mitsukurina is a genus of mackerel shark in the family mitsukurinidae .

it contains one extant species , the goblin shark ( m. owstoni ) and more extinct species .

the genus was described by american ichthyologist david starr jordan in 1898 .

mitsukurina

the goblin shark ( mitsukurina owstoni ) is a rare , poorly known species . . .
dana campbell added text to
brief summary
on
mitsukurina owstoni jordan , 1898
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goblin shark , mitsukurina owstoni , australian museum biology of the goblin shark ( mitsukurina owstoni ) - reefquest centre for shark research ellis , richard the book of sharks . alfred a . knopf , 1996
kento furui added the japanese common name
ミツクリザメ
to
mitsukurina owstoni jordan , 1898
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scapanorhynchus mitsukurii white , 1937 : 29 ( error for mitsukurina owstoni jordan , 1898 ) . japan .
dana campbell selected
brief summary
to show in overview on
mitsukurina owstoni jordan , 1898
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duffy , c . 1997 . futher records of the goblin shark , mitsukurina owstoni ( lamniformes : mitsukurinidae ) , from new zealand .
the goblin shark was first described in 1898 , by jordan , as mitsukurina . this genus has been synonymized with the fossil scapanorhynchus described by woodward , 1889 . the relationship between the two genus has been debated . currently , the mitsukurina family includes mitsukurina owstoni and the fossil species of scapanorhynchus and anomotodon . other synonymous names include odontaspis nautus branganza 1904 , scapanorhynchus jordani hussakof 1909 , and scapanorhynchus dofleini engelhardt 1912 .
dana campbell marked the classification from
species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013
as preferred for
mitsukurina owstoni jordan , 1898
.
purdy , r . ( 2005 ) .
is striatolamia a junior synonym of mitsukurina ?
. journal of vertebrate paleontology 25 ( 3 ) : 102a .
to cite this page : bizer , s . 2004 .
mitsukurina owstoni
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
head of a juvenile goblin shark , mitsukurina owstoni , with the jaws protruded showing the long slender teeth . source : dianne j . bray / museum victoria . license : cc by attribution
martin , r . 1999 .
biology of sharks and rays : biology of the goblin shark ( mitsukurina owstoni )
( on - line ) . accessed march 16 , 2003 at urltoken .
duffy , c . 1997 . futher records of the goblin shark , mitsukurina owstoni ( lamniformes : mitsukurinidae ) , from new zealand . new zealand journal of zoology , 24 : 167 - 171 .
bean , b . a . 1905 . notes on an adult goblin shark ( mitsukurina owstoni ) of japan . proc . u . s . natl . mus . 28 ( 1409 ) : 815 - 818 .
duffy , c . a . j . ( 1997 ) . further records of the goblin shark , mitsukurina owstoni ( lamniformes : mitsukurinidae ) , from new zealand . new zealand journal of zoology 24 : 167 - 171 .
ugoretz , j . k . and seigel , j . a . 1999 . first eastern pacific record of the goblin shark , mitsukurina owstoni ( lamniformes : mitsukurinidae ) . california fish and game . 85 ( 3 ) : 118–120 .
mitsukurina owstoni jordan 1898 , proc . calif . acad . sci . ( 3 ) 1 ( 6 ) : 200 , pls . 11 - 12 . type locality : misaki , sagami sea , near yokohama , japan , western north pacific .
jordan , david starr . 1898 . description of a species of fish ( mitsukurina owstoni ) from japan , the type of a distinct family of lamnoid sharks . proc . calif . acad . sci . 1 ( 6 ) : 199 - 204 .
duffy , c . a . j . ; ebert , d . a . ; stenberg , c . ( 2004 ) .
mitsukurina owstoni
. iucn red list of threatened species . version 2012 . 2 . international union for conservation of nature .
caira , j . n . ; runkle , l . s . ( 1993 ) .
2 new tapeworms from the goblin shark mitsukurina owstoni off australia
. systematic parasitology 26 ( 2 ) : 81–90 . doi : 10 . 1007 / bf00009215 .
mitsukurina is named after keigo mitsukuri , a japanese zoologist who studied at university college london during the 1860 ' s . the species owstoni was named in honour of alan owston ( 1853 - 1915 ) , an english collector , primarily of wildlife in asia .
scientific synonyms and common names mitsukurina owstoni jordan , 1898 synonyms : mitsukurina owstoni jordan , 1898 mitsukurina owstoni j ordan , 1898 , proc . calif . acad . sci . , ( ser . 3 ) 1 ( 6 ) : 199 - 201 , pl . 11 - 12 ( ' in deep water near yokohama ' ) . holotype : mut . odontaspis nasutus bragança , 1904 : res . invest . sci . amelia : 49 , fig . 1 . mitsukurina owstoni : osorio , 1909 : 40 - 48 , pl . 1 seabra , 1911 : 194 lozano rey , 1928 : 406 - 410 nobre , 1935 : 435 - 438 signeux , 1949 : 633 - 638 ( discussion of relation to fossil forms ) quéro & verron , 1975 : 99 , fig . 1 . gueguen et al . , 1977 : 182 du buit et al . , 1977 : 186 . scapanorhynchus owstoni : garman , 1913 : 28 - 29 ( anatomy , pl . 40 , 51 , 56 ) fowler , 1941 : 123 - 124 quero , 1972 : 168 - 170 , fig . odontaspis nasutus : nobre , 1935 : 432 - 435 , fig . 185 - 187 helling , 1940 : 10 . goncalves , 1941 : 4 quéro , 1970 : 281 gueguen & quéro , 1974 : 182 . mitsukurina nasutus : albuquerque , 1954 - 1956 : 82 - 83 , fig . 47 . mitsukurina , sp . : quéro et al . , 1976 : 180 , fig . 3 . common names : goblin shark [ en ] requin lutin [ fr ] tiburon duende [ es ]
parsons , g . r . , ingram jr . , g . w . and havard , r . 2002 . first record of the goblin shark mitsukurina owstoni , jordan ( family mitsukurinidae ) in the gulf of mexico . southeastern naturalist 1 ( 2 ) : 189–192 .
uyeno , t . , k . nakamura & s . mikami . 1976 . on the body coloration and an abnormal specimen of the goblin shark , mitsukurina owstoni jordan . bull . kanagawa prefect . mus . ( nat . sci . ) 9 : 67 - 70 .
izawa , k . ( 2012 ) .
echthrogaleus mitsukurinae sp . nov . ( copepoda , siphonostomatoida , pandaridae ) infesting the goblin shark mitsukurina owstoni jordan , 1898 in japanese waters
. crustaceana 85 ( 1 ) : 81–87 . doi : 10 . 1163 / 156854012x623674 .
duffy , c . a . j . , ebert , d . a . & stenberg , c . 2004 . mitsukurina owstoni . in : iucn 2012 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2012 . 1 . < urltoken > . downloaded on 08 august 2012 .
stevens , j . d . & j . r . paxton . 1985 . a new record of the goblin shark , mitsukurina owstoni ( family mitsukurinidae ) , from eastern australia . proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales 108 ( 1 ) : 37 - 45 .
citation :
goblin sharks , mitsukurina owstoni ~ marinebio . org .
marinebio conservation society . web . accessed monday , july 9 , 2018 . < urltoken > . last update : 1 / 14 / 2013 2 : 22 : 00 pm ~ contributor ( s ) : marinebio
jordan , d . s . ( 1898 ) .
description of a species of fish ( mitsukurina owstoni ) from japan , the type of a distinct family of lamnoid sharks
. proceedings of the california academy of sciences ( series 3 ) zoology 1 ( 6 ) : 199–204 .
bean , b . a . ( 1905 ) .
notes on an adult goblin shark ( mitsukurina owstoni ) of japan
. proceedings of the united states national museum 28 ( 1409 ) : 815–818 . doi : 10 . 5479 / si . 00963801 . 28 - 1409 . 815 .
duffy , c . a . j . ( 1997 ) .
further records of the goblin shark , mitsukurina owstoni ( lamniformes : mitsukurinidae ) , from new zealand
. new zealand journal of zoology 24 ( 2 ) : 167–171 . doi : 10 . 1080 / 03014223 . 1997 . 9518111 .
yano , k . & miya , m . & aizawa , m . & noichi , t . 2007 . some aspects of the biology of the goblin shark , mitsukurina owstoni , collected from the tokyo submarine canyon and adjacent waters , japan . ichthyological research 54 ( 4 ) : 388 - 398 .
rincon , g . ; vaske , t . ; gadig , o . b . ( 2012 ) .
record of the goblin shark mitsukurina owstoni ( chondrichthyes : lamniformes : mitsukurinidae ) from the south - western atlantic
. marine biodiversity records 5 : e44 . doi : 10 . 1017 / s1755267211000923 .
jordan , d . s . 1898 . description of a species of fish ( mitsukurina owstoni ) from japan , the type of a distinct family of lamnoid sharks . proc . calif . acad . scl , ( 3 ) zool . , 1 ( 6 ) : 199 - 204 , pl . 11 - 12 .
mitsukurina owstoni is almost certainly ovoviviparous , where embryos feed on yolk sacs and other ova ( eggs ) produced by the mother and hatch within her body . as in other lamnoids ; no pregnant specimen has been collected , thus no data is available on gestation period , number of pups , pupping season , or nursery grounds .
yano , k . ; miya , m . ; aizawa , m . ; noichi , t . ( 2007 ) .
some aspects of the biology of the goblin shark , mitsukurina owstoni , collected from the tokyo submarine canyon and adjacent waters , japan
. ichthyological research 54 ( 4 ) : 388–398 . doi : 10 . 1007 / s10228 - 007 - 0414 - 2 .
mitsukurina owstoni jordan , 1898 , proc . calif . acad . sci . ser . 3 ( zool . ) , 1 : 200 , pls . 11 - 12 . holotype : zoological museum , university of tokyo , 107 cm immature male , near yokohama , japan , in deep water . holotype lost , according to eschmeyer ( 1998 , cat . fish . : cd - rom ) .
nakaya , k . , tomita , t . , suda , k . , sato , k . , ogimoto , k . , chappell , a . , sato , t . , takano , k . m & y . yuki , 2016 . slingshot feeding of the goblin shark mitsukurina owstoni ( pisces : lamniformes : mitsukurinidae ) . scientific reports 6 , article number : 27786 online 212 june 2016 .
parsons , g . r . ; ingram , g . w . ; havard , r . ( 2002 ) .
first record of the goblin shark mitsukurina owstoni , jordan ( family mitsukurinidae ) in the gulf of mexico
. southeastern naturalist 1 ( 2 ) : 189–192 . doi : 10 . 1656 / 1528 - 7092 ( 2002 ) 001 [ 0189 : frotgs ] 2 . 0 . co ; 2 .
research mitsukurina owstoni » barcode of life ~ bioone ~ biodiversity heritage library ~ cites ~ cornell macaulay library [ audio / video ] ~ encyclopedia of life ( eol ) ~ esa online journals ~ fishbase ~ florida museum of natural history ichthyology department ~ gbif ~ google scholar ~ itis ~ iucn redlist ( threatened status ) ~ marine species identification portal ~ ncbi ( pubmed , genbank , etc . ) ~ ocean biogeographic information system ~ plos ~ siris ~ tree of life web project ~ unep - wcmc species database ~ worms
v . 1 ( 1897 - 99 ) - proceedings of the california academy of sciences . - biodiversity heritage library
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after keigo mitsukuri ; he worked in zoological names with y . iwasaki , 1896 ; imperial university
marine ; bathydemersal ; depth range 30 - 1300 m ( ref . 43278 ) , usually 270 - 960 m ( ref . 43278 ) . deep - water ; 48°n - 55°s , 180°w - 180°e
western atlantic : guyana ( ref . 6871 ) , suriname ( ref . 13608 , 11228 ) and french guiana . eastern atlantic : france ( bay of biscay ) , madeira , portugal , and south africa . western indian ocean : off south africa . western pacific : japan , australia ( south australia , new south wales ) , new zealand ( ref . 26346 ) . eastern pacific : usa ( southern california ) ( ref . 43278 ) .
maturity : l m ? , range 264 - 322 cm max length : 617 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 83323 ) ; common length : 200 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5217 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 0 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 0 . flat , bladelike , elongated snout , tiny eyes without nictitating eyelids , soft , flabby body , slender , very long cusped teeth in long , protrusible jaws , long caudal fin without a ventral lobe ( ref . 247 ) . pinkish - white with bluish fins , becoming brownish grey after death ( ref . 5578 , 11228 ) .
found on outer continental shelves and upper slopes , but rarely in shallow water close inshore ( ref . 247 , 43278 ) . jaws are highly specialized for rapid projection from the head to snap up small animals ( ref . 247 ) . feeds on jacopever , pelagic octopus and crabs ( ref . 5578 ) . ovoviviparous , embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother ( ref . 50449 ) . probably slow - moving and neutrally buoyant ( ref . 6871 ) . utilized dried salted ( ref . 247 )
exhibit ovoviparity ( aplacental viviparity ) , with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother ( oophagy ) after the yolk sac is absorbed ( ref . 247 , 50449 ) . distinct pairing with embrace ( ref . 205 ) .
compagno , l . j . v . , 1984 . fao species catalogue . vol . 4 . sharks of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date . part 1 - hexanchiformes to lamniformes . fao fish . synop . 125 ( 4 / 1 ) : 1 - 249 . rome , fao . ( ref . 247 )
) : 3 . 8 - 13 . 7 , mean 8 . 3 ( based on 1037 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00389 ( 0 . 00180 - 0 . 00842 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 1 ±0 . 62 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : very low , minimum population doubling time more than 14 years ( fec assumed to be < 10 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : very high vulnerability ( 90 of 100 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
eschmeyer , w . n . , fricke , r . and van der laan , r . ( eds . ) . 2018 . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . updated 29 march 2018 . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species is assessed as least concern because although apparently rare , it is widespread in the atlantic , indian and pacific oceans and is only infrequently taken in deepwater fisheries . it has a sporadic distribution with most records from the northwest pacific ( japan , taiwan ) on the upper continental slope . may also be mesopelagic . it is likely to be found in more locations than previously known as deepwater surveys are undertaken in other regions or as deepwater fisheries expand globally . taken in deep bottom - set gillnet , bottom longline and trawl fisheries ; rarely surface drift nets . also entangled in deepwater fishing gear . recorded from depths of < 30 m ( occasional ) to > 1 , 000 m with reported landings of adults rare suggesting most of the adult population is unavailable to existing deepwater fisheries .
most goblin shark records come from japan . all japanese records have been made between tosa bay and boso peninsula ( including sagami bay , suruga bay , izu islands ) , despite similar fishing gear being used throughout the japanese archipelago ( yano 2003 ) . in april 2003 an exceptionally large number of goblin sharks ( reportedly 100 to 300 ) were captured off northwest taiwan , an area they had been previously unknown from . the species is likely to occur in more locations than presently known as surveys are undertaken in other regions or as deepwater fisheries expand globally .
reported landings from tokyo canyon show no trend in abundance ( yano 2003 ) .
the goblin shark is a rare bycatch of deepwater fisheries with most captures around japan . in an unusual occurrence , an exceptionally large number ( > 100 ) were reportedly caught off the northwest coast of taiwan over two weeks in april 2003 by a number of fishers . taken in deep bottom - set gillnet , bottom longline and trawl fisheries ; rarely surface drift nets . also entangled in deepwater fishing gear . most reported captures are juveniles suggesting that the bulk of the adult population occurs outside the depth range of , or is otherwise unavailable to most deepwater fisheries . the jaws are sought after by collectors . the jaws of most of those goblin sharks landed in taiwan during april 2003 were reported exported to the usa . prices vary with the size and quality of the jaw , and range from us $ 1 , 500 - $ 4 , 000 .
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the very strange - looking goblin shark has a distinctively shaped snout and an impressive array of long , pointed teeth . the fish , however , is found in deep water and poses no threat to people .
the goblin shark has a shovel - like snout , flabby body , and a tail with a weakly developed lower lobe .
one of the distinctive features of the goblin shark is its protrusible mouth . the mouth can retract to a position under the eye , or extend forward under the snout .
the species was named in honour of alan owston ( 1853 - 1915 ) , an
english collector of asian wildlife , as well as a businessman and yachtsman
( beolens & watkins , 2003 ) .
the goblin shark has been caught in scattered localities through the pacific , atlantic and indian oceans . in australia it is known from off new south wales , tasmania and possibly from off south australia .
the map below shows the australian distribution of the species based on public sightings and specimens in australian museums . click on the map for detailed information . source : atlas of living australia .
the species is found near the sea floor in marine waters to depths of about 1200 m .
yano and colleagues examined the stomach contents of 121 goblin sharks from tokyo submarine canyon . prey items included bony fishes , squids and crustaceans .
when feeding , the goblin shark extends its jaws forward faster than any other species of shark . see the scientific report on slingshot feeding by nakaya and colleagues .
the underside of the snout is heavily pored . these pores are the external openings of the ampullae of lorenzini , the electricity detecting organs . the goblin shark most likely hunts its prey by detecting electric fields .
beolens , b . & m . watkins . 2003 . whose bird ? men and women commemorated in the common names of birds . christopher helm . pp . 384 .
last , p . r . & j . d . stevens . 1994 . sharks and rays of australia . csiro . pp . 513 , pl . 1 - 84 .
last , p . r . & j . d . stevens . 2009 . sharks and rays of australia . edition 2 . csiro . pp . 644 , pl . 1 - 91 .
wilga , c . d . 2005 . morphology and evolution of the jaw suspension in lamniform sharks . journal of morphology . 265 : 102–119 . download .
yano , k . , miya , m . , aizawa , m . & t . noichi . 2003 . abstracts . 2003 joint meeting of ichthyologists and herpetologists . american society of ichthyologists and herpetologists . pp . 533 .
hi stranger . apologies for the delay in replying to your question . i was away from the australian museum last week doing fieldwork . the goblin shark definitely grows larger than 3 . 3 m in length . the reason i can say that with confidence is because i measured the fish in the images above . it was 3 . 84 m long . the maximum size of 3 . 9 m is taken from last and stevens ( see references on this page ) . good luck with your project .
hi , i have a school project and i have a question to answer . according to your article the goblin shark ' s maximum size is 3 . 9 metres . . but according to another source its 3 . 3 . . who is correct ? source : urltoken
originally caught in japan , the range is wide , but not evenly distributed . the majority of known specimens come from bays of japan while the rest are mostly found off new zealand , southern africa , and in the eastern atlantic and indian oceans . two specimens have been taken off the mississippi and california coasts of the united states . though this probably encompasses the range of
, sightings are so rare and widespread that the presence of goblin sharks could extend well beyond these areas .
seem to live in the mid and deep - water zones of outer continental shelves and slopes .
is a fearsome looking fish with a large , flattened snout protruding from the top of its head , and has movable jaws than can extend to catch prey . the exact purpose of the flat snout is unknown , but as it is not hard or sharp enough to pin or kill prey , it is probably used to detect the faint electric signals that other fish give off . goblin sharks have rubbery skin , rather than denticles ( the sharp , pointed scales found on most sharks ) . due to the blood vessels that are close to the skin , the shark has a pinkish - grey color in life , though in death it appears quite colorless because of its lack of pigment . teeth are slender and fang - like , similar to those of the
. another feature that separates goblin sharks from most other sharks is the lack of a lower lobe on the tail fin , which is also absent in other benthic sharks . female specimens seem to be slightly larger than the males .
develop directly from birth , and are probably ecologically similiar to free - swimming adults when they emerge from the mother . it is not known at what age they become sexually mature , but are immature to about 2 . 3 m .
there has been no direct study of goblin sharks in the wild , so there is no information on there mating habits .
goblin sharksare rarely seen , and even more rarely studied in detail . essentially all known data on goblin sharks are from accidental catches in trawling nets . thus , since there have been no opportunities to observe goblin sharks in their natural habit ( or even alive for that matter ) , data on reproduction and behavior are very scarce . there is no information on age at sexual maturity for either sex , number of offspring , or gestation period .
are independent as soon as they are born . this is probably not different in the case of the goblin shark .
in particular , sharks in general do not provide any degree of parental investment .
no goblin sharks have been studied in the wild , so not much is known about their ages or lifespans . no individuals have ever been held in captivity .
is rather sluggish and accomplishes most of its hunting by swimming lazily or waiting for vertically migrating animals to come within striking distance . the protruding jaws allow substantial bites , but otherwise ,
is not a fast or active predator . since it seems to feed on migratory fish , it is probably active in the evening and / or morning when the migrations are going on , but there are no direct accounts of feeding times . based on the dentition and stomach contents of this shark , scientists know it is a predator . another theory has goblin sharks actively hunting for benthic prey using electroreceptors on its enlarged snout ( similar to
) and using this snout to dig up any prey it detects underneath the sand .
there are no available data on home range , or territories of goblin sharks .
, goblin sharks probably hunt using their senses of smell , sight , sound and the electrical sensing organs called ampullae of lorenzini . due to the depth at which they live , eyesight is probably less useful than other senses . the snout ( which is abnormally large in
) houses the ampullae of lorenzini which are attuned to catching otherwise undetectable prey in dark waters or on the bottom .
appears to feed mid - water or close to the bottom where it uses a combination of electrical sensors , smell and ( minimal ) eyesight to catch any vertically migrating animals that it comes across . it is also possible that they stay deep and scan the bottom for prey . stomach records are rare , and include parts of
as it is often difficult to deduce ecosystem roles in easily studied environments , it comes as no surprise that nothing is known about goblin sharks ' role in the mid - water or benthic community besides its role as a predator .
(
cites : convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora
, 2004 ;
u . s . esa : natureserve explorer data for listed status in the united states
, ;
2002 iucn red list
, 2002 )
is unknown due to the rarity of sightings and specimens . however , though rarely seen , this shark is thought to be fairly common because of its wide range . nonetheless , because it lives in deep waters , is not a common sight for humans . most of the information is partial , and deduced from the morphology of the shark and from samples of the few existing specimens . other common names include : imp shark , elfin shark , and tenguzame ( japanese ) . differences in extension of jaws in death lead to confusion over how many species of
there actually are . as of now , there is only one recognized species . however , the extant goblin shark is considered to be very closely related to a similar cretaceous shark genus
stephen bizer ( author ) , university of michigan - ann arbor , phil myers ( editor ) , museum of zoology , university of michigan - ann arbor .
the body of water between africa , europe , the southern ocean ( above 60 degrees south latitude ) , and the western hemisphere . it is the second largest ocean in the world after the pacific ocean .
living in australia , new zealand , tasmania , new guinea and associated islands .
living in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .
body of water between the southern ocean ( above 60 degrees south latitude ) , australia , asia , and the western hemisphere . this is the world ' s largest ocean , covering about 28 % of the world ' s surface .
living in the northern part of the old world . in otherwords , europe and asia and northern africa .
referring to an animal that lives on or near the bottom of a body of water . also an aquatic biome consisting of the ocean bottom below the pelagic and coastal zones . bottom habitats in the very deepest oceans ( below 9000 m ) are sometimes referred to as the abyssal zone . see also oceanic vent .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment ; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
reproduction in which eggs develop within the maternal body without additional nourishment from the parent and hatch within the parent or immediately after laying .
an aquatic biome consisting of the open ocean , far from land , does not include sea bottom ( benthic zone ) .
that region of the earth between 23 . 5 degrees north and 60 degrees north ( between the tropic of cancer and the arctic circle ) and between 23 . 5 degrees south and 60 degrees south ( between the tropic of capricorn and the antarctic circle ) .
international union for conservation of nature and natural resources . 2002 .
2002 iucn red list
( on - line ) . accessed 03 - 23 - 03 at urltoken .
cites . 2004 .
cites : convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora
( on - line ) . accessed march 21 , 2003 at urltoken .
u . s . esa .
u . s . esa : natureserve explorer data for listed status in the united states
( on - line ) . accessed 03 - 21 - 2003 at urltoken .
. rome : united nations development programme , food and agriculture organization of the united states .
rorem , s . 2002 .
sea creatures 101 : shark series : the goblin shark : ugly and rare
( on - line ) . accessed 03 - 16 - 03 at urltoken .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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van der land , j . ; costello , m . j . ; zavodnik , d . ; santos , r . s . ; porteiro , f . m . ; bailly , n . ; eschmeyer , w . n . ; froese , r . ( 2001 ) . pisces , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 357 - 374 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
king , c . m . ; roberts , c . d . ; bell , b . d . ; fordyce , r . e . ; nicoll , r . s . ; worthy , t . h . ; paulin , c . d . ; hitchmough , r . a . ; keyes , i . w . ; baker , a . n . ; stewart , a . l . ; hiller , n . ; mcdowall , r . m . ; holdaway , r . n . ; mcphee , r . p . ; schwarzhans , w . w . ; tennyson , a . j . d . ; rust , s . ; macadie , i . ( 2009 ) . phylum chordata : lancelets , fishes , amphibians , reptiles , birds , mammals , in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) ( 2009 ) . new zealand inventory of biodiversity : 1 . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . pp . 431 - 554 . [ details ]
compagno , l . j . v . ( 2001 ) . sharks of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date . volume 2 . bullhead , mackerel and carpet sharks ( heterodontiformes , lamniformes and orectolobiformes ) . fao species catalogue for fishery purposes . no . 1 , vol . 2 . rome , fao . 269p . [ details ]
mceachran , j . d . ( 2009 ) . fishes ( vertebrata : pisces ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 1223–1316 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of odontaspis nasutus bragança , 1904 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of scapanorhynchus dofleini engelhardt , 1912 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of scapanorhynchus jordani hussakof , 1909 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of scapanorhynchus mitsukurii white , 1937 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of scapanorhynchus owstoni ( jordan , 1898 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
intergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
habitat apoorly known , bottom - dwelling shark that inhabits the outer continental shelves and upper slopes and is found off seamounts , but rarely occurs at the surface or in shallow water close inshore . most records are on or near the continental slopes between 270 and 960 m deep but down to at least 1 300 m , sometimes in shallower shelf waters at 95 to 137 m . seamount records suggest that the species is oceanic or semioceanic in addition to its known occurrences off continental slopes . [ details ]
classification from species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013 selected by dana campbell - see more .
yeah ! i never seen the goblin shark myself though i discoverd . . .
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a taxonomic genus within the family mitsukurinidae – the goblin shark and extinct relatives .
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fao fisheries synopsis , no . 125 , vol . 4 , pt . 1
sharks of the world : an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date , vol . 2 : bullhead , mackerel and carpet sharks ( heterodontiformes , lamniformes and orectolobiformes )
compagno , leonard j . v . / hamlett , william c . , ed .
special publication of the center for biodiversity research and information , no . 1 , vol 1 - 3
nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , et al . , eds .
full author list : nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , héctor espinosa - pérez , lloyd t . findley , carter r . gilbert , robert n . lea , and james d . williams
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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odontaspis nasutus de braganza , 1904 : 49 , 104 , pl . 1 , figs . 1 - 1c . type locality , mare de sezimbra , portugal , 603 m . types unknown according to eschmeyer ( 1998 ) .
scapanorhynchus jordani hussakof , 1909 : 257 , text - figs . , pl . 44 . syntypes ( 2 ) : american museum of natural history , amnh - 00004sw , jaws , model on display from 1 300 mm female ; 1 155 mm female , formerly in the zoological department at columbia university . type locality , japan .
scapanorhynchus dofleini engelhardt , 1912 : 644 . holotype : zoologischen staatssammlung münchen , 2 100 mm female , mayegawa , sagami sea , japan . locality of holotype unknown according to eschmeyer ( 1998 : cd - rom ) .
en - goblin shark , fr - requin lutin , sp - tiburón duende .
fieldmarks : this unmistakable shark has a flat blade - like elongated snout , tiny eyes without nictitating eyelids , soft flabby body , slender very long - cusped teeth in long highly protrusable jaws , two spineless dorsals and an anal fin , and a long caudal fin without a ventral lobe . colour : live and newly - captured individuals are pinkish white , but usually fade to brownish in alcohol .
western atlantic : guiana , surinam , french guyana . eastern atlantic : france ( bay of biscay ) , madeira , portugal , senegal , gulf of guinea , south africa ( western cape ) . western indian ocean : south africa ( eastern cape , kwazulu - natal ) , mozambique ( mozambique seamount range ) . western pacific : japan , australia ( south australia , new south wales ) , new zealand . eastern pacific : usa ( southern california ) .
maximum total length at least 384 cm . size at birth unknown , smallest recorded specimen 107 cm ; mature males 264 , 320 and 384 cm , females reaching 373 cm , one mature at 335 cm . weight 210 kg at 384 cm .
interest to fisheries minimal , taken as untargeted bycatch of deepwater trawl fisheries and occasionally taken with deepwater longline s , deep - set gill nets , and possibly purse seines . utilized dried - salted for human consumption . conservation status : conservation status unknown .
japan : elphin , elfin shark , japanese goblin shark , tenguzame , tengu ( goblin ) shark , mitsukurizame , mitsukuri ' s shark .
threat to humans : harmless to people . a spectacular aquarium exhibit , but seldom kept in captivity ; one lived for a week in an aquarium at tokai university , shimizu , japan .
sharks of the world an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date . volume 2 bullhead , mackerel and carpet sharks ( heterodontiformes , lamniformes and orectolobiformes ) . leonard j . v . compagno 2001 . fao species catalogue for fishery purposes . no . 1 , vol . 2 . rome , fao . 2001 . p . 269 .
this bottom - dwelling shark is pinkish grey and flabby - looking , with small , rounded fins and a caudal fin ( tail ) with a strong top lobe and no bottom lobe . it is most recognizable for its flat , elongated snout , and its large mouth full of long , narrow teeth . it averages between 10 and 13 feet long , but has been caught at over 18 feet . not a great deal is known about the goblin shark , but it is thought to mostly eat soft prey like shrimp , small fish , octopus , and squid , which it catches by quickly projecting its jaw forward and pulling prey into its mouth .
this shark is known as the goblin shark in the unites states , australia , new zealand , england , and south africa . it also referred too as elfin shark ( english ) , hiisihai ( finnish ) , japanese neushaai ( dutch ) , japanischer nasenhai ( german ) , kabouterhaai ( dutch and afrikaans ) , karsahai ( finnish ) , koboldhaai ( dutch ) , koboldhai ( german ) , lensuháfur ( icelandic ) , mitsukurizame ( japanese ) , naesehaj ( danish ) , nasenhai ( german ) , näshaj ( swedish ) , nesehai ( norwegian ) , neushaai ( dutch ) , requin lutin ( french ) , schoffelneushaai ( dutch ) , squalo folletto ( dutch ) , squalo goblin ( italian ) , teguzame ( japanese ) , teppichhai ( german ) , tiburón duende ( spanish ) , trollhaj ( swedish ) , tubarão - demónio ( portuguese ) , tubarão - gnomo ( portuguese ) , zoozame ( japanese ) , and žralok škriatok ( czech ) .
there is minimal commercial interest for the goblin shark . it is fished only as a bycatch of deepwater trawl , longlines and deep - set gill nets . it has been dried - salted for human consumption . although it is thought to be a great exhibit , it has rarely been kept in captivity . one specimen survived in an aquarium for a week at tokai university , shimizu , japan .
the goblin shark seldom comes in contact with humans ; however , because of its large size it could be potentially dangerous .
the iucn is a global union of states , governmental agencies , and non - governmental organizations in a partnership that assesses the conservation status of species .
the deep - water goblin shark is thought to be widely distributed . specimens have been seen in the atlantic off the coast of guyana , surinam , french guyana , france , madeira , senegal , portugal , gulf of guinea , and south africa . it has also been reported in the western pacific off japan , australia and new zealand . in the indian ocean it is found in south africa and mozambique . it was recently recorded in the united states near san clemente island off the coast of california as well as in the northern gulf of mexico south of pascagoula , mississippi . few specimens have ever been caught making it one of the rarest species of sharks .
the goblin shark is a bottom - dwelling shark that is rarely seen at the surface or in shallow coastal waters . this species is found along the outer continental shelves , upper slopes , and off seamounts . most specimens have been observed near continental slopes between 885 feet ( 270m ) and 3149 feet ( 960m ) deep . it has been found in waters up to 4265 feet ( 1 , 300m ) deep and in waters as shallow as 311 feet ( 95m ) to 449 feet ( 137m ) . records indicate that the goblin could also be an oceanic species .
the goblin shark can be easily identified by its elongated and flattened snout . it has a distinctly long head , tiny eyes and five short gill openings . the mouth is large and parabolic in shape . its body is soft and flabby .
this shark has a long caudal fin without a ventral lobe . the pectoral fins are short and broad and the two dorsal fins are small , rounded and equal in size . the anal fin is rounded and smaller than the dorsal fins , while the pelvic fins are larger than the dorsals . the goblin shark has a long protrusable jaw with long slender teeth . its body characteristics suggest that it is a slow moving shark with a density close to seawater .
living goblin sharks are a pinkish white color with bluish fins . specimens fade and become brownish when preserved in alcohol .
dentition goblin sharks have 26 large , narrow , awl - like teeth on their upper jaw and 24 on their lower jaw . they have three rows of anterior teeth on each side of both jaws . the teeth in the anterior upper jaw are separated from the smaller upper lateral teeth by a gap .
denticles the goblin shark has small and rough dermal denticles . the denticles have crowns with narrow cusps and ridges . the cusps of the lateral denticles occur perpendicular to the skin .
mature male goblins have been found to be 8 . 66 feet ( 264cm ) , 10 . 49 feet ( 320cm ) and 12 . 6 feet ( 384cm ) in total length . mature females have been measured to be 11 feet ( 335cm ) and 12 . 2 feet ( 372cm ) . size at birth is not known but the smallest specimen found was 3 . 51 feet ( 107cm ) . the maximum reported length of the goblin shark is 12 . 6 feet ( 384cm ) . this specimen weighed 463 pounds ( 210kg ) .
goblin sharks feed on a variety of prey including the blackbelly rosefish ( helicolenus dactylopterus ) and various crabs . photo courtesy noaa
the goblin shark uses a sense system known as ampullae of lorenzini , found in its snout , for electrodetection of prey . the jaws are modified for rapid projection to aid in the capture of prey . the jaw is thrust forward by a double set of ligaments at the mandibular joints . when the jaws are retracted the ligaments are stretched and they become relaxed when the jaw is projected forward . the jaws are usually held tightly while swimming and function like a catapult when the animal wants to feed . its slender narrow teeth suggest it mainly feeds on soft body prey including shrimps , pelagic octopus , fish , and squid . it is also thought to feed on crabs . the posterior teeth are specialized for crushing .
reproduction the goblin shark is thought to be ovoviviparous ; however , a pregnant female has never been captured . records have shown that mature females visit the east coast of honshu during the springtime , which could be related to reproduction patterns .
parasites a 419 pound ( 190kg ) male collected off ulladulla , new south wales , australia was found to have four different species of tapeworms . these internal parasites were recovered from the spiral intestine . these included two new species : litobothrium amsichensis and marsupiobothrium gobelinus .
males to 3 . 2 m , females to 3 . 35 m tl .
on outer continental or insular shelves and slopes , from 100 to 700 m .
* nobre , a . 1935 . fauna marinha de portugal . 1 . vertebrados ( mamiferos , reptis e peixes ) , porto . : ixxxiv + 1 - 21 ( mamiferos ) ; 1 - 5 ( reptis ) ; 1 - 574 ( peixes ) , 77 pl . , 64 phot .
albuquerque , r . m . 1954 - 1956 . peixes de portugal e ilhas adjacentes . chavas para a sua determinação . port . acta biol . , ser . b , 5 : xvi + 1167 p . , 445 fig .
bragança , c . 1904 . ichthyologia ii . esqualos obtidos nas costas de portugal durante as campanhas de 1896 - 1903 . results das investig . sci . feitas a bordo do yacht amélia . lisboa , 107 p . , 2 pl .
du buit , m . h . ; gueguen , j . ; lamolet , j . ; quero , j . c . 1977 . observations sur les poissons rares en 1975 . annls biol . cons . perm . int . explor , mer , 32 , 1975 : 185 - 188 .
fowler , h . w . 1941a . contributions to the biology of the philippine archipelago and adjacent regions . the fishes of the groups elasmobranchii , holocephali , isospondyli and ostariophysi obtained by the united states bureau of fisheries steamer ' albatross ' in 1907 to 1910 , chiefly in the philippine islands and adjacent seas . bull u . s . natn . mus . , 100 ( 13 ) : 1 - 879 , fig . 1 - 30 .
garman , s . 1913 . the plagiostomia ( sharks , skates , and rays ) . mem . mus . comp . zool . harv . , 36 : xiii + 528 p . , 77 pl .
gueguen , j . ; lamolet , j . ; quero , j . c . 1976 . observations sur les poissons rares en 1974 . annls . biol . cons . perm . int . explor . mer . , 31 , 1974 : 181 - 182 .
gueguen , j . ; quero , j . c . 1974 . observations francaises sur les poissons rares en 1972 . annls biol . cons . perm . explor . mer . , 29 , 1972 : 182 - 183 .
helling , h . 1943 . novo catalogo dos peixes de portugal em colecçao no museu de zoologia da universidade de coimbra . mems estud . mus . zool . univ . coimbra ( 1 ) 149 : 110 p .
lozano y rey , l . 1928 . fauna ibérica . pesces ( generalidades , ciclóstomos y elasmobranquios ) . mus . nac . ciencias nat . , madrid , 1 : 1 - 692 , 197 fig . , 20 pl .
osório , b . 1909 . contribuição para o conhecimento da fauna bathypelágica visinha das costas de portugal . mems mus . bocage , 1 : 35 p . , 3 pl .
quéro , j . - c . 1970b . observations françaises sur les poissons rares en 1968 et 1969 . annls biol . cons . perm . int . explor . mer . , 26 , 1969 : 280 - 282 .
quéro , j . - c . 1972 . capture de deux scapanorhynchus owstoni par des chalutiers de la rochelle . ann . soc . sc . nat . charente - maritime , 5 ( 4 ) : 168 - 170 , 1 fig .
quéro , j . - c . ; verron , r . 1975 . sur quelques poissons rares observes au port de la rochelle en 1974 . ann . soc . sci nat . charente - maritime , 6 ( 3 ) : 177 - 190 , 6 fig .
seabra , a . f . de . 1912 . catalogue systématique des vertébrés du portugal . v . poissons . bull . soc . port . sci . nat . , 1911 [ 1912 ] , 5 ( 3 ) : 129 - 224 .
found on outer continental shelves and upper slopes , but rarely in shallow water close inshore ( ref . 247 , 43278 ) . jaws are highly specialized for rapid projection from the head to snap up small animals ( ref . 247 ) . feeds on jacopever , pelagic octopus and crabs ( ref . 5578 ) . ovoviviparous , embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother ( ref . 50449 ) . probably slow - moving and neutrally buoyant ( ref . 6871 ) . utilized dried salted ( ref . 247 )
western atlantic : guyana ( ref . 6871 ) , suriname ( ref . 13608 , 11228 ) and french guiana . eastern atlantic : france ( bay of biscay ) , madeira , portugal , and south africa . western indian ocean : off south africa . western pacific : japan , australia ( south australia , new south wales ) , new zealand ( ref . 26346 ) . eastern pacific : usa ( southern california ) ( ref . 43278 ) .
compagno , l . 1984 . fao species catalogue : vol . 4 sharks of the world . rome : united nations development programme , food and agriculture organization of the united states .
flat , bladelike , elongated snout , tiny eyes without nictitating eyelids , soft , flabby body , slender , very long cusped teeth in long , protrusible jaws , long caudal fin without a ventral lobe ( ref . 247 ) . pinkish - white with bluish fins , becoming brownish grey after death ( ref . 5578 , 11228 ) .
depth range based on 16 specimens in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 8 samples . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 95 - 1300 temperature range ( °c ) : 4 . 402 - 7 . 270 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 25 . 373 - 32 . 574 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 483 - 34 . 926 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 3 . 893 - 5 . 185 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 1 . 586 - 2 . 271 silicate ( umol / l ) : 20 . 418 - 47 . 917 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : 95 - 1300 temperature range ( °c ) : 4 . 402 - 7 . 270 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 25 . 373 - 32 . 574 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 483 - 34 . 926 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 3 . 893 - 5 . 185 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 1 . 586 - 2 . 271 silicate ( umol / l ) : 20 . 418 - 47 . 917 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .


bibasis vasutana , the green awlet , is a species of hesperid butterfly found in asia .

the butterfly was reassigned to genus burara by vane-wright and de jong ( 2003 ) and is considered by them to be burara vasutana .

bibasis vasutana

bibasis vasutana ( moore , [ 1866 ] ) = ismene vasutana moore , [ 1866 ] = ismene vasutana rahita fruhstorfer , 1911 = burara burma evans , 1934 = burara vasutana = burara burma evans , 1934 = ismene rahita fruhstorfer , 1911 .
bibasis vasutana , or the green awlet , is a species of hesperid butterfly found in asia . | insects & other creatures | pinterest | butterfly , moth and insects
( in b . vasutana , the veins are not finely black . could be b . striata . futher investigation required )
bibasis jaina velva ; [ bmp ] : 333 , pl . 62 , f . 4
bibasis kanara ; [ bow ] : pl . 185 , f . 15 ( text )
[ thailand ] bibasis vasutana ; pinratana , 1985 : 15 , 116 , pl . 2 , fig . 6 , ♂ , ♂ ( un ) . ( chiang mai / phetchaboon ) burara vasutana ; ek - amnuay , [ 2007 ] : 724 , pl . 331 , fig . h8 , ♂ , ♂ ( un ) . ( chiang mai / phetchabun : nam nao ) burara vasutana ; chiba , 2009 : 13 , pl . 4 , fig . 9♂ , 10♀ . ( chiang dao ) burara vasutana ; kimura et al . , 2011 : 22 , fig . ♂ , ♂ ( un ) . ( phetchabun : nam nao ) burara vasutana ; ek - amnuay , 2012 : 772 , pl . 355 , fig . h7 , ♂ , ♂ ( un ) . ( chiang mai / nam nao ) burara vasutana ; s . sophonviwatkul , c . sunthornwiphat & t . laola , 2015 - : butterflies of thailand , fig . ♂ ( un ) . ( phisanulok / chaiyaphum ) [ laos ] burara vasutana ; masui & uehara , 1996 : 5 , pl . 2 , fig . 5 . ( phong sali ) burara vasutana ; osada , uémura & uehara , 1999 ; 221 , pl . 130 , figs . ♂ , ♀ . ( phong saly ) burara vasutana ; chiba , 2009 : 13 , pl . 4 , fig . 9♂ , 10♀ . ( laos ) burara vasutana ; nakamura & wakahara , 2012 ; 56 . [ vietnam ] bibasis vasutana ; devyatkin & monastyrskii , 1999 ; 154 . ( north : tam dao ; cuc phuong / central : vu quang ) bibasis vasutana ; ikeda et al . , 2001b : 58 , figs . 1 : 8♂ , 9♂ ( un ) , 5 : 3 ( ♂genitalia ) . ( cuc phuong ) bibasis vasutana ; hao et al . , 2004 : 12 , 83 , figs . ♂ , ♂ ( un ) . ( cuc phuong ) burara vasutana ; miyazaki , saito & saito , 2007b ; 2 , fig . h - 2 , ♂ , ♀ . ( lam dong : dambri ; dai duc me ) burara vasutana ; chiba , 2009 : 13 , pl . 4 , fig . 9♂ , 10♀ . ( north / central ) bibasis vasuana ; monastyrskii & devyatkin , 2015 ; 70 . ( n / c )
bibasis harisa consobrina ; [ bmp ] : 332 , pl . 52 , f . 4 - 6
bibasis iluska ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
bibasis iluska iluska ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
bibasis sena senata ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
bibasis arradi [ sic ? ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 185 , f . 13 ( text )
ismene vasutana rahita fruhstorfer , 1911 : deut . ent . zeit . [ iris ] 25 : 62 . tl . assam . ( nhml ) burara vasutana burma evans , 1934 : entomologist 67 : 33 . tl . karen hills , burma . ( nhml ) bibasis unipuncta lee , 1962 : acta ent . sinica 11 : 141 , 146 , pl . 3 , fig . 23♂ , 26♂ ( un ) . tl . yunnan .
bibasis ( coeliadinae ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
bibasis sena uniformis ; inoue & kawazoe , 1964 , tyô to ga 15 ( 2 ) : 35 ; [ bmp ] : 333 , pl . 52 , f . 9
bibasis uniformis elwes & edwards , 1897 ; trans . zool . soc . lond . 14 ( 4 ) : 305 , pl . 27 , f . 95 ; tl : java
bibasis tuckeri elwes & edwards , 1897 ; trans . zool . soc . lond . 14 ( 4 ) : 293 , pl . 20 ; tl : tavoy , s . burma
on : ismene vasutana moore , [ 1866 ] od : proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 3 ) : 782 . tl : darjeeling . ( nhml ) distribution : nepal , sikkim , assam , myanmar , thailand , laos , vietnam , china .
bibasis owstoni eliot , 1980 ; malayan nat . j . 33 ( 3 / 4 ) : 150 , f . 10 , 11 , 15 , 16 ; tl : malaysia , pahang , fraser ' s hill
vasutana ; ♂ , type ( red ) , h2392 , darjiling . ( nhml . examined . ) rahita ; ♂ , type ( red ) , h2393 , khasia hills , assam . ( nhml . examined . ) burma ; ♂ , type ( red ) , h2394 , karens , burma . 4 . 26 . ( nhml . examined . )
athyma nefte + cupha erymanthis + + rohana sp . + + + cethosia cyane + cethosia biblis + + cirrochroa tyche + vagrans egista + + hestinalis nama + symbrethia lilaea + + + symbrethia hypselis + juniona almana + + juniona atlites + + hypolimnias bolina + + cyrestis thyodamas + + + cyrestis cocles + + + cyrestis themire + + + chersonesia risa + + vindula erota + + + neptis clinia + + + polyura athamas + + + charaxes bernardus + + cynitia lepidea + tanaecia julii + riodinidae zemeros flegyas + + abisara echerius + lycaenidae curetis sp . + + jamides celeno + + + heliophorus delacouri + + megisba malaya + udara cf . dilecta + + acytolepis puspa + + + tongeia potanini + catochrysops strabo + ionolyce helicon + + + anthene emolus + + + prosotas dubiosa + + + prosotas nora + + + hypolycaena amasa + + yasoda tripunctata + hesperidae bibasis vasutana + abraximorpha davidii + + tagiades sp . + odontoptilum angulata + + arnetta atkinsoni + + + pelopidas conjuncta + polytremis lubricans + astictopterus jama + + ancistroides nigrita + koruthaialos sindu + potanthus sp . + + parnara sp . + +
bibasis sena ; moore , [ 1881 ] , lepid . ceylon 1 ( 4 ) : 161 , pl . 65 , f . 3 , 3a ; piepers & snellen , 1910 , rhop . java [ 2 ] : 16 , pl . 6 , f . 21a - b ; [ bir ] , 469 ; [ bow ] : pl . 185 , f . 17 ; [ mrs ] , 693 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 56
ismene swainson , 1820 ; zool . illustr . ( 1 ) 1 : pl . 16 ( preocc . ismene savigny , 1816 ) ; ts : ismene oedipodea swainson
ismene gomata moore , [ 1866 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 3 ) : 783 ; tl : darjeeling
burara gomata ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
gomata radiosa ( plötz , 1885 ) ( ismene ) ; berl . ent . z . 29 ( 2 ) : 232 ; tl : celebes
burara gomata radiosa ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
ismene gomata vajra fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 61 ; tl : java
ismene mahintha moore , [ 1875 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1874 ( 4 ) : 575 , pl . 67 , f . 4 ; tl : burma
ismene nestor zonaras fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 63 ; tl : wetter i .
hasora nestor ; piepers & snellen , 1910 , rhop . java [ 2 ] : 14 , pl . 6 , f . 17a - b
ceylon , india - assam , burma , s . vietnam , malaya , philippines . see [ maps ]
goniloba sena moore , [ 1866 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 3 ) : 778 ; tl : bengal
1019x734 ( ~ 77kb ) underside thailand , chantaburi province , khao - khitchakut national park , the krating rivulet valley among the tropical forest above the waterfalls . 6th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin
sri lanka , s . india - burma , thailand , laos , hainan , andamans
sikkim - burma , thailand , laos , haina , andamans , s . yunnan . see [ maps ]
ismene amara pindapatra fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 62 ; tl : assam
burara amara ; huang & xue , 2004 , neue ent . nachr . 57 : 145 ( name )
ismene aphrodite fruhstorfer , 1905 ; soc . ent . 20 ( 18 ) : 141 ; tl : celebes
burara aphrodite ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burma , thailand , laos , vietnam , malay peninsula , singapore , borneo , sumatra , java , palawan , mindanao . see [ maps ]
ismene etelka hewitson , 1867 ; ill . exot . butts [ 5 ] ( ismene i - ii ) : [ 88 ] , pl . [ 44 ] ; tl : sarawak
ismene harisa moore , [ 1866 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1865 ( 3 ) : 782 ; tl : bengal
ismene harisa asambha fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 61 ; tl : n . vietnam , chieem - hoa
ismene harisa distanti evans , 1932 ; indian butterflies ( edn . 2 ) : 319 ; tl : singapore
ismene imperialis plötz , 1886 ; stettin ent . ztg 47 ( 1 - 3 ) : 115 ; tl : celebes
burara imperialis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burara imperialis imperialis ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
burara imperialis veteratrix ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 55
w . ghats , mussoorie - sikkim , assam , burma , n . thailand , vietnam . see [ maps ]
ismene jaina vasundhara fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 59 ; tl : assam
ismene velva evans , 1932 ; indian butterflies ( edn . 2 ) : 318 , no . i . 2 . 9
ismene jaina margana fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 60 ; tl : siam , hinlap
ismene jaina formosana fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 59 ; tl : formosa
chaba , assam , burma , indo - china , malay peninsula , sumatra , java , borneo , palawan , philippines , sulawesi . see [ maps ]
ismene oedipodea swainson , 1820 ; zool . illustr . ( 1 ) 1 : pl . 16 ; tl : java
burara oedipodea ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
larva on hiptage benghalensis [ mrs ] , combretum , hiptage vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
ismene excellens hopffer , 1874 ; stettin ent . ztg 35 ( 1 - 3 ) : 39 ; tl : celebes
burara oedipodea excellens ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
ismene oedipodea [ ? ] athena fruhstorfer , 1911 ; dt . ent . z . iris 25 ( 5 ) : 61 ; tl : thailand
burara phul ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
ismene septentrionis c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 525 , pl . 73 , f . 3 ; tl : china
sri lanka , n . india , malay peninsula , java , borneo , palawan , mindanao , sulawesi , banggai , sula . see [ maps ]
burara tuckeri ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
larva on hiptage vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 54
unipuncta lee , 1962 ; acta ent . sin . 11 ( 2 ) : 141 , 146
nepal , sikkim , assam , burma , thailand , laos . see [ maps ]
ismene [ ? ] kanara evans , 1926 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 31 ( 1 ) : 63
ismene fergusonii de nicéville , [ 1893 ] ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 7 ( 3 ) : 345 , pl . j , f . 6 ; tl : s . india
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
the butterflies of the malay peninsula . fourth edition revised by j . n . eliot with plates by bernard d ' abrera
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson
a catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the museum of the hon . east - india company in horsfield & moore ,
neue hesperiden des indischen archipels und ost - africa ' s aus der collection des herrn h . ribbe in blasewitz - dresden , gesammelt von den herren : c . ribbe auf celebes , java un den aru - inseln , künstler auf malacca ( perak ) ; kühn auf west - guinea ( jekar ) ; menger auf ceylon
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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the agaricales , or euagarics clade , is a monophyletic group of approximately 8500 mushroom species . . . read more
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moore , 1865 – green awlet . kunte , k . , s . sondhi , and p . roy ( chief editors ) .
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moore , f . , [ 1866 ] : on the lepidopterous insects of bengal .
fruhstorfer , h . , 1911 : neue hesperiden des indo - malayischen faunengebietes und besprechung verwandter formen .
evans , w . h . , 1934 : indo - australian hesperiidae : description of new genera , species and subspecies .
lee , c . l . , 1962 : some new species of rhopalocera in china , ii .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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flatid planthopper nymphs ( phromnia sp . , flatidae ) | butterflies & moths | pinterest | nymphs and moth
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ankita gupta , p . v . churi , a . sengupta & s . mhatre 2014 . lycaenidae parasitoids from peninsular india with description of four new species of microgastrine wasps ( hymenoptera : braconidae ) along with new insights on host relationships . zootaxa 3827 ( 4 ) : 439–470 .
freyer , 1844 – little tiger pierrot . kunte , k . , s . sondhi , and p . roy ( chief editors ) .
( noun ) : either of the anterior pair of wings on an insect that has 4 wings .
hasora anura - description . . . forewing with a minute subapical transparent shining yellow dot . . . forewing with the inner margin broadly pale , a broad discal dark band free from purple gloss . . . forewing with a quadrate spot at the end of the cell , an elongate one below across the first median interspace , its inner edge straight , its outer . . .
aeromachus jhora - description . . . forewing with a discal curved series of about six pale dots . . . underside dark brown , the costa and the apex of the forewing and the entire hindwing greenish - ochreous , forewing with the discal series of spots as above , and an indistinct marginal . . .
eupanacra mydon . . . the wing margins are somewhat scalloped and the forewing is slightly excavate below the apex . . . the forewing upperside shaded with brown in both sexes , the male is not much paler than the female . . . the forewing underside has a submarginal line which runs parallel to the distal margin . . .
lamasina - description . . . in some , the males have blue forewing undersides also . . . lamasina has a fairly short forewing cell , measuring less than one - half of the costal length and in males only about one - third . . . androconia (
perfume
scales ) form a characteristic orange or darkened patch on the dorsal forewing . . .
morpho richardus - description . . . forewing with 3 rows of submarginal yellow dots . . . discal area of the forewing yellowish . . . under surface forewing with four small , elongate ocelli of about uniform size , with narrow black irides . . .
no subspecies are listed under this species . it has sometimes been treated as a subspecies of
moore , 1875 – slate awlet . kunte , k . , s . sondhi , and p . roy ( chief editors ) .
the awls and related genera have long , narrow forewings , rounded hindwings with a characteristic deep fold at the inner margin and produced at the tornus . the adult sexes are alike excepting that males have specialised scales and scent brands on the forewings . they have large labial palpi which have a thin third segment protruding ahead of the eye . the eyes are large , an adaptation to the crespuscular habits of this species .
this list forms part of the full list of butterflies of india ( hesperiidae ) which itself is part of the complete list of butterflies of india .
the common name similar awlking is that of taxon similis ( vide evans ( 1932 ) ) which is not recognised as a valid species by savela and by tolweb ( ref its page on genus choaspes ) . taxon similis is now considered to be a synonym of taxon xanthopogon .
the species is considered to be furcata by [ lepindex ] , and as furcatus by tolweb . savela gives it as furcatus without appropriate reference for the change . accordingly it is being retained as furcata , with furcatus as redirect , pending the availability of a proper reference .
hasora alexis ( fabricius , 1775 ) is a synonym of h . chromus vide lepindex
evans in the identification of indian butterflies , ( 1932 ) ( ser no i 1 . 9 , pp 224 ) records it as occurring in the nicobars .
evans in the identification of indian butterflies , ( 1932 ) ( ser no i 1 . 10 , pp 224 ) records it as occurring in the nicobars .
gay , thomas ; kehimkar , isaac david ; punetha , jagdish chandra ( 1992 ) .
. nature guides . bombay , india : world wide fund for nature - india by oxford university press .
watson , e . y . ( 1891 ) hesperiidae indicae . vest and co . madras .
beccaloni , george ; scoble , malcolm ; kitching , ian ; simonsen , thomas ; robinson , gaden ; pitkin , brian ; hine , adrian ; lyal , chris .
brower , andrew v . z . and warren , andrew , ( 2007 ) . coeliadinae evans 1937 . version 21 february 2007 ( temporary ) . urltoken in the tree of life web project , urltoken .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 10 / 19 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
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in 1963 , at the height of the war , president ho chi minh inaugurated what is now the national park , with the words : “forest is gold . we must conserve it well . destruction of the forest will lead to serious effects on both life and productivity . ” so cuc phuong national park is now the star of conservation in vietnam . just 130km from hanoi , with daily scheduled buses , accommodation at the edge of the park as well as in the centre ranges from the modestly luxurious to basic – catering for any budget . good restaurants are available . very few similar forests allow such comforts .
the cuc phuong butterfly fauna is one of the best studied in vietnam . the present list of verified species has passed 400 thanks to the research by ikeda et al . ( 1998 - 2002 ) , hill & monastyrskii ( 1999 ) , and hao et al . ( 2005 ) . but it ' s likely that dozen of species remain to be discovered . a total of 450 species is a safe estimate . this is 40 % of the known butterfly fauna of vietnam . so the number of species of butterflies in this not very large forest ( 220 square km ) is the equivalent ot the entire butterfly fauna of europe . this is biodiversity writ large !
three weeks ago i was back to cuc phuong , a place i have visited many times for birds , but only a few times for butterflies - yes , butterflying and birding are very hard to practice at the same time , and even more so if you are photographer ( you will have to change lens all the time ! ) . i stayed there 1 , 5 day . by the end of the first day i saw around 80 species , and i added 25 more species the following morning . but it ' s possible to spot more than 100 species in the park on a single , good day - but you will have to let your camera in the bag and use more the net !
( abundance : + 1 - 2 specimens , + + 3 - 5 spec . , + + + more than 5 spec . )
again this species eluded me - couldn ' t get a close - up shot arghh . . . !
stichophtalma fruhstorferi note on unh the small streak ( red arrow ) inside the discal cell . in vietnam , only s . fruhstorferi and s . uemurai show this feature
some butterflies have slightly less salubrious habits than we like to think . . .
i thought it was a new species for my personal list but i couldn ' t find anything in the vietnam ' s polyommatinae list that matched up . a . monastyrskii solve the mystery : it ' s ' just ' an aberrant female specimen of ( very likely ) pseudozizeeria maha !
two species of tongeia are known from vietnam ( monastyrskii & devyatkin , 2016 ) : t . potanini ( subsp . potanini in the north , subsp . umbriel in central vn ) and t . ion ( north only )
comprises of 4 species , all of which being limited to the oriental region . in vietnam 3 are recorded -
keen birdwatcher with a love of the natural world , all that is beautiful and ugly and everything in between . my peace comes from being outdoors in amongst nature .
, i am always actively aware of butterflies , and tried to photograph ( and sometimes collect ) specimens as much as possible .
i hope that the more people who see the beauty of these fascinating creatures , the more it will lead to an appreciation that we need to be more pro - active in protecting them against the actions of humans that seem to only be concerned with
development
and monetary profit .
s mostly around hanoi ( ba vi , tam dao and cuc phuong national parks ) .
beautiful and graceful , varied and enchanting , small but approachable , butterflies lead you to the sunny side of life .
number : 146 family : papilioniidae sub - family : papilioniinae species : papilio memnon agenor linnaeus , 1758 common name ( s ) : th . . .
number : 124 family : hesperiidae sub - family : hesperiinae species : parnara cf . ganga ( evans , 1937 ) common name ( s ) : the continental . . .
well , another trip to cuc phuong has yielded yet another species for my personal records . it had been raining all week and i was desperate . . .
established in 1986 for the purpose of conserving limestone forests and musk deer , moschus berezovskii , the huu lien nature reserve is ju . . .
last year , i conduct regular surveys at ba vi national park ( located 70 km west of hanoi ) . regular sampling was carried out from march to . . .
family : saturniidae sub - family : saturniinae species : attacus atlas linnaeus , 1758 common name ( s ) : the atlas moth photography locat . . .
number : 82 family : nymphaliidae sub - family : satyriinae species : penthema lisarda michallati ( janet , 1894 ) common name ( s ) : the ye . . .
number : 252 family : nymphaliidae sub - family : danaiinae species : euploea mulciber mulciber ( cramer , [ 1777 ] ) common name ( s ) : the s . . .
number : 148 family : papilioniidae sub - family : papilioniinae species : papilio polytes polytes linnaeus 1758 common name ( s ) : the . . .
number : 109 family : hesperiidae sub - family : hesperiinae species : potanthus sp . common name ( s ) : dart sp . photography location : ta . . .


scopula variabilis is a moth of the family geometridae .

it is found in angola , cameroon , the democratic republic of congo , kenya and uganda .

scopula variabilis

entom . streaked wave [ scopula virgulata , syn . : acidalia strigaria , a . virgata , a . virgularia , a . virgulata , scopula strigaria ] [ moth ]
zool . striped snail [ cernuella virgata , syn . : c . variabilis , helicella virgata , helix variabilis , h . virgata , theba virgata , trochus virgatus ]
zool . vineyard snail [ cernuella virgata , syn . : c . variabilis , helicella virgata , helix variabilis , h . virgata , theba virgata , trochus virgatus ]
zool . maritime gardensnail / garden snail [ cernuella virgata , syn . : c . variabilis , helicella virgata , helix variabilis , h . virgata , theba virgata , trochus virgatus ]
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rothschild w . & jordan k . 1903 . a revision of the lepidopterous family sphingidae . - novitates zoologicae 9 ( supplement ) : i–cxxxv , 1–972 , pls . 1–67 .
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to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !
if you have photos of any moths featured on this site , and would like them displayed along with your name and comments . . . please send them in ( any size . jpg images ) .
please consider helping with the running costs of norfolk moths . thank you : - )
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
entom . striped mealybug [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]
orn . striped laughingthrush / laughing - thrush [ garrulax virgatus , syn . : strophocincla virgata , trochalopteron virgatum ]
entom . gray mealybug [ am . ] [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]
entom . grey mealybug [ br . ] [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]
entom . spotted mealybug [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]
entom . tailed coffee mealybug [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]
entom . white - tailed mealybug [ ferrisia virgata , syn . : ferrisiana virgata , pseudococcus virgatus ]
entom . marsh oblique - barred [ hypenodes humidalis , also h . turfosalis ] [ moth ]
entom . oblique carpet [ orthonama vittata , syn . : orthonama lignata ] [ moth ]
bot . delicate stonewort [ chara virgata , syn . : c . delicatula , c . fragilis delicatula , c . fragilis var . virgata , c . pilifera , c . trichodes ]
entom . striped lychnis [ shargacucullia lychnitis , syn . : cucullia lychnitis ] [ moth ]
bot . leafy spurge [ euphorbia virgata , syn . : e . waldsteinii ]
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the gansu mole ( scapanulus oweni ) is a species of mammal in the family talpidae endemic to china .

it is the only species in the genus scapanulus .

the mole is the only member of a tribe of genera commonly known as " new world moles " , the scalopini , not to live in north america .

gansu mole

description of the mitogenome of gansu mole ( scapanulus oweni ) . - pubmed - ncbi
phylogenetic position of the gansu mole scapanulus oweni thomas , 1912 and the relationships between strictly fossorial tribes of the family talpidae .
phylogenetic position of the gansu mole scapanulus oweni thomas , 1912 and the relationships between strictly fossorial tribes of the family talpidae . - pubmed - ncbi
the results of the first molecular study focused on the phylogenetic position of the gansu mole , scapanulus oweni are presented . the analysis based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytb gene and five nuclear genes supports the monophyly of the scalopini tribe including s . oweni and shows that two highly fossorial talpid tribes , talpini and scalopini , are not immediate sister taxa . these results highlight the role of morphological parallelism as a potential source of conflict between molecular and morphology - based phylogenies in talpidae .
this species is endemic to china , occurring in the provinces of shaanxi , gansu , sichuan , qinghai ( smith and xie 2008 ) , and hubei . it occurs at elevations ranging from 2 , 700 - 3 , 000 m asl ( stone 1995 ) .
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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
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justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , its occurrence in a number of protected areas , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species occupies the mossy undergrowth of montane fir forest ( smith and xie 2008 ) .
this species occurs in xinglongshan , shennongjia , houhe , taibaishan , and wanglang nature reserves ( csis 2008 ) and may be present in other protected areas . further studies are needed into the abundance , natural history and threats to this species . in china , it has been regionally red listed as vulnerable a1bc ( wang and xie 2004 ) .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t41472a115188420 .
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mitochondrial dna a dna mapp seq anal . 2016 may ; 27 ( 3 ) : 2083 - 4 . doi : 10 . 3109 / 19401736 . 2014 . 982567 . epub 2014 nov 12 .
xu y 1 , huang x 2 , hu y 3 , tu f 2 .
a school of resources and environmental sciences , pingdingshan university , pingdingshan , henan , china .
b institute of wildlife conservation , jiangxi academy of forestry , nanchang , china , and .
bannikova aa 1 , zemlemerova ed 2 , lebedev vs 1 , aleksandrov dy 3 , fang y 4 , sheftel bi 3 .
moscow state university , moscow , 119992 , russia . zemlemerovalena @ ya . ru .
severtsov institute of ecology and evolution , russian academy of sciences , moscow , 117071 , russia .
institute of zoology , chinese ' s academy of science , beijing , people ' s republic of china .
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urltoken
english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .