bombus melanopygus , the black-tailed bumble bee , black tail bumble bee or orange-rumped bumblebee , is a species of bumblebee .

it is native to western north america from british columbia to california , and as far east as idaho .

bombus melanopygus

for further information about this species , see 44937809 _ bombus _ melanopygus . pdf .
bombus edwardsii is a subspecies of bombus melanopygus that lives is most of california and southern oregon . bombus melanopygus lives along the border of northern california up into alaska and across into alberta and down into utah .
a black - tailed bumble bee , bombus bombus melanopygus , foraging on westringia in vallejo . ( photo by kathy keatley garvey )
typical specimens of the nominate forms of bombus edwardsii cresson , bombus . melanopygus nylander , and bombus sylvicola kirby ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . high quality figures are available online .
© copyright source / photographer · 5 bombus melanopygus , back , f , mariposa ca - - - .
© copyright source / photographer · 5 bombus melanopygus , face , f , mariposa ca - - - .
© copyright source / photographer · 5 bombus melanopygus , right , f , mariposa ca - - - .
descriptions of bombus melanopygus and b . edwardsii taken from franklin ( 1913 ) and stephen ( 1957 ) .
bumble bee , bombus melanopygus , foraging in manzanita on feb . 12 . ( photo by allan jones )
the bumble bee , bombus melanopygus , sips nectar from a lavender blossom . ( photo by kathy keatley garvey )
plot of the first two canonical scores for bombus melanopygus and bombus edwardsii ( hymenoptera : apidae ) only . r = red b . melanopygus from oregon and california , b = black b . edwardsii from oregon and california , m = b . melanopygus from alberta . high quality figures are available online .
check out the pollen on this black - tailed bumble bee , bombus bombus melanopygus , foraging on westringia in vallejo . ( photo by kathy keatley garvey )
© copyright source / photographer · 5 bombus melanopygus , f , face , san francisco , ca - - - .
this female female bumble bee , bombus melanopygus , packed a large pollen load . ( photo by allan jones . )
bumble bee , bombus melanopygus , takes flight over a manzanita on feb . 12 . ( photo by allan jones )
plot of the first two canonical scores for bombus sylvicola ( s ) , the alberta bombus melanopygus ( m ) , and the anomalous alberta b . melanopygus ( “mel x” ) ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . high quality figures are available online .
figure 8 . adult black - tailed bumble bee , bombus melanopygus . photograph by bob hammon , colorado state university , urltoken .
plot of the first two canonical scores for the total data set . s = bombus sylvicola ( hymenoptera : apidae ) , r = red bombus melanopygus from oregon and california , b = black bombus edwardsii from oregon and california , m = b . melanopygus from alberta . high quality figures are available online .
and then he found another melanopygus . it was a three - in - one day .
a male b . melanopygus sipping nectar from thick - leafed yerba santa ( eriodictyon crassifolium ) .
matthew p . kweskin ( 1997 - 03 - 31 ) .
the bumblebees of evergreen : bombus melanopygus
. the evergreen state college .
it ' s off to another blossom . a male bumble bee , bombus melanopygus , heads for more nectar . ( photo by kathy keatley garvey )
a male three - banded bumble bee , bombus melanopygus , on manzanita on jan . 27 in the uc davis arboretum . ( photo by allan jones )
bombus melanopygus edwardsii is a vary early bumblebee that works furiously polluting arctostaphylos species , ribes species , ( native gooseberries and currants ) and some cultivated plum varieties .
- 1993 b . bombus villarricaensis is but a junior synonym of bombus ruderatus . entomologische berichten 53 : 38 .
locations where queens of the taxa were collected in 1988 . specimens of bombus edwardsii and bombus melanopygus ( hymenoptera : apidae ) were collected in california and oregon from 13 february - 03 march . specimens of b . sylvicola and b . melanopygus were collected in southern alberta from 16 april - 16 june . high quality figures are available online .
close - up of a male three - banded bumble bee , bombus melanopygus , on manzanita on jan . 27 in the uc davis arboretum . ( photo by allan jones )
a honey bee and a bumble bee , bombus melanopygus , head for the same patch of lavender . this image was taken in vacaville , calif . ( photo by kathy keatley garvey )
owen , r . e , and r . c . plowright . 1980 . abdominal pile color dimorphism in the bumble bee , bombus melanopygus . journal of heredity 71 : 241 - 247 .
owen , r . e . & plowright , r . c . 1980 . abdominal pile color dimorphism in the bumble bee , bombus melanopygus . journal of heredity 71 : 241 - 247 .
suddenly out of no where , there ' s a flash of yellow and black . a black - tailed bumble bee , bombus melanopygus , buzzes by our camera and heads for the westringia .
in this photo , you can see the bumble bee ' s tongue or proboscis , as it sips nectar from lavender . this is a male bombus melanopygus . ( photo by kathy keatley garvey )
right forewing of a bombus melanopygus ( hymenoptera : apidae ) queen ( mel–08 ) . the distance to point e from each of the other 13 points was measured . high quality figures are available online .
owen , r . e . , whidden , t . l . & plowright , r . c . 2010 . genetic and morphometric evidence for the conspecific status of the bumble bees , bombus melanopygus and bombus edwardsii . journal of insect science 10 : 1 - 18 .
owen r . e . , whidden t . l . , plowright r . c . ( 2010 ) . genetic and morphometric evidence for the conspecific status of the bumble bees , bombus melanopygus and bombus edwardsii . j . insect science 10 : 109 . ( full text )
at 2 : 02 today ( friday , jan . 27 ) naturalist and insect photographer allan jones of davis alerted us :
two bombus melanopygus on manzanita just east of the redwood grove ( uc davis arboretum ) .
a black - tailed bumble bee , bombus melanopygus , peers at the photographer . this one buzzed into robbin thorp ' s office at uc davis on valentine ' s day , feb . 14 . ( photo by kathy keatley garvey )
owen , r . e . , t . l . whidden , and r . c . plowright . 2010 . genetic and morphometric evidence for the conspecific status of the bumble bees , bombus melanopygus and bombus edwardsii . journal of insect science 10 : 109 . available online : insectscience . org / 10 . 109
- 1931 . über bombus und psithyrus . konowia 10 : 300 - 304 .
so today , jones won . he headed over to
two beautiful manzanitas
near the off - ramps at russell and route 113 , davis , and spotted both the yellow - faced bumble bee , bombus vosnesenskii , and the three - banded bumble bee , bombus melanopygus . he captured these images ( below ) at noon .
bombus melanopygus is the kind of bee that lingers not . one minute you see it , the next minute , it ' s gone . it knows what it needs , where to get it , and how long to stay to elude those predatory wasps .
59 pp . , bombus ( 19 species ) and psithyrus insularis only . no images .
erlandsson , a . 1979 . bombus canariensis pérez , 1895 n . stat and bombus maderensis n . sp . from the macaronesian islands . entomologica scandinavica 10 : 187 - 192 .
- 1912 . zur synonymie der bombus - arten . deutsche entomologische zeitschrift 1911 : 684 .
193 pp . contains descriptions of 20 species and subspecies of bombus and 3 species of psithyrus in colorado , also a key to males and females to colorado bombus and psithyrus . no images .
- 1877 . bombus mocsáryi n . sp . stettiner entomologische zeitung 38 : 253 - 254 .
an early bombus sighting ! photographer allan jones of davis grabbed this shot of a yellow - faced bumble bee , bombus vosnesenskii , in manzanitas on feb . 12 . ( photo by allan jones )
- 1880 . unsere hummel - ( bombus ) arten . der naturhistoriker 2 : 40 - 41 .
- 1911 . neue varietäten von bombus , iii . deutsche entomologische zeitschrift 1911 : 571 - 572 .
- 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species : bombus franklini . iucn urltoken accessed 2008 ] .
smissen , j . van der & rasmont , p . 1999 . bombus semenoviellus skorikov 1910 , eine für westeuropa neue hummelart ( hymenoptera : bombus , cullumanobombus ) . bembix 13 : 21 - 24 .
insect photographer and naturalist allan jones of davis discovered and photographed three bombus melanopygus foraging on manzanita on jan . 27 in the uc davis arboretum . in doing so , he won the science - based , friendly competition among a small group of bumble bee enthusiasts in yolo and solano counties searching for the first bumble bee of the year .
bombus melanopygus , also known as the black - tailed honey bee , is among the bumble bees featured in the book , bumble bees of north america : an identification guide ( princeton university ) , the award - winning work of paul h . williams , robbin w . thorp , leif l . richardson and sheila r . colla .
- 1909 . neue varietäten von bombus ( hym . ) . deutsche entomologische zeitschrift 1909 : 673 - 676 .
- 2001 . large numbers of bombus soroeensis in northern scotland , 2000 . bwars newsletter spring 2001 : 5 .
- 1883 . neue russisch - asiatische bombus - arten . trudy russkago éntomologicheskago obshchestva 17 : 235 - 245 .
pawlikowski , t . 1994 . the distribution of bombus schrencki mor . in poland . melissa 7 : 11 .
the color patterns of typical bombus melanopygus ( left ) , bombus sylvicola ( right ) , and the intermediate form ( middle ) as found in the kananaskis river valley in alberta . in the illustration , black = black pile on the bee , ferruginous ( red ) = crosshatching , yellow = vertical hatching , and admixture of yellow and black ( which gives a “dusky” appearance ) = stippling . clear = bare . high quality figures are available online .
plowright , c . m . s . , plowright , r . c . & williams , p . h . 1997 . replacement of bombus muscorum by bombus pascuorum in northern britain ? canadian entomologist 129 : 985 - 990 .
pamilo , p . , varvio - aho , s . - l . & pekkarinen , a . 1984 . genetic variation in bumblebees ( bombus , psithyrus ) and putative sibling species of bombus lucorum . hereditas 101 : 245 - 251 .
- 1980 . the taxonomic status of bombus franklini ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . canadian entomologist 112 : 475 - 479 .
the classification count generated by the discriminant analysis using just the nominate melanopygus and edwardsii . this shows how accurately the discriminant functions classify the observations , and if classification is perfect then there will be zeros on the off - diagonals ( hintze 1996 ) .
other considerations : mcfrederick and lebuhn ( 2005 ) found abundance of b . melanopygus to be unaffected by that of the superabundant b . vosnesenskii . they suggest this could be because b . melanopygus can nest either below ground ( often old rodent nests ) or above ground , e . g . in old bird nests and so is less affected by competition from that species than are species that nest only below ground . however , in the san francisco area they found this species only in study sites with ceanothus thrysiflorus .
- 1903 . neue bombus - arten aus der neotropischen region . zeitschrift für systematische hymenopterologie und dipterologie 3 : 253 - 255 .
- 1883 . sur quelques espèces russes appartenant au genre bombus . byulleten ' moskovskogo obshchestva ispytatelei prirody 58 : 168 - 226 .
rasmont , p . , terzo , m . , aytekin , a . m . , hines , h . , urbanova , k . , cahlikova , l . , & valterova , i . 2005 . cephalic secretions of the bumblebee subgenus sibiricobombus vogt suggest bombus niveatus kriechbaumer and bombus vorticosus gerstaecker are conspecific ( hymenoptera , apidae , bombus ) . apidologie 36 : 571 - 584 .
- 1969 . the identity of bombus vandykei ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . pan - pacific entomologist 45 : 87 - 96 .
- 1982 . hymenoptera : apidae - bombus . in : insects of xizang . volume ii , pp . 427 - 447 .
the black - tailed bumble bee , native to north america , is one of only 250 species worldwide in the genus bombus .
scholl , a . , obrecht , e . & owen , r . e . 1990 . the genetic relationship between bombus moderatus cresson and the bombus lucorum auct . species complex ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . canadian journal of zoology 68 : 2264 - 2268 .
höppner , h . 1897 . ueber die bei freissenbüttel vorkommenden farbenvarietäten des bombus soroensis f . entomologisches nachrichtenblatt 23 : 329 - 331 .
macdonald , m . 1999 . a contribution to the bombus magnus / lucorum debate . bwars newsletter 1999 ( 2 ) : 9 .
- 1884 . révision des armures copulatrices des mâles du genre bombus . byulletin ' moskovskogo obshchestva ispytatelei prirody 59 : 51 - 92 .
schremmer , f . 1972 . beobachtungen zum paarungsverhalten der männchen von bombus confusus schenck . zeitschrift für tierpsychologie 31 : 503 - 512 .
- 1985 . apidae - bombus . in : [ organisms of the tumuefeng region of tienshan ] , pp . 160 - 165 .
williams , p . h . & hernandez , l . m . 2000 . distinguishing females of the bumble bees bombus ruderatus ( f . ) from bombus hortorum ( l . ) in britain : a preliminary application of quantitative techniques . london . [ article pdf ]
- 1882 . bemerkungen zur gattung bombus latr . , ii . bericht des naturwissenschaftlich - medizinischen vereins in innsbruck 12 : 14 - 31 .
smith , f . 1844 . notes on the british humble - bees ( bombus of authors ) . zoologist 2 : 541 - 550 .
- 1987 . bombus . in f . - s . huang : forest insects of yunnan , pp . 1378 - 1381 . yunnan .
- 1988 . habitat use by bumble bees ( bombus spp . ) . ecological entomology 13 : 223 - 237 . [ article pdf ]
- 2000 . are bombus lucorum and magnus separate species ? bwars newsletter spring 2000 ( 1 ) : 15 - 17 . [ article ]
gene frequency cline in bombus melanopygus ( hymenoptera : apidae ) in oregon and california . pie diagrams give the relative frequency of the r ( red ) allele ( clear portions ) and the r ( black ) allele ( shaded portions ) . the sample size ( n ) at each location represents the combined total of queen bees collected in 1978 , 1979 , 1980 , 1981 , and 1988 . high quality figures are available online .
evans , w . 1901 . the pale variety of bombus smithianus , white , in scotland . entomologist ' s monthly magazine 37 : 47 .
- 1881 . die russischen bombus - arten in der sammlung der kaiserlichen academie der wissenschaften . izvêstiya imperatorskoi akademii nauk 27 : 213 - 265 .
scholl , a . , thorp , r . w . & obrecht , e . 1992 . the genetic relationship between bombus franklini ( frison ) and other taxa of the subgenus bombus s . str . ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . pan - pacific entomologist 68 : 46 - 51 .
- 1992 a . bombus villarricaensis , a new garden bumblebee from southern chile ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . entomologische berichten 52 : 133 - 136 .
- 1992 b . bombus xelajuensis - a new species of bumblebee from guatemala ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . entomologische berichten 52 : 162 - 164 .
- 1916 . über einige neue hummelformen ( bombus ) , besonders aus asien ( hym . ) . deutsche entomologische zeitschrift 1916 : 107 - 110 .
haas , a . 1976 . paarungsverhalten und nestbau der alpinen hummelart bombus mendax ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . entomologica germanica 3 : 248 - 259 .
quilis - pérez , m . 1927 . los apidos de españa género bombus latr . anales del instituto nacionale , valencia 15 : 1 - 119 .
- 1970 . is bombus inexspectatus ( tkalcu ) a workerless obligate parasite ? ( hym . apidae ) . insectes sociaux 17 : 95 - 112 .
- 1993 a . a note on bombus rohweri with a description of the queen ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . entomologische berichten 53 : 32 - 34 .
- 1984 . les bourdons du genre bombus latreille sensu stricto en europe occidentale et centrale ( hymenoptera , apidae ) . spixiana 7 : 135 - 160 .
- 1995 . bombus menchuae - a second species of the subgenus dasybombus from highland guatemala ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . entomologische berichten 55 : 47 - 50 .
kruseman , g . 1952 . subgeneric division of the genus bombus latr . transactions of the 9th international congress of entomology , amsterdam 1 : 101 - 103 .
labougle , j . m . 1990 . bombus of méxico and central america ( hymenoptera , apidae ) . kansas university science bulletin 54 : 35 - 73 .
- 2000 . observations on bombus soroeensis ( fabr . ) ( hym . , apidae ) in northern scotland . the scottish naturalist 112 : 45 - 53 .
mortimer , c . h . 1922 . a new british bombus , nigrescens ( pérez ) , from sussex . entomologist ' s monthly magazine 58 : 16 .
- 1931 a . some notes on the humble - bees allied to bombus alpinus , l . tromsø museums årshefter 50 ( 1927 ) : 1 - 32 .
- 1986 . environmental change and the distributions of british bumble bees ( bombus latr . ) . bee world 67 : 50 - 61 . [ article pdf ]
yalden , p . e . 1983 . foraging population size and distribution of bombus monticola in the peak district , england . naturalist 108 : 139 - 147 .
yasumatsu , k . 1934 . eine neue , bombus ignitus ähnliche schmarotzerhummel aus korea ( hymenoptera , bombidæ ) . annotationes zoologicae japonensis 14 : 399 - 403 .
carvell , c . 2002 . habitat use and conservation of bumblebees ( bombus spp . ) under different grassland management regimes . biological conservation 103 : 33 - 49 .
pekkarinen , a . & kaarnama , e . 1994 . bombus terrestris auct . new to finland ( hymenoptera , apidae ) . sahlbergia 1 : 11 - 13 .
pendlebury , h . m . 1923 . four new species of bombus from the malay peninsula . journal of the federated malay states museums 11 : 64 - 67 .
peters , g . 1972 . ursachen für den rückgang der seltenen heimishchen hummelarten ( hym . , bombus et psithyrus ) . entomologische berichte 1972 : 85 - 90 .
- 1935 . bombus muscorum ( linnaeus ) and b . smithianus white ( hym . ) . transactions of the society for british entomology 2 : 73 - 85 .
starr , c . k . 1989 . bombus folsomi and the origin of philippine bumble bees ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . systematic entomology 14 : 411 - 415 .
cresson , e . t . 1863 . list of the north american species of bombus and apathus . proceedings of the entomological society of philadelphia 2 : 83 - 116 .
- 1982 . morphology and specific status of bombus lapponicus ( fabricius ) and b . monticola smith ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . entomologica scandinavica 13 : 41 - 46 .
vollenhoven , s . c . snellen van 1873 . description d ' un bombus nouveau de l ' îsle de sumatra . tijdschrift voor entomologie 16 : 229 - 230 .
- 1971 . the author and date of certain subgeneric names in bombus latreille ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . journal of entomology ( b ) 40 : 27 - 29 .
lecocq , t . , lhomme , p . , michez , d . , dellicour , s . , valterrova , i . & rasmont , p . 2011 . molecular and chemical characters to evaluate species status of two cuckoo bumblebees : bombus barbutellus and bombus maxillosus ( hymenoptera , apidae , bombini ) . systematic entomology 36 : 453 - 469 .
- 1877 b . essai d ' une nouvelle méthode pour faciliter la détermination des espèces appartenant au genre bombus . byulleten ' moskovskogo obshchestva ispytatelei prirody 52 : 169 - 219 .
scholl , a . & obrecht , e . 1983 . enzymelektrophoretische untersuchungen zur artabgrenzung im bombus lucorum - komplex ( apidae , bombini ) . apidologie 14 : 65 - 78 .
svensson , b . g . 1973 . morphological studies on the two scandinavian subspecies of bombus lapponicus fabricius ( hym . apidae ) . entomologisk tidskrift 94 : 140 - 147 .
carvell , c . 2002 . habitat use and conservation of bumblebees ( bombus spp . ) under different grasslands management regimes . biological conservation 103 ( 1 ) : 33 - 49 .
- 1988 . sobre bombus ( megabombus ) reinigiellus ( rasmont , 1983 ) ( hym . , apidae ) . boletín de la asociación española de entomología 12 : 281 - 289 .
müller , a . 2006 . a scientific note on bombus inexspectatus ( tkalcu , 1963 ) : evidence for a social parasitic mode of life . apidologie 37 : 1 - 2 .
pekkarinen , a . 1979 . morphometric , colour and enzyme variation in bumblebees ( hymenoptera , apidae , bombus ) in fennoscandia and denmark . acta zoologica fennica 158 : 60 pp .
pekkarinen , a . & teräs , i . 1993 . zoogeography of bombus and psithyrus in northwestern europe ( hymenoptera , apidae ) . annales zoologici fennici 30 : 187 - 208 .
- 1970 . the type locality of bombus franklini and notes on putative arizona records of other bombini ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . pan - pacific entomologist 46 : 177 - 180 .
arretz , p . v . & macfarlane , r . p . 1982 . the introduction of bombus ruderatus to chile for red clover pollination . bee world 67 : 15 - 22 .
dalla torre , k . w . von 1879 . bermerkungen zur gattung bombus latr . i . bericht der naturwissenschaftlich - medizinischen vereins in innsbruck 8 ( 1877 ) : 3 - 21 .
faester , k . & hammer , k . 1970 . systematik der mittel - und nordeuropäischen bombus und psithyrus ( hym . , apidae ) . entomologiske meddelelser 38 : 257 - 302 .
- 1935 . on the variation of bombus lapidarius l . and its cuckoo , psithyrus rupestris fabr . , with notes on mimetic similarity . journal of genetics 30 : 321 - 356 .
- 1968 . the subgeneric divisions of the genus bombus latreille ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) ( entomology ) 22 : 209 - 276 .
- 1988 . hymenoptera : apidae - genus bombus . in f . - s . huang : insects of mt . namjagbarwa region of xizang , pp . 553 - 557 . beijing .
- 1995 . phylogenetic relationships among bumble bees ( bombus latr . ) : a reappraisal of morphological evidence . systematic entomology 19 ( 1994 ) : 327 - 344 . [ article pdf ]
amiet , f . 1996 . hymenoptera apidae , 1 . teil . allgemeiner teil , gattungsschlüssel , die gattungen apis , bombus und psithyrus . insecta helvetica ( fauna ) 12 : 98 pp .
asperen de boer , j . r . j . van 1990 . bombus krusemani - a new bumblebee species from guatemala ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . entomologische berichten 50 : 1 - 3 .
bertsch , a . , habré de angelis , m . & przemeck , g . k . h . 2010b . a phylogenetic framework for the north american bumblebee species of the subgenus bombus sensu stricto ( bombus affinis , b . franklini , b . moderatus , b . occidentalis & b . terricola ) based on mitochondrial dna markers . beiträge zur entomologie 60 , 229 - 242 .
menke , a . s . & carpenter , j . 1984 . nuclearbombus , new subgenus ( or how to eliminate bumblebee subgenera and learn to love bombus ) . sphecos 9 : 28 .
meunier , f . 1890 . description d ' une espèce nouvelle ou peu connue de bombus d ' ecuador . jornal de sciencias mathematicas , physicas e naturaes ( 2 ) 2 : 66 .
skorikov , a . s . 1910 a . [ bombus mendax gerst . and its variations ( hymenoptera , bombidae ) . ] russkoe éntomologicheskoe obozrênie 9 ( 1909 ) : 328 - 330 .
williams , p . h . 1982 . the distribution and decline of british bumble bees ( bombus latr . ) . journal of apicultural research 21 : 236 - 245 . [ article pdf ]
hobbs , g . a . 1967 . ecology of species of bombus latr . ( hymenoptera : apidae ) in southern alberta . vi . subgenus pyrobombus . canadian entomologist 99 : 1271 - 1292 .
løken , a . 1961 . bombus consobrinus dahlb . , an oligolectic bumble bee ( hymenoptera , apidae ) . transactions of the xi international congress of entomology , vienna 1 : 598 - 603 .
hobbs , g . a . 1965 . ecology of species of bombus latr . ( hymenoptera : apidae ) in southern alberta . ii . subgenus bombias robt . canadian entomologist 97 : 120 - 128 .
hobbs , g . a . 1966 . ecology of species of bombus latr . ( hymenoptera : apidae ) in southern alberta . iv . subgenus fervidobombus skorikov . canadian entomologist 98 : 33 - 39 .
- 1996 . opinion 1828 . apis terrestris linnaeus , 1758 , a . muscorum linnaeus , 1758 and a . lucorum linnaeus , 1761 ( currently bombus terrestris , b . muscorum and b . lucorum ) and bombus humilis illiger , 1806 ( insecta , hymenoptera ) : specific names conserved , and neotypes designated for b . terrestris and b . muscorum . bulletin of zoological nomenclature 53 : 64 - 65 .
moure , j . s . & sakagami , s . f . 1962 . as mamangabas sociais do brasil ( bombus latreille ) ( hymenoptera , apoidea ) . studia entomologica 5 : 65 - 194 .
- 1997 . bumblebees fauna of turkey with distribution maps ( hymenoptera : apidae : bombinae ) part 1 : alpigenobombus skorikov , bombias robertson and bombus latreille . türkiye entomoloji dergisi 21 : 37 - 56 .
- 1970 . bastardierungszonen und mischpopulationen bei hummeln ( bombus ) und schmarotzerhummeln ( psithyrus ) . ( hymenopt . , apidae ) . mitteilungen der münchener entomologischen gesellschaft 59 ( 1969 ) : 1 - 89 .
- 1972 . ökologische studien an mittel - und südosteuropäischen hummeln ( bombus latr . , 1802 ; hym . , apidae ) . mitteilungen der münchner entomologischen gesellschaft 60 ( 1970 ) : 1 - 56 .
richards , k . w . 1973 . biology of bombus polaris curtis and b . hyperboreus schönherr at lake hazen , northwest territories ( hymenoptera : bombini ) . quaestiones entomologicae 9 : 115 - 157 .
sladen , f . w . l . 1912 . the humble - bee , its life history and how to domesticate it , with descriptions of all the british species of bombus and psithyrus . london .
varela , g . 1992 . nota preliminar sobre la fenologia del nido de bombus bellicosus smith , 1879 ( hymenoptera , apoidea ) . bol soc zool uruguay ( 2 ) 7 : 53 - 56 .
labougle , j . m . & ayala , r . 1985 . a new subgenus and species of bombus ( hymenoptera : apidae ) from guerrero , mexico . folia entomológica mexicana 66 : 47 - 55 .
sakagami , s . f . , akahira , y . & zucchi , r . 1967 . nest architecture and brood development in a neotropical bumblebee , bombus atratus . insectes sociaux 14 : 389 - 414 .
schmiedeknecht , h . l . o . 1878 . monographie der in thüringen vorkommenden arten der hymenopteren - gattung bombus mit einer allgemeinen einleitung in dieses genus . jenaische zeitschrift für naturwissenschaft 12 : 303 - 430 .
two things about b . melanopygus . they , of all the bbees in the pnw , are the most likely to use an above - ground nest box , including abandoned filled birdhouses . they are also the earliest of all the bbees around here , overwintering queens emerging to forage even on warm january and february days . by now these bbees are almost finished with their nesting cycle ; their cycle seems closely tied to rhododendron flowering .
goulson , d . & williams , p . 2001 . bombus hypnorum ( hymenoptera : apidae ) , a new british bumblebee ? british journal of entomology and natural history 14 : 129 - 131 . [ article ]
løken , a . , pekkarinen , a . & rasmont , p . 1994 . case 2638 . apis terrestris linnaeus , 1758 , a . muscorum linnaeus , 1758 and a . lucorum linnaeus , 1761 ( currently bombus terrestris , b . muscorum and b . lucorum ) and bombus humilis illiger , 1806 ( insecta , hymenoptera ) : proposed conservation of usage of the specific names . bulletin of zoological nomenclature 51 : 232 - 236 .
- 1971 . a monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees ( hymenoptera : apidae ; bombinae ) . i . the genera bombus and megabombus subgenus bombias . memoirs of the entomological society of canada 82 : 1 - 80 .
plowright , r . c . & stephen , w . p . 1973 . a numerical taxonomic analysis of the evolutionary relationships of bombus and psithyrus ( apidae : hymenoptera ) . canadian entomologist 105 : 733 - 743 .
- 1929 c . a revision of the humble - bees allied to bombus orientalis , smith , with the description of a new subgenus . annals and magazine of natural history ( 10 ) 3 : 378 - 386 .
williams , p . h . & cameron , s . a . 1993 . bumble bee ( bombus latr . ) records from the valley of flowers , uttar pradesh . bulletin of entomology 31 : 125 - 127 .
koch , j . b . and j . p . strange . 2012 . the status of bombus occidentalis and b . moderatus in alaska with special focus on nosema bombi incidence . northwest science 86 : 212 - 220 .
- 1934 . entomologische ergebnisse der deutsch - russischen alai - pamir - expedition , 1928 ( iii ) . 7 . hymenoptera viii ( gen . bombus fabr . ) . nachtrag . deutsche entomologische zeitschrift 1933 : 163 - 174 .
stange la , fasulo tr . ( 1998 ) . bombus spp . ( insecta : hymenoptera : apidae ) . university of florida , ifas , entomology and nematology department , featured creatures , eeny - 50 . ( 24 september 2014 )
colla , s . r . & packer , l . 2008 . evidence for decline in eastern north american bumblebees ( hymenoptera : apidae ) , with special focus on bombus affinis cresson . biodiversity and conservation 17 : 1379 - 1391 .
koulianos , s . & schmid - hempel , p . 2000 . phylogenetic relationships among bumble bees ( bombus , latreille ) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase i sequences . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 14 : 335 - 341 .
- 1939 b . bombus ( agrobombus ) bureschi sp . nov . ( hymenopt . , apidae ) , eine neue hummelart von der balkanhalbinsel und einige weitere interessante neue hummelformen . arbeiten der bulgarischen naturforschenden gesellschaft 18 : 1 - 10 .
mcfrederick , q . s . , and g . lebuhn . 2006 . are urban parks refuges for bumble bees bombus spp . ( hymenoptera : apidae ) ? biological conservation 129 ( 3 ) : 372 - 382 [ includes corrigendum ] .
cameron , s . a . , hines , h . m . & williams , p . h . 2007 . a comprehensive phylogeny of the bumble bees ( bombus ) . biological journal of the linnean society 91 : 161 - 188 .
pekkarinen , a . , teräs , i . , viramo , j . & paatela , j . 1981 . distribution of bumblebees ( hymenoptera , apidae : bombus and psithyrus ) in eastern fennoscandia . notulae entomologicae 61 : 71 - 89 .
mcfrederick and lebuhn ( 2005 ) found b . melanopygus edwardsii to be a very distant second to b . vosnesenskii in abundance among bumblebees in urban parks and gardens in san francisco at 2 . 7 % of all bumblebees observed . rao and stephen ( 2010 ) report it as a much more respectable third behind b . vosnesenskii and b . griseocollis at 12 . 55 % of observations on cultivated blueberry flowers ( but zero on red clover ) in the heavily agricultural willamette valley of oregon .
colla , s . , and l . packer . 2008 . evidence for decline in eastern north american bumblebees ( hymenoptera : apidae ) , with special reference to bombus affinis cresson . biodiversity and conservation 17 ( 6 ) : 1379 - 1391 .
evans , e . , r . thorp , s . jepson and s . hoffman - black . 2008 . status review of three formerly common species of bumble bees in the subgenus bombus . the xerces society . 63 pp . accessed at urltoken
figure 7 . adult yellow - faced bumble bee , bombus vosnesenskii . photograph by kevin cole from pacific coast , usa ( en : user : kevinlcole ) - 208 - 12749 . licensed under creative commons attribution 2 . 0 via wikimedia commons .
- 1892 . contribuzioni imenotterologiche . sopra alcune specie nuove o poco conosciute di imenotteri antofili ( generi ctenoplectra , xylocopa , centris , psithyrus , trigona , e bombus ) . bolletino della società entomologica italiana 23 ( 1891 ) : 102 - 119 .
subgenus : pyrobombus . currently bombus
edwardsii
is included in this species and it has been treated as a subspecies or a mere color form which would have no taxonomic standing . the analyses by owen et al . ( 2010 ) support conspecificity .
pamilo , p . , pekkarinen , a . & varvio , s . - l . 1987 . clustering of bumblebee subgenera based on interspecific genetic relationships ( hymenoptera , apidae : bombus and psithyrus ) . annales zoologici fennici 24 : 19 - 27 .
pedersen , b . v . 1996 . a phylogenetic analysis of cuckoo bumblebees ( psithyrus , lepeletier ) and bumblebees ( bombus , latreille ) inferred from sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase i . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 5 : 289 - 297 .
prys - jones , o . e . , ólafsson , e . & kristjánsson , k . 1981 . the icelandic bumble bee fauna ( bombus latr . , apidae ) and its distributional ecology . journal of apicultural research 20 : 189 - 197 .
sheffield , c . s . & williams , p . h . 2011 . discovery of bombus distinguendus ( hymenoptera : apidae ) in continental north america . journal of the entomological society of ontario , 142 : 53 - 56 . [ article pdf ]
comments : subgenus : pyrobombus currently bombus
edwardsii
is included in this species and it has been treated as a subspecies or a mere color form which would have no taxonomic standing . the analyses by owen et al . ( 2010 ) support conspecificity .
else , g . r . 2000 . observations on bombus soroeensis ( f . ) b . humilis illiger and b . muscorum ( l . ) on salisbury plain , wiltshire , in 1998 - 2000 . bwars newsletter autumn 2000 : 5 - 6 .
yarrow , i . h . h . 1955 . bombus ( alpinobombus ) hyperboreus clydensis , n . ssp . , from baffin island , north - west territories , canada . annals and magazine of natural history ( 12 ) 8 : 151 - 152 .
baker , d . b . 1996 a . on a collection of bombus and psithyrus principally from sutherland , with notes on the nomenclature or status of three species ( hymenoptera , apoidea ) . british journal of entomology and natural history 9 : 7 - 19 .
bergström , g . & svensson , b . g . 1973 . studies on natural odoriferous compounds , viii . characteristic marking secretions of the forms lapponicus and scandinavicus of bombus lapponicus fabr . ( hymenoptera , apidae ) . chemica scripta 4 : 231 - 238 .
bertsch , a . , schweer , h . & titze , a . 2004 . discrimination of the bumblebee species bombus lucorum , b . cryptarum and b . magnus by morphological characters and male labial gland secretions . beiträge zur entomologie 54 : 365 - 386 .
hines , h . m . & williams , p . h . 2012 . mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic bombus trifasciatus ( hymenoptera : apidae ) species complex and its comimics . zoological journal of the linnean society , 166 : 805 - 826 .
inoue , m . n . , yokoyama , j . & washitani , i . 2008 . displacement of japanese native bumblebees by the recently introduced bombus terrestris ( l . ) ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . journal of insect conservation 12 : 135 - 146 .
grixti , j . c . , l . t . wong , s . a . cameron , and c . favret . 2009 . decline of bumble bees ( bombus ) in the north american midwest . biological conservation 142 ( 1 ) : 75 - 84 .
laverty , t . m . , plowright , r . c . & williams , p . h . 1984 . digressobombus , a new subgenus with a description of the male of bombus digressus ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . canadian entomologist 116 : 1051 - 1056 .
sakagami , s . f . & zucchi , r . 1965 . winterverhalten einer neotropischen hummel , bombus atratus , innerhalb des beobachtungskastens . ein beitrag zur biologie der hummeln . journal of the faculty of science , hokkaido university ( zoology ) 15 : 712 - 762 .
williams , p . h . , araujo , m . b . , & rasmont , p . 2007 . can vulnerability among british bumblebee ( bombus ) species be explained by niche position and breadth ? biological conservation 138 : 493 - 505 . [ article pdf ]
- 2001 . the colonisation of northern scotland by bombus terrestris ( l . ) and b . lapidarius ( l . ) ( hym . , apidae ) , with comments on the possible role of climate change . entomologist ' s monthly magazine 137 : 1 - 13 .
bertsch , a . 2010 . a phylogenetic framework for the bumblebee species of the subgenus bombus sensu stricto based on mitochondrial dna markers , with a short description of the neglected taxon b . minshanicola bischoff , 1936 n . status . beiträge zur entomologie 60 , 471 - 487 .
labougle , j . m . , ito , m . & okazawa , t . 1985 . the species of the genus bombus ( hymenoptera : apidae ) of chiapas , mexico and guatemala ; with a morphometric and altitudinal analysis . folia entomológica mexicana 64 : 55 - 72 .
matsumura , c . , yokoyama , j . & washitani , i . 2004 . invasion status and potential impacts of an invasive alien bumblebee , bombus terrestris l . ( hymenoptera : apidae ) naturalized in southern hokkaido , japan . global environment research 8 : 51 - 66 .
bertsch , a . , schweer , h . , titze , a . & tanaka , h . 2005 . male labial gland secretions and mitochondrial dna markers support species status of bombus cryptarum and b . magnus ( hymenoptera , apidae ) . insectes sociaux 52 , 45 - 54 .
de meulemeester , t . , aytekin , a . m . , cameron , s . & rasmont , p . 2010 . nest architecture and species status of the bumble bee bombus ( mendacibombus ) shaposhnikovi ( hymenoptera : apidae : bombini ) . apidologie 42 : 301 - 306 .
lectotype for bombus edwardsii cresson , 1878 catalog number : usnm collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of entomology sex / stage : female ; preparation : pinned collector ( s ) : lorquin locality : col . . date : not recorded , california , united states
pamilo , p . , tengö , j . , rasmont , p . , pirhonen , k . , pekkarinen , a . & kaarnama , e . 1997 . pheromonal and enzyme genetic characteristics of the bombus lucorum species complex in northern europe . entomologica fennica 7 : 187 - 194 .
estoup , a . , solignac , m . , cornuet , j . - m . , goudet , j . & scholl , a . 1996 . genetic differentiation of continental and island populations of bombus terrestris ( hymenoptera : apidae ) in europe . molecular ecology 5 : 19 - 31 .
rasmont , p . , copp é e , a . , michez , d . & de meulemeester , t . 2008 . an overview of the bombus terrestris ( l . 1758 ) subspecies ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . annales de la société entomologique de france 44 , 243 - 250 .
williams , p . h . , cameron , s . a . , hines , h . m . , cederberg , b . & rasmont , p . 2008 . a simplified subgeneric classification of the bumblebees ( genus bombus ) . apidologie 39 : 46 - 74 . [ article pdf ]
hines , h . m . , cameron , s . a . & williams , p . h . 2006 . molecular phylogeny of the bumble bee subgenus pyrobombus ( hymenoptera : apidae : bombus ) with insights into gene utility for lower - level analysis . invertebrate systematics 20 : 289 - 303 .
aytekin , a . m . , terzo , m . , rasmont , p . , & cagatay , n . 2007 . landmark based geometric morphometric analysis of wing shape in sibiricobombus vogt ( hymenoptera : apidae : bombus latreille ) . annales de la société entomologique de france 43 : 95 - 102 .
scholl , a . , obrecht , e . & zimmermann , m . 1992 . evidence of hybridization of bombus argillaceus and b . ruderatus ( hymenoptera : apidae ) in a zone of contact in france : enzyme electrophoretic data . proceedings of the xix international congress of entomology , beijing p . 53 .
- 1968 . kirby ' s species of british bees : designation of holotypes and selection of lectotypes . part 1 . introduction and the species of apis linnaeus now included in the genera bombus latreille and psithyrus lepeletier . proceedings of the royal entomological society of london ( b ) 37 : 9 - 15 .
super , p . e . , and a . t . moyer . 2003b . bombus affinis cresson , bumble bee - biodiversity of great smoky mountains national park . in : nps , dlia . 2007 . discover life in america , great smoky mountains national park , gatlinburg , tennessee . online . available : urltoken
santos - junior , j . e . , santos , f . r . & silveira , f . a . 2015 . hitting an unintended target : phylogeography of bombus brasiliensis lepeletier , 1836 and the first new brazilian bumblebee species in a century ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . plos one , 10 : 21 .
kawakita , a . , sota , t . , ascher , j . , ito , m . , tanaka , h . & kato , m . 2003 . evolution and phylogenetic utility of alignment gaps within intron sequences of three nuclear genes in bumble bees ( bombus ) . molecular biology and evolution 20 : 87 - 92 .
rasmont , p . , scholl , a . , de jonghe , r . , obrecht , e . & adamski , a . 1986 . identité et variabilité des mâles de bourdons du genre bombus latreille sensu stricto en europe occidentale et centrale ( hymenoptera , apidae , bombinae ) . revue suisse zoologique 93 , 661 - 682 .
scholl , a . , thorp , r . w . , bishop , j . a . & obrecht , e . 1995 . the taxonomic status of bombus alboanalis franklin and its relationship with other taxa of the subgenus pyrobombus from north america and europe ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . pan - pacific entomologist 71 : 113 - 120 .
scholl , a . , thorp , r . w . , owen , r . e . , & obrecht , e . 1992 . specific distinctness of bombus nevadensis ( cresson ) and b . auricomus ( robertson ) ( hymenoptera : apidae ) - enzyme electrophoretic data . journal of the kansas entomological society 65 : 134 - 140 .
williams , p . h . , an , j . - d . & huang , j . - x . 2011 . the bumblebees of the subgenus subterraneobombus : integrating evidence from morphology and dna barcodes ( hymenoptera , apidae , bombus ) . zoological journal of the linnean society , 163 : 813 - 862 . [ article pdf ]
sianturi , e . m . t . , sota , t . , kato , m . , salmah , s . & dahelmi 1995 . nest structure , colony composition and foraging activity of a tropical - montane bumblebee , bombus senex ( hymenoptera : apidae ) , in west sumatra . japanese journal of entomology 63 : 657 - 667 .
terzo , m . , urbanova , k . , valterova , i . & rasmont , p . 2005 . intra and interspecific variability of the cephalic labial glands ' secretions in male bumblebees : the case of bombus ( thoracobombus ) ruderarius and b . ( thoracobombus ) sylvarum [ hymenoptera , apidae ] . apidologie 36 : 85 - 96 .
a useful reference covering california bumblebees by a well - respected authority on the subject . begins with general information on life history and ecology , followed by technical keys , and discussions of the california subgenera and species of bombus and psithyrus ( parasitic
cuckoo bumble bees
) . a pdf file of the 79 page monograph is available for free here .
- 1954 . opinion 220 . validation , under the plenary powers , of the generic name bombus latreille , 1802 ( class insecta , order hymenoptera ) , in so far as the use of those powers is required to provide that name with the status of availability . opinions and declarations rendered by the international commission on zoological nomenclature 4 : 103 - 114 .
bertsch , a . , habré de angelis , m . & przemeck , g . k . h . 2010a . phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees bombus moderatus , b . albocinctus , b . burjaeticus , b . florilegus and b . cryptarum based on mitochondrial dna markers : a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution . beiträge zur entomologie 60 , 13 - 32 .
pampell , r . , d . sikes , a . pantoja , p . holloway , c . knight , r . ranft . 2015 . bumble bees ( hymenoptera : apidae : bombus spp . ) of interior alaska : species composition , distribution , seasonal biology , and parasites . biodiversity data journal 3 : e5085 . doi : 10 . 3897 / bdj . 3 . e5085
williams , p . h . 2008a . bombus , bumblebees of the world . web pages based on williams , p . h . 1998 . an annotated checklist of bumblebees with an analysis of patterns of description ( hymenoptera : apidae , bombini ) . bulletin of the natural history museum ( entomology ) 67 : 79 - 152 . online . available : urltoken accessed 2008 - oct .
- 2005 . profile : bombus franklini frison , 1921 , franklin ' s bumble bee ( hymenoptera : apidae : apinae : bombini ) . in m . d . shepherd , d . m . vaughan & s . h . black ( eds ) : red list of pollinator insects of north america . the xerces society for invertebrate conservation , portland ( oregon ) , pp . 8 .
lecocq , t . , dellicour , s . , michez , d . , lhomme , p . , vanderplanck , m . , valterova , i . , rasplus , j . - y . & rasmont , p . 2013 . scent of a break - up : phylogeography and reproductive trait divergences in the red - tailed bumblebee ( bombus lapidarius ) . bmc evolutionary biology , 13 : 263 .
thorp , r . w . & shepherd , m . d . 2005 . profile : subgenus bombus latreille , 1802 ( apidae : apinae : bombini ) . in m . d . shepherd , d . m . vaughan & s . h . black ( eds ) : red list of pollinator insects of north america . the xerces society for invertebrate conservation , portland ( oregon ) , pp . 5 .
an , j . - d . , huang , j . - x . , shao , y . - q . , zhang , s . - w . , wang , b . , liu , x . - y . , wu , j . , & williams , p . h . 2014 . the bumblebees of north china ( apidae , bombus latreille ) . zootaxa 3830 : 1 - 89 . [ pdf ]
bombus edwardsii cresson : apidae ( bombini ) , hymenoptera ( observations are from graenicher ) asteraceae : cirsium arvense sn cp ( gr ) ; caprifoliaceae : lonicera oblongifolia sn ( gr ) , lonicera reticulata sn fq ( gr ) ; salicaceae : salix discolor [ unsp sn ] ( gr ) insect activities : cp = collects pollen fq = frequent flower visitor ( about 6 or more visits reported ) sn = sucks nectar scientific observers : ( gr ) = s . graenicher
full pdf abstract : i compiled data from several museum collections to map historical distributions of species of bumble bees across texas . bombus auricomus , b . bimaculatus , b . fervidus , b . fraternus , b . griseocollis , b . impatiens , b . pensylvanicus , b . sonorus , and b . variabilis were conﬁrmed from the state based on vouchered specimens . as currently understood , the bumble bee fauna of texas consists of nine documented species . warriner , m . d .
winter , k . , adams , l . , thorp , r . w . , inouye , d . w . , day , l . , ascher , j . & buchmann , s . 2006 . importation of non - native bumble bees into north america : potential consequences of using bombus terrestris and other non - native bumble bees for greenhouse crop pollination in canada , mexico , and the united states a white paper of the north american pollinator protection campaign ( napcc ) . 33 .
please see the montana state entomology collection ' s key to female bumble bees in montana . distinguished from other bombus by combination of outer surface of hind - leg tibia concave and forming a pollen basket , anterior edge of thorax ( scutum ) to the distinct black band between the wings with mix of yellow and black hairs giving a cloudy appearance , t2 - 3 with red or orange hairs ( t2 not intermixed with yellow ) and corbicular ( pollen basket ) fringe hairs black ( or possibly orange at the tips ) .
williams , p . h . , brown , m . j . f . , carolan , j . c . , an , j . - d . , goulson , d . , aytekin , a . m . , best , l . r . , byvaltsev , a . m . , cederberg , b . , dawson , r . , huang , j . - x . , ito , m . , monfared , a . , raina , r . h . , schmid - hempel , p . , sheffield , c . s . , sima , p . & xie , z . - h . 2012 . unveiling cryptic species of the bumblebee subgenus bombus s . str . world - wide with coi barcodes ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . systematics and biodiversity 10 : 21 - 56 . [ article pdf ]
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due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
apparently does rather well in some agricultural areas and can survive in cities to some extent . this subgenus is not suspected to be impacted by exotic diseases or parasites .
this is one of the few bumblebees still found regularly in san francisco and is rather common in the willamette valley in oregon , so it is apparently tolerant of urban and agricultural environments . little information was found regarding more northern parts of the range but this species is not listed as in general decline by xerces society or others and is regarded as common in british columbia .
a generalist for nesting sites , but may be more specialized than usual in terms of floral visitation . mcfrederick and lebuhn ( 2005 ) , in the san francisco area , found this species only in study sites with ceanothus thrysiflorus which these bees commonly visited .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
abbott , v . a . , j . l . nadeau , h . a . higo , and m . l . winston . 2008 . lethal and sub - lethal effects of imidacloprid on osmia lignaria and clothianidin on megachile rotundata ( hymenoptera : megachildae ) . journal of economic entomology 101 : 784 - 796 .
bauer , p . j . 1983 . bumblebee pollination relationships on the beartooth plateau tundra of southern montana . american journal of botany 70 ( 1 ) : 134 - 144 .
bhattacharya , m . , r . b . primack , and j . gerwein . 2003 . are roads and railroads barriers to bumblebee movement in a temperate suburban conservation area ? biological conservation 109 ( 1 ) : 37 - 45 .
brown , m . j . f . , and r . j . paxton . 2009 . the conservation of bees : a global perspective . apidologie 40 ( 3 ) : 410 - 416 .
byrne , a . , and u . fitzpatrick . 2009 . bee conservation policy at the global , regional and national levels . apidologie 40 ( 3 ) : 194 - 210 .
cannings , r . 2009 . checklist of the bumble bees of british columbia . e - fauna bc , electronic atlas of the wildlife of british columbia . available : urltoken
colla , s . r , m . c otterstatter , r . j . gegear , and j . d . thomson . 2006 . plight of the bumble bee : pathogen spillover from commercial to wild populations . biological conservation 129 ( 4 ) : 461467 .
committee on the status of pollinators in north america ( m . berenbaum , chair ) . 2007 . status of pollinators in north america . national research council of the national academies , the national academy press , washington , d . c . 307 pp .
devore , b . 2009 . a sticky situation for pollinators . minnesota conservation volunteer . 2 pp . accessed september 13 , 2009 at urltoken
dramstad , w . e . 1996 . do bumblebees ( hymenoptera : apidae ) really forage close to their nests ? journal of insect behavior 9 ( 2 ) : 163 - 182 .
federman , a . plight of the bumblebee . earth island journal , autumn , 2009 . earth island institute . online . available : urltoken
fetridge , e . d , j . s . ascher , and g . a . langellotto . 2008 . the bee fauna of residential gardens in a suburb of new york city ( hymenoptera : apoidea ) . annals of the entomological society of america 101 ( 6 ) : 1067 - 1077 .
frankie , g . w . , r . w . thorp , j . hernandez , m . rizzardi , b . ertter , j . c . pawelek , s . l . witt , m . schindler , r . coville , and v . a . wojcik . 2009 . native bees are a rich natural resource in urban california gardens . california agriculture 63 ( 3 ) : 113 - 120 .
goulson d . , m . e . hanley , b . darvill , j . s . ellis , and m . e . knight . 2005 . causes of rarity in bumblebees . biological conservation 122 ( 1 ) : 1 - 8 .
hines , h . , and s . d . hendrix . 2005 . bumble bee ( hymenoptera : apidae ) diversity and abundance in tallgrass prairie patches : the effects of local and landscape features . environmental entomology 34 ( 6 ) : 1477 - 1484 .
hopwood , j . l . 2008 . the contribution of roadside grassland restorations to native bee conservation . biological conservation 141 ( 10 ) : 2632 - 2640 .
integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . 2008 . world bee checklist project ( version 03 - oct - 2008 ) . integrated taxonomic information system : biological names . online . available : http : / / www . itis . gov .
longcore , t . , c . rich , and l . m . sullivan . 2009 . critical assessment of claims regarding management of feral cats by trap - neuter - return . conservation biology 23 ( 4 ) : 887 - 894 .
noordijk , j . , k . delille , a . p . schaffers , and k . v . sýkora . 2009 . optimizing grassland management for flower - visiting insects in roadside verges . biological conservation 142 ( 10 ) : 2097 - 2103 .


thiacidas alboporphyrea is a moth of the family noctuidae .

it is found in madagascar and the adults have a wingspan of 50 mm .

thiacidas alboporphyrea

this is the place for alboporphyrea definition . you find here alboporphyrea meaning , synonyms of alboporphyrea and images for alboporphyrea copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word alboporphyrea . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word alboporphyrea and , of course , alboporphyrea synonyms and on the right images related to the word alboporphyrea .
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hacker h . h . & zilli a . 2010 . revisional notes on the genus thiacidas walker , 1855 ( = trisula moore , 1858 , syn . nov . ) , new additional data on the thiacidinae with descriptions of seven new species and two subspecies ( lepidoptera , noctuidae ) . - esperiana memoir 5 : 413–432 .
reise in ostafrika in den jahren 1903 - 1905 : mit mitteln der hermann und elise geb . heckmann wentzel - stiftung : wissenschaftliche ergebnisse /
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pagenstecher a . 1907 . in : voeltzkow , a . reise in ostafrika in den jahren 1903—05 . wissenschaftliche ergebnisse 2 . systematische arbeiten , bd 2 , hft 2 ( lepidoptera heterocera von madagaskar , den comoren und ostafrika : uraniidae , geometridae , noctuidae , pyralidae , thyrididae , . . . - — 2 ( 2 ) : 93—146 , pl . 6 .
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berio e . 1950b . diagnosi di nuove specie di nottue ( lepid . noctuidae = agrotidae ) . - bollettino della società entomologica italiana 80 ( 9–10 ) : 89–92 .
wiltshire e . p . 1980a . lepidoptera : fam . cossidae , limacodidae , sesiidae , lasiocampidae , sphingidae , notodontidae , geometridae , lymantriidae , nolidae , arctiidae , agaristidae , noctuidae , ctenuchidae . – in : wittmer & büttiker ( eds . ) , fauna of saudi arabia 2 . - fauna of saudi arabia 2 : 179–240 .
wiltshire e . p . 1994 . arabian lepidoptera : a supplement to the catalogue of saudi arabian macro - heterocera . - fauna of saudi arabia 14 : 113–136 .
berio e . 1954e . nuove catocalinae africane al museo del congo belga di tervuren . - annali del museo civico di storia naturale di genova 66 : 336–343 .
pagenstecher a . 1907 . in : voeltzkow , a . reise in ostafrika in den jahren 1903–05 . wissenschaftliche ergebnisse 2 . systematische arbeiten , bd 2 , hft 2 ( lepidoptera heterocera von madagaskar , den comoren und ostafrika : uraniidae , geometridae , noctuidae , pyralidae , thyrididae , . . . - — 2 ( 2 ) : 93–146 , pl . 6 .
hacker h . h . , fibiger m . & legrain a . 2002 . thyrididae , uraniidae and noctuidae ( lepidoptera ) from the arabian peninsula with descriptions of new species . - esperiana 9 : 189–207 , pl . 6 .
fawcett j . m . 1916 . notes on a collection of heterocera made by mr . w . feather in british east africa , 1911–13 . - proceedings of the zoological society of london 1916 ( 4 ) : 707–737 , pl . 1 .
bethune - baker g . t . 1911b . descriptions of new species of lepidoptera from tropical africa . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 8 ) 8 ( 46 ) : 506–542 .
hacker h . h . 2004b . nolidae and noctuidae ( excluding catocalinae : audeini and tachosini ) ( lepidoptera ) . – in : mey , z . ( ed . ) the lepidoptera of the brandberg massif in namibia . - esperiana memoir 1 : 261–304 .
hampson g . f . 1916a . in poulton , e . b . on a collection of moths made in somaliland by mr . w . feather . - proceedings of the zoological society of london 1916 ( 1 ) : 91–182 , pls . 1–2 .
brandt w . 1939b . beitrag zur lepidopteren - fauna von iran ( 3 ) . – einige neue agrotiden aus laristan und beloutchistan . - entomologische rundschau 56 : 241–246 , 268–273 , 294–299 .
pinhey e . c . g . 1958 . a new ' noctuid ' moth from southern rhodesia : family agrotidae , subfamily ophiderinae . - occasional papers of the natural history museum in southern rhodesia 22b : 117–118 ; pl . 1 .
pinhey e . c . g . 1968b . some new african lepidoptera . - annals of the transvaal museum 25 ( 9 ) : 153–176 .
grünberg k . 1910c . in : schultze , l . : zoologische und anthropologische ergebnisse einer forschungsreise in westlichen und zentralen südafrika . vierter band . systematik und tiergeographie . - denkschriften der medizinisch naturwissenschaftlichen gesellschaft zu jena 16 ( 4 ) : 1–370 , pls . 1–12 [ chapter pagination : 91–146 ] .
hampson g . f . 1926a . descriptions of new genera and species of lepidoptera phalaenae of the subfamily noctuinae ( noctuidae ) in the british museum ( natural history ) . - — : 1–641 .
fawcett j . m . 1918 . notes on a collection of heterocera made by mr . w . feather in british east africa , 1911–13 . - proceedings of the zoological society of london ( 1917 ) ( 3–4 ) : 233–250 , pl . 1 .
hering e . m . 1926–1927 . pterothysanidae , lymantriidae , brahmaeidae . – in : seitz , a . ( ed . ) die gross - schmetterlinge der erde . eine systematische bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten gross - schmetterlinge . die afrikanischen spinner und schwärmer . - — 14 : 123–125 , 127–204 , 349–351 .
hacker h . h . & zilli a . 2007 . revisional notes on the genus thiacides walker , 1855 , with descriptions of thiacidinae subfam . nov . and eleven species ( lepidoptera : noctuidae ) . - esperiana memoir 3 : 179–246 , pls . 21–30 .
mey w . 2011 . basic pattern of lepidoptera diversity in southwestern africa . - esperiana memoir 6 : 1–316 .
berio e . 1977 . diagnosi di nuovi taxa di noctuidae del globo ( lepidoptera ) . - annali del museo civico di storia naturale giacomo doria 81 : 321–339 .
gaede m . 1934–1939 . noctuidae . – in : seitz , a . ( ed . ) die gross - schmetterlinge der erde . eine systematische bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten gross - schmetterlinge . iie abteilung : die gross - schmetterlinge des afrikanischen faunengebietes . xv . band : eulenartige nachtfalter . - — 15 : 30–286 .
walker f . 1855c . list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part v . – lepidoptera heterocera . - — 5 : i–iv , 977–1257 .
pinhey e . c . g . 1962a . new or little known lepidoptera from central africa . - occasional papers of the natural history museum in southern rhodesia 3 ( 26b ) : 871–891 , pls . 1–2 .
schultze a . 1931 . zwei neue heterocera aus französisch - aequatorial afrika . - deutsche entomologische zeitschrift , iris 45 : 143–145 .
holland w . j . 1905 . a new noctuid from sierra leone . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 7 ) 16 : 18–20 .
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