microsynodontis notata is a species of upside-down catfish endemic to gabon where it occurs in the ogowe river .

it was first described in 2004 by ng heok hee .

microsynodontis notata

consisted of nine distinct species , eight of which are undescribed . this study reviews the microsynodontis
justification : microsynodontis notata is only known from the type locality the ezanga river , about midway between lake ezanga and the lower ogowe mainstream in gabon ( ng 2004 ) . the species has recently ( 2004 ) been described and may be more widespread than is currently known . more information is needed on the species distribution before an assessment can be made .
froese , rainer , and daniel pauly , eds . ( 2013 ) . species of microsynodontis in fishbase . april 2013 version .
microsynodontis : from the greek mikros , meaning small , and synodontis ; in reference to the small size of members of this genus .
microsynodontis used to be one species microsynodontis batesi . it has been split into nine species . according to brummett , r . it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status ( pers . comm . brummett , r . and reid , g . mcg . ) .
is only known from the lower guinea region ( in the campo , ivindo , ntem , nyong and sanaga river drainages ) . very little material of microsynodontis
not found in the lower guinea region are given in table 10 ) . however , the numbers of oral teeth , a character considered diagnostic in other mochokid genera , are not useful in diagnosing species of microsynodontis
ng , heok hee ( 2004 ) .
the microsynodontis ( teleostei : siluriformes : mochokidae ) of the lower guinea region , west central africa , with the description of eight new species
. zootaxa 531 : 1–52 .
the genus microsynodontis has an interrupted lateral line . the caudal fin is usually rounded or truncate , sometimes with a slight indent . there is a long adipose fin with no fin ray . three pairs of barbels with the mandibular barbels branched .
heok hee ng ( 2004 ) : the microsynodontis ( teleostei : siluriformes : mochokidae ) of the lower guinea region , west central africa , with the description of eight new species . zootaxa 531 , 1 - 52 : 43 - 50 , urltoken
heok hee ng ( 2004 ) : the microsynodontis ( teleostei : siluriformes : mochokidae ) of the lower guinea region , west central africa , with the description of eight new species . zootaxa 531 , 1 - 52 : 2 - 2 , urltoken
ng , h . h . , 2004 . the microsynodontis ( teleostei : siluriformes : mochokidae ) of the lower guinea region , west central africa , with the description of eight new species . zootaxa 531 : 1 - 52 . ( ref . 52369 )
6b . eyes without free orbital margin ; 12 to 14 principal caudal - fin rays ; tail truncate or rounded ; 6 or 7 pectoral - fin rays ( typically 6 ) ; lateral mandibular barbels with single , gracile branches at each point along length ( fig . 27a ) … microsynodontis
microsynodontis species express sexual dimorphism . males can be distinguished by the presence of a conical genital papilla immediately posterior to the anus ; in females , this papilla is smaller and has a flattened tip . males also have a much denser aggregation of tubercles on the head . in m . hirsutus these tubercles are longer than in the other species .
( fide matthes , 1964 ) , but is a valid species . the freshwater ichthyofauna of the lower guinea region ( here defined as the portion of west central africa delineated by the cross river drainage to the north and the chiloango river drainage to the south ; fide roberts , 1975 ) is one of the least explored in africa ( teugels & guégan , 1994 ) . microsynodontis batesii
) from within several closely situated localities within the ntem river drainage in northern gabon and southern cameroon leads me to conclude that although intraspecific variation in color ( and certainly in biometrics ) exists , color patterns are useful diagnostic characters once the degree of intraspecific variation is understood . furthermore , diagnostic characters not previously identified , some of which have been used in other mochokid genera , were found to be useful for distinguishing species of microsynodontis
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the mochokidae are a family of african catfishes known commonly as ‘squeakers’ and ‘upside - down catfishes . ’ these common names refer to some unusual habits of certain members of the large genus synodontis . the name squeaker refers to the fact that , when agitated , many species in the genus are capable of making a squeaking noise by stridulation of the pectoral spine against the pectoral girdle ( jubb , 1967 ) ; stridulation is also apparent in mochokiella paynei and some species of atopochilus .
fossil mochokids , of the genus synodontis , have been found in deposits from eastern and northern africa dating to at least the early miocene ( at least 20 mya ) ( stewart , 2001 ) . interestingly , fragments of pectoral spines of synodontis dating from the early oligocene have been found in oman , an area where mochokids do not exist today ( otero & gayet , 2001 ) . fossil mochokids outside of the genus synodontis are presently unknown .
little is known about the ecology of most mochokids . what is known pertains mostly to diet and is biased towards species of synodontis . stomach contents from synodontis have included insects , nematodes , crustaceans , mollusks , annelids , seeds , algae , diatoms , fish scales and , incidentally , sand ( bishai & abu gideiri , 1965a ; bishai & abu gideiri , 1965b ; winemiller & kelso - winemiller , 1996 ; sanyanga , 1998 ) . from observations of stomach contents , the diet of most mochokids is probably very similar ; that is , they are omnivores . for some of the larger sucker - mouthed species ( i . e . , atopochilus and euchilichthys ) the stomach contents contain a high proportion of silt , algae and detritus . for these taxa it seems likely that scraping or grazing is the predominant method of feeding .
lateral view of atopochilus vogti , illustrating typical body shape in sucker - mouthed mochokids ; cu 93752 . ©
pigmentation and patterning of mochokid skin is also diverse . mochokids are popular in the pet trade because they have showy colors , sharply contrasting patterns like stripes and polka - dots and , quite often , extravagant fins . as some of the largest and most active mochokids , species of synodontis display an amazing array of patterns and pigmentation that may , in some cases , serve as visual cues to conspecifics . it might also be true that the bright , contrasting coloration found in some species serves as a warning to predators . like many catfishes , some mochokids possess specialized poison glands for delivering offensive chemicals along with a ‘stick’ by the pectoral spine ; anecdotal accounts indicate that these wounds can be very painful . however , field studies that might demonstrate function of these varied patterns have not been done .
lateral view of synodontis ornatipinnis , illustrating the striking patterns seen in some species of synodontis ; cu 91403 . ©
many mochokid species exhibit obvious sexual dimorphism . for example , many species in the genus chiloglanis show dimorphism of the caudal and anal fins ( roberts , 1989 ; seegers , 1996 ; friel & vigliotta , 2006 ) ; some chiloglanis also display sexual dimorphism of the cleithral process , wherein males possess a greatly enlarged process shielding the flank . in the closely related genus atopochilus , sexual dimorphism of the anal fin is sometimes evident . some mochokids exhibit spiny ornamentation of the skull roof bones , opercular series and pectoral girdle ( friel & vigliotta , 2006 ) . in the case of synodontis acanthoperca , a spine found at the rear of the opercle is , itself , sexually dimorphic . the spines of males are much larger than those of females . this is also true for mochokiella paynei ( personal observation ) , which was previously unknown to possess opercular spines or exhibit sexual dimorphism .
dorsal view of heads illustrating sexual dimorphism of the opercular spine in synodontis acanthoperca : a . cu 89005 , male holotype , 44 . 1 mm sl ; b . cu 89006 , female paratype , 40 . 4 mm sl . the pectoral spines in both specimens have been removed from the images to make the margins of the head more distinct against the background . scale bar equals 1 mm . ©
vigliotta ( 2008 ) provides several synapomorphies as diagnostic features for the mochokidae including : absense of the ascending process of meckel’s cartilage ; a shortened horizontal process of meckel’s cartilage ; coronomeckalian extremely reduced or even absent ; absence of a coronoid process ; absence of an interhyal ; presence of a pectoral locking foramen ( absence / reversal in most suckermouthed species ) ; seven pelvic - fin rays ; fusion of upper caudal - fin elements ( absence / reversal in atopochilus and euchilichthys ) ; a reduced number of mandibular sensory canal pores ( 3 or fewer ) ; and distinctive , ramified inner and outer mandibular barbels ( absence / reversal in suckermouthed mochokids where these barbels are partially or completely incorporated into an expanded lower lip ) .
1a . lips and barbels modified into oral disc ( fig . 27c ) ; postcleithral process short ( fig . 22c ) ; 5 infraorbitals ( figs . 2c , 4b ) ; pelvic - fin origin at vertical at end of dorsal - fin base . . . 2
1b . lips and barbels not modified into oral disc ; postcleithral process quite long ( fig . 22b ) ; 4 infraorbitals figs . 2b , 4a ) ; pelvic - fin origin beyond end of dorsal - fin base . . . 5
2a . mandibular teeth bunched ( in bouquet ) at midline ( fig . 3d in friel and vigliotta , 2008 ) in or spread across mouth opening in one or two discrete rows ( fig . 3e–f in friel and vigliotta , 2008 ) ; eyes without free orbital margin ; mandibular sensory - canal absent ; 4 to 6 dorsalfin rays ( typically 5 ) ; 5 to 7 branchiostegal rays ( typically 5 or 6 ) … chiloglanis
2b . mandibular teeth spread across mouth opening in more than two discrete rows ( fig . 3a–c in friel and vigliotta , 2008 ) ; eyes with free orbital margin ; mandibular sensory canal present , with 2 pores on each side ; 6 to 7 dorsal - fin rays ; 7 to 8 branchiostegal rays . . . 3
3a . small anteriorly directed pocket underneath lower lip produced by folds of skin ( fig . 4a in friel and vigliotta , 2008 ) ; width of mandibular tooth rows less than 66 % width of paired premaxillae ( fig . 3a in friel and vigliotta , 2008 ) ; caudal fin emarginate ; gas bladder extremely reduced to two small bulbs ( fig . 5 ) … atopodontus
3b . small anteriorly directed pocket underneath lower lip absent ( fig . 4b in friel and vigliotta , 2008 ) ; width of mandibular tooth rows more than 66 % width of paired premaxillae ( fig . 3b–c in friel and vigliotta , 2008 ) ; caudal fin forked ; gas bladder only modestly reduced ( fig . 3c ) . . . 4
4a . mandibular teeth spatulate and unicuspid ( fig . 10c ) ; large posterior pectoral - spine serrae ; one or only a few pores at sites along the cephalic sensory canals ; fewer than 40 vertebrae … atopochilus
4b . mandibular teeth with lengthwise keel creating trowel shape and sometimes bicuspid from wear ( fig . 10a ) ; small posterior pectoral - spine serrae ; several pores at various sites along the cephalic sensory canals ; more than 40 vertebrae … euchilichthys
5a . s - shaped auxiliary dentary teeth present ( fig . 10a , c–f ) ; premaxillary teeth differentiated by shape and size front to back ; lips plicate ( with folds at corners of mouth ) . . . 6
5b . s - shaped auxiliary dentary teeth absent ( fig . 10b ) ; premaxillary teeth showing little , if any , differentiation from front to back ; lips papillose , but not plicate ( without folds ) . . . 7
6a . eyes with free orbital margin ; 17 principal caudal - fin rays ( only 13 in synodontis contracta ) ; tail forked ; 6 to 10 pectoral - fin rays ( usually 8 or 9 ) ; lateral mandibular barbels with single , gracile branches at each point along length or doubly branched ( fig . 27a–b ) … synodontis
7a . dorsal surface of the head and nuchal shield covered by large ridges and spinous projections ; cleithrum bearing spine in males ; rounded , blunt postcleithral process ; anus and urogenital opening distant ; free orbital margin present ; gill openings open to isthmus ; tips of mandibular teeth spatulate ; medial mandibular barbels with multiple , thick branches at each point along length ( fig . 27b ) ; 8 to 9 pectoral - fin rays ; 17 caudal - fin rays ; more than 40 vertebrae … acanthocliethron
7b . dorsal surface of the head and nuchal shield without ridges and spinous projections ; cleithrum without spine in males ; pointed postcleithral process ; anus and urogenital opening very close ; free orbital margin absent ; gill openings restricted to sides of the head ; tips of mandibular teeth pointed ; medial mandibular barbels with single , gracile branches at each point along length ( fig . 27a ) ; 5 to 7 pectoral - fin rays ; 13 or 15 caudal - fin rays ; fewer than 36 vertebrae . . . 8
bishai h . m . and y . b . abu gideiri . 1965a . studies on the biology of genus synodontis at khartoum . i . age and growth . hydrobiologia 26 : 8597 .
bishai h . m . and y . b . abu gideiri . 1965b . studies on the biology of genus synodontis at khartoum . ii . food and feeding habits . hydrobiologia 26 : 98113 .
bishai h . m . and y . b . abu gideiri . 1968 . studies on the biology of genus synodontis at khartoum . iii . reproduction . hydrobiologia 31 : 193202 .
chapman , l . j . , l . kaufman , and c . a . chapman . 1994 . why swim upside - down - a comparative study of 2 mochokid catfishes . copeia 1994 : 130135 .
day , j . j . , and m . wilkinson . 2006 . on the origin of the synodontis catfish species flock from lake tanganyika . biology letters 2 : 548552 .
de weirdt , d . , e . vreven , and y . fermon . 2008 . synodontis ngouniensis , a new species ( siluriformes : mochikidae ) from ngounié and nyanga basins , gabon and republic of congo . ichthyological exploration of freshwaters 19 ( 2 ) : 121128 .
ferraris , c . j . , jr . 2007 . checklist of catfishes , recent and fossil ( osteichthyes : siluriformes ) , and catalogue of siluriform primary types . zootaxa 1418 : 1628 .
friel , j . p . , and j . p . sullivan . 2008 . synodontis woleuensis ( siluriformes : mochokidae ) , a new species of catfish from gabon and equatorial guinea , africa . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 157 : 312 .
friel , j . p . and t . r . vigliotta . 2006 . synodontis acanthoperca , a new species from the ogôoué river system , gabon with comments on spiny ornamentation and sexual dimorphism in mochokid catfishes ( siluriformes : mochokidae ) . zootaxa 1125 : 4556 .
friel , j . p . and t . r . vigliotta . 2008 . atopodontus adriaensi , a new genus and species of african suckermouth catfish from the ogôoué and nyanga river systems of gabon ( siluriformes mochokidae ) . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 157 : 1323 .
jubb , r . a . 1967 . freshwater fishes of southern africa . cape town , amsterdam , balkema , 248 pp .
koblmüller , s . , c . sturmbauer , e . verheyen , a . meyer , and w . salzburger . 2006 . mitochondrial phylogeny and phylogeography of east african squeaker catfishes ( siluriformes : synodontis ) . bmc evolutionary biology 6 : 49 .
musschoot , t . , and p . lalèyè . 2008 . designation of a neotype for synodontis schall ( bloch and schneider , 1801 ) and description of two new species of synodontis ( siluriformes : mochokidae ) . journal of natural history 42 ( 17 - 18 ) : 13031331 .
ng , h . h . and r . m . bailey . 2006 . chiloglanis productus , a new species of suckermouth catfish ( siluriformes : mochokidae ) from zambia . occasional papers of the university of michigan museum of zoology 738 : 113 .
otero , o . and m . gayet . 2001 . palaeoichthyofaunas from the lower oligocene and miocene of the arabian plate : palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical implications . palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology 165 : 141169 .
roberts , t . r . 1989 . systematic revision and description of new species of suckermouth catfishes ( chiloglanis , mochokidae ) from cameroun . proceedings of the california academy of sciences series 4 , 46 : 151178 .
sanyanga , r . a . 1998 . food composition and selectivity of synodontis zambezensis ( pisces : mochokidae ) in lake kariba , and the ecological implications . hydrobiologia 361 : 8999 .
sato , t . 1986 . a brood parasitic catfish of mouthbrooding cichlid fishes in lake tanganyika . nature 323 : 5859 .
seegers , l . 1996 . the fishes of the lake rukwa drainage . musée royal de lafrique centrale , annales , sciences zoologiques 278 : 1407 .
seegers , l . 2008 . the catfishes of africa . a handbook for identification and maintenance . aqualog verlag , rodgau , germany . 604 pp .
stewart , k . m . 2001 . the freshwater fish of neogene africa ( miocene - pleistocene ) : systematics and biogeography . fish and fisheries ( oxford ) 2 : 177230
vigliotta , t . r . 2008 . a phylogenetic study of the african catfish family mochokidae ( osteichthyes , ostariophysi , siluriformes ) , with a key to genera . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 157 : 73136 .
winemiller , k . o . , and l . c . kelso - winemiller . 1996 . comparative ecology of catfishes of the upper zambezi river floodplain . journal of fish biology 49 : 10431061 .
wisenden , b . d . 1999 . alloparental care in fishes . reviews in fish biology and fisheries 9 : 4570 .
wright , j . j . and l . m . page . 2006 . taxonomic revision of the lake tanganyikan synodontis ( siluriformes : mochokidae ) . the bulletin of the florida museum of natural history 46 : 99154 .
wright , j . j . and l . m . page . 2008 . a new species of synodontis ( siluriformes : mochokidae ) from tributaries of the kasai river in northern angola . copeia 2008 ( 2 ) : 294300 .
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. african squeaker and suckermouth catfishes . version 02 march 2009 ( under construction ) .
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greek , mikros = small + greek , synodon = with the teeth growing all together ( ref . 45335 )
species name from the latin notatus , meaning marked , in reference to the dark elongate spots frequently present in this species ( ref . 52369 )
africa : endemic to the lower ogowe river in gabon ( ref . 52369 , 81251 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 5 . 4 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 52369 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 2 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 6 - 7 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 10 - 12 ; vertebrae : 35 - 37 . diagnosis : body with numerous dark brown elongate spots ; caudal peduncle deep , 9 . 6 - 11 . 9 % sl ; anterior edge of pectoral spine with anteriorly directed serrations ; caudal fin rounded ; body moderately slender , adipose fin moderately long , its base 28 . 5 - 34 . 5 % sl ; snout length 38 . 3 - 48 . 4 % sl ; eye diameter 17 . 2 - 25 . 7 % sl ; both sexes with short ( < 0 . 1 mm ) tubercles on dorsal and lateral surfaces of head ; supracleithral process not reaching to vertical through posterior - most tip of nuchal shield ; dorsal spine curved ( ref . 81251 ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5002 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01318 ( 0 . 00577 - 0 . 03011 ) , b = 2 . 96 ( 2 . 77 - 3 . 15 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 0 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 10 of 100 ) .
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eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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smallest 27mm , largest 100mm , average 52mm , most commonly 60mm . all sl .
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smallest 27mm , largest 760mm , average 198mm , most commonly 100mm . all sl .
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eschmeyer , w . n . and r . fricke , and r . van der laan ( eds ) .
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page created by : eli , 15 . 08 . 07 , last modified by : lei , 20 . 11 . 08
what ' s new | tropical fish home | rainforests | news | search | about | contact copyright rhett butler 1994 - 2013 the copy for urltoken was written in 1994 - 1995 . therefore some information such as scientific names may be out of date . for this , i apologize . feel free to send corrections to me .
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brummett , r . , mbe tawe , a . n . , dening touokong , c . , reid , g . m . , snoeks , j . staissny , m . , moelants , t . , mamonekene , v . , ndodet , b . , ifuta , s . n . b . , chilala , a . , monsembula , r . , ibala zamba , a . , opoye itoua , o . , pouomogne , v . , darwall , w . & smith , k .
a lower guinea endemic , only known from the type locality the ezanga river , about midway between lake ezanga and the lower ogowe mainstream in gabon ( ng 2004 ) .
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species is often difficult , primarily because of the large amounts of purported variation observed in biometrics and color ( poll & gosse , 1963 ; matthes , 1964 ) ; one outcome of this observation was the synonymy of m . christyi
by matthes ( 1964 ) . these conclusions were drawn without the examination of large series from a single locality ( or at least multiple closely situated localities within the same drainage ) , and the high degree of variation reported is due to confusion between intraspecific and interspecific differences . however , after examining a large series of m . batesii
the variation in color is largely of an ontogenetic nature , and its use as a more reliable diagnostic character is possible once the limits of variation are understood . the ontogenetic change in color pattern is most marked for m . batesii
, and consists of changes in both the pigmentation pattern of the abdomen and the shape of the light - colored markings on the body . in the former case , many juvenile specimens have a dense aggregation of melanophores concentrated in a series of evenly distributed large spots on the abdomen that fade with age ( fig . 1c ) , and in the latter case , the dorsal and ventral light - colored markings may coalesce to form complete bands encircling the body , especially in the region of the caudal peduncle ( fig . 1c ) . the light - colored markings on the ventral third of the body in juvenile specimens are also more vermiform ( fig . 1c ) . in any case , m . batesii
( and all other species from the lower guinea region ) of all sizes always possess a light - colored band encircling the nape , which is absent in m . christyi
of all sizes examined , even in preserved material . therefore , the absence of this band is a useful diagnostic character for distinguishing m . christyi
in having a deeper caudal peduncle ( 10 . 0 - 11 . 8 % sl vs . 5 . 8 - 9 . 2 ) . the distributions of the two species also suggest that they are different : m . christyi
from the middle congo river drainage was available for study , but the examination of all material available suggests that there are no species in common between the middle congo river drainage and those of the lower guinea region . this is so even when the tributaries of the congo and the smaller coastal drainages of the lower guinea region are immediately adjacent , as in the case of the material identified as m . batesii
from the dja river ( a tributary of the congo river flowing approximately southwest in southern cameroon and located adjacent to the ntem river drainage ) , which is not conspecific with m . batesii
this study reveals the importance of some biometric measurements as diagnostic characters . in particular , two of the species described here , m . nannoculus
, are distinguished from congeners chiefly by biometric measurements . bivariate analyses ( ancova ) of the regression lines of eye diameter ( fig . 17 ) , snout length ( fig . 18 ) , caudal peduncle depth ( fig . 19 ) , adipose basal length ( fig . 20 ) and caudal - fin length ( fig . 21 ) on sl are significantly different ( given the number of taxa used in the analysis , it was not possible to display all of them on the biplots without obscuring key patterns and only the key taxa for each biometric value are used in figs . 17 - 21 ) . the p values of the analyses are given in table 11 , and it can be seen that regression lines are all significantly different for the eye diameter of m . nannoculus
species can be distinguished from females by the presence of a conical genital papilla immediately posterior to the anus ( females have a smaller papilla that is distally flattened ) and ( especially in mature adults of all lower guinea species except for m . emarginatus
) by a much denser aggregation of tubercles on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the head , especially in the region on the sides of the head from the snout to the preopercle . the presence of tubercles has been used as a diagnostic character in the mochokidae , e . g . in synodontis
. the results of this study indicate that tubercle shape is useful in diagnosing at least one species , m . hirsutus
, from its congeners . although the number and density of tubercles differ both sexually and ontogenetically , the tubercles retain their characteristic shape in specimens of both sexes and all sizes in m . hirsutus
species are occasionally imported for the aquarium trade and are not considered rare , very little is known of their biology , from either field or aquarium observations . this is probably because these fishes , like many other small fishes in ichthyological expeditions , are often overlooked and are thus not particularly well represented in collections . with the number of species identified in this study , it is clear that this element of the ichthyofauna ( the miniature species ) is in need of further study .
1 . caudal fin emarginate ( fig . 9a ) ( ogooué river drainage ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . emarginatus
- caudal fin rounded or truncate ( figs . 9b - c ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 . anterior edge of pectoral spine smooth ( ivindo river drainage ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . laevigatus
- anterior edge of pectoral spine serrated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 . body always without numerous dark brown elongate spots ; caudal peduncle slender ( 5 . 8 - 9 . 8 % sl ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
- body frequently with numerous dark brown elongate spots ; caudal peduncle deep ( 9 . 6 - 11 . 9 % sl ) ( ogooué river drainage ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . notatus
4 . adipose - fin base long ( 34 . 4 - 41 . 6 % sl ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
- adipose fin - base short ( 21 . 3 - 33 . 8 % sl ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5 . dorsal and lateral surfaces of head with long tubercles in both sexes ( up to 0 . 3 mm long ) ; dorsal spine straight ( ntem river drainage ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . hirsutus
- dorsal and lateral surfaces of head with small rounded tubercles in both sexes ( not more than 0 . 1 mm long ) ; dorsal spine gently curved ( campo , ivindo , ntem , nyong , ogooué and sanaga river drainages ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . batesii
6 . supracleithral process reaching to vertical through posteriormost tip of nuchal shield ; eye large ( 19 . 3 - 25 . 0 % hl ) ( ogooué river drainage ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . vigilis
- supracleithral process not reaching to vertical through posteriormost tip of nuchal shield ; eye small ( 10 . 6 - 19 . 6 % hl ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7 . snout long ( 50 . 0 - 53 . 3 % hl ) ( okano river drainage ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . nasutus
8 . body slender ( 13 . 7 - 15 . 0 % sl ) ; anterior edge of pectoral spine with retrorse ( proximally directed ) serrations along proximal half ; eye larger ( 13 . 9 - 19 . 6 % hl ) ( ivindo river drainage ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . armatus
- body deep ( 17 . 6 - 19 . 9 % sl ) ; anterior edge of pectoral spine with anteriorly directed serrations along proximal half ; eye smaller ( 10 . 6 - 12 . 2 % hl ) ( ntem river drainage ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . nannoculus
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
is restricted to the rivers of western africa ( from the saint paul river drainage south and east to the congo river drainage ) , and is comprised of small mochokid catfishes diagnosed by the following synapomorphies : a narrow mesethmoid , lack of free orbital margin , transverse ventral fold of branchiostegal membranes , slender cleithral process , and a rounded or truncate caudal fin ( howes , 1980 ) .
for a forthcoming publication on the fishes of the lower guinea region ( ng , in prep . ) , it was found that material from the region previously identified as m . batesii
as their coloration can be highly variable within each species , and color patterns may even change as a fish grows ; to identify based on coloration , an understanding of the limits of variation is necessary .
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plusieurs espèces de la famille mochokidae sont importées pour les aquariums , mais peu se reproduisent régulièrement en captivité . de nouvelles et rares espèces de la famille mochokidae sont fréquemment introduites sur le marché .
distribution : l’afrique . nageoire adipeuse généralement très grande ; anale à moins de 10 rayons ; les épines des nageoires dorsale et pectorale sont généralement forte , trois paires de barbillons sensitifs tactiles , barbeaux nasales barbillons absents et le mandibulaire peut avoir de nombreuses branches , d’autres espèces possèdent des lèvres et une partie de barbillons modifié dans une ventouse orale ( atopochilus , chiloglanis et euchilichthys ) , longueur maximale 72 cm .
209 espèces dans la famille mochokidae . liste nominale des espèces appartenant à la famille mochokidae
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compare prices with our new price comparison engine ! just type in a specific synodontis names below and we ' ll show you prices from some of the leading retailers on the internet .


hypselobarbus thomassi ( the red canarese barb ) is a critically endangered species of ray-finned fish in the genus hypselobarbus .

it is endemic to the western ghats in karnataka and kerala , india .

this species is potentially a very large fish , growing to 100 cm ( 39 in ) tl , possibly even larger .

hypselobarbus thomassi

no one has contributed data records for hypselobarbus thomassi yet . learn how to contribute .
the red canarese barb , hypselobarbus thomassi ( day , 1874 ) is an endemic cyprinid fish of the rivers . . .
taxonomic notes : hypselobarbus thomassi was described by day ( 1874 ) from south canara ( dakshin kannada ) , karnataka state , india .
taxonomic notes : hypselobarbus thomassi was described by day ( 1874 ) from south canara ( dakshin kannada ) , karnataka state , india .
distribution , threats and conservation status of < i > hypselobarbus thomassi < / i > ( day , 1874 ) , a poorly k . . .
in recent times , though the genus hypselobarbus has been studied substantially , the identities of i . . .
hypselobarbus pulchellus , is a poorly known species , with very few verifiable records since its des . . .
{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . hypselobarbus thomassi ( day , 1874 ) . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 10 , 2018 ] .
rediscovery of < i > hypselobarbus pulchellus < / i > , an endemic and threatened barb ( teleostei : cyprinidae ) . . .
cepf western ghats special series : re - description of < i > hypselobarbus lithopidos < / i > ( teleostei : cypri . . .
identity of < i > hypselobarbus pulchellus < / i > ( day , 1870 ) - an addendum to knight et al . ( 2013 a and b )
a species of hypselobarbus with a moderately elongate body ; two pairs of barbels ; 31–34 scales lateral line scales ; last unbranched dorsal fin ray weak , articulated ; each scale with a red lunule and dark base ; no bands on body .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
was described by day ( 1874 ) from south canara ( dakshin kannada ) , karnataka state , india .
2004 ) . there seems to be a uncertainty regarding the exact distribution of this species . apart from nethravati river ( which is around the type locality ) ( menon 2004 ) ,
from this river are not correct and are cases of misidentifications ( robin abraham pers . comm ) . given the taxonomic ambiguities existing within the genus
, nor are they any recent records from anywhere in kerala or karnataka . it is also known that an extensive search in south canara turned up only one specimen ( menon 2004 ) .
it inhabits fast - flowing streams and rivers below the ghats , in forested areas ( menon 1999 ) .
no information on use or trade . however like all large barbs within the genus
. as there are no recent records of this species , it is to determined whether these are attributed to large scale population declines throughout its range or taxonomic issues . the nethravati and kabini rivers of karnataka and kerala , where the species might be existing , needs to be surveyed extensively .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
greek , hypselos = high + latin , barbus = barbel ( ref . 45335 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 100 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4832 )
knight , j . d . m . , a . rai and r . k . p . d ' souza , 2013 . on the identities of barbus mussullah sykes and cyprinus curmuca hamilton with notes on the status of gobio canarensis jerdon ( teleostei : cyprinidae ) . zootaxa 3750 ( 3 ) : 201 - 215 . ( ref . 94728 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00933 ( 0 . 00431 - 0 . 02019 ) , b = 3 . 02 ( 2 . 85 - 3 . 19 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : low , minimum population doubling time 4 . 5 - 14 years ( assuming tm > 4 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : high to very high vulnerability ( 68 of 100 ) .
: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
records by other methods ( net , hand line , spear , bow fishing etc . )
' ; document . write ( amazon ) ; document . write ( google ) ; } / / - - >
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
froese , r . and d . pauly . editors . 2011 . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . < a href = ' urltoken ' target = ' _ blank ' > www . fishbase . org , version ( 10 / 2011 ) . < / a >
< a target = ' _ blank ' href = ' urltoken ' > iucn 2011 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2011 . 2 . exported on 12 january 2012 < / a >
red list category & criteria : least concern ver 3 . 1 year assessed : 2010 conservation actions : currently there is no specific action plan directed towards ambassis dussumieri . research on the population status , ecology and threats to the species is essential .
a general description , with any kind of information about the taxon . its main goal is summarize the most relevant or attractive characteristics of this taxon to the general public .
s . s . mishra , laishram kosygin , p . t . rajan and k . c . gopi , zoological survey of india in venkataraman , k . , chattopadhyay , a . and subramanian , k . a . ( editors ) . 2013 . endemic animals of india ( vertebrates ) : 1–235 + 26 plates . ( published by the director , zoological survey of india , kolkata )
general description of the sites where the species is found ( ecosystem , forest , environment or microhabitat ) . includes realm ( e . g terrestrial etc ) and climatic information ( e . g boreal ) ; also includes requirements and tolerances ; horizontal and vertical ( altitudinal ) distribution . also includes information referring to territorial extension of the individual or group in terms of its activities ( feeding , mating , etc . ) , associated mostly to vertebrates .
enumerates geographic entities where the taxon lives . covers ranges , e . g . , a global range , or a narrower one ; may be biogeographical , political or other ( e . g . , managed areas like conservencies ) ; endemism ; native or exotic . does not include altitudinal distribution , which is covered under habitat .
describes the likelihood of the species becoming extinct in the present day or in the near future . population size is treated under population biology , and trends in population sizes are treated under trends . however , this is the preferred element if an object includes all of these things and details about conservation listings .
bibliography : abraham , r . k . , rajesh , r & kelkar , n . 2010 . do protected areas of india’s western ghats conserve fish diversity ? final report submitted to the conservation leadership program .
menon , a . g . k . 1999 . check list - fresh water fishes of india . .
kurup , b . m . , radhakrishnan , k . v . and manojkumar , t . g . 2004 . biodiversity status of fishes inhabiting rivers of kerala ( south india ) with special reference to endemism , threats and conservation measures . in : r . l . welcomme and t . petr ( eds ) , proceedings of the second international symposium on the management of large rivers for fisheries 2 : 316 . cambodia .
menon , a . g . k . 2004 . threatened fishes of india and their conservation .
dahanukar , n . , raut , r . and bhat , a . 2004 . distribution , endemism and threat status of freshwater fishes in the western ghats of india . journal of biogeography 31 : 123 - 136 .
abraham , r . k . , rajesh , r & kelkar , n . 2010 . do protected areas of india’s western ghats conserve fish diversity ? final report submitted to the conservation leadership program .
shaji , c . p . and easa , p . s . ( eds ) . 2003 . freshwater fishes of kerala . pp . 125 . kerala forest research research institute ( kfri ) , thrissur .
iucn . 2011 . iucn red list of threatened species ( ver . 2011 . 1 ) . available at : http : / / www . iucnredlist . org . ( accessed : 16 june 2011 ) .
thomas , r . k . 2004 . habitat and distribution of hill stream fishes of southern kerala ( south of palghat gap ) . zoology , mahatma gandhi university .
day , f . 1874 . on some new or little - known fishes of india . proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the zoological society of london 1873 ( 3 ) : 704 - 710 .
a checklist of the fishes of kerala state is presented , along with their scientific and common name . . .
< i > pethia lutea < / i > , a new species of barb ( teleostei : cyprinidae ) and new records of p . punctata from . . .
a new species of barb pethia lutea is described from the kundalika river in the northern part of th . . .
distribution , threats and conservation status of the wayanad mahseer , < i > neolissochilus wynaadensis < / i . . .
the wayanad mahseer neolissochilus wynaadensis ( day , 1873 ) is an endemic cyprinid fish that occurs . . .
reply to the response given by n . basavaraja to knight et al . 2013 a and b
reply to “need for further research on the freshwater fish fauna of the ashambu hills landscape : a resp . . .
appendix 1 paper on phylogenetic position and osteology of pethia setnai , an endemic barb of the weste . . .
kulathupuzha temple is widely known for its fish feeding ( meenuttu ) of fishes known as thirumak . . .
appendix 2 short notes in min newsletter of the iucn - sscwi freshwater fish specialist group south asia . . .
using freshwater kbas for informing conservation and development policy and action in kerala and tamil . . .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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