acompsia is a genus of the twirler moth family ( gelechiidae ) .

though it has once been assigned to the proposed subfamily " anacampsinae " ( here included in gelechiinae ) , it is generally placed in the dichomeridinae .

some authors include telephila here as a subgenus , while others prefer to keep it distinct as its relationships are fairly obscure .

acompsia

acompsia ( acompsia ) ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 114 , 110
acompsia ( acompsia ) cinerella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 114 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) antirrhinella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 119 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) maculosella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 120 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) dimorpha ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 120 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) subpunctella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 121 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) delmastroella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 122 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) muellerrutzi ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 123 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) minorella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 125 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) tripunctella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 125 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) caucasella huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 124 , 110 ; tl : caucasus psysh river
acompsia ( acompsia ) schepleri huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 129 , 110 ; tl : turkey , erzincan kizildag gecidi , 2100m
acompsia ( acompsia ) fibigeri huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 130 , 110 ; tl : turkey , gümüshane , kop pass , 2400m
acompsia ( acompsia ) bidzilyai huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 130 , 110 ; tl : zabajkale sochodnskij zapovednik r . agucakan , 1000m
acompsia ( acompsia ) pyrenaella huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 117 , 110 ; tl : gallia pyren . val . d ' ossoue , 1500m
acompsia ( acompsia ) ponomarenkoae huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 128 , 110 ; tl : greece , ipiros , katara pass , 1500 - 1700m
acompsia cinerella ( ash - coloured crest ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .
acompsia was treated in the gelechiidae in nye and fletcher , 1991 generic names moths world , 6 : 4 .
acompsia dimorpha petry , 1904 ; dt . ent . z . iris 17 ( 1 ) : 4 ; tl : pyrenees
telephila ( acompsia ) ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 131 , 110
= acompsia ( telephila ) ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 111 , 110
acompsia muellerrutzi wehrli , 1925 ; dt . ent . z . iris 39 : 137 ; tl : corsica , monte d ' oro
acompsia ( telephila ) schmidtiellus ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 110 ; [ fe ]
huemer , p . & o . karsholt . a review of the genus acompsia hübner , 1825 with description of a new species ( gelechiidae ) . 109—154 .
acompsia ( dichomeridinae ) ; [ sangmi lee ] ; [ fe ] ; karsholt , mutanen , lee & kaila , 2013 , syst . ent . 38 : 343
acompsia subpunctella svensson , 1966 ; opusc . ent . 31 : 188 , f . 19 , pl . 2 , f . 3 ; tl : sweden , norbotten
acompsia ( telephila ) syriella huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 133 , 110 ; tl : syria , 25km w damascus
acompsia hübner , [ 1825 ] was referred to the anacampsinae from gelechiinae ( within the gelechiidae ) by kuznetzov & stekolnikov , 1984 , trudy zoologicheskogo instituta akademii nauk sssr 122 : 33 .
huemer , p . & karsholt , o . , 2002 . a review of the genus acompsia hubner 1825 with descriptions of new species . nota lepidopterologica . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 109 - 151 .
acompsia delmastroella huemer , 1998 ; linzer biol . beitr . 30 ( 2 ) : 516 , f . 1 - 3 , 10 - 11 ; tl : sw . alps , marmora , colle d ' esischie , 2300m
an unmarked brownish moth with long upwardly - curved labial palps . the species is widely distributed over all of the british isles except some of the outlying scottish islands .
the larva is unknown , but is believed to feed on moss , often at the base of a tree .
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a scarce and local species , occurring on chalk downs or other calcareous soil , and found in the southern counties of england .
the ochreous adult moths have two small black dots on the forewing , and fly in july and august .
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locally common in some parts of southern england and the central highlands of scotland , otherwise local to very local across much of the rest of the british isles . apparently absent from the outer hebrides and northern isles .
mosses ( species unspecified ) . the larva is undescribed but has been found in moss at the base of a tree ; may also be associated with mosses away from trees .
amongst grassy areas in woodland , herb rich grassy areas , railway and canal banks and undercliffs .
larva : undescribed in the british isles but searches in mosses near or on the base of trees in april or may would be worthwhile . it is documented that a larva was bred through at wicken fen in 1878 ( f . bond ) without description of the larva , feeding signs or foodplant .
adult : swept from herb rich turf , beaten from scrub and frequent at light .
the broad forewing and hindwing with a lack of any prominent markings are distinctive . on a few occasions specimens of this moth have been found in historic museum collections amongst specimens of bryotropha politella .
single brooded from early june to august and occasionally found in very small numbers in late may and through to late september .
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but appears less ochreous lacking the veining within the forewings ; paler in overall colouration . we suspect mis - identification with some records .
recorded in 14 ( 20 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1873 . last recorded in 2018 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 177 ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 10 ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 111 , 110 ; [ sangmi lee ]
= ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 114
= ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 114
larva on veronica chamaedrys huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 116
gelechia antirrhinella millière , 1866 ; icon . desc . chenilles lepid . 2 : 274 , 280 , pl . 80 , f . 6 - 8
larva on asarina procumbens huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 119
gelechia maculosella stainton , 1851 ; suppl . cat . br . tineidae and pteroph . : 22
sweden , finland , estonia , nw . poland , kola peninsula , altai , transbaikalia . see [ maps ]
larva on veronica longifolia huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 122
alps ( alpes maritimes , alpi cozie , alpes - de - haute - provence ) . see [ maps ]
austria , czech republic , france , italy , slovenia , switzerland . see [ maps ]
brachycrossata minorella rebel , 1899 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien , 49 : 180
alps , apennines , carpathians , balkans , . . . , ? . see [ maps ]
tinea tripunctella denis & schiffermüller , 1775 ; ank . syst . schmett . wienergegend : 319
larva on plantago alpina huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 127
= ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 131
= ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 131
larva on origanum vulgare , mentha arvensis , mentha silvestris , m . rotundifolia , calamintha nepeta huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 132
indicata ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( telephila ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 67
tenebrosella lucas , 1956 ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 255
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
icones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )
westwood , 1840 an introduction to the modern classification of insects ; founded on natural habits and corresponding organization of the different families introd . class . ins . 2 : 1 - 352 ( 1839 ) , : 353 - 587 ( 1840 )
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
type - species : phalaena cinerella clerck , 1759 . icon . insect . rariorum 1 : pl . 11 fig . 6 .
type - species designation : by subsequent designation by duponchel , 1838 . hist . nat . lépid . papillons fr . 11 : 19 . [ bhl ]
type specimens : ? type status ? country : ? locality , ( ? depository ) . .
the citation by duponchel is acceptable as a type - species designation as it is contained in the continuation of a layout in which duponchel stated , in the same work 7 ( 2 ) : 102 , that the species so cited were the types of genera .
see also : * acampsia westwood , 1840 ; * accompsia bruand , ( 1851 ) ; brachycrossata heinemann , 1870 .
junior name ( s ) : acampsia ; westwood , 1840 : 110 . accompsia ; bruand , 1851 : 42 . brachicrossata ; hartmann , 1880 : 25 . brachycrossata heinemann , 1870 : 323 .
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it is found in montane habitats , including subalpine and alpine meadows and shrubs .
mm for females . the forewings are clay brown , mottled with lighter brown scales . the hindwings are grey . adults are on wing from july to august .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 8 / 6 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
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notes : local in a wide range of habitats throughout the british isles , with the exception of the northern isles . in hampshire recorded less than annually from scattered locations , mainly in the north of the county . not recorded from the isle of wight to date . wingspan 16 - 19 mm . an unmarked , wholly ochreous - brown gelechiid , superficially similar to helcystogramma rufescens , but lacking this species pale veins . larva feeds on various mosses , often at the base of trees .
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taxa which do not fall within rdb categories but which are none - the - less uncommon in great britain and thought to occur in between 31 and 100 10km squares of the national grid or , for less - well recorded groups between eight and twenty vice - counties . superseded by nationally scarce , and therefore no longer in use .
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experimental evidence for specific distinctness of the two wood white butterfly taxa , leptidea sinapis and l . reali ( pieridae )
check - list of the broad - winged moths ( oecophoridae s . l . ) of russia and adjacent countries
two new european geometrid moths : xanthorhoe skoui sp . n . and xanthorhoe friedrichi sp . n . ( geometridae )
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biodivlibrary july is # nationalblueberrymonth ! the w . a . cox nursery co . of mississippi ' s 1920s catalog proclaimed # blueberries to… urltoken
biodivlibrary @ jzed _ trees @ kew _ laa awesome ! we ' re so honored to have this treasure in # bhlib . thanks @ kew _ laa ! now we can enjoy p… urltoken
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id : in mbgbi3 this species is keyed from : forewing with markings both paler and darker than ground colour . however , this species is variable and may appear as pale with darker markings - from where one cannot arrive at the correct species using the mbgbi3 key . it appears that only e . albidella , e . utonella & e . eleochariella show an elongate dark mark in the fold near the dorsum , just before 1 / 2 . id best confirmed by genital examination : male - paired gnathos > the former biselachista species ; pointed extension at apex of valva > e . albidella . no other species has a valva quite so rounded on the dorsal edge near the apex .
male genitalia paired gnathos > the former biselachista species ; pointed extension at apex of valva > e . albidella . no other species has a valva quite so rounded on the dorsal edge near the apex .
§1 sutton fen , norfolk ; 12 / 08 / 2010 §2 sutton fen , norfolk ; male ; 13 / 08 / 2009 §3 new forest , hampshire ; 05 / 06 / 2012 ; male ; fw 4 . 2mm §4 foulden common , norfolk ; 14 / 08 / 2016 ; male §5 foulden common , norfolk ; 14 / 08 / 2016 ; male ; fw 4 . 1mm all images © chris lewis
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for many years , records of the vice - county distributions of uk micro - moths from c . 1800 onwards have been kept on hand - annotated paper maps , first by a . maitland emmet and , more recently , by dr . john langmaid and dr . mark young .
the moths count project has now digitised these maps and made them available to moth recorders and the general public for the first time .
a grant from the department for environment , food and rural affairs ( defra ) and the original data supplied by john langmaid and mark young have enabled us to create pdfs of all of the original micro - moth record cards and hand annotated maps . in addition to this , 756 species have been digitised to vice - county level to date . these important maps , which include data up to 31st december 2014 , are available below at vice - county level for the first time . many thanks to david green for his hard work on this project . please note that the maps are provisional and may contain errors .
below is a list of micro - moth species , with numbers and names as per the new checklist of british lepidoptera ( 2013 ) ( referred to as abh in the table ) . bradley and fletcher numbers and former bradley names are also included for users ' convenience .
to search for a species hold down the ctrl and f keys simultaneously to open up a search box . simply type in the species name , or part of it to be taken to the species . click on the icons to open up a pdf of the species record card and a map of its uk distribution at vice - county level ( nb : the pdfs are large and may take a while to open ) . to return to this page , click your browser ' s back button .
elhamma diakonoffi is a species of moth of the family hepialidae . it is known from new guinea .
calamotropha diakonoffi is a moth in the crambidae family . it was described by bleszynski in 1961 . it is found in south africa , where it has been recorded from kwazulu - natal .
hamatina diakonoffi is a moth in the lecithoceridae family . it was described by park in 2011 . it is found in papua new guinea .
odites diakonoffi is a moth in the depressariidae family . it was described by kuznetsov and arutjunova in 1991 . it is found in kazakhstan .
oxycanus diakonoffi is a moth of the hepialidae family . it is found in new guinea .
prochoreutis diakonoffi is a moth of the choreutidae family . it is known from shaanxi , china and from honshu , japan .
it has been recorded from fergusson island of the d ' entrecasteaux islands archipelago , and the admiralty islands , of papua new guinea ; and from sulawesi of indonesia .
sycacantha diakonoffi is a moth of the tortricidae family . it is found in thailand and vietnam .
stagmatophora diakonoffi is a moth in the family cosmopterigidae . it is found in madagascar .
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a catalogue of the family - group and genus - group names of the gelechiidae , holcopogonidae , lecithoceridae and symmocidae klaus sattler . 1973 . bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) entomology 28 ( 4 ) : 153 - 182 .
annotated taxonomic checklist of the lepidoptera of north america , north of mexico pohl , g . r . , patterson , b . , & pelham , j . p . 2016 . researchgate . net .
a molecular analysis of the gelechiidae ( lepidoptera , gelechioidea ) with an interpretative grouping of its taxa karsholt , o . , m . mutanen , s . lee , & l . kaila . 2013 . systematic entomology . 38 ( 2 ) : 334–348 .
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sarto i monteys , v . the discovery , description and taxonomy of paysandisia archon ( burmeister , 1880 ) , a castniid species recently found in southwestern europe ( castniidae ) . 3—16 .
speidel , w . & l . aarvik . synonyms of european tortricidae and noctuidae , with special reference to the publications of hübner , geyer & frölich . 17—22 .
ringwood , z . , t . gardiner , a . steiner & j . hill . comparison of factors influencing the habitat characteristics of gortyna borelii ( noctuidae ) and its larval foodplant peucedanum officinale in england and germany . 23—38 .
freese , a . & k . fiedler . experimental evidence for specific distinctness of the two wood white butterfly taxa , leptidea sinapis and l . reali ( pieridae ) . 39—60 .
belik , a . g . & d . g . zamolodchikov . notes on systematics of erebia dabanensis species complex , with special consideration of the dabanensis - youngi and anyuica - occulta pairs of sibling species ( nymphalidae : satyrinae ) . 61—80 .
wagener , s . chazara persephone ( hübner , [ 1805 ] ) or chazara anthe ( hoffmansegg , 1806 ) — what is the valid name ? ( nymphalidae , satyrinae ) . 81—84 .
nieukerken e . j . van & a . laštuvka . ectoedemia ( etainae ) obtusa ( puplesis & diškus , 1996 ) new for europe : taxonomy , distribution and biology ( nepticulidae ) . 87—96 .
kozlov , m . first record of nemophora lapikella kozlov ( adelidae ) from japan . 96 .
baran , t . elachista nolckeni šulcs , 1992 : morphology and bionomics of immature stages ( gelechioidea : elachistidae ) . 97—108 .
kallies , a . & k . spatenka . four species of brachodidae new to the fauna of europe ( sesioidea ) . 155—160 .
garcía - barros , e . taxonomic patterns in the egg to body size allometry of butterflies and skippers ( papilionoidea & hesperiidae ) . 161—176 .
kolev , z . the species of maculinea van eecke , 1915 in bulgaria : distribution , state of knowledge and conservation status ( lycaenidae ) . 177—190 .
sommerer . m . d . opinion . to agree or not to agree — the question of gender agreement in the international code of zoological nomenclature . 191—204 .
karsholt , o . & a . kun . a new species of ethmia hübner , 1819 from the greek island of rhodes ( ethmiidae ) . 207—212 .
lvovsky , a . l . check - list of the broad - winged moths ( oecophoridae s . l . ) of russia and adjacent countries . 213—220 .
elsner , g . & j . jaroš . a new species of ceratoxanthis razowski , and distribution records for two species of aethes billberg from the balkan peninsula ( tortricidae : cochylini ) . 221—225 .
rougerie , r . re - capture of sinobirma malaisei in china : description of the female genitalia and comments on the systematic position of the genus in the tribe urotini ( saturniidae ) . 227—233 .
wilcockson , a . & t . g . shreeve . the subspecific status of pieris napi ( pieridae ) within the british isles . 235—247 .
sielezniew , m . , a . stankiewicz & c . bystrowski . first observation of one maculinea arion pupa in a myrmica lobicornis nest in poland . 249—250 .
wakeham - dawson , a . , r . parker , e . john & r . l . h . dennis . comparison of the male genitalia and androconia of pseudochazara anthelea acamanthis ( rebel , 1916 ) from cyprus , pseudochazara anthelea anthelea ( hübner , 1924 ) from mainland turkey and pseudochazara anthelea amalthea ( frivaldsky , 1845 ) from mainland greece ( nymphalidae , satyrinae ) . 251—263 .
fiedler , k . & c . ruf . araschnia levana larvae ( nymphalidae ) do not accept humulus lupulus ( cannabaceae ) as food plant . 265—266 .
gorbach , v . v . & k . saarinen . the butterfly assemblages of onega lake area in karelia , middle taiga of nw russia ( hesperioidea , papilionoidea ) . 267—279 .
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from spanish to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation ; where the essential translation unit is the word «complexionado» in spanish .
the map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «complexionado» in the different countries .
of the word «complexionado» during the past 500 years . its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «complexionado» appears in digitalised printed sources in spanish between the year 1500 and the present day .
and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in spanish literature .
te , bien complexionado , y robufto aquel hombre , en quien reíplandecen perfectamente claros los rayos de fu luz , ó elpiritu vital , que perfectamente , y fin eftorvo alguno exercita en él las funciones deftinadas por la naturaleza . al contrario . . .
( \ ant . ~ ) v . comparar . acompasado , da . adj . lo que está hecho ó puesto á compás . that vihich is jet to jome charañer of mujical time . acomplexionado , da . adj . v . g . bien ó mal complexionado . weli , or / / / complexioned .
la magna y canónica cirujia de guido de cauliac : con la . . .
pira hazcr eftas operaciones , por tanto en vn cuerpo bien complexionado lafo - lu cion es fácilmente curada , poique la virtud tiene buen inítrumento , mas en vn cuerpo mal complexionado , como es vrt hydropico , ó leproib , por quanto la virtud . . .
la causa del 78 esta suele irse recogiendo poco á poco con el tiern * mal se produ - po , y venir después la enfermedad de golpe . por tanto si te regular - recayese en sugeto mal complexionado y quebrantado , que mente conlen - tenjj0 un mai . . .
venenos ay , de quien el mas bien complexionado > . y elmas robuf1 - toj , tocados5o viftos , no defiende la vida , ni aun por breve tiempo . es cal fu fuerça » y fu opoficion à las paites vitales j que fin la dilación , ni hazer ca fo de los humores , . . .
por la cual razón han el cuerpo mal complexionado ; y como el alma siga la complexión del cuerpo , do el cuerpo es bien complexionado allí el alma hace mejor sus obras y ha mejor uso de razón . por la cual cosa las mujeres no pueden . . .
arte de conocer , y de curar las enfermedades por reglas de . . .
por tanto , fi recayeífe en fugeto mal complexionado , y quebrantado , que haya tenido un mal govierno de vida , tiene entonces mucho rieígo , y fuelen perecer los mas * porque tiene la naturaleza que mover , y cocer muchos humores , y faltan . . .
[ to finish . completar , v . a . to complete , compléta * . » . / . pi . compline ; the last act of worship at night . [ perfect , finished . completo , ta . u . comp ! , te , complexion , » . / . complexion . complexionado , da . a . bien a mal complexionado , da . of a good . . .
acomplexionado , a . adj . complexionado acomplisionado . adj . complexionado . t . acomunalar . n . ant . tener trato y comunicación . usábase también como recíproco . comunicarse , tractarse . communico , as , sermones cum aliquo . . .
para hazer estas opéraciones , por tanto tn vncuerpo bien complexionado la íb - lucîon es faciirnente curada , por que la virtud tiene - buen instrumento , masen vu cuerpo mal complexionado , comocsvn hydropico , ò lcproíò , por quánto la virtud . . .
gynnidomorpha vectisana §1 male ; st lawrence , isle of wight ; 31 / 05 / 2014 ; fw 5 . 1mm © chris lewis
id : generally recognisable by the purplish and brown general colouration with ochreous - yellow along the termen . male has some blackish scales and hair - like scales in tornal area of hindwing .
§4 westcliff - on - sea , essex ; 15 / 07 / 2014 ; male ; fw 4 . 6mm
§5 westcliff - on - sea , essex ; 15 / 07 / 2014 ; male ; fw 4 . 5mm
the references to papers and notes listed below contain information relating to gelechiidae recorded in the british isles and selected european material although the list is by no means exhaustive . brief summaries of the content of the papers have been added in a few cases . information on any additional peer - reviewed published material is welcomed .
for ease of reference the species are listed alphabetically and within each species the papers are listed chronologically starting with the oldest .
rivete , u . , karsholt , o . mutanen , m . & savenkov n . 2017 . nordic - baltic checklist of lepidoptera . norwegian journal of entomology supplement no . 3 . this includes information that
bella , s . and karsholt , o . 2015 . the gelechiidae of the longarini salt marsh in the pantani della sicilia sud - orientale nature reserve in southeastern sicily , italy ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . shilap revta . lepid . , 43 ( 171 ) , septiembre 2015 : 365 - 375 .
bidzilya , o . v . & badashkin , y . i . , 2017 . new records of lepidoptera from ukraine ( etc . . . . ) . nota lepi . 40 ( 2 ) 2017 : 145 - 161 . includes details of species within the genera caulastrocecis , metzneria , ornativalva , chionodes , filatima ( a colour plate depicting male and female imago and genitalia of f . djakovica are included ) , scrobipalpa , klimeschiopsis , sophronia and syncopacma .
clarke , j . f . g . , 1969 . catalogue of the type specimens of microlepidoptera in the british museum ( natural history ) described by edward meyrick . glyphipterigidae , gelechiidae ( a - c ) . 6 : 1 - 537 , pls 1 - 267 . trustees of the british museum , london .
corley , m . f . v . and goodey , b . , 2014 . a re - examination of the portugese microlepidoptera collected by the reverend a . e . eaton in 1880 . entomologist’s gazette 65 : 15 - 25 . contains a list of a dozen or so gelechiidae , amongst other families , confirmed or corrected and introduces a new species - see below under aroga eatoni sp . n .
douglas , j . w . , 1849 - 52 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . transactions of the entomological society of london 5 : 173 - 179 , 195 - 201 ( 1849 ) ; ( n . s . ) . 1 : 14 - 21 , 60 - 68 ( 1850 ) ; 101 - 108 ( 1851 ) ; 241 - 251 ( 1852 ) .
haworth , a . h . , 1812 . a brief account of some rare insects announced at various times to the society , as new to britain . trans . ent . soc . london . 1 : 332 - 340 .
haworth , a . h . , 1834 - 1835 . illustrations of british entomology . haustellata 4 : 436pp . , pls 33 - 41 .
junnilainen , j . , karsholt , o . , nupponen , k . , kaitila , j - p . , nupponen , t . and olschwang , v . , 2010 . the gelechiid fauna of the southern ural mountains , part ll : list of recorded species with taxonomic notes ( leipoptera : gelechiidae ) . contains information on wider species distribution . urltoken
palmer , s . m . , 2016 . the gelechiid recording scheme - five years in . br . j . ent . nat . hist . 29 : 156 - 162 . details of distributional changes , addtional foodplants and phenology of several gelechiid moths in the british isles .
parsons , m . , 2015 . possible and potential moth extinctions in england . on - line pdf document only , available at urltoken
sattler , k . , 1971 . some new synonyms of european gelechiidae ( lepidoptera ) . entomologist ' s gazette 22 : 103 - 108 .
sattler , k . , 1992 . new synonyms of european gelechiidae ( lepidoptera ) . entomologica gallica 3 : 107 - 112 .
sokoloff , p . a . , 1985 . an introduction to the gelechiidae . proc . trans . br . ent . nat . his . soc . 18 : 99 - 106 .
stainton , h . t . , 1865 . new british tineina . the entomologist ' s annual 1865 : 128 - 131 .
stainton , h . t . 1866 . observations on tineina . entomologist ' s monthly magazine 3 : 54 - 57 .
stainton , h . t . , 1866 . new british tineina . the entomologist ' s annual 1866 : 167 - 171 .
stainton , h . t . , 1871 . new british tineina in 1870 . the entomologist ' s annual 1871 : 96 - 100 .
sumpich , j . & skyva , j . 2012 . new faunistic records for a number of microlepidoptera , including description of three new taxa from agonoxenidae , depressariidae , and gelechiidae ( gelechioidea ) . nota lepidopterologica 35 ( 2 ) : 161 - 179 . new to greece .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 64 - 65 . under gelechia pernigrella stainton .
parsons , m . , 2015 . possible and potential moth extinctions in england . on - line pdf document only , available at urltoken
gregerson , k . & karsholt , o . , 2017 . taxonomic confusion around the peach twig borer , anarsia lineatella zeller , 1839 , with description of a new species ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae ) . nota lepi . 40 ( 1 ) 2017 : 65 - 85 .
palmer , s . m . , 2017 . anarsia lineatella zeller , 1839 and anarsia innoxiella gregersen and karsholt , 2017 ( lep . gelechiidae ) in the british isles . entomologist’s rec . j . var . 129 : 117 - 124 .
heckford , r . j . , 1992 . anarsia lineatella zeller ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) : a larval description . entomologist’s gazette 43 : 54 .
nel , j . & varenne , t . 2012 . description d ' apatetris ( s . l . ) mediterranella sp . n . du littoral mediterraneen de france et d ' italie ( gelechiidae , gelechiinae , apatetrini ) . nota lepidopterologica 35 ( 1 ) : 27 - 32 . new species .
sokoloff , p . a . & bradford , e . s . , 1990 . the british species of metzneria , paltodora , isophrictis , apodia , eulamprotes and argolamprotes ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . br . j . ent . nat . hist . 3 : 23 - 28 .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 66 .
douglas , j . w . , 1851 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 : 108 .
kennard , a . 1965 . argolamprotes micella schiff . ( lep . gelechiidae ) taken in britain . proceedings and transactions of the south london entomological and natural history society 1965 : 42 - 43 .
heckford , r . j . 1972 . argolamprotes micella ( denis & schiffermüller ) ( lep . , gelechiidae ) in cornwall . entomologist’s gazette 23 : 236 .
heckford , r . j . 1974 . further records of argolamprotes micella ( denis & schiffermüller ) ( lep . , gelechiidae ) from cornwall . entomologist’s gazette 25 : 258 .
heckford , r . j . 1998 . notes on the larvae of four species of microlepidoptera not previously described in the british literature [ glyphipterix thrasonella , argolamprotes micella , crambus pascuella , homoeosoma nimbella ] . entomologist’s gazette 49 : 155 - 160 .
heckford , r . j . , 2010 . notes on the early stages of four species of oecophoridae , gelechiidae and pyralidae ( lepidoptera ) in the british isles . entomologist’s gazette 61 : 211 - 213 .
smith , m . h . , 2013 . argolamprotes micella ( d . & s . ) ( lep . : gelechiidae ) : new to wiltshire . entomologist’s rec . j . var . 125 : 243 .
karsholt , o . & savencov , n . 2009 . beautiful gelechiid moths - aristotelia baltica a . sulcs & i . sulcs , 1983 , stat . n . and related species ( gelechiidae ) . nota lepidopterologica 32 ( 2 ) : 89 - 97 .
douglas , j . w . , 1852 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 244 - 245 .
sumpich , j . & skyva , j . 2012 . new faunistic records for a number of microlepidoptera , including description of three new taxa from agonoxenidae , depressariidae , and gelechiidae ( gelechioidea ) . nota lepidopterologica 35 ( 2 ) : 161 - 179 .
corley , m . f . v . and goodey , b . , 2014 . a re - examination of the portugese microlepidoptera collected by the reverend a . e . eaton in 1880 . entomologist’s gazette 65 : 15 - 25 .
douglas , j . w . , 1848 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 5 : 195 .
herrich - schäffer , 1854 ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) new to the british fauna . entomologist ' s record & journal of variation 97 : 20 - 24 .
sokoloff , p . & chalmers - hunt , j . m . , 1987 . notes on the biology of athrips rancidella h . - s . ( lep . : gelechiidae ) . entomologist’s rec . j . var . 99 : 253 - 254 .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 244 . under lita nigricostella ( f . v . r . ) .
langmaid , j . r . & young , m . r . , 2002 . larvae on vicia cracca , a previously unrecorded foodplant in britain . heckford , r . j . , in microlepidoptera review 2001 , entomologist’s rec . j . var . 114 : 277 .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 65 . under gelechia gerronella zeller .
heckford , r . j . & sterling , p . h . , 2004 . notes on , and descriptions of , some larvae of oecophoridae , gelechiidae and pyralidae ( lepidoptera ) . entomologist’s gazette 55 : 143 - 159 .
heckford , r . j . & sterling , p . h . , 2005 . further notes on the larvae of brachmia blandella ( fabr . , 1798 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) , catoptria margaritella ( [ d . & s . ] , 1775 ) and scoparia ambigualis ( treits . , 1829 ) ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) . entomologist’s gazette 56 : 71 - 74 .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 65 .
sterling , p . h . , wall , m . j . & langmaid , j . r . , 2013 . the discovery of brachmia inornatella ( douglas , 1850 ) ( lep . : gelechiidae ) in north hampshire , with notes on its life history and a larval description . entomologist’s rec . j . var . 125 : 14 - 17 .
pierce , f . n . & daltry , h . w . , 1938 . mniophaga : a new genus of gelechiadae , with reinstatement of portlandicella rich . as a species . the entomologist 71 : 226 - 227 .
douglas , j . w . , 1851 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 : 105 .
heckford , r . j . & sterling , p . h . , 2002 . the discovery of the larva of bryotropha dryadella ( zeller , 1850 ) and larval descriptions of this species , b . basaltinella ( zeller , 1839 ) , b . umbrosella ( zeller , 1839 ) and b . senectella ( zeller , 1839 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . entomologist’s gazette 53 : 83 - 91 .
heckford , r . j . , beavan , s . d . & palmer , s . m . , 2015 . bryotropha boreella ( douglas , 1851 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) : discovery of larva . entomologist’s gazette 66 : 237 - 243 .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 62 .
heckford , r . j . & agassiz , d . j . l . , 2002 . larvae amongst ctenidium molluscum ( rjh ) and amongst bryum and barbula spp . ( djla , rjh ) – in microlepidoptera review 2001 , entomologist’s rec . j . var . 114 : 276 .
heckford , robert j . & sattler , klaus , 2002 . bryotropha dryadella ( zeller , 1850 ) a newly recognised british species , and the removal of b . figulella ( staudinger , 1859 ) from the british list ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . entomologist’s gazette 53 : 69 - 80 .
barrett , c . g . , 1893 . occurrence of gelechia ( bryotropha ) figulella , staud . in england . entomologist ' s monthly magazine 29 : 158 .
douglas , j . w . , 1852 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 245 .
heckford , r . j . & sterling , p . h . , 2003 . the discovery of the larva of bryotropha politella ( staint . , 1851 ) and larval descriptions of this species and b . galbanella ( zell . , 1839 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . entomologist’s gazette 54 : 223 - 226 .
kullberg , j . , filippov , b . y . , zubrij , n . a . & kozlov , m . v . , 2013 . faunistic notes on lepidoptera collected from arctic tundra in european russia . nota lepidopterologica 36 ( 2 ) : 127 - 136 .
douglas , j . w . , 1852 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 241 - 242 .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 68 .
gregson , c . s . , 1871 . gelechia confinis stainton . the entomologist 5 : 243 .
bankes , e . r . , 1898 . gelechia confinis , stn . , a northern form of g . similis , stn . entomologist ' s monthly magazine 34 : 196 - 198 .
heckford , r . j . 1999 . notes on the larvae of seven species of microlepidoptera ( oecophoridae , gelechiidae and pyralidae ) not previously described in the british literature , together with the redescription of one and a further description of another . entomologist’s gazette 50 : 223 - 237 .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 64 . relates to f . mundella .
richardson , n . m . , 1890 . description of a gelechia ( portlandicella ) new to science from portland . entomologist ' s monthly magazine 26 : 29 - 30 .
rutten , t . & karsholt , o . , 1998 . bryotropha mundella ( douglas ) : a new synonym of bryotropha umbrosella ( zeller ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . tijdschrift voor entomologie 141 : 109 - 114 .
huertas - dionisio , m . , 2012 . immature stages of lepidoptera ( xliv ) . six species of the family gelechiidae stainton , 1854 in huelva , spain ( insecta : lepidoptera ) . shilap revista de lepidopterologia , 40 , 135 - 154 . text in spanish with line drawings of larva , pupa and larval feeding signs . the authoritative date is given as haworth , 1828 in this paper .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 61 - 62 .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 18 - 19 .
palmer , s . m . , the gelechiid recording scheme - five years in . ( includes notes on larval foodplants ) . br . j . ent . nat . hist . , 29 : 159 - 160 .
karsholt , o . , 1981 . northern european species of the genus caryocolum gregor and povolný , 1954 , feeding on cerastium and stellaria , with the description of a new species ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . ent . scand . 12 : 251 - 270 .
huemer , p . , 1988 . a taxonomic revision of caryocolum ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) entomology 57 : 439 - 571 .
huemer , p . , 1993 . the british species of caryocolum gregor and povolný . british journal of entomology and natural history 6 : 145 - 157 .
huemer , p . , karsholt , o . & mutanen , m . ( 2014 ) dna bar - codingas a screening tool for cryptic diversity : an example from caryocolum , with a description of a new species ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae ) . zookeys ( 404 ) : 91 - 111 . urltoken
douglas , j . w . , 1852 . contributions towards the natural history of british microlepidoptera . trans . ent . soc . london 2 : 77 .
hoare , r . j . b . , langmaid , j . r . , simpson , a . n . b . & young , m . r . , 1999 . caryocolum blandelloides karsholt , 1981 ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) in the british isles . entomologist’s gazette 50 : 149 - 154 .
douglas , j . w . , 1851 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 : 101 .
douglas , j . w . , 1852 . contributions towards the natural history of british microlepidoptera . trans . ent . soc . london 2 : 77 - 78 .
langmaid , j . r . larvae on stellaria holostea – in microlepidoptera review 2005 . entomologist’s rec . j . var . 118 : 256 .
douglas , j . w . , 1851 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 : 103 - 104 .
douglas , j . w . , 1851 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 : 104 - 105 .
heckford , r . j . , 2000 . caryocolum marmoreum ( haworth ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) : some apparently unrecorded observations on the early larval stages .
heckford , r . j . , 2012 . caryocolum peregrinella ( herrich - schaffer , 1854 ) new to spain and notes on the biology ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . shilap revista de lepidopterologia , 40 , 311 - 314 .
douglas , j . w . , 1851 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 : 102 - 103 .
bella , s . , 2008 . caryocolum siculum sp . n . ( gelechiidae ) , feeding on gypsophila ( caryophyllaceae ) in sicily . nota lepidopterologica 31 ( 1 ) : 69 - 75 .
douglas , j . w . , 1852 . contributions towards the natural history of british microlepidoptera . trans . ent . soc . london 2 : 75 - 77 .
douglas , j . w . , 1851 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 : 102 .
huemer , p . & sattler , k . , 1995 . a taxonomic revision of the palearctic chionodes ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . beiträge zur entomologie 45 : 3 - 108 .
douglas , j . w . , 1849 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 5 : 199 .
beavan , s . d . & heckford , r . j . , 2014 . chionodes distinctella ( zeller , 1839 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) : discovery of larvae in the british isles . entomologist’s gazette 65 : 169 - 174 .
beavan , s . d . & heckford , r . j . , 2015 . chionodes distinctella ( zeller , 1839 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) : a further larval record from the british isles . entomologist’s gazette 66 : 52 .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 67 .
douglas , j . w . , 1852 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 243 - 244 .
beavan , s . d . & heckford , r . j . , 2016 . chionodes fumatella ( douglas , 1850 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) : discovery of the larva in the british isles . entomologist’s gazette 67 : 3 - 14 .
sokoloff , p . a . & bradford , e . , 1993 . the british species of monochroa , chrysoesthia , ptocheuusa and sitotroga ( lepidoptera : glechiidae ) . br . j . ent . nat . hist . 6 : 37 - 44 .
douglas , j . w . , 1850 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 1 ( new series ) : 61 .
allen , a . a . , 1961 . the recurrence in britain of recurvaria piceaella kearfott . entomologist ' s record & journal of variation 73 : 40 - 41 .
mcleod , j . m . , 1966 . notes on the biology of a spruce needle - miner pulicalvaria piceaella ( kearfott ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . can . ent . 98 : 225 - 236 .
parsons , m . s . & honey , m . r . , 2017 . dichomeris acuminatus ( staudinger , 1876 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) new to the british isles . entomologist’s gazette 68 : 42 - 44 .
douglas , j . w . , 1849 . on the british species of the genus gelechia of zeller . trans . ent . soc . london 5 : 200 .
heckford , r . j . , 2004 . a note on the history and larvae of levipalpus hepatariella ( lien . & zell . , 1846 ) ( lepidoptera : oecophoridae ) and dichomeris juniperella ( linn . , 1761 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) in the british isles . entomologist’s gazette 55 : 1 - 13 .
sattler , k . 2011 . the original description of ephysteris inustella ( zeller , 1839 ) ( gelechiidae ) . nota lepidopterologica 34 ( 1 ) : 29 - 31 .
elsner , 2013 ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae ) . nota lepi . 40 ( 1 ) 2017 : 119 - 123 .
sumpich , j . & skyva , j . 2012 . new faunistic records for a number of microlepidoptera , including description of three new taxa from agonoxenidae , depressariidae , and gelechiidae ( gelechioidea ) . nota lepidopterologica 35 ( 2 ) : 161 - 179 . new species - greece .
heckford , r . j . & langmaid , j . r . , 1988 . eulamprotes phaeella sp . n . ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) in the british isles . entomologist’s gazette 39 : 1 - 11 .
heckford , r . j . , sattler , k . & york , p . v . , 1999 . the taxonomic status of eulamprotes immaculatella ( douglas , 1850 ) ( lepidoptera gelechiidae ) . entomologist’s gazette 50 : 155 - 160 .
bankes , e . r . , 1899 . aristotelia unicolorella , dp . identified as a british species . entomologist ' s monthly magazine 35 : 33 - 36 .
bond , k . g . m . , 1991 . eulamprotes wilkella ab . tarquiniella stainton ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) rediscovered in eastern ireland . entomologist ' s gazette 42 : 71 - 74 .
sterling , p . h . , 2008 . reappraisal of the life history of eulamprotes wilkella ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) , and its association with sand - hill screw - moss syntrichia ruraliformis ( besch . ) cardot . entomologist’s gazette 59 : 267 - 270 .
huemer , p . , elsner , g . & karsholt , o . , 2013 . review of the eulamprotes wilkella species - group based on morphology and dna barcodes , with descriptions of new taxa ( lepidoptera : glelechiidae ) . zootaxa 3746 ( 1 ) : 69 - 100 . urltoken
beavan , s . d . & heckford , r . j . , 2015 . eulamprotes wilkella ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) : further consideration of the larva and its biology , and of the forms of the adult . entomologist’s gazette 66 : 1 - 12 .
beavan , s . d . & heckford , r . j . , 2017 . eulamprotes wilkella ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) : further observations on the larva . entomologist’s gazette 68 : 1 - 2 .


the big-head seahorse ( hippocampus grandiceps ) is a seahorse of average size that inhabits the gulf of carpentaria in northern australia .

it reaches a maximum size of about 10 centimeters .

big - head seahorse

the big - head seahorse , hippocampus grandiceps , is a seahorse of average size that inhabits the gulf of carpentaria in northern australia . more
from the latin for large and head , in reference to its head which is proportionally larger than most other hippocampus species .
a bighead seahorse , hippocampus grandiceps . source : rudie kuiter / aquatic photographics . license : all rights reserved
“there were these three very normal puppies , and there was this one puppy with this ginormous melon head , ” dowling said . “so everyone was like , ‘oh , it’s the big head puppy . ’ i think she keeps meaning to change his name , but everyone has gotten so used to calling him bighead . ”
“it’s not unusual for litters to have different fathers , and to see a big diversity in those litters , ” dowling said .
as for whether bighead will grow into his larger - than - usual head , the jury is still out .
“it’s become such a big thing about what bighead is , ” dowling said . “there’s an internal contest with a gift card on the line . ”
from the greek , ippos = horse and kampe = curvature . the specific name grandiceps is from the latin grandis meaning large or great , and - ceps from the latin caput meaning head , in reference to the large head of this species .
endemic to tropical northern australia on the eastern side of the gulf of carpentaria , queensland . the bighead seahorse lives on soft bottom habitats is depths of 10 - 12 m .
bighead now has two big brothers — a weimaraner named otto and a great dane named dozer . despite their size difference , they both adore bighead — especially dozer .
dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 18 . pectoral fin rays usually 18 ; trunk rings 11 ; tail rings 32 - 33 ; head long , 94 - 103 % of trunk length ; head angled down to near trunk ( ref . 42735 ) .
kuiter , r . h . 2001 . revision of the australian seahorse of the genus hippocampus ( syngnathiformes : syngnathidae ) with descriptions of nine new species . rec . aust . mus . 53 : 293 - 340 .
while bighead’s brothers and sisters looked like normal , puppy - sized border collie mixes , bighead had short , stubby feet and a gigantic head — hence the name bighead .
the angled head , body patterns and shallow depth range of h . grandiceps suggest that it may inhabit more weedy areas than those populated by most other species with prominent spines .
“he’ll probably always be a short , stocky , stubby little dude , ” dowling said . “it would be interesting to see if he grows into that ginormous melon head of his . but i’m kind of inclined to say ‘no . ’”
greek , ippos = horse + greek , kampe = curvature ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; demersal ; amphidromous ; depth range ? - 10 m ( ref . 58018 ) . tropical
western central pacific : gulf of carpentaria , australia . international trade is monitored through a licensing system ( cites ii , since 5 . 15 . 04 ) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 10 . 5 cm ot ( female )
collected from shallow water ( ref . 42735 ) . maximum length is based on a straight - line length measurement from upper surface ( ignoring spines ) of first trunk ring , to tip of tail ( ref . 42735 ) . ovoviviparous ( ref . 205 ) . the male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail ( ref . 205 ) .
kuiter , r . h . , 2001 . revision of the australian seahorses of the genus hippocampus ( syngnathiformes : syngnathidae ) with descriptions of nine new species . rec . aus . mus . 53 : 293 - 340 . ( ref . 42735 )
) : 27 . 2 - 29 . 3 , mean 28 . 7 ( based on 996 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00427 ( 0 . 00164 - 0 . 01111 ) , b = 3 . 00 ( 2 . 78 - 3 . 22 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 ±0 . 5 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 11 of 100 ) .
collected from shallow water ( ref . 42735 ) . maximum length is based on a straight - line length measurement from upper surface ( ignoring spines ) of first trunk ring , to tip of tail ( ref . 42735 ) . ovoviviparous ( ref . 205 ) . the male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail ( ref . 205 ) .
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dianne j . bray & vanessa j . thompson , hippocampus grandiceps in fishes of australia , accessed 10 jul 2018 , urltoken
colour in life unknown . in preservative - pale brownish - grey with pale saddle - like areas on trunk and tail . snout with distinct dusky barring along entire length .
like other seahorses , this species presumably feeds by sucking small crustaceans and other planktonic organisms into its mouth .
reproduction : sexes separate , reproduction a form of viviparity or ovoviviparity , whereby the males give birth to tiny independent young . the female uses an ovipositor to transfer her eggs into an elaborate enclosed pouch under the abdomen of the male . the male not only fertilizes the eggs inside the pouch and provides physical protection for the developing embryos , he also osmoregulates and aerates the embryos and may provide some nourishment until the offfspring are born . eggs : not described . larvae : not described .
of no interest to fisheries . although taken as bycatch in the northern prawn fishery , there is no known trade in this species for the aquarium or traditional medicine industries .
international : listed under appendix ii of the convention on the international trade in endangered species of wild flora and fauna ( cites ) . urltoken . australian legislation : marine listed under the federal environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 ( epbc act 1999 ) . urltoken
h . grandiceps is most similar to h . multispinus , differing in its smaller size , in having shorter spines and males lacking elongate spines over the superior trunk ridge anterior to the dorsal fin .
hippocampus grandiceps kuiter 2001 , rec . aust . mus . 53 : 335 , fig 50 , west booby island , gulf of carpentaria , queensland .
hoese , d . f . , d . j . bray , j . r . paxton & g . r . allen . 2006 . fishes . in beesley , p . l . & a . wells . ( eds . ) zoological catalogue of australia . volume 35 . abrs & csiro publishing : australia part 1 , 2178 pp .
kuiter , r . h . 2000 . seahorses , pipefishes and their relatives . tmc publishing , chorleywood , uk , 240 pp .
pogonoski , j . j . , d . a . pollard & j . r . paxton . 2002 . conservation overview and action plan for australian threatened and potentially threatened marine and estuarine fishes , canberra , environment australia , 375 pp .
“i think she keeps meaning to change his name , but everyone has gotten so used to calling him bighead . ”
english bulldog . st . bernard . corgi . mastiff . chihuahua . lots of people have tried to guess which breeds went into the making of a puppy named bighead — but most haven’t gotten it right .
this past june , bighead and his four littermates arrived at the humane society silicon valley in california when they were only 6 weeks old .
“the four of them were found as strays , and a good samaritan brought them in , ” finnegan dowling , content marketing manager for humane society silicon valley , told the dodo .
lauren gallagher , who works in the finance department of humane society silicon valley , took the four puppies into foster care at her home — but she took a particular liking to bighead , who had a very unusual look about him .
the reason bighead looks different from his littermates remains a mystery , but dowling suspects that the litter may have had more than one dad .
bighead’s unusual looks prompted workers at humane society silicon valley to get his doggy dna tested . while they waited for the results , everyone tried their best to guess .
“he is 25 percent shar - pei , 25 percent boxer , 12 . 5 american staffordshire terrier mix , 12 . 5 percent border collie , 12 . 5 percent lhasa apso and the rest are mixed - breed groups , ” dowling said . she also made an official announcement on the organization’s facebook page today .
“ [ dozer ] is really gentle , ” dowling said . “he just gets down on his belly and plays with him . ”
when it came time for bighead and his littermates to find forever homes , gallagher decided that bighead wasn’t going anywhere .
“i would say that she [ gallagher ] has fostered dozens , if not hundreds , of puppies for us , and has never kept one , ” dowling said . “but she kept bighead . ”
“bighead’s enormously happy in his home , ” dowling added .
he kind of won the dog lotto by getting adopted by lauren . ”
gallagher also brings bighead to the office every day , so dowling and everyone else gets to see him on a regular basis .
“he’s ridiculously spoiled because he gets carried all over the place , ” dowling said . “people are just constantly picking him up and carrying him around and taking him to different meetings . he’s a very sweet , social little guy . he’s definitely the office darling . ”
to see more pictures of bighead and his adopted brothers , you can follow his instagram page . if you’re interested in getting a dog from humane society silicon valley , check out their adoption listings .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .


bacteridium bermudense is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family pyramidellidae , the pyrams and their allies .

the species remains within the bacteridium genus of gastropods , with the exception of the other three related species being bacteridium carinatum , bacteridium resticulum and bacteridium vittatum .

bacteridium bermudense

a shell image ( reproduced below as fig . 4 ) putatively ( and incorrectly ) captioned bacteridium resticulum as treated by the world
* these two genera , ebala and bacteridium , while not very closely related phylogenetically have
astonishingly similar shells
and can only be distinguished by the presence of a bizarre
jaw apparatus
characteristic of the murchisonellids ( warén , 1994 ) .
rosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garcía , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579–699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
mörch o . a . l . ( 1875 ) . synopsis molluscorum marinorum indiarum occidentalium imprimis insularum danicarum . malakozoologische blätter , 22 : 142 - 184 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 169 [ details ]
careliopsis octona sensu jong and coomans , 1988 ( 131 ; sp . no . 680 ; pl . 21 , fig . 680 ) not turbonilla ( eulimella ) [ sect . stylopsis ] octona of guppy in guppy and dall , 1897 ( 317 ; pl . 27 , fig , 6 )
ebala resticula sensu deng , 2011 ( 165 - 166 ; sp . no . 638 ; figs . 638 ) not eulimella ( stylopsis ) resticula of dall , 1889 ( 338 [ unfigured ] ) ; see fig . 2 below .
sensu redfern , 2013 ( 246 ; sp . no . 693 ; figs . 693a , b ) not
of dall and bartsch , 1911 ( 279 ; pl . 1 , fig . 4 ) ; see fig 3 below
, eulimella , stylopsis , or turbonilla to which they ' d been variously assigned over the years .
however , a review of absalão and pimenta ( 2001 : 43 ; figs . 1 - 4 ) confirms redfern ' s position as well as the synonymy of turbonilla bartschi aguayo and rehder , 1936 based on figures of their respective holotypes .
that ' s not all : while the brazilian workers found no spiral sculpture on the holotypes of these two taxa , they did on the holotype of turbonilla ( stylopsis ) octona guppy in guppy in dall , 1897 and synonymized it with eulimella ( stylopsis ) resticula dall , 1889 refuting two or the three original descriptions above . all the preceding observations demonstrate the folly of total reliance of original descriptions ( and figures ) in proper taxonomy !
redfern ( loc . cit . , sp . 694 ; 5 figures ) also treats an un - named ebala , which species appears to be identical to pliocene material from the pinecrest beds of the upper tamiami formation , sarasota co . , fl . see <
> , where the image of a recent specimen of e . resticula is also posted .
dall , w . h . , 1889 . reports on the results of dredgings , under the supervision of alexander agassiz , in the gulf of mexico ( 1877 - 78 ) and in the caribbean sea ( 1879 - 80 ) , by the u . s . coast survey steamer ' blake . ' bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology 18 : 1 - 492 , pls . 10 - 40 . 8 june .
dall , w . h . and p . bartsch . 1911 . new species of shells from bermuda . proceedings of the united states national museum 40 ( 1820 ) : 277 - 288 , pl . 35 . 8 may .
dejong , k . m . and h . e . coomans , 1988 . marine gastropods from curaçao , aruba and bonaire . studies on the fauna of curaçao and other caribbean islands 69 : 1 - 261 , 47 pls deng yan zhang , 2012 . antiguan shallow - water seashells a collection with 18 years study and research of shoreline shells from antigua and west indies . mdm publishing , wellington , fl . xi + 1 - ( 211 ) . + 22 item errata sheet . march .
guppy , r . j . l and w . h . dall , 1896 descriptions of fossils from the antillean region . proceedings of the united states national museum 19 : 303 - 331 , pls . 27 - 30 .
mörch , 1875 ( gastropoda : pyramidellidae ) from the east coast of south america .
. bahamianseashells . com , inc : boca raton , fl . 501 pp .
warén , a . , 1994 systematic position and validity of ebala gray , 1847 ( ebalidae fam . n . , pyramidelloidea , heterobranchia . bollettino malacologico 30 ( 5 - 9 ) : 203 - 210 . 30 nov . <
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» species turbonilla ( dunkeria ) eritima e . a . smith , 1890 accepted as turbonilla eritima e . a . smith , 1890 ( basionym )
species turbonilla abrupta clessin , 1902 accepted as turbonilla nesiotes pimenta & absalão , 1998 ( invalid : junior homonym of turbonilla abrupta bush , 1899 ; t . nesiotes is a replacement name )
species turbonilla acosta bartsch , 1919 accepted as derjuginella rufofasciata ( e . a . smith , 1875 )
species turbonilla albella a . adams , 1861 accepted as turbonilla orientica corgan , 1970 ( non lovén , 1846 )
species turbonilla angusta gabb , 1873 † accepted as turbonilla angustula pilsbry & johnson , 1917 † accepted as chemnitzia angustula ( pilsbry & johnson , 1917 ) † ( invalid : treated by pilsbry & johnson as a secondary homonym of turbonilla angusta ( carpenter , 1864 ) ; t . angustula is a replacement name )
species turbonilla antiqua p . marshall , 1919 † accepted as pyrgiscilla hampdenensis ( r . s . allan , 1926 ) † accepted as pyrgiscus hampdenensis ( r . s . allan , 1926 ) †
species turbonilla areolata a . e . verrill , 1873 accepted as turbonilla interrupta ( totten , 1835 )
species turbonilla awamoaensis p . marshall & murdoch , 1921 † accepted as eulimella awamoaensis p . marshall & murdoch , 1921 †
species turbonilla bathyraphe g . b . sowerby iii , 1901 accepted as peristichia bathyraphe ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1901 ) ( original combination )
species turbonilla bella dall & bartsch , 1906 accepted as turbonilla varicosa ( a . adams , 1855 )
species turbonilla cancellata w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as pyrgiscus altenai van aartsen & corgan , 1996 ( invalid : junior homonym of turbonilla cancellata holmes , 1860 ; pyrgiscus altenai is a replacement name )
species turbonilla candida de folin , 1870 accepted as syrnola etiennei ( dautzenberg , 1912 ) ( preoccupied by turbonilla candida a . adams , 1855 )
species turbonilla corintoensis [ sic ] accepted as turbonilla corintonis hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 ( misspelling )
species turbonilla cornelliana ( newcomb , 1870 ) accepted as turbonilla varicosa ( a . adams , 1855 )
species turbonilla decussata pease , 1861 accepted as turbonilla varicosa ( a . adams , 1855 )
species turbonilla elegans verrill , 1872 accepted as turbonilla elegantula a . e . verrill , 1882 ( preoccupied by turbonilla elegans d ' orbigny , 1841 )
species turbonilla elegantula ( a . adams , 1860 ) accepted as asmunda elegantula ( a . adams , 1860 )
species turbonilla elongata castellanos , 1982 accepted as turbonilla zulmae pimenta & absalão , 1998 ( invalid : junior homonym of turbonilla elongata pease , 1861 ; t . zulmae is a replacement name )
species turbonilla evermanni baker , hanna & a . m . strong , 1928 accepted as murchisonella evermanni ( baker , hanna & a . m . strong , 1928 ) ( original combination )
species turbonilla formosa verrill & s . smith [ in verrill ] , 1880 accepted as turbonilla bushiana a . e . verrill , 1882 ( preoccupied by chemnitzia formosa klipst , 1856 and turbonilla formosa vincent and rutot , 1879 )
species turbonilla gracillima gabb , 1865 accepted as chemnitzia gabbiana j . g . cooper , 1867 accepted as turbonilla gabbiana ( j . g . cooper , 1867 ) ( junior secondary homonym of chemnitzia gracillima carpenter , 1857 ; chemnitzia gabbiana is a replacement name )
species turbonilla grossa j . t . marshall , 1894 accepted as turbonilla sinuosa ( jeffreys , 1884 ) ( synonym )
species turbonilla hampdenensis finlay , 1927 † accepted as pyrgiscilla hampdenensis ( r . s . allan , 1926 ) † accepted as pyrgiscus hampdenensis ( r . s . allan , 1926 ) †
species turbonilla hampdenensis r . s . allan , 1926 † accepted as pyrgiscilla hampdenensis ( r . s . allan , 1926 ) † accepted as pyrgiscus hampdenensis ( r . s . allan , 1926 ) †
species turbonilla helena thiele , 1925 accepted as turbonilla indonesiae van aartsen & corgan , 1996 ( invalid : junior homonym of turbonilla helena semper , 1861 and t . helena bartsch , 1915 ; turbonilla indonesiae is a replacement name )
species turbonilla hemphilli bartsch , 1917 accepted as turbonilla vix pimenta & absalão , 1998 ( invalid : junior homonym of turbonilla hemphilli bush , 1899 ; t . vix is a replacement name )
species turbonilla hoecki [ sic ] accepted as turbonilla hoeki dautzenberg & h . fischer , 1896 ( misspelling )
risso , a . ( 1826 - 1827 ) . histoire naturelle des principales productions de l ' europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de nice et des alpes maritimes . paris , levrault : vol . 1 : xii + 448 pp . , 1 map [ 1826 ] ; vol . 2 : vii + 482 pp . , 8 pls [ november 1827 ] ; vol . 3 : xvi + 480 pp . , 14 pls [ september 1827 ] ; vol . 4 : iv + 439 pp . , 12 pls [ november 1826 ] ; vol . 5 : viii + 400 pp . , 10 pls [ november 1827 ] . . 3 ( xvi ) : 1 - 480 , 14 pls . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 224 [ details ]
robba e . ( 2013 ) tertiary and quaternary fossil pyramidelloidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 144 : 1 - 191 . [ april 2013 ] [ details ]
( of turbonilla ( turbonilla ) risso , 1826 ) howson , c . m . ; picton , b . e . ( 1997 ) . the species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the british isles and surrounding seas . ulster museum publication , 276 . the ulster museum : belfast , uk . isbn 0 - 948150 - 06 - 8 . vi , 508 ( + cd - rom ) pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of turbonilla ( cylindriturbonilla ) nordsieck , 1972 ) howson , c . m . ; picton , b . e . ( 1997 ) . the species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the british isles and surrounding seas . ulster museum publication , 276 . the ulster museum : belfast , uk . isbn 0 - 948150 - 06 - 8 . vi , 508 ( + cd - rom ) pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of turbonilla ( cyrtoturbonilla ) nordsieck , 1972 ) howson , c . m . ; picton , b . e . ( 1997 ) . the species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the british isles and surrounding seas . ulster museum publication , 276 . the ulster museum : belfast , uk . isbn 0 - 948150 - 06 - 8 . vi , 508 ( + cd - rom ) pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of dunkeria carpenter , 1857 ) howson , c . m . ; picton , b . e . ( 1997 ) . the species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the british isles and surrounding seas . ulster museum publication , 276 . the ulster museum : belfast , uk . isbn 0 - 948150 - 06 - 8 . vi , 508 ( + cd - rom ) pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of turbonilla ( graciliturbonilla ) nordsieck , 1972 ) howson , c . m . ; picton , b . e . ( 1997 ) . the species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the british isles and surrounding seas . ulster museum publication , 276 . the ulster museum : belfast , uk . isbn 0 - 948150 - 06 - 8 . vi , 508 ( + cd - rom ) pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of turbonilla ( chemnitzia ) d ' orbigny , 1839 ) vaught , k . c . ; tucker abbott , r . ; boss , k . j . ( 1989 ) . a classification of the living mollusca . american malacologists : melbourne . isbn 0 - 915826 - 22 - 4 . xii , 195 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of chemnitzia d ' orbigny , 1840 ) landau b . m . & lafollette p . i . ( 2015 ) . the pyramidellidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) from the miocene cantaure formation of venezuela . cainozoic research . 15 ( 1 - 2 ) : 13 - 54 . note : genus treated as valid [ details ]
new marine mollusks from cuba memorias de la sociedad cubana de historia natural 9 263 - 268 , pl . 24 . [ stated date : 13 jan 1936 . ]
new species of shells from bermuda proceedings of the united states national museum 40 ( 1820 ) 277 - 288 , pl . 35 . [ stated date : 08 may 1911 . ]
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amastra elongata was a species of air-breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family amastridae .

this species was endemic to oʻahu .

amastra elongata

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cowie , r . h . , n . l . evenhuis , c . c . christensen . 1995b . catalog of the native land and freshwater molluscs of the hawaiian islands . backhuys publishers : leiden , the netherlands . 248 pp .
extinct ( hawaii biological survey web site http : / hbs . bishopmuseum . org / endangered / ext - snails . html , updated 9 february 1997 ) .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
this species was originally described from oahu , hawaiian islands ( johnson , 1996 ) .
occurrences are based on some evidence of historical or current presence of single or multiple specimens , including live specimens or recently dead shells ( i . e . , soft tissue still attached without signs of external weathering or staining ) , at a given location with potentially recurring existence . weathered shells constitute a historic occurrence . evidence is derived from reliable published observation or collection data ; unpublished , though documented ( i . e . government or agency reports , web sites , etc . ) observation or collection data ; or museum specimen information .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
caum , e . l . 1974 . check list of hawaiian land and fresh water mollusca . bulletin of the bernice p . bishop museum , honolulu , 56 : 1 - 80 .
johnson , r . i . 1996 . types of land and freshwater mollusks from the hawaiian islands in the museum of comparative zoology , bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology , harvard university , 155 ( 4 ) : 159 - 214 .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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the brownstriped grunt ( anisotremus moricandi ) is a species of grunt native to the atlantic waters off brazil , where it can be found at depths of 9 to 12 m ( 30 to 39 ft ) .

it can reach 15.1 cm ( 5.9 in ) in sl .

brownstriped grunt

brownstriped grunt anisotremus moricandi - / animals / aquatic / fish / g / grunt / brownstriped _ grunt _ _ anisotremus _ moricandi . png . html
the brownstriped grunt primarily inhabits rocky reefs in shallow , turbid water ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) .
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arkive species - brownstriped grunt ( anisotremus moricandi )
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arkive species - brownstriped grunt ( anisotremus moricandi )
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brownstriped grunt
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glenn , c . r . 2006 .
earth ' s endangered creatures - brownstriped grunt facts
( online ) - licensed article from wikipedia : the free encyclopedia . accessed
the primary threat to the brownstriped grunt is habitat degradation , with recreational activities , high sedimentation rates from runoff , and pollution all contributing to a decline in the quality of this species’ reef habitat ( 3 ) . although not of commercial importance ( 2 ) , the brownstriped grunt is taken incidentally in other fisheries and is being increasingly caught for the marine aquarium trade ( 3 ) .
facts summary : the brownstriped grunt ( anisotremus moricandi ) is a species of concern belonging in the species group
fishes
and found in the following area ( s ) : brazil , colombia , panama , venezuela .
there are currently no known conservation measures in place for the brownstriped grunt , but specific recommendations have been made for the protection of its reef habitat , through the designation of marine protected areas , and the regulation of its exploitation . in addition , owing to the paucity of information available on this species , further research into its ecology and population parameters is considered a high priority ( 3 ) .
the brownstriped grunt appears to be a nocturnal species , spending considerable time during the day hidden in reef crevices ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . although it was originally thought to be solitary ( 4 ) , observations have been made of this species in small groups comprising up to 12 individuals ( 3 ) . its diet is poorly known , but analyses of stomach contents indicate an omnivorous diet that includes crabs , gastropods , polychaete worms and algae ( 3 ) ( 4 ) .
although the brownstriped grunt was discovered as long ago as 1842 , very little is known about this reef fish , having been misidentified on several occasions prior to its eventual rediscovery in 1982 ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . it is a relatively small species of anisotremus , with a deep , compressed body . the head and body are primarily dark - brown in colour , with six narrow whitish - gold , horizontal stripes , giving the converse impression of six wide brown stripes , hence the common name . the pelvic fins are black , while the other fins are light yellow ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . all species in the family haemulidae are known as grunts because of the noise they make by grinding their well - developed pharyngeal teeth together ( 5 ) .
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eschmeyer , w . n . ( ed . ) . 2015 . catalog of fishes . updated 2 june 2015 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 2 june 2015 ) .
anderson , w . , claro , r . , cowan , j . , lindeman , k . , padovani - ferreira , b . , rocha , l . a . & sedberry , g .
comeros - raynal , m . , linardich , c . & polidoro , b .
justification : this species was previously assessed as endangered in 1996 under vers 2 . 3 criteria ( 1994 ) , it is now known to be relatively widespread on the atlantic coast of south america and brazil . there is currently little evidence of population declines from fishing . it can be very common in brazil which corresponds to at least 50 % of its range and it is not heavily fished . export prohibition is in place in brazil for the ornamental trade . it is listed as least concern . the species is associated with hardbottom habitats and could incur local impacts in the event of loss of hardbottom or associated coral habitats .
1999 , dias 2007 , r . robertson pers . comm . 2014 ) . its depth range is 2 - 12 m .
this species is common in parts of its range . for example , it is very common in northeastern and eastern brazilian coastal reefs ( dias 2007 , chaves et al . 2010 , l . a . rocha pers . comm . 2015 ) and in the espirito santo state . this species has shown significant differences in abundance at two reef sampling locations in brazil ( 5 % frequency / 0 . 6 % abundance ) on a reef visited frequently by recreational boaters and tourists ; ( 18 . 33 % frequency / 1 . 34 % abundance ) in a reef not frequently visited by recreational boaters and tourists ( medeiros et al . 2007 ) . it is rare and appears only in spotty localities where it ranges outside brazil in the southern caribbean ( j . tavera and a . acero pers . comm . 2015 ) .
this species is typically found in association with hardbottom reef habitats . although this species has been thought to avoid blue - water insular conditions , with a preference for turbid waters , recent observations have shown this species to remain in environments that experience seasonal fluctuations in turbidity due to rain ( dias 2007 ) . this species has been observed in tropical coastal rock reef tidepools ( cunha et al . 2008 ) . this species is often solitary and nocturnal , frequenting reef crevices during daylight . however , it also exhibits diurnal and gregarious habits , mixing with other haemulid species or schooling with conspecifics ( nunes and sampaio 2006 ) . gut content analysis from one individual revealed the digested remains of crabs , filamentous algae , gastropod shells and polychaete worms ( acero and garzon 1982 ) .
in some coastal areas of brazil , this species is used as food by small - scale fishers and it is caught by spearfishing , net fishing , and hook and line ( dias 2007 ) . this species does not appear to be a main target , neither for commercial or artisanal fisheries in the states of bahia and paraiba , brazil ( nunes and sampaio 2006 ) . this species is not highly commercially exploited in northeastern brazil ( nunes and sampaio 2006 , dias 2007 ) . the species has been cited as experiencing substantial fishing pressure in the guarapari islands , brazil ( floeter et al . 2006 ) , but there is little empirical evidence of this pressure ( l . rocha pers . comm . 2011 ) . it is a minor component of the aquarium trade ( gasparini et al . 2005 ) .
anisotremus moricandi is of relatively minor commercial importance and is rarely targeted . there are no major threats from fisheries . populations can be impacted by human activities in coastal areas , both on reefs and in tidepool habitats ( dias 2007 ) . unregulated recreational boating and tourist activity on reefs has been shown to negatively affect abundance of this species on reefs ( medeiros et al . 2007 ) . high sedimentation rates coming from land discharges of pollutants that reach coastal reefs may also negatively affect this species ( hodgson 1999 ) . additionally , tidepools may be impacted by development in the coastal zone ( cunha et al . 2008 ) .
it has been suggested that strategies to conserve a . moricandi populations in ne brazil should place strong emphasis on the conservation of their habitats , especially the biogenic coastal reefs ( nunes and sampaio 2006 , dias 2007 ) . in brazil , this species is not included in the list of species that can be exported , protecting this species from ornamental trade exploitation . since the listing , there has been been an increase in the number of brazilian reef fish studies over the past decade , many of which have cited this and other endangered brazilian species as reasons to establish and monitor marine protected areas ( chaves et al . 2010 ) .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
anderson , w . , claro , r . , cowan , j . , lindeman , k . , padovani - ferreira , b . , rocha , l . a . & sedberry , g . 2015 .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2015 : e . t1308a115056181 .
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greek , anisos = unequal + greek , trema , - atos = hole ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; demersal ; depth range 9 - 12 m ( ref . 40101 ) . tropical ; 10°n - 16°s , 82°w - 34°w
west atlantic : panama , colombia , aruba , orchilla island ( venezuela ) and brazil .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 15 . 1 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 40101 )
hilton - taylor , c . , 2000 . 2000 iucn red list of threatened species . iucn , gland , switzerland and cambridge , uk . xviii + 61 p . ( with 1 cd - rom ) . ( ref . 36508 )
) : 27 - 28 . 3 , mean 27 . 5 ( based on 106 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5039 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01622 ( 0 . 00743 - 0 . 03541 ) , b = 3 . 03 ( 2 . 85 - 3 . 21 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 25 of 100 ) .
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a seemingly discontinuous distribution in the western atlantic , with records from the coasts of panama , aruba , columbia , orchila island ( venezuela ) , and brazil , from ceará to espirito santo ( 2 ) ( 3 ) .
classified as endangered ( en ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
acero , p . a . and garzón , f . j . ( 1982 ) rediscovery of anisotremus moricandi ( perciformes : haemulidae ) , including a redescription of the species and comments on its ecology and distribution . copeia , 1982 ( 3 ) : 613 - 618 .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
gastropods a group of molluscs that have a well - defined head , an unsegmented body and a broad , flat foot . they can possess a single , usually coiled , shell or no shell at all . includes slugs , snails and limpets . nocturnal active at night . omnivorous feeding on both plants and animals . pharyngeal to do with the pharynx or throat . polychaete worms polychaeta means ‘many bristled’ ; this class of worms are segmented and bear many ‘chaetae’ ( bristles ) .
carpenter , k . e . ( 2002 ) the living marine resources of the western central atlantic . volume 3 : bony fishes . part 2 ( opistognathidae to molidae ) , sea turtles and marine mammals . food and agriculture organization of the united nations , rome .
dias , t . l . p . ( 2007 ) what do we know about anisotremus moricandi ( teleostei : haemulidae ) , an endangered reef fish ? . biota neotropica , 7 ( 2 ) : 317 - 319 .
acero , p . a . and garzón , f . j . ( 1982 ) rediscovery of anisotremus moricandi ( perciformes : haemulidae ) , including a redescription of the species and comments on its ecology and distribution . copeia , 1982 ( 3 ) : 613 - 618 .
campbell , a . and dawes , j . ( 2004 ) encyclopedia of underwater life . oxford university press , oxford .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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