un de sceaux ( foaled 5 may 2008 ; [ ɛ̃ də so ] ) is a french-bred aqps racehorse who competes in national hunt racing .

after winning both his races in france he was transferred to ireland where he won two novice hurdles .

in the 2013/14 national hunt season he was undefeated in five races including the red mills trial hurdle in ireland and both the prix hypothese and the prix leon rambaud in france .

when switched to steeplechases he recovered from a fall on his debut to win the arkle novice chase , arkle challenge trophy and ryanair novice chase in the 2014-15 season .

in 2015-16 he won the clarence house chase but was beaten by sprinter sacre when favourite for the queen mother champion chase in what his defeat when completing a steeplechase .

he began the 2016-17 with a win in the tingle creek chase and followed up with his second victory in the clarence house chase before taking the ryanair chase in march .

un de sceaux

1 : un de sceaux . 2 : felix yonger . 3 : god’s own
hot favourite un de sceaux will face nine rivals in the betway queen mother champion chase at cheltenham .
un de sceaux ' s trainer willie mullins has also left in in douvan and vroum vroum mag .
un de sceaux has managed to win 22 races in its career so far . on 16th mar 2017 at cheltenham , un de sceaux scored its most significant win to date , getting the money in the
henry de bromhead is happy to let special tiara take on the formidable un de sceaux in the queen mother champion chase at cheltenham .
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for un de sceaux . un de sceaux is a gelding born in 2012 october 5 by hinchinbrook out of cross dresser
for o’connell , un de sceaux is just the most obvious example of willie mullins’s genius for talent spotting .
cheltenham and the betway queen mother champion chase can barely come quick enough for willie mullins with un de sceaux .
un de sceaux justified prohibitive odds at punchestown when taking the ryanair novice chase in the hands of ruby walsh .
un de sceaux recorded another facile victory as he claimed the conditions hurdle at navan by a stunning 53 lengths .
ante - post favourite un de sceaux is one of 18 confirmations for the ryanair chase at cheltenham on thursday .
from then on un de sceaux proceeded to put the opposition to the sword with a series of spectacular leaps .
un de sceaux blew away his two rivals with an electric display in the frank ward solicitors arkle novice chase at leopardstown .
impressive punchestown winner open eagle is set to follow in the hoofprints of willie mullins’ un de sceaux with raids on france .
champion chase favourite un de sceaux and 2014 champion chase hero sire de grugy will meet for the first time in saturday’s grade one sodexo clarence house chase at ascot .
un de sceaux ' s connections are looking forward to a clash with cue card in thursday ' s ryanair chase at cheltenham .
un de sceaux headlines 23 entries for the £350 , 000 betway queen mother champion chase at cheltenham on wednesday , march 16 .
the current race record for un de sceaux is 3 wins from 22 starts with prizemoney of $ 111 , 050 . 00 .
un de sceaux lived up to his billing as he duly landed the odds in the racing post arkle trophy at the cheltenham festival .
un de sceaux will face a maximum of 11 rivals in the betway queen mother champion chase at next week ' s cheltenham festival .
for one thing o’connell is 37 today : what are the odds , he asks - a lot longer than un de sceaux’s certainly .
second in that contest was tom george’s gods own , a horse that previously finished second to un de sceaux in the 2015 arkle .
connections of un de sceaux feel saturday ' s display at ascot sets him up perfectly for the
final
at cheltenham in march .
un de sceaux , like so many times before , galloped his rivals into the ground to land the boylesports champion chase at punchestown this afternoon .
ruby walsh and un de sceaux lead all the way to win the sodexo clarence house steeple chase at ascot in january . photograph : alan crowhurst
he put up a benchmark performance when landing the championship in 2013 and the idea of him in his pomp keeping tabs on un de sceaux is one to savour . even nicky henderson concedes that pomp is in the past but today’s sprinter sacre chasing un de sceaux is still an enticing prospect .
un de sceaux and fox norton lock horns in what promises to be a fascinating renewal of the boylesports champion chase at the punchestown festival on tuesday .
un de sceaux pulled walsh to the front at the fifth fence and proceeded to put the opposition to the sword with a series of spectacular leaps .
un de sceaux completed a 28 / 1 plus grade 2 treble on the day at fairyhouse for willie mullins and paul townend when landing the devenish chase .
un de sceaux ' s victory at ascot will have worked wonders for the confidence of both the horse and ruby walsh , according to trainer willie mullins .
un de sceaux got his chasing career off to an unfortunate start when falling three out while holding a clear advantage in the killinan beginners chase at thurles .
you wait two days for a winner then two come at once . . . un de sceaux wins the ryanair chase for mullins & walsh # thefestival urltoken
there was also triumph for the o’connell family of glanmire , co cork , with un de sceaux’s win . some 25 supporters travelled over for the day .
willie mullins ' exciting french recruit un de sceaux has his next test when he lines up for the follow navan on facebook hurdle at the county meath course .
walsh made a brave call to take un de sceaux to the front as early as the fifth fence as the horse was keen to get on with things .
the french connection has continued for un de sceaux , who is ridden every day by ex - pat virginie bascop , the resident vet at the mullins stable .
any mishap for un de sceaux and mullins’s chances of a first champion chase won’t disappear : however it looks a cheltenham championship event that revolves around the favourite .
there can be no denying it , the second of the cheltenham festival championship races is at the mercy of another willie mullins - trained runner , un de sceaux .
nicky henderson was impressed with un de sceaux ' s performance in the clarence house chase and is looking forward to taking on the irish ace with sprinter sacre at cheltenham .
the new champion will have plenty on his plate next march with the emergence of the exhilarating un de sceaux , in a class of his own among the 2m novices .
un de sceaux attempts to live up to his billing as the most exciting novice chaser around when he lines up for the racing post arkle challenge trophy at cheltenham on tuesday .
owner edward o’connell’s son colm dedicated the win to his parents . four horses bought for festival running by the o’connells failed the veterinary test . un de sceaux was the fifth .
who could possibly have guessed after that scintillating performance that by the end of the week two novices would be rated even higher than un de sceaux , albeit over longer distances .
sean - un de sceaux is an unoriginal selection , but it is hard to argue with the ability of the arkle winner . has pace and stamina on his side and should be the best of a relatively shallow division . dodging bullets will be rock solid as always , but un de sceaux is the class of the division , as the betting suggests .
born in sceaux d’anjou in the west of france at rene choveau’s farm , un de sceaux is out of a mare , hotesse de sceaux ( april night ) , who was never placed in her races and hadn’t produced much at stud . but pierre de la guillonniere of haras de la rousselière , the owner of denham red , had noticed that his stallion’s offspring had a certain affinity with april night mares , so he made a foal - share deal with choveau .
un de sceaux put an unfortunate exit on his chasing debut at thurles last month well behind him when readily landing prohibitive odds in the irish stallion farms ebf beginners chase at fairyhouse .
un de sceaux is now the odds - on favourite at 10 - 11 for the champion chase , the feature race of cheltenham festival ladies day – wednesday 16 th march 2016 .
victory for un de sceaux on saturday will see his price of 13 - 8 for the 2016 champion chase tumble dramatically , as mullins continues to dominate the ante - post markets .
like him those horses are usually and eventually taught to settle and save their energy but , my goodness , until un de sceaux learns to do that , he will be incredibly exciting .
un de sceaux made all in the grade 2 kerry group hilly way chase , coming home in splendid isolation under david mullins for his uncle willie ( third winner of the day ) .
in a week of some mesmerising performances at punchestown , un de sceaux put in another one , as he defied logic with his display in the star best for racing coverage novice hurdle .
it has proven a profitable horse for the punters over the journey . if you had backed un de sceaux throughout its career you ' d have achieved a 9 % return on investment .
, who is based at carlow . it is sired by the stallion denham red out of the dam hotesse de sceaux .
un de sceaux put up a tremendous performance to win the ryanair chase and give trainer willie mullins and jockey ruby walsh a big - race double on the third day of the cheltenham festival .
ruby walsh has revealed that his most important role when riding red - hot favourite un de sceaux in the arkle chase will be to prevent the prodigious chaser from boiling over in the preliminaries .
racing enthusiasts not already in the un de sceaux fan club are surely members now after the ' sixteens on ' chance bolted up in the three runner horse & jockey hotel hurdle at thurles .
the mullins bandwagon rolled onto the big race of the day as un de sceaux cemented his place as queen mother champion chase favourite with a decisive victory in the grade one clarence house chase .
un de sceaux won the prix la barka last year , picking up €110 , 000 ( £93 , 000 ) before finishing unplaced behind paul nicholls ptit zig in the grande course de haies d ' auteuil ( french champion hurdle ) at the paris track .
un de sceaux may have lost his unbeaten record elsewhere on the card but clondaw court maintained his perfect cv by making all for a very comfortable success in the rock of cashel hurdle at thurles .
the going remains soft for this afternoon ' s meeting at thurles where the chasing debut of un de sceaux in the opening killinan beginners chase kick starts a seven - race card full of talent .
friday’s gold cup is the cheltenham festival prize willie mullins cherishes most but his illustrious cv also has a notable betway queen mother champion chase blank , one which un de sceaux looks set to fill .
colm o’connell believes it isn’t just impeccable form and a very short price that make un de sceaux a sure thing for this afternoon’s queen mother champion chase . there’s destiny involved too , he reckons .
since then , with the breeders’ premiums un de sceaux has earned for her , monique choveau , rene’s widow , has completely rebuilt her house , which would have been impossible on her meagre farmer’s pension .
in un de sceaux’s career to date , he has only been beaten when falling , an instinct to throw his heart over a fence , hoping the rest of him follows , occasionally catching him out .
though sub lieutenant made inroads into the deficit on the run to the line , un de sceaux ( 7 - 4 favourite ) was not for stopping and passed the post a length and a half clear .
virginie bascop is the team - member responsible for un de sceaux day - to - day , entrusted with the mixed blessing of riding a potential champion every morning while trying not to get run away with .
maybe it is punters , many jumping fans , that had doubts and looking at him from an analytical point of view you can see why , un de sceaux has often had that crazy horse look about him .
the main selection therefore is traffic fluide . he’s a horse that caught our eye last season as a novice , but his recent return behind un de sceaux in the clarence house chase really , really impressed us .
un de sceaux ( first victory at graded level ) gained his fifth win in ireland and remained unbeaten after seven outings all told with another demolition of the opposition in the grade 2 red mills trial hurdle at gowran .
this is especially the case when running first - time out after an extended break . well in himself after a rest , un de sceaux can race far too aggressively and it can hinder his ability to jump accurately .
his fourth dam may have been gorda , who was fourth in the g1 prix saint - alary back in 1967 , but that made little difference to potential buyers , so pierre de la guillonniere leased un de sceaux to trainer fabrice foucher , based by the ocean in saint - michel - chef - chef . it didn’t work well initially as un de sceaux was already quite a character , and only by galloping him on a 20km beach did they finally manage to teach him to somehow settle and get ready to race .
the champion jockey - elect fractured an arm and dislocated a shoulder on the final day of cheltenham . but just six weeks later he will be on board the unbeaten un de sceaux in a grade two contest at auteuil this afternoon .
as discussed in our champion hurdle preview , faugheen was the horse in question over hurdles . over fences in the two - mile division , un de sceaux was the horse bookmakers , early doors , felt was the one to beat .
the second race we’ve covered where a willie mullins horse holds strong claims . un de sceaux is the obvious horse to beat , but at a price of 4 / 5 we’ll be taking him on with an each - way play .
un de sceaux put up a tremendous performance to win the ryanair chase and give trainer willie mullins and jockey ruby walsh a big - race double on the third day of the cheltenham festival after taking the jlt novices ' chase with yorkhill .
and that there lies the potential problem , his form ties him closely with sire de grugy who has since been put in his place by un de sceaux . it must also be said sprinter sacre was a slightly fortunate winner at kempton , a last fence mistake from the runner - up certainly helped his cause .
o’connell’s father , eddie , in whose colours un de sceaux runs , has been ill and again chosen to stay home in cork while his horse attempts to pick up a prize widely presumed all season to be his for the taking all season .
though sub lieutenant made inroads into the deficit on the run to the line , un de sceaux ( 7 - 4 favourite ) was not for stopping and passed the post a length and a half clear . aso was six lengths away in third .
un de sceaux wins the 2017 clarence house chase . urltoken racing uk is the uk ' s leading horse racing tv channel , broadcasting over 4 , 000 live races every year . relive all the best action here : urltoken racing uk - pure racing entertainment
un de sceaux may have only won a beginners chase at fairyhouse as you would expect at 1 - 5 shot to , by 12 lengths barely coming off the bridle , but his style was reminiscent of a young , carefree , tearaway desert orchid . apart from steering , at this stage of the five - year - old’s career ruby walsh seems to have a minimal input into un de sceaux’s tactics , which are as breathtaking as they are simple – go as fast as you can for as long as you can .
however un de sceaux is the first outstanding candidate mullins has had for the race . and just the press the point home fully , in felix yonger the champion trainer looks to have another good chance , perhaps even a shot at saddling a 1 - 2 .
should un de sceaux become the 18th individual irish trained champion chase winner his addition to the two - mile roll of honour will be apt . in a discipline devoted to speed , dash and inch - accurate jumping , the mullins star is almost a caricature .
we’ve always felt soft ground and tracks like ascot and kempton are ideal for him despite the son of my risk winning many good races on quicker terrain . back at cheltenham on potential spring ground means others are better equipped to get closer to un de sceaux .
this most dynamic of racing duos won the three biggest races of the day , the sky bet supreme novices’ hurdle with douvan , the arkle won by un de sceaux and the brilliant faugheen destroyed the opposition in the biggest race of the day , the champion hurdle .
walsh again sent the eight - year - old to the front from the start and allowing him to find a superb rhythm with his jumping . turning for home he was travelling by the far the best , sire de grugy tried desperately to mount a challenge , but un de sceaux had far too many gears and eased to a five length win .
josses hill surprised many by finishing third in last season’s arkle behind un de sceaux , but he’s a horse that has never convinced over fences and is easily left . the old warrior somersby is too old to go close in these events now and is another to duck .
for many this will be a classic case of ‘bar a fall . ’ the only two occasions un de sceaux has been beaten have come when he has hit the floor . it’s somewhat simplistic to boil it down to his greatest danger being himself but hardly completely ridiculous either .
for most people lucky enough to have a birthday coinciding with the cheltenham festival , a pair of tickets to the meeting is a valued present - but colm o ' connell might just enjoy the best celebration of all , a betway queen mother champion chase win for un de sceaux .
un de sceaux himself isn’t a natural candidate for the comfortable role of cool , clean hero . as befits the king of the speed division , he’s more high - strung than cuddly , fiercely resentful of being stuck behind anyone or anything , and certainly not one for the niceties .
twice this has been seen in recent seasons : un de sceaux in each of his last two campaign openers has fallen . while worrying , it’s encouraging to note on his second start back after a break he has been far more tractable , intelligent in jumping and won in style .
with un de sceaux so readily turning over sire de grugy ( 12 / 1 ) , it’s hard to envisage the tables being turned at cheltenham come march . gary moore’s charge is a top - class racehorse , a winner of five grade 1s , including the 2014 queen mother champion chase , but at the age of ten , it’s hard to see him improving .
henry de bromhead is busy preparing his strongest ever raiding party on the cheltenham festival .
what makes it even more difficult for his opposition now however is that he looked to have learned the lessons from that with a subsequently faultless victory at ascot where the flamboyance of old was somewhat contained . a repeat of such controlled aggression will make un de sceaux an even tougher opponent .
special tiara and his former stable companion sizing granite are two other irish hopefuls and it will be fascinating to see if special tiara takes on un de sceaux for the lead in the early stages . such a tactic might have been productive in the past although the ascot evidence suggests maybe not now .
the current season started slowly , we saw him for the first time in the clarence house chase at ascot . on his seasonal debut , he ran an absolute cracker finishing third behind un de sceaux , registering a career best in the process , beaten just five lengths with near guaranteed progress to come .
un des sceaux’s support team : colm o’connell , eamon o’connell , carol o’connell , tony twomey , kay o’connell , paul o’connell , colm o’keeffe with children , luke and katelyn o’connell . photograph : inpho / morgan treacy
even so , un de sceaux had all his rivals at full stretch coming down the hill . god ' s own ( 33 - 1 ) tried to make a race of it but he could not compete on the run to the line and had to settle for being beaten six lengths in second place .
on 16 march 2016 , sprinter sacre contested his third queen mother champion chase at the cheltenham festival . he started the 5 / 1 second favourite behind the irish - trained un de sceaux , whilst the other eight runners included dodging bullets , sire de grugy , felix yonger ( punchestown champion chase ) , special tiara , and somersby . special tiara and un de sceaux set a very fast pace with nico de boinville settling sprinter sacre behind the leaders . despite a mistake three fences from home , sprinter sacre made rapid progress to take the lead approaching the second last and quickly went several lengths clear . he stayed on up the run - in to win the race by three and a half lengths and a nose from un de sceaux and special tiara . commenting on the ten - year - old ' s return to form , henderson said ,
he’s just been so feisty and aggressive all season . . . i’ve been looking at him every night for the last three weeks and i just knew that it was still there , and his whole body said that it was . it’s just talent , isn’t it ?
however all eyes will be firmly fixed on the two headline attractions . un de sceaux enjoyed a fantastic campaign last season culminating with a victory in the racing post arkle at the cheltenham festival . the eight - year - olds seasonal return didn’t go to plan as he fell when going well at leopardstown over christmas .
tour de france : team sky finish second in 35 . 5km team time trial 19 : 07
there is no hiding place when you employ those tactics and until un de sceaux , who remains unbeaten in all races except for his novices fall first time out over fences , gets his jumping totally together there is an added harum - scarum element to his racing . he must be white - knuckle exhilarating to ride .
with his trainer enda bolger always considering him a chasing type , gilgamboa had shown plenty over the smaller obstacles to suggest he could compete to a high level over fences . he went unbeaten in his opening two chase starts before finding the brilliant un de sceaux too hot to handle over two miles in the irish arkle .
on last season’s arkle second behind the current race - favourite un de sceaux , god’s own looks a pretty big price at 33 / 1 . he’s only run once this campaign due to unsuitable going , but that third in the haldon gold cup at exeter on terrain too slow was a good effort all things considered .
un de sceaux misses out on next week’s punchestown festival and runs instead in the grade two prix leon rambaud where he will again clash with the french champion gemix . just a short neck separated them at the course a month ago when barry geraghty stepped in for the injured walsh . today’s race is at 1 . 35 .
djakadam , owned by susannah and rich ricci , made an impressive return to action winning the grade one john durkan memorial chase at punchestown by 12 - lengths . and after seeing faugheen , douvan and un de sceaux lay down massive festival markers , mullins will be hoping for a similar performance from the cheltenham gold cup favourite .
the 2015 supreme novice hurdle winner was sent off as 1 - 14 favourite for the irish arkle and produced a flawless round of jumping to win by 15 - lengths . the six - year - old is now 4 - 7 to emulate un de sceaux and win the racing post arkle on day one of the cheltenham festival .
steve - emphatic arkle winner un de sceaux will step up to the big time this season , but if his jumping stays together then there ' s nothing in training that live with his cruising speed and at 5 / 4 for the queen mother champion chase it ' s going to be most punter ' s banker of the festival , and it will certainly be mine .
wearing his heart on his sleeve , the un sceaux battle - plan classically involves going as fast as possible for two miles , daring anyone else to try and keep up . it’s a high - risk strategy and it helped catch him out at leopardstown over christmas .
with the likes of vautour and un de sceaux going chasing , and hurricane fly stepping up in trip it seems that faugheen is the only one to fly the flag in the two mile division for the dominant willie mullins . he is generally a 5 / 1 chance for the champion hurdle but in my mind as long as he gets there he will be winning , famous last words eh !
caroline tisdall and bryan drew leading in un temps pour tout after back - to - back festival wins in the g3 ultima chase . urltoken
while de boinville added : “altior is quite a star . just to ride a smashing horse like this is quite something .
the heir apparent to sire de grugy at the sussex yard , this young french import has made remarkable progress in his five runs since arriving in this country , particularly after he was dropped to the minimum trip . he won off 129 and then 135 before producing a highly respectable performance when stepped up to grade one company at aintree . he is bound to be stronger and more mature this season and could progress into one of the chief rivals of un de sceaux in the queen mother champion chase that stablemate grugy won last year .
henry de bromhead flies the irish flag in the grade one celebration chase although special tiara has considerable ground to make up on sire de grugy from cheltenham’s champion chase while co . dublin based patrick griffin runs maggio against menorah in the listed oaksey chase .
even though most hardcore jumps fans know him very well by now , there is something about the aqps un de sceaux that keeps them on their toes every time he’s out on the course , mostly as favourite . few horses sprint down the hill leading to the final steep straight line of prestbury park after showing the way a few lengths ahead of the field , jumping fences with a boldness not many jockeys would find comfortable .
not straightforward trainer willie mullins reported yesterday : “un de sceaux is not the easiest of horses to ride but ruby looks fit and well riding out at home . if he didn’t run [ in france ] he’d have to take on hurricane fly and jezki and we’ve time enough for all that . and the way he jumped the french hurdles , who knows whether he’ll go jumping fences next year or come back over hurdles . ”
having first dipped her toes into graded water in november 2013 when being caught out slightly one - paced up auteuil’s long straight in the grande course de haies de 3 ans , one of france’s top juvenile hurdle races , she proved a consistent performer , adding a first and two seconds at grade 3 to add to her grade 1 3rd place , a grade 2 second , and finally a grade 3 and a grade 1 victory in the final juvenile race of the season at auteuil in june , the prix alain du breil – course de haies d’ete de quatre ans .
val de ferbet put in a fine round of jumping on his chasing debut to take the three - mile beginners ' event in decisive fashion at fairyhouse .
gary moore says sire de grugy is in great shape ahead of the betway champion chase and may turn to headgear in order to eke out a little more improvement .
a horse whose collateral form links him strongly with both sprinter sacre and sire de grugy is special tiara ( 12 / 1 ) , the 2015 champion chase third . a two - time grade one - winning chaser for henry de bromhead , he beat sprinter sacre in april 2015 by five lengths in the celebration chase at sandown .
both sire de grugy and special tiara are more than twice the price of the aforementioned nicky henderson horse , but others look to offer better value at this stage .
special tiara showed a great attitude to stick out his neck and keep up the pace , beating fox norton . giving trainer henry de bromhead another champion chase victory .
the son of kayf tara hasn’t been seen since , but is due to run at punchestown in the tied cottage chase . there is a chance he will shorten in the betting in the run - up to the champion chase – he already offers better value than sprinter sacre – and while a positive where this blog is concerned , we are not quite sure he offers enough each - way value at this stage especially when you consider he’ll not get an easy lead with un de sceaux in the field . with that said , he holds strong claims of hitting the frame .
for the third season in a row the top 2m chaser scooped the grade 1 treble of tingle creek , clarence house and queen mother champion chase , writes john de moraville .
the pair dominated the market for the queen mother chase but sire de grugy finished a laboured fourth , running over a stone below his best , while sprinter sacre pulled up .
if nichols canyon is now a more settled creature according to his trainer , the same cannot be said for his stablemate , the tearaway un de sceaux . but what he lacks in restraint he more than makes up for in ability and he soon had some strongly fancied rivals toiling in his wake as he set a relentless gallop in the g1 ryanair chase . walsh made vain attempts to anchor the exuberance of his partner in the early stages of the race but eventually allowed him to tug his way to the front and hurtle from fence to fence , eliciting gasps from the crowd with his almost recklessly bold jumping .
“i have ridden as an amateur and i also have an eventing background , ” she explains . “that led me to take care of some ‘problem’ horses at willie’s and that’s how i had un de sceaux allotted to me . he was pulling hard all the time and , eventually , that hurt him . i started to do some flat work with him in a manege . the idea was to make him understand that i was in charge , but that i also was his friend . it has been a long process and it’s not an exact science , but i somehow have some control on his speed now . ”
to some extent , mullins had been enduring a festival to forget , with a number of his high - profile horses having suffered injuries in the build - up , while odds - on favourite douvan ( fr ) ( walk in the park { ire } ) disappointed in the g1 queen mother champion chase and was subsequently found to be lame . but thursday quickly became a day to remember as first yorkhill ( ire ) ( presenting { gb } ) then un de sceaux ( fr ) ( denham red { fr } ) and nichols canyon ( gb ) ( authorized { ire } ) restored natural order in the mullins camp .
last year ' s champion chase winner sire de grugy has come out of his cheltenham warm - up at chepstow with his confidence boosted and is
good as gold
according to jockey , jamie moore .
the firm celebrates its twentieth anniversary , with two commissions in a row for the city of paris : an elementary school near the arc de triomphe , and 85
green
apartments in the boucicaut district .
after falling at christmas there were question marks hanging over the head of last season’s racing post arkle winner , but he put any doubts to bed by galloping his main rival sire de grugy into the ground .
vautour , along with un de sceaux , was the great disappointment of the season for mullins and he remains without a win in one of the championship chases at the festival - you may rate the ryanair one of those but i don’t . wins in the stella artois 1965 , clarence house and ryanair chases were scant return for a pair so talented and their jumping was found out in other races . strong travelling rather than good jumping tends to be a feature of the mullins horses and while his fall / unseat rate over fences in ireland and the uk was actually lower than previous seasons in ireland ( 10 . 8 % as against 11 . 4 % ) his runners seemed to make errors at the most crucial times .
dodging bullets at cheltenham was left to account by just over a length for the admirable veteran somersby , who 12 months previously had bravely succumbed to an on - song sire de grugy by almost six times that margin .
his 2013 / 14 campaign was a disaster , however . health issues with a defibrillating heart ( has also struggled with his wind ) saw him race just once where he was pulled up at kempton behind sire de grugy .
we have much more positive feelings about traffic fluide , however , another horse trained by gary moore . moore , famous for his exploits with sire de grugy , has a potential heir apparent in this young and improving chaser .
sent - off as the 30 / 100 favourite , nicky henderson’s leading light made all under nico de boinville , producing a sequence of spectacular leaps . from four out the race was put to bed within a few strides .
there is every chance he can turn that form around with sire de grugy on better ground especially considering , despite winning many good races going right - handed , he gave the impression reverting to a left - handed track would suit .
but , although dodging bullets proved a revelation and comprehensively upstaged his two predecessors sprinter sacre and sire de grugy at cheltenham in march , his end - of - term rating of 171 is the lowest in this category since 2002 - 03 .
court minstrel was a very decent hurdler and landed a valuable handicap hurdle at this meeting last year . the evan williams trained 8 year old made the perfect start to his chasing career when winning his first two races , including a 2 ¾ lengths defeat of chris pea green at cheltenham in october . in december he headed to sandown park for the grade 1 henry viii novices’ chase but jumped far less fluently than normal and eventually finished last of the 4 runner behind vibrato valtat , beaten 32 lengths . he was off the track then until last month’s arkle at cheltenham , where he stayed on late to finish 19 lengths fifth to un de sceaux . court minstrel then contested the grade 1 maghull novices’ chase at aintree two weeks ago and was not disgraced when finishing 6 ½ lengths fourth to sizing granite .
taken to fences really well was rather unlucky sort over hurdles . he can win either way round and from back or front on all ground types and with doubts about sprinter sacre he must be value to give sire de grugy a race this season .
henry de bromhead has a nice bunch of two mile chasers this season and special tiara could easily have made this list instead of sizing granite , but it’s the latter’s versatility in terms of handling softer ground and being a year younger that secured his inclusion .
the formbook tells us there is very little between sprinter sacre ( 4 / 1 ) , sire de grugy ( 12 / 1 ) and special tiara ( 12 / 1 ) . former great sprinter sacre is easily discarded here of the trio on value grounds .
under a confident ride from aidan coleman , the colin tizzard chaser jumped enthusiastically from the front immediately putting his rivals under pressure . in contrast bristol de mai didn’t show the same level of form as he did at haydock , struggling to jump with any fluency .
sire de grugy was one of the most popular cheltenham festival winners when he flew up the hill to claim the 2014 queen mother champion chase and he has slowly returned to form this season . he was way below his best at exeter in the haldon gold cup .
this season , he returned to winning ways with a heart - warming and visually brilliant 15 lengths victory in the grade 2 shloer chase at cheltenham in november before he just got the better of sire de grugy at kempton in the grade 2 desert orchid chase over christmas .
jamie moore on behalf of betracingnation listed ubak as his horse to follow and gave a glowing report of the novice chaser . “i think he is going to be a very very good horse , apart from sire de grugy he is definitely the best horse in the yard” .
it was also a historic opening day for eventmasters horse racing hospitality ambassador tom scudamore , who partnered un temps pour tout to victory in the ultima handicap chase . david pipe’s eight - year - old won the same race in 2016 and became the first horse since scot lane in 1983 to win back - to - back renewals .
that is down to the calibre of opposition as both the two previous champions explicitly failed to reignite their former brilliance winning just one race between them all season . and that was sire de grugy’s victory – albeit stylishly under top - weight – in a muddling four - runner chepstow handicap .
heading into saturday’s denman chase at newbury , many were expecting an epic battle between native river and bristol de mai – who have both claimed major handicap victories this season . but at the winning post there was little doubt who will pose the biggest threat to thistlecrack in the gold cup .
2015 / 16 was largely in line with previous seasons for henry de bromhead , sending out 48 winners after 49 and 48 in the campaigns beforehand , and that levelling off is not something that pleased his principal patron alan potts who recently announced that he will have runners with a handful of other trainers next term . it is hard to avoid the notion that potts is difficult to deal with – he constantly moves horses around – but apart from going back into the willie mullins fold , a bridge he has already burned it would seem , there are few better around than de bromhead .
this season he was a hugely unlucky runner - up behind sire de grugy in the tingle creek , again at sandown , where a last fence mid - air clash with the winner may well have cost him the race . in the end , he was beaten by three parts of a length .
with front - runner charbel setting a very strong pace , nico de boinville and altior were taken outside of their comfort zone . but the fall of kim bailey’s runner left altior clear in front and he stormed up the famous cheltenham hill , to give henderson a record breaking sixth win in the race .
following education , culture , commerce and offices , the agency now addresses the design of facilities for public safety : police stations in sceaux and villepinte . ttwo years later , ameller & dubois wins the montmartre fire station competition ( completed in 2008 ) . mary warburton , a young stage design oriented architect , joins the firm . she remains its most steady project manager .
god’s own really blossomed around this time last year but didn’t record a first victory over fences until winning a grade 1 contest at punchestown last spring , which meant he retained his novice status for the current season . the tom george trained 7 year old beat the ill - fated moscow mannon by ½ a length in the ryanair novice chase , in a field that also contained balder succes , felix yonger and champagne fever . he returned to action in november at exeter and landed the haldon gold cup by 5 lengths from balder succes but a month later his jumping let him down as he disappointed badly in the tingle creek chase . god’s own then headed to kempton park over christmas to contest the grade 2 wayward lad novices’ chase but went down to a 10 ½ lengths defeat when third to vibrato valtat . he was then off the track until last month’s arkle at cheltenham , when he came back to his very best to chase home un de sceaux , eventually finishing 6 lengths second . god’s own then headed to aintree and finished a length second to sizing granite in the grade 1 maghull novices’ chase .
the amateur four - mile contest takes place on the opening day of the 2016 cheltenham festival – tuesday 15 th march ; with irish champion trainer mullins holding the first three in the betting . black hercules is the 4 - 1 favourite , followed by roi de francs ( 6 - 1 ) and pont alexandre ( 8 - 1 ) .
as is his way , might bite set a blistering pace at the front and was 20 - lengths clear of his rivals coming to the final fence . after a crashing fall at kempton at the final fence in a similar position , nico de boinville got his mount to the other side – but that’s where it all went a bit wrong .
if that sounds presumptive in a field containing one of the most outstanding two - mile champions of all , sprinter scare , other previous title - holders in dodging bullets and sire de gruggy , not to mention a handful of other proven grade 1 winners , it does allow for the suspicion that sprinter & co appear to be lights of other days .
while defi de seuil proved to be the finest juvenile hurdler in training as he swept aside the competition in the jcb triumph hurdle . phillip hobbs horse has been imperious all season , winning on each of his six starts . it was another victory in the race for jp mcmanus who now has owned 50 winners at the festival – the most in history .
de bromhead has become more of a summer trainer in recent years and won a galway plate in 2015 with shanahan’s turn which might be his aiming to avoid some of the better mullins horses in softer races ; he has started this new season well already with three winners . the national hunt season ‘proper’ will tell the tale however with his number of potts runners cut .
vibrato valtat was a useful novice hurdler last term and has improved with each run this season over fences . after a good run back over hurdles at cheltenham’s october meeting , vibrato valtat beat the useful thomas crapper by a length on his chasing debut at warwick in early november . the paul nicholls trained 6 year old was then second best by 1 ¾ lengths to dunraven storm at cheltenham’s open meeting later that month , but reversed those placings when staying up the sandown park hill to beat his old rival by 2 lengths in the grade 1 henry viii novices’ chase in early december . vibrato valtat was out again three weeks later and ran on well to beat three kingdoms by ½ a length in the wayward lad novices’ chase at kempton park . he then headed to the kingmaker novices’ chase at warwick in february and jumped well and looked really impressive when defeating the useful top gamble by 4 ½ lengths . he then headed to the arkle at cheltenham and tried to lay - up behind un de sceaux but paid the price in the home straight , eventually finishing 13 lengths fourth . once again vibrato valtat put up a game performance at aintree two weeks ago when 4 lengths second to clarcam in the grade 1 manifesto novices’ chase .
scudamore has won nine times at the cheltenham festival – thistlecrack , ryanair world hurdle 2016 ; un temps pour tout , ultima handicap chase 2016 ; next sensation , grand annual chase 2015 ; moon racer , wetherby’s champion bumper 2015 ; ballynagour , byrne group plate 2014 ; dynaste , ryanair chase 2014 ; western warhorse , racing post arkle 2014 ; salut flo , byrne group plate 2012 ; and an accordion , william hill trophy handicap chase 2008 .
if that poor performance can be forgiven , and it should , there was enough in his previous start at kempton to be enthused by his prospects over hurdles this season ; having travelled smoothly throughout the contest on the all - weather circuit , bringithomeminty displayed an impressive gear - change as he stretched 8 lengths clear of a well - regarded paul nicholls inmate , alibi de sivola , who himself was clear of the rest .
runner - up on his sole start in an irish point - to - point , stellar notion made a winning debut under rules in a bumper at bangor - on - dee in december before making a successful start to his hurdles career , in a heavy ground novice at newcastle the following month . a strapping son of presenting , there was no disgrace in failing to concede 6lbs to un ace on his only subsequent outing and he is certainly worth following off his opening handicap mark of 121 .
the pair have since bounced back in fantastic style , winning the grade 1 sodexo clarence house chase at ascot . in beating an inform sire de grugy by five lengths under the gary moore’s horse ideal conditions , it was a big statement pre - cheltenham . quite simply , he’s the one they all have to beat , but at a price of 4 / 5 is no good to us from an ante - post betting perspective .


oligodon is genus of colubrid snakes that was first described by the austrian zoologist fitzinger in 1826 .

this genus is widespread throughout central and tropical asia .

oligodon

oligodon everetti boulenger 1893 : 524 oligodon everetti — manthey 1983 oligodon everetti — manthey & grossmann 1997 : 369 oligodon everetti — malkmus et al . 2002 oligodon everetti — wallach et al . 2014 : 487 oligodon everetti — wallach et al . 2014 : 497
keywords : reptilia , quang nam province , hemipenis , maxillary teeth , oligodon chinensis , oligodon culaochamensis sp . nov .
coronella taeniolata jerdon 1853 : 528 ( nomen protectum ) coluber taeniolatus daudin 1803 ( nomen oblitum ) oligodon taeniolatus — wall 1921 xenodon dubium jerdon 1853 ( fide smith 1943 ) oligodon subgriseum duméril & bibron 1854 : 59 ( fide smith 1943 ) oligodon subgriseus — günther 1864 ( fide smith 1943 ) oligodon spilonotus günther 1864 ( fide smith 1943 ) oligodon fasciatus — günther 1864 ( fide smith 1943 ) oligodon elliotti — günther 1864 ( fide smith 1943 ) oligodon subgriseus alternans bethancourt - ferreira 1897 ( fide smith ) oligodon subgriseus — wall 1905 : 298 oligodon elliottii — wall 1909 : 533 oligodon taeniolatus var . ceylonicus wall 1921 : 240 ( fide smith 1943 ) oligodon taeniolatus — smith 1943 : 223 contia transcaspica nikolsky 1903 ( fide khalikov , pers . comm . ) oligodon taeniolatus — das 1996 : 58 oligodon taeniolatus ceylonicus — janzen et al . 2007 oligodon taeniolatus — wallach et al . 2014 : 503 oligodon taeniolatus fasciatus ( günther 1864 ) oligodon taeniolatus fasciatus — murthy 2010
simotes taeniatus günther 1861 : 267 simotes quadrilineatus jan & sordelli 1865 simotes quadrilineatus jan 1866 : 7 ( fide saint - girons 1972 , david et al . 2008 ) simotes taeniatus — boulenger 1894 : 227 simotes taeniatus var . mouhoti boulenger 1914 : 70 ( fide smith 1943 ) holarchus taeniatus taeniatus — cochran 1930 oligodon taeniatus — smith 1943 : 208 oligodon quadrilineatus — smith 1943 : 210 oligodon quadrilineatus — taylor 1965 oligodon taeniatus — manthey & grossmann 1997 : 372 oligodon taeniatus — cox et al . 1998 : 61 oligodon quadrilineatus — zug et al . 1998 oligodon quadrilineatus — chan - ard et al . 1999 : 176 oligodon taeniatus — chan - ard et al . 1999 : 34 oligodon taeniatus — green et al . 2010 oligodon quadrilineatus — das 2012 oligodon taeniatus — wallach et al . 2014 : 503
wagner , f . w . ( 1975 ) a revision of the asian colubrid snakes oligodon cinereus ( günther ) , oligodon joynsoni ( smith ) , and oligodon cyclurus ( cantor ) . unpublished ms thesis , baton rouge , louisiana state university , 97 pp .
reptilia , hon ba , hemipenis , indochina , maxillary teeth , oligodon condaoensis sp . nov .
coronella cyclura cantor 1839 : 50 coronella violacea cantor 1839 simotes bicatenatus günther 1864 simotes cochinchinensis günther 1864 simotes brevicauda steindachner 1867 simotes bicatenatus — anderson 1871 : 170 simotes bicatenatus — stoliczka 1873 simotes cyclurus — boulenger 1890 simotes cyclurus — wall 1908 : 780 simotes albocinctus dorsolateralis wall 1909 ( fide wagner , pers . comm . ) simotes albocinctus var . dorsolateralis — wall 1910 holarchus cyclurus — smith 1920 oligodon purpurascens wall 1923 ( non schlegel ) simotes smithi werner 1925 ( fide smith 1928 ) holarchus purpurascens — cochran 1930 oligodon cyclurus — smith 1943 : 202 oligodon dorsolateralis — taylor 1965 rhynchocalamus violaceus olygodon [ sic ] cyclurus — schulz 1988 oligodon dorsolateralis — das 1996 : 58 oligodon dorsolateralis — chan - ard et al . 1999 : 34 oligodon dorsolateralis — pauwels et al . 2002 oligodon cyclurus — green et al . 2010 oligodon cyclurus — david et al . 2011 oligodon cyclurus — wallach et al . 2014 : 496
reptilia , thailand , oligodon saiyok sp . nov . , new species , taxonomy , limestone cave , buddhist temple
elaps octo - lineatus schneider 1801 : 299 coluber octolineatus — shaw 1802 coronella octolineata — boie 1827 simotes octolineatus — duméril , bibron & duméril 1854 : 634 simotes octolineatus — boulenger 1885 : 389 simotes octolineatus var . a — lampe 1902 simotes octolineatus — lidth de jeude 1922 : 245 holarchus octolineatus — barbour 1912 oligodon octolineatus — wall 1923 oligodon octolineatus — manthey & grossmann 1997 : 369 oligodon octolineatus — tillack & günther 2010 oligodon octolineatus — wallach et al . 2014 : 501
campides - main , simon m . 1969 . the status of oligodon taeniatus ( günther ) , 1861 , and oligodon mouhoti ( boulenger ) , 1914 ( serpentes , colubridae ) . herpetologica 25 ( 4 ) : 295 - 299 - get paper here
bauer , a . m . 2003 . on the status of the name oligodon taeniolatus ( jerdon , 1853 ) and its long - ignored senior synonym and secondary homonym , oligodon taeniolatus ( daudin , 1803 ) . hamadryad 27 : 205 - 213 .
tillack , frank 2008 . oligodon rhombifer werner , 1924 , a junior synonym of oligodon ancorus ( girard , 1857 ) ( reptilia : squamata : colubridae ) . russ . j . herpetol . 15 ( 2 ) : 122 - 128 - get paper here
tillack , frank and rainer günther 2010 . revision of the species of oligodon from sumatra and adjacent islands , with comments on the taxonomic status of oligodon subcarinatus ( günther , 1872 ) and oligodon annulifer ( boulenger , 1893 ) from borneo ( reptilia , squamata , colubridae ) . russ . j . herpetol . 16 ( 4 ) : 265 - 294 [ 2009 ] - get paper here
a new species of kukri snake ( oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ; squamata : colubridae ) from the cat tien national park , southern vietnam .
campden - main , s . m . 1970 . the identity of oligodon cyclurus ( cantor , 1839 ) and revalidation of oligodon brevicauda ( steindachner , 1867 ) ( serpentes : colubridae ) . proc . biol . soc . washington 82 ( 58 ) : 763 - 765 - get paper here
pauwels o s g ( 2007 ) . a new species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) from southern vietnam and cambodia .
a new species of kukri snake ( oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ; squamata : colubridae ) from the cat tien national park , southern vietnam . - pubmed - ncbi
when disturbed and threatened , oligodon ornatus may put on quite a show of theatrics , including open display of its hemipenes , as well as tail coiling and thrashing .
dotsenko i b 1984 . morphological characters and ecological peculiarities of oligodon taeniolatus ( serpentes , colubridae ) . vestnik zoologii , kiev 1984 ( 4 ) : 23 - 26
david , patrick & gernot vogel 2012 . a new species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) from pulau nias , indonesia . zootaxa 3201 : 58–68
schulz , klaus - dieter 1987 . erfahrungen mit kukri - nattern der gattung oligodon ( boie 1827 ) . herpetofauna 9 ( 52 ) : 32 - 34 - get paper here
leviton , a . e . ( 1953 ) a new snake of the genus oligodon from annam . journal of the washington academy of sciences , 43 ( 12 ) , 422–424 .
wall , f . ( 1905 ) description of a new snake from burma . oligodon mcdougalli . the journal of the bombay natural history society , 16 ( 2 ) , 251–252 .
wall , f . 1909 . discovery of a second specimen of the rare snake oligodon elliottii . j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 19 : 533 - get paper here
kreutz , r . 1993 . zur ernährung der kukri - natter oligodon cyclurus smithi ( werner , 1925 ) . sauria 15 ( 3 ) : 25 - 26 - get paper here
grossmann , w . 1992 . beitrag zur biologie der kukri - natter oligodon cyclurus smithi ( werner , 1925 ) . sauria 14 ( 2 ) : 3 - 10 - get paper here
pellegrin , j . ( 1910 ) description d’une variété nouvelle de l’ oligodon herberti boulenger , provenant du tonkin . bulletin de la société zoologique de france , 35 ( 2 ) , 30–32 .
boulenger , g . a . ( 1918 ) description of a new snake of the genus oligodon from upper burma . proceedings of the zoological society of london , 89 ( 1 ) , 9–10 .
vassilieva , a . b . ( 2015 ) a new species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) from coastal southern vietnam . zootaxa , 4058 ( 2 ) , 211–226 .
deepak , v . and s . harikrishnan . 2013 . on the identity of two oligodon species in the collection at zoological survey of india , kolkata . hamadryad 36 ( 2 ) : 182 - 184
vassilieva , a . b . ( 2015 ) a new species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) from coastal southern vietnam . zootaxa , 4058 ( 2 ) , 211–226 . urltoken
neang , t . & hun , s . ( 2013 ) first record of oligodon annamensis leviton , 1953 ( squamata : colubridae ) from the cardamom mountains of southwest cambodia . herpetology notes , 6 , 271–273 .
david , patrick ; gernot vogel , johan van rooijen 2011 . the name - bearing type of oligodon quadrilineatus ( jan & sordelli , 1865 ) ( squamata : colubridae ) . zootaxa 3111 : 67–68 - get paper here
david , patrick ; indraneil das & gernot vogel 2011 . on some taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in indian species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) . zootaxa 2799 : 1–14 - get paper here
green , m . d . , orlov , n . l . & murphy , r . w . ( 2010 ) toward a phylogeny of the kukri snakes , genus oligodon . asian herpetological research , 1 , 1–21 .
leong , t . m . & grismer , l . l . ( 2004 ) a new species of kukri snake , oligodon ( colubridae ) from pulau tioman , west malaysia . asiatic herpetological research , 10 , 12–16 .
green , marc d . ; nikolai l . orlov and robert w . murphy 2010 . toward a phylogeny of the kukri snakes , genus oligodon . asian herpetological research 1 ( 1 ) : 1 - 21 - get paper here
green , m . d . ( 2010 ) molecular phylogeny of the snake genus oligodon ( serpentes : colubridae ) , with an annotated checklist and key . master of science thesis , university of toronto , viii + 161 pp .
pauwels , o . s . g . , kunya , k . & vogel , g . ( 2008 ) über ein albinoexemplar von oligodon fasciolatus ( serpentes : colubridae ) aus thailand . elaphe , 16 ( 2 ) , 54–56 .
seetharamaraju , midathala ; chelmala srinivasulu and bhargavi srinivasulu . 2011 . new records of oligodon taeniolatus ( jerdon , 1853 ) ( reptilia : colubridae ) in andhra pradesh , india . herpetology notes 4 : 421 - 423 - get paper here
david , p . , das , i . & vogel , g . ( 2011 ) on some taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in indian species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) . zootaxa , 2799 , 1–14 .
green , m . d . , orlov , n . l . & murphy , r . w . ( 2010 ) toward a phylogeny of the kukri snakes , genus oligodon . asian herpetological research , 1 ( 1 ) , 1–21 .
deshmukh , r . v . , sager a . deshmukh & swapnil a . badhekar 2016 . first records of oligodon taeniolatus and bungarus sindanus walli from nagpur district , maharashtra , india reptile rap ( 18 ) : 40–42 - get paper here
pauwels , o . s . g . ; kunya , k . & vogel , g . 2008 . über ein albinoexemplar von oligodon fasciolatus ( serpentes : colubridae ) aus thailand . elaphe 16 ( 2 ) : 54 - 56 - get paper here
david , p . , vogel , g . & pauwels , o . s . g . ( 2008a ) a new species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) from southern vietnam and cambodia . zootaxa , 1939 , 19–37 .
jablonski , d . , bursey , c . r . , christophoryová , j . , luu , v . q . & goldberg , s . r . 2017 . oligodon taeniatus ( striped kukri snake ) endoparasite . herpetological review 48 ( 4 ) : 864
david , p . ; vogel , g . & pauwels , o . s . g . 2008 . a new species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) from southern vietnam and cambodia . zootaxa 1939 : 19–37 - get paper here
neang , thy ; l . lee grismer & jennifer c . daltry 2012 . a new species of kukri snake ( colubridae : oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ) from the phnom samkos wildlife sanctuary , cardamom mountains , southwest cambodia . zootaxa 3388 : 41–55 - get paper here
synonymy tentatively ( mostly ) after smith 1943 : 202 . oligodon kheriensis acharji & ray 1936 has been removed from the synonymy of oligodon cyclurus by david et al . 2011 . oligodon cyclurus smithi and o . c . superfluens ( taylor 1965 ) become synonyms of o . fasciolatus fide pauwels et al . ( 2003 ) . types : note that two neotypes have been designated : one by ( campden - main 1970 ) and one by wagner ( 1975 ) in an unpublished thesis . similar species : has been confused with o . fasciolatus , a population with 21 or 23 scale rows at midbody from se myanmar , thailand , cambodia , laos and vietnam . o . cylurus has 19 scale rows and is restricted to india , bangladesh and myanmar fide pauwels et al . 2002 . distribution : possibly in bhutan ( lenz 2012 ) .
nguyen , sang ngoc ; vu dang hoang nguyen , son hong le , robert w . murphy 2016 . a new species of kukri snake ( squamata : colubridae : oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ) from con dao islands , southern vietnam zootaxa 4139 ( 2 ) : 261–273 - get paper here
david , p . , vogel , g . & van rooijen , j . ( 2008b ) a revision of the oligodon taeniatus ( günther , 1861 ) group ( squamata : colubridae ) , with the description of three new species from the indochinese region . zootaxa , 1965 , 1–49 .
hasan , m . k . , feeroz , m . m . , ahmed , s . , ahmed , a . & saha , s . ( 2013 ) the confirmed record of oligodon albocinctus ( cantor , 1839 ) from bangladesh . taprobanica , 5 ( 1 ) , 77–80 .
neang , t . , grismer , l . l . & daltry , j . c . ( 2012 ) a new species of kukri snake ( colubridae : oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ) from the phnom samkos wildlife sanctuary , cardamom mountains , southwest cambodia . zootaxa , 3388 , 41–55 .
david , p . ; vogel , g . & van rooijen , j . 2008 . a revision of the oligodon taeniatus ( günther , 1861 ) group ( squamata : colubridae ) , with the description of three new species from the indochinese region . zootaxa 1965 : 1–49 - get paper here
huang , w . - s . , greene , h . w . , chang , t . - j . & shine , r . ( 2011 ) territorial behavior in taiwanese kukrisnakes ( oligodon formosanus ) . proceedings of the national academy of sciences , 108 ( 18 ) , 7455–7459 .
david , p . , vogel , g . & rooijen , j . v . ( 2008b ) a revision of the oligodon taeniatus ( günther , 1861 ) group ( squamata : colubridae ) , with the description of three new species from the indochinese region . zootaxa , 1965 , 1–49 .
zhang , j . , jang , k . , li , p . - p . , hou , m . & rao , d . - q . ( 2011 ) taxonomic revisions on genus oligodon of china ( serpentes , colubridae ) . acta zootaxonomica sinica , 36 ( 2 ) , 423–430 .
david , patrick ; truong quang nguyen , tao thien nguyen , ke jiang , tianbo chen , alexandre teynié & thomas ziegler 2012 . a new species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) from northern vietnam , southern china and central laos . zootaxa 3498 : 45–62 - get paper here
jiang , ke ; tianbo chen , patrick david , gernot vogel , mian hou , zhiyong yuan , yuanjun meng and jing che 2012 . on the occurrence of oligodon joynsoni ( smith , 1917 ) in china ( squamata : colubridae ) . asian herpetological research 3 ( 4 ) : 316–321 - get paper here
pauwels , o . s . g . , wallach , v . , david , p . & chanhome , l . ( 2002 ) a new species of oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( serpentes , colubridae ) from southern peninsular thailand . natural history journal of chulalongkorn university , 2 ( 2 ) , 7–18 .
pauwels , o . s . g . , wallach , v . , david , p . & chanhome , l . 2002 . a new species of oligodon ( serpentes , colubridae ) from southern peninsular thailand . natural history journal of chulalongkorn university , 2 ( 2 ) : 7 - 18 - get paper here
nguyen , s . n . , nguyen , v . d . h . , le , s . h . & murphy , r . w . ( 2016 ) a new species of kukri snake ( squamata : colubridae : oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ) from con dao islands , southern vietnam . zootaxa , 4139 ( 2 ) , 261–273 .
vassilieva , anna b . ; peter geissler , eduard a . galoyan , nikolay jr a . poyarkov , robert wayne van devender , wolfgang böhme 2013 . a new species of kukri snake ( oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ; squamata : colubridae ) from the cat tien national park , southern vietnam . zootaxa 3702 ( 3 ) : 233–246 - get paper here
van rooijen , j . , wood , p . l . , grismer , j . l . , grismer , l . l . & grossmann , w . ( 2011 ) color pattern dimorphism in the colubrid snake oligodon purpurascens ( schlegel , 1837 ) ( reptilia : squamata ) . russian journal of herpetology , 18 ( 3 ) , 215–220 .
hawkeswood , t . j . & b . sommung 2018 . a further record of the striped kukri snake , oligodon taeniatus ( günther , 1861 ) ( reptilia : colubridae ) from ubon ratchathani province , thailand , with a review of literature on the biology and distribution of the species in thailand . calodema , 605 : 1 - 6 - get paper here
teynié , alexandre and patrick david . 2007 . additions to the snake fauna of southern laos , with the second laotian specimen of naja siamensis ( laurenti , 1768 ) and the forst country record of oligodon taeniatus ( günther , 1861 ) ( squamata , serpentes ) . russ . j . herpetol . 14 ( 1 ) : 39 - 44 - get paper here
this dataset contains the digitized treatments in plazi based on the original journal article david , patrick , vogel , gernot , pauwels , olivier s . g . ( 2008 ) : a new species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) from southern vietnam and cambodia . zootaxa 1939 : 19 - 37 , doi : 10 . 5281 / zenodo . 274609
david , p . , nguyen , t . q . , nguyen , t . t . , jiang , k . , chen , t . , teynié , a . & ziegler , t . ( 2012 ) a new species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) from northern vietnam , southern china and central laos . zootaxa , 3498 , 45–62 .
jiang , k . , chen , t . , david , p . , vogel , g . , hou , m . , yuan , z . , meng , y . & che , j . ( 2012 ) on the occurrence of oligodon joynsoni ( smith , 1917 ) in china ( squamata : colubridae ) . asian herpetological research , 3 ( 4 ) , 316–321 .
david , p . , nguyen , t . q . , nguyen , t . t . , jiang , k . , chen , t . , teynie , a . & ziegler , t . ( 2012 ) a new species of the genus oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ( squamata : colubridae ) from northern vietnam , southern china and central laos . zootaxa , 3498 , 45–62 .
similar species : gaulke ( 1996 ) allocates oligodon specimens form sibutu to o . meyerinkii but notes the similarity in coloration with o . octolineatus . distribution : the latest record of this species from sulawesi is from de rooij , 1917 . de lang & vogel ( 2005 ) and koch 2012 : 318 thus consider this species as doubtful for this island . synonymy mostly after tillack & günther 2010 .
vassilieva , a . b . , geissler , p . , galoyan , e . a . , poyarkov , n . a . , wayne van devender , r . & böhme , w . ( 2013 ) a new species of kukri snake ( oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ; squamata : colubridae ) from the cat tien national park , southern vietnam . zootaxa , 3702 ( 3 ) , 233–246 .
vassilieva , a . b . , geissler , p . , galoyan , e . a . , poyarkov , n . a . , van devender , r . w . & bohme , w . ( 2013 ) a new species of kukri snake ( oligodon fitzinger , 1826 ; squamata : colubridae ) from the cat tien national park , southern vietnam . zootaxa , 3702 ( 3 ) , 233–246 . urltoken
orlov , n . l . , ryabov , s . a . , nguyen , t . t . & nguyen , t . q . ( 2010 ) rediscovery and redescription of two rare snake species : oligodon lacroixi angel et bourret , 1933 and maculophis bellus chapaensis ( bourret , 1934 ) [ squamata : ophidia : colubridae ] from fansipan mountains , northern vietnam . russian journal of herpetology , 17 ( 4 ) , 310–322 .
justification : oligodon lacroixi has provisionally been assessed as vulnerable as it has an known extent of occurrence of approximately 9 , 150 km 2 ( based on its distribution in vietnam , as no meaningful estimate of its extent of occurrence around either chinese locality is possible ) , it is known from only three locations , defined by a threat from agricultural expansion , and there is a continuing decline in the quality and extent of its forest habitat .
similar species : note that specimens of this species may have been confused with o . mouhoti , o . deuvei , o . pseudotaeniatus , or o . theobaldi . distribution : records from yunnan may be erroneous ( jiang et al 2012 , zhang et al . 2011 ) and actually represent o . cinereus . not listed by zhao 2006 for china . illustration : in chan - ard et al . 2015 , although the drawings of oligodon joynsoni and o . taeniatus have been mixed up ( fide pauwels & grismer 2015 ) .
casuarina oligodon is an evergreen tree growing to 25 m ( 82ft ) by 25 m ( 82ft ) at a medium rate . it is hardy to zone ( uk ) 10 . and are pollinated by wind . it can fix nitrogen . suitable for : light ( sandy ) , medium ( loamy ) and heavy ( clay ) soils and prefers well - drained soil . suitable ph : acid , neutral and basic ( alkaline ) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils . it cannot grow in the shade . it prefers moist soil .
casuarina oligodon is an evergreen tree with foliage consisting of slender , well - branched green to grey - green twigs bearing minute scale - leaves in whorls of 5 - 20 . it grows up to 30 m tall and is a tropical highland species . it is considered to be one of the best firewood producing trees in the world . its wood is hard and heavy and used as material for fences , houses , poles , and general construction . also , it has an extensive root system making it an ideal species to control soil erosion on steep slopes . found in : indonesia , papua new guinea , israel
snakes that specialize on the eggs of birds usually swallow eggs whole then crush them . oligodon instead uses enlarged , blade - like rear maxillary teeth to make repeated slashes in the leathery egg shell , inserts its head , and swallows the yolk . the mechanics of cutting involve cycles of extreme displacement of the maxillary bone , whose blade - like teeth are swung in arcs to make ever deeper slashes in the shell until a slit is formed . the cycles during cutting involve protraction , engagement , and retraction of the palatomaxillary arch of one side while the contralateral jaws maintain a continuous hold on the egg surface
. ( source )
we describe oligodon saiyok sp . nov . from benjarat nakhon cave temple , sai yok district , kanchanaburi province , western thailand . it is characterized by a maximal known svl of 626 . 1 mm ; 13 maxillary teeth , the posterior two enlarged ; 8 supralabials ; 17 - 17 - 15 dorsal scale rows ; 181–187 ventrals and 38–43 subcaudals ; a single anal ; hemipenes extending in situ to the 18 th subcaudal ; dorsum with 21–22 dark blotches or white rings without vertebral or lateral stripes ; and venter with a dense network of subrectangular dark blotches . it is the 7 th squamate species believed to be endemic to sai yok district .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
boulenger , g . a . 1885 . a list of reptiles and batrachians from the island of nias . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 16 : 388 - 389 - get paper here
das , i . 2012 . a naturalist ' s guide to the snakes of south - east asia : malaysia , singapore , thailand , myanmar , borneo , sumatra , java and bali . oxford j , ohn beaufoy publishing - get paper here
david , p . & vogel , g . 1996 . the snakes of sumatra . an annotated checklist and key with natural history notes . bücher kreth , frankfurt / m .
filippi , f . de 1840 . catalogo raggionato e descrittivo . . . serpenti del museo dell’ i . r . universitá de pavia . bibliot . ital . 99 : 163 - 187 , 306 - 343
gaulke , maren 1996 . die herpetofauna von sibutu island ( philippinen ) , unter berücksichtigung zoogeographischer und ökologischer aspekte . senckenbergiana biologica 75 ( 1 / 2 ) : 45 - 56
jan , g . 1865 . iconographie générale des ophidiens . 12 . livraison . j . b . bailière et fils , paris - get paper here
lang , r . de & g . vogel 2005 . the snakes of sulawesi . a field guide to the land snakes of sulawesi with identification keys . frankfurter beiträge zur naturkunde , 25 , edition chimaira , frankfurt am main , 312 pp .
lidth de jeude , t . w . van 1922 . snakes from sumatra . zoologische mededelingen 6 : 239 - 253 . - get paper here
malkmus , r . ; manthey , u . ; vogel , g . hoffmann , p . & kosuch , j . 2002 . amphibians and reptiles of mount kinabalu ( north borneo ) . a . r . g . ganther verlag , rugell , 404 pp .
manthey , u . & grossmann , w . 1997 . amphibien & reptilien südostasiens . natur und tier verlag ( münster ) , 512 pp . - get paper here
rooijen , j . van & myriam van rooijen . 2007 . the land snakes of the santubong peninsula , sarawak , borneo : a preliminary list of species with natural history notes . russ . j . herpetol . 14 ( 1 ) : 27 - 38 - get paper here
schneider , johann gottlob 1801 . historiae amphibiorum naturalis et literariae . fasciculus secundus continens crocodilos , scincos , chamaesauras , boas . pseudoboas , elapes , angues . amphisbaenas et caecilias . frommanni , jena . 374 pp . - get paper here
teo , r . c . h . & rajathurai , s . 1997 . mammals , reptiles and amphibians in the nature reserves of singapore - diversity , abundance and distribution . proc . nature reserves survey seminar . gardens’ bulletin singapore 49 : 353 - 425
teynié , alexandre ; patrick david , & annemarie ohler 2010 . note on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from western sumatra ( indonesia ) , with the description of a new species of the genus bufo . zootaxa 2416 : 1–43 - get paper here
wallach , van ; kenneth l . williams , jeff boundy 2014 . snakes of the world : a catalogue of living and extinct species . taylor and francis , crc press , 1237 pp .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
holotype : bmnh 1946 . 1 . 3 . 27 ( male ) . collected by henri mouhot . holotype : mnhn ; note that the neotypes were designated erroneously by david et al . 2008 , see david et al . 2011 [ quadrilineatus ]
barbour , thomas 1909 . notes on amphibia and reptilia from eastern asia . proc . new england zool . club 4 : 53 - 78 , 2 plates - get paper here
boulenger , george a . 1894 . catalogue of the snakes in the british museum ( natural history ) . volume ii . , containing the conclusion of the colubridæ aglyphæ . british mus . ( nat . hist . ) , london , xi , 382 pp . - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1914 . descriptions of new reptiles from siam . j . nat . hist . soc . siam 1 : 67 - 76
chan - ard , t . , parr , j . w . k . & nabhitabhata , j . 2015 . a field guide to the reptiles of thailand . oxford university press , ny , 352 pp . [ see book reviews by pauwels & grismer 2015 and hikida 2015 for corrections ] - get paper here
chan - ard , t . ; grossmann , w . ; gumprecht , a . & schulz , k . d . 1999 . amphibians and reptiles of peninsular malaysia and thailand - an illustrated checklist [ bilingual english and german ] . bushmaster publications , würselen , gemany , 240 pp . [ book review in russ . j herp . 7 : 87 ] - get paper here
cox , merel j . ; van dijk , peter paul ; jarujin nabhitabhata & thirakhupt , kumthorn 1998 . a photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of peninsular malaysia , singapore and thailand . ralph curtis publishing , 144 pp .
deuve , j . 1961 . liste annotee des serpents du laos . bull . soc . sci . nat . laos 1 : 5 - 32 .
günther , a . 1861 . second list of siamese reptiles . proc . zool . soc . london 1861 : 187 - 189 - get paper here
günther , a . 1861 . second list of siamese reptiles . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 8 : 266 - 268 - get paper here
hartmann , timo ; flora ihlow , sarah edwards , sovath sothanin , markus handschuh and wolfgang böhme 2013 . a preliminary annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the kulen promtep wildlife sanctuary in northern cambodia . asian herpetological research 4 ( 1 ) : 36–55 - get paper here
jan , g . 1866 . in : in f . bocourt , notes sur les reptiles , les batraciens et les poisons recueilis pendant un voyage dans le royaume de siam . nouv . arch . mus . paris 2 ( 4 ) : 4–20 - get paper here
karns , d . r . ; murphy , j . c . ; voris , h . k . & suddeth , j . s . 2005 . comparison of semi - aquatic snake communities associated with the khorat basin , thailand . the natural history journal of chulalongkorn university 5 ( 2 ) : 73 - 90
pauwels , olivier s . g . and l . lee grismer . 2015 . book review : a field guide to the reptiles of thailand . herpetological review 46 ( 3 ) : 456 - 459
saint - girons , h . 1972 . les serpents du cambodge . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , série a , zoologie 74 : 1 - 170
sang , nguyen van ; ho thu cuc , nguyen , quang truong 2009 . herpetofauna of vietnam . chimaira , frankfurt , 768 pp .
smith , m . a . 1943 . the fauna of british india , ceylon and burma , including the whole of the indo - chinese sub - region . reptilia and amphibia . 3 ( serpentes ) . taylor and francis , london . 583 pp .
taylor , e . h . 1965 . the serpents of thailand and adjacent waters . univ . kansas sci . bull . 45 ( 9 ) : 609 - 1096 - get paper here
voris , h . k . 2006 . assessment of biodiversity among southeast asian amphibians and reptiles . the natural history journal of chulalongkorn university 6 ( 1 ) : 1 - 10 - get paper here
ziegler , thomas ; ralf hendrix , vu ngoc thanh , martina vogt , bernhard forster & dang ngoc kien 2007 . the diversity of a snake community in a karst forest ecosystem in the central truong son , vietnam , with an identification key . zootaxa 1493 : 1 - 40 - get paper here
zug , george r . ; win , htun ; thin , thin ; min , than zaw ; lhon , win zaw ; kyaw , kyaw 1998 . herpetofauna of the chatthin wildlife sanctuary , north - central myanmar with preliminary observations of their natural history . hamadryad 23 ( 2 ) : 111 - 120
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
this is a species complex , containing at least two recognized forms ( q . t . nguyen pers . comm . august 2011 ) . it has also been confused with
should be confined to eastern india , bangladesh , myanmar and west thailand . research is ongoing to clarify the taxonomy of this group . this concept is applied here .
thy , n . , chan - ard , t . & nguyen , t . q .
justification : listed as least concern on the basis that this species is widespread and somewhat adaptable , it occurs in several protected areas and is not subject to major threats , and is therefore presumed to occur as a stable population .
2009 , t . chan - ard pers . comm . august 2011 ) . in viet nam it has been reported from the provinces of lai cau , cao bang , vinh phuc , hai duong , son la , ha tay , nghe an , ha tinh , quang tri , da nang , gia lai , dak lac , lam dong , dong nai , ba ria - vung tau , an giang , kien giang and ca mau , and from ho chi minh district ( ngueyn
this snake is common in thailand , but known from few specimens in indochina . the population is thought to be stable in the absence of major threats .
this oviparous , terrestrial snake has been found in both open , disturbed habitats and lowland evergreen forest , including both primary and secondary forest ( t . chan - ard and q . t . nguyen pers . comm . august 2011 ) ; in the latter it is sometimes found along streams ( t . chan - ard pers . comm . august 2011 ) . it is active both by day and at night .
there are no major threats to this species , which adapts well to open and degraded habitats .
no species - specific conservation measures are in place , although it has been recorded from protected areas . research is underway to clarify the taxonomy of this species complex .
thy , n . , chan - ard , t . & nguyen , t . q . 2012 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
the species was described in 2004 , although specimens are known since 1962 ( leong & grismer 2004 ) .
justification : this species is only known from a single location on the island of tioman , a patch of less than 100 km 2 which is all that remains of the original forest . this forest is not legally protected and deforestation is already becoming a problem . as the island itself has an area of little over 130 km 2 , ongoing commercial development activities are likely to further accelerate habitat loss . in addition , due to the very small size of the population , there is also the potential for stochastic events to lead to extinction ( r . inger pers . comm . 2011 ) . the species is listed as critically endangered as it is confined to an area of less than 100 km 2 , it is found in a single location at risk from development , and there is a continuing decline in the quality and extent of remaining forest habitat . in addition , as it is projected that the present rate of habitat loss due to deforestation could lead to the destruction of the entire forested area , and hence a reduction in the population of this snake by as much as 100 % , in the next 10 years .
this species is endemic to the seribuat archipelago in west malaysia , where it is only known to occur on tioman island ( grismer et al . 2006 ) . the maximum area in which this species is known to be distributed is the area of forest on the island , which is less than 100 km² .
two specimens were recorded at 98 m . asl . in one pitfall trap ( i . das pers . comm . 2011 ) . only three specimens are known and were used to describe the species . there are no population data available for this species . due to the rate of deforestation on tioman , which may result in the complete loss of forest from the island within the next 10 years , the species is likely to be already declining or to decline in the near future , and is likely to become extinct within the same time period without preventative action to preserve its forest habitat .
the forests of tioman are not protected and are currently subject to private management . the island is a well - known tourist destination and development for both residential and tourist areas is both ongoing and expanding , which is degrading and removing this species ' forest habitat at a rate which may result in the complete loss of forest from the island within ten years .
while there are no direct conservation measures for this species in place at present , most of tioman was declared a ' state wildlife reserve ' in 1972 ( ng et al . 1999 ) . according to i . das ( pers . comm . 2011 ) , this is not part of the protected area system and is currently under of the management of private hands .
twenty additional lizards and snakes are endemic to the same forest patch , making this a priority area for conservation in malaysia ( i . das and g . vogel pers . comm . 2011 ) . conservation measures should be undertaken , along with further research into the trends in abundance , and the impact of altered habitat status on this species . due to the number of endemic species known to be present in the island , the distribution should be included within the national protected area system .
further research into the abundance , habitat requirements and ecology of this species is suggested , and population monitoring is recommended .
de silva , r . , milligan , ht , wearn , o . r . , wren , s . , zamin , t . , sears , j . , wilson , p . , lewis , s . , lintott , p . & powney , g .
this species is found in yunnan and southern sichuan provinces , china , and in northern vietnam . specimens from vietnam have been reported from sa pa ( lao cai province ) , in the fan si pan mountains ( nguyen
2010 ) . the snake has been reported from 1 , 400 to 1 , 900 m asl . its extent of occurrence in vietnam is approximately 9 , 150 km
; based on the paucity of records in china its global extent of occurrence cannot meaningfully be estimated .
this is a very rare species , and only eight specimens have been recorded despite intensive surveys in sa pa over the past 50 years . it is known from only two specimens in china , one from sichuan and one from yunnan ( orlov
2010 ) . as the three known localities are widely separated , it is expected to occur as a severely fragmented population .
2010 ) . no other ecological information is available . it is likely to be nocturnal and oviparous , in common with other species of
it is likely that this species is experiencing habitat loss and degradation in portions of its inferred range , as some deforestation is occurring in this region due to the expansion of agriculture for cardamom production , and logging for timber .
there are no species - specific conservation measures in place , although it has been reported from protected areas . research into its population status , distribution and natural history is needed , as well as on its exposure and sensitivity to threats .
greek , poly = a lot of + greek , daktylos = finger ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; brackish ; demersal . tropical ; 29°n - 25°s , 81°w - 34°w ( ref . 57343 )
western atlantic : southern florida to santos , brazil . not occurring in the gulf of mexico and western caribbean sea .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 46 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 7251 ) ; common length : 25 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 3796 ) ; max . published weight : 620 . 00 g ( ref . 40637 )
occurs along sandy or muddy shores ( ref . 7251 ) . not of great commercial importance ( ref . 26938 ) .
motomura , h . , 2004 . threadfins of the world ( family polynemidae ) . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date . fao spec . cat . fish . purp . rome : fao . 3 : 117 p . ( ref . 57343 )
) : 26 . 1 - 28 , mean 27 . 3 ( based on 118 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 7 ±0 . 5 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 27 of 100 ) .
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northern and central taiwan , at altitudes of 500 - 1000 m . endangered . ( distribution map )
south china ( sichuan , hunan , fujian , anhui , guangxi , jiangxi , zhejiang ) , taiwan .
this cathemeral ( diurnal or nocturnal ) snake inhabits mountainous regions or plantations . it preys mainly on reptile eggs ; the large , laterally flattened posterior teeth in the upper jaw and the large rostral shield are adapted to cut open and thrust into the eggs . oviparous .
s gurkha soldiers . in defense , these teeth are used in a slashing manner which can cause gaping wounds that may bleed profusely - probably an effect of the snake ' s saliva which is rumored to possess anticoagulant qualities .
means
tooth
; referring to the low number of teeth in the upper jaw .
( 1 )
opisthoglyphous snakes are similar to aglyphous ( fangless ) snakes , but possess weak venom , which is injected by means of a pair of enlarged teeth at the back of the maxillae ( upper jaw ) . these
fangs
typically point backwards rather than straight down , possess a groove which channels venom into the prey , and are located roughly halfway back in the mouth , which has led to the vernacular name of
rear - fanged snakes
. ( source )
new & recent described flora & fauna species from all over the world esp . asia , oriental , indomalayan & malesiana region
natural history . all specimens were collected . . on the ground in dry primary forests or plantations , usually near the bank of small streams . the stomach of the holotype contained two soft shell eggs ( size 15 mm x 7 mm ) . these eggs probably belong to a snake or lizard .
distribution . the new species is currently known only from cu lao cham islands , quang nam province , vietnam .
etymology . the specific epithet culaochamensis is derived from cu lao cham islands , where the new species was discovered .
sang ngoc nguyen , luan thanh nguyen , vu dang hoang nguyen , hoa thi phan , ke jiang and robert w murphy . 2017 . a new species of the genus
wuodendron b . xue , y . h . tan & chaowasku wuodendron praecox ( hook . f . & thomson ) b . xue , y . h . tan & x . l . hou in xue , tan . . .
[ botany • 2017 ] begonia fulgurata | ดาดดารารัศมี • a new species ( sect . diploclinium , begoniaceae ) from chiang mai , northern thailand
begonia fulgurata c . - i peng , c . w . lin & phutthai ดาดดารารัศมี | | doi : 10 . 3767 / blumea . 2017 . 62 . 03 . 01 urltoken be . . .
chamaelirium viridiflorum l . wang , z . c . liu & w . b . liao in liu , feng , wang & liao , 2018 . doi : 10 . 11646 / phytotaxa . 357 . . . .
great - billed seed - finch sporophila maximiliani ( cabanis , 1851 ) in ubaid , silveira , medolago , et . al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 11646 / . . .
endocerids with their filtering apparatus in mironenko , 2018 . doi : 10 . 1080 / 08912963 . 2018 . 1491565 reconstruction by andre . . .
aristolochia tongbiguanensis j . y . shen , q . b . gong & s . landrein in gong , landrein , xi , et al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 6165 / tai . . . .
bagualosaurus agudoensis pretto , langer & schultz , 2018 doi : 10 . 1093 / zoolinnean / zly028 illustration : jorge blanco c . . .
the hypothetical phylogenetic relationships of ceratosaurs based on current topologies . the main source is from wang et al . ( 2016 . . .
nipponosaurus sachalinensis nagao , 1936 in takasaki , chiba , kobayashi , et al . , 2018 ニッポノサウルス | | doi : 10 . 1080 / 08912963 . 2017 . . . .
begonia medogensis jianw . li , y . h . tan & x . h . jin in li , tan , wang , et al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 3897 / phytokeys . 103 . 25392 . . .
[ botany • 2017 ] zingiber alba • a new species and . . .
[ herpetology • 2017 ] bufo ( anaxyrus ) williamsi • a . . .
on this day ( july 10th ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
anomaloglossus meansi : a new species of cryptic forest frog from the wokomung and ayanganna sky islands of southern guyana .
the benefits and costs of academic travel . or
there and back again ; again and again
canon renueva su gama de 70 - 200 mm f : 2 . 8 y f : 4
plants go extinct , but sometimes species are rediscovered . this one after 151 years .
i ' m killing antediluvian salad but even in death there is rebirth . . .
necps carnivorous plant show : sept . 9 - 10 at tower hill botanical garden
this is a particularly beautiful species of centrolenid - the granular glass frog , cochranella granulosa .
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urltoken
we need help ! in recent months our income dropped considerably and we need more donations from our users to avoid getting into financial difficulty .
forms extensive pure stands along river beds and on ridge tops at elevations up to 2 , 500 metres [ 303 ] .
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plants for a future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants . always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally . none known
seed - sow in seed beds [ 303 ] . germination usually starts after 10 days , though viability is naturally low [ 303 ] . pricking out is carried out when the seedlings are about 50 - 60 mm high and are ready for transplanting into polythene tubes [ 303 ] . seed production by the species is very good . storage is mainly in household refrigerators where they are kept until needed for sowing [ 303 ] . no research has been carried so far into their longevity under these conditions , but appears to be orthodox for this family [ 303 ] .
right plant wrong place . we are currently updating this section . please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking .
iucn red list of threatened plants status : this taxon has not yet been assessed .
for a list of references used on this page please go here a special thanks to ken fern for some of the information used on this page .
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was first described by günther in 1862 basing on specimens collected from anaimalai hills , coimbatore district , tamil nadu ( smith 1943 ) .
captain , a . , de silva , r . , milligan , h . t . , wearn , o . r . , wren , s . , zamin , t . , sears , j . , wilson , p . , lewis , s . , lintott , p . & powney , g .
justification : listed as least concern in view of its relatively wide distribution , and because threats appear to be localized .
is endemic to the western ghats of india , south of the goa gap ( wynaad to travancore ) ( wall 1907 ) . presently it is known from wyanad , wyanad district ; ashambu hills , ponmudi hills ( chandramouli and ganesh 2011 ) and arippa ( near thiruvananthapuram ) , thiruvananthapuram district ; kulathapuzha , kollam district ( j . joyce in litt . ) in kerala , anaimalai hills , top slip ( v . deepak pers . comm . 2011 ) and valparai , coimbatore district in tamil nadu ( whitaker and captain 2004 ) and talakaveri , kodagu district , karnataka ( s . p . vijaykumar pers . comm . 2011 ) . found at elevations of 150 to 1 , 100 m asl .
this species inhabits tropical lowland moist forests . it has also been recorded from teak plantations .
habitat loss and degradation due to expanding agriculture , urbanization and mining is a problem in the western ghats and this is likely to be causing localized declines in this species .
there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . this species occurs in indira gandhi national park and brahmagiri wildlife sanctuary . further research into the population and habitat status of this species should be carried out .
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malaysia ( borneo : sabah ) indonesia ( kalimantan ) type locality : mt . kina balu [ borneo ]
beolens , bo ; michael watkins , and michael grayson 2011 . the eponym dictionary of reptiles . johns hopkins university press , baltimore , usa - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1893 . description of new reptiles and batrachians obtained in borneo by mr . c . hose and mr . a . everett . proc . zool . soc . london 1893 : 522 - 528 - get paper here