the pacific sand sole , psettichthys melanostictus , is the only fish in the genus , psettichthys , in the , pleuronectidae , family .

it is a flatfish and inhabits northeastern pacific waters where it lives on sandy bottoms .

pacific sand sole

planktonic sand sole . only 2 . 7 cm . click image to enlarge . photo : hildering
species name : psettichthys melanostictus common name : pacific sand sole accessioned : tbd burke museum catalog number : burke museum of natural history and culture scanned by : matthew a kolmann scanner model : brucker skyscan 1173 voxel size : 50um comments : a sand sole caught by the 2016 biology of fishes course ( fhl 305a ) at friday harbor labs at jackson beach . image :
ow i hope this little planktonic fish will be a . . . sole survivor .
habitat selection of juvenile sole ( solea solea l . ) : consequences for shoreface nourishment
northeastern pacific : bering sea coast of alaska to islas los coronados , northern baja california , mexico .
similar to rock sole , which has higher arch in lateral line and shorter accessory dorsal branch .
habitat selection of juvenile sole ( solea solea l . ) : consequences for shoreface nourishment - sciencedirect
“the single embedded sand flea remained a virgin , ” thielecke wrote . the results of her self - made sand flea experiment were published last month in travel medicine .
thielecke was living in central madagascar , prime sand - flea country , for an eight - month stretch in 2011 . while working with people who were suffering from tungiasis , thielecke herself fell prey to a sand flea that tunneled deep into the sole of her right foot .
sand sole are an excellent sportfish and are good eating . however , many of these sole are mistaken for california halibut and unnecessarily returned to the water because they do not meet the minimum size requirements for halibut . learn to differentiate between the different flatfish species . sandies live to about ten years of age .
aquarium example of a sole burying itself on the bottom - the hogchoker ( trinectes maculatus ) is a small sole found on the gulf coast . unlike the southern and gulf flounders , all species of soles are right - eyed .
sand or mud - sand bottom in 5 to 167 fm . ; most abundant in 20 to 50 fm , rare below 100 fm . common in shallow coastal water from british columbia to california .
fao species identification guide . the marine living resources of the western central pacific . vol 2 : cephalopods , crustaceans , holothurians and sharks
join me in the cold , dark , life - sustaining ne pacific ocean to discover the great beauty , mystery and fragility hidden there .
on mud or sand bottoms from 5 to 750 fm . commercial catches are from 40 to 550 fm .
posted in daily musings . . . and tagged with california piers , capitola wharf , pier fishing in california , pierfishing , pismo beach pier , saltwater fish , saltwater fishing , sand sole , trinidad pier . rss 2 . 0 feed .
the worldfish center , c / o spc - secretariat of the pacific community , b . p . d5 , 98848 noumea cedex , new caledonia
sand sole are in the right - eye flounder family . most easily identified by the fact that the first four to five dorsal rays are long and free ( seemingly disconnected ) . their coloring is generally gray to tan above with light speckling .
on sand bottom from 0 to 300 fm . young are intertidal . commercial quantities caught at 15 to 80 fm .
widely distributed on sand and mud bottoms from 10 to 465 fm . most abundant at about 100 to 250 fm .
marie - josée gagnon of the salmon coast research station quickly steered me in the right direction , believing it was most likely a species of sole .
abundant off b . c . and alaska . good food fish . similar to butter sole , which has a low lateral line arch and longer accessory dorsal branch .
adults are found on sand bottom ( ref . 2850 ) , usually in deep water ( ref . 9988 ) . feed on invertebrates and bottom fishes ( ref . 6885 ) . livers of large individuals are a rich source of vitamin a ( ref . 6885 ) . marketed fresh or as frozen fillets ( ref . 2850 ) . eaten steamed , fried , micro - waved and baked ( ref . 9988 ) . generally regarded as the premium pacific coast sole ( ref . 9988 ) .
eastern and western pacific : the bering sea coast of alaska , near the aleutian islands ( ref . 27436 ) to the west bering sea and to redondo beach , southern california , usa .
in a suitable environment , the eggs develop into larvae , pupae and eventually adult sand fleas . the duration of the off - host phase depends on characteristics of the soil , ambient temperature and unknown factors . adult sand fleas carry wolbachia bacteria forming an endosymbiosis with the parasite ( heukelbach j et al . 2004a ) .
in endemic areas , surgical extraction of burrowed sand fleas is the standard treatment . usually , this is done by the patients themselves or a care - giver .
abundant off alaska . largest most valuable flatfish in the northeast pacific ; important as commercial and sport fish . similar to california halibut , which is often left - eyed , has larger mouth and less indented tail .
on sand and mud bottoms from 10 to 300 fm . most abundant at 30 to 70 fm from april through october and at 150 to 250 fm during winter .
important commercially because of good size and excellent quality . most caught by trawl and marketed as fresh or frozen fillets . similar to flathead sole and bering flounder which have one row of teeth on upper jaw .
it is plankton – the fuel of the food chain – that creates the dark , emerald waters of the northeast pacific . the plant - like plankton , known as “phytoplankton” , need light , oxygen and nutrients to grow .
balboa pier to the southeastern bering sea and aleutian islands from unalaska island to port heiden and gulf of alaska . ( and , i believe , the southern range designation came about due to pfic . on february 3 , 2005 our pfic reporter snookie caught a 15 - inch - long sand sole at the balboa pier , which was followed by a report on the message board that night . )
excellent food fish . regarded as a delicacy in california . sometimes confused with speckled sanddab , which has black speckling on body . positive identification of pacific sanddab , gulf sanddab , speckled sanddab , and longfin sanddab require full gill raker and lateral line scale counts .
the acute and chronic morbidity associated with tungiasis is the result of an inflammatory reaction around embedded female sand fleas , bacterial superinfection and likely also the release of wolbachia antigens after the death of the parasite .
the female sand flea burrows into the skin . the toes , sole , lateral rim of the foot and heel are predilection sites . 99 % of all lesions occur at the feet . itching and local irritation occurs as the female fleas develop fully and increase their body volume by a factor of 2000 within two weeks . due to bacterial superinfection of the lesions , abscesses , suppuration or lymphangitis can develop . multiple lesions and intense local inflammation restrict mobility .
with regard to the ectoparasites on the sand sole larva , marie - josée gagnon and moira galbraith have again been very generous with their knowledge . it is impossible to know the species from my photo but , due to the size , it is likely a recent infection and could be ( 1 ) first stage chalimus ; ( 2 ) lepeophtheirus bifidus – which , unlike most parasites of benthic marine species is host specific – only being found on the rock sole or possibly , ( 3 ) the isopod gnathia . i valued having affirmed too that adults and young live in different environments to eliminate competition for the same resources but also to provide a buffer or separation to prevent transfer of disease or parasites .
but wait , what are those two little zooplankton guys attached to the larval sole ? they are copepods , but what kind of copepod ? what does their presence mean ? are they parasitic ? and there i go down the marine id rabbit hole .
eschmeyer , w . n . , e . s . herald and h . hammann , 1983 . a field guide to pacific coast fishes of north america . boston ( ma , usa ) : houghton mifflin company . xii + 336 p . ( ref . 2850 )
the ultimate pier fishing resource for pacific coast pier anglers with over 350 new photos and illustrations added to this edition , including detailed , species - specific illustrations of fish - cleaning , rigging illustrations , and maps . the history and culture of each pier is thoroughly covered .
on mud , sand , or gravel bottoms from 0 to 205 fm ; most occur above 80 fm . usually found near shore . often enter brackish or fresh water , and young fish are often intertidal .
tungiasis is a cutaneous parasitosis caused by the female sand flea tunga penetrans ( and in some areas also t . trimamillata it is also commonly known as pulga de areia , nigua , pique , bicho do pé , bichodo porco or jatecuba , and in english - speaking countries , as jigger , sand flea or chigoe . tungiasis is a zoonosis and affects humans and animals alike ( heukelbach j et al , 2001 ) .
the waters of the northeast pacific are dark , making it very difficult to see into the depths . this means many people are inclined to believe that more life is found in tropical waters , where you can peer right down to the ocean bottom and see colourful fish swimming about .
this won’t necessarily help prevent sand flea scourges in countries like madagascar , thielecke and her supervisor , hermann feldmeier , told science magazine , but it might help people who are already host to one flea avoid getting more .
a burrowed female sand flea is fertilized by a male only after it has started to feed on blood . the flea’s hindquarters remain in contact with the air , providing an avenue for breathing , defecating and expelling eggs . during a period of 4 - 6 weeks the embedded sand flea undergoes different developmental stages , produces eggs and eventually dies in situ ( eisele m et al . 2003 ) . eggs are expelled and fall onto the ground .
thielecke knew that the sand fleas tend to attract each other , though , so she made sure to wear shoes and socks every day to avoid getting another flea . and she didn’t really mention it to anyone in the village .
adult flounders often feed in shallow water at night . the abandoned depressions where flounder had lain in wait for prey , called
beds
, are often clearly visible hours later , sometimes even on dry sand after tides have falled .
claude massin , sven uthicke , steven w . purcell , frank w . e . rowe , yves samyn ; taxonomy of the heavily exploited indo - pacific sandfish complex ( echinodermata : holothuriidae ) , zoological journal of the linnean society , volume 155 , issue 1 , 1 january 2009 , pages 40–59 , urltoken
she had a tetanus vaccine , so more serious infections weren’t a worry , and she knew she could easily extract it if she needed to . besides , many of the people in her village had hundreds of sand fleas , scarring and sometimes nearly crippling them .
juveniles of less than a year old feed on plankton and larvae of insects , juveniles of more than a year and adults feed on benthic fauna ( ref . 51442 ) . the adults burrow in the sand during daytime and search for food during nighttime ( ref . 173 ) .
the feet - particularly toes , sole , lateral rim , and heel - are predilection sites . ectopic tungiasis , usually seen with extensive infection often follows prolonged exposure in highly contaminated environments . infestation can occur in all parts of the body ( heukelbach et al . 2004c ) . bullous - type lesions have also been reported ( viviana l . et al . 2010 ) .
it is remarkable that the taxonomy of one of the most valuable of tropical commercial species has remained so chaotic , despite recent monographs on the species ( bai , 1980 ; hamel et al . , 2001 ) . the main problem has been the lack of name - bearing types for two of the three indo - pacific sandfish species now recognized , which has led to a lack of understanding of the original concept of those species based on erroneous , subjective identifications from original descriptions .
surgical extraction should only be performed in an appropriately equipped health facility or by an experienced community health worker using sterile instruments . after removal of sand fleas the sore has to be dressed appropriately and the tetanus vaccination status needs to be verified and a booster vaccination given , if indicated . increasing the coverage of tetanus vaccination in tungiasis - endemic areas would provide a long - lasting protective effect .
these web pages present colored pictures ( courtesy of bill barss , odfw ) and a description of each species . fish descriptions include anatomical features which aid in species identification . size , range , habitat , known depths and other common names are also included . much of the text is taken from the alaska sea grant college program marine advisory bulletin no . 47 , guide to northeast pacific flatfishes , by donald e . kramer , william h . barss , b . c . paust and b . e . bracken , 1995 edition .
this fact helped thielecke understand that it hadn’t reproduced—most likely because she kept the flea separated from its male suitors and in a permanent , single - girl - in - the - foot - city “waiting period , ” as she called it . it also taught her something about the sand flea reproductive style : the males find the clusters of females , hidden alluringly just beyond a thin layer of skin , and make their move .
different mammalian species act as reservoirs for human infection . in rural areas these are predominantly pigs and bovines ; in resource - poor urban communities dogs , cats and rats ( heukelbach j . et al . 2004 ; witt l . et al . 2007 ; pilger d . et al . 2008 ) . transmission occurs when skin comes into contact with soil or floor where adult sand fleas have developed . infection may take place inside the house , peridomiciliary or in classrooms without solid floors . .
bacterial superinfection may cause life - threatening complications , such as post - streptococcal glomerulonephritis , tetanus or gangrene ( heukelbach j . et al . 2004 ; feldmeier h . et al . 2002 ) . the traditional treatment , i . e . removal of embedded sand fleas with sharp , non - sterile instruments may lead to transmission of blood - borne pathogens such as hepatitis b and c virus , possibly also hiv ( feldmeier h et al . 2013a ) . these sequels impose additional costs on health - care systems .
their flattened shape allows them to become nearly invisible on the bottom . for further camouflage , flounders flex and flutter their dorsal and anal fins to create a slight depression in the bottom and lift sand , sediment , and bits of shell and debris to cover themselves . often , only the fish ' s eyes protrude above the bottom , moving rapidly as they watch for potential prey . when an unwary fish or shrimp comes within striking distance , the flounder erupts from the bottom and gulps it ' s prey in an instant .
a–d , holothuria ( metriatyla ) lessoni sp . nov . a , holotype ( the covering fine layer of sand was gently brushed away ) ; b , holotype ( top ) and paratype ( bottom ) ; c , black form ( ig 30768 / 5 ) ; d , mottled form ( ig 30768 / 4 ) . e , h . timama lesson , 1830 , original drawing ; f , h . timama lesson , 1830 , remaining fragment of holotype . photographs a & b by c . massin , c & d by s . purcell ; e & f by y . samyn .
in resource - poor urban neighborhoods and in indigenous communities prevalence may be as high as 60 % in the general population and up to 80 % in children ( feldmeier et al . 2012 ) . the attack rate varies from setting to setting and may be as high as six newly penetrating sand fleas per individual per 24 hours during the peak transmission season ( heukelbach j et al . 2004b ) . in endemic communities age - specific prevalence follows a characteristic pattern with a maximum prevalence in children between 5 and 14 years old and elderly people ( heukelbach j et al . 2007 ) . these age groups are also most vulnerable for severe disease ( feldmeier h et al . 2003 ) .
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this page describes the two common flounders on the mississippi coast - the southern flounder and the gulf flounder . the focus in on the more common southern flounder , with information specific to the gulf flounder added where there are substantial differences .
status : least concern ver 3 . 1 on iucn red list population trend : stable
status : least concern ver 3 . 1 on iucn red list population trend : decreasing
only rarely will inshore anglers in mississippi encounter anything but southern or gulf flounders .
the broad flounder , paralichthys squamilentus , is similar but is rarely found in inshore waters . adults prefer depths of 100 - 220 meters . juveniles are found in shallower water , but seldom in estuaries or bays . as the name implies , the broad flounder ' s body is wider , with the body width being half the length or greater .
another 15 species of lefteye flounders are found in the northern gulf of mexico , but they are unlikely to be confused with the southern , gulf , or broad flounder .
the southern flounder and gulf flounder and other flatfish are compressed laterally and spend most of their life lying on the bottom or swimming along the bottom on their side . they have prominent eyes and a large mouth with large , sharp , pointed teeth .
southern flounder and gulf flounder are known as left - eye flounders ; the eyes of the adults are always on the fish ' s left side . the opposite is true for other species of flounders , halibut , and all the species of soles , whose eyes are on the right side .
the left or
up
side of the southern and gulf flounders is light olive brown to dark brown or nearly black , with many blotches and spots of darker and lighter color . the eyeless
down
size side is white or dusky . gulf flounders are distinguished by three large dark eye - like spots , arranged in a triangle with a pair of spots about midway on the length of the fish and a third closer to the tail . southern flounders may also have scattered large spots but they are much more diffuse and gradually disappear as the fish grows older . the scales are small . as described below , flounders can modify their coloration and patterning to match the bottom .
flounder lying in ambush and partially buried on a sandy bottom . click for a larger version .
southern flounders are larger and live longer than gulf flounders . female southern flounders typically grow to about 28
, while typical female gulf flounders reach only about 18
. males of both species are smaller , typically reaching only 10 to 14
in length . after their first year of life , males spend most of their lives offshore , seldom venturing into estuaries and bays . thus , the majority of flounders caught by anglers in inshore waters are females .
flounders have small body cavities and lack a swim bladder , making it easier for them to maintain their position on the bottom .
the range of the southern flounder and the gulf flounder overlap , and both species are common in mississippi . southern flounder occur from north carolina , across the gulf of mexico , and southward into mexico , with the exception of both coasts of southern florida . the gulf flounder is found in a continuous range from north carolina , along both coasts of florida , across the gulf of mexico to texas .
flounders are found in a wide range of salinity and water temperature , from shallow , low - salinity estuaries to nearshore and shallow offshore waters to depths of 200 feet . southern flounders commonly enter fresh water and have been found in rivers 100 miles from the coast . they prefer soft sediment bottoms and are found throughout the estuaries and in the mouths of bays , bayous , and channels , often around rock jetties , piers , and pilings .
female southern flounders remain in brackish waters most of the year , only moving offshore to spawn in fall and winter . most adult males remain offshore year round .
gulf flounders seem to prefer sandy bottoms , and typically stay further offshore as adults .
for flounders on the northern gulf coast , spawning occurs offshore in water depths of 60 to 200 feet between november and january , with a peak in december . females typically spawn every three to seven days over a period of about two months , typically producing 17 , 000 to 100 , 000 eggs in each session . larger females spawn more frequently and have larger clutches of eggs .
the fertilized eggs float to the surface and hatch in about two days , producing a larva about one tenth of an inch long . the translucent larvae drift with the currents and feed on plankton . at this stage they resemble most fish , with one eye on each side of their head . they swim upright with a side - to - side motion of the tail . as the larva mature they are transported by currents and tides into the shallow water of bays and estuaries .
the stages of the southern flounder from early larva through settlement as a juvenile . source : southern regional aquaculture center publication no . 726 , species profile , southern flounder , h . v . daniels . n . c . state university .
near the end of their larval period , 30 to 60 days after hatching and at a length of 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 inch , the larval flounder settle to the bottom and begin a strange and complex metamorphosis . the skeletal system , muscles , and nerves of the head gradually rearrange themselves and the right eye moves to the left side of the head . the body also adapts to allow the fish to lie on the bottom and swim with its left side up using an up - and - down motion . the two sides of the fish change color to suit its bottom dwelling lifestyle , dark on the upper side and white on the lower side . the transition is completed in two to three weeks when the fish is a ¾ inch to one inch juvenile .
in flounders and other flatfish , the sex of the individual fish is not determined until after the metamorphosis is complete .
the young fish enter the bays during late winter and early spring , seeking shallow grassy areas near the gulf passes . as growth continues , they move farther into the bays and estuaries . some even enter coastal rivers .
small southern flounder grow rapidly and may reach 12 inches in length by the end of their first year . females grow as much as three faster than males . female flounders grow rapidly for the first two years ; then their growth slows . approximate average lengths at each age for females are shown in the table . males seldom exceed 16 inches in length .
southern flounders reach maturity at an age of about two years , though the age at maturity is reported to vary with location along the gulf coast . female southern flounders live for about seven years , while almost no males live past three years old . gulf flounders have shorter lifespans , about three years , though some studies suggest longer lives .
during the first year after hatching , both male and female southern flounders remain in shallow , brackish estuaries , and even in fresher water . they gradually move to deeper waters as they age , but remain within inshore estuaries during the first year . in the late fall , they congregate in large numbers in the lower portions of the estuaries near the gulf of mexico . as water temperatures cool , the fish move offshore into the gulf to spawn , often in mass movements triggered by the arrival of a cold front . the return to inshore waters during the later winter and spring is much more gradual .
while flounders tend to remain in a small area while in inshore waters and often return to the same home area , the spawning migrations of individual flounders can cover large distances . in tagging studies on the coast of georgia and the carolinas , tagged southern flounders have been observed to move 300 to 400 miles .
after their first year of life , male southern flounders spend most of their lives offshore , seldom venturing into estuaries and bays . gulf flounders , especially males , seldom venture into inshore waters . thus , the majority of flounders caught by anglers in inshore waters are female southern flounders .
southern flounders and gulf flounders are wonderfully adapted ambush predators that lie in wait on the bottom , hidden by extremely effective camouflage . they are able to change the coloration and patterning of their upper side to match the surrounding bottom . this is done with cells called chromatophores in the skin of their upper sides that are capable of moving a dark brown or black pigment called melanin . it is the same mechanism that allows squid and octopuses to camouflage themselves to match their surroundings .
gulf flounders blending into the bottom near an off - shore reef as well as a southern flounder partially covered with sediment . source south carolina department of natural resources .
soon after hatching , flounder larvae eat mostly plankton . as juveniles , their diet consists mainly of fish spawn , crustaceans , polychaetes , and small fish . at a length of about six inches , they shift to the adult diet of fish and shrimp . adults favor schooling fish such as menhaden , anchovies , pinfish , grunts , pigfish , croakers , and mullet . a research project in mississippi showed that southern flounders’ stomachs most frequently contained fish , with one - third also containing shrimp . it has been observed that as flounders get larger they don’t eat larger fish like most other predatory fish , but simply eat more small fish .
adult flounders consume from four to eight percent of their body weight daily . feeding activity is heaviest at water temperatures of 61 to 77ºf and during the three days following a first quarter moon and the three days before a new moon .
as larvae and juveniles , flounders are preyed upon by a variety of fish . as adults , their camouflage and bottom dwelling lifestyle provide effective protection from most potential predators . dolphins and sharks are known to feed on adult flounders .
flounders are popular sportfish and food fish throughout their range . on the northern gulf coast , flounders are popularly regarded as one of the
big three
of sportfish , along with red drum ( redfish ) and spotted seatrout ( speckled trout ) . large flounders are referred by proud anglers as
doormats .
flounders are caught not only on conventional hook and line tackle and techniques but by gigging . fishers walk or pole a small boat along the shore in very shallow water and shine a bright light onto the bottom to aid in spotting flounders , which are then speared with a gig . successful gigging requires relatively clear water and a calm night with little wind to ruffle the surface . keen eyesight and concentration are needed to discern the faint outline or the eyes of a camouflaged and buried flounder .
most of the commercial catch of flounder occurs as incidental catch in shrimp trawls , though scattered individual commercial fishermen using gigs or rod and reel also fish for the market .
broiled flounder , often stuffed with crabmeat , is one of the classic seafood dishes of the northern gulf coast . flounders are also enjoyed fried , baked , sauteed , and raw as sashimi . flounders have mild flavored white flesh , and may be cooked as whole fish or as filets .
the status of both the southern flounder and the gulf flounder is listed as
least concern
on the iucn red list , though the population status of the gulf flounder is described as decreasing .
flounders offer significant potential for aquaculture , due to their attractiveness as a table fish , their fast growth rate , and their tolerance for wide ranges of water temperature and salinity . research is being conducted with southern flounder in texas and north carolina . an aquaculture program in new hampshire with the similar winter flounder is being pursued for stock enhancement .
the flounder fishery of the gulf of mexico , united states : a regional management plan , gulf states marine fisheries commission , publication no . 83 . includes an detailed and extensive biological description of southern and gulf flounders .
species profile , southern flounder , h . v . daniels , southern regional aquaculture center publication no . 726 , north carolina state university
southern flounder , natural history and fishing techniques in south carolina , dr . charlie wenner and john archambault educational report no . 20 , south carolina department of natural resources
each link opens in a new window . close the new window to return here . some of these videos show flounder species other than the southern flounder or gulf flounder , but do illustrate typical flounder behavior .
southern flounder eating a bull minnow - filmed in an aquarium , featured above . source : low country estuarium
greek , psetta = grouper + greek , ichthys = fish ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; demersal ; depth range 1 - 325 m ( ref . 6793 ) . temperate ; 64°n - 33°n , 179°w - 118°w
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 63 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 2850 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 72 - 88 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 53 - 66 ; vertebrae : 37 - 39 . dorsal origin above point in front of eye . caudal rounded . pectorals small .
inhabits sandy bottoms . feeds on fishes , worms , crustaceans and mollusks ( ref . 6885 ) .
) : 1 . 3 - 8 . 7 , mean 5 . 2 ( based on 314 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00912 ( 0 . 00451 - 0 . 01844 ) , b = 3 . 09 ( 2 . 92 - 3 . 26 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 1 ±0 . 67 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( tm = 2 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate vulnerability ( 37 of 100 ) .
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primarily landed at piers from monterey bay north . best bets : seacliff state beach pier , capitola wharf , santa cruz wharf , pacifica pier , candlestick state park pier , berkeley pier , point pinole pier , fort baker pier , del norte street pier in eureka and the “b” street pier in crescent city .
generally taken on cut bait such as anchovy , sardine or squid . live grass shrimp and pile worms also make good bait . most often landed on high / low leaders fished on the bottom but many are also taken in the bay area by fishermen using the live bait sliding rigging common for flounder . hooks should be size 6 to 4 .
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flatfishes are unique in that the skull is asymmetrical with both eyes on the same side of the head . flatfish begin life like symmetrical fish , with an eye on each side of the head . a few days after hatching , one eye begins to migrate and soon both eyes are close together on one side . flatfish spend the rest of their lives on or near the bottom with the eyed side facing up . the blind side is usually a paler color than the eyed side . if the right eye migrates to the left side , the flatfish is left - eyed ( sinistral ) . if the left eye migrates to the right side , the fish is right - eyed ( dextral ) .
to identify a flatfish , there are several physical characteristics that are often used . among these are the shape of the arch in the lateral line , and the presence or absence of an accessory dorsal branch to the lateral line and anal spine ( see figure below ) . other common characteristics used in flatfish species identification are size of mouth , teeth , body shape and ridge between the eyes .
flatfish are in the order pleuronectiformes . worldwide there are more than 500 species of flatfishes , in 6 or 7 families . flatfishes include flounders , soles , turbots , halibuts , sanddabs , plaices , and tonguefishes . flatfishes found in north american waters are in two broad categories - one includes the families bothidae and pleuronectidae , and the other includes the families cynoglossidae and soleidae .
the colored pictures were taken at sea or on freshly landed fish . special thanks is given to the commercial fishermen and processors for their help in making the fish available for photographing .
right - eyed . eyed side uniform dark grayish brown to olive brown . blind side dirty white to light gray . scales darker at edges . body shape elongate diamond . caudal fin crescent - shaped . lateral line nearly straight with slight curve over pectoral fin ; accessory dorsal branch absent . mouth very large with two rows of large , sharp arrow - shaped teeth . maxillary extends beyond posterior margin of lower eye . no fang - like tooth on vomer ( bone in roof of mouth ) . left eye on dorsal ridge ( visible from blind side ) . 2 gill rakers on the second upper arch . anal spine absent . preopercle c - shaped ( not angular ) . anterior nostril on blind side has small flap . dorsal fin origin at middle of eye .
to 86 cm ( 34 inches ) and up to 17 pounds . often large , and females are bigger than males .
soft bottoms from 10 to 400 fm . most common at 150 to 220 fm .
common in waters of alaska through oregon . taken primarily in trawls . not of high commercial value due to poor flesh quality . used traditionally as animal feed , but human consumption increasing .
picture : bill barss , odfw text : alaska sea grant marine advisory bulletin no . 47
right - eyed . eyed side light to dark brown or grayish brown with yellow or green mottling . blind side white . dorsal and anal fins edged with bright lemon yellow . body shape oval . caudal fin rounded to broad v - shape . lateral line has low arch over pectoral fin ; long accessory dorsal branch extends past gill cover . mouth small . teeth blunt , strongest on blind side . maxillary extends below anterior part of eye . eyes small . space between eyes flat , narrow . anal spine strong . scales on eyed side rough , extend onto fin rays .
picture : bill barss , odfw . text : alaska sea grant marine advisory bulletin no . 47 .
right - eyed . eyed side reddish brown to dark brown or black , usually with brown or grey mottling . fins dark ; dorsal and anal fins broad . blind side white . body deep oval shape . caudal fin rounded . lateral line has slight curve over pectoral fin ; long accessory dorsal branch reaches to midpoint of body . mouth small . maxillary extends to below anterior part of lower eye . eyes large , closely set . high , bony ridge between eyes with tubercle or blunt spine at each end . has 2 or 3 bony tubercles on head behind upper eye . anal spine present . first 9 to 12 dorsal fin rays are on blind side . origin or dorsal fin level with lower corner of mouth .
edibility very good . similar to spotted and hornyhead turbots , which have 4 to 6 dorsal fin rays inserted on blind side .
right - eyed . eyed side brown or grayish brown ; may be mottled with darker spots . fins blackish toward edges . blind side smudgy off - white to dark brownish gray . body elongate with very small scales . caudal fin rounded . lateral line nearly straight ; accessory dorsal branch absent . mouth very small . maxillary extends to below anterior of lower eye . teeth mostly on blind side ; teeth flat and incisor - like . eyes large and bulging , with upper eye posterior to lower eye . space between eyes convex . anal spine absent . soft , flabby body is slippery , because of large amounts of slime .
to 76 cm ( 30 inches ) and up to 10 pounds . average size in trawl catch is about 1 pound .
common and widely distributed . important commercially ; marketed as fillets . good flavor and good keeping qualities . poor flesh quality often found for fish caught below 300 fm .
right - eyed . eyed side usually uniform brown to olive brown but may have white speckles . dorsal and ventral fin edges dark . blind side white to pale yellow tinged with reddish brown . body elongate , diamond shaped . small head is slender and pointed . caudal fin nearly square with slight point at center . lateral line nearly straight with slight curve ; long accessory dorsal branch . mouth small and asymmetric . jaws stronger on blind side . maxillary extends to anterior edge of lower eye . high , narrow ridge between eyes . anal spine strong . scales smooth at anterior part of body and rough at posterior .
to 61 cm ( 24 inches ) . average size in commerical catch ( mostly females ) is about 14 inches and 3 / 4 pound .
important commercial species caught by trawl . good flavor . may have iodine flavor that is acceptable and even desirable in some markets .
right - eyed . eyed side dark olive brown to reddish gray - brown , sometimes with dusky blotches . blind side with white and translucent areas ; dorsal and anal fins have dusky blotches . pores under eye . lateral line with little arch and no dorsal branch . upper jaw is narrow in the middle and has 1 row of teeth .
silty or muddy bottoms from 0 to 575 fm . ( common 55 to 135 fm ) .
almost always right - eyed . eyed side greenish brown to dark brown or black with lighter blotches . blind side white to milky white . body large and stout with elongate diamond shape . caudal fin has crescent shape often indented near edges ( double truncate ) . lateral line has high arch over pectoral fin , accessory dorsal branch absent . mouth large with two rows of teeth on upper jaw and one row on lower jaw . maxillary reaches to below middle of lower eye . area between eyes flat to slightly concave . anal spine present . scales small and smooth on both sides of body .
to 267 cm ( 105 inches ) and 500 pounds . there are unverified reports of fish over 9 feet and 700 pounds . average size in commercial catch is 30 to 40 pounds .
sea of japan and sea of okhotsk north to gulf of anadyr . bering sea south to point camalu , northern baja california .
found from 3 to 600 fm . mostly in 15 to 150 fm in summer , but deeper in winter .
left - eyed . eyed side dull light brown , mottled with brown or black and sometimes yellow or orange . blind side off - white to tan . body oval , with large scales . caudal fin only slightly rounded . lateral line nearly straight ; accessory dorsal branch absent . mouth medium sized with maxillary extending below anterior part of lower eye . eyes large . anals spine absent . gill rakers on lower limb of first arch are 12 to 16 . scale count in lateral line is 61 to 70 .
to 41 cm ( 16 inches ) . to 2 pounds ; most weigh less than 1 / 3 pound .
sea of japan , aleutian islands , bering sea , and south to cape san lucas , baja california .
right - eyed . eyed side uniform light to dark brown . blind side white , sometimes with pink traces . body shape oval to round . caudal fin longest in middle and slightly indented near edges . lateral line with low curve over pectoral fin ; accessory dorsal branch absent . mouth large . maxillary extends to below or slightly beyond middle of lower eye . upper jaw with two rows of small , arrow - shaped teeth ; one row of teeth on lower jaw . posterior edge of lower jaw rounded . eyes medium - sized with broad space between them . anal spine strong .
to 70 cm ( 28 inches ) and 8 pounds . average size in trawl catch is about 1 to 2 pounds .
bering sea and aleutian islands through gulf of alaska to coronado islands , northern baja california .
right - eyed . eyed side uniform light brown to gray . edges of dorsal and ventral fins dark or dusky . pectoral fin on eyed side very long and mostly black . blind side off - white to dusky . body elongate . caudal fin rounded with rays longest in center , forming a broad v . lateral line nearly straight . mouth very small . maxillary extends to below anterior edge of lower eye . snout rounded . eyes large with ridge between them . anal spine strong . scales small .
to 61 cm ( 24 inches ) . average size about 10 inches and 1 / 2 pound .
abundant and excellent food fish . commonly marketed
rexed
which is head off and gutted .
right - eyed . eyed side gray to olive to dark brown or black , mottled with lighter or darker shades , sometimes spotted with yellow or red . dorsal and anal fins have dark blotches or bars ; fins may be yellowish near tail . body thick , oval to round . caudal fin rounded or in shape of a broad v . lateral line has high arch ; accessory dorsal branch short . mouth small with fleshy lips . maxillary extends below anterior edge of eye . teeth more strongly developed on blind side . eyes small . anal spine strong . scales rough , tuberculate on eyed side .
to 61 cm ( 24 inches ) and 6 pounds . weight is usually between 1 and 1 . 5 pounds .
in sea of japan and sea of okhotsk . from bering strait south to tanner bank off southern california .
on rocky , pebbly , or sandy bottoms form 0 to 200 fm . most are caught in 20 to 40 fm .
right - eyed . eyed side light green or gray to brown with fine , dark brown to black speckles . skin on eyed side has the feel of fine sandpaper . dorsal and anal fins often have dull yellow on edges . blind side white . body shape elongate to oval . caudal fin rounded . lateral line has slight curve over pectoral fin ; accessory dorsal branch short to moderate . mouth large with large teeth . maxillary extends below middle of lower eye . eyes small with flat , wide space between them . anal spine strong . first few dorsal fin rays elongate and mostly free of membrane .
from near shore to about 100 fm . a shallow water species usually found shallower than 40 fm . prefers sandy bottom .
fine food fish . common and often caught by sport fishermen from shore . a minor part of the commercial trawl catch .
belongs to the right - eyed family , but can also be left - eyed . eyed side olive to dark brown or almost black . unpaired fins white to yellow to orange with black bars . blind side white to creamy white . body shape oval . caudal fin nearly square or slightly rounded . lateral line with slight curve over pectoral fin ; accessory dorsal branch absent . mouth small . maxillary extends below anterior part of lower eye . eyes small with lower eye anterior to upper eye . space between eyes flat . head slender , pointed . anal spine strong . scattered rough tubercles ( star - like scales ) on eyed side .
to 91 cm ( 36 inches ) and 20 pounds . usual size is 12 to 14 inches .
in sea of japan and sea of okhotsk . from chukchi sea , bering sea , and aleutian islands south to los angeles harbor , california .
common . important sport fish . highly regarded as food fish , but has moderate commercial value . processing difficult due to rough skin , and needs to be deep skinned to remove unappealing , dark fat layer .
4034 fairview industrial drive se : : salem , or 97302 : : main phone ( 503 ) 947 - 6000 or ( 800 ) 720 - odfw [ 6339 ] do you have a question or comment for odfw ? contact odfw ' s public service representative at : odfw . info @ urltoken share your opinion or comments on a fish and wildlife commission issue at
free and easy to use , the open science framework supports the entire research lifecycle : planning , execution , reporting , archiving , and discovery .
fish can be categorized many ways ; for example , mark bittman , author of how to cook everything , divides fish into 11 categories . for simplicity’s sake , we have identified five . generally , you can substitute any fish within one category for another , although you’ll notice differences in taste .
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greek , eos = dawn , aurore + greek , psetta = grouper ( ref . 45335 )
named after david starr jordan , great inciter of ichthyology in the usa ( ref . 6885 )
marine ; demersal ; depth range 0 - 550 m ( ref . 6793 ) . temperate ; 67°n - 31°n , 172°e - 117°w
maturity : l m 44 . 0 , range 40 - 44 cm max length : 53 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 56527 ) ; 70 . 0 cm tl ( female ) ; common length : 42 . 5 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 56527 ) ; max . published weight : 3 . 7 kg ( ref . 56527 ) ; max . reported age : 35 years ( ref . 55701 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 87 - 101 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 67 - 79 ; vertebrae : 41 - 44 . dorsal origin over middle part of eye . caudal longest in middle , ending in a broad ' v ' . pectoral fins large , bluntly pointed .
) : 1 - 8 . 6 , mean 5 ( based on 420 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 7500 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00661 ( 0 . 00411 - 0 . 01061 ) , b = 3 . 10 ( 2 . 97 - 3 . 23 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & ( sub ) family - body ( ref . 93245 ) .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( k = 0 . 16 ; tm = 7 - 8 ; tmax = 35 ; fec = 400 , 000 ) .
prior r = 0 . 35 , 2 sd range = 0 . 21 - 0 . 57 , log ( r ) = - 1 . 05 , sd log ( r ) = 0 . 25 , based on : 1 m , 1 k , 7 tgen , 2 tmax , 2 fec records


top flight ( april 15 , 1929 – 1949 ) was an american u.s. hall of fame thoroughbred racehorse .

she was the leading american filly of her generation at two and three years of age .

top flight

stoke have finished no higher than fourth in their 53 top - flight seasons .
but neither man has a top - flight game during the next round of matches .
there has been interest from top - flight clubs in spain in a loan move .
stoke have won six of their past 82 top - flight games away from home .
in their past four top - flight matches , they have mustered just a single point .
he steered the club to top - flight safety last term after being appointed last january .
once more top - flight football has been cast into the street along with the garbage .
sterling already possesses such awareness just a handful of games into his top - flight career .
historically , no other top - flight team has lost as many games during the month .
and they had won just one of their last four top - flight games against the hammers .
it means 44 per cent of all top - flight matches will be shown live on telly .
top flight basketball co . , ltd . | copyright © since 2010 | all rights reserved .
they now need to prove their top - flight status is no fluke by repeating that fairytale finish .
the newly promoted home side were proving more than a match for the top - flight visiting team .
club chiefs had refused to discuss any new deals until the club secured their top - flight status .
fans of established top - flight clubs will experience something a culture shock when visiting the south coast .
sign up for fall classes by september 30 and get a free top flight gymnastics t - shirt .
mo ' green | isabelle | oasis at midnight | verve ' s tale | irad ortiz , jr . | john c . servis | aqueduct racetrack | top flight invitational handicap | top flight invitational handicap ( 2017 )
goodison park is the first ground to see an own goal by a goalkeeper in successive top - flight matches .
wolves are a point adrift of the play - off places as they attempt to regain top - flight status .
next came the spinaway stakes . top flight was burdened with 127 pounds , but the lightly weighted dinner time , carrying only 111 , couldn ' t get near her . top flight won by five lengths , never fully extended .
next it was west to chicago for the arlington oaks , where top flight scored an easy wire to wire victory .
but they were no match for their top - flight opponents on the football or physical front in an uncomfortable opening .
but that took them up to 33 points and on target to secure their top - flight status for another year .
ninety - four years and top flight continues to be an anchor for chattanooga , tn and the school and office products industry .
the fall brochure and registration materials have been updated for online email registrations . top flight brochure 2018 - 19 with forms click here
despite the losses to the boys , top flight was named 1932 ' s champion three year old filly and was hailed as the best filly since regret , an honor she held until twilight tear came along . top flight joined the illustrious whitney broodmare band , where she produced stakes winner flight command and three stakes producing daughters . when she died in 1949 she was buried at the whitney farm . top flight became a member of the hall of fame in 1966 .
thank you , your registration has been successful . please print a copy of the registration form and bring it to top flight offices .
and he says the trio of top - flight teams are cashing in on future tv money for a quick fix to pay their mounting debts .
4 . top materials for job interviews : in this document , you can ref interview materials for flight attendant such as : flight attendant situational interview , flight attendant behavioral interview , flight attendant interview thank you letter… other useful materials for flight attendant interview : 1 . ebook : job interview questions & answers by bob firestone download link : click here , full ebook review click here 2 . urltoken interview 3 . urltoken interviews . html 4souce : urltoken
leonardo da vinci made the first real studies of flight in the 1480 ' s . he had over 100 drawings that illustrated his theories on flight .
in the coaching club american oaks top flight was almost caught napping by argosie , but she held her lead and won by three quarters of a length .
it is the first time in more than two decades the average cost of going to see a top - flight match costs less than the year before .
top flight technologies is dedicated to application - specific , cost effective commercial solutions of unmanned aircraft vehicles ( uavs ) using the latest advanced technologies driving automation and safety . whether your business solution strategy requires environment or situation assessment , forecasting , security , access , or protection , top flight will help you achieve your objectives .
the last champion bred by harry payne whitney was a brown filly foaled april 15 , 1929 . she was top flight , by dis donc and out of flyatit .
aussie slang : top notch , very good . moslty used to describe ones wife .
back in her own division , top flight won the alabama stakes by four lengths , then failed to give weight to older males and was eased in the delaware handicap .
top flight technologies is a leading provider of hybrid energy power systems that extend flight times and allow heavier payloads for commercial unmanned aerial vehicles ( uavs ) enabling disruptive and new business solutions for customers in aerospace , transportation , agriculture , and many other industries .
orville and wilbur wright were very deliberate in their quest for flight . first , they read about all the early developments of flight . they decided to make
a small contribution
to the study of flight control by twisting their wings in flight . then they began to test their ideas with a kite . they learned about how the wind would help with the flight and how it could affect the surfaces once up in the air .
to measure top colleges’ efforts on economic diversity , the upshot created the college access index .
winx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .
top flight specializes in teaching and promoting the game at the youth and high school levels . the programs include clinics , after school programs , camps and individual or group private training sessions
teen pauline remained perfect on the inner track with another front - running score , this time in the grade 2 , $ 200 , 000 top flight handicap on saturday . . .
casey expressed sympathy for dundalk ' s plight but insisted their case for a place in the top flight
simply wasn ' t good enough to get them over the line
.
the serie a is gradually getting back to where it used to be in terms of stature and naturally this has led to a financial boost for the biggest starts of the italian top flight .
the university of california is struggling with budget woes that have deeply affected campus life . yet the system’s nine colleges still lead the nation in providing top - flight college education to the masses .
top flight angel scored for just the third time in a dozen starts , with the $ 250 , 000 winner ' s share of the purse tripling his career earnings for legendary standardbred farm .
ucd scored 374 in this department thereby ensuring their own top flight survival but two of the country ' s wealthiest clubs - shelbourne and drogheda united , obtained just 278 and 300 points respectively .
guy 1 : let & apos ; s go to the club tonight . guy 2 : i can & apos ; t , i have to go to top flight . guy 1 : bummer .
as a yearling , top flight was evaluated by trainer thomas j . healey , who found her to be temperamental and lacking in promise . she was awkward , and a poor mover at the walk .
berlin ( ap ) — after a decade in germany ' s second division , bibiana steinhaus will make bundesliga history this season by becoming the first woman to referee in the country ' s top flight .
can a plane door be opened mid - flight , why are there no parachutes on board . . . and why must window blinds be up for landing ? your top aircraft safety questions answered by pilots
thankfully , captain thomas explains that it would not be possible to open the door mid - flight .
in the first $ 60 , 200 division , top flight angel ( andy miller ) left the gate , took the lead and called all the shots from there . travelling well in hand and totally unchallenged the entire mile , top flight angel set quarter fractions of : 29 , : 58 . 2 and 1 : 26 . 2 while opening up a five - length advantage in the process . with the fans on hand aware of the track standard , all eyes were simultaneously on the leader and the clock as top flight angel cruised down the lane and won in 1 : 54 . 3 , tying the mark .
top flight angel pulled on even terms with his stablemate devious man ( both trained by julie miller ) , and sears put him in full stride , getting the edge over yes mickey . once the passing lane opened up yes mickey accelerated quickly and closed in gamely , but on the wire he fell a nose short of top flight angel . devious man finished third in the 1 : 56 3 / 5 mile .
two weeks later top flight scored easily in the ladies handicap , but it was to be her final win . she was retired after running fourth behind jockey club gold cup winner dark secret in the potomac handicap .
over 90 years ago , top flight began as a one - machine paper box manufacturing plant , then known as atlas paper box company . founded in 1920 by h . t . robinson , e . w . macmillan , and the brothers e . d . and h . t . bryan , top flight is still owned and operated by the robinson family todayâ€”and is still committed to strong core values and quality paper products .
brian sears had the winning hand on saturday night at yonkers raceway , and he capped an extraordinary night by scoring with top flight angel in the $ 500 , 000 yonkers trot at odds of 7 - 1 .
and according to one flight attendant , certain seasons and types of passengers are reliably more irksome than others .
the highlight of the season came in the futurity stakes at belmont . once again carrying 127 pounds , top flight drew off to win by two and a half lengths over a field that included two future classic winners .
top flight made her first start in stakes company , going to post in aqueduct ' s clover stakes on june 17 , 1931 . despite a muddy track , she went wire to wire and was under restraint at the finish .
when her breeder passed away in 1930 , top flight and her stablemates were left to his son , cornelius vanderbilt whitney . she went into training with healey , and was ridden in all but three of her starts by sonny workman .
top flight tasted defeat for the first time in her sophomore debut . she tired in the wood memorial and finished fourth . plans for the kentucky derby were canceled . e . r . bradley ' s burgoo king took the roses .
hannah received the mcdaniel college presidential scholars full tuition scholarship . it is the highest academic honor given to incoming freshmen and covers all four years of tuition . hannah has been a competitive gymnast at top flight for the past 8 years .
brad is far from the only flight attendant who has spilled the beans on the less glamorous aspects of his job .
' british airways pilots will advise customers if any turbulence is expected during the flight as an additional safety measure . '
pubudu dassanayake , the former nepal coach , believes the side ' s current crop of players led by paras khadka have the ability to be a top - flight associate alongside ireland and afghanistan provided the country ' s administrative issues are resolved .
it was the fourth win of the year for the yonkers trot champion top flight angel ( $ 3 . 80 ) , and it pushed his earnings for 2017 to $ 362 , 016 for owner legendary standardbred farm . julie miller trains the winner .
9 . 5 . why do i need a certificate from the in - flight institute ? the in - flight institute is the only online flight attendant training school in the world that is used by airlines right here in canada and airlines around the world . our member airlines gain a great advantage by selecting pre - qualified candidates from our database . this enhances the quality of their candidates while decreasing their classroom training time . the in - flight institute provides up to 80 % of the required regulatory knowledge that you need to fly ; the airline will provide the rest . if you are serious about becoming a flight attendant you can improve your chances with a certificate from the in - flight institute . if you are interested in working with any of our preferred member airlines then you must have a certificate of completion exclusively from the in - flight institute . 9souce : urltoken
at top flight gymnastics we offer young gymnasts a well - rounded source of physical activity that promotes the increase of strength , flexibility , coordination , confidence and courage . our recreational classes , recreational and competitive teams and special activities stimulate physical development in our students .
urltoken released the figures for the 30 top earners per year in the serie a and without further ado here they are . . .
the first heavier - than - air flight traveled one hundred twenty feet in twelve seconds . the two brothers took turns flying that day with the fourth and last flight covering 850 feet in 59 seconds . but the flyer was unstable and very hard to control .
this variety suggests that economic diversity is within the power of any top university . the question is whether the university’s leaders decide it’s a priority .
top flight returned east for the saratoga meeting , where she was paired with rider sonny workman for the first time . she met the colts in the saratoga special , and had little trouble leaving them in the dust . she beat indian runner by more than a length and with obvious ease .
the $ 121 , 500 new york sire stakes ( nyss ) for three - year - old colt and gelding trotters rolled into batavia downs on wednesday evening ( september 13 ) and the track record for that age , sex , and gait , which is also the all - time track trotting mark of 1 : 54 . 3 set by archangel in 2012 was tied by his son , top flight angel ( archangel - top photo ) .
between traditional and modern : as the airline of switzerland , it is important to us to show our guests the multifaceted variety of switzerland . traditional swiss hospitality is as much a part of this as our collaborations with top chefs , who transform top - quality products from their regions into innovative dishes .
here are 2018 winners of the top employers for canadians over 40 competition . click an employer name to read our editors ' full reasons for selection :
' pilots have two days training and are checked in a simulator every six months . they are also checked during a live flight once a year .
in her last effort as a juvenile , top flight met hopeful stakes winner tick on and future kentucky derby and preakness winner burgoo king in the pimlico futurity . despite suffering from a cough , she took command at the head of the stretch and gamely held off tick on to win by a neck .
top flight realty & property management is committed to ensuring that its website is accessible to people with disabilities . all the pages on our website will meet w3c wai ' s web content accessibility guidelines 2 . 0 , level a conformance . any issues should be reported to info @ urltoken . website accessibility policy
soccer : the return of shamrock rovers and galway united to the top flight of irish football was confirmed yesterday at citywest where the fai delivered the findings of the independent assessment group ( iag ) they established to oversee the reorganisation of the eircom league ' s membership to club representatives from around the country .
mo ' green rallied out of the final turn and overtook verve ' s tale in the stretch to win her first career graded stakes , capturing the 77th running of the grade 3 , $ 200 , 000 top flight invitational for fillies and mares 4 - years - old and up on sunday at aqueduct racetrack .
that contrast is the most striking result of this year’s college access index , a new york times measure of economic diversity at top colleges . six of the top seven spots in this year’s index belong to university of california campuses , with irvine at no . 1 , and the flagship berkeley campus at no . 7 .
top flight ( usa ) blk / br . m , 1929 { 4 - m } dp = 8 - 2 - 0 - 0 - 8 ( 18 ) di = 1 . 25 cd = 0 . 11 - 16 starts , 12 wins , 0 places , 0 shows career earnings : $ 275 , 900
though not entirely surprising , united ' s promotion was the main talking point of the afternoon , not least amongst the representatives of waterford united and dundalk , both of whom were told they had missed out on a place in the top flight of an entity to be known as the
eircom league of ireland
.
since 2001 , the editors of canada ' s top 100 employers have published an annual list of the best workplaces for older canadians . these employers lead the nation in creating special programs and benefits of interest to employees aged 40 years and older . until 2007 , this competition was called the
top ten employers for experienced workers
and published annually as an appendix to the canada ' s top 100 employers paperback . in 2010 , the competition was renamed the top employers for canadians over 40 to reflect the wide range of initiatives and programs considered in selecting the winners . read the press release issued on november 15 , 2017 announcing this year ' s winners .
losing four geared turbofan engines to in - flight failures as a result of a botched durability upgrade was not how pratt & whitney wanted 2018 to begin quite the opposite .
the top flight men’s basketball league was created in 2011 to provide an outlet for the everyday individuals to experience the joys of playing on a team in organized basketball league similar to the nba , and to give companies and organizations an activity their members can participate in that builds team unity , camaraderie , and fosters an atmosphere of cooperation and teamwork .
most low - income students who attend top colleges thrive . merely going to college isn’t enough to change a teenager’s life . the benefits of college – higher income , better health , greater life satisfaction – generally depend on graduating , research shows . which is one reason you sometimes hear worries about whether low - income students can fit in at top colleges .
25 . 19 . what are the education requirements to be a flight attendant ? minimum standards of education are required to be a flight attendant . this will vary between the airlines however us applicants must have a high school degree or government equivalency degree ( g . e . d . ) or ( year 12 in the southern hemisphere ) . 25souce : urltoken
this deeply ingrained profit culture also tends to lock in high achievers . turner notes that six of his country managers began as flight centre travel consultants , and most have been with the group for more than 20 years . when flight centre listed on the australian stock exchange in 1995 , staff bought 25 % of the shares on offer , paying 85 cents ( a 10 cent discount ) .
one of the things that differentiates flight centre is the emotional and physical sense of ownership the staff has for the company ,
says james .
' people often think they can sneak in extra drinks by requesting them from a different flight attendant each time . actually , you ' re just drawing more attention to yourself . '
30 . 23 . there is a dispute between two passengers regarding the seats . how would you handle it ? a flight attendant is a hostess , and the first responsibility of a hostess is to ensure that there are no untoward happenings during the event . disputes are right on top of the list of undesired incidents during a flight . therefore , the first step that a flight attendant must take is to calm down the situation and create a sense of helpfulness of authority . then , upon determining the actual problem , proceed to find out an amicable solution to the matter . if that is not possible , bring the entire situation to the notice of a superior , which would ensure a quick and logical solution to the problem . 30souce : urltoken
congratulations to mia oh and team maryland on a brilliant performance at the national judges inivitational in kentucky , january 9 - 10 , 2016 ! results mia oh ( top flight ) v 9 . 4 ( 4th ) , b 9 . 375 ( 5th ) , bm 9 . 4 ( 8th ) , fl 9 . 225 ( 11th ) , aa 37 . 4 ( 5th )
for the new york times’s schools for tomorrow conference , we talked to students in leda , a program helping low - income students succeed at top colleges . here , sayra alanis relates a pivotal moment .
- for those who want more information about flight safety including practise emergency evacuation technique , learning the correct way to go down the emergency slide , use of emergency exits and the correct brace position . visit
the top of the egg will look dark before the larva is ready to emerge . be sure to have a fresh milkweed leaf in the container for the new larva , if its old leaf is dry .
it is one of the key worries for nervous travellers , that bumpy movement mid - flight and the announcement to fasten seatbelts . but captain thomas reassures passengers that it really isn ' t anything to worry about .
unbeaten in seven starts , all stakes events , top flight was named the champion two year old filly of 1931 . she was also the season ' s leading money earner with $ 219 , 000 , an amount which surpassed domino ' s thirty eight year old record . the sum was not only a new record for a juvenile season , it was also the most money earned by a filly or mare in a single campaign .
a newcomer to the allianz stadium , douglas costa made the switch from bayern munich this summer and was arguably the most high profile arrival for the serie a champions , which probably helped him sneak into the top five .
officials at other top colleges , for their part , often say that they want to enroll more of these talented low - and middle - income students . but only some colleges have followed up these words with actions .
44 . 37 . describe your management style ? try to avoid flight attendantels . some of the more common flight attendantels , like progressive , salesman or consensus , can have several meanings or descriptions depending on which management expert you listen to . the situational style is safe , because it says you will manage according to the situation , instead of one size fits all . useful material : urltoken and - answers - pdf 44souce : urltoken
23 . 17 . is a medical evaluation required to become a flight attendant ? a medical evaluation is required to ascertain a standard of health required to perform the duties of a flight attendant and to be able to cope with the aviation environment . some specifics will be your ability to adjust to the pressure changes that you will experience every day . this includes having healthy and ' normally ' operating eustachian tubes of your inner ear that equalize pressure as you ascend and descend on every flight . most people will have absolutely no problem with the ability to equalize pressure . similarly your sinuses must be able to cope with such pressure changes . 23souce : urltoken
another differentiator is turner ' s
family , village , tribe
management structure , based on anthropological studies of how humans function best in small groups . flight centre ' s workforce is based on teams ( families ) of five or six people , organized into villages of six to eight teams and tribes of around 25 villages . each team has its own profit - and - loss account , and each tribe has its own flag , designed to engender a sense of belonging , even within a large , multinational company .
senior management is trying to say , ' you don ' t work for flight centre , you are flight centre , '
explains james .
of course , as has been covered in news stories following the shooting down of malaysian airlines flight mh17 in july last year , killing 298 people , airlines do fly over conflict zones after taking an assessment of the risks .
to learn more about the competition , we invite you to join us at the top employer summit , our annual editorial conference on the canada ' s top 100 employers project . this event lets you discover the latest best practices from winners , meet competition organizers and editors , and hear inspiring stories from world - class speakers – all presented in a commercial - free format . the conference is canada ' s largest annual event for senior - level hr professionals .
harris nominates the first gulf war , in 1990 , as the company ' s most precarious moment , when travelers seeking flight refunds were akin to a run on the bank . but there have been plenty of other challenges , including 9 / 11 , the 2008 global financial crisis and the internet . as each threat subsided , flight centre often outdid its competitors by retaining staff during the tough times , expanding and sticking to its
lowest - price guarantee
mantra .
so for those who have always wanted to know the whys and wherefores about taking to the skies , mailonline travel put the most common plane safety questions to pilot and british airways ' head of flight and technical training captain dave thomas .
across the road , the headquarters of his global travel company , flight centre travel group , are equally unpretentious . turner is at a stand - up desk and crammed into an office with seven other top executives - - all wearing the uniform .
we ask our staff to wear it , so we should too ,
says one , adding that the uniform no longer has a standard issue short - sleeved shirt - - turner has his specially altered to the more casual style .
following a series of tragic incidents , from the germanwings disaster in march to the loss of malaysian airlines mh370 last year , as well as the shooting down of flight mh17 over ukraine , there is understandably a lot of fear surrounding air travel .
' the masks are really clever , there is a mechanism that detects the need for them by monitoring cabin pressure and automatically deploying them , and there is a button on the flight deck that does the same thing , ' says captain thomas .
he was fascinated by the idea of flight . based on his studies of birds and how they fly , he wrote a book on aerodynamics that was published in 1889 and this text was used by the wright brothers as the basis for their designs .
12 . 7 . you see one of the passengers being deliberately rude to your fellow flight attendant . how would you solve this ? this is one of the most common problems that flight attendants face during their jobs . most often than not , the people who cause such problems are harmless creatures , just somewhat bored . the best way to solve these problems is by dealing with them in a soft , yet strict demeanor , which would make the perpetrator uneasy and repentant , and create a sense of relief amongst the other passengers . 12souce : urltoken
turner ' s vision is to morph flight centre from a middleman broker of discount airfares to a global retailer and wholesaler of travel products . this reduces its dependence on airline commissions , although its sheer size in the australian market still gives it bargaining strength to match internet offers . under this strategy customers will often book simple , low - margin flights on the internet but come to flight centre ' s stores for face - to - face advice on more complex trips requiring multiple flights , hotels , tours , rental cars , insurance and the like .
elia worked in a
community hospital in southern california and did heart surgery , performing over 10 , 000 open - heart surgeries before i retired . i retired because i developed rheumatoid arthritis , and i wasn ' t willing to continue without being able to perform at the top level .
21 . 15 . what are the background check requirements to be a flight attendant ? common to many employers , not just those who recruit flight attendants are criminal history checks . this means that you will have to obtain a police check . sometimes an employer will ask for your state of residence check only but don ' t count on that ever being replicated . the standard is for you to obtain and pay for a police criminal history check for your country of origin . 21souce : urltoken do you love this design ? for more colors , tshirt option , hoodie option , pls click here
dark - eyed juncos are numerous and widespread , though the north american breeding bird survey reports that populations declined by about 1 . 4 % per year between 1966 and 2015 , resulting in a cumulative decline of 50 % . partners in flight estimates a global breeding population of 200 million with 81 % spending some part of the year in the u . s . , 65 % in canada , and 7 % in mexico . the species rates an 8 out of 20 on the continental concern score . dark - eyed junco is not on the 2016 state of north america ' s birds ' watch list . back to top
file - in this aug . 12 , 2017 file photo munich ' s franck ribery and referee bibiana steinhaus walk on the pitch during the german soccer cup first - round soccer match between chemnitzer fc and fc bayern munich in chemnitz , germany . carving her way in a man’s world , bibiana steinhaus is striking a blow for equality as the bundesliga’s first female referee this season . the 38 - year - old police officer , who has been refereeing in the second division since 2007 , is one of four referees promoted by the german football federation ( dfb ) to the top flight . ( hendrik schmidt / dpa via ap , file )
even - money favorite devious man used the pole to his advantage for andy miller , securing the lead from the start and forcing tucks . with last week ' s elimination winner yes mickey gaining the pocket after leavers guardian angel as and di oggi broke in succession on the first turn , top flight angel managed to follow in third from the second tier with sears . devious man cut fractions of 28 / 45 and 58 4 / 5 with miller appearing in full control . sears pulled on the backstretch and got the jump on the pocket - sitter , going on the offensive through a 1 : 27 3 / 5 three - quarters .
hero mounted a sphere on top of a water kettle . a fire below the kettle turned the water into steam , and the gas traveled through pipes to the sphere . two l - shaped tubes on opposite sides of the sphere allowed the gas to escape , which gave a thrust to the sphere that caused it to rotate .
although the company emphasized that the previous standard procedure of using flaps 30 and full reverse thrust should still be used in certain conditions , such as for contaminated runways , it did not define what constitutes a “contaminated” runway or provide flight crews with associated procedures or training to evaluate the effects of runway conditions on aircraft landing performance .
as mccabe indicates , implementing an sms is indeed a top - down process , with strong guidance provided by senior management . the first task is to write the company’s safety policy statement . then , and most important , says rockbrune , senior management must live up to it , ensuring that the safety policy is perceived as relevant throughout the organization .
as for top flight ' s dam , flyatit , she hadn ' t scored a stakes win , at least partially because of the behavior problems that inspired her retirement , but she had won half of her ten starts . her sire was none other than the excellent peter pan , and her female line was one of the best in america . flyatit ' s second dam was the full sister to the great whisk broom ii . their dam , audience , was out of the champion sallie mcclelland . sallie mcclelland ' s second dam was none other than maggie b . b . , dam of three classic winners , including the american bred epsom derby and st . leger winner iroquois .
by the time turner returned to australia in 1983 , his next business was well under way . topdeck had begun selling cheap airfares to australia , based on the london
bucket shops
where airlines offloaded seats that hadn ' t sold through mainstream travel agents . it funded , along with turner ' s friend geoff harris , a handful of discount - flight shops in australia . turner ran the brisbane office , james the sydney one , and harris had seven travel shops in melbourne . by 1986 the founders had sold out of topdeck , and the following year turner , james and harris joined their loosely affiliated travel agencies into one business and flight centre aust pty ltd . was born .
. these holes penetrate all the way through the shell allowing sperm to enter , since eggs form their hard shell prior to fertilization . the raised areas on the egg shell are called ridges , they are also formed before the egg is laid . the dark head of the developing caterpillar can be seen near the top of the egg prior to emergence .
28 . 21 . what are the customer service requirements to be a flight attendant ? you will normally be required to possess some sort of customer service background . in most cases it does not matter where you obtained your experience so long as you can apply your knowledge to the requirements of the airline that you do apply to . 28souce : urltoken
as to the admission of evidence of flight : see generally r v adam ; r v cook [ 2004 ] nswcca 52 ( where the evidence was wrongly admitted ) but compare quinlan v r ( 2006 ) 164 a crim r 106 and steer v r ( 2008 ) 191 a crim r 435 ( where the evidence was correctly admitted ) .
an example ? james says 20 companies offered bus and camping tours of europe when turner and a friend started topdeck in 1973 . turner ' s twist was to buy an old double - decker bus and convert the top level to bunks . no one had to pitch tents , and meals could be prepared in transit , giving him an edge over competitors .
many aviation professionals remember eastern air lines flight 855 , a lockheed l - 1011 that lost all three engines due to the omission of oil seals in the master chip detector assemblies . in today’s era of the safety management system ( sms ) , the may 5 , 1983 , accident still yields important lessons about the key safety role played by senior management .
the discovery of the kite that could fly in the air by the chinese started humans thinking about flying . kites were used by the chinese in religious ceremonies . they built many colorful kites for fun , also . more sophisticated kites were used to test weather conditions . kites have been important to the invention of flight as they were the forerunner to balloons and gliders .
langley received a $ 50 , 000 grant to build a full sized aerodrome . it was too heavy to fly and it crashed . he was very disappointed . he gave up trying to fly . his major contributions to flight involved attempts at adding a power plant to a glider . he was also well known as the director of the smithsonian institute in washington , dc
while not a leading sire or outstanding performer , dis donc was exceptionally well bred . his sire was french derby winner sardanapale , and his dam was lady hamburg ii , who produced the successful performer and top sire chicle . as the name suggests , lady hamburg ii was by hamburg , the champion son of hanover , and out of the st . simon mare lady frivoles .
this stagnation means that many elite colleges remain overwhelmingly well - off . for every student from the entire bottom half of the nation’s income distribution at dartmouth , penn , princeton , yale and more than a few other colleges , there appear to be roughly two students from just the top 5 percent ( which means they come from families making at least $ 200 , 000 ) .
the importance of well - executed risk assessment is illustrated by the sept . 23 , 1999 , overrun at bangkok , thailand , by qantas flight 15 , a boeing 747 - 400 . the runway was wet , but braking action had been reported as good , and the 747 crew elected to use the company’s preferred procedure of landing with flaps 25 and idle reverse thrust .
says harris :
i ' ve never heard him praise anyone ever , but people would run through a brick wall for him . skroo would be in the top 100 business people in the world . this is a very unconventional business model with an unconventional leader , but it ' s produced amazingly consistent results for over 30 years and outcomes are what you judge people on .
“let’s hope there are many more [ this season ] as long as we all stay healthy , ” tabor said , “and hopefully we’ll go to the breeders’ cup [ at del mar ] at the end of the year with a good few more and hopefully win some there . you’ve always got to be trying to get to the top of the mountain , but you never reach it .
appearances can be deceptive , however . the 65 - year - old turner , a keen bike rider and marathon runner known universally as
skroo ,
regularly features on lists of australia ' s most successful chief executives . he built his first travel company , the london - based bus - tour business topdeck , in his 20s , then returned to australia to start flight centre .
turner , after decades weathering the vagaries of the travel industry , seems unconcerned . in an interview two weeks before the profit downgrade , he said :
the share price will go up and down , and you cannot lose sleep over that . if you can deliver on the bottom line and the top line , that ' s great , and the share price will come with it .
the median six - year graduation rate for pell students at the colleges in our index is 84 percent , only slightly lower than the overall rate of 85 percent . college certainly involves challenges for many low - income students , but they largely meet them when they attend a top college . that’s a big reason these colleges matter : they don’t leave many students saddled with the toxic combination of debt and no degree .
when larvae are ready to pupate , they crawl to the top of their cage , attach themselves with silken thread , and form a prepupal
j
before shedding their skin for the last time . this process is fun to watch but it happens quickly . you can tell that they will shed their larval skin soon ( within minutes ) when their tentacles hang very limply and their bodies straighten out a little .
dark - eyed juncos are primarily seed - eaters , with seeds of chickweed , buckwheat , lamb’s quarters , sorrel , and the like making up about 75 % of their year - round diet . at feeders they seem to prefer millet over sunflower seeds . during the breeding season , dark - eyed juncos also eat insects including beetles , moths , butterflies , caterpillars , ants , wasps , and flies . back to top
over 50 years he made improvements to the gliders . he changed the shape of the wings so that the air would flow over the wings correctly . he designed a tail for the gliders to help with the stability . he tried a biplane design to add strength to the glider . he also recognized that there would be a need for power if the flight was to be in the air for a long time .
analysts seem to agree . credit suisse upgraded its rating to outperform from neutral after the downgrade , and analyst grant saligari said flight centre offers value even if the weakness in the domestic - leisure sector continues this year . j . p . morgan maintained its rating at overweight , stating that the company ' s problems were cyclical rather than structural and the 20 % drop in the share price since late november was overdone .
dassanayake coached nepal from 2011 through last december before stepping down from the role . he has been at the forefront of several highs , like helping them climb up the world cricket league ladder from division four in malaysia in 2012 all the way up to the top division in the wcl championship . the biggest highlight of his stint , however , was their maiden world t20 appearance in 2014 , where they beat afghanistan and hong kong .
“you have to be impressed , ” tabor said . “she’s improving all the time , and six furlongs and more will suit her . you’d hope that she’d get to the top , she’s a full sister to churchill and you can’t ask for better than that . she’s a filly to look forward to , simple as that . she won as if she wanted seven furlongs and hopefully she will be a guineas horse next year . ”
adept at soaring and diving but not as maneuverable as other hawks , ospreys keep to open areas , flying with stiff wingbeats in a steady , rowing motion . primarily solitary birds , they usually roost alone or in small winter flocks of six to ten . nesting ospreys defend only the immediate area around their nest rather than a larger territory ; they vigorously chase other ospreys that encroach on their nesting areas . in breeding season , males perform an aerial
sky - dance ,
sometimes called
fish - flight .
with dangling legs , often clasping a fish or nesting material in his talons , the male alternates periods of hovering with slow , shallow swoops as high as 600 feet or more above the nest site . sustaining this display for 10 minutes or more , he utters repeated screaming calls while gradually descending in an undulating fashion to the nest . back to top
the index is based on three factors : the share of students receiving pell grants ( which typically go to families making less than $ 70 , 000 ) ; the graduation rate of those students ; and the net cost , after financial aid , that a college charges low - and middle - income students . the index covers 179 of the nation’s top colleges , defined as having an overall five - year graduation rate of at least 75 percent .
45 . 38 . what have you learned from mistakes on the job ? ? here you have to come up with something or you strain credibility . make it small , well intentioned mistake with a positive lesson learned . an example would be working too far ahead of colleagues on a project and thus throwing coordination off . 45souce : urltoken are you dog lovers ? collection : top 26 dog lover tshirts is for you : urltoken tshirts - for - cat - lovers - 246614355802731 /
demonstrated leadership inevitably leads to the successful attainment of organizational safety goals . “our company safety culture , like our business culture , comprises the same elements of strong leadership , the right structure and action focused clearly on core values and critical operating tasks , ” said william o . mccabe , former director of dupont aviation . “when all members of the work force follow such leadership and truly feel this accountability from top to bottom , they integrate their efforts to achieve the safety goals . ”
turner has always been happy to break away from the herd . bill james , who cofounded flight centre with turner , puts it this way :
one of skroo ' s philosophies is that if something ' s been done in a traditional way , look at what they ' re doing , and by definition it ' s probably wrong and there ' s probably a better way .
( the nickname comes from the turner screwdriver brand popular when he was young . )
dark - eyed juncos breed in forests across much of north america and at elevations ranging from sea level to more than 11 , 000 feet . they are often found in coniferous forests incuding pine , douglas - fir , spruce , and fir , but also in deciduous forests such as aspen , cottonwood , oak , maple , and hickory . during winter and on migration they use a wider variety of habitats including open woodlands , fields , roadsides , parks , and gardens . back to top
perhaps the biggest question mark for flight centre is its dependence on graham turner . when he stepped aside as ceo in july 2005 to become executive chairman , its upward trajectory faltered and a series of profit downgrades earned it the label
flightless centre .
he returned eight months later . ten years on he says he expects to be there for another 20 years , and there ' s no doubt his vision and ability to engender loyalty are vital to the company ' s success .
14 . 9 . you are a flight attendant , and the plane has fewer entertainment possibilities than previously planned , what would you do ? depends on when this situation is discovered . if this is noticed prior to takeoff and there is enough time to obtain more material , i would inform my superiors immediately so that the relevant resources can be put in . if this situation is discovered after takeoff , i would encourage passengers to share and minimize their time with the limited resources . 14souce : urltoken
19 . 14 . what is your greatest accomplishment ? this is somewhat similar to the “what is your greatest strength ? ” question and can be handled along the same lines . you want to pick an accomplishment that shows you have the qualities that the company puts value in and that are desirable for the position you’re interviewing for . the fact is you may have several accomplishments you could pick from . pick one that will have the most impact . 19 urltoken useful material : top 12 skills for career success souce : urltoken
as with topdeck , turner had a fresh take on how things should be done . unlike many retailers , flight centre has not funded growth through franchising - - all stores are company - owned apart from 14 escape travel outlets . but store managers can buy into a percentage of their store ' s profits ( up to 20 % ) , and head - office costs are shared by each store , making each one a small business .
if they want fancy marketing , they have to pay for it ,
explains harris .