the lesser long-tailed shrew tenrec ( microgale longicaudata ) is a species of mammal in the family tenrecidae .

it is active at all hours of the day and night , but each individual maintains its own pattern of rest and activity .

lesser long - tailed shrew tenrec

— lesser long tailed shrew tenrec [ 1 ] conservation status least concern ( iucn 3 . 1 ) …
— short tailed shrew tenrec [ 1 ] conservation status least concern ( iucn 3 . 1 ) [ …
a cowan’s shrew tenrec , microgale cowani , in captivity . © peter j . stephenson
— drouhard s shrew tenrec [ 1 ] conservation status least concern ( iucn 3 . 1 ) [ …
— cowan s shrew tenrec [ 1 ] conservation status least concern ( iucn 3 . 1 ) [ 2 …
— dobson s shrew tenrec [ 1 ] conservation status least concern ( iucn 3 . 1 ) [ 2 …
olson , l . e . , goodman , s . m . & yoder , a . d . ( 2004 ) : illumination of cryptic species boundaries in long - tailed shrew tenrecs ( mammalia : tenrecidae ; microgale ) provides insights into geographic variation and distributional constraints . biological journal of the linnean society 83 ( 1 ) : 1 - 22 . (
habitat loss and fragmentation through conversion of forest to agricultural land , logging activities and fire may threaten this species in the long - term .
künzle , h . ( 2012 ) : amygdalar connections in the lesser hedgehog tenrec . brain structure & function 217 ( 1 ) : 141 - 164 . (
künzle , h . ( 2002 ) : distribution of perihippocampo - hippocampal projection neurons in the lesser hedgehog tenrec . neuroscience research 44 ( 4 ) : 405 - 419 . (
gerrits , d . n . ( 1997a ) : keeping and breeding the lesser hedgehog tenrec ( echinops telfairi ) . mitteilungen der bundesarbeitsgruppe ( bag ) kleinsäuger 2 / 97 : 3 . (
savage , r . j . g . , and m . r . long . 1986 . mammal evolution : an illustrated guide . new york : facts on file . isbn 081601194x .
weber , a . ( 2006 ) : der kleine igeltanrek ( echinops telfairi ) [ the lesser hedgehog tenrec ( echinops telfairi ) ] . rodentia 6 ( 4 ) : 31 - 34 . (
schwarzenberger , f . & künzle , h . ( 2004 ) : faecal reproductive hormones in male and female lesser tenrec ( echinops telfairi ) . advances in ethology 38 ( suppl . ) : 116 .
tenrecs with very narrow distributions or specific threats may need extra help . more research is required to confirm the distribution and abundance of poorly known shrew tenrec species ( e . g . dryad , montane and nasolo ' s shrew tenrecs ) . if they genuinely occur in only a handful of sites , conservation efforts will be needed to target their habitat .
höhle , m . ( 2006 ) : der große tanrek ( tenrec ecaudatus ) - haltung und nachzucht der größten tanrek - art [ the tailless tenrec ( tenrec ecaudatus ) - keeping and breeding the largest tenrec species ] . rodentia 6 ( 1 ) : 45 - 47 . (
nicoll , m . e . & rathbun , g . b . ( 1990 ) : african insectivora and elephant - shrews : an action plan for their conservation . iucn / ssc insectivore , tree - shrew and elephant - shrew specialist group , gland , schweiz . 53 pp . (
while they are currently a species of least concern , logging has decreased the population of lesser madagascar tenrecs in some areas of their range .
findlay , g . h . ( 1944 ) : the development of the auditory ossicles in the elephant shrew , the tenrec , and the golden mole . proceedings of the zoolological society of london 114b : 91 - 99 .
künzle , h . ( 1998c ) : origin and terminal distribution of the trigeminal projections to the inferior and superior colliculi in the lesser hedgehog tenrec . european journal of neuroscience 10 ( 1 ) : 368 - 376 . (
soarimalala , v . & goodman , s . m . ( 2008 ) : new distributional records of the recently described and endangered shrew tenrec microgale nasoloi ( tenrecidae : afrosoricida ) from central western madagascar . mammalian biology 73 : 468–471 .
— mažasis tenrekas statusas t sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys : lot . echinops telfairi angl . lesser hedgehog tenrec ; small madagascar hedgehog vok . kleiner igeltanrek rus . иглистый тенрек тельфера ; малый тенрек ryšiai : … …
kupitz , d . g . ( 2000 ) : remarks on the lesser hedgehog tenrec ( echinops telfairi ) . translation of article from mitteilungen der bundesarbeitsgruppe ( bag ) kleinsäuger e . v . 3 / 2000 : 8 - 11 . (
dobson , g . e . ( 1882b ) : the anatomy of microgale longicauda , with remarks on the homologies of the long flexors of the toes in mammalia . journal of anatomy and physiology 16 ( 3 ) : 355–361 . (
louwman , j . w . w . ( 1973a ) : breeding the tailless tenrec tenrec ecaudatus at wassenaar zoo . international zoo yearbook 13 : 125 - 126 . (
some biologists use tenrecomorpha as the name for the tenrec - golden mole clade , but bronner and jenkins ( 2005 ) argue that afrosoricida is more appropriate , despite their misgivings about the similarity between the name
afrosoricida
and the unrelated shrew subgenus afrosorex .
many people confuse lesser tenrecs with a species of african hedgehog found in pet stores but these are not the same animals ; hedgehogs are members of a different order .
lesser madagascar tenrecs are covered with spines , which range in color from white to black . fine hairs cover their paws and bellies , and their tails are barely visible .
has a nocturnal activity pattern and resembles a shrew in terms of lifestyle . it uses its hind limbs and elongated prehensile tail for climbing and richochetting among tree branches in forest habitats .
goodman , s . m . , langrand , o . & raxworthy , c . j . ( 1993a ) : food habits of the madagascar long - eared owl asio madagascariensis in two habitats in southern madagascar . ostrich 64 : 79 - 85 .
poppitt , s . d . , speakman , j . r . & racey , p . a . ( 1994 ) : energetics of reproduction in the lesser hedgehog tenrec , echinops telfairi ( martin ) . physiological zoology 67 ( 4 ) : 976 - 994 .
hilgartner , r . d . ( 2005 ) : some ecological and behavioural notes on the shrew tenrec microgale cf . longicaudata in the dry deciduous forest of western madagascar . afrotherian conservation ( newsletter of the iucn / ssc afrotheria specialist group ) 3 : 3 - 5 . (
lesser madagascar tenrecs weigh 4 to 7 ounces ( 113 to 255 grams ) and grow to between 5 . 5 and 7 inches ( 14 to 18 centimeters ) in length .
the tenrecinae are spiny tenrecs . the largest species is the tailless tenrec , tenrec ecaudatus , which weighs up to 1 kg . it is as large as a rabbit , and is less spinescent than the other species . other spiny tenrecs are the two species of hedgehog tenrec ( setifer setosus and echinops telfairi ) and the two species of streaked tenrec ( hemicentetes semispinosus and h . nigriceps )
soarimalala , v . , raheriarisena , m . & goodman , s . m . ( 2010 ) : new distributional records from central - eastern madagascar and patterns of morphological variation in the endangered shrew tenrec microgale jobihely ( afrosoricida : tenrecidae ) . mammalia 74 ( 2 ) : 187–198 . (
schmolke , c . & künzle , h . ( 1997 ) : on the presence of dendrite bundles in the cerebral cortex of the madagascan lesser hedgehog tenrec and the red - eared pond turtle . anatomy and embryology ( berlin ) 196 ( 3 ) : 195 - 213 . (
suárez , r . , villalón , a . , künzle , h . , mpodozis , j . ( 2009 ) : transposition and intermingling of galphai2 and galphao afferences into single vomeronasal glomeruli in the madagascan lesser tenrec echinops telfairi . plos one 4 ( 11 ) : e8005 . (
riordan , d . v . ( 1972 ) : reproduction in the spiny hedgehog tenrec setifer setosus and the pigmy hedgehog tenrec echinops telfairi . jersey wildlife preservation trust annual report 9 : 18 - 25 .
stephenson , p . j . , speakman , j . r . & racey , p . a . ( 1994 ) : field metabolic rate in two species of shrew - tenrec , microgale dobsoni and m . talazaci . comparative biochemistry and physiology a 107 ( 2 ) : 283 - 287 . (
goodman , s . m . , raxworthy , c . j . , maminirina , c . p . & olson , l . e . ( 2006 ) : a new species of shrew tenrec ( microgale jobihely ) from northern madagascar . journal of zoology 270 ( 2 ) : 384 - 398 . (
lovegrove , b . g . & génin , f . ( 2008 ) : torpor and hibernation in a basal placental mammal , the lesser hedgehog tenrec echinops telfairi . journal of comparative physiology b ( biochemical , systemic , and environmental physiology ) : 178 ( 6 ) : 691 - 698 . (
scaling , a . ( 1971 ) : progress report on the breeding of pigmy hedgehog tenrec echinops telfairi and spiny hedgehog tenrec setifer setosus . jersey wildlife preservation trust annual report 8 : 12 - 14 . (
in the wild , lesser madagascar tenrecs are opportunistic feeders ; they will forage on the ground and in trees for invertebrates . they will also eat some other small animals , such as baby mice .
a lowland streaked tenrec , hemicentetes semispinosus . © l . e . olson & s . m . goodman
nicoll , m . e . ( 2009 ) : species profile : the common tenrec , tenrec ecaudatus . afrotherian conservation ( newsletter of the iucn / ssc afrotheria specialist group ) 7 : 2 - 3 . (
schwarzenberger , f . & künzle , h . ( 2005 ) : special features of reproduction in the lesser tenrec ( echinops telfairi ) . erkrankungen der zootiere . verhandlungsbericht des internationalen symposiums über die erkrankungen der zoo - und wildtiere / international symposium on diseases of zoo and wild animals 42 : 68 - 70 .
macphee , r . d . e . ( 1987a ) : the shrew tenrecs of madagascar : systematic revision and holocene distribution of microgale ( insectivora : tenrecidae ) . american museum novitates 2889 : 1 - 45 . (
stephenson , p . j . ( 1995a ) : taxonomy of shrew - tenrecs ( microgale spp . ) from eastern and central madagascar . journal of zoology , london 235 ( 2 ) : 339 - 350 . (
enders , a . c . , carter , a . m . , künzle , h . & vogel , p . ( 2005 ) : structure of the ovaries of the nimba otter shrew , micropotamogale lamottei , and the madagascar hedgehog tenrec , echinops telfairi . cells tissues organs 179 ( 4 ) : 179 - 191 . (
goodman , s . m . , vasey , n . & burney , d . a . ( 2007 ) : description of a new species of subfossil shrew tenrec ( afrosoricida : tenrecidae : microgale ) from cave deposits in southeastern madagascar . proceedings of the biological society of washington 120 ( 4 ) : 367 - 376 . (
enders , a . c . , blankenship , t . n . , goodman , s . m . , soarimalala , v . & carter , a . m . ( 2007 ) : placental diversity in malagasy tenrecs : placentation in shrew tenrecs ( microgale spp . ) , the mole - like rice tenrec ( oryzorictes hova ) and the web - footed tenrec ( limnogale mergulus ) . placenta 28 ( 7 ) : 748 - 759 . (
nikaido , m . , cao , y . , okada , n . & hasegawa , m . ( 2003 ) : the phylogenetic relationships of insectivores with special reference to the lesser hedgehog tenrec as inferred from the complete sequence of their mitochondrial genome . genes & genetic systems 78 ( 1 ) : 107 - 112 . (
— / ten rek / , n . any of several insectivorous mammals of the family tenrecidae , of madagascar , having a long , pointed snout , certain species of which are spiny and tailless . also , tanrec . [ 1720 30 ; < f < malagasy tàndraka ] * * * ▪ mammal family any …
tatayah , r . v . ( 1996 ) : an evaluation of the carcass and meat quality of tenrec ( tenrec ecaudatus ) . bsc ( hons ) agriculture dissertation . university of mauritius . réduit , mauritius ( unp ) .
kosaka , k . , künzle , h . & kosaka , t . ( 2005 ) : organization of the main olfactory bulb of lesser hedgehog tenrecs . neuroscience research 53 ( 4 ) : 353 - 362 . (
zimmer , c . ( 2004 ) : tenrec tales . muse , may / june 2004 . ( free full text )
a number of predators are known or suspected to feed on tenrecs . these range from birds of prey and viverrid carnivores to snakes ; some small shrew tenrecs ( microgale spp . ) may even be attacked by larger species of their own genus .
millins , c . ( 2005 ) : management to prevent metabolic bone disease in lesser hedgehog tenrecs ( echinops telfairi ) and the use of radiography to monitor bone density . case study submitted in partial fulfilment msc wild animal health , london .
vahrusheva , g . v . & ilchenko , o . g . ( 2005 ) : nash opyt iskusstvennogo vykarmlivanija iglistogo tenreka i ochkovogo listonosa . [ our experience of hand - rearing lesser hedgehog tenrec and seba ' s fruit bat . ] [ in russian ] . nauchnye issledovanija v zoologicheskih parkah ( scientific research in zoological parks ) 18 : 43 - 50 . (
sigaud , m . , caceres , s . , picard , m . , desvars , a . & michault , a . ( 2009 ) : le tanrec ( tenrec ecaudatus ) : réservoir animal de leptospires ? [ tailless tenrec ( tenrec ecaudatus ) : natural maintenance host of leptospires ? ] bulletin de la société de pathologie exotique 102 ( 1 ) : 19 - 20 . (
richaud , j . ( 1970 ) : immunité du tenrec à la peste expérimentale : aspect immunologique . [ immunity of the tenrec to experimental plague : immunological aspect . ] comptes rendus de la société de biologie 164 ( 4 ) : 931 - 933 . (
philippen , h . - d . ( 2003 ) : haltung und pflege des kleinen igeltanreks ( echinops telfairi martin 1838 ) - der
tambotriky
ist das ideale heimtier für nachtschwärmer [ keeping the lesser hedgehog tenrec ( echinops telfairi martin 1838 ) - the
tambotriky
is the ideal pet for night owls ] . rodentia 3 ( 3 ) : 42 - 46 . (
smaller than the greater madagascar tenrecs , they are not actually closely related species—they are classified in separate genera . lesser madagascar tenrecs are nocturnal and have poor eyesight , but their whiskers are very sensitive and their senses of smell and hearing are well developed .
harrison , t . m . & harrison , s . h . ( 2017 ) : evaluation of husbandry and mortality in lesser hedgehog tenrecs ( echinops telfairi ) . journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 48 ( 2 ) : 440 - 445 . (
stephenson , p . j . & racey , p . a . ( 1993b ) : reproductive energetics of the tenrecidae ( mammalia : insectivora ) . ii . the shrew - tenrecs , microgale spp . physiological zoology 66 ( 5 ) : 664 - 685 . (
has an exceeding long , prehensile tail . the tail is usually is 1 . 5 to 2 . 6 times the length of the body . the tail is composed of 47 vertebrae , which is more than any other mammal besides the pangolins . the tail is used by these animals in their climbing and richocheting locomotion . to aid in their semi - arboreal and scansorial lifestyle ,
morawski , m . , brückner , g . , jäger , c . , seeger , g . , künzle , h . & arendt , t . ( 2010 ) : aggrecan - based extracellular matrix shows unique cortical features and conserved subcortical principles of mammalian brain organization in the madagascan lesser hedgehog tenrec ( echinops telfairi martin , 1838 ) . neuroscience 165 ( 3 ) : 831 - 849 . (
brygoo , e . - r . ( 1960 ) : immunité du hérisson et du tenrec à la peste expérimentale [ immunity of the hedgehog and the tenrec to experimental plague ] [ in french ] . archives de l ' institut pasteur de madagascar 28 : 47 - 52 .
piccinini , m . , kleinschmidt , t . , gorr , t . , weber , r . e . , künzle , h . & braunitzer , g . ( 1991 ) : primary structure and oxygen - binding properties of the hemoglobin from the lesser hedgehog tenrec ( echinops telfairi , zalambdodonta ) . evidence for phylogenetic isolation . biol . chem . hoppe - seyler 372 : 975 - 989 . (
rook , c . ( 2007c ) : zoo ' s tenrec sweeter after therapy . lansing state journal , published march 28 , 2007 . (
hildwein , g . ( 1964a ) : evolution saisonnière de la thermorégulation chez le tenrec ( centetes ecaudatus ) . [ seasonal course of thermoregulation in the tenrec ( centetes ecaudatus ) . ] comptes rendus des séances de la société de biologie et de ses filiales 158 : 1137 - 1139 . (
jenkins , p . d . ( 2003 ) : microgale , shrew tenrecs . in : goodman , s . m . & benstead , j . p . ( eds ) : the natural history of madagascar . university of chicago press , chicago and london . pp . 1273 - 1278 .
miller , m . ( 2007 ) : potter park zoo ' s tenrec has caesarean . lansing state journal , published september 1 , 2007 . (
apanaskevich , d . a . , soarimalala , v . & goodman , s . m . ( 2013 ) : a new ixodes species ( acari : ixodidae ) , parasite of shrew tenrecs ( afrosoricida : tenrecidae ) in madagascar . journal of parasitology 99 ( 6 ) : 970 - 972 . (
benstead , j . p . , and l . e . olson . 2003 . limnogale mergulus , web - footed tenrec or aquatic tenrec . pages 1267–73 in s . m . goodman and j . p . benstead , the natural history of madagascar . chicago : university of chicago press . isbn 9780226303079 .
goodman , s . m . ( 2003a ) : oryzorictes , mole tenrec or rice tenrec . in : goodman , s . m . & benstead , j . p . ( eds ) : the natural history of madagascar . university of chicago press , chicago and london . pp . 1278 - 1281 .
hildwein , g . ( 1970 ) : capacités thermorégulatrices d ' un mammifère insectivore primitif , le tenrec ; leurs variations saisonnières . [ thermoregulatory capacities of a primitive insectivorous mammal , the tenrec ; their seasonal variations . ] archives des sciences physiologiques ( paris ) 24 ( 1 ) : 55 - 71 . (
künzle , h . ( 2006 ) : thalamo - striatal projections in the hedgehog tenrec . brain research 1100 ( 1 ) : 78 - 92 . (
nicoll , m . e . ( 2003 ) : tenrec ecaudatus , tenrec , tandraka , trandraka . in : goodman , s . m . & benstead , j . p . ( eds ) : the natural history of madagascar . university of chicago press , chicago and london . pp . 1283 - 1287 .
robinson , t . , j . fu , b . ferguson - smith , et al . 2004 . cross - species chromosome painting in the golden mole and elephant - shrew : support for the mammalian clades afrotheria and afroinsectiphillia but not afroinsectivora . proceedings of the royal society b 271 ( 1547 ) : 1477–84 .
lesser madagascar tenrecs go through torpor for three to five months during the cold season and begin mating when they emerge , usually in october . torpor is a state of hibernation - like inactivity in the body , in which the animal ' s temperature , respiration , and heartbeat decrease to conserve energy .
künzle , h . ( 1998d ) : trigeminal projections to thalamus and subthalamus in the hedgehog tenrec . neuroscience 86 ( 2 ) : 651 - 661 . (
rook , c . ( 2007b ) : potter park zoo ' s tenrec is back in action . lansing state journal , published march 15 , 2007 . (
chabaud , a . g . & brygoo , e . - r . ( 1960 ) : deux nouveaux metastrongylides parasites du tenrec ( 1 ) [ two new metastrongylides parasitic of tenrec ( 1 ) - in french . ] mémoires de l ' institut scientifique de madagascar ( série a ) 14 : 161 - 172 . (
anonymous ( 1967 ) : tenrec note . . . duluth zoo , minn . aazpa newsletter vol . viii , no . 8 , august , 1967 : 8 .
nicoll , m . e . ( 1986 ) : diel variation in body temperature in tenrec ecaudatus during seasonal hypothermia . journal of mammalogy 67 : 759 - 762 .
rook , c . ( 2007a ) : tiny patient : zoo tenrec battling cancer with help from msu . lansing state journal , published february 20 , 2007 . (
tatayah , r . v . & driver , b . m . f . ( 2000 ) : an evaluation of the carcass quality of male tenrec ( tenrec ecaudatus ) , a non - conventional source of meat protein in mauritius . science and technology , research journal of the university of mauritius 6 : 69 - 82 . (
harrison , t . m . , dominguez , p . , hanzlik , k . , sikarskie , j . g . , agnew , d . , bergin , i . , fitzgerald , s . d . , kitchell , b . e . & mcniel , e . ( 2010 ) : treatment of an amelanotic melanoma using radiation therapy in a lesser madagascar hedgehog tenrec ( echinops telfairi ) . journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 41 ( 1 ) : 152 - 157 . (
künzle , h . ( 1996a ) : diencephalic connections of the superior colliculus in the hedgehog tenrec . experimental brain research 111 ( 3 ) : 356 - 370 . (
berken , p . a . ( 2006 ) : sonografische topografie der großen abdominalen organe und echografische graviditätsdiagnostik beim kleinen igeltenrek - echinops telfairi [ sonographic topography of the large abdominal organs and echographic gravidity diagnostics in the lesser hedgehog tenrec - echinops telfairi ] [ in german ] . inaugural - dissertation zur erlangung der tiermedizinischen doktorwürde der tierärztlichen fakultät der ludwig - maximilians - universität münchen ( doctoral thesis in veterinary medicine at the faculty of veterinary medicine of the ludwig maximilian university munich ) . 121 pp . (
thompson , k . a . , agnew , d . , nofs , s . a . & harrison , t . m . ( 2017 ) : obstetrical and postpartum complications in lesser madagascar hedgehog tenrecs ( echinops telfairi ) : four cases . journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 48 ( 2 ) : 446 - 452 . (
künzle , h . ( 1996b ) : prominent collicular projections to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the hedgehog tenrec . annals of anatomy , supplement 178 : 199 - 200 .
jenkins , p . d . , raxworthy , c . j . & nussbaum , r . a . ( 1997 ) : a new species of microgale ( insectivora , tenrecidae ) , with comments on the status of four other taxa of shrew tenrecs . the bulletin of the natural history museum ( zoology ) 63 ( 1 ) : 1 - 12 .
thaller , d . , schmid , n . , schwarzenberger , f . , streich , w . j . , künzle , h . & clauss , m . ( 2008 ) : hemosiderosis in captive lesser hedgehog tenrecs ( echinops telfairi ) . 5th european zoo nutrition conference , january 24th - 27th , 2008 , chester , uk . (
benstead , j . p . & olson , l . e . ( 2003 ) : limnogale mergulus , web - footed tenrec or aquatic tenrec . in : goodman , s . m . & benstead , j . p . ( eds ) : the natural history of madagascar . university of chicago press , chicago and london . pp . 1267 - 1273 . (
thaller , d . , künzle , h . , clauss , m . , schwarzenberger , f . & schmidt , p . ( 2006 ) : longtime pathological survey of a colony of captive held lesser hedgehog tenrecs ( echinops telfairi ) . 24th meeting of the european society of veterinary pathology , edinburgh , august 30th to september 2nd , 2006 . (
künzle , h . ( 2005a ) : the striatum in the hedgehog tenrec : histochemical organization and cortical afferents . brain research 1034 ( 1 - 2 ) : 90 - 113 . (
stephenson , p . j . ( 2017b ) : new bamboo named after a tenrec . afrotherian conservation ( newsletter of the iucn / ssc afrotheria specialist group ) 13 : 50 . (
asher , r . j . , and m . hofreiter . 2006 . tenrec phylogeny and the noninvasive extraction of nuclear dna . syst biol 55 ( 2 ) : 181–94 . pmid 16522569 .
künzle , h . ( 1997 ) : connections of the superior colliculus with the tegmentum and the cerebellum in the hedgehog tenrec . neuroscience research 28 ( 2 ) : 127 - 145 . (
asher , r . j . & hofreiter , m . ( 2006 ) : tenrec phylogeny and the noninvasive extraction of nuclear dna . systematic biology 55 ( 2 ) : 181 - 194 . (
künzle , h . ( 1998b ) : thalamic territories innervated by cerebellar nuclear afferents in the hedgehog tenrec , echinops telfairi . journal of comparative neurology 402 ( 3 ) : 313 - 326 . (
leche , w . ( 1905 ) : ein eigenartiges säugetierhirn , nebst bemerkungen über den hirnbau der insectivora [ probably on the brain of tenrec ecaudatus ] . anatomischer anzeiger 26 : 577 - 589 .
nicoll , m . e . ( 1982 ) : reproductive ecology of tenrec ecaudatus ( insectivora : tenrecidae ) in the seychelles . unpublished ph . d . dissertation , university of aberdeen , uk .
iucn2006 | assessors = afrotheria specialist group ( tenrec section ) , olson , l . & goodman , s . | year = 2006 | id = 40592 | title = echinops telfairi | downloaded =
endo , h . , oishi , m . , yonezawa , t . , rakotondraparany , f . , & hasegawa , m . ( 2007 ) : the semifossorial function of the forelimb in the common rice tenrec ( oryzorictes hova ) and the streaked tenrec ( hemicentetes hemispinosus ) . anatomia , histologia , embryologia : journal of veterinary medicine series c 36 ( 6 ) : 413 - 418 . (
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finlay , s . & cooper , n . ( 2015 ) : morphological diversity in tenrecs ( afrosoricida , tenrecidae ) : comparing tenrec skull diversity to their closest relatives . peerj 3 : e927 . (
künzle , h . ( 2003 ) : neocortical connections with perihippocampal and periamygdalar regions in the hedgehog tenrec . anatomy and embryology ( berlin ) 207 ( 4 - 5 ) : 389 - 407 . (
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stephenson , p . j . ( 1994c ) : notes on the biology of the fossorial tenrec , oryzorictes hova ( insectivora : tenrecidae ) . mammalia 58 ( 2 ) : 312 - 315 . (
künzle , h . ( 1995a ) : regional and laminar distribution of cortical neurons projecting to either superior or inferior colliculus in the hedgehog tenrec . cerebral cortex 5 ( 4 ) : 338 - 352 . (
oron , u . & crompton , a . w . ( 1985 ) : a cineradiographic and electromyographic study of mastication in tenrec ecaudatus . journal of morphology 185 ( 2 ) : 155 - 182 . (
taynton , k . m . ( 1979 ) : handrearing pigmy hedgehog tenrec echinops telfairi at the jersey wildlife preservation trust . dodo , journal of the jersey wildlife preservation trust 16 : 64 - 69 . (
jagger , j . a . , taylor , c . r . & crompton , a . w . ( 1974 ) : the tenrec , a primitive mammal with reptilian energetics . federation proceedings 33 : 349 .
künzle , h . ( 2009 ) : tracing thalamo - cortical connections in tenrec . a further attempt to characterize poorly differentiated neocortical regions , particularly the motor cortex . brain research 1253 : 35 - 47 . (
künzle , h . ( 2008 ) : the presence and absence of prosencephalic cell groups relaying striatal information to the medial and lateral thalamus in tenrec . journal of anatomy 212 ( 6 ) : 795 - 816 . (
künzle , h . & radtke - schuller , s . ( 2001c ) : hippocampal fields in the hedgehog tenrec . their architecture and major intrinsic connections . neuroscience research 41 ( 3 ) : 267 - 291 . (
nicoll , m . e . ( 1985a ) : responses to seychelles tropical forest seasons by a litter - foraging mammalian insectivore , tenrec ecaudatus , native to madagascar . journal of animal ecology 54 : 71 - 88 .
stephenson , p . j . ( 1994b ) : resting metabolic rate and body temperature in the aquatic tenrec , limnogale mergulus ( insectivora : tenrecidae ) . acta theriologica 39 ( 1 ) : 89 - 92 . (
wever , e . g . & herman , p . n . ( 1968 ) : stridulation and hearing in the tenrec , hemicentetes semispinosus . journal of auditory research 8 ( 1 ) : 39 - 42 . (
brown - séquard , e . ( 1852 ) : on the causes of the torpidity of the tenrec ( erinaceus ecaudatus , linn . ) . the medical examiner and record of medical science 93 : 549 - 550 . (
künzle , h . ( 1995b ) : crossed thalamocortical connections in the madagascan hedgehog tenrec : dissimilarities to erinaceous hedgehog , similarities to mammals with more differentiated brains . neuroscience letters 189 ( 2 ) : 89 - 92 . (
künzle , h . & radtke - schuller , s . ( 2001b ) : cortical connections of the claustrum and subjacent cell groups in the hedgehog tenrec . anatomy and embryology 203 ( 5 ) : 403 - 415 . (
wolff , a . & künzle , h . ( 1997 ) : cortical and medullary somatosensory projections to the cochlear nuclear complex in the hedgehog tenrec . neuroscience letters 221 ( 2 - 3 ) : 125 - 128 . (
eastern rain forest in madagascar is habitat for many tenrec species , yet much of it is being lost to provide land for agriculture such as these paddy fields in the north - east of the country . © peter j . stephenson
künzle , h . ( 1998a ) : care and breeding of the madagascan hedgehog tenrec , echinops telfairi , under laboratory conditions . der tierschutzbeauftragte 1 / 98 : 5 - 12 ; 2 / 98 : 113 - 115 . (
künzle , h . & radtke - schuller , s . ( 2000a ) : basal telencephalic regions connected with the olfactory bulb in a madagascan hedgehog tenrec . journal of comparative neurology 423 ( 4 ) : 706 - 726 . (
radtke - schuller , s . & künzle , h . ( 2000 ) : olfactory bulb and retrobulbar regions in the hedgehog tenrec : organization and interconnections . journal of comparative neurology 423 ( 4 ) : 687 - 705 . (
stephenson , p . j . ( 2002 ) : species profile : the large - eared tenrec ( geogale aurita ) . afrotherian conservation ( newsletter of the iucn / ssc afrotheria specialist group ) 1 : 1 - 3 . (
everson , k . m . ( 2016 ) : a fully resolved tenrec phylogeny , with implications for taxonomy and ancestral habitats . afrotherian conservation ( newsletter of the iucn / ssc afrotheria specialist group ) 12 : 9 - 10 . (
höhle , m . ( 2004 ) : naturnahe tanrek - haltung - tipps für die natürliche terrariengestaltung [ near - natural tenrec husbandry - tips for a natural terrarium design ] . rodentia 4 ( 4 ) : 24 - 26 . (
künzle , h . & unger , j . w . ( 1992 ) : neuropeptide y - like immunoreactive neurons in the suprachiasmatic - subparaventricular region in the hedgehog - tenrec . brain research 576 ( 2 ) : 332 - 336 . (
eibl - eibesfeldt , i . ( 1965 ) : das duftmarkieren des igeltanrek ( echinops telfairi martin ) . [ odor marking of the tenrec ( echinops telfairi martin ) . ] zeitschrift für tierpsychologie 22 ( 7 ) : 810 - 812 . (
künzle , h . ( 1992 ) : meso - diencephalic regions projecting to spinal cord and dorsal column nuclear complex in the hedgehog - tenrec , echinops telfairi . anatomy and embryology ( berlin ) 185 ( 1 ) : 57 - 68 . (
künzle , h . & radtke - schuller , s . ( 2001a ) : oligosynaptic pathways possibly relaying visceral and / or gustatory information to the olfactory bulb in the hedgehog tenrec . neuroscience letters 303 ( 1 ) : 53 - 56 . (
reuter , k . e . & sewall , b . j . ( 2016 ) : taboos and sustainability of tenrec hunting in madagascar . afrotherian conservation ( newsletter of the iucn / ssc afrotheria specialist group ) 12 : 11 - 15 . (
godfrey , g . k . & oliver , w . l . r . ( 1978 ) : the reproduction and development of the pigmy hedgehog tenrec echinops telfairi . dodo , journal of the jersey wildlife preservation trust 15 : 38 - 51 . (
jenkins , p . d . , goodman , s . m . & raxworthy , c . j . ( 1996 ) : the shrew tenrecs ( microgale ) ( insectivora : tenrecidae ) of the réserve naturelle intégrale d ' andringitra , madagascar . in : goodman , s . m . ( ed . ) : a floral and faunal inventory of the eastern side of the réserve naturelle intégrale d ' andringitra , madagascar : with reference to elevational variation . fieldiana ( zoology ) 85 : 191 - 217 .
krubitzer , l . , künzle , h . & kaas , j . ( 1997 ) : organization of sensory cortex in a madagascan insectivore , the tenrec ( echinops telfairi ) . journal of comparative neurology 379 ( 3 ) : 399 - 414 . (
künzle , h . & rehkämper , g . ( 1992 ) : distribution of cortical neurons projecting to dorsal column nuclear complex and spinal cord in the hedgehog tenrec , echinops telfairi . somatosensory and motor research 9 ( 3 ) : 185 - 197 . (
nicoll , m . e . & racey , p . a . ( 1985 ) : follicular development , ovulation , fertilization and fetal development in tenrecs ( tenrec ecaudatus ) . journal of reproduction and fertility 74 ( 1 ) : 47 - 55 . (
ehrlich , c . ( 2008 ) : skurrile babys ! daten und informationen zur spannenden nachzucht verschiedener tanrek - arten [ bizarre babies ! data and information on the exciting breeding of different tenrec species ] . rodentia 8 ( 5 ) : 18 - 23 . (
künzle , h . ( 2004 ) : the hippocampal continuation ( indusium griseum ) : its connectivity in the hedgehog tenrec and its status within the hippocampal formation of higher vertebrates . anatomy and embryology ( berlin ) 208 ( 3 ) : 183 - 213 . (
the geogalinae is a recently recognised sub - family , comprising the single species , geogale aurita ( the large - eared tenrec ) . it is a small species ( about 7g ) adapted for life in the arid south - west and specialised in a termite diet .
chernova , o . f . & hoffmann , r . s . ( 2004 ) : [ a comparative study of thin structure of tenrec spines ( mammalia , tenrecidae ) ] [ in russian ] . zoologicheskii zhurnal 83 ( 2 ) : 159 - 165 . (
künzle , h . & radtke - schuller , s . ( 2000b ) : the subrhinal paleocortex in the hedgehog tenrec : a multiarchitectonic characterization and an analysis of its connections with the olfactory bulb . anatomy and embryology 202 ( 6 ) : 491 - 506 . (
wallis , m . ( 2009 ) : prolactin in the afrotheria : characterization of genes encoding prolactin in elephant ( loxodonta africana ) , hyrax ( procavia capensis ) and tenrec ( echinops telfairi ) . journal of endocrinology 200 ( 2 ) : 233 - 240 . (
künzle , h . & lotter , g . ( 1996 ) : efferents from the lateral frontal cortex to spinomedullary target areas , trigeminal nuclei , and spinally projecting brainstem regions in the hedgehog tenrec . journal of comparative neurology 372 ( 1 ) : 88 - 110 . (
sillitoe , r . v . , künzle , h . & hawkes , r . ( 2003 ) : zebrin ii compartmentation of the cerebellum in a basal insectivore , the madagascan hedgehog tenrec echinops telfairi . journal of anatomy 203 ( 3 ) : 283 - 296 . (
stephenson , p . j . & racey , p . a . ( 1993a ) : reproductive energetics of the tenrecidae ( mammalia : insectivora ) . i . the large - eared tenrec , geogale aurita . physiological zoology 66 ( 5 ) : 643 - 663 . (
hörchner , f . ( 1962 ) : zur helminthenfauna des igeltanreks ( echinops telfairi martin ) . [ on the helminth fauna of the tenrec ( echinops telfairi martin ) . ] zeitschrift für parasitenkunde [ now
parasitology research
] 22 ( 2 ) : 176 - 182 . (
tenrecs are generally found in forest habitats . most species occur in the eastern rain forests , but a handful ( e . g . geogale , echinops ) are adapted to the arid spiny desert in the south - west of madagascar . the aquatic tenrec ( limnogale mergulus ) requires clear , running freshwater . some species - such as tailless tenrecs ( tenrec ecaudatus ) and streaked tenrecs ( hemicentetes ) - appear able to adapt easily to man - induced disturbance , and can survive in secondary forest or agricultural land . mole tenrecs ( oryzorictes ) have been found in rice fields .
carter , a . m . , blankenship , t . n . , künzle , h . & enders , a . c . ( 2004 ) : structure of the definitive placenta of the tenrec , echinops telfairi . placenta 25 ( 2 - 3 ) : 218 - 232 . (
künzle , h . , poulsen nautrup , c . & schwarzenberger , f . ( 2007 ) : high inter - individual variation in the gestation length of the hedgehog tenrec , echinops telfairi ( afrotheria ) . animal reproduction science 97 ( 3 - 4 ) : 364 - 374 . (
rudloff , k . ( 1996 ) : das tierporträt : großer igeltanrek , setifer setosus frohriep , 1806 [ the animal portrait : greater hedgehog tenrec , setifer setosus frohriep , 1806 ] [ article in german ] . mitteilungen der bundesarbeitsgruppe ( bag ) kleinsäuger 3 / 1996 : 10 . (
faulstich , b . m . , radtke - schuller , s . & koessl , m . ( 1999 ) : dpoae from the cochlea of the tenrec , echinops telfairi . in : abstracts of the 22nd midwinter research meeting of the association for research in otolaryngology , abstract number 375 . (
riedelsheimer , b . , unterberger , p . , künzle , h . & welsch , u . ( 2007 ) : histological study of the cloacal region and associated structures in the hedgehog tenrec echinops telfairi . mammalian biology - zeitschrift für säugetierkunde 72 ( 6 ) : 330 - 341 . (
schunke , a . c . & zeller , u . ( 2010 ) : chondrocranium and dermal bones of the lowland streaked tenrec hemicentetes semispinosus ( afrosoricida , tenrecidae ) and their comparison with potamogale and other insectivoran - grade placental mammals . vertebrate zoology 60 ( 1 ) : 37 - 72 . (
hildebrandt , k . b . p . , goodman , s . m . & olson , l . e . ( 2007 ) : mitonuclear phylogeography and species limits in the malagasy mole - tenrec , oryzorictes hova . oral presentation , annual meeting of the american society of mammalogists , albuquerque , new mexico .
levesque , d . l . , rakotondravony , d . & lovegrove , b . g . ( 2012 ) : home range and shelter site selection in the greater hedgehog tenrec in the dry deciduous forest of western madagascar . journal of zoology ( london ) 287 ( 3 ) : 161 - 168 . (
brady , s . , harrison , t . , rodriguez jr , c . o . , johnson , a . & wack , r . f . ( 2016 ) : oral squamous cell carcinoma in a greater hedgehog tenrec ( setifer setosus ) . veterinary record case reports 4 ( 1 ) : e000314 . (
carter , a . m . , blankenship , t . n . , künzle , h . & enders , a . c . ( 2005 ) : development of the haemophagous region and labyrinth of the placenta of the tenrec , echinops telfairi . placenta 26 ( 2 - 3 ) : 251 - 261 . (
künzle , h . , radtke - schuller , s . & stebut , b . ( 2002 ) : parabrachio - cortical connections with the lateral hemisphere in the madagascan hedgehog tenrec : prominent projections to layer 1 , weak projections from layer 6 . brain research bulletin 57 ( 5 ) : 705 - 719 . (
stephenson , p . j . ( 2003 ) : hemicentetes , streaked tenrec , sora , tsora . in : goodman , s . m . & benstead , j . p . ( eds ) : the natural history of madagascar . university of chicago press , chicago and london . pp . 1281 - 1283 . (
stumpf , p . , künzle , h . & welsch , u . ( 2004 ) : cutaneous eccrine glands of the foot pads of the small madagascan tenrec ( echinops telfairi , insectivora , tenrecidae ) : skin glands in a primitive mammal . cell and tissue research 315 ( 1 ) : 59 - 70 . (
ganzhorn , j . u . , ganzhorn , a . w . , abraham , j . - p . , andriamanarivo , l . & ramananjatovo , a . ( 1990 ) : the impact of selective logging on forest structure and tenrec populations in western madagascar . oecologia 84 ( 1 ) : 126 - 133 . (
henke , j . , reinert , j . , preissel , a . k . & radtke - schuller , s . ( 2007 ) : partially antagonisable anaesthesia of the small hedgehog tenrec ( echinops telfairi ) with medetomidine , midazolam and ketamine . journal of experimental animal science 43 ( 4 ) : 255 - 264 . (
nicoll , m . e . ( 1983 ) : mechanisms and consequences of large litter production in tenrec ecaudatus ( insectivora : tenrecidae ) . proceedings of the 3rd international colloquium on the ecology and taxonomy of african small mammals . annales de la musée royale de l ' afrique centrale , sciences zoologiques 237 : 219 - 226 .
benstead , j . p . , barnes , k . h . & pringle , c . m . ( 2001 ) : diet , activity patterns , foraging movement and responses to deforestation of the aquatic tenrec limnogale mergulus ( lipotyphla : tenrecidae ) in eastern madagascar . journal of zoology ( london ) 254 : 119 - 129 . (
meyer , d . ( 2008 ) :
kleine große igeltanreks
– einige bemerkungen zur gelungenen nachzucht des großen igeltanreks ( setifer setosus ) [
small greater hedgehog tenrecs
- some remarks on the successful captive breeding of the greater hedgehog tenrec ( setifer setosus ) ] . rodentia 8 ( 5 ) : 29 - 31 . (
the aquatic tenrec ( limnogale mergulus ) is the greatest cause for concern among conservationists . it is known from only 10 sites in madagascar and appears to be restricted to clear streams with abundant prey . siltation caused by widespread deforestation is expected to cause problems as it will reduce prey species . animals are also drowned in eel and crayfish traps .
drexl , m . , faulstich , m . , stebut , b . , radtke - schuller , s . & kössl , m . ( 2003 ) : distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory evoked potentials in the hedgehog tenrec , echinops telfairi . journal of the association for research in otolaryngology 4 ( 4 ) : 555 - 564 . (
andriatsarafara , f . r . ( 1981 ) : quelques observations sur l ' ontogénie et le comportement de tenrec ecaudatus ( schreber 1777 ) en captivité : comparaisons avec les données connues chez d ' autres insectivores [ some observations on development and behaviour of tenrec ecaudatus ( schreber , 1777 ) in captivity : comparisons with data known from other insectivores ] [ in french ] . 1ère partie ( rapport de stage ; 22 pp . ) et 2ème partie ( meacute ; moire , 23 pp . ) . diplôme d ' etudes approfondies de sciences biologiques appliquées ( option : ecologie animale ) , etablissement d ' enseignement supérieur des sciences antananarivo , université de madagascar , antananarivo . 45 pp . (
stephenson , p . j . ( 2003 ) : lipotyphla ( ex insectivora ) : geogale aurita , large - eared tenrec . in : goodman , s . m . & benstead , j . p . ( eds ) : the natural history of madagascar . university of chicago press , chicago and london . pp . 1265 - 1267 . (
liagkouras , i . , michaloudi , h . , batzios , c . , psaroulis , d . , georgiadis , m . , künzle , h . & papadopoulos , g . c . ( 2008 ) : pyramidal neurons in the septal and temporal ca1 field of the human and hedgehog tenrec hippocampus . brain research 1218 : 35 - 46 . (
endo , h . , yonezawa , t . , rakotondraparany , f . , sasaki , m . & hasegawa , m . ( 2006 ) : the adaptational strategies of the hindlimb muscles in the tenrecidae species including the aquatic web - footed tenrec ( limnogale mergulus ) . annals of anatomy ( anatomischer anzeiger ) 188 ( 4 ) : 383 - 390 . (
hildwein , g . & kayser , c . ( 1970 ) : [ relation between colonic temperature and oxygen consumption of an insectivora , the tenrec , during a nycthemeral period ( numerical value of q10 ) ] . [ article in french ] . comptes rendus des séances de la société de biologie et de ses filiales 164 ( 2 ) : 429 - 432 . (
the mammal was an early tenrec ; the island it had arrived on probably had no other mammals and so this early lineage evolved over generations to adapt its body shape to its environment . as a result of a process called
adaptive radiation
( made famous by darwin ' s finches on galapagos ) new species appeared , each physically suited for its niche , free of competition .
endo , h . , koyabu , d . , kimura , j . , rakotondraparany , f . , matsui , a . , yonezawa , t . , shinohara , a . & hasegawa , m . ( 2010 ) : a quill vibrating mechanism for a sounding apparatus in the streaked tenrec ( hemicentetes semispinosus ) . zoological science 27 ( 5 ) : 427 - 432 . (
ade , m . ( 1996a ) : examination of the digestive tract contents of tenrec ecaudatus schreber , 1777 ( tenrecidae , insectivora ) from western madagascar . in : ganzhorn , j . u . & sorg , j . - p . ( eds . ) : ecology and economy of a tropical dry forest in madagascar . primate report 46 ( 1 ) : 233 - 250 . (
rakotondravelo , m . l . ( 2001 ) : etude d ' impact de l ' application du fipronil 7 , 5 ulv sur le tenrec echinops telfairi ( martin , 1838 ) dans le sud de madagascar . in : zehrer , w . ( ed ) : la lutte antiacridienne à madagascar . tome iii : ecotoxicologie . gtz , antananarivo , madagascar . pp . 243 - 259 .
stumpf , p . , riedelsheimer , b . , künzle , h . & welsch , u . ( 2005 ) : antimicrobial and scent marking functions of the glands of the anogenital region of a primitive mammal : the small madagascan tenrec ( echinops telfairi , insectivora ) . poster 188 , 100th annual meeting of the anatomische gesellschaft , leipzig ( germany ) march 11 - 14 , 2005 .
everson , k . m . , hildebrandt , k . b . p . , goodman , s . m . & olson , l . e . ( 2018 ) : caught in the act : incipient speciation across a latitudinal gradient in a semifossorial mammal from madagascar , the mole tenrec oryzorictes hova ( tenrecidae ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution : in press ( available online 28 february 2018 ) (
zherebtsova , o . v . ( 2003 ) : [ mechanisms of spine mobility in tenrec ecaudatus and hemicentetes semispinosus ( insectivora , tenrecidae ) . ] in : zherebtsova , o . v . & nikulina , a . n . ( ed . ) : [ theriological investigations . no . 2 . ] sankt - peterburg : teriologicheskoe obshchestvo , pp . 139 - 147 . [ in russian with english summary ]
at least some species of tenrecs are social , living in multigenerational family groups with over a dozen individuals . tenrecs have a gestation period of 50 to 64 days , and give birth to a number of relatively undeveloped young . while the otter shrews have just two young per litter , the tailless tenrec can have as many as 32 , and females possess up to 29 teats , more than any other mammal ( martin 1984 ) .
as a rule , tenrecs tend to be small animals . the smallest species are the size of shrews , with a body length of around 4 . 5 cm ( 1 . 8 in ) , and weighing just 5 g ( 0 . 18 oz ) , while the largest , the common or tailless tenrec , is 25 to 39 cm ( 9 . 8 to 15 in ) in length , and can weigh over 1 kilogram ( 2 . 2 lb ) ( martin 1984 ) .
lagadec , e . , gomard , y . , le minter , g . , cordonin , c . , cardinale , e . , ramasindrazana , b . , dietrich , m . , goodman , s . m . , tortosa , p . & dellagi , k . ( 2016 ) : identification of tenrec ecaudatus , a wild mammal introduced to mayotte island , as a reservoir of the newly identified human pathogenic leptospira mayottensis . plos neglected tropical diseases 10 ( 8 ) : e0004933 . (
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the form prolixacaudata may represent a distinct species ( olson et al . 2004 , soarimalala and goodman 2011 ) . note : this is an amended assessment to correct the order of the assessors .
justification : it is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , presence in a number of protected areas , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species is widespread in the eastern humid forests of madagascar , ranging from montagne d ' ambre in the north , south to andohahela . it has an altitudinal range of 530 to 2 , 500 m asl ( goodman et al . 2013 ) . the prolixicaudata form is restricted to the northern humid forests and is known from marojejy and montagne d’ambre national parks , anjanaharibe - sud and manongarivo special reserves and a new reserve being developed ( goodman et al . 2013 , nicoll and ratsifandrihamanana 2014 ) .
it is a relatively common species , especially at higher elevations ( goodman et al . 2013 )
it is a scansorial species that is present in eastern tropical humid forest , from lowlands to high - elevation rainforest . it may be found in slightly degraded forest .
it has been recorded from a number of protected areas including the ambohitantely special reserve ; anjanaharibe - sud special reserve ; manongarivo special reserve ; marojejy national park ; montagne d ' ambre national park ; andringitra national park ; pic d’ivohibe special reserve ; ranomafana national park ; ambatovaky special reserve ; mangerivola special reserve ; mantadia national park and andohahela national park . further studies are needed into the taxonomy , biology and ecology of this species . a further review of known specimens of m . majori , m . longicaudata and m . principula is needed to elucidate the range of these three species .
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following simpson ( 1931 ) , the term
tenrecoid
has also been widely misused as a general name for a vaguely defined grouping of ( extinct and extant ) taxa characterized by zalambdodonty , even though it has become clear that some of these were not technically zalambdodont , and that zalambdodonty may have arisen independently several times ( e . g . broom , 1916 ) . this further militates against its stricter nomenclatorial use , even at taxonomic ranks below order .
the supraordinal affiliation of the afrosoricida remains controversial . molecular data strongly support an affinity within the afrotheria , whereas morphological data suggest a closer relationship to lipotyphlans . lipotyphlan monophyly , however , is only weakly supported by cladistic analyses of morphological data ( asher , 1999 ) and phylogenetic analyses of combined anatomical and molecular data strongly support the inclusion of afrosoricids within afrotheria ( asher et al . , 2003 ) .
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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is endemic to madagascar . this species is specifically located in the northern and eastern parts of the country , ranging from the parc national de la montange d ' ambre at 12 degrees south to the parc national d ' andonhahela at 25 degrees south .
, are terrestrial mammals with a preference for areas of dense vegetation . they can be found in various habitats located across madagascar , including eastern humid forest , central highlands , the mountainous northern highlands , sambirano lowland forest , western deciduous dry forest , and the isolated humid forest of montange d ' ambre . they inhabit elevations of from 440 m above sea level to 1990 m .
is small , weighing only 5 to 12 g , and measuring 75 to 158 mm in total length . like other members of the genus ,
is known to possess coats composed of a soft dark brown to black fur on the back with a gray or lead colored belly .
since the testes , which have a volume of 50 mm ^ 3 , are found in the abdominal area and do not descend into a scrotum , there is very little to rely on for external physical cues to determine sex . males and females are almost indistinguishable from one another .