spinomantis peraccae is a species of frog in the mantellid subfamily mantellinae , endemic to madagascar .

the specific epithet honours italian herpetologist mario giacinto peracca .

spinomantis peraccae

description of two tadpoles of malagasy treefrogs , spinomantis sp . aff . peraccae and spinomantis tavaratra
- - synonym : mantidactylus ( spinomantis ) peraccae — glaw and vences , 1994 .
mantidactylus ( spinomantis ) peraccae — glaw and vences , 1994 , fieldguide amph . rept . madagascar , ed . 2 : 403 .
no one has contributed data records for spinomantis yet . learn how to contribute .
rhacophorus ( rhacophorus ) peraccae — ahl , 1931 , das tierreich , 55 : 191 .
this recently described species is similar to spinomantis peraccae and s . elegans . there is confustion regarding the taxonomy of this group ( additional species might be involved ) , and a revision is needed .
- - . . . none , mantidactylus opiparis , unknown . none , mantidactylus peraccae , unknown . none ,
mantidactylus ( guibemantis ) peraccae — dubois , 1992 , bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon , 61 : 312 .
descriptions of two new spinomantis frogs from madagascar ( amphibia : mantellidae ) , and new morphological data for s . brunae and s . massorum
mantidactylus peraccae — blommers - schlösser , 1978 , genetica , 48 : 32 . blommers - schlösser , 1979 , beaufortia , 29 : 43 .
( pdf ) descriptions of two new spinomantis frogs from madagascar ( amphibia : mantellidae ) , and new morphological data for s . brunae and s . massorum
m 34 - 44 mm . the only arboreal spinomantis without distinct fringes or spines . usually light brown to greenish on the dorsum with distinct rounded brown patches .
spinomantis peraccae — vences and glaw , 2006 , in vences et al . ( eds . ) , calls frogs madagascar : 25 . glaw and vences , 2006 , organisms divers . evol . , 6 : 248 ; glaw and vences , 2006 , organisms divers . evol . , electron . suppl . , 11 ( 1 ) : 2 .
andreone , f . , glaw , f . , vences , m . and vallan , d . 1998 . a new mantidactylus from south - eastern madagascar , with a review of mantidactylus peraccae ( ranidae : mantellinae ) . herpetological journal 8 : 149 - 159 .
. . . for instance , 34 of 77 species of the treefrog genus boophis have been described since 2000 ( e . g . , glaw et al . 2010 ) . in contrast , only two species of spinomantis were described in the same period ( cramer et al . 2008 ) , although another 11 candidate species were identified by molecular data ( vieites et al . 2009 ; perl et al . 2014 ) . spinomantis bertini ( guibé , 1947 ) is a poorly known frog of 22−28 mm snout–vent length , inhabiting stream edges in primary rainforest of the south - eastern malagasy andohahela massif ( glaw & vences 2007 ) . . . .
rhacophorus peraccae boulenger , 1896 , ann . mag . nat . hist . , ser . 6 , 18 : 421 . holotype : bmnh 1947 . 2 . 9 . 70 , according to blommers - schlösser and blanc , 1991 , faune de madagascar , 75 : 153 . type locality :
ivohimanita
, northwestern madagascar .
spinomantis brunae — vences and glaw , 2006 , in vences et al . ( eds . ) , calls frogs madagascar : 26 . glaw and vences , 2006 , organisms divers . evol . , 6 : 248 ; glaw and vences , 2006 , organisms divers . evol . , electron . suppl . , 11 ( 1 ) : 2 .
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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
frost , d . r . 2015 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 6 . 0 . new york , usa . available at : urltoken .
the taxonomic status of this species is in doubt . some populations assigned to it might belong to other species ( andreone et al . 1998 ) .
justification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution and presumed large population .
this species ranges widely in northern , eastern and central madagascar from tsaratanana south to andohahela , at 500 - 2 , 000 m asl . recent records have confirmed it occurring in bemanevika ( rabearivony et al . 2010 ) .
it is a locally abundant species . due to ongoing declines in the extent and quality of habitat , the population is suspected to be decreasing .
it is an arboreal species living along streams in pristine rainforest and it is not found in altered habitats . the eggs are placed on leaves above water , and the larvae develop in slow - flowing streams .
its forest habitat is receding due to subsistence agriculture , timber extraction , charcoal manufacture , and invasive spread of eucalyptus , livestock grazing and expanding human settlements .
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variation : specimens from tsaratanana , have a more brownish colour and indistinct patterning and very melodious , “metallic” - sounding calls , and may represent a different species .
is larger , with a less granular skin and has only an inner metatarsal tubercle .
ambohitantely , andranomay forest , anjanaharibe , ankazobe , ankeniheny , chaines anosyennes , farihimazava , ranomafana ( maharira forest , ranomena , vohiparara ) . it occurs between 500m - 2 , 000m asl in pristine rainforest ( andreone et al . 2008 ) .
leaf axil . one calling male was captured in february , about 5 m above a brook in rain forest . several other specimens were heard along forest brooks .
call ( from ankeniheny ) : a single ' explosive ' short note that can be described as ' pom ' . note duration is about 75 ms . frequency is between 1 . 2 and 4 . 2 khz , with intensity maxima at 1 . 3 and 2 . 6 khz . call is repeated after intervals of at least about 30 seconds . similar calls were heard at andasibe .
breeding takes place in slow - moving streams ( andreone et al . 2008 ) .
andreone , f . , vallan , d . , and nussbaum , r . ( 2008 ) .
. in : iucn 2008 . 2008 iucn red list of threatened species . www . iucnredlist . org . downloaded on 29 april 2009 .
miguel vences and frank glaw ( m . vences at tu - bs . de ) , assistant professor and curator of vertebrates at the institute for biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics in the zoological museum at the university of amsterdam .
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed jul 9 , 2018 .
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed 9 jul 2018 .
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peracca ' s madagascar frog ( frank and ramus , 1995 , compl . guide scient . common names amph . rept . world : 101 ) .
holotype redescribed by andreone , glaw , vences , and vallan , 1998 , herpetol . j . , 8 : 152 . glaw and vences , 2007 , field guide amph . rept . madagascar , ed . 3 : 206 - 207 , provided an account .
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this species ranges widely in northern , eastern and central madagascar from . . .
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amphibian species of the world : an online reference v5 . 3 , database ( version 5 . 3 )
frost , darrel r . 2009 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 5 . 3 ( 12 february , 2009 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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living within fallen palm leaves : the discovery of an unknown blommersia ( mantellidae : anura ) reveal . . .
field observations on some dwarf chameleons ( brookesia spp . ) from rainforest areas of madagascar , wi . . .
six species of brookesia dwarf chameleons were recorded during two rainforest expeditions in madagascar . one of these is described as a new species brookesia valerieae based on the arrangement of the nine pairs of dorso - lateral spines , the lack of a pelvic shield , and dorsal chevron markings . observations were made on the defence and roosting behaviours shown by these six species . aspects . . . [ show full abstract ]
gephyromantis tricinctus guibé , 1947 ( anura : ranidae : mantellinae ) , known only from the type series and currently considered as a synonym of mantidactylus biporus , is resurrected as mantidactylus tricinctus , and included in the subgenus brygoomantis . a detailed redescription , based on specimens recently collected in central eastern madagascar , notes on natural history , and a description of . . . [ show full abstract ]
applications of ecological niche modeling for species delimitation : a review and empirical evaluatio . . .
although the systematic utility of ecological niche modeling is generally well known ( e . g . , concerning the recognition and discovery of areas of endemism for biogeographic analyses ) , there has been little discussion of applications concerning species delimitation , and to date , no empirical evaluation has been conducted . however , ecological niche modeling can provide compelling evidence for . . . [ show full abstract ]
a new phytotelmic species of platypelis ( microhylidae : cophylinae ) from the betampona reserve , easte . . .
we describe a new arboreal and diminutive species of the genus platypelis from the réserve naturelle intégrale n . 1 de betampona , one of the last low - altitude rainforest fragments of eastern madagascar . p . karenae sp . nov . is a phytotelmic species , living among leaves of pandanus spp . and those of a herbaceous plant of the genus crinum . amongst species of comparable size , the new species is . . . [ show full abstract ]
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c . michael hogan selected
madagascar subhumid forests habitat
to show in overview on
hapalemur aureus meier , albignac , peyriéras , rumpler and wright , 1987
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar subhumid forests habitat
and
prolemur simus
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar subhumid forests habitat
and
liopholidophis sexlineatus günther 1882
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar subhumid forests habitat
and
liopholidophis grandidieri mocquard 1904
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar subhumid forests habitat
and
pseudoxyrhopus ankafinaensis raxworthy & nussbaum 1994
.
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taxonomy - ontology - tool / amphibiaweb . txt at master · nescent / taxonomy - ontology - tool · github
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listed as endangered because its extent of occurrence ( eoo ) is 1 , 883 km 2 , all individuals are in fewer than five locations , and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat in southeastern madagascar .
this species is known from andohahela national park and manantantely in extreme southeastern madagascar . it has been recorded from 300 - 600 m asl and its extent of occurrence ( eoo ) is 1 , 883 km 2 .
it is thought to be locally moderately common . however , due to ongoing declines in the extent and quality of habitat , the population is suspected to be decreasing .
it lives in crevices among boulders and rocky areas in pristine forest , usually close to flowing waters , and does not survive in secondary or degraded areas . its breeding biology is unknown , though it possibly takes place in water flowing among rocks .
the major threat to this species is habitat loss due to subsistence agriculture , timber extraction , charcoal manufacture , the invasive spread of eucalyptus , livestock grazing , and expanding human settlements .
conservation actions it occurs in andohahela national park . conservation needed improved protection and management of its habitat is required , including inside the boundaries of protected areas . research needed further work is required to better understand its population size , distribution , and trends , and its life history and ecology .
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humid forests in the anosy mountains from andohahela and manantantely , southeastern madagascar , 600 - 800 m elevation .
, but smaller and nearly without dermal flaps and fringes . females unknown . other characters see next section .
hand without web ; webbing of the foot 1 ( 0 . 5 ) , 2i ( 1 ) , 2e ( 0 . 25 ) , 3i ( 1 . 25 ) , 3e ( 0 . 25 ) , 4i / e ( 1 . 5 ) , 5 ( 1 ) . skin on the back granular . tubercles are present on the back , on the head , and on the eyes . on the posterior edge of foot and tarsus 8 - 9 small tubercles can be recognized . slightly distinct tubercles on the heels . only slight longitudinal furrows between the eyes .
colour in life light brown on the back , with rather irregular brown spots and larger markings , and some greenish colour . hindlegs with dark brown crossbands . some white patches are present on the flanks . underside uniformly whitish except the femurs which are marbled with brown . the bones are light green .
paratype : adult male , zfmk 57443 , from same locality as holotype . svl is 33 . 5 mm . morphological features very similar to the holotype . the general colour in life of the back and legs was mossy green ; in preservative this colour has disappeared . two distinct tubercles are present on each heel . the femoral glands measure 10x3 . 5 mm .
benavony , manongarivo , tsaratanana ( antsahamanara campsite ) . it occurs between 200 - 1 , 100m asl in streams near primary forest but not secondary habitats ( raxworthy and glaw 2008 ) .
habits : calling males were found in march along a brook in primary forest about 2 m above the ground . calling activity had a peak at dusk , starting before 17 h and was nearly finished at 19 . 30 h .
calls : a single pulsed note , consisting of a minimum of two pulses , but sometimes with more pulses , loud but not very conspicuous , and less “metallic” in appearance than in other species of the group .
it might occur in the réserve spéciale de manongarivo and réserve naturelle intégrale du tsaratanana ( raxworthy and glaw 2008 ) .
adults 50 - 60 mm . tibiotarsal articulation reaches the nostril . hand without webbing , foot webbing 1 ( 0 . 5 ) , 2i ( 1 ) , 2e ( 1 ) , 3i ( 2 ) , 3e ( 1 ) , 4i / e ( 2 ) , 5 ( 0 . 5 ) . dorsal skin smooth . colour dorsally light brown with distinct rounded dark brown patches that are delimited by a white or yellow line . males with distinct , prominent dark femoral glands ; shape and size of vocal sac unknown . similar species : mainly
andohahela , andohariana , chaines anosyennes , andringitra ( cuvette boby , imaitso forest ) , ivohibe , maharira summit ( ranomafana ) . it occurs between 1 , 350 - 2 , 500m asl along rocky outcrops in forested zones and above tree line ( cadle and raxworthy 2008 ) .
habits : a species restricted to high elevations , occurring among large boulders or in small caves above the tree - line or in rainforest above 1200 m elevation . at andringitra , subadults can be found hidden under rocks at high elevations above the tree line . males call from within caves and cavities during day and night . very large blackish tadpoles develop in streams .
calls : a very soft and inconspicuous sound for such a relatively large frog , reminding the dripping of water .
breeding takes place in streams . it takes at least a year for the tadpoles to begin metamorphosis ( cadle and raxworthy 2008 ) .
, its distribution is severely fragmented , and there is a continuing decline in the extent and quality of its forest habitat . it occurs in parc national de ranomafana , parc national d ' andringitra , parc national d ' andohahela , and probably parc national de midongy du sud ( cadle and raxworthy 2008 ) .
. in : iucn 2008 . 2008 iucn red list of threatened species . www . iucnredlist . org . downloaded on 05 may 2009 .
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1 . forest - > 1 . 6 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist lowland suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes 1 . forest - > 1 . 9 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist montane suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 1 . wetlands ( inland ) - permanent rivers / streams / creeks ( includes waterfalls ) suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes
1 . residential & commercial development - > 1 . 1 . housing & urban areas
2 . agriculture & aquaculture - > 2 . 1 . annual & perennial non - timber crops - > 2 . 1 . 1 . shifting agriculture
2 . agriculture & aquaculture - > 2 . 1 . annual & perennial non - timber crops - > 2 . 1 . 2 . small - holder farming
2 . agriculture & aquaculture - > 2 . 3 . livestock farming & ranching - > 2 . 3 . 2 . small - holder grazing , ranching or farming
5 . biological resource use - > 5 . 3 . logging & wood harvesting - > 5 . 3 . 5 . motivation unknown / unrecorded
8 . invasive and other problematic species , genes & diseases - > 8 . 1 . invasive non - native / alien species / diseases - > 8 . 1 . 2 . named species
blommers - schlösser , r . m . a . 1979 . biosystematics of the malagasy frogs . i . mantellinae ( ranidae ) . beaufortia 29 ( 352 ) : 1 - 77 .
blommers - schlösser , r . m . a . and blanc , c . p . 1991 . amphibiens ( première partie ) . fauna de madagascar 75 : 1 - 379 .
glaw , f . and vences , m . 1994 . a fieldguide to the amphibians and reptiles of madagascar . second edition . zoologisches forschungsinstitut und museum alexander koenig , bonn .
glaw , f . and vences , m . 2007 . a fieldguide to the amphibians and reptiles of madagascar . third edition . vences & glaw verlag , cologne .
iucn . 2016 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2016 - 1 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 30 june 2016 ) .
rabearivony , j . , raselimanana , a . p . , andriamazava , m . a . , thorstrom , r . and rene de roland , l - a . 2010 . a new locality for the endangered microhylid frog scaphiophryne boribory from northern madagascar and a rapid survey of other amphibians of the bemanevika region . herpetology notes 3 : 105 - 109 .
raxworthy , c . j . and nussbaum , r . a . 1996 . amphibians and reptiles of andringitra massif : a study of elevational distribution and local endemicity . fieldiana zoology 85 : 158 - 170 .
the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2018 - 1 . < urltoken > . downloaded on 09 july 2018 .
a small conspicuously coloured frog ; males 22 - 23 mm , females 25 - 28 mm . colour in life unknown . in preservative , dorsum brownish with distinct dark spots , flanks darker with light spots . dorsal surface of legs white with distinct narrow black bands . venter white with dark spots , which are more or less circular on the throat and become more oblong towards the abdomen . skin smooth . nostrils nearer to tip of snout than to the eye . tympanum very distinct , about 1 / 2 of eye diameter . tibiotarsal articulation reaches the eye . lateral metatarsalia partly connected . webbing rudimentary . fingers with terminal disks . oblong femoral glands clearly visible in males .
similar species : colouration is unique . morphology is similar to the m . wittei - complex .


melanella cinca is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family eulimidae .

the species is one of many species known to exist within the genus , melanella .

melanella cinca

the following term was not found in genome : melanella cinca [ orgn ] .
melanella conoidalis ( sowerby , 1865 ) : synonym of melanella cumingi ( a . adams , 1851 )
melanella indeflexa ( a . adams , 1861 ) : synonym of melanella dufresnei ( bodwich , 1822 )
melanella kyurokusimensis nomura & hatai , 1960 : synonym of melanella odontoidea ( a . adams , 1861 )
melanella luchuana ( pilsbry , 1901 ) : synonym of melanella cuspidata ( a . adams , 1851 )
melanella candida ( marrat , 1880 ) : synonym of melanella martinii ( a . adams in sowerby , 1854 )
melanella jamaicensis ( c . b . adams , 1845 ) : synonym of melanella eburnea ( mühlfeld , 1824 )
v . 70 1927 - proceedings of the united states national museum . - biodiversity heritage library
a collection of birds from the provinces of yunnan and szechwan , china , made for the national geographic society by dr . joseph f . rock
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type locality : albatross sta . 2668 , off fernandina , florida [ actually off georgia ] , 30°58 ' n , 79°38 ' w , 294 fathoms
small shells from dredgings off the southeast coast of the united states by the united states fisheries steamer ' albatross ' in 1885 and 1886 proceedings of the united states national museum 70 ( 2667 ) 1 - 134 .
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, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the family .
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( a . adams in h . & a . adams , 1853 - 58 )
( a . adams , 1854 in h . & a . adams , 1853 - 58 )
warén a . ( 1984 ) a generic revision of the family eulimidae ( gastropoda , prosobranchia ) . journal of molluscan studies suppl . 13 : 1 - 96 . page ( s ) : 54
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 180 - 213
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setoeolis inconspicua is a species of sea slug , specifically an aeolid nudibranch .

it is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family facelinidae .

it is the only species in the genus setoeolis baba & hamatani , 1965 .

setoeolis inconspicua

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echizen - coast wakasa bay , japan , 4 m , 10 july 2002 . upper : approx 17mm long . , lower : approx 12mm long . photos : jun imamoto .
from the photos on the forum this is quite variable in colour . one consistent feature appears to be the ceratal colouration with a subapical yellow band , below which is a transparent region through which the dark brown or reddish brown tip of the digestive gland duct can be seen , then below this a blue or bluish - purple band . below this band the cerata wall can be transparent , or have scattered white patches or be almost completely covered in white dusting .
references : • baba , k . ( 1938 ) opisthobranchia of kii , middle japan . journal of the department of agriculture . kyusyu imperial university , 6 ( 1 ) : 1 - 19 . • baba , k . & hamatani , i . ( 1965 ) the anatomy of sakuraeolis enosimensis ( baba , 1930 ) , n . g . ( = hervia ceylonica ( ? ) eliot , 1913 ) ( nudibranchia - eolidoidea ) . publications of the seto marine biological laboratory , 13 ( 2 ) : 103 - 113 , pls . viii - x
osezaki , izu peninsula , suruga bay , japan depth : 10m , water temperature : 19c degrees . size : about 20mm . 11 may 2002
dear jun , this animal lacks most of the opaque orange pigmentation on the body wall but otherwise would seem to be the same . it certainly shows the characteristic colour bands on the cerata . best wishes , bill rudman
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pseudochazara droshica is a species of butterfly in the nymphalidae family .

it is found from drosh , southern chitral and in the shandur pass in north-east chitral .

pseudochazara droshica

pseudochazara droshica rajevskyi tshikolovets , 1996 ; j . ukr . ent . soc . 2 ( 2 ) : 39
droshica ( tytler , 1926 ) ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 31 : 256
encyclopedia of life pseudochazara aristonicus fruhstorfer 1911 . pseudochazara atambegi wyatt & omoto 1966 . pseudochazara augustini weiss 1980 . pseudochazara aurantiaca staudinger 1871 . pseudochazara badachshana wyatt & omoto 1966 . pseudochazara baltistana holik 1949 . — “pseudochazara - encyclopedia of life” ,
pseudochazara de lesse 1951 . andrew v . z . brower . click on an image to view larger version & data in pseudochazara hippolyte . pseudochazara kanishka . pseudochazara lehana . pseudochazara lydia . — “pseudochazara” ,
pseudochazara . de lesse 1951 . pseudochazara is a genus of butterflies within the pseudochazara alpina ( staudinger , 1878 ) pseudochazara amalthea . — “pseudochazara - wikipedia , the free encyclopedia” ,
nw173 - 12 pseudochazara atlantis . by pavel matos on 12 feb 2009 . nw173 by pavel matos on 25 jan 2009 . nw172 - 26 pseudochazara droshica ( ? ) by pavel matos on 25 jan . — “pseudochazara : on nsg ' s voucher db” , urltoken
pseudochazara atlantis pseudochazara atlantis ( austaut , 1905 ) moroccan grayling . genus : pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 original genus : satyrus latreille , . — “pseudochazara atlantis” , urltoken
white banded grayling , pseudochazara anthelea - matt rowlings ' s european butterflies . — “pseudochazara anthelea” ,
pseudochazara anthelea . anthelea . a - m . €5 . 00 . turkey . satyridae . pseudochazara anthelea pseudochazara anthelea . anthelea . a - f . €7 . 50 . greece , crete . satyridae . pseudochazara anthelea . — “the insect collector satyridae ( pseudochazara - q ) ” ,
this photo from the treknature travel gallery is titled ' pseudochazara mamurra photo ' . — “treknature | pseudochazara mamurra photo” ,
pseudochazara telephassa courtship courship behavior of a butterfly species pseudochazara telephassa . halveti - turkey , 22 - 05 - 2013 .
pseudochazara cingovskii . species authority : gross , 1973 . common name / s : pseudochazara cingovskii . in : iucn 2010 . iucn red list of threatened . — “pseudochazara cingovskii ( macedonian grayling ) ” ,
zur kenntnis der androkonienfelder von pseudochazara thelephassa ( geyer , 1827 ) und pseudochazara anthelea ( hübner , 1824 ) ( lepidoptera , satyridae ) .
pseudochazara hippolyte ; [ bru , 253 ] ; [ h & r ; , 148 ] ; [ bow : pl . see [ about maps ] pseudochazara hippolyte williamsi romei , 1927 ; , tl : sierra nevava , spain . — “pseudochazara” , urltoken
eine neue satyride der gattung pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 aus afghanistan ( satyridae ) .
comparison of the male genitalia and androconia of pseudochazara anthelea acamanthis ( rebel , 1916 ) from cyprus , pseudochazara anthelea anthelea ( hübner , 1924 ) from mainland turkey and pseudochazara anthelea amalthea ( frivaldsky , 1845 ) from mainland greece ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
pseudochazara kopetdaghi dubatolov , 1989 ; cheshuekrylye srednei azii , proc . zin ran 200 : 138
new discoveries of pseudochazara mamurra amymone brown , 1976 ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
wanted ! dead or alive : the tale of the brown’s grayling ( pseudochazara amymone ) .
pseudochazara nukatli ; [ bru2 ] : 221 , pl . 84 , f . 27 - 29
pseudochazara cingovskii gross , 1973 ; j . ent . gaz . 27 ( 2 ) : 88
a review of the genus pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ( lepidoptera , satyridae ) in greece .
ebay : find pseudochazara mniszechii - male - mounted butterflys in the collectibles , animals , insects butterflies , butterflies moths category on ebay . — “pseudochazara mniszechii - male - mounted butterflys - ebay” ,
moroccan grayling - pseudochazara atlantis . family : satyridae . flight the species of this genus have a europe wide distribution . they have formed into many . — “moroccan grayling - pseudochazara atlantis” , butterfly -
the lifecycle and ecology of pseudochazara amymone ( brown , 1976 ) ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
iran . khorasan north quchau , . — “nw173 - 6 pseudochazara pelopea on flickr - photo sharing ! ” ,
lepidopterology - e - museum - pseudochazara orestes de prins & van der poorten , 1981 balkan endemic , confined to some mountains of n greece and s bulgaria . — “lepidopterology | e - museum | pseudochazara orestes de prins” ,
pseudochazara anthelea 3630 - 12 - 2010 cz : okáč uk : white - banded tawny rockbrown nl : witbandheremiet tk : anadolu yalanci cadisi pseudochazara anthelea 3630 - 12 - 2010 cz : okáč uk : white - banded tawny rockbrown nl : witbandheremiet tk : anadolu yalanci cadisi . — “pseudochazara anthelea 3630 - 12 - 2010 cz : okáč uk : white - banded” ,
pseudochazara mamurra ; [ h & r ; ] , 149 ; [ bow ] : pl . 8 , f . 16
pseudochazara nukatli bogdanov , 2000 ; helios 1 : 111 ; tl : verkhny gunib . nukatl ' mts . , 2000m , daghestan
list of samples of the genus pseudochazara included in the barcoding analysis ( either own samples with “la” id or from bold ) .
a quantitative description of the male genitalia of 23 taxa of pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
1986 ) , one colony in a single utm 10 x 10 km grid , and of pseudochazara hippolyte 1986 ) , in einem 10 x 10 km utm - raster , und von pseudochazara hippolyte . — “new localities for polyommatus sagratrox ( aistleitner , 1986” , usuarios3
pseudochazara porphyritica clench & shoumatoff , 1956 ; vidensk . medd . dansk naturh . forening 118 : 148 ; tl : panjao , 2500m
pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ; rev . franç . lépid . 13 ( 3 / 4 ) : 42 ; ts : hipparchia pelopea klug
pseudochazara pakistana gross , 1978 ; atalanta 9 : 63 , f . 23 ; tl : ziarat , [ nw . baluchistan , pakistan ]
pseudochazara daghestana holik , 1955 ; z . lep . : 176 , pl . 10 , f . 1 , 2 , 5 , 6
pseudochazara lehana riegeri tshikolovets , 2005 ; butterflies of ladak : 105 , pl . 22 , f . 10 - 12 , 14 - 16
pseudochazara is a palearctic genus with its center of diversity in central asia and the caucasus . the range of one widespread species p . hyppolyte
pseudochazara mniszechii watsoni clench & shoumatoff , 1956 ; vidensk . medd . dansk naturh . forening 118 : 148 ; tl : kotal pass , 3800m
pseudochazara atlantis ; [ h & r ; ] , 148 ; [ bmat ] : 77 , pl . 25 , f . 1 - 15
phylum : arthropoda • classis : insecta • subclassis : pterygota • infraclassis : neoptera • superordo : endopterygota • ordo : lepidoptera • familia : nymphalidae • subfamilia : satyrinae • tribus : satyrini • genus : pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 . subcategories . — “category : pseudochazara - wikimedia commons” ,
pseudochazara atlantis benderi weiss , 1979 ; entomops 48 : 273 - 274 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : dj . lakraa ( morocco )
descriptions of wing androconia from some pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) type specimens in the natural history museum , london .
frequency distribution of pairwise intra - and interspecific p - distances of the coi sequences in the genus pseudochazara . no “barcoding gap” exists between these two data series .
it is important to note that the average genetic distance between two geographically separated subspecies , pseudochazara anthelea anthelea from asia minor and neighbouring islands , and pseudochazara anthelea amalthea from the balkan peninsula was 1 . 5 % . this result is indicative for differentiation into distinct species as predicted by kudrna et al . ( 2011 ) .
identität , verbreitung und subspezifische gliederung von pseudochazara lydia ( staudinger , 1878 ) ( lepidoptera , satyridae ) . nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f .
further descriptions of androconia from staudinger’s pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) type specimens in the zoologisches museum der humboldt - universität zu berlin .
le genre pseudochazara de lesse en europe et en afrique du nord . description d’une sous - espèce nouvelle de ps . hippolyte esper ( lep . : satyridae ) .
pseudochazara is a palearctic genus with its center of diversity in central asia and the caucasus . the range of one widespread species p . hyppolyte extends west to spain .
? pseudochazara daghestana zangezura nekrutenko , 1989 ; vestn . zool . 1989 ( 1 ) : 16 ; tl : nakhichevan assr , mts zangezur , bitshenek , 2100 - 2300
a quantitative description of androconia from staudinger’s pseudochazara de lesse , 1951 ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) type specimens in the zoological museum of the humboldt university of berlin .
information on species of hesperiidae occurring in the former ussr , including , type locality , synonyms , range , distribution and variation , taxonomic notes , habitat and biology , similar species , and photo of adults pseudochazara beroe rhena ( herrich - schaffer , 1852 ) . — “satyridae , pseudochazara beroe ( herrich - schaffer , [ 1844 ] ) ” ,
pseudochazara kanishka aussem , 1980 ; nota lepid . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 8 ; tl : afghanistan , prov . samangan , tang - e - tashqurghan , 500m
description of wing androconia from the lectotype of pseudochazara caucasica ( lederer , 1864 ) ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) , with notes on the topotype wing androconia of related taxa .
die verbreitung und subspezifische gliederung von pseudochazara mamurra ( herrich - schäffer , [ 1846 ] ) ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) . nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f .
given the high resolution of the basal clades within the coi gene tree , the lack of differentiation between taxa within the ‘ mamurra ’ and ‘ pelopea ’ group was unexpected . in particular , species like pseudochazara geyeri and pseudochazara daghestana are among the most easily recognisable species in the genus with uniform and very distinct wing patterns / coloration . there are several possible hypotheses to explain this lack of differentiation :
notes on the taxonomic status and supposed biogeographic affinity of the pseudochazara anthelea ( hübner , [ 1824 ] ) populations from kípros ( cyprus ) and from the greek island of kós ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae satyrinae ) .
verovnik r , wiemers m ( 2016 ) species delimitation in the grayling genus pseudochazara ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae , satyrinae ) supported by dna barcodes . zookeys 600 : 131–154 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 600 . 7798
description of androconia in the palaearctic asian pseudochazara baldiva ( moore , 1865 ) butterfly species - group ( nymphalidae : satyrinae ) with designation of two lectotypes and reference to type and other material in the natural history museum , london .
phylogeny of pseudochazara species derived from the barcoding gene coi using bayesian inference analysis . values on major branches are bayesian posterior probabilities . branches with support lower than 50 % were collapsed manually . branch names combine taxon name and sample id ( see appendix 1 ) . nomenclature follows lukhtanov ( 2007 ) .
“and also colias phicomone , colias erate , colias palaeno europomene , pseudochazara hippolyte ( a - ) , junonia villica goto : forum list•message list•search•log in . your name : your email : subject : spam prevention : please , enter the code that you see” — rusinsects forum : : lepidoptera : : parnassius , agrias , colias ,
“aeshna cyanea female dragonfly . i ' ve visited only once this beautiful island ( rhodos ) before a few years , for some interesting and rare rhopalocera , like pelopidas thrax ( hesperiidae ) , pseudochazara anthelea anthelea ( brown form female , satyridae ) etc , but didn ' t see this species of anax” — forum - aeshna cyanea female dragonfly ,
new data regarding the geographical distribution of pseudochazara graeca in greece , with notes about its wing coloration , the status of its ssp . coutsisi ( = zagoriensis ) , as well as the supposed correlation between the hw underside ground colour and the geological character of the habitat in both p . graeca and hyponephele lycaon ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
depending on which systematic order of classification is adhered to , the genus pseudochazara comprises 27–32 species of graylings ( gross 1978 , lukhtanov 2007 , savela 2015 ) . it has a wide distribution in the palaearctic region from north africa to the himalayas and mongolia ( tennent 1996 , tshikolovets 2005 , yakovlev 2012 ) . in addition to vague species delimitation , large intraspecific variation has resulted in the description of over 100 subspecific taxa ( lukhtanov 2007 ) in this intensively studied taxon .
es , asia minor , s . russia - tian - shan , mongolia . see [ maps ]
papilio hippolyte esper , 1783 ; die schmett . th . i , bd . 2 ( 8 ) : 164 , pl . 84 , f . 4 [ ? ] ; tl : s . russia
742x500 ( ~ 90kb ) underside a dry delta [ sair ] of the shivilig - khem river descending from the east tannu - ola mountain range being a northern border of the ubsu - nur hollow , tes - khem district , the southern tuva rapublic , s siberia , russia . 16th july 1990 , photo © oleg kosterin
hippolyte dorriesi ( bang - haas , 1933 ) ( satyrus ) ; ent . z . 47 ( 12 ) : 98
1200x1200 ( ~ 262kb ) underside russia , siberia , tyva republic , the hills on the ulug - khem river right bank at city kyzyl , 51°43 ' n 94°24 ' e , alt . 650 - 700 m , dry stony steppe . 9 / vii 2000 , photo © oleg kosterin
810x540 ( ~ 58kb ) sierra maria , prov . almería , spain , august 1989 , photo © enrique garcia - barros
pallida ( staudinger , 1901 ) ; in staudinger & rebel , cat . lepid . palaearct . faunengeb . , 1 : 55 ; tl : e . altai
hipparchia euxina kuznetsov , 1909 ; ann . mus . zool . st . - pétersb . 14 : 141 , pl . 3 , f . 1 - 6 ; tl : crimea
afghanistan - middle asia ( mountains ) - sw . altai . see [ maps ]
satyrus lehana var . turkestana grum - grshimailo , 1893 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 27 : 384 ; tl : tian - shan
nw . himalaya , w . hindu kush - w . pamirs . see [ maps ]
lebanon , syria , asia minor , e . turkey , caucasus , kopet - dagh . see [ maps ]
hipparchia pelopea klug , 1832 ; in ehrenberg , symbolae phys . , ins . 3 : 1 , pl . 29 , f . 5 - 8 ; tl :
monte libano syriae prope arissam
, [ lebanon ]
satyrus pelopea schahrudensis staudinger , 1881 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 16 : 69 ; tl : elburs mts . , iran
satyrus mamurra herrich - schäffer , [ 1846 ] ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 1 ( 13 ) : ( ii ) f . 314 - 315
satyrus pelopea var . alpina staudinger , 1878 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 14 : 281 ; tl :
kurusch im nordöstlichen caucasus . . 3000m
satyrus olga gerhard , 1882 ; berl . ent . zs . 26 ( 1 ) : 127
asia minor - s . transcaucasia , elburs mts . - kopet - dagh . see [ maps ]
beroe ( herrich - schäffer , [ 1844 ] ) ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 1 ( 4 ) : 74 , ( 5 ) ( ii ) pl . 23 , f . 108 - 111 ; tl : stambul and bursa , turkey
satyrus mamurra schakuhensis staudinger , 1881 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 16 : 70 ; tl : shahkuh mt . range , elburs mts . , iran
sw . georgia , asia minor , baluchistan - simla hills . see [ maps ]
eumenis mniszechii herrich - schäffer , [ 1852 ] ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 1 ( 54 ) : ( ii ) f . 577 - 579 ; tl : central turkey
larva on poa annua , p . pratensis [ bru ] , hesselbarth et al , 1995
satyrus pelopea var . caucasica lederer , 1864 ; wien . ent . monats . 8 ( 5 ) : 168 . pl . 3 , f . 5
satyrus geyeri herrich - schäffer , [ 1851 ] ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 6 ( 48 ) : 13 ; tl : mt . ararat , turkey
asia minor , iran , iraq , syria , transcaucasia , kopet - dagh - afghanistan - baluchistan . see [ maps ]
eumenis thelephassa geyer , [ 1827 ] ; samml . exot . schmett . 2 : pl . [ 85 ] , f . 1 - 4
satyrus anthelea schawerdae fruhstorfer , 1908 ; ent . zs . 22 ( 30 ) : 121 ; tl : herzegovina , lastoa
baldiva ( moore , 1865 ) ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 2 ) : 499
hipparchia lehana moore , 1878 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 1 ( 3 ) : 227 ; tl : leh , kharbu ( 13000ft ) , ladak
minois mniszechi lehana ; fruhstorfer , 1908 , int . ent . zs . 2 ( 2 ) : 10 ( note )
graeca ( staudinger , 1870 ) ; horae soc . ent . ross . 7 ( 1870 ) : 70 ; tl : mt . parnassus and taygetos mts .
satyrus mamurra var . lydia staudinger , 1878 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 14 : 281
satyrus mamummra var . obscura staudinger , 1878 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 14 : 282
satyrus pelopea var . kirgisa gerhard , 1882 ; berl . ent . zs . 26 ( 1 ) : 127
the dates of e . j . c . esper ' s die schmetterlinge in abblidungen . . . 1776 - [ 1830 ] ; archives of natural history ( 1981 ) 10 ( 2 ) : 251 - 254
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
lepidoptera rhopalocera ( insecta ) from afghanistan . the 3rd danish expedition to central asia ( zoological results 21 )
histoire naturelle des lépidoptèrs ou papillons de france - supplement . diurnes in godart ,
die schmetterlinge in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen . theil i . die tagschmetterlinge . fortsetzung . band 2
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , 1843 ( - 1855 ) , die tagfalter
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , sechter un letzter band , 1843 - 1856
( 1 ) : ( i ) pl . i ( 1843 ) , ( 3 ) : ( i ) i - ii , pl . ii - iv ( 1844 ) , ( 6 ) : ( i ) pl . v ( 1844 ) , ( 7 ) : ( i ) pl . vi ( 1844 ) , ( 8 ) : ( i ) iii - x , pl . vii - viii ( 1844 ) , ( 9 ) : ( i ) pl . ix - xi ( 1844 ) , ( 11 ) : ( i ) pl . xii ( 1845 ) , ( 13 ) : ( i ) xi - xiv , pl . xiii - xiv ( 1846 ) , ( 17 ) : ( i ) pl . xvi ( 1846 ) , ( 22 ) : ( ii ) pl . i - iii ( 1847 ) , ( 35 ) : ( i ) pl . xv ( 1848 ) , ( 36 ) : ( i ) pl . xvii - xix ( 1848 ) , ( 37 ) : ( i ) pl . xx ( 1849 ) , ( ? 38 ) : ( i ) xv - xviii ( 1849 ) , ( 38 ) : ( i ) pl . xxi - xxii ( 1849 ) , ( 40 ) : ( ii ) i - ii - iv , pl . iv - ix ( 1849 ) , ( 48 ) : [
- 36 ( 1852 ) , ( 60 ) : ( ii ) v - viii , pl . x - xiv ( iv ) 37 - 40 ( 1853 ) , ( 65 ) : ( iv )
sammlung exotischer schmetterlinge , vol . 2 ( [ 1819 ] - [ 1827 ] )
divisions génériques et subgénériques des anciens genres satyrus et eumenis ( s . l . )
list of diurnal lepidoptera collected by capt . a . m . lang in the n . w . himalayas
descriptions of lepidopterous insects collected the late dr . f . stoliczka during the indian - government mission to yarkund in 1873
wyatt , 1952 einige neue tagfalterformen aus marokko zs . wiener ent . ges . 37 : 173 - 175
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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ssp . atambegi wyatt & omoto , 1966 – “bala quaran , anjuman valley , badachshan at 2 , 900 – 3 , 200 mtrs . ” ;
wyatt & omoto , 1966 – “north badachshan , shiva mts , afghanistan
at 1 , 800 - 2 , 800 mtrs . ;
ssp . rajevskyi tshikolovets , 1996 - tadzhikistan , pamir , severo - alichursky mts . , 5 km eastern of kishlak bargadiv , 3000 mtrs .
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2 ufz – helmholtz - centre for environmental research , department of community ecology , theodor - lieser - str . 4 , 06120 halle , germany
this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license ( cc by 4 . 0 ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
the main reason for the extensive variation in phenotype can be linked with the specific ecological requirements of these butterflies . they are mostly petrophilous and limited to specific rock substrate to which they are perfectly adapted with their camouflaged underside wing pattern and cryptic coloration . local adaptation to mimic the coloration of the rock substrate is , therefore , one of the main drivers for such large scale diversification ( lorković 1974 , weiss 1980 , hesselbarth et al . 1995 , tennent 1996 , but see anastassiu et al . 2009 ) .
there has been no attempt to reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus or validate species status using molecular markers . only the taxonomic position within subtribe satyrina and a sister relationship to chazara has been established ( peña et al . 2011 ) .
total genomic dna was extracted from single legs , following the mammalian tissue preparation protocol ( genelute mammalian genomic dna miniprep kit from sigma - aldrich ) . for each sample a 657 bp fragment of the first subunit of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase ( coi ) was amplified using primers lco1490 and hco2198 ( folmer et al . 1994 ) . amplification followed a standard protocol described in verovnik et al . ( 2004 ) . pcr products were visualized on an agarose gel to verify amplification success and sequenced by macrogen in both directions on an applied biosystems 3730xl sequencer .
no insertions or deletions were observed in the mitochondrial coi gene and therefore the alignment was unambiguous . for the coi dataset 63 unique haplotypes among 108
sequences were detected . 114 ( 17 . 5 % ) sites were variable and 95 ( 14 . 6 % ) were parsimony informative . the average interspecific genetic distance was 4 . 9 % , but in the case of
the intraspecific diversity ranged from 0 to 6 . 7 % with highly distinct divergent sequences of
. no evident barcoding gap was observed separating intraspecific from interspecific pairwise genetic distances ( fig .
. on the other hand , 82 % of species comparisons showed high ( ≥2 % ) interspecific distances .
statistical parsimony network of the ‘ pelopea ’ species group . coloured circles represent coi haplotypes and their size corresponds to the number of samples per haplotype . small white circles represent unsampled haplotypes .
statistical parsimony network of the ‘ mamurra ’ species group . coloured circles represent coi haplotypes and their size corresponds to the number of samples per haplotype . small white circles represent unsampled haplotypes .
) , confirms the monophyly of the genus . high posterior probability values support a basal position of
, the only species of the genus present in ( and confined to ) north africa . this is somewhat surprising as
is also distinctive according to the tcs analysis and forms a separate network . in addition , the second basal split within
’ clades received high support . we present the results for these clades separately :
this group , which forms a distinct network in the tcs analysis ( fig .
, in particular the latter , with much wider and more pronounced orange submarginal bands on their forewings .
despite superficial resemblance in wing patterns and coloration . in fact , it is closely related to two other local endemics from the balkan peninsula ,
, so our preliminary results do not support its current status as a separate species . within this clade
from southern spain appears basally , however with low posterior probability and it is not monophyletic . all other described subspecies (
statistical parsimony network of the ‘ hippolyte ’ species group . coloured circles represent coi haplotypes and their size corresponds to the number of samples per haplotype . small white circles represent unsampled haplotypes .
’ group , indicating their close relationship , but with a separate network for each in the tcs analysis . all other sequences form a single network ( fig .
’ group is monophyletic , and includes several well - defined species ( in terms of wing patterns , androconia and genitalia ) with identical or very similar haplotypes . the following taxa could not be distinguished based on coi haplotypes as they do not form separate monophyletic clades :
, so their position within this group is tentative . however , it is clear that
with which it shares similarities e . g . the shape of the androconia (
and they appear closely related , however , this is again based on the inclusion of a single sequence .
– incomplete lineage sorting : recent speciation could result in unresolved relationships among these closely related species ; however , well - defined species borders in terms of constant wing pattern differentiation coupled with broad overlaps in species ranges challenges this hypothesis .
– pseudogenes or wolbachia infections : both are common in invertebrates , particularly in arthropods ( bensasson et al . 2011 , gerth et al . 2014 , leite 2012 , ritter et al . 2013 ) . as the vast majority of the haplotypes in the ‘ mamurra ’ and ‘ pelopea ’ clades originate from the bold database it is impossible to check or correct for this potential error .
russia : north ossetia - alania , rv . ardon , skasan , 1850 m
s . montagud , j . a . garcia - alama & j . garcia
bensasson d , zhang x , hartl dl , hewitt gm . ( 2011 )
problems with dna barcodes for species delimitation : ‘ten species’ of astraptes fulgerator reassessed ( lepidoptera : hesperiidae ) .
in : settele j , shreeve tg , konvicka m , van dyck h . ( eds )
dinca v , zakharov ev , hebert pdn , vila r . ( 2011 )
complete dna barcode reference library for a country’s butterfly fauna reveals high performance for temperate europe .
folmer om , black m , hoeh r , lutz r , vrijehoek r . ( 1994 )
dna primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i from diverse metazoan invertebrates .
garcia - castellanos d , estrada f , jiménez - munt i , gorini c , fernàndez m , vergés j , de vicente r . ( 2009 )
gascoigne - pees m , verovnik r , franeta f , popović m . ( 2014 )
gerth m , gansauge mt , weigert a , bleidorn c . ( 2014 )
gompert z , forister ml , fordyce ja , nice cc . ( 2008 )
widespread mito - nuclear discordance with evidence for introgressive hybridization and selective sweeps in lycaeides .
hebert pdn , penton eh , burns jm , janzen dh , hallwachs w . ( 2004 )
ten species in one : dna barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly astraptes fulgerator .
phylogeny and biogeography of coenonympha butterflies ( nymphalidae : satyrinae ) – patterns of colonization in the holarctic .
kreuzinger aj , fiedler k , letsch h , grill a . ( 2014 )
tracing the radiation of maniola ( nymphalidae ) butterflies : new insights from phylogeography hint at one single incompletely differentiated species complex .
kudrna o , harpke a , lux k , pennerstorfer j , schweiger o , settele j , wiemers m . ( 2011 )
die verteilung der varibilität von hipparchia statilinus hufn . ( lepid . , satyridae ) in beziehung zum karstboden des ostadratischen küstenlandes .
mitochondrial pseudogenes in insect dna barcoding : differing points of view on the same issue .
interpretation of mitochondrial diversity in terms of taxonomy : a case study of hyponephele lycaon species complex in israel ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae , satyrinae ) .
molecular systematics and phylogeny of the ‘marbled whites’ ( lepidoptera : nymphalidae , satyrinae , melanargia meigen ) .
dna barcoding reveals twelve lineages with properties of phylogenetic and biological species within melitaea didyma sensu lato ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae ) .
the radiation of satyrini butterflies ( nymphalidae : satyrinae ) : a challenge for phylogenetic methods .
ritter s , michalski sg , settele j , wiemers m , fric zf , sielezniew m , šašić m , rozier y , durka w . ( 2013 )
wolbachia infections mimic cryptic speciation in two parasitic butterfly species , phengaris teleius and p . nausithous ( lepidoptera : lycaenidae ) .
song h , buhay je , whiting mf , crandall ka . ( 2008 )
many species in one : dna barcoding overestimates the number of species when nuclear mitochondrial pseudo - genes are coamplified .
tamura k , stecher g , peterson d , filipski a , kumar s . ( 2013 )
the butterflies of ladak ( n . - w . india ) ( lepidoptera , rhopalocera ) .
verovnik r , micevski b , maes d , wynhoff i , van swaay c , warren m . ( 2013 )
verovnik r , popović m , šašić m , cuvelier s , maes d . ( 2014 )
phylogeography of subterranean and surface populations of water lice asellus aquaticus ( crustacea : isopoda ) .
wakeham - dawson a , parker r , john e , dennis rlh . ( 2003 )
does the dna barcoding gap exist ? – a case study in blue butterflies ( lepidoptera : lycaenidae ) .
checklist of butterflies ( papilionoidea ) of the mongolian altai mountains , including descriptions of new taxa .
yang z , landry j - f , handfield l , zhang y , solis ma , handfield d , scholtens bg , mutanen m , nuss m , hebert pdn . ( 2012 )
dna barcoding and morphology reveal three cryptic species of anania ( lepidoptera : crambidae : pyraustinae ) in north america , all distinct from their european counterpart .
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tuzov vk , bogdanov pv , devyatkin al , kaabak lv , korolev va , murzin vs , samodurov gd , and tarasov ea . 1997 . guide to the butterflies of russia and adjacent territories ( lepidoptera , rhopalocera ) . pensoft , sofia .
russia , siberia , tyva republic , the hills on the ulug - khem river right bank at city kyzyl , 51o43 ' n 94o24 ' e , alt . 650 - 700 m , dry stony steppe .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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this is a non - comprehensive list of larval host plants that are possibly used by the western palearctic satyrinae . there are still some butterfly species which i need to add and update but hopefully you can find what i currently have as useful .
the only difference between list a and list b is that whereas in list a the data is sorted according to the butterfly species , list b is sorted according to the host plant species . this should facilitate the usage of this data .
? – either no data is available or still unsure whether the food plant is accepted by that species .
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eulima sarsi is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family eulimidae .

the species is one of multiple known species to exist within the genus , eulima .

eulima sarsi

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : eulima sarsi k . j . bush , 1909 - id : 1821850235
eulima acerrima ( r . b . watson , 1883 ) ( taxon inquirendum )
eulima angulosa ( f . p . jousseaume in fisher - piette & nicklès , 1946 )
eulima is a genus of small , ectoparasitic sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family eulimidae . [ 1 ]
( of melanella sarsi ( bush , 1909 ) ) rosenberg , g . 2004 . malacolog version 3 . 3 . 2 : western atlantic gastropod database . the academy of natural sciences , philadelphia , pa . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of eulima intermedia sensu verrill , 1882 ) warén a . ( 2011 ) . checklist of eulimidae . pers . com . [ details ]
bouchet , p . ; gofas , s . ( 2010 ) . eulima risso , 1826 . in : bouchet , p . ; gofas , s . ; rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) world marine mollusca database . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 01 - 13
the animal shows subulate tentacles , approaching at the base , . the eyes are large and nearly sessile . the foot is truncated in front . the foot of eulima secretes a mucous filament which assists to sustain it in the water . the mentum is bilobed . the opercular lobe is winged on each side . the branchial plume is single .
[ 3 ]
warén a . ( 2011 ) . checklist of eulimidae . pers . com . [ details ]
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bush , 1909 . accessed through : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) european register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 565930 on 2018 - 07 - 09
type locality : not stated [ usfc sta . 870 , 871 , 874 , 876 , 877 , 949 ]
( linnaeus , 1758 ) , by neotype designation of warén ( 1988 ) .
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melanella delmontensis ( a . g . smith and m . gordon , 1948 )
turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .
common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
the genus appeared early in the secondary and became abundant in forms during the tertiary period .
the shell is in the form of an elongated , towering spiral , which tapers to a fine point . the aperture is ovate and entire with the peristome incomplete behind . the outer lip is thick and even . [ 2 ]
the imperforate shell is subulate , many - whorled , polished , and porcellanous its spire is usually curved or twisted to one side , bearing on one side only , a series of varices forming ribs internally and marking the position of successive mouths . the apex is acute . the aperture is oval , entire , pointed above , rounded below . the lip is simple and a little thickened . the columellar margin is reflected . the operculum is corneous and pancispiral . its nucleus is near the inner lip .
risso a . ( 1826 - 1827 ) . histoire naturelle des principales productions de l ' europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de nice et des alpes maritimes . paris , levrault : vol . 1 : xii + 448 + 1 carta [ 1826 ] . vol . 2 : vii + 482 + 8 pl . ( fiori ) [ novembre 1827 ] . vol . 3 : xvi + 480 + 14 pl . ( pesci ) [ settembre 1827 ] . vol . 4 : iv + 439 + 12 pl . ( molluschi ) [ novembre 1826 ] . vol . 5 : viii + 400 + 10 pl . ( altri invertebrati )
warén a . ( 1984 ) a generic revision of the family eulimidae ( gastropoda , prosobranchia ) . journal of molluscan studies suppl . 13 : 1 - 96 . page ( s ) : 43
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 180–213
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the shell is in the form of an elongated , towering spiral , which tapers to a fine point . the
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gellonia dejectaria , commonly called the brown evening moth , is a moth of the family geometridae , it is native to new zealand .

g. dejectaria caterpillars eat the leaves of the māhoe , supplejack and bush lawyer plants .

gellonia dejectaria

kingdom : animalia phylum : arthropoda class : insecta order : lepidoptera family : geometridae subfamily : ennominae genus : gellonia species : g . dejectaria binomial name : gellonia dejectaria common name : brown evening moth
original filename : gellonia _ dejectaria _ _ brown _ evening _ moth _ 2661x1999 . jpg ( view )
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flies , caddisflies , craneflies , damselflies dragonflies , gnats , mayflies . midges , mosquitoes
insects ( ants , beetles , bugs , cicadas , cockroaches , centipedes , crickets , grasshoppers , lacewings , ladybirds , mantis , millipedes , scale , shield bugs , stick insects , wetas , weevils , etc . ) .
reptiles ( frogs , geckos , skinks , snakes , lizards , turtles ) .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names a to f with photo .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names g to l with photo .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names m to q with photo .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names r to z with photo .
trees ( new zealand ) hebes and their hybrids & cultivars ( photos ) .
weeds & escapee plants : a to f ( common names with photo ) .
weeds & escapee plants : g to l ( common names with photo ) .
weeds & escapee plants : m to q ( common names and photo ) .
weeds & escapee plants : r to z ( common names with photo ) .
this is a moth with a 50 mm wingspan and is native to new zealand .
seen october to december . it rests with its wings widespread aligning the pattern on its wings .
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this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - no derivative works 3 . 0 new zealand license .