fulvia is a genus of cockles , marine bivalve molluscs in the family cardiidae .

most species are found in the indo-pacific and in australian waters .

fulvia ( genus )

fulvia ( fulvia ) j . e . gray , 1853 represented as fulvia j . e . gray , 1853
subgenus fulvia ( fulvia ) j . e . gray , 1853 represented as fulvia j . e . gray , 1853
fulvia ( fulvia ) j . e . gray , 1853 · accepted , alternate representation
subgenus fulvia ( laevifulvia ) vidal , 1994 accepted as fulvia j . e . gray , 1853
fulvia ( fulvia ) australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) · accepted , alternate representation
» species fulvia ( fulvia ) australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) represented as fulvia australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 )
species fulvia pulchra ( reeve , 1845 ) accepted as fulvia australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 )
worms - world register of marine species - fulvia ( fulvia ) australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 )
notes : the phylogenetic position of the type species of this genus and its relation to the mycosphaerellaceae as well as to the genus pseudocercospora are still unknown and unproven . therefore , semipseudocercospora is only tentatively maintained as separate cercosporoid genus .
cercospora platycerii chupp , a monograph of the fungus genus cercospora : 456 ( 1954 ) .
» species fulvia ( laevifulvia ) prashadi vidal , 1994 accepted as fulvia ( laevifulvia ) hungerfordi ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1901 ) accepted as fulvia hungerfordi ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1901 ) ( synonym )
cultures of the type species of this genus and results of molecular sequence analyses are necessary to resolve its phylogenetic position and clarify its relation to pseudocercospora . it is still unclear and unproven if this genus belongs in the mycosphaerellaceae . therefore , denticularia is tentatively retained as genus on its own .
worms - world register of marine species - fulvia j . e . gray , 1853
basionym : cercospora lonchitidis chupp , a monograph of the fungus genus cercospora : 455 ( 1954 ) .
» species fulvia ( laevifulvia ) hungerfordi ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1901 ) accepted as fulvia hungerfordi ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1901 ) ( synonym )
vidal , j . ( 1994 ) . a review of the genus fulvia gray , 1853 . ( mollusca , cardiidae ) . apex . 9 ( 4 ) : 93 - 118 . [ details ]
( of fulvia ( laevifulvia ) vidal , 1994 ) poorten , j . j . ter & hylleberg j . ( 2017 ) . fulvia kaarei spec . nov . , a new fulvia from vietnam ( bivalvia , cardiidae ) . basteria . 81 ( 4 - 6 ) : 111 - 118 . [ details ]
worms - world register of marine species - fulvia australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 )
notes : the phylogenetic position of this genus is unknown . it is quite unclear if it is part of the capnodiales and mycosphaerellaceae at all .
addition and re - examination of japanese species belonging to the genus cercospora and allied genera . ix . newly recorded species from japan ( 4 )
delivering alien invasive species inventories for europe ( daisie ) ( from synonym fulvia ( fulvia ) australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 13 publications ) ( from synonym cardium pulchrum reeve , 1845 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 2 publications ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 3 publications ) ( from synonym papyridea australe ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 5 publications ) ( from synonym laevicardium australe ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) ) to biological information system for marine life ( bismal ) to biological information system for marine life ( bismal ) ( from synonym fulvia ( fulvia ) australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) ) to clemam ( from synonym cardium australe g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) to clemam ( from synonym cardium striatum spengler , 1799 ) to clemam ( from synonym fulvia ( fulvia ) australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) ) to encyclopedia of life ( from synonym fulvia ( fulvia ) australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) ) to encyclopedia of life to genbank ( 4 nucleotides ; 0 proteins ) to pesi to pesi ( from synonym fulvia ( fulvia ) australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) ) to pesi ( from synonym cardium striatum spengler , 1799 ) to pesi ( from synonym cardium australe g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection ( from synonym fulvia ( fulvia ) australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) )
( of fulvia ( fulvia ) boholensis vidal , 1994 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
» species fulvia ( laevifulvia ) ballieni vidal , 1994 accepted as laevicardium elatum ( g . b . sowerby i , 1833 ) ( synonym )
( of fulvia ( fulvia ) tenuicostata ( lamarck , 1819 ) ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fulvia ( fulvia ) j . e . gray , 1853 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fulvia ( fulvia ) australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fulvia ( fulvia ) australis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
@ article { bhlpart149775 , title = { a review of the genus fulvia gray , 1853 ( mollusca , cardiidae ) } , journal = { apex / } , volume = { 9 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . } , url = urltoken publisher = { bruxelles : la société , 1986 - } , author = { } , year = { 1994 } , pages = { 93 - - 118 } , }
fulvia cif . , atti ist . bot . univ . lab . critt . pavia , ser . 5 , 10 : 246 ( 1954 ) [ type species : f . fulva ( cooke ) cif . 1954 ] .
description : dematiaceous hyphomycete genus resembling zasmidium ( in vivo with superficial mycelium , hyphae , conidiophores and solitary conidia pigmented , distinctly verruculose to verrucose ) , but the conidiogenous cells are terminal and intercalary , denticulate , with lateral short peg - like protuberances , conidiogenous loci inconspicuous , neither thickened nor darkened .
notes : morphologically close to asperisporium , but the conidiogenous loci and hila at the base of conidia are unthickened and not darkened . species of pseudoaspersporium are distinguished from superficially similar fusicladium species ( venturiaceae ) by having coarsely verruculose conidia . the phylogenetic affinity of this genus is , however , unclear and unproven .
notes : the type species , originally described as species of cercospora , was later reallocated to pseudocercospora ( braun 1993 ) . however , based on molecular sequence analyses , recently carried out by crous et al . ( 2013 ) , it was demonstrated that it represents an undescribed genus belonging to the pleosporales .
( of fulvia ( laevifulvia ) vidal , 1994 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fulvia fagea voskuil & onverwagt , 1993 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fulvia papyracea ( bruguière , 1789 ) ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
notes : based on the phylogenetic position of its type species , crous et al . ( 2006 ) reduced stigmina to synonymy with pseudocercospora . therefore , the generic position of stigmina thujina has to be reassessed . due to its sporodochial conidiomata with frequently percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells and relatively thin - walled conidia , this species is rather cercostigmina - like ( braun 1993 ) , but the latter genus was reduced to synonymy with pseudocercospora . the type species of cercostigmina and additional species assigned to this genus cluster within the big pseudocercospora clade ( crous et al . 2001 , 2013 ; taylor et al . 2003 ) . furthermore , the conidiogenous cells of s . thujina are percurrent as well as sometimes sympodial . therefore , this species is better reallocated to pseudocercospora .
( of fulvia pulchra ( reeve , 1845 ) ) hylleberg , j . 2009 . cardiidae ( mollusca : bivalvia ) in the collection of statens naturhistoriske museum , previously the zoological museum , university of copenhagen ( zmuc ) . annotated and revised . part 2 ( of 2 ) . steenstrupia 31 : 103–324 . [ details ]
( of fulvia radiata ( reeve , 1845 ) ) hylleberg , j . 2009 . cardiidae ( mollusca : bivalvia ) in the collection of statens naturhistoriske museum , previously the zoological museum , university of copenhagen ( zmuc ) . annotated and revised . part 2 ( of 2 ) . steenstrupia 31 : 103–324 . [ details ]
description : dematiaceous hyphomycete genus morphologically barely distinguishable from pseudocercospora , but phylogenetically distinct ; mycosphaerellaceae . mycelium in vivo internal . conidiophores macronematous , fasciculate , pigmented ; conidiogenous cells integrated , terminal or conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells , conidiogenous loci subconspicous by being circular with very slightly thickened and darkened - refractive rim . conidia solitary , scolecosporous , subhyaline to very pale olivaceous , hila very slightly thickened and darkened - refractive along the rim .
( of cardium pulchrum reeve , 1845 ) reeve l . a . ( 1844 - 1845 ) . monograph of the genus cardium . in : conchologia iconica , vol . 2 , pl . 1 - 22 and unpaginated text . l . reeve & co . , london . [ stated dates : pl . 1 - 4 [ 3 undated ] , october 1844 , pl . 5 - 8 , november 1844 ; pl . 9 - 12 , december 1844 ; pl . 13 - 16 , january , 1845 ; pl . 17 - 22 , march 1845 ] . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium pallidum reeve , 1845 ) reeve l . a . ( 1844 - 1845 ) . monograph of the genus cardium . in : conchologia iconica , vol . 2 , pl . 1 - 22 and unpaginated text . l . reeve & co . , london . [ stated dates : pl . 1 - 4 [ 3 undated ] , october 1844 , pl . 5 - 8 , november 1844 ; pl . 9 - 12 , december 1844 ; pl . 13 - 16 , january , 1845 ; pl . 17 - 22 , march 1845 ] . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium radiatum reeve , 1845 ) reeve l . a . ( 1844 - 1845 ) . monograph of the genus cardium . in : conchologia iconica , vol . 2 , pl . 1 - 22 and unpaginated text . l . reeve & co . , london . [ stated dates : pl . 1 - 4 [ 3 undated ] , october 1844 , pl . 5 - 8 , november 1844 ; pl . 9 - 12 , december 1844 ; pl . 13 - 16 , january , 1845 ; pl . 17 - 22 , march 1845 ] . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fulvia papyracea ( bruguière , 1789 ) ) bruguière j . g . ( 1789 - 1792 ) . encyclopdie méthodique ou par ordre de matières . histoire naturelle des vers , volume 1 . pancoucke , paris . pp . 1 - 344 [ june 1789 ] ; 345 - 758 [ 13 feb . 1792 ; dates after evenhuis , 2003 , zootaxa , 166 : 37 ; zootaxa , 207 ] ; atlas pl . 1 - 189 [ 1791 ] ; pl . 190 - 286 [ 1797 ] pl . 287 - 390 [ 1798 ] pl . 391 - 488 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 231 [ details ]
gray , j . e . ( 1853 ) . a revision of the genera of some of the families of conchifera or bivalve shells . annals and magazine of natural history . ser . 2 , 11 : 33 - 44 , 398 - 402 . page ( s ) : 40 [ details ]
poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
type locality ‘ad australiam , et ad mare sinense’ ( australia and china sea ) . coll . cuming [ details ]
( of cardium australe g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) sowerby i , g . b . & sowerby ii , g . b . ( 1832 - 1841 ) . the conchological illustrations or , coloured figures of all the hitherto unfigured recent shells . london , privately published . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 48th part , fig . 12 , 12a ; catalogue p . 1 [ probably issued 1841 ] [ details ]
( of cardium varium g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) sowerby i , g . b . & sowerby ii , g . b . ( 1832 - 1841 ) . the conchological illustrations or , coloured figures of all the hitherto unfigured recent shells . london , privately published . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium striatum spengler , 1799 ) spengler , l . ( 1799 ) . over det toskallede slægt , hiertemuslingen , cardium linnéi . skrivter af naturhistorie - selskabet , kiøbenhavn . 5 ( 1 ) : 1 - 60 , pl . 1 . , available online at urltoken ; = dmdlog _ 0004 page ( s ) : 45 [ details ]
zenetos , a . , m . e . çinar , m . a . pancucci - papadopoulou , j . g . harmelin , g . furnari , f . andaloro , n . bellou , n . streftaris & h . zibrowius . ( 2005 ) . annotated list of marine alien species in the mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species . mediterranean marine science 6 ( 2 ) : 63 - 118 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
poorten , j . j . ter , 2009 . the cardiidae of the panglao marine biodiversity project 2004 and the panglao 2005 deep - sea cruise with descriptions of four new species ( bivalvia ) . vita malacologica 8 : 9 - 96 [ 21 november 2009 ] . available online at urltoken available online at urltoken [ details ]
zenetos , a . ; gofas , s . ; verlaque , m . ; cinar , m . ; garcia raso , j . ; bianchi , c . ; morri , c . ; azzurro , e . ; bilecenoglu , m . ; froglia , c . ; siokou , i . ; violanti , d . ; sfriso , a . ; san martin , g . ; giangrande , a . ; katagan , t . ; ballesteros , e . ; ramos - espla , a . ; mastrototaro , f . ; ocana , o . ; zingone , a . ; gambi , m . ; streftaris , n . ( 2010 ) . alien species in the mediterranean sea by 2010 . a contribution to the application of european union’s marine strategy framework directive ( msfd ) . part i . spatial distribution . mediterranean marine science . 11 ( 2 ) : 381 - 493 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
galil , b . ( 2007 ) . seeing red : alien species along the mediterranean coast of israel . aquatic invasions . 2 ( 4 ) : 281 - 312 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of laevicardium australe ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) ) taylor j . d . , kennedy w . j . & hall a . ( 1973 ) . the shell structure and mineralogy of the bivalvia . ii . lucinacea - clavagellacea . conclusions . bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) , zoology , london 22 ( 9 ) : 253 - 294 , pl . 15 , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium varium g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium varium g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) petit , r . e . ( 2009 ) . george brettingham sowerby , i , ii & iii : their conchological publications and molluscan taxa . zootaxa . 2189 : 1–218 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of cardium pulchrum reeve , 1845 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium pulchrum reeve , 1845 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2009 . the cardiidae of the panglao marine biodiversity project 2004 and the panglao 2005 deep - sea cruise with descriptions of four new species ( bivalvia ) . vita malacologica 8 : 9 - 96 [ 21 november 2009 ] . available online at urltoken available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium australe g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) petit , r . e . ( 2009 ) . george brettingham sowerby , i , ii & iii : their conchological publications and molluscan taxa . zootaxa . 2189 : 1–218 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of papyridea australe ) vine , p . ( 1986 ) . red sea invertebrates . immel publishing , london . 224 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of cardium australe g . b . sowerby ii , 1834 ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1929 ) . contribution à l ' étude de la faune de madagascar : mollusca marina testacea . faune des colonies françaises , iii ( fasc . 4 ) . société d ' editions géographiques , maritimes et coloniales : paris . 321 - 636 , plates iv - vii pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of cardium striatum spengler , 1799 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
katsanevakis , s . ; bogucarskis , k . ; gatto , f . ; vandekerkhove , j . ; deriu , i . ; cardoso a . s . ( 2012 ) . building the european alien species information network ( easin ) : a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data . bioinvasions records . 1 : 235 - 245 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
city university of hong kong . ( 2013 ) . provision of services for species identification and data analysis ofepibenthic organisms from hong kong water . final report . environmental protection department . department of biology and chemistry , city university [ details ]
( of cardium japonicum dunker , 1860 ) dunker , w . ( 1860 ) . neue japanische mollusken . malakozoologische blätter . 6 : 221 - 240 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium annae pilsbry , 1904 ) pilsbry , h . a . 1904b . new japanese marine mollusca : pelecypoda . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 56 : 550 - 561 , pls . 39 - 41 . [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of cardium japonicum dunker , 1860 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium annae pilsbry , 1904 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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type locality philippines , bohol , panglao isl . , ‘said to have been recovered at 80 fathoms’ ( 146 m ) [ details ]
( of cardium papyraceum bruguière , 1879 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium pallidum reeve , 1845 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of laevicardium laevigatum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) turgeon , d . d . , w . g . lyons , p . mikkelsen , g . rosenberg , and f . moretzsohn . 2009 . bivalvia ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 711–744 in felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , colleg [ details ]
( of cardium papyraceum schröter , 1788 ) schröter , j . s . in martini , f . h . w . ( 1788 ) vollstandiges alphabetisches namen - register über alle zehn bande des von dem feel . herrn d . martini in berlin angefangenen , und vom herrn pastor chemnitz in kopenhagen fortgesetzten und vollenbeten systematisches conchylien - cabinets . nürnberg , in der rasplichen buchhandlung , 1788 , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium tenuicostatum lamarck , 1819 ) lamarck [ j . - b . m . ] de . ( 1819 ) . histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres . tome sixième , 1re partie . paris : published by the author , vi + 343 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium racketti donovan , 1825 ) poorten , j . j . ter , 2005 . outline of a systematic index - recent cardiidae ( lamarck , 1809 ) . visaya net . ( updated 2009 for worms ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cardium tenuicostatum lamarck , 1819 ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1929 ) . contribution à l ' étude de la faune de madagascar : mollusca marina testacea . faune des colonies françaises , iii ( fasc . 4 ) . société d ' editions géographiques , maritimes et coloniales : paris . 321 - 636 , plates iv - vii pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
cercosporoid fungi ( mycosphaerellaceae ) 1 . species on other fungi , pteridophyta and gymnospermae
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
cercosporoid fungi ( mycosphaerellaceae ) 1 . species on other fungi , pteridophyta and gymnospermae *
corresponding author e - mail : ed . ellah - inu . kinatob @ nuarb . ewu
* in memoriam charles d . chupp ( 1886–1967 ) , the author of the first monograph of cercospora .
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ascomycota , cercospora s . lat . , conifers , ferns , fungicolous , hyphomycetes
the history and the evolution of concepts of cercosporoid genera was comprehensively discussed in deighton ( 1976 ) , braun ( 1995a ) and crous & braun ( 2003 ) as well as recently in crous et al . ( 2013 ) and groenewald et al . ( 2013 ) with special emphasis on pseudocercospora and cercospora , respectively . these treatments may be consulted for further details .
attempts to separate cercospora into several subgeneric units have been made by penzes ( 1927 ) ( three sections : brachycercosporae , macrocercosporae and mediocercosporae ) and solheim ( 1930 ) ( 21 sections based on mycelium internal / external , conidiophores simple / branched , stroma and conidium shape ) , which are , however , barely practicable and not useful since these classifications were derived from a wide range of species of cercospora s . lat . that now belong to different genera . therefore , it is not surprising that these subgeneric concepts have never been applied by other authors .
cercospora fresen . , in fuckel , hedwigia 2 : 133 ( 1863 ) [ and in fuckel , fungi rhen . exs . , fasc . ii , no . 117 , 1863 ] .
type species : cercospora penicillata ( ces . ) fresen . 1863 ( c . depazeoides ( desm . ) sacc . 1876 ) .
synonyms : virgasporium cooke , grevillea 3 : 182 ( 1875 ) [ type species : v . maculatum cooke 1875 ] .
cercosporina speg . , anales mus . nac . buenos aires 20 : 424 ( 1910 ) [ type species : c . asparagicola speg . 1910 ] .
literature : chupp ( 1954 ) , vasudeva ( 1963 ) , katsuki ( 1965 ) , ellis ( 1976 : 244 ) , yen & lim ( 1980 : 152–166 ) , hsieh & goh ( 1990 ) , braun ( 1995a : 40 ) , shin & kim ( 2001 : 20 ) , guo et al . ( 2005 ) , kamal ( 2010 : 11 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 128–130 ) .
distocercospora pons & b . sutton , mycol . pap . 160 : 60 ( 1988 ) .
type species : distocercospora pachyderma ( syd . & p . syd . ) pons & b . sutton 1988 .
literature : braun ( 1995a : 40 ) , braun & mel’nik ( 1997 : 15 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 26 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 187 ) .
type species : passalora bacilligera ( mont . & fr . ) mont . & fr . 1849 .
synonyms : cercosporidium e . earle , muhlenbergia 1 : 16 ( 1901 ) [ type species : c . helleri e . earle 1901 ] .
vellosiella rangel , bol . agric . ( são paulo ) , ser . 16 a , 2 : 151 ( 1915 ) , nom . illeg . ( art . 53 . 1 ) .
mycovellosiella rangel , arch . jard . bot . rio de janeiro 2 : 71 ( 1917 ) [ type species : m . cajani ( henn . ) rangel ex trotter 1931 ] .
passalora sect . mycovellosiella ( rangel ) a . hern . - gut . & dianese , mycotaxon 108 : 3 ( 2009 ) .
ormathodium syd . , ann . mycol . 26 : 138 ( 1928 ) [ type species : o . styracis syd . 1928 ] , fide muntañola ( 1960 ) .
ragnhildiana solheim , mycologia 23 : 365 ( 1931 ) [ type species : r . agerati ( f . stevens ) f . stevens & solheim 1931 ] .
cercodeuterospora curzi , boll . staz . patol . veg . roma , ser . 2 , 12 : 149 ( 1932 ) [ type species : c . trichophila curzi 1932 ] .
berteromyces cif . , sydowia 8 : 267 ( 1954 ) [ type species : b . aeneus cif . 1954 ] .
oreophyllum cif . , sydowia 8 : 253 ( 1954 ) [ type species : o . angelaemariae cif . 1954 ] .
phaeoramularia munt . - cvetk . , lilloa 30 : 182 ( 1960 ) [ type species : p . gomphrenicola ( speg . ) munt . - cvetk . 1960 ] .
tandonella s . s . prasad & r . a . b . verma , indian phytopathol . 23 : 111 ( 1970 ) [ type species : t . ziziphi s . s . prasad & r . a . b . verma 1970 ] .
walkeromyces thaung , trans . brit . mycol . soc . 66 : 213 ( 1976 ) [ type species : w . grewiae thaung 1976 ] .
passalora sect . pseudophaeoisariopsis u . braun , dianese & a . hern . - gut . , mycotaxon 108 : 3 ( 2009 ) .
literature : deighton ( 1967 ) , ellis ( 1971 , 1976 , as cercosporidium ) , hsieh & goh ( 1990 ) , braun ( 1995a : 41 ) , braun & mel’nik ( 1997 : 16–17 ) , shin & kim ( 2001 : 135 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 21 ) , guo et al . ( 2003 : 65 ) , kamal ( 2010 : 101 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 331–332 ) .
pseudocercospora cratevicola ( s , f42112 ) . a . conidiophore fascicles . b . conidiophores . c . conidia . bar = 10 μm .
basionym : napicladium cratevae syd . & p . syd . ( “ crataevae ” ) , ann . mycol . 11 : 329 ( 1913 ) , non pseudocercospora cratevae phengsintham et al . ( 2013 ) .
synonyms : macraea cratevae ( syd . & p . syd . ) subram . ( “ crataevae ” ) , proc . indian acad . sci , b , biol . sci . , 36 ( 4 ) : 164 “1952” ( 1953 ) .
prathigada cratevae ( syd . & p . syd . ) subram . ( “ crataevae ” ) , in subramanian & ramakrishnan , j . madras univ . , b , 26 : 367 ( 1956 ) .
material examined : india : madras : coimbatore , government farm , on crateva religiosa ( capparaceae ) , 5 feb . 1912 , w . mcrae , no . 9 ( s , f42112 , holotype ) . – japan : shizuoka , ito , on crateva formosensis , 29 sep . 1999 , t . kobayashi & c . nakashima ( cns 797 and hal 2597 f ) .
basionym : macraea punjabensis subram . , proc . indian acad . sci . , b , biol . sci . , 36 : 166 “1952” ( 1953 ) , non pseudocercospora punjabensis ( syd . ) u . braun & bagyan . , 1999 .
synonym : prathigada punjabensis ( subram . ) subram . , in subramanian & ramakrishnan , j . madras univ . , b , 26 : 367 ( 1956 ) .
passalora austroplenckiae ( a . hernández - gutierrez & dianese ) u . braun , comb . nov .
basionym : prathigada austroplenckiae a . hernández - gutierrez & dianese , mycotaxon 106 : 57 ( 2009 ) .
passalora backmanii ( furlan . & dianese ) u . braun , comb . nov .
basionym : prathigada backmanii furlan . & dianese , mycol . res . 103 : 1203 ( 1999 ) .
passalora condensata ( ellis & kellerm . ) u . braun , comb . nov .
basionym : cercospora condensata ellis & kellerm . , j . mycol . 1 ( 1 ) : 2 ( 1885 ) .
synonym : prathigada condensata ( ellis & kellerm . ) u . braun , cryptog . mycol . 20 : 166 ( 1999 ) .
passalora gymnocladi ( ellis & kellerm . ) u . braun , comb . nov .
basionym : cercospora gymnocladi ellis & kellerm . , bull . torrey bot . club 11 : 121 ( 1884 ) .
synonym : prathigada gymnocladi ( ellis & kellerm . ) u . braun , sydowia 48 : 209 ( 1996 ) .
basionym : cercospora thalictri thüm . , contr . fl . mycol . lusat . 2 : 5 ( 1879 ) .
synonym : cercospora thalictri var . thalictri - flavi thüm . , mycoth . univ . : 1470 ( 1886 ) .
prathigada thalictri ( thüm . ) u . braun , in braun & mel’nik , trudy bot . inst . im . v . l . komarova 20 : 97 ( 1997 ) .
pseudocercospora speg . , anales mus . nac . buenos aires 20 : 438 , 1910 ( nom . cons . ) .
synonyms : stigmina sacc . , michelia 2 : 22 ( 1880 ) , nom . rej . [ type species : s . platani ( fuckel ) sacc . 1880 ] .
phaeoisariopsis ferraris , ann . mycol . 7 : 280 ( 1909 ) , nom rej . [ type species : ph . griseola ( sacc . ) ferraris 1909 ] .
cercosporiopsis miura , flora of manchuria and east mongolia , 3 , cryptogams : 527 ( 1928 ) , nom . illeg . ( art . 53 . 1 ) .
septoriopsis f . stevens & dalbey , mycologia 11 : 4 ( 1918 ) , nom . illeg . ( art . 53 . 1 ) .
cercoseptoria petr . , ann . mycol . 23 : 69 ( 1925 ) [ type species : c . chamaesyceae ( f . stevens & dalbey ) petr . 1925 ] .
ancyclospora sawada , rep . govt . agric . res . inst . taiwan 87 : 78 ( 1944 ) , nom . inval . ( art . 39 . 1 ) .
helicomina l . s . olive , mycologia 40 : 17 ( 1948 ) [ type species : h . caperoniae l . s . olive 1948 ] .
macraea subram . , proc . proc . indian acad . sci , section b , biol . sci . , 36 : 164 “1952” ( 1953 ) , nom . illeg . ( art . 53 . 1 ) .
prathigada subram . , in subramanian & ramakrishnan , j . madras univ . , b , 26 : 366 ( 1956 ) .
cercocladospora g . p . agarwal & s . m . singh , proc . natl . acad . sci . india , b , 42 : 439 “1972” ( 1974 ) [ type species : c . andinae g . p . agarwal & s . m . singh 1974 ] .
cercostigmina u . braun , cryptog . bot . 4 : 107 ( 1993 ) [ type species : c . concentrica ( cooke & ellis ) u . braun 1993 ] .
pseudophaeoramularia u . braun , trudy bot . inst . im . v . l . komarova 20 : 18 ( 1997 ) [ type species : p . geranii ( w . b . cooke & c . g . shaw ) u . braun 1997 ] .
paracercospora p . p . [ see crous et al . ( 2013 ) ] .
literature : deighton ( 1976 ) , yen & lim ( 1980 : 168–190 ) , pons & sutton ( 1988 ) , hsieh & goh ( 1990 ) , braun ( 1995a : 42 ) , guo & hsieh ( 1995 ) , braun & mel’nik ( 1997 : 18 ) , guo et al . ( 1998 ) , shin & kim ( 2001 : 158 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 25 ) , kamal ( 2010 : 143 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 364–367 ) .
pallidocercospora crous , stud . mycol . 75 : 73 ( 2012 ) [ 2013 ] .
pseudocercospora p . p . [ see crous et al . ( 2013 ) ] .
description : hyphomycetes ( asexual morphs or asexual holomorphs ) or pallidocercospora with mycosphaerella - like sexual morphs ; mycosphaerellaceae . phylogenetically distinct from pseudocercospora , forming a separate clade . in vivo morphologically indistinguishable from pseudocercospora , but in vitro forming red crystals on mea , pda , sna and wa .
description : hyphomycetes ( asexual morphs or asexual holomorphs ) ; mycosphaerellaceae . phylogenetically distinct from pseudocercospora , belonging to the “ dothistroma clade” . morphologically close to and barely distinguishable from former cercostigmina species ( cercostigmina - like pseudocercospora species ) , i . e . with unilocal , determinate to percurrent conidiogenous cells . hitherto monotypic ( the type species occurs in south africa on the legume colophospermum mopane ) .
type species : zasmidium cellare ( pers . : fr . ) fr . 1848 .
synonyms : biharia thirum . & mishra , sydowia 7 : 79 ( 1953 ) [ type species : b . vangueriae thirum . & mishra 1953 ] .
stenellopsis b . huguenin , bull . trimestriel soc . mycol . france 81 : 695 ( 1966 ) [ type species : st . fagraeae b . huguenin 1966 ] .
verrucispora d . e . shaw & alcorn , proc . linn . soc . new south wales 92 : 171 ( 1967 ) , nom . illeg . ( art . 53 . 1 ) .
verrucisporota d . e . shaw & alcorn , austral . syst . bot . 6 : 273 ( 1993 ) [ type species : v . proteacearum d . e . shaw & alcorn 1993 ] .
stenella p . p . [ see braun et al . ( 2010a , b ) ] .
literature : deighton ( 1979 : 52–54 , as stenella ) , ellis ( 1976 : 307–314 , as stenella ) , braun & mel’nik ( 1997 : 21 ) , braun et al . ( 2010a , b ) , shivas et al . ( 2009 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 478 ) .
description : morphologically agreeing with plant pathogenic zasmidium species , except for pileate conidiogenous loci . phylogenetically belonging in the teratosphaeriaceae ( in its current circumscription monotypic ) . stenella araguata was redescribed in ellis ( 1971 ) .
asperisporium maubl . , lavoura 16 : 212 , “1912” ( 1913 ) and bull . trimestriel soc . mycol . france 29 : 357 ( 1913 ) .
literature : ellis ( 1971 : 273–274 ; 1976 : 240–243 ) , sutton ( 1975 : 182–185 ) , von arx ( 1983 ) , braun ( 1995a : 40 ) , braun & mel’nik ( 1997 : 14 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 13 ) , minnis et al . ( 2011 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 95 ) .
literature : deighton ( 1969 : 33–39 ) , ellis ( 1971 : 303 ) , braun ( 1995a : 39 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 145 ) .
denticularia deighton , trans . brit . mycol . soc . 59 : 421 ( 1972 ) .
literature : ellis ( 1976 : 182–183 ) , braun ( 1995a : 42 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 23 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 176 ) .
notes : morphologically close to pseudocercospora ( leaf spotting hyphomycetes with unthickened , not darkened conidiogenous loci and hila ) , but the conidiogenous loci are distinctly denticle - like , and the catenate conidia are non - scolecosporous , only with 0–1 ( –3 ) septa .
literature : braun ( 1995a : 37 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 17 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 193 ) .
literature : ellis ( 1971 : 248–249 ) , rao et al . ( 1982 : 1155 ) , braun ( 1995a : 39 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 199 ) .
eriocercosporella r . kumar , a . n . rai & kamal ex u . braun , monogr . cercosporella , ramularia 2 : 398 ( 1998 ) .
type species : eriocercosporella indica r . kumar , a . n . rai & kamal ex u . braun 1998 .
synonym : eriocercosporella r . kumar , a . n . rai & kamal , indian phytopathol . 47 : 127 ( 1994 ) , nom . inval .
dictyocephala a . g . medeiros , publ . univ . recife inst . micol . 373 : 13 ( 1962 ) [ type species : d . ulmifoliae ( obreg . - bot . ) a . g . medeiros 1962 ] .
literature : deighton ( 1976 : 156–159 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 23 ) , minnis et al . ( 2011 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 325 ) .
description : foliicolous hyphomycetes , associated with leaf spots , mycosphaerellaceae . mycelium internal ; hyphae colourless or almost so . stromata developed , pigmented . conidiophores macronematous , in dense coremioid fascicles or synnemata , septate , pigmented , thin - walled , smooth ; conidiogenous cells integrated , terminal , proliferation sympodial and percurrent , conidiogenous loci planate to slightly convex , neither thickened nor darkened ( pseudocercospora - like ) . conidia formed singly , shape variable , ellipsoid - ovoid , fusiform , clavate to obclavate , didymo - to scolecosporous , with 1–11 transverse eusepta and often a single or few oblique to longitudinal septa , hila neither thickened nor darkened .
literature : crous & braun ( 2003 : 22 ) , crous et al . ( 2012 ) .
type species : parastenella magnoliae ( weedon ) j . c . david 1991 .
synonym : stenellopsis morgan - jones , mycotaxon 10 : 405 ( 1980 ) , nom illeg . ( art . 53 . 1 ) .
literature : braun ( 1995a : 41 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 330 ) .
literature : ellis ( 1971 : 297–299 ) , braun ( 1995a : 37 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 14 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 367 ) .
notes : the phylogenetic affinity of p . venezuelanum and its relation to the mycosphaerellaceae are unknown . pseudocercosporidium resembles passalora , but the structure of the conidiogenous loci is quite distinct and closer to scars of genera like neoovularia and pseudodidymaria ( braun 1998 ) .
quasiphloeospora b . sutton , crous & shamoun , mycol . res . 100 : 979 ( 1996 ) .
type species : quasiphloeospora saximontanensis ( deighton ) b . sutton , crous & shamoun 1996 .
literature : deighton ( 1983 : 7–8 ) , braun ( 1998 : 400–401 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 14 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 376–377 ) .
description : cercosporoid hyphomycetes characterised by forming large immersed sporodochium - like conidiomata with filiform , somewhat pigmented , irregularly verruculose conidiophores , aseptate , i . e . reduced to conidiogenous cells , monoblastic , determinate or sympodially to percurrently proliferating , with slightly thickened and darkened conidiogenous loci , and very pale to somewhat pigmented scolecosporous conidia formed singly .
scolecostigmina u . braun , new zealand j . bot . 37 : 323 ( 1999 ) .
type species : scolecostigmina mangiferae ( koord . ) u . braun & mouch . 1999 .
stigmina p . p . [ see braun ( 1999 ) , crous et al . ( 2013 ) ] .
literature : crous & braun ( 2003 : 24 ) , crous et al . ( 2013 : 74–75 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 396 ) .
description : scolecostigmina is morphologically close to pseudocercospora , above all to former cercostigmina species ( leaf spotting dematiaceous hyphomycetes with sporodochial conidiomata , macronematous densely fasciculate conidiophores , percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells , neither thickened nor darkened applanate loci , and scolecosporous , plurieuseptate , pigmented conidia formed singly ) , but the wall of the conidiophores is somewhat thickened and mostly verruculose , possesses conspicuous , coarse annellations and the conidia are transversely and occasionally also obliquely or longitudinally septate .
type species : semipseudocercospora peristrophes - acuminatae ( j . m . yen ) j . m . yen 1983 .
description : morphologically close to pseudocercospora ( leaf spotting hyphomycetes with unthickened , not darkened conidiogenous loci and hila ) , but the conidiogenous cells are not geniculate , i . e . not distinctly sympodially proliferating , the conidiogenous loci are distinctly denticle - like , and the solitary conidia are didymo - to phragmosporous , i . e . not scolecosporous .
type species : sirosporium antenniforme ( berk . & m . a . curtis ) bubák & serebrian . 1912 .
literature : ellis ( 1963 : 2–11 ; 1971 : 288–290 ; 1976 : 299–303 ) , braun ( 1995a : 39 ) , mel’nik ( 2000 : 284–288 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 18 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 404 ) .
description : morphologically close to passalora , i . e . above all mycovellosiella - like ( leaf spotting dematiaceous hyphomycetes with internal and external mycelium , superficial hyphae giving rise to solitary conidiophores , lateral and terminal , conidiophores may also be formed in fascicles , conspicuous conidiogenous loci and hila , thickened and darkened , conidia solitary , size , shape and septation variable ) , but the conidia are relatively thick - walled and at least partly dictyosporous .
several hyphomycete genera have previously been considered to be and treated as cercosporoid genera , but based on modern phylogenetic examinations they are not part of the family mycosphaerellaceae and the corresponding clade , i . e . they belong elsewhere and are not cercosporoid s . str . species of such genera are not treated here :
miuraea hara , byochugai - hoten ( manual of pests and diseases ) : ( 260 ) , 779 ( 1948 ) .
type species : miuraea degenerans ( syd . & p . syd . ) hara 1948 .
literature : von arx ( 1983 : 39 ) , braun ( 1995a : 218–223 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 293 ) , crous et al . ( 2013 : 69 ) .
phaeomycocentrospora crous , h . d . shin & u . braun , stud . mycol . 75 : 61 ( 2012 ) [ 2013 ] [ pleosporales ]
type species : phaeomycocentrospora cantuariensis ( e . s . salmon & wormald ) crous , h . d . shin & u . braun 2013 .
literature : von arx ( 1981 , 1983 ) , braun ( 1990 : 71 ; 1995a : 211–215 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 22 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 437 ) , crous et al . ( 2013 : 61 ) .
xenostigmina crous , mycol . mem . 21 : 154 ( 1998 ) [ pleosporales , phaeosphaeriaceae ]
notes : xenostigmina and its synasexual morphs in mycopappus belong to the pleosporales ( crous et al . 2013 ) , i . e . they are not part of the mycosphaerellaceae , in contrast to stigmina s . str . which has been reduced to synonym with pseudocercospora ( crous et al . 2006 ) .
expanded keys to cercosporoid genera and morphologically similar and confusable genera have been published in braun ( 1995a : 23–36 ) , crous & braun ( 2003 : 28–32 ) and braun in seifert et al . ( 2011 : 887–893 ) .
1 saprobic or biotrophic , plant pathogenic hyphomycetes , causing various lesions , mostly leaf - spotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
hyperparasitic ( pathogenic on other fungi ) or strictly fungicolous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2 ( 1 ) very large immersed sporodochium - like conidiomata , about 40–130 μm diam , with filiform , somewhat pigmented , irregularly verruculose conidiophores , aseptate , i . e . reduced to conidiogenous cells , monoblastic , determinate or sympodially to percurrently proliferating , with slightly thickened and darkened conidiogenous loci , and pale ( subhyaline ) to somewhat pigmented scolecosporous conidia formed singly ; on
with other characters or combinations of characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
solitary or in small loose fascicles ( groups ) emerging through stomata , laxly erect , frequently branched , very pale brown ; conidiogenous cells integrated , terminal , intercalary or pleurogenous ( as lateral branchlets ) , conidiogenous loci conspicuous , protruding , convex ( papilla - like ) , but wall of the loci neither distinctly thickened nor darkened , only somewhat refractive ; conidia solitary , didymo - to scolecosporous , pigmented ( deeper in pigmentation than the conidiophores ) , hila neither thickened nor darkened other characters or combinations of characters ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
with conidiogenous loci different , not papilla - like , but truncate , either inconspicuous or more denticle - like , but always unthickened and not darkened , or with conspicuously thickened and darkened - refractive loci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 ( 3 ) conidiogenous loci inconspicuous , neither thickened nor darkened or subconspicuous by being more rigid or denticle - like , but wall of the loci always unthickend and not darkened , at most somewhat refractive , or only slightly thickened and darkened around the rim ( formed as minute somewhat darker rim visible as darker circle ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
conidiogenous loci conspicuous , thickened and darkened throughout , except for a very minute centre pore ( in front view visible as minute dark circle ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
, hyphae verruculose - verrucose ; conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary , denticulate , with lateral short peg - like protuberances , conidiogenous loci inconspicuous , neither thickened nor darkened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
superficial hyphae in vivo lacking or , if present , smooth or almost so ; with genuine conidiophores , at least not with consistently peg - like protuberances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
conidiophores in vivo solitary , fasciculate or in sporodochia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
conidia usually consistenty transversely septate ; on other hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pseudocercospora ( synnematous species )
8 ( 6 ) conidiophores in sporodochial conidiomata ; wall of the densely arranged conidiophores somewhat thickened and mostly distinctly verruculose , forming conspicuous , coarse annellations ; conidia transversely and occasionally also obliquely or longitudinally septate , wall often somewhat thickened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
conidiophores thin - walled , rarely somewhat thickened , but then always smooth , annellations lacking or if present fine and rather inconspicuous ; conidia usually thin - walled and transversely septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9 ( 8 ) conidiophores in dense fascicles or in sporodochial conidiomata , distinctly verruculose ; conidia solitary , didymo - to phragmosporous , distinctly verruculose - verrucose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
conidiophores and conidia smooth or almost so , at most faintly rough - walled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10 ( 9 ) conidiogenous cells with distinct denticles ; conidia amero - to phragmosporous , i . e . not scolecosporous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
conidiogenous cells not denticulate or only subdenticulate ( conidiogenous loci on shoulders caused by sympodial proliferation ) and then scolecosporous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
11 ( 10 ) conidiogenous cells not geniculate , i . e . not distinctly sympodially proliferating , conidiogenous loci formed as distinct terminal to lateral denticles ; conidia solitary , didymo - to phragmosporous ; on
conidiogenous cells sympodially proliferating ; conidia catenate , 0–1 ( –3 ) - septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . denticularia
conidiogenesis holoblastic ; width of loci and conidium initials different , narrowed at the attachment point between conidiogenous cells and conidium initial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
without red crystals ] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
conidiophores solitary or fasciculate ; morphologically barely distinguishable from pseudocercospora , but phylogenetically distinct and with red crystals in vitro ( p . heimii complex ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pallidocercospora
also verruculose ) ; conidia smooth or almost so to mostly verruculose - verrucose as well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
superficial hyphae in vivo lacking or , if present , smooth or almost so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
conidiogenous loci planate ( cercospora - like ) [ mycosphaerellaceae ] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zasmidium
] ; conidia always colourless , usually scolecosporous , acicular , filiform , obclavate - cylindrical , and pluriseptate , rarely amero - to phragmosporous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
conidiophores and conidia pigmented , at least faintly olivaceous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
17 ( 16 ) conidia consistently distoseptate ; conidiophores mostly frequently branched . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
conidia aseptate to euseptate or at most few distosepta mixed with eusepta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
18 ( 17 ) conidia distinctly ( usually coarsely ) verruculose - verrucose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
conidia smooth or almost so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
19 ( 18 ) conidiophores mostly numerous in dense sporodochial conidiomata ; conidia solitary , usually amero - to phragmosporous , occasionally with longitudinal or oblique septa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
conidiophores fasciculate ; conidia solitary , but scolecosporous , only transversely septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zasmidium ( p . p . , species without superficial hyphae in vivo )
conidia solitary to catenate , amero - to scolecosporous , not rostrate , usually thin - walled ; in vivo with or without superficial mycelium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
with solitary conidiophores arising from superficial hyphae ; conidia scolecosporous , fairly thick - walled , with transverse and occasionally also longitudinal and oblique septa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
in vivo with internal or internal and external hyphae ; conidia amero - to scolecosporous , thin - walled , transversely septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
22 ( 21 ) conidia solitary or catenate ; conidiogenous loci and conidial hila always distinctly thickened and darkened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
conidia catenate ; conidiogenous loci subconspicuous , ranging from inconspicuous to conspicuous by being somewhat darkened - refractive , but always unthickened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see pseudocercospora p . p . ( incl . pseudophaeoramularia )
in vivo with solitary conidiophores arising from superficial hyphae ; conidiogenous loci not denticle - like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
24 ( 23 ) conidia catenate ; conidiogenous loci somewhat thickened and darkened ; on cercosporoid hyphomycetes and rusts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
conidia solitary ; conidiogenous loci subconspicuous , unthickened , not or only slightly darkened - refractive ; on sooty moulds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eriocercospora
conidiophores very long , about 25–500 μm ; on rust fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
conidiophores much shorter , about 8–40 μm ; on cercosporoid hyphomycetes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
stromata lacking ; conidia ( 7– ) 15–40 ( –50 ) × 3 . 5–4 . 5 μm , ( 0– ) 1–2 ( –5 ) - septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c . uredinicola
stromata well - developed and large , 20–90 ( –150 ) μm diam ; conidia broader , 4–6 . 5 μm , ( 0– ) 1 ( –3 ) - septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c . uredines
conidia much shorter , 9–15 × 3–4 μm , 0–3 - septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c . deightonii
cladosporiella cercosporicola deighton , mycol . pap . 101 : 35 ( 1965 ) .
2 . cladosporiella cercosporoides ( k ( m ) imi 107538b ) . 3 . c . deightonii ( hal 1649 f ) . 4 . c . uredinicola ( k ( m ) imi 43280b ) . 5 . c . uredinis ( k ( m ) imi 16432b ) . a . solitary conidiophores arising from superficial hyphae . b . superficial hyphae . c . conidia . d . conidiophore fascicles . e . conidiophore tips . bar = 10 μm .
illustrations : deighton ( 1965 : 36 , fig . 14 ) , ellis ( 1971 : 303 , fig . 209 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 709 , fig . 227b ) .
holotype : sabah : on passalora koepkei , mycosphaerellaceae , on saccharum officinarum , poaceae , 1964 , j . solomon ( k ( m ) imi 107538b ) .
illustration : castañeda & braun ( 1989 : 45 , fig . 9 ) .
types : cuba : los corrales de guisa , granma , on cercospora coffeicola , mycosphaerellaceae , on coffea arabica , rubiaceae , 24 june 1987 , r . f . castañeda ( inifat c87 / 171 - holotype ; hal 1649 f – isotype ) .
cladosporiella uredinicola deighton , mycol . pap . 118 : 33 ( 1969 ) .
holotype : sierra leone : dodo , on uredosori of puccinia eucomi , pucciniaceae , on andropogon auriculatus , poaceae , 15 apr . 1940 , f . c . deighton ( k ( m ) imi 43280b ) .
host range and distribution : on uredo - and teleutosori of rust fungi , on puccinia eucomi , pucciniaceae , and ravenelia zygiae , raveneliaceae , africa ( sierra leone ) .
cladosporiella uredinis deighton , mycol . pap . 118 : 36 ( 1969 ) .
types : philippines : on uredosori ( uredo sp . ) on scirpus grossus , cyperaceae , 20 mar . 1913 , p . w . graff , sydow , fungi exot . exs . 444 ( p . p . ) ( k ( m ) imi 164332b – holotype ; sydow , fungi exot . exs . 444 ( e . g . bpi 420980 ) – isotypes ) .
host range and distribution : on uredo - and teleutosori of rust fungi , on puccinia ( polygoni - amphibi , scleriae , solmsii , thaliae ) and uredo sp . , pucciniaceae , asia ( india , malaysia , philippines ) , west indies ( trinidad ) .
holotype : cuba : prov . pinar del rio : soroa , on living leaves of blechnum occidentale l . , blechnaceae , 11 mar . 1987 , r . f . castañeda ( inifat c87 / 82 ) .
notes : this is a foliicolous species with very long , simple or branched , pigmented , 8–15 - septate conidiophores , 180–300 × 6–7 μm , ramoconidia and extremely long , brown conidia , 100–310 × 4–5 μm , with 15–30 ( –35 ) septa . the generic affinity of this unusual species is quite unclear .
conidiophores very long , 100–250 μm , frequently branched ; conidia 12–60 × ( 4– ) 5–7 . 5 ( –10 ) μm , ( 0– ) 2–4 ( –6 ) - septate , very pale olivaceous ; on phyllachora parasitica and phyllachora sp . , africa , north and south america . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e . parasitica
conidiophores shorter , 85–120 μm , unbranched ; conidia 17–23 × 7–9 μm , ( 1– ) 2 ( –3 ) - septate , pale olivaceous - ochraceous ; on phyllachora shiraiana , asia , japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e . ochracea
elletevera ochracea ( yam 24294 ) . a . conidiophores arising from stroma cells . b . conidiophores . c . conidiophore tip . d . conidia . bar = 10 μm .
holotype : japan : yamaguchi pref . : nishiki - cho , mt . jakuchi , on stromata of phyllachora shiraiana , phyllachoraceae , on leaves of sasa palmata , poaceae , 6 may 1985 , k . katumoto ( yam 24294 ) .
elletevera parasitica ( ellis & everh . ) deighton , mycol . pap . 118 : 19 ( 1969 ) .
elletevera parasitica ( ny , holotype ) . a . conidiophores . b . conidia . bar = 10 μm .
basionym : pyricularia parasitica ellis & everh . , proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 45 : 462 “1893” ( 1894 ) .
synonym : pyricularia grisea var . parasitica ellis & everh . , in sumstine , mycologia 41 : 13 ( 1949 ) , nom . nud .
illustrations : deighton ( 1969 : 19 , fig . 11 and pl . 1 ) , seifert et al . ( 2011 : 701 , fig . 219c ) .