cardigan bay was a new zealand harness racing pacer foaled 1 september 1956 .

affectionately known as " cardy " , he was the first standardbred to win us$ 1 million in prize money in north america .

he was the ninth horse worldwide to win one million dollars , ( the first eight were thoroughbreds ) .

cardigan bay won races in new zealand , australia , canada and the united states .

along with his arch-rival , american champion of the day , bret hanover , he has a legitimate claim of being one of the truly great standardbred racehorses .

cardigan bay became an overnight sensation in the united states , and appeared with dancer on the ed sullivan show as the " million dollar horse " .

cardigan bay ( horse )

beswick cardigan bay # 2340 -
the million dollar pa . . . beswick cardigan bay # 2340 -
the million dollar pa . . .
the club draws its name not simply from the fact that it is based geographically on cardigan bay , but in recognition of the horse , cardigan bay , the first standardbred to win $ 1million .
harness champion - cardigan bay archived 2008 - 12 - 03 at the wayback machine .
cardigan bay and war buoy are credited with the greatest number of consecutive wins - 10 .
cardigan bay the million dollar pacer archived october 16 , 2008 , at the wayback machine .
cardigan bay and war buoy are credited with the greatest number of consecutive wins – 10 .
islayj , vr owner at static caravan . mwnt , cardigan bay , responded to this review
in the backstretch , cardigan bay was tucked in behind overtrick . in the last 100 yards , he drew alongside of overtrick . with 50 yards to go vernon dancer , driving cardigan bay , went to the whip . the 8‐year‐old cardigan bay and the 4‐year‐old overtrick crossed the finish line together .
the world ' s first million dollar pacer , cardigan bay , wins the 1963 new zealand cup .
the new zealand post office issued a postage stamp in 1970 to recognise cardigan bay ' s achievements .
along with phar lap , cardigan bay is one of new zealand’s most famous racehorses . cardigan bay was a standardbred harness racer . in harness racing the horse pulls a two - wheeled cart , or sulky , which seats the driver . cardigan bay lived from 1956 to 1988 , and was the first standardbred horse to win more than us $ 1 million . his fame was commemorated in this 1970 new zealand stamp .
cardigan bay was foaled at mataura ( near gore ) in the south island of new zealand . as you drive into mataura from gore , there is a sign on the road proclaiming mataura as the birthplace of cardigan bay . he was a first crop foal by a leading sire , hal tryax ( usa ) , his dam colwyn bay was by josedale dictator ( usa ) . cardigan bay was a brother to thule bay and a half - brother to brides bay .
cardigan bay was a new zealand harness racing horse foaled 1 september 1956 . affectionately known as
cardy
, he was the first standardbred to win … | pinteres…
in 1964 , overtick and cardigan bay tangled in the dan patch pace and the dan patch encore . cardigan bay prevailed by the shortest of noses in the dan patch , but overtrick got his revenge in the encore .
cardigan bay was foaled at mataura ( near gore ) in the south island of new zealand . as you drive into mataura from gore , there is a sign on the road proclaiming mataura as the birthplace of cardigan bay .
that comment was prophetic . cardigan bay was indeed to become the world’s first pacer to win a million dollars .
cardigan bay appeared on television on ' ' the ed sullivan show ' ' before being flown to new zealand .
in 1964 , overtrick and cardigan bay engaged in two races : the dan patch pace and the dan patch encore . cardigan bay prevailed by the shortest of noses in the dan patch , and overtrick won the encore . overtrick also defeated cardigan bay in an earlier race in 1964 , prevailing by a neck in a mile and a half race .
cardigan bay was born in new zealand in 1956 and apart from his name , there is a loose welsh connection .
the new zealand post office issued a postage stamp in 1970 to recognise cardigan bay ' s achievements . [ 17 ]
cardigan bay was foaled at mataura in the southland region of the south island of new zealand . as you drive into mataura from gore , there is a sign on the road proclaiming mataura as the birthplace of cardigan bay . he was a first crop foal by a leading sire , hal tryax ( usa ) , his dam colwyn bay was by josedale dictator ( usa ) . cardigan bay was a brother to thule bay and a half - brother to brides bay . auckland pacing ( known in . nz as trotting ) cup was won in 1961 not 1962 .
on dec 17 , 1963 , on a blustery night at hutt park , wellington , cardigan bay raced a mile against the clock in 1 : 56 1 / 5 , the fastest ever in new zealand . a week later , stanley dancer called and asked , “what kind of a horse is this cardigan bay ? ”
the next night , a sunday , cardigan bay was a guest on the ed sullivan show , the first and only race horse to appear on that stage . under the agreement with audrey and mervyn dean , cardigan bay was shipped back to new zealand to finish his days in comfort on the land where he was foaled .
patterson did not quite agree .
sure , cardigan bay was getting to us , but what would you expect after my horse had cut out such a pace , especially the last half ?
every horse is different . cardigan bay was different because he did not believe he was a horse . i had no doubt that he had a calculating mind and the emotions of a champion . most importantly , he had a heart as big as catcher ' s mitt .
mr feelgood has something cardigan bay and lyell creek ( both geldings ) could not achieve – the opportunity to become a successful sire .
the winner of that one‐mile pace in the then track‐record time of 1 minute 58 1 / 5 seconds was cardigan bay , the greatest horse , harness or thoroughbred , from australia or new zealand . he was the first horse in harness racing to win $ 1‐million in purses .
' ' the two best horses fought it out . apmat proved his class when he went to yonkers and won the international series . i link caduceus with cardigan bay as the best pacers i ' ve seen . cardigan bay was a better stayer but caduceus more brilliant .
it ' s two straight for dancer and cardigan bay , harness racing ' s first $ 1 million earning horse . the victory allows cardigan bay to break bret hanover ' s record for career earnings . jesta hill is second , the highest finish in cup history by a mare and dancing david , original winner of the cup , is third .
cardigan bay became inter - dominion champion in 1963 but not before overcoming what was a horrific training accident in 1962 . so badly was cardigan bay injured that for a while it was touch and go for his life . he was in obvious pain and there were thoughts of putting him out of his misery . cardigan bay was nursed back to full fitness and the rest is history . what a great horse . cardy started from 24 yards and won from dusty miller and waitaki hanover .
dancer also was harness racing ' s first driver to earn more than $ 1 million in one season , in 1964 , and he drove the first horse to earn more than $ 1 million , cardigan bay . seven times his horses won horse of the year honors , another record .
here we see the late stanley dancer in the sulky behind cardigan bay , as they win the pace of the century at yonkers raceway in america .
his dam was called colwyn bay and cardigan bay ( or cardy ) and spent six months in quarantine at lord langford’s stables in bodrhyddan hall , north wales , while in transit from america to new zealand in the 1960s .
the lonely eminence of cardigan bay and bret hanover had become conspicuous before their first race , but part of the shock of that race was the revelation that bret had so formidable a companion up there . stanley dancer , who bought cardigan bay in new zealand and drove him to victory in that first meeting ( only the fourth defeat in bret ' s career ) , was asked how he would compare his horse with the great american pacers of the past .
i think bret is the greatest horse we ' ve ever produced in america ,
dancer said ,
and cardigan bay had to be good to beat him .
the result was a triumph for the southland sire hal tryax ( imp ) , who sired the first and second horses , cardigan bay and robin dundee . colwyn bay , the dam of cardigan bay , recently produced a filly foal , a full sister to the cup winner , and there is also an older filly of the same breeding . colwyn bay was a brilliant pacer herself , but unsoundness cut short her racing career . she is by josedale dictator ( imp ) from pleasure bay , by quite sure ( imp ) from helen ' s bay , by guy parrish ( imp ) from gold patch , by geo m patchen .
for every individual man who knew cardigan bay was coming , there are now 1000 who know he is leaving . old cardy could get to people real quick .
cardigan bay was an inaugural inductee into the new zealand trotting hall of fame with the immortals caduceus , harold logan , highland fling , johnny globe and ordeal .
cardigan bay was an inaugural inductee into the new zealand trotting hall of fame with the immortals caduceus , harold logan , highland fling , johnny globe and ordeal .
a month after he had reached the million dollar mark , the horse was honored at yonkers on cardigan bay day . the next evening he walked a long red carpet with dancer and made his appearance on the old popular ed sullivan tv show .
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cameron won three heats of the interdominions with him at melbourne , sydney and forbury park and also reined him to finish second to cardigan bay in the auckland cup .
from there , it was overtrick , a son of solicitor and overbid , showing the way to great credit , adora ' s dream and cardigan bay . cardigan bay , a recent purchase for $ 100 , 000 by an american syndicate , was second at the mile , which over‑ trick passed in 2 : 05 4 / 5 .
cardigan bay would be dominant in the u . s . a . for three years , beating the absolute best pacers in the country on a regular basis . he became the only horse to have defeated the three future hall of fame horses of that era—
cardigan bay , a pacer from new zealand who in 1968 became the first horse in harness racing history to win $ 1 million in purses , died peacefully in his sleep at the age of 31 last friday on puketutu island off auckland , new zealand .
by then it had become apparent that the race was to be between overtrick , the favorite , and cardigan bay , the second choice . parked out for five‐eighths of a mile , the down under pacer had to go some to catch the american horse .
foaled in 1956 in new zealand , the son of hal tryax and colwyn bay , this bay gelding rewrote the record books in his native land and australia . the pacer became the first horse to win the coveted inter - dominion championship and the two - mile new zealand cup in the same year . when news of cardigan bay ' s exploits reached america , the renowned trainer - driver stanley dancer journeyed
down under ,
finally acquiring the horse in early 1964 . cardigan bay quickly became a headliner in north america , winning thirty - seven races during a four - year span . the high point of his career was the
pace of the century
in 1966 , when he defeated three - time horse of the year bret hanover before a crowd of over 36 , 000 . cardigan bay became the first million dollar winner on september 14 , 1968 and was retired shortly thereafter . he died in 1988 in new zealand .
cardigan bay had finished his australasian racing with a score of 43 wins , nine seconds and three thirds from 67 starts worth £nz36 , 944 15s plus £a24 , 940 .
irving rudd is public relations director of the new york city off track betting corporation . he held a similar position at yonkers raceway in the glory days of cardigan bay .
cardigan bay is possibly the most well - known racehorse ever to come from new zealand . he won 80 races in all . much of his racing was done in the
his only blemish came last start at alexandra park when he finished third behind mach shard and spankem in the group one $ 100 , 000 young guns cardigan bay stakes .
save watch bay to get e - mail alerts and updates on your ebay feed .
horse foaled 1 september 1956 . affectionately known as
cardy
, he was the first
john patterson , who drove the victor , said the horse started and finished physically sound .
clwb cardigan bay was formed in april 2005 , to serve as an association of standardbred owners , trainers , drivers and enthusiasts of harness racing in ceredigion and the surrounding area .
he was so badly crippled that it was touch and go whether he should be destroyed . no one thought he would race again . an australian trainer named ted greig passionately believed that cardigan bay could be saved , and so the deans entrusted the horse to his care .
* the biggest stakewinner , galloper or harness horse , ever bred in nz or australia , with a total of $ 329 , 937 , which is computed in nz currency as approximately £116 , 000 . [ cardigan bay may now be slightly ahead on this total . ]
a chartered cargo plane , which he had all to himself , deposited cardigan bay on american soil on the first day of spring , 1964 . it was prophetic . for the next five years the great nz pacing horse was destined to be the evergreen of harness racing , the hardy perennial which not even advancing old age could keep pruned for long . in the september of his years cardigan bay planted springtime in the hearts of millions of racing fans .
p t wolfenden was driving his second nz cup winner in the last three years - he drove cardigan bay in 1963 when , incidentally , robin dundee was also second to him .
bred by d todd , mataura , under whom he did his early racing , cardigan bay is a five year - old bay gelding by hal tryax from a capable pacer in colwyn bay who had her racing career cut short by unsoundness . colwyn bay is a half sister by josedale dictator to scotch girl , snow jane ( dam of slick chick ) , toucher , scotch pleasure and dorstan . cardigan bay raced last season in the interest of mr a todd , mataura , and was purchased before the present season by mrs a d dean . he has been trained and driven for all his engagements this term by the pakuranga trainer , p t wolfenden . since he began racing as a three - year - old in the 1959 - 60 season cardigan bay has won 11 races and been placed twice for £5690 15s in stakes .
cardigan bay even won a major event at addington raceway in christchurch while the grandstand was on fire . a photo of this race is considered one of the great iconic images in the history of horse racing . he also won the inter dominion pacing championship final in adelaide , australia .
cardigan bay even won a major event at addington raceway in christchurch while the grandstand was on fire . a photo of this race is considered one of the great iconic images in the history of horse racing . he also won the inter dominion pacing championship final in adelaide , australia .
listen to a commentary of cardigan bay’s triumphs in 1963 , when he won both the inter - dominion championship at adelaide , australia , and the new zealand cup at addington , christchurch .
a month after he reached the million dollar mark , it was , by formal proclamation ,
cardigan bay day
in yonkers , new york . the next evening cardigan bay walked down a long red carpet , which led into the living rooms of 20 million viewers , on the ed sullivan television show . no immigrant had ever
made it any bigger any faster
.
cardigan bay even won a major event at addington raceway in christchurch while the grandstand was on fire ( one photo of the race is considered one of the great iconic images in the history of horse racing ) . he also won the inter - dominion championship final in adelaide , australia .
the stake of the race is £3500 , but it will be possible for cardigan bay to win an additional £500 . this amount will be paid to the horse finishing in the first four and breaking false step ' s world record of 3 : 21 for a mile and five furlongs .
with peter wolfenden back in the sulky , the year 1963 was undoubtedly a most remarkable season for cardigan bay . he won the inter - dominions after four gruelling heats . in the first qualifying heat , which he won , a horse put a foot through his wheel that almost unseated wolfenden . cardigan bay also won the second qualifier easily but in the third he was unable to avoid a three - horse pile - up and somersaulted over the fallen horses . wolfenden was hurled from the sulky onto the track . even the final was not without incident . handicapped from 24 yards back , cardigan bay got up to the field but on the final turn was forced very wide by another pile up yet finished strongly enough to win setting a track record at adelaide , south australia .
correction : september 17 , 2005 , saturday an obituary on sept . 9 about stanley dancer , the harness racing champion , misstated the milestone reached in 1968 by the pacer cardigan bay . he was the first harness horse to win $ 1 million in a career , not in a year .
on the horse ' s death in 1988 , cardigan bay ' s driver stanley dancer , reflected on the gelding ' s last year of racing and said ,
at the end he was going on heart alone . . . . . what a mighty heart it must have been
.
new zealand bred pacer who was the first harness horse to win $ 1 million in north america .
april 1966 saw cardigan bay sweep all three legs of the international pacing series , the international pace , good time pace and national championship pace at yonkers raceway . it was the first time a horse had won all three legs . [ 9 ] perhaps his most famous encounter was with the great standardbred horse , bret hanover , in the pace of the century , in 1966 . cardigan bay , with stanley dancer driving , won that race in front of 45 , 000 spectators at yonkers raceway and became only one of two horses ( the other being adios vic ) up to that time to have beaten bret hanover . however , in their next encounter at roosevelt raceway , the
revenge pace ,
bret hanover reversed that result with cardigan bay third before a crowd of 37 , 000 . [ 10 ]
a record crowd of 45 , 788 watched at trainer - driver eric hurley set a swift pace with him . robin dundee ( who was checked ) and cardigan bay settled second - last and last .
and so it was in early 1962 at perth that cardigan bay , who was more of pet than a competitor for his owners , mervyn and audrey dean , came to grief in a near‐fatal accident .
in 1964 cardigan bay was sold to american interests for 100 , 000 dollars and in winning , in 1964 , two of the three international races proved to be the equal of the top american horses .
making his first appearance in free - for - all company , cardigan bay won his ninth consecutive race when he led practically throughout to win the nz free - for - all at addington on friday .
cardigan bay was bred was developed by the mataura trainer , d todd . he was raced by d todd ' s brother , mr a todd , of mataura , who sold him to mrs deans . mrs deans related how she had decided to buy a pacer and that she and her husband had followed closely the newspaper comments made on the form and performances of cardigan bay .
we were quite certain that cardigan bay would be the horse we would buy - we had never seen him - and when we read there were some northern inquiries for him , we decided there and then to buy him before anyone else did ,
she said . the champion cost mrs dean £2500 after contingencies had been met .
on the horse ' s death in 1988 , cardigan bay ' s driver stanley dancer , reflected on the gelding ' s last year of racing and said ,
at the end he was going on heart alone . . . . . what a mighty heart it must have been
. [ 16 ]
in 1970 the new zealand post office issued a postage stamp to recognize the achievements of cardinal bay .
minnesota vikings green bay packers 11 / 23 / 14 nfl game program . . . anth ony barr
victoria’s angelique and fosmar beat cardigan bay into third in the third round at 15 ½ furlongs , and was obvious the new zealand champion was no certainty in the 14 - furlong £15 , 000 grand final .
cardigan bay was out for four months and when he went back to light training his pronounced limp was easily visible . nevertheless , by the time the inter - dominions of 1963 rolled around in february , cardigan bay was ready . on hand at adelaide again was president martin tananbaum of yonkers raceway with a firm invitation to mrs dean to bring the horse to the 1963 international . on the first night of the inter - dominion championships tananbaum met mrs dean and her husband , merv , near cardigan bay ' s stall .
mr tananbaum ,
said mr dean ,
speaking for my wife , anyone can have the horse beginning right now for £25 , 000 sterling ( $ 70 , 000 american currency ) , i mean
continued the husband ,
starting tonight all the purse money goes to the man who buys him .
cardigan bay was stabled at a private track at suburban cannington . while jogging lightly , a steel stay of his jog cart broke loose and caused a wheel to lock . the groom handling him was catapulted from his seat and cardigan bay was frightened he took off and careened twice around the track while horsemen watching nearby tried to flag him down . cardigan by then dashed toward his stall , slipped and fell heavily on the concrete floor . he had fractured a bone in his right hind quarter and suffered nasty cuts around the fetlocks .
stanley dancer , taking delivery of cardigan bay when he landed in new york on 22 march 1964 , told reporters : ‘i got him cheap - $ 900 , 000 cheap . this one’s worth a million . ’
picking the highlight of cardigan bay ' s career is like trying to pick the greatest cricket catch of all time - if there were 10 people on a judging panel one would no doubt get 10 different opinions .
placed in the name of dean ' s wife audrey , cardigan bay came into wolfenden ' s life when he was 26 and at a time when the track was being remodelled . when the track became available again in the new season , cardigan bay
breezed
a half in 59 in work and led wolfenden to declare
driving something else and then him is like stepping from a morris minor into a jaguar .
realising what a drawcard cardigan bay would be , the wellington tc offered £600 to break the mile record , and on a cold and blustery night cardy scorched round the four and a half furlong track in 1 : 56 1 / 5 . wolfenden claimed that but for the windy conditions , cardigan bay would had threatened adios butler ' s world record of 1 : 54 3 / 5 set at the red mile on 1960 .
one of southland ' s best known trotting personalities mr a ( ' sandy ' ) todd , of mataura , who raced the first million dollar pacer , cardigan bay , died last week . he was 77 .
his performance was all the more meritorious as he paced a little roughly for the first two furlongs and then was challenged for the lead by smokeaway , whom he quickly shook off . when tackled by scottish command in the run home it momentarily appeared as though cardigan bay was going to be hard pressed to win but 30 yards from the post trainer - driver , p t wolfenden put his whip away and cardigan bay won comfortably .
along with his arch - rival , american champion of the day , bret hanover , he has a legitimate claim of being one of the truly great standardbred racehorses . [ 2 ] cardigan bay became an overnight sensation in the united states , and appeared with dancer on the ed sullivan show as the
million dollar horse
.
after winning at forbury park in april 1961 cardigan bay was sold to merv and audrey dean of auckland for £2500 . his record at that time was 12 starts for 5 wins and 2 second places . [ 3 ]
in 1967 cardigan bay won the second ever running of the provincial cup at windsor raceway which at the time was the richest harness race in canada . [ 11 ] he also won the washington park derby in chicago .
sir henry will probably be remembered best in harness racing for giving aucklander mrs audrey dean ' s champion pacer cardigan bay a luxurious retirement at his island paradise , puketutu , in the manukau harbour . from match 1970 until cardigan bay died aged 31 in march 1988 , sir henry doted over the internationally famous gelding , who attracted thousands of tourists from around the world to see in the flesh the first pacer to win a million dollars .
i think he must be the most photographed horse in the world ,
sir henry would often proudly say .
there is one great new zealand horse that has achieved it , and that is cardigan bay in the 1960s . he won the very top races in 3 different countries ( nz cup , auckland cup ) , and in australia ( interdominions ) , and then moved to north america at the age of 8 and over the next 4 years he beat the likes of bret hanover and overtrick , and was twice us pacer of the year – there’s plenty about “cardy” on the internet , just google cardigan bay and refresh you memories of this truly great campaigner !
cardigan bay ran the mile and a quarter in 2 : 34 . 6 , a 2 : 03 . 2 mile rate . he took 32 . 8sec for his first quarter , reached the first half mile in 63 . 2 , clocked 1 : 35 . 8 for the first six furlongs and paced his first mile in 2 : 06 . 8 . cardigan bay returned 58 . 4 for his final half mile , his last quarter being run in a sizzling 27 . 4sec . he received a rousing reception on his return to the birdcage . cardigan bay ' s success was his second in the race and he was second to lordship 12 months ago .
greig constructed special slings and other contrivances that shifted the horse ' s weight from his injured hip . after a month , the slings were removed and cardigan bay , wobbling and limping , was given light walking exercises . toward the end of march , he could apparently walk without pain . his right hip had actually dropped several inches .
today , cardigan bay , 18 years old come aug . 1 if you follow the new zealand breeding calendar , or 19 by united states rules , live in retirement on the 600‐acre island of puketutu just outside of auckland .
. he was the only horse to defeat the three u . s . hall of fame horses of that era :
negotiations had already been taking place to have cardigan bay competing in that year ' s yonkers international series , but it seemed his career could be over . placed in a sling and lovingly cared for by perth trainer ted greig , a month later cardigan bay was walking without pain , although with a noticable limp . four months after the disaster he was shipped home , and in september at alexandra park he successfully resumed from 36 yards over 13 furlongs .
for a payment of $ 125 , 000 , despite the fact he had only $ us137 , 000 in earnings . cardigan bay was also
down on the hip
from a severe injury he suffered earlier in new zealand .
a few weeks later cardigan bay won his last new zealand start , taking out the two - mile pezaro memorial from 60 yards by a length over frontmarker jay ar . on to the inter - dominions around the three - furlong melbourne showgrounds , and on - hand to see cardigan bay thread his way through 11 rivals from 36 yards to win on the first night was tananbaum again , but this time with a special guest - stanley dancer . needing no more prodding , dancer offered us $ 100 , 000 ( about £36 , 000 ) and agreed to return cardigan bay home at his own expense , while tananbaum threw in a $ 30 , 000 specially chartered flight to new york .
the judges studied the photo for five minutes before posting cardigan bay as the winner . the time was 1 : 58 1 / 5 , track record . they gave the winning margin as a nose . it was more like nostril .
a son of siring sensation hal tryax ( cardigan bay’s sire ) , tactile won five derby classics in the 1962 - 63 season , the nz and great northern editions , as well as the nsw , victorian and south australian derbies .
with the headline : overtrick wins $ 50 , 000 international pace by a neck over cardigan bay ; 7–10 shot shows no sign of injury ; 35 , 128 see overtrick take 1½‐mile race in 3 : 03⅘ at yonkers—country don 3d .
cardigan bay had not actually travelled well to addington and wolfenden was then against taking him all the way to perth for the inter - dominions , but dean had other ideas and placed him under the guidance of nsw horseman bill wilkins . handicapped on 12 yards with only the brilliant nsw horse james scott behind him in the championship , cardigan bay easily won on the first two nights as did james scott , and a clash in the two - mile third round heat and the final were eagerly anticipated . it was not to be though , as in a training mishap , cardigan bay crashed to the ground back at the stables and landed on a concrete curb , completely displacing his near - hind hip . about the same time , audrey dean went into hospital for an operation and received news of the death of a relative , and wolfenden was kicked in the face by a horse , requiring surgery that put him on the sidelines for several months .
from 48 yards at 12 ½ furlongs on the second night in melbourne , cardigan bay was forced over a lot of extra ground and could manage only fourth behind south australia’s minuteman , robin dundee and the new south wales representative little maori .
cardigan bay ' s fantastic time of 2 : 59 . 8 for the last mile and a half of the allan matson handicap at the addington raceway on wednesday night , november 20 , is not only 3 . 6sec inside the world race record ( unofficial of course ) for the distance held jointly by the american pacers stephan smith ( 1961 ) and royal rick ( 1962 ) - it is also the first time in world harness history that two - minute speed has been sustained by any horse beyond a mile and a quarter - and cardigan bay also ran his last mile in 2 : 00 flat .
registered in the name of merv ' s wife audrey , cardigan bay under wolfenden became a champion , his numerous wins including the auckland cups in 1961 and 1963 , the nz cup in 1963 and the inter - dominion grand final in adelaide the same year . cardigan bay went on to further fame and fortune in america , where under stanley dancer , he became , as a 12 - year - old in 1968 , the world ' s first pacer to win a million dollars .
club officials would have every reason to be jubilant when cardigan bay ' s name appeared among the acceptors for the allan matson handicap , principal event on the inaugural night of night trotting at addington raceway . his task from 54 yards over a mile and five furlongs should not be beyond him : the main question exercising the minds of trotting enthusiasts is whether anything in front of cardigan bay is capable of making him go fast enough to lower the world record for a mile and five furlongs .
overtrick held the world record for mile at 1 : 57 1 / 5 . he had the no . 8 post while cardigan bay was in no . 7 . overtrick led at the half‐mile in 58 seconds , so fast it was scary .
reta peta , a trotter , is the only horse to have beaten the pacers in the new zealand cup two years running .
when on the following saturday night cardigan bay threaded his way from a 36 - yard handicap through a 12 - horse field to win for fun by four lengths dancer was determined more than ever to acquire cardigan bay for his syndicate , which was headed by irving w berkemeyer who also owned another great gelding - the trotter su mac lad . negotiations began early the following sunday morning , dancer was scheduled to leave for the united states at 3pm . the deal appeared to be at a standstill at the $ 100 , 000 mark until dancer , remembering the many cups and trophies , and other momentos , back in mrs dean ' s living room in auckland , sensed the deep devotion and affection she had for cardigan bay , promised to ship the horse back to her at his own expense when the gelding ' s racing days were ended . a hurried , hand - written agreement was drawn up , signed and witnessed , and dancer was on the plane headed back to america with minutes to spare .
the saucer - like two and a half furlong wayville circuit did not suit cardigan bay ' s ambling action and there were incidents aplenty during the rounds of heats , one of which put wolfenden on the deck during the third night . but ironically in the final , cardigan bay had moved around the field from 24 yards and had a clear track starting the last lap when idle raider faltered and wiped out most of the field , and he went on to down dusty miller and waitaki hanover handsomely .
cardigan bay made his usual swift beginning though and bided his time at the tail of the big field until he commenced his run around the field from the 1200m - or about the point when the crescendo began . he forged to the lead in the backstraight , but he was being stalked by tactile , handy all the way and now tracking cardigan bay into line . tactile drew up , but cardy would not be denied and went on to win by half a length like the champion he was .
her normal brilliant final spring was not forthcoming , and she and cardigan bay were fifth and sixth as angelique , new zealand’s tactile ( driven by robert cameron ) and smoke cloud ( driven by jack watts for noel simpson ) chased minuteman to the wire .
taking delivery of cardigan bay when he landed in new york in march , 1964 , dancer told reporters :
i got him cheap - $ 900 , 000 cheap . this one ' s worth a million .
just how prophetic was that comment ?
a detached holiday bungalow with extensive sea views overlooking cardigan bay . comprising of modern furnishings throughout to the highest of specifications . features include full fronted glass patio doors opening onto enclosed decked area with patio furniture . open plan living area with fully . . .
cardigan bay showed up in the united states with just $ 158 , 212 in his pockets . when he had cooled out for the last time beneath the blue and gold blanket of the stanley dancer stable at freehold raceway on the late afternoon of september 14 , 1968 , he had accumulated earnings of $ 1 , 001 , 353 and so become the first millionaire horse in standardbred history .
to set the scene further , cardigan bay had joined peter wolfenden as a late 4 - year - old , having won three straight races and five in total for mataura trainer dave todd and his brother sandy . he had won twice at three , but failed to pay a dividend on five occasions - a good sale would have to wait until todd and his driver ken balloch had knocked the edges off . this was achieved in the next season when cardigan bay was racing with a hefty price tag of £2500 .
cardigan bay ' s nine wins on end equals the winning sequence of rupee , and the hal tryax pacer requires one more win at his next appearance to equal the winning run of war bouy who won 10 races in a row before tasting defeat . just how good cardigan bay might be is difficult to assess . he beat the best pacers in commission on friday pointlessly , and he appears to be a foolproof pacer . he is already being discussed as a racecourse ' certainty ' for the auckland cup next month .
after winning four races for don hayes , vanderford joined bourne ' s stable , and won six in succession at the start of his 4 - year - old campaign , notably the methven cup off 48yds , the laing handicap from rustic lad and flying blue , the flying stakes at ashburton from robin dundee and cardigan bay , and the hannon memorial . he was the beaten favourite in the nz cup won by cardigan bay . he was never so good at five , where his only win was at forbury park .
now cardigan bay was set for the 1964 melbourne interdominions – then , perhaps , a possible sale to american interests headed by new jersey horsemen stanley dancer , now keen to try his hand with the new zealand gelding , regardless of his age and hip problem .
out of luck in the inter - dom final won by minuteman in all - the - way fashion , cardigan bay departed these shores having won 43 races with nine seconds from 67 starts - £36 , 477 in new zealand and £24 , 940 in australia .
“anyone can have this horse right now , beginning at 25 , 000 australian pounds [ $ 70 , 000 in united states currency ] , ” he said . “i mean that starting tonight , all the money the horse wins goes to the man that buys him . ”
today , an observer can tour nz and literally meet hundreds of horsemen who claim that they could have bought cardigan bay but didn ' t act quickly enough to grasp the opportunity . it was ever thus . in most of his subsequent engagements , while owned by mrs dean , cardigan bay was trained and driven by peter wolfenden , one of the top reinsmen in nz . martin tananbaum , president of yonkers raceway , who pioneered the international pace in 1960 , first held discussions in perth about inviting the gelding to the international pace held annually at yonkers raceway . the inter - dominion grand finals were about three days off and it appeared certain that every attendance and betting record at gloucester park , perth , would be toppled when the exciting cardigan bay raced for the inter - dominion championships .
a bay horse by a nz derby stakes winner in gold chief from the jack potts mare , canister , rupee was bred by his owner , j grice , who trained him throughout his career . he was driven in practically all of his races by d townley .
from 54 yards in the cup , cardigan bay conceded favouritism to the alf bourne - trained and maurice holmes - driven 4 - year - old vanderford , a son of great evander , who had won seven of eight races that spring including the ashburton flying stakes and hannon . holmes had vanderford bowling along in front most of the way , but when cardigan bay received a good cart into the race by oreti over he last lap , he pounced and won easily by a couple of lengths over robin dundee and master alan .
a month later in a warm saturday night bath of spotlights at yonkers raceway he was officially disarmed , relinquishing his racing shoes and equipment amidst pomp and ceremony and the prime minister of nz . it had been , by formal proclamation , ' cardigan bay day ' in yonkers , new york . the next evening cardigan bay walked down a long red carpet , which lead into the living rooms of 20 - million viewers , on the ed sullivan television show . no immigrant had ever ' made it ' any bigger any faster .
the result was a triumph for the billy direct horse garrison hanover , as lady nugent , douce and compromise are all by the sire .
at cannington track , a training oval some six miles outside perth , cardigan bay was put through a light jogging session by a groom attached to the stable of billy wilkins , who was ' standing in ' for peter wolfenden as trainer - driver at the time . as the lad dismounted and held the reins lightly , one of the sulky wheels suddenly crumbled and collapsed , some say due to a flat tyre . the usually easy - going cardigan bay was startled and bolted from the grounds through an open gate dragging the damaged cart behind him . he headed , terror stricken , for his stall . before anyone could could flag the great animal down it was too late . he had crashed his right hip severely against one of the walls tearing his flesh open to the bone and it looked as though a merciful end , at the hands of a veterinarian , was the only future for cardigan bay . as a matter of fact , one story current at the time was that if cardigan bay had been insured , he would have been destroyed there and then .
four months after the accident , cardigan bay was shipped back to new zealand . soon he was jogging lightly and by september , in an all‐out workout , he paced a scorching final quartermile , in 28 3 / 5 seconds and wasn ' t even breathing hard .
on feb . 20 , 1964 , in melbourne , australia , stanley dancer , who was allowed only to “look—don ' t touch cardigan bay , ” watched him in a workout and said , “i will give mrs . dean $ 100 , 000 for him . ”
a month after he reached the million dollar mark , it was , by formal proclamation ,
cardigan bay day
in yonkers , new york . the next evening cardigan bay walked down a long red carpet , which led into the living rooms of 20 million viewers , on the ed sullivan television show . no immigrant had ever
made it any bigger any faster
. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] dancer immediately retired him , and he was returned to new zealand with great fanfare with thousands at harbour awaiting his arrival .
highlight of the chimes lodge history was the arrival of cardigan bay , bred and trained by dave todd , and raced by ' sandy ' until he won his way out of southland classes . cardigan bay was then sold to mrs m b dean , of auckland , and he later went to america where , he became the first $ 1 million stake winner in trotting history . he did more to promote trotting in nz than any standardbred before of since and his name was a house - hold word throughout nz , australia and america .
tananbaum included an offer , worth $ us30 , 000 , to fly cardigan bay via special charter to america at the expense of yonkers raceway , on the condition that he did not race anywhere else after the melbourne interdominions until the international series at his track in may .
merv dean , who died at his home in auckland just before christmas aged 67 after a long illness , will long be remembered as the man who bought the great cardigan bay from the todd brothers of mataura . but there was much more to merv than just that .
in 1965 cardigan bay won the american pacing classic at hollywood park and the national pacing derby and nassau pace both at roosevelt raceway . at hollywood park he led a race over 1 1 / 16 miles helping to establish a world record for the distance of 2 . 03 2 / 5 by the winner adios vic . cardigan bay finished second after leading through the first mile in 1 . 56 . he also had a win over adios vic in 1 . 57 2 / 5 which was his fastest time in a race . [ 3 ]
we wanted to stay in scenic cardigan bay mainly so my kids could see dolphins . we booked this lovely caravan as it was great value and in a quiet location . we arrived in the blazing sun with breathtakingly beautiful views greeting us . the caravan takes . . .
last year at windsor , ontario , for example , on march 8 , despite a 22 degree temperature , he broke all kinds of records in winning the provincial cup pace . other windsor track records racked up by cardigan bay were : 1 ) most money bet on a horse , 2 ) most money bet on a single race , 3 ) most money bet on a programme , and 4 ) record crowd .
again in 1966 , another young rival , the speediest pacer ever , bret hanover , was the opposition . in their first meeting , ' the pace of the century ' at yonkers raceway , a crowd of 36 , 795 , which bet a season ' s record handle for all tracks of $ 2 , 802 , 745 , saw cardigan bay beat the great bret by a length . bret came back to whip cardigan bay in subsequent races but it is that first meeting in ' the pace of the century ' that fans still talk about .
the saga of our cardigan bay began at chimes lodge , a training and breeding farm at mataura . davey todd , a veteran trainer , had a considerable reputation for having a knack with problem horses . with his brother sandy , todd runs chimes lodge . cardigan bay was gelded while a weanling , a common practice with the todd brothers . cardigan bay did not race as a 2 - year - old . he started only eight times as a 3 - year - old , winning twice and finishing second once . he was campaigned lightly again at four , and this was largely because he was laid aside for three months at the height of the season because of a cold . in four outings , he won three times and finished second on the other occasion . one of these races , incidentally , was in saddle on january 11 , 1960 . cardigan bay finished second . this was one of the last races in saddle in the harness sport in nz . at the conclusion of his 4 - year - old season he was sold for $ 5000 to mrs audrey d dean of auckland .


the corded purg , scientific name pyrgulopsis nevadensis , is an extinct species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum , an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family hydrobiidae .

pyrgulopsis nevadensis is the type species of the genus pyrgulopsis .

corded purg

the corded purg is a mollusk indigenous to north america that has gone extinct .
information on the corded purg is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
how can i put and write and define corded purg in a sentence and how is the word corded purg used in a sentence and examples ? 用corded purg造句 , 用corded purg造句 , 用corded purg造句 , corded purg meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
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anagrammer is a game resource site that has been extremely popular with players of popular games like scrabble , lexulous , wordfeud , letterpress , ruzzle , hangman and so forth . we maintain regularly updated dictionaries of almost every game out there . to be successful in these board games you must learn as many valid words as possible , but in order to take your game to the next level you also need to improve your anagramming skills , spelling , counting and probability analysis . make sure to bookmark every unscrambler we provide on this site . explore deeper into our site and you will find many educational tools , flash cards and so much more that will make you a much better player . this page covers all aspects of purg , do not miss the additional links under
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index to vols . 1 - 5 . by w . j . mcgee
: v . 5 , p . 281 - 370
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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
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liste d ' espèces animales dont la disparition a été causée par l ' homme .
j ' essaie de faire une liste la plus complète possible , mais je ne garantie pas qu ' elle soit complète , ni qu ' elle soit exacte . elle peut servir comme outil de travail , comme référence pour pousser plus loin vos recherches . mais en aucun cas , elle ne peut servir de référence absolue . rappelez - vous aussi que le statut d ' espèce éteinte n ' est jamais sûr à 100 % .
pyrgulopsis is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum , aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family hydrobiidae .
generic characters of the genus pyrgulopsis are : the shell is minute , conically turreted , somewhat elongated , imperforate and unicarinate . the apex is acute . the aperture is ovate . the peritreme is continuous .
the operculum is ovate , thin , corneous and spiral , with polar point well forward and approximating the columella .
the radula is like this : odontophore with teeth are arranged in transverse rows , according to the formula 3 + 1 + 3 . formula for denticles of rhachidian :
the distribution of the genus pyrgulopsis includes western and south - western united states .
snails of species in the genus pyrgulopsis occur in fresh water and in brackish water .
pyrgulopsis is the largest genus of freshwater gastropods in the north america . in 2010 , 133 species were recognized in this genus .
pyrgulopsis pilsbryana ( j . l . baily & r . i . baily , 1952 ) - bear lake springsnail
eastern north american species of pyrgulopsis are considered to be in separate genus marstonia according to the thompson and hershler ( 2002 ) .
pyrgulopsis agarhecta ( f . g . thompson , 1969 ) - ocmulgee marstonia - marstonia agarhecta f . g . thompson , 1969
pyrgulopsis arga ( f . g . thompson , 1977 ) - ghost marstonia - marstonia arga - f . g . thompson , 1977
pyrgulopsis castor ( f . g . thompson , 1977 ) - beaverpond marstonia - marstonia castor f . g . thompson , 1977
pyrgulopsis halcyon ( f . g . thompson , 1977 ) - halcyon marstonia - marstonia halcyon f . g . thompson , 1977
pyrgulopsis hershleri f . g . thompson , 1995 - coosa pyrg - marstonia hershleri ( f . g . thompson , 1995 )
pyrgulopsis ogmoraphe ( f . g . thompson , 1977 ) - royal springsnail - marstonia ogmorhaphe ( f . g . thompson , 1977 )
pyrgulopsis pachyta ( f . g . thompson , 1977 ) - armored marstonia - marstonia pachyta f . g . thompson , 1977
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a second edition of camden ' s description of scotland containing a supplement of these peers , or lords of parliament , who were mentioned in the first edition , and an account of these since raised to , and further advanced in the degrees of peerage , until the year 1694 .
camden , william , 1551 - 1623 . , dalrymple , james , sir , fl . 1714 .
a moun∣tain in the midst divideth , running on for∣ward from the west sea to the east .
empire , as who begin to be weary of wars , and to acquaint them∣selves with the delightful benefits of peace .
besides a number of islands lying round about . in the south part , these countries are more remarkable than the rest .
whereof a list shall be subjoyned as they now are , and in the order they stand in the rolls of parlia∣ment .
about the year 268 . did set out dioeceses for bishops : so the bishops of
the third , that is about the year of our redemption 1070 , at which time the dioeceses were confined with∣in their bounds and limits .
session of this current parliament , the estate of bishops being the third estate of parliament is abolished . by the fifth act of the second session , presbyterian church government was settled , and the no∣bility which did consist of the great barons or lords , or the lesser barons or free - holders , is divided in two estates ; so that by the third act of the second session of the same parlia∣ment , the three estates are declared to be the lords of parliament , designed the
and hath royal authority and jurisdiction over all the states and degrees , as well eccle∣siastical as lay or temporal .
that is , those who were enobled only by the office which they administred . for the word in the ancient english saxon tongue signifi∣eth ,
hath had dukes , marquesses , earls , viscounts , and barons . as for the title of duke , the first that brought it into
the third , a∣bout the year of salvation 1400 . likeas the honourable titles of marquess and viscount were first brought in by king
by taking of an oath , and are proclaimed by the pub∣lick voice of an herauld . in the year 1621 was instituted the hereditary order of knight baronet , for advancing the plantation of
with precedency of all ordina∣ry knights , lesser barons or lairds ; of which order there is a great number , but the anci∣ent great lairds , chiefs of clans or families , have not generally yielded precedency to them . of a second sort are they , who are termed
and hath the same very power as absolute . it consisteth of three states , of lords
to wit , dukes , marques∣ses , earls , viscounts , and barons : and com∣missioners for cities and burghs . unto whom were adjoyned not long since for every coun∣ty or shire also two commissioners . and by the 11th act of the second session of this current parliament , certain shires , and the stewartrie of
it is appointed and solemnly called by the king at his pleasure , at a certain set time , be∣fore it be holden . when these states above∣said are assembled , and the causes of their as∣sembly delivered by the king , his commissi∣oner , or chancellor , the lords
then the same all joyntly together nominat eight , of the commissioners for the counties , and as many of the commissioners for the free burghs regal , which make up in all the number of thirty two . and then
do admit or reject every bill proposed unto the states , after they have been first imparted unto the king , or his commissioner . being allowed by the whole assembly of the states , they are through∣ly weighed & examined , & such of them as pass by the greater number of voices , are exhibited unto the king , or his commissioner , who by touching them with the scepter , pronounceth , that he either ratifieth & approveth them , or disableth and maketh the same void· but if any thing dislike the king , it is razed out before .
to be chosen out of each estate by it self , for preparing all motions and over∣tures first made in the house , and that the parliament may alter the said committees at their pleasure , or conclude upon matters pro∣poned before them in plain parliament , with∣out committees , and that in the committes , some of the officers of state may be present by their majesties or their commissioners ap∣pointment , who is freely to propose and de∣bate allennerly , but not to vote . by act of par∣liament 1617 , the officers of state are re∣stricted to the number of eight , including the master of requests , beside the chancel∣lor , who by his office is president of the par∣liament . since the restauration of king
there hath been no master of requests , but frequently two secretaries ; and there hath been also debate amongst the lesser offi∣cers of state : and especially between the thesaurer - depute and the others , concerning their precedency ; but at present by order , the thesaurer - deput is ranked after the advo∣cat , and before the justice - clerk .
of the nine , which must be of the ordinar lords . the distinction of half
7 . there is allowed two persons to be conjoyned in each of the three offices of ordinary clerks of session , and so now six clerks , and as many advocats as the senators shall think good . these sit and minister justice , not according to the rigour of law , but with reason and equity , every day ( save only on the
in regard the office of the lords of session are for lifetime , they are set down as fol∣lows .
the president of the session by an act of parliament 1661 . is declared to have prece∣dency of the lord register and advocat , and they to have precedency of the lord thesaurer - deput .
amongst his majesties officers and counsellors , where the lesser officers of state are ranked , and after them the lords of session , according to their admission , and before privy counsellors being barons & gentlemen .
& frequently thereafter . all the space between sessions , being the times of sowing and har∣vest , is vacation and intermission of all suites and law matters . they give judgment accor∣ding to the parliament , statutes , and munici∣pal laws , and where they are defective , they have recourse to the imperial civil law .
from which courts or judges , in re∣gard of hard and unequal dealing , or else of alliance and partiality , they appeal some∣time to the session . these sheriffs are all for
also , to oblige more surely unto them the better sort of gentlemen by their benefits and favours , made in old time , these sheriffs hereditary and and perpetual . but the english kings soon perceiving the inconveniencies thereby ensu∣ing , of purpose changed this order , & appoint∣ed them from year to year . there be civil courts also in every regalitie , holden by their baillies , to whom the kings have graciously granted royalities : as also in free - burghs , by the magistrates thereof .
in which before four judges , or commissars ; actions are pleaded concerning wills & testaments , the right of ecclesiastical benefices , tithes , divorces , and such other ecclesiastical causes . in every other several part almost throughout the kingdom , there sitteth but one judge alone in a place about these matters .
exe∣cuted for some time , ) and he doth deput two or three lawers , who have the hearing and deciding of capital actions concerning life and death , or of such as infer loss of limbs , or of all goods . and by the 16
lord justice - general , the lord justice - clerk , who are both at the kings nomination , and to them are added five of the lords of session , who are supplied from time to time by the king , and are called lords of the justiciary . in this court the defendant is permitted , yea in case of high - treason , to entertain a counsellor or advocat to plead his cause .
moreover in criminal matters , there are sometimes by vertue of the kings commission and authority , justices appointed for the de∣ciding of this or that particular cause .
also the sheriffs in their territories , and magistrats in some burghs , may sit in judge∣ment of man - slaughter ( in case the man - slay∣er be taken within 24 hours after the deed committed ) and being found guilty by a ju∣rie , put him to death . but if that time be once over - past , the cause is referred and put over to the
or his deputs . the same priviledge also some of the nobility and gentry enjoy against theives taken within their own jurisdictions . there be likewise that have such royalities , as that in criminal causes they may exercise a jurisdiction with∣in their own limits , and in some cases recal those that dwell within their own limits and liberties from the kings justice , howbeit with a caution and proviso interposed ,
who had given the author good light . he being one of the three principal clerks of session , was in the year 1608 appointed secretary in place of the lord
did set it o∣pen for us , which had so long time been shut from us .
mean time before we proceed to the de∣scription of particular places , according to the authors project , we must give some short account of the privy council , thesaury and exchequer , being soveraign courts , and omitted by the author . the privy council is constitute by the king ' s commission to decide in matters that concerns the government and publick peace of the nation , wherein the chancellor by his office doth preside , and af∣ter him the president of the council , who hath the same precedency as in
the persons are chiefly named out of the nobility , with the addition of some barons . in the thesaury and exchequer , the lord high the∣saurer doth preceed , but this office is frequent∣ly in commission , as it is at present , and then the lord chancellor is , and uses to be one and chief of the commission , as also the lord
thesaurer deput , and they together with the lords of exchequer nominat by their majesties do order , determine , and dispose of the kings rents , revenues , gifts , and casualities : i have omitted particular lists of them , in regard the commissions to the council , thesaury and exchequer are some times changed , as the king doth think fit ; and that the persons employed in them are emi∣nent , of whom occasion will be to make men∣tion in some part of this treatise , either as noblemen , sheriffs of , or commissioners from shires , or otherwise .
under which one general name alone the writers of the middle time comprised all the rest .
are always most ready for service and sudden invasions . the first place among these that we meet with ,
and in old time marchidun , because it was a town in the marches , where stands a castle , that for natural situation , and towred fortifica∣tons , was in time past exceeding strong . which being surprised and held by the
missed and lamented of his subjects . as for the castle , it was yielded ; and being then for the most part of it lay ' d even with the ground , is now in a manner quite vanished and not to be seen . the territory adjoyn∣ing , called of it the sheriffdom of
who is present she∣riff , and one of the commissioners of the shire to this present parliament . and now hath
in the year 1603 . to take possession of that crown , at which time he was created lord
aforesaid runneth through the midst of a dale , taking name of it , replenished with sheep , that bear wool of great request . a very goodly river this is , which springing more inwardly eastward , after it hath passed , as it were in a straight channel by
where he is exceeding full of salmons , and so falleth into the sea .
merch , which is next , and so named because it is a march countrey , lyeth wholly upon the german sea . in this , first
the first of that name built out of the ground , for the propagation of gods glory , but to the great empairing of the crown - land .
and passing along the ra∣ging ocean , landed here in safety , became renowned for her sanctimony , and left her name unto the place . but this
what the meaning should be of these terms let others guess . in the reign of king
dun∣bar ; and when as he proved by good evi∣dences and writings brought forth , that his father had been pardoned for that fault by the regents of the kingdom , he was answe∣red again , that it was not in the regents power to pardon on offence against the state ; and that it was expresly provided by the laws , that children should undergo punishment for their fathers transgressions , to the end that being thus heirs to their fathers rash∣ness , as they are to their goods and lands , they should not at any time in the haughty pride of their own power , plot any treason against prince or countrey . this title of earl of
doth presently enjoy that dignity ; this viscount is marked in the rolls of parliament 1621 . hard by ,
which he hath extraordinarly improven & beautifyed by planting & inclosing . by the same riveret , some few miles higher ,
slain there with his men about the year 815 . but that he should be that warlike
both the account of the times , and his own death do manifestly con∣troll it . the sheriff ship of this shire , being at the kings disposal , is given to sir
baronet , and one of their majesties privy council , and a member of this present parliament for the shire .
much teene and trouble . here by retiring back off the shores on both sides , is room made for a most noble arm of the sea , and the same well furnished with islands , which by reason of many rivers encountring it by the way , and the tides of the surging sea together , spreadeth exceeding broad :
there is none descended of him that claims the title . upon this river , after you be past
flock hither at their times ( for by report , their number is such , that in a clear day they take away the suns light , ) what a sort of fishes they bring ( for as the speech goeth , a hun∣dred garrison soldiers that here lay for de∣fence of the place , fed upon no other meat but the fresh fish that they brought in , ) what a quantity of sticks and little twigs they get together for the building of their nests , so that by their means the inhabitants are a∣bundantly provided of feuel for their fire ; what a mighty gain groweth by their feathen and oyl , the report thereof is so incredible that no man scartcely would believe it , but he that had seen it . the garrison of the
a peer as hath been said . near to this place was the seat of sir
the sixth , and one of the lords of session ; his grand uncle mr .
the sixth , and one of the lords of session ; and his uncle mr .
also a lord of session . upon the sea - side is the town of
a pict , good leave have he for me , i will not con∣front them with this my conjecture .
affordeth . and as it is the seat of the kings , so is it the oracle also , or closet of the laws , and the very palace of justice . for the high courts of parliament are here for the most part holden ,
for the enacting and repelling of laws : also the session , and the court of the kings ju∣dicators , and of the commissariat , whereof i have spoken already , are here settled and kept .
the second after his restauration , did raise there a fair and stately court and pallace , all of hewen stone . in
did to their great expense , build a stately hall for the meetings of the parlia∣ment , with other rooms adjoyning for the session , and above stairs for the privy coun∣cil and exchequer , with a large closs or yard , to the south of st .
the second on horse - back in brass . and to the south - west , on a rising ground , is a curious and large hospi∣tal , built with the money left by
gold - smith , which doth entertain above an hundred young boys , children of decay∣ed burgesses . this city is well watered with five large fountains on the high and broad street thereof . in this city also , by king
as what variable changes of reciprocal fortune it hath felt from time to time , the historiographers do relate , and out of them ye are to be informed .
had fortified , by reason of many men repair∣ing thither , within a short time from a mean village , it grew to be a big town . again , when
truely seing both these islands be dissevered from the shore , the same reason of the name will hold in both languages . for
where she did much reside , and began to found that monastry . upon the same
in the british tongue soundeth as much as a lake . a sheriff it had in times past by inheritance out of the family of the
the sixth raised from the dignity of a baron , wherein his ancestors had flourished a long time , to the honour of an earl . in the same shire is situat
great grand child to the first earl , doth pre∣sently enjoy the dignity , and is one of the commissioners of the thesaury . near to
for deliver∣ing him out of a danger , greatly enriched . these were earls of
the fifth ( who begat many bastards ) the title & inheritance both came un∣to his son now extinct . hard by is
into which the access by land is very difficult . the places of greater note here∣in are these ;
by right from their ancest∣ors , had the rule of this seneschalsie or stewartrie , for so it is accounted . this vale
for that the per∣son more remote in the second degree , descend∣ing in the first line , is to be preferred before a nearer in a second line , in the succession of an inheritance that cannot be parted .
by his own vertue , at length recovered the king∣dom unto himself , and established it to his posterity . a prince , who as he flourished notably , in regard of the glorious ornaments of his noble acts , so he triumphed as happi∣ly with invincible fortitude & courage , over fortune that so often crossed him . sir
who besides other offices enjoyed by him , is one of the commissioners of the thesaury ; and by a special commission did represent the lord high thesaurer in the last session of this cur∣rent parliament . i cannot pass over in silence his uncle ,
is one of the titles of the present duke . by the same river , near unto the mouth whereof standeth
for fear he should fore - close his way to the kingdom , ran quite through with his sword in the church , & soon obtained his par∣don from the pope , for committing that mur∣der in a sacred place . near unto the mouth , is
and is now in the person of the present earl . moreover , in this vale
of whom i am to write more in place convenient , bare a long time the title of earl .
for to fetch in booties , and in which the inhabitants thereabout on both sides with pleasant pastime and delight∣ful sight on horse - back with spears hunt salmons , whereof there is abundance . what manner of
they go forth in the night by troops out of their own borders , through de∣sart by - ways , and many winding crankies . all the day time they refresh their horses , and re∣creat their own strength in lurking places ap∣pointed before hand , until they be come thither at length , in the dark night where they would be . when they have laid hold of a bootie , back again they return home likewise by night , through blind ways only , and fetching many a compasse about ; the more skillful any leader or guide is , to pass through those wild desarts , crooked turnings , and steep down - falls , in the thickest mists and deepest darkness , he is held in greater reputati∣on , as one of an excellent wit : and so crafty
and wily these are , that seldom or never they for∣go their booty , and suffer it to be taken out of their hands , unless it happen otherwhiles that they be caught by their adversaries following con∣tinually after , and tracting them directly by their footing , according as quick - senting slugh - hounds do lead them . but say they be taken , so fair spoken they are and eloquent , so many sugared words they have at will , sweetly to plead for them▪ that they are able to move the judges and adver∣saries both , be they never so austere and severe , if not to mercy , yet to admiration , and some commiseration withal .
they take in weels and weer - nets , an incredible num∣ber of most sweet and savourie eels , where∣by they make no less gain than others do by their little naggs , which for being well limmed , fast knit , and strongly made to en∣dure travail , are most in request , and bought from hence . among these , the first place that offereth it self by the river
baronet , is heretable she∣riff , and a member for that shire to this cur∣rent parliament . in times past , it had for lord ,
which i know not , to say truth , where to seek . yet that place requireth that it should be that episcopal seat of
his younger brother took him prisoner in battel , and when he had cut out his tongue , and plucked his eyes forth of his head , he cruelly bereaved him both of life and inheritance . but with∣in some few years , when
and is in this tract of high birth , spread into many branches , and of great power . the chief of which linage is the earl of
hath a town also of mer∣chandise , and a well known port by a river of the same name .
but now both sheriffship and stewartry being at the kings disposal , are granted to one person ; which rivers hath many little villages scattered along their banks .
and others of these sirnames , all families of good note . the chief mes∣suage of the stewartry of
butteth upon the same firth so close , that it restraineth the breadth thereof , which hi∣therto lay out and spread at large . the name , if one interpret it , is as much as the
by which a man may guess how commodious and pleasant it is . this territory is watered with
and marriage with the kings sister . but soon after , when the said gale came about , and blew contrary , they were judged enemies to the state :
doth contravert many of the circumstances thereof . ) howbeit the po∣sterity of the lord
recovered the anci∣ent honour of barons , and honourably enjoy it at this day . this family was dignified with the title of earl of
shallow withall , that it can bear none other vessels but small barks and boats .
was in a broil , whiles he took part with the protestants , he was apprehended and beheaded . but the
of a castle bearing the same name . inwardly it mounteth up altogether with high rising hills , at the bottom and foot whereof , along the shore , it is well inhabited . the first earl hereof that i can read of , was
in understanding , that he could not manage his estate , took this title in the right of being guardian .
he hath been twice employed by their majesties , as commissio∣ner to the general assembly , and is of the privy council .
the fifth , book 12 . chap . 5 . anent the genealogy of the
as is said , who is one of the gentlemen of their majesties bed - chamber . the fourth son lord
is the most famous town of merchandise in this tract : for pleasant situation , apple - trees , and other like fruit - trees much com∣mended , having also a very fair bridge sup∣ported with eight arches . near to it is
kings , and that a wrong genealogy of them is printed , with our acts of parliament . i must be allowed to prevent the further course of that mistake , to digress a little beyond my ordinary in privat families , to give a true and brief account of that ancient , great and noble family of the
and that he died in the year 1177 , by the former , and 1178 . by the latter , which
the manu∣script contains many things useful to the history , and is in the hands of the reverend mr .
his grand - father , his seal appended , is also entire : he died in the year 1309 . at the battle of
hath the charter and lands , an ancient baron , nobly de∣scended . there is a charter to the same per∣son of the same lands , but then designed sir
and other great branches descended thereof , de∣serve a particular treatise . i shall only re∣peat ,
robertus senescallus comes de strathern , ne∣pos noster , ioannes senescallus comes de car∣rict , filius suus primogenitus & haeres , & c .
as also with islands , concerning which , many fables have been forged , and those rife among the com∣mon people .
as touching an island here that floateth and waveth too and fro , i list not to make question thereof . for what should let , but that a lighter body , and spongeous withal in manner of a
there be islands full of grass , and covered over with rushes and reeds , that float up and down . but i leave it unto
) the east side of it , which hath a most pleasant prospect into the said lake . but at the confluence where
in a green plain . in one of the tops or heads abovesaid , there standeth up a lofty watch - tower , or keep : on the other , which is the lower , there are sundry strong bul∣warks : between these two tops on the north side , it hath one only ascent , by which hard∣ly one by one can pass up , and that with a labour by degrees or steps , cut out aslope traverse the rock : in stead of ditches on the west side , serveth the river
and on the east a boggy flat , which at every tide is wholly covered over with waters ; and on the north side , the ve∣ry upright steepness of the place , is a most sufficient defence . certain remains of the
departure , for three hundred years , in the midst of their enemies . for in
that it was rendred unto them by composition . of this place , the territory
was given unto that most noble fami∣ly , in regard of the honourable office of the stewart - ship of the kingdom , as who had the charge of the kings revenues . the said
the eight , considering that he bestowed upon him in marriage his neice , with fair lands . by the means of this hap∣py marriage , were brought into the world
divided as well in it self , as it was heretofore from the rest of the world , and to lay a most sure foundation of an everlasting security , for our heirs and the posterity . as for
who above her sex , so embraced the studies of the best li∣terature , that therein she profited and pro∣ceeded with singular commendation , and comparable with the excellent ladies of old time . when
whereof he stood en∣feoffed , was revoked by parliamentary au∣thority , in the year of our lord 1579 . and his uncle by the fathers side ,
pier∣cing far into the land out of the west and east seas , are divided asunder , that they meet not one with the other .
name , which scarcely could be stayed , set out the marches of the empire in this part of the world farther , although with inrodes they other whiles molested and endamnaged them . but after this glorious expedition of
raised the wall three miles long . but see here the very inscriptions them∣selves , as
imp . caes . tit . —io aelio hadriano anton . aug . pio . p . p . leg . ii . aug . per . m . p . iii . d . cix vis .
strengthened this wall another time , and fortified it with seven castles . lastly , the
they made a turff wall , rearing it not so much with stone as with turfs , ( as having no cunning artificer for so great a piece of work ) and the same to no use , between two firths or arms of the sea , for ma∣ny miles in length : that where the fense of wa∣ter was wanting , there by the help of a wall , they might defend there borders from the inva∣sion of enemies : of which work , that is to say a very broad and high wall , a man may see to this day , most certain and evident remains .
obtained a signal victory . ) and almost two miles lower , there is an ancient round building four and twenty cubits high , and thirteen broad , open in the top , framed of rough stone without lime , having the upper part of every stone so tenanted into the nether , as that the whole work still rising narrow by a mutual interlacing and clasping , upholdeth it self . some call this the temple of
a round house of polished stone , erecting a triumphal arch in memorial of a victory : he re - edified also the wall , and strengthened it with seven castles .
their minority , have been at other times com∣mitted . whereas some there be , that would have the good and lawful money of
shire to be described after . the sheriffship of this shire belongs to the earls of
such as the northern nations for the most part are ; who by reason of the rigorous cold of the air , are more rough and fierce , and for their abundance of blood , more bold and ad∣venturous . moreover , beside the position of the climat , this is furthered by the na∣ture and condition of the soil , which riseth up all throughout , with rough and rugged mountains ; and mountainers , verily all men know and confess to be hardy , stout , and strong . but whereas
than this of our ; although ours may also justly challenge unto it self this commendation . among this was the wood
that it was thought there , they were brought thi∣ther within iron grates and cages . but this term and name
we brittain dames have to do with the bravest and best men , and you roman ladies with e∣very lewd base companion secretly .
to which the reader is referred . there is also now in the press , the manuscript of the judicious and learned mr .
shooteth out far into the east . this land yieldeth plenty of corn and forrage , yea and of pit coals : the sea , besides other fishes , affordeth oysters and and shell - fish in great abundance , and the coasts are well bespread with pretty townlets , replenished with stout and lusty mariners . in the south side hereof by
castle , the seat of a noble family , bearing the same sir∣name . the laird of
to succeed her in that dignity . from hence the shore draweth back with a crooked and wiuding tract un∣to
that it should be the chief and mother of all churches in the picts kingdom .
doctors of the civil law , publickly professed here good literature , laid the foundation of an university : which now , for happy increase of learned men , for three colledges and the kings professors in them , is become highly renowned . hard by there loseth it self into the sea
king , when he is to be crowned in his chair , and to lead the vant - guard in his army ; and if any of them should happen by casualty to kill either gentleman or commoner , to buy it out with a piece of money . not far from
heifer , should be quit of man∣slaughter . when his posterity lost this ti∣tle and priviledge , is uncertain ; but it appear∣eth , that king
the kings eldest son to be most pitifully famished to death , which is the highest extremity of all misery . but his son
should be united unto the crown for ever . but the authority of the sheriff of
was a lord of the session , and one of the octavians of the thesaury , & secre∣tary before k .
in the year 1648 , whose honour is not now claimed by any . lieutenant general
his son being deceased without heirs male , the grand . child is married to mr .
the worst emperour , marched with victorious armies in the third year of his warlike expeditions , having wasted and spoiled the nations hitherto . near the out∣let of
the third ; took to him a wife out of that li∣nage : for the women of this race , have for their singular beauty , and well favoured sweet countenance , won the prize from all others , insomuch as they have been the kings most a∣miable paramours . baron
his great grand - child , who was an extraordi∣nar lord of the session , justice general , and chancellor to k .
had been quite extinguished , but that the chief of that house left his wife behind him great with child . the precedency of
nectane king of the picts gave unto god and st . brigid until the day of doom , together with the bounds thereof , which ly from a stone in abertrent , unto a stone near to carfull ,
the first took away the earldom as escheated ; after that , he understood out of the records of the kingdom , that it was given unto his mothers grand - father , and the hirs male of his body . this territory , the barons
president of the council , ranked before the l . privy seal ; it is report∣ed , that being vain of the title of
the sixth was the first , who as great or high commissioner , did repre∣sent the kings person in the parliament 1604 , as distinguished from several noblemen and gentlemen , appointed commissioners by the king under the quarter seal , to meet at the dyet of parliament , and to continue the same to a furder time , and to see the solem∣nities constituting the parliament performed , the first day of its sitting ; which form was constantly observed , till the year 1640 . this earls grand - child
actions there , and several noble and antient families inhabiting it . i return to the cross of
medals have been found , and from that there is a great mercat - road lead∣eth towards st .
dis manibus antonius daimonius cohortis i . legionis xvii . hispanorum heredes . f . c .
the country runneth out in length and breadth , all mangled with fishful pools , and in some places with rising mountains , very commo∣dious for feeding of cattel ; in which also there range up and down wild kine and red deer : but along the shore it is more un∣pleasant in sight , what with rocks , and what with blackish barren mountains . in this part , as
either through friendship , or by dint of sword , planted their seat amongst them which they still hold . of whom , their leader they are to this very day called dalreudini : for in their language ,
the fourth by authority of the states of the king∣dom , enacted a law . but the earls them∣selves have in some cases their royalties , as being men of very great command and au∣thority ,
( betwixt which and it there is a narrow sea , scarce thirteen miles over ) as if it would conjoyn it self .
lying over - against it , there is , in my conceit , some affinity . at this day it is called in the
by so thin a neck ( as being scarce a mile broad , and the same all sandy ) that the mariners find it the nearer way to convey their small vessels over it by land . which i hope a man may sooner believe , than that the
ano∣ther lake running into the east sea , but that certain mountains between kept them with a very little partition asunder . the chiefest place of name in this tract is
are joyned in one these coun∣tries and those beyond them , in the year of our lords incarnation 655 . the
is better known for the dukes thereof , than for any good gifts that the soil yieldeth .
that was heir to the crown . but the punishment due for this wicked fact , which himself by the long sufferance of god self not , his son
suffered most grievously , being condemned for treason and beheaded , when he had seen his two sons the day before executed in the same manner . the third duke of
chanced to be wound∣ed with a piece of shattered launce , & so di∣ed . his son
their bodies be firmly made and well compact , able withal and strong , nimble of foot , high min∣ded , inbread and nuzzeled in warlike exer∣cises , or robberies rather , and upon a dead∣ly feud and hatred , most forward and des∣perat to take revenge . they go attired
they commit such cruel outrages , what with robbing , spoilling and killing , that their savage cruelty hath forced a law to be enacted , whereby it is lawful , that if any person , out of any one clan or kindred of theirs hath trespassed ought , and done harm , whosoever of that clan or linage chance to be taken , he shall either make amends for the harms , or else suffer death for it ; when as the whole clan commonly beareth feud for any hurt received by any one member thereof , by execution of laws , order of ju∣stice , or otherwise . sir
issueth : and first run∣reth amain through the fields , until that spreading broad into a lake full of islands , he restraineth and keepeth in his course . then gathering himself narrow within his banks into a channel , and watering
dread∣ful to see , for the sundry turnings and win∣dings in and out therein , for the hideous hor∣rour of dark shades , for the burrows and dens of wild bulls with thick manes ( where∣of i made mention heretofore ) extended it self in old time far and wide every way in these parts . as for the places herein , they are of no great account , but the earls thereof are very memorable .


xerocrassa molinae is a species of air-breathing land snail , a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family hygromiidae , the hairy snails and their allies .

this species is endemic to spain , where it is restricted to the islands of columbrete grande ( illa grossa ) and mancolibre ( columbretes islands group ) .

xerocrassa molinae

information on xerocrassa molinae is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
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xerocrassa molinae is classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
hygromiidae » xerocrassa molinae , id : 815639 , shell detail « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : amandana molinae ( j . g . hidalgo , 1883 ) - id : 5814000050
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : this species is endemic to two columbretes islands and has a very restricted range ( extent of occurrence = 14 km 2 and area of occupancy = 14 km 2 ) . the islands are protected areas and the population is thought to be increasing . currently , there are no major threats to this species , however , fires or stochastic events could affect this species and lead it to extinction . the species is therefore listed as near threatened .
this species is endemic to spain , where it is restricted to the columbretes islands ( castellón province ) to two islands : columbrete grande ( l ' illa grossa ) and mancolibre .
there has been a slight increase in the population of this species since the islands they inhabit have been protected .
this species lives in exposed places on the stems of bushes and under stones .
potential threats to this species include fires , depredation by rats and birds and tourism .
this species is currently abundant on the columbrete islands but the habitat is fragile and a plan of conservation and the inclusion of this species in protected species catalogues is recommended . the specific status of this taxon should be investigate as it is possible that it was introduced to the columbrete islands from the pine islands ( balearic islands ) .
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hidalgo , j . g . 1883 . description de deux espèces nouvelles d ' helix . - journal de conchyliologie 31 : 56 - 58 , pl . ii [ = 2 ] . paris .
shell horny coloured with transparent dark and whitish bands and dashes ( or whitish with horny transparent spots , or brown with white spots ) , finely striated , last whorl not always rounded at the periphery , umbilicus narrow , aperture inside with a thin lip .
endemic species of columbretes islands . threatened by fires . since the islands have been protected , the number of populations has increased ( martínez - ortí & robles 2003 ) . red list spain 2001 : sensitive to habitat change ( gómez moliner et al . 2001 ) . red list spain 2006 : vulnerable ( verdú & galante 2006 ) .
references : westerlund 1889 : 259 , gómez moliner et al . 2001 : 148 , martínez - ortí & robles 2003 : 135 , puente et al . in verdú & galante 2006 : 387 , urltoken ( 3 - 2008 ) , welter - schultes 2012 : 524 ( range map ) .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
alberto martinez - ortí departamento de zoologia . facultad de ciencias biológicas . universitat de valència . av . dr . moliner , 50 . 46100 burjassot , valencia spain tel : 0034670342546 amorti @ urltoken
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bank , r . a . ; neubert , e . ( 2017 ) . checklist of the land and freshwater gastropoda of europe . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
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