the rhinoceros chameleon ( furcifer rhinoceratus ) is a species of chameleon that gets its common name from its horn-like nose which is most prominent in males .

it is endemic to dry forests in madagascar .

rhinoceros chameleon

today i want to write about an amazing looking reptile , the rhinoceros chameleon .
male rhinoceros chameleon ( furcifer rhinoceratus ) . ankarafantsika national park , north west madagascar .
both the male and female rhinoceros chameleon possess a dorsal crest . this is only present on the front half of the body , and , together with the lower casque , helps distinguish the male rhinoceros chameleon from the closely related furcifer antimena and furcifer labordi . the female rhinoceros chameleon can also be differentiated from these two species by the absence of a white line down the middle of the belly ( 2 ) .
endangered rhinoceros chameleon ( furcifer rhinoceratus ) resting on a branch in rain forest in ankarafantsika , madagascar . species is threatened ( designated vulnerable ) .
kauai : there was a single sighting of a veiled chameleon in 2004 . kisc responded but was unable to recover a chameleon .
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the rhinoceros chameleon , scientifically named furcifer rhinoceratus is one of the most distinctive of the genus furcifer . it’s named for its prominent scaly horn - like nose (
the rhinoceros chameleon is endemic to the dry deciduous forest region of western madagascar , although its exact distribution within this region is poorly understood ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
little information is available on the reproductive behaviour of the rhinoceros chameleon . clutches of 4 to 11 eggs have been reported in captivity , with hatching occurring after 291 days , and the newly hatched rhinoceros chameleons weighing between 0 . 38 and 0 . 44 grams ( 2 ) .
rhinoceros chameleons are found in forests on the island of madagascar and are considered vulnerable to extinction due to habitat loss .
the rhinoceros chameleon inhabits dry deciduous forest ( 4 ) . little information is available on its precise habitat requirements , but it is reported to be commonly seen along roads and paths , as well as inhabiting the forest interior ( 2 ) .
this chameleon inhabits dry deciduous forest ( ramanamanjato and rabibisoa 2002 ) . it is not clear to what degree this species can survive in degraded habitats .
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like many madagascan chameleons , the rhinoceros chameleon is threatened by habitat loss in the form of rapid deforestation ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . significant portions of forest habitat have already been cleared , and the remaining areas are often highly fragmented , as well as being critically threatened by logging , uncontrolled burning , and clearing for grazing and agriculture ( 4 ) .
a reptilian smoking gun : first record of invasive jackson’s chameleon ( chamaeleo jacksonii ) predation on native hawaiian species . brenden s . hollandsteven l . montgomery , vincent costello . urltoken
the name
chameleon
is derived from the greek words chamai ( on the ground , on the earth ) and leon ( lion ) so their name means
earth lion .
the meller ' s chameleon is the largest of the chameleons not native to madagascar . their stout bodies can grow to be up to two feet long and weigh more than a pound .
) . contrary to popular belief , a chameleon typically does not change colors to match its surroundings . instead , color is usually used to convey emotions , defend territories , and communicate with mates .
male cryptic or blue - legged chameleon ( calumma crypticum ) rests on a branch in the wilds of madagascar ( rain forest of ranomafana ) . incredible vibrant colors at night while sleeping . foliage , tree .
meller ' s distinguish themselves from their universally bizarre - looking cousins with a single small horn protruding from the front of their snouts . this and their size earn them the common name
giant one - horned chameleon .
the male rhinoceros chameleon is greyish or brownish in colour , with dark brown or black between the scales , and a white line down the flanks . the lips are also white , and the horn is often a bluish colour . although usually similar in colouration to the male , the female changes dramatically when carrying eggs ( gravid ) . in this state , the female turns an overall neon - purple colour , with black bands on the body , extending onto the tail , which is orange or red ( 2 ) .
this species is typically larger than a jackson chameleon . they also have a large casque ( sharkfin - like shield ) on their head , as compared to the three horns of a male jackson . this species is also a pest !
issg database : ecology of chamaeleo jacksonii . urltoken images : veiled chameleon , another popular pet and illegal animal to posess in hawaiʻi . urltoken two widespread introduced reptiles : ( top ) gold day dust gecko ; ( bottom ) brown anole
processes in ecology and evolution , natural and life history , and biodiversity conservation of reptiles and amphibians . research interests include african chameleon systematics and neuroanatomy , reproductive variation in north american lizards and frogs , and ecology of snakes and turtles in artificial habitats .
in some areas malagasy fear chameleons . they are also the subject of some well - known local proverbs including “manaova toy ny dian - tana jerena ny aloha , todihina ny afara , ” which translates to
like the chameleon , one eye on the future , one eye on the past
;
ratsy karaha kandrondro ,
meaning
ugly as a chameleon
;
mahatsidia vokon ' anjava kely izy fa mafoaka ,
a warning to walk carefully so as not to step on a brookesia , which would bring great misfortune .
jacksonʻs chameleon ( chamaeleo jacksonii ) : males are generally 10 - 12” long with a long , prehensile tail accounting for half of their length , and with three horns protruding from their forehead . females are generally a little shorter and never grow horns . this species is also a pest !
have a large casque ( sharkfin - like shield ) on their head ( note that the jackson’s chameleon , c . jacksonii , is a similar and more common alien species in hawaii , although male jackson’s have three horns on their forehead ) . have a fringe running from its mouth under its body .
other easily noted characteristics of chameleons include bulging eyes that move independently of one another , feet fixed in a grasping position , and the existence of horns or crests on the heads of many species . additionally , arboreal species have prehensile tails used for grasping objects when climbing and moving . finally , some species have long extensile tongues for catching insects or small vertebrates at a distance sometimes greater than the length of the chameleon .
monoceras : madagascar ( betsako , mojanga ) ; type locality : betsako bei mojunga , n . w . madagascar
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
furcifer monoceras is most likely a synonym of f . rhinoceratus ( f . glaw , pers . comm . )
andersson , lars gabriel 1910 . reptiles and batrachians from the north - west of madagascar collected by v . kaudern , 1906 - 1907 . arkiv för zoologi 7 ( 7 ) : 1 - 15 .
boettger , o . 1913 . reptilien und amphibien von madagascar , den inseln und dem festland ostafrikas . pp . 269 - 375 . in : voeltzkow , a . reise in ostafrika in den jahren 1903 - 1905 . wissenschaftliche ergebnisse . vol . 3 . systematische arbeiten . schweizerbart’ sche verlagsbuchhandlung , nägele und sproesser , stuttgart
boettger , oskar 1893 . katalog der reptilien - sammlung im museum der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft in frankfurt am main . i . teil ( rhynchocephalen , schildkröten , krokodile , eidechsen , chamäleons ) . gebrüder knauer , frankfurt a . m . , x + 140 pp . - get paper here
brygoo , e . r . & c . a . domergue 1968 . les caméléos á rostre impair et rigide de l ' ouest de madagascar . validité des espéces chamaeleo labordi grandidier , 1872 , et c . antimena grandidier , 1872 . description d ' une espéce nouvelle c . angeli n . sp . et de la femelle de c . rhinoceratus gray , 184 mém . mus . nat . hist . nat . , paris a 52 ( 2 ) : 71 - 110
gardner cj , raxworthy cj , metcalfe k , raselimanana ap , smith rj , davies zg 2015 . comparing methods for prioritising protected areas for investment : a case study using madagascar’s dry forest reptiles . plos one 10 ( 7 ) : e0132803 , doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0132803 - get paper here
glaw , f . & vences , m . 1994 . a fieldguide to the amphibians and reptiles of madagascar . vences & glaw verlag , köln ( isbn 3 - 929449 - 01 - 3 )
glaw , f . 2015 . taxonomic checklist of chameleons ( squamata : chamaeleonidae ) . vertebrate zoology 65 ( 2 ) : 167–246 - get paper here
glaw , f . & vences , m . 2001 . ein seltenes chamäleon aus madagaskar . datz 54 ( 7 ) : 16 - 19
gray , j . e . 1843 . description of two new species of reptiles from the collection made during the voyages of h . m . s . sulphur . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 1 ) 11 : 46 - get paper here
gray , j . e . 1845 . catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the british museum . trustees of die british museum / edward newman , london : xxvii + 289 pp . - get paper here
gray , j . e . 1865 . revision of the genera and species of chamaeleonidae , with the description of some new species . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 15 : 340 - 354 - get paper here
necas , p . 2012 . chamäleons der gattung furcifer . reptilia ( münster ) 17 ( 95 ) : 20 - 27 - get paper here
necas , petr 1999 . chameleons - nature ' s hidden jewels . edition chimaira , frankfurt ; 348 pp . ; isbn 3 - 930612 - 04 - 6 ( europe ) < br / > isbn 1 - 57524 - 137 - 4 ( usa , canada )
pawlik , k . 2012 . chamäleon - urlaub – eine madagaskar - reise . reptilia ( münster ) 17 ( 96 ) : 103 - 109 - get paper here
pianka , e . r . & vitt , l . j . 2003 . lizards - windows to the evolution of diversity . university of california press , berkeley , 347 pp . [ review in copeia 2004 : 955 ] - get paper here
rakotoarison , andolalao ; jesse erens , fanomezana m . ratsoavina , miguel vences 2015 . amphibian and reptile records from around the betsiboka delta area in north - western madagascar herpetology notes 8 : 535 - 543 - get paper here
schmidt , w . ; tamm , k . & wallikewitz , e . 2010 . chamäleons - drachen unserer zeit . natur und tier verlag , 328 pp . [ review in reptilia 101 : 64 , 2013 ] - get paper here
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
f . monoceras is considered a junior synonymn of f . rhinoceratus ( glaw and vences 2007 ) .
this species is uncommon . due to heavy human pressures on and the patchy distribution of remaining forest within its range , the population is likely to be both declining and severely fragmented .
this species was traded in small levels before the 1994 suspension on exports from madagascar . it is not currently reported illegally in international trade .
threats in the region include bush fires , cattle grazing , and deforestation for charcoal collection .
this species occurs in parc national ankarafantsika . this site needs to be managed to limit the intrusion of damaging human activities . research is needed to establish the extent of this species ' distribution in the west of its range , from which modern records are lacking , and to clarify the degree to which this species is able to tolerate habitat degradation and modification .
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many madagascan chameleons have also been heavily collected for the pet trade ( 6 ) . however , there are very few records of successful captive breeding of this species , and it is not reported to have been heavily exported in the past ( 2 ) .
however , very little is known about the ecology or conservation needs of this species , and it may therefore benefit from further research before any specific conservation measures , if necessary , can be put into place .
authenticated ( 07 / 03 / 11 ) by dr richard k . b . jenkins , madagasikara voakajy and durrell institute of conservation and ecology , university of kent . urltoken
deciduous forest forest consisting mainly of deciduous trees , which shed their leaves at the end of the growing season . dorsal relating to the back or top side of an animal . endemic a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area . territorial describes an animal , a pair of animals or a colony that occupies and defends an area .
gray , j . e . ( 1845 ) catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the british museum . british museum , london .
halliday , t . and adler , k . ( 2002 ) the new encyclopedia of reptiles and amphibians . oxford university press , oxford .
brady , l . d . and griffiths , r . a . ( 1999 ) status assessment of chameleons in madagascar . iucn species survival commission , iucn , gland , switzerland and cambridge , uk .
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jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar dry deciduous forests habitat
and
mesitornis variegatus
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar dry deciduous forests habitat
and
xenopirostris damii
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar dry deciduous forests habitat
and
amaurornis olivieri
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar dry deciduous forests habitat
and
ardea humbloti
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar dry deciduous forests habitat
and
haliaeetus vociferoides
.
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any of several horned chameleons of the genera furcifer and chamaeleo ; specifically f . rhinoceratus of madagascar , the male of which has a prominent forward - projecting horn on the nose .
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these strange looking chameleons grow up to 27 cm long , with the males growing twice as big as the females .
the horns that give them their name are bigger in the males and they use them to fight with each other .
they spend most of their time in trees where they catch insects using their long tongues .
at breeding time , the females lay 4 - 11 eggs , which take almost a year to hatch .
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cites is an international agreement between governments , aimed to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival .
the following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners . there may be duplication .
3 . gray , j . e . ( 1845 ) catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the british museum . british museum , london .
5 . halliday , t . and adler , k . ( 2002 ) the new encyclopedia of reptiles and amphibians . oxford university press , oxford .
6 . brady , l . d . and griffiths , r . a . ( 1999 ) status assessment of chameleons in madagascar . iucn species survival commission , iucn , gland , switzerland and cambridge , uk .
andersson , lars gabriel . 1910 . reptiles and batrachians from the north - west of madagascar collected by v . kaudern , 1906 - 1907 . arkiv för zoologi 7 ( 7 ) : 1 - 15 .
boettger , o . 1913 . reptilien und amphibien von madagascar , den inseln und dem festland ostafrikas . pp . 269 - 375 . in : voeltzkow , a . reise in ostafrika in den jahren 1903 - 1905 . wissenschaftliche ergebnisse . vol . 3 . systematische arbeiten . schweizerbart’ sche verlagsbuchhandlung , nägele und sproesser , stuttgart .
boettger , oskar . 1893 . katalog der reptilien - sammlung im museum der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft in frankfurt am main . i . teil ( rhynchocephalen , schildkröten , krokodile , eidechsen , chamäleons ) . gebrüder knauer , frankfurt a . m . , x + 140 pp .
glaw , f . & vences , m . 1994 . a fieldguide to the amphibians and reptiles of madagascar . vences & glaw verlag , köln ( isbn 3 - 929449 - 01 - 3 ) .
glaw , f . & vences , m . 2001 . ein seltenes chamäleon aus madagaskar . datz 54 ( 7 ) : 16 - 19 .
gray , j . e . 1843 . description of two new species of reptiles from the collection made during the voyages of h . m . s . sulphur . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 1 ) 11 : 46 .
gray , j . e . 1845 . catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the british museum . trustees of die british museum / edward newman , london : xxvii + 289 pp .
gray , j . e . 1865 . revision of the genera and species of chamaeleonidae , with the description of some new species . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 15 : 340 - 354 .
necas , petr . 1999 . chameleons - nature ' s hidden jewels . edition chimaira , frankfurt ; 348 pp . ; isbn 3 - 930612 - 04 - 6 ( europe ) isbn 1 - 57524 - 137 - 4 ( usa , canada ) .
pianka , e . r . & vitt , l . j . 2003 . lizards - windows to the evolution of diversity . university of california press , berkeley , 347 pp . [ review in copeia 2004 : 955 ] .
schmidt , w . ; tamm , k . & wallikewitz , e . 2010 . chamäleons - drachen unserer zeit . natur und tier verlag , münster , 328 pp .
regulatory status : injurious wildlife ( exhibit 5 , chapter 13 - 124 ) . it is illegal to transport these animals between islands or to commercially export to the mainland . penalties can include a fine of up to $ 200 , 000 and a possible prison sentence . the hawaii department of agriculture has an amnesty program allowing a person to turn in an illegal animal without prosecution
jackson’s chameleons are a popular pet that can escape the cage and establish feral populations in hawaiʻi . they are bright emerald green fading to a yellowish color on their undersides . males are generally 10 - 12” long with a long , prehensile tail accounting for half of their length , and with three horns protruding from their forehead . females are generally a little shorter and never grow horns . jackson’s chameleons are solitary creatures which spend most of their time in trees . chameleons move with a distinctive slow rocking motion .
chameleons’ ability to thrive in a variety of forest environments where they are yet another predator of hawaiʻi’s native insects , spiders , and snails , making them a less welcome guest in hawaiʻi . chameleons are also a potential prey base for the brown tree snake and other snakes , which increases the likelihood of this alien species establishing populations if ever introduced .
introduced from kenya and tanzania to hawaiʻi in 1972 , this popular pet was inte ntionally released in kāneʻohe and now has established free ranging populations on the islands of hawaiʻi , maui , and oʻahu . they have not become established on kauaʻi - report any sightings on kauaʻi !
diet of the invasive lizard chamaeleo jacksonii ( squamata : chamaeleonidae ) at a wet - forest site in hawai‘i . fred kraus and david preston : urltoken
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madagascar is home to about half the world ' s 150 or so species of chameleons , including both subfamilies , typical chameleons ( chamaeleoninae ) and dwarf chameleons ( brookesiinae ) .
chameleons are diurnal , solitary , and often aggressive towards members of their own species ( marked by rapid color change and aggressive posturing ) . they are opportunistic hunters that wait for prey to pass within range of their long tongues . chameleons have a bizarre way of moving in which they slowly rock back and forth between each step taken , often in time with the movement of nearby leaves being blown by the wind . most chameleons lay eggs .
this portable guide offers a full survey of all madagascar ' s mammals , both endemic and introduced , including many newly identified species . with vivid color photographs , line illustrations , and maps , mammals of madagascar : a complete guide
home | photos index | search | about | contact unless otherwise noted , all content and images are the property of rhett butler , content copyright 2004 - 2012 . all rights reserved .
this reptile ' s tongue is as long as its body ( up to 55 cm ) . its tip is muscular and sticky . it projects it at an average speed of 21km / hr !
it only takes a few seconds for its color to change . the color varies according to stress , fear , light , etc . it can ' t imitate a complex design such as a flowery carpet or a checkerboard .
its eyes pivot independently from each other , allowing it to look in two opposite directions at the same time . it can therefore keep watch and capture its prey with 99 % precision .
being very territorial , it does not tolerate any same sex individuals closer than two meters . facing an adversary , it can inflate its body and open its mouth while hissing and growling . it can inflict painful bites when fighting .
a popular pet , over 15 , 000 individuals were captured annually in nature . since 1999 , this number has been restricted to 2 , 000 , but logging and agricultural exploitation are fragmenting and rarefying its habitat .
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what a great time . would definitely go again . the zoo care takers are amazing at what they do and so friendly . i would recommend if you have never gone it ' s a bucket list . oh and don ' t forget to go and pet the sting rays .
our whole family attended yesterday . it was absolutely spectacular . we had a fantastic time ! thanks for the memories !
amazing place to take the family ! lots of animals to see , amazing water park and fun rides . great packages available with hotels close by for out of town visitors . highly recommend !
it ' s the 3rd year in a row that my family and i visit this zoo . even though it was during the busiest day they had this year , we were able to visit everything and fully enjoy the experience . don ' t forget to bring your bathing suit cause they have an amazing wave pool !
amazing place . perfect for the whole family . they constantly improve their environments and animals collection .
a good place for family outing with zoo , water park and rides all at one place . all the attractions are conveniently placed very close to each other . food court is good too and you can also bring in your lunch .
we had an excellent time ! we have not been in over 10 years and are so glad we went ! the park is clean . the food was well priced for a theme park . we loved the dinozoo ! we have terrible french speaking abilities but appreciated your courteous and friendly staff , we felt welcome !
i had an amazing time here with my family ! my kids absolutely loved it . amazing experience : )
we love going to the zoo . ( … ) most of the animals were out and the grandkids were thrilled . i ' d never been to the dinozoo before and i thought it was pretty cool especially with the movement and sounds . the design is great in that it ' s seperated and all goes back to the center .
first time visiting here on our annual summer week in québec . we went for the 2 day family pass , and had an amazing time . the 2 days allowed us to take our time around the park , and gave plenty of time as well for cooling off at the amazoo . we ' ll definitely come back !
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the chameleons ' eyes can rotate and focus separately on 180 - degree arcs , which gives them a full 360 - degree field of vision . their tongue can reach its prey in just 0 . 07 seconds , with acceleration reaching over 41 g ' s of force .
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bush , guy l .
speciation : the origins of diversity .
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the evolution of maladaptation .
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early life : origins of multicellularity .
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birdlife international ( 2014 ) species factsheet : pelecanus crispus . downloaded from urltoken .
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the origin of mean arterial and jugular venous blood pressures in giraffes .
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giraffes and okapi .
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aerial performance of stalk - eyed flies that differ in eye span .
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frigatebirds ( fregatidae ) .
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gibbs , h . lisle , and james p . gibbs .
prey robbery by nonbreeding magnificent frigatebirds ( fregata magnificens ) .
the wilson bulletin 99 . 1 ( 1987 ) : 101 - 104 .
nelson , j . bryan , a . w . diamond , and a . w . diamond .
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