof for signs of obvious signs of entry . access is often gained by broken tiles , lifting corrugated iron sheets , deteriorating timber eaves , loose guttering and poor workmanship by builders .
obvious signs include hair and urine staining . feacal matter may also accumulate directly below the entry point .
inspect the entire roof . possums may utilise more than one location and will look for other localities if the usual access is sealed .
place loosely
scrunched up
balls of newspaper in the entry of probable sites and inspect over a two day period to see which localities are being utilised . the paper will be either pushed out or pulled into the roof space .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
open daily 9 . 00am - 5 . 00pm closed christmas day bedtime for some of our animals is 4 : 30pm .
july 24 is when i celebrate my birthday . my love decided to surprise me early with this stunning bouquet . every day… urltoken
urltoken - & nbspthis ; website is for sale ! - & nbspwildlifemountain ; resources and information .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 38c09756 - aa0c - 49e1 - 8e4b - a70d881c9382
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 58bb799f - 40f4 - 4c0e - b0fa - bfee111ef8a2
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : f2024309 - 4e07 - 4948 - b4f1 - 0208dc7a3691
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 600275
explore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .
find out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .
did you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .
the atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
all possums are territorial . let us make sure that they continue to have a place amongst us .
we urge that all industrial bins which all have lids are actually closed . it is extremely tempting for animals such as possums to take advantage of food left in bins , once inside they are not able to escape .
( lindenmayer , et al . , 2002 ; martin and handasyde , 2007 ; martin , 2006 )
relies on sight , hearing , touch , smell , and taste . its whiskers enhance it ' s perception .
leaves , fungi , lichens , buds , fruit , and sometimes bark . acacia is an integral part of their seasonal diet , with different species of the plant consumed at different times of the year .
) and may also be taken by large snakes or raptors . the main threat to populations is human action – the clearance of land for forestry and agriculture .
( hufschmid , et al . , 2010 ; menkhorst , et al . , 2011 )
is of least concern , according to the iucn , and populations are considered stable .
helen mccreary ( author ) , yale university , eric sargis ( editor ) , yale university , rachel racicot ( editor ) , yale university , tanya dewey ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor .
living in australia , new zealand , tasmania , new guinea and associated islands .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
forest biomes are dominated by trees , otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
that region of the earth between 23 . 5 degrees north and 60 degrees north ( between the tropic of cancer and the arctic circle ) and between 23 . 5 degrees south and 60 degrees south ( between the tropic of capricorn and the antarctic circle ) .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
irlbeck , n . , i . hume . 2003 . the role of acacia in the diets of australian marsupials – a review .
martin , j . 2006 . den - use and home - range characteristics of bobucks , trichosurus cunninghami , resident in a forest patch .
martin , j . , k . handasyde . 2007 . comparison of bobuck demography in two habitat types in the strathbogie ranges , australia .
martin , j . , k . handasyde , a . taylor , g . coulson . 2007 . long - term pair - bonds without mating fidelity in a mammal .
menkhorst , p . , d . taggart , m . ellis , r . martin . 2011 .
the iucn red list of threatened species
( on - line ) . accessed april 10 , 2012 at urltoken .
to cite this page : mccreary , h . 2012 .
trichosurus cunninghami
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
a project undertaken at the centre for resource & environmental studies , the australian national university , canberra and managed by david lindenmayer .