ballymoss ( 1954 – 1979 ) was an irish thoroughbred racehorse .

in a racing career that lasted from 1956 until november 1958 , he ran seventeen times and won eight races .

in 1957 , he became the first horse trained in ireland to win the st leger .

the following season , he was europe 's leading middle-distance horse , winning the king george vi and queen elizabeth stakes and the prix de l'arc de triomphe .

ballymoss

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there were a few more 50s and 40s . and what a race ballymoss ran .
blame - always mighty . . . royal palace by : ballymoss from . . . | facebook
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the ballymoss stakes , named in his honour , was run at the curragh between 1962 and 1984 .
ballymoss was given a rating of 136 by timeform , making him the highest rated horse of 1958 .
john fitzpatrick is a company director of ballymoss retail limited since 2005 and a listed director of 26 other companies .
charity craig is a company director of ballymoss consultancy limited since 2013 and a listed director of 1 other companies .
do not take risks with what are very important buying decisions . at ballymoss stud , intergrity , honesty , customer satisfaction and support come as standard . horsebox sales also through gps leisure vehicles , part of the ballymoss stud group .
new ballymoss duo available for viewing in ireland . contact + 44 ( 0 ) 7825 796869 to arrange * * * * *
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the latest documents filed with the companies registration office for ballymoss consultancy limited ( which can include the account details ) are listed below .
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lelia o ' hea is a company director of spectre ( ballymoss house ) limited since 2016 and a listed director of 78 other companies .
in addition to providing equestrian services , ballymoss stud are pleased to supply quality 3 . 5 tonnes ( 3500 kgs ) duo horseboxes for sale .
for build quality , customer service and value for money , ballymoss stud is ireland ' s premier supplier of 3 . 5 tonne duo horseboxes .
having written my ' copy ' , napping ballymoss , i had no sooner telephoned it from the earl of doncaster arms than the heavens opened .
ballymoss duo continue to sell 3 . 5 tonnes duo horseboxes built by the renowned coach builders , regent horseboxes contact + 44 ( 0 ) 7825 796869
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the latest documents filed with the companies registration office for spectre ( ballymoss house ) limited ( which can include the account details ) are listed below .
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when ballymoss was retired at the end of the 1958 racing season his earnings of £114 , 150 were a record for a horse trained in britain or ireland , surpassing the mark of £76 , 577 set by tulyar in 1952 . ballymoss ' s record stood until it was broken by ragusa in 1963 .
similarly , crepello would surely have joined the elite group if he had remained sound enough to contest the st leger – won by his immediate derby victim ballymoss – in 1957 .
we hope you can find everything you need . ballymoss stud is focused on providing high - quality service and customer satisfaction - we will do everything we can to meet your expectations .
his bloodline is now dispersed throughout the world a remarkable achievement but simply confirms his superior type and genetic background and the foresight of his breeder frank cantwell of ballymoss kennels new zealand .
prior to receiving yellow warning panels d9018
ballymoss
approaches grantham with the 1n24 17 : 25 king ' s cross - harrogate
the yorkshire pullman
service on thursday 21st june 1962 .
at ballymoss stud we guarantee honesty , integrity , openness and transparency . the welfare of horses under our care is paramount but we encourage owners to insure their equines against unexpected incidents and veterinary bills .
in 1957 i knew vincent had a good opinion of the colt ballymoss , despite a relatively unspectacular career as a two - year - old . so it was no big surprise when my friend and colleaguye michael o ' hehir rang in may to say he thought we should have a little ' interest ' in ballymoss for the derby . coincidentally , within a few minutes , i received similar counsel from another source .
55018 ' ballymoss ' lays down the power as it comes onto heath common with the diverted 10 : 35 leeds - kings cross at 11 : 02 on 1st june 1975 , note the city of wakefield in the background .
ballymoss retail limited was set up on friday the 22nd of april 2005 . their current address is joyce house , 22 / 23 holles street , dublin 2 , and the company status is normal . the company ' s current directors john fitzpatrick , martin kinirins and stephen fitzpatrick have been the director of 62 other irish companies between them ; 7 of which are now closed . ballymoss retail limited has 1 shareholder . this irish company shares its eircode with at least 286 other companies .
following the lner tradition of naming locomotives after winning racehorses , british railways
deltic
diesel locomotive no . d9018 ( later no . 55 018 ) was named ballymoss after this horse on 24 november 1961 , and remained in service until 12 october 1981 .
ballymoss ( gb ) ch . h , 1954 { 2 - u } dp = 6 - 8 - 28 - 4 - 2 ( 48 ) di = 1 . 40 cd = 0 . 25 - 17 starts , 8 wins , 5 places , 1 shows career earnings : l107 , 166
the next race for ballymoss was the irish derby in which he trotted up ( at 4 - 9 ) . there followed defeat on york ' s ' dead ' ground which can be death to any horse . then the first of our betting dramas featuring the oldest british classic , the st leger .
at the time of his retirement from racing , tulyar had earned £76 , 577 , breaking the record for prize money won by a british horse which had been set fifty - seven years earlier by isinglass . tulyar ' s record stood for six years until it was beaten by ballymoss . [ 14 ]
if ballymoss hadn ' t been bogged down on knavesmire , where he was beaten by one of tomorrow ' s rivals , briochge , who clearly handled the ground , he ' d have been a good favourite . as it was , 5 - 1 was the general offer , 11 - 2 in places .
and yet , somehow , the whiff of ebbing confidence leaked into the ring so that , by the ' off ' , ballymoss had eased to 8 - 1 . he may not have been aware of that , but he was clearly conscious of the difference between ' dead ' on knavesmire and ' soft side ' at doncaster .
it was reasonably assumed that heavy , or even soft , going was anathema to ballymoss . so , meticulous as ever , before giving me the green light to bet £1 , 100 each way during the afternoon previous to the final classic , to be run on wednesday 11 september 1957 , vincent walked every yard of the extended 1 mile 6 furlongs circuit .
26 . 12 . 15 - very excited with new purchase in the young aes approved stallion ' igor ' by joop ii , who will arrive at ballymoss stud early in january 2016 . igor was born in may 2013 so it will be a little while before he will be seen on the circuit . superb bloodlines , paces , natural balance and jumping technique .
regent horseboxes uk specialise in the construction of bespoke 3 . 5 tonnes horseboxes . regent are probably the biggest manufacturer of these horseboxes in the uk and have agents in ireland , sweden , belgium , holland and the usa amongst others . ballymoss stud have been working with regent horseboxes for the last 20 years which is testament to the quality and reliability of their products .
spectre ( ballymoss house ) limited was set up on wednesday the 26th of october 2016 . their current address is dublin 2 , and the company status is normal . the company ' s current directors stefan jaeger , lelia o ' hea , eoin condren and anna alves have been the director of 156 other irish companies between them ; 33 of which are now closed .
for the second year , ballymoss stud are delighted to have co sponsored the marie curie charity golf tournament at shandon golf club on friday 19 may 2017 . a very commendable sum of £5000 raised for a very worthwhile cause . in 2016 , in excess of £4000 was raised . onwards and upwards . well done to those involved at shandon park golf club particularly lady captain , dianne conway whose passion makes this happen .
the locomotive was initially preserved by the deltic 9000 fund and its successor deltic 9000 locomotives limited , before being sold to beaver sports ( yorks ) ltd , its current owner in 2004 . in 2015 , the locomotive was repainted with the white cab window surrounds typical of the finsbury park depot and has been seen in the guise of a number of locomotives based there ; 55003 meld , 55007 pinza and , currently , 55018 ballymoss .
ballymoss consultancy limited was set up on wednesday the 29th of may 2013 . their current address is the arch , block 3 ground floor , blackrock business park , the arch , dublin , and the company status is dissolved with the company closing on wednesday the 29th of march 2017 . the company ' s current directors charity craig and damian o ' hare have been the director of 1 other irish company between them ; 1 of which is now closed .
back to horama . mated to drum beat ' s halfbrother and 2000 guineas winner nearula ( by nasrullah ) , she produced the speedy juvenile close up ( tfr 117 ) , who only showed form at 2 . that close up was not a sprinter but a miler , can be concluded from her matings to staying sires shantung , ballymoss and relko , which produced respectively the milers promontory and closeness , and derby 3 rd freefoot , who took after relko and stayed at least 2600m .
i ' d selected lester ' s partner , crepello , but must admit my pocket was wrestling with readers ' interests when , in a rough race , as so many derbys were in the pre - film patrol era , ballymoss went two lengths up in the straight and for a few strides looked to have it won . until lester pressed the button and crepello grabbed him late . at least it was still a quarter the odds a place in those days . enough to pay for a few dinners at le coq d ' or and the caprice .
ballymoss stud is a friendly family run business set in rolling countryside at boardmills , lisburn in county down , northern ireland . having many years experience in the equestrian sector , mavis and patricia stewart strive to meet the expectations and needs of clients should that be by way of training , competition livery , horses for sale and horseboxes for sale . you can be assured that your equine , horse or pony , will be treated professionally and sympathetically during its time with us . we pride ourselves in being the premier supplier of equestrian services in the lisburn , saintfield , ballynahinch and carryduff areas . a provider for whom openness , honesty and integrity mean more than mere words .
most welcome ( 84c , habitat , ballymoss ) . 4 wins - 2 at 2 - from 6f to 1¼m , £272 , 464 , newbury lockinge s . , gr . 2 , goodwood select s . , gr . 3 , 2d the derby , gr . 1 , newmarket champion s . , gr . 1 , sandown gordon richards s . , gr . 3 , 3d breeders ' cup mile s . , gr . 1 , goodwood sussex s . , gr . 1 , belmont turf classic h . , gr . 1 , royal ascot prince of wales ' s s . , gr . 2 , sandown mile s . , gr . 2 , newmarket craven s . , gr . 3 , 4th goodwood sussex s . , gr . 1 .
the early part of the eclipse stakes roll of honour is littered with the greats including the sixth triple crown - winner isinglass ( 1894 ) who won as a four - year - old ; persimmon ( 1897 ) the derby winner of the previous year owned by the prince of wales ; ard patrick ( 1903 ) who had triumphed in the derby the year before ; dual gold cup - winner prince palatine ( 1920 ) ; colorado ( 1927 ) the previous season ' s 2000 guineas winner ; windsor lad ( 1935 ) and blue peter ( 1939 ) who had both won the derby the year before ; migoli ( 1947 ) who won the next year ' s arc ; tulyar ( 1952 ) derby and st leger victor the same season ; ballymoss ( 1958 ) arc and irish derby winner ; st paddy ( 1961 ) winner of the derby and st leger the year before ; and royal palace ( 1968 ) the previous season ' s 2000 guineas and derby winner .
named : 24th november 1961 at doncaster works without ceremony ( in honour of racehorse owned by mr . s mcshain , won the irish derby , st . leger , eclipse stakes , french prix de l ' triumphe and beaten into second place by ' crepello ' in the derby ) .
34g 24 . 11 . 61 . fp 5 / 73 . yk 5 / 81 . withdrawn 12 . 10 . 81 . to sf 10 / 81 ( for stripping ) . to zf 23 . 11 . 81 . cut - up by 30 . 01 . 82 .
ran light from vulcan foundry , newton - le - willows , to doncaster works - accepted into br service and allocated 34g , finsbury park tmd .
08 . 01 . 62 1e02 07 : 05 bradford - king ' s cross ,
the west riding
to grantham ( struck 2 people at norwell lane crossing , newark ) .
25 . 02 . 63 1a06 08 : 00 king ' s cross - edinburgh ,
the talisman
to darlington ( failed ) - b1 61338 to newcastle and d9005 forward . 04 . 06 . 63 1a16 10 : 00 king ' s cross - edinburgh ,
the flying scotsman
to grantham ( caught fire ) - a3 pacific 60054
manna
forward .
17 . 06 . 64 1a23 08 : 00 edinburgh - king ' s cross ,
the talisman
to darlington ( engine failure at durham ) - assisted to darlington by v3 67628 and replaced by a3 pacific 60036
colombo
.
24 . 07 . 65 released from doncaster works after fitting of cast bogies ( bogies no . 1 1037 replaced by 9000 - 9 & no . 2 1038 replaced by 9000 - 10 ) .
21 . 03 . 66 1st ee maintenance contract expires - mileage recorded at 705 , 300 . 04 . 06 . 66 replacing of air horns at doncaster works : westinghouse type removed in favour of bonnet fitted trico folberth type . bonnet fitted air - horns originally fitted circa late 1964 / early 1965 - no actual date recorded . 27 . 11 . 66 locomotive undergoing audible testing of experimental bonnet fitted warning air horns ( later fitted as standard ) between arelsley and great ponton with d9007 ( syphonic nose cone fitted ) and d9016 ( standard fitted air horn below buffer beam ) .
15 . 02 . 67 released from doncaster works , after general repair , with full yellow ends applied .
07 . 03 . 68 released from doncaster works , after general repair , equipped with dual braking .
22 . 01 . 69 1e00 01 : 40 leeds - sheffield ( via doncaster ) and 1d20 04 : 30 sheffield - leeds . 10 . 05 . 69 released from doncaster works , after intermediate repair , in blue livery . 09 . 08 . 69 - 20 . 05 . 71 carrying ' d ' prefix on 09 . 08 . 69 and not reported dropped until 20 . 05 . 71 ( most likely date for this would be after light repair dated 07 - 14 . 02 . 70 ) . note : nigel rollings reports the only deltic to carry the ' d ' prefix beyond august 1970 was d9016 - confirmation of when d9018 became 9018 is still required .
23 . 02 . 71 released from doncaster works , after intermediate repair , with eth equipment fitted . 08 . 10 . 71 4m58 ( 19 : 15 ) newcastle flt - willesden flt from peterborough ( 09 / 10 ) to finsbury park ( freightliner - assisting failed d172 ) .
09 . 02 . 74 locomotive officially renumbered 55018 w / e 09 . 02 . 74 ( carried by 06 / 02 ) .
1d02 12 : 20 king’s cross - cleethorpes and 1a34 17 : 37 cleethorpes - king’s cross .
during the week commencing 17th october 1977 unofficial industrial action led to the removal of deltics from all ecml workings . action was taken by maintenance staff angry at the proposed closure of finsbury park depot with the introduction of the new hst fleet , which was to be maintained at the new bounds green depot . maintenance staff ' blacked ' the deltic fleet thus all engines remained ' laid - up ' at various installations until the dispute was settled on october 21st . a list of how the dispute affected the class is as follows :
haymarket tmd 13 / 10 - 23 / 10 . worked 1e35 20 : 20 edin - kx 23 / 10 .
finsbury park tmd 14 / 10 - 23 / 10 . worked 1n29 19 : 00 kx - n ' lce 23 / 10 .
haymarket tmd 14 / 10 - 23 / 10 . worked 1e25 12 : 15 aber - kx from edin 23 / 10 .
finsbury park tmd 13 / 10 - 23 / 10 . worked 1s21 11 : 00 kx - edin 24 / 10 .
doncaster works ' intermediate ' 31 / 03 - 21 / 10 . worked 1e48 21 : 15 aber - kx from doncaster 26 / 10 .
finsbury park tmd 11 / 10 - 24 / 10 . worked 1l22 15 : 55 kx - leeds 24 / 10 .
york tmd 10 / 10 - 25 / 10 . worked 1a06 08 : 05 yk - kx 25 / 10 .
gateshead tmd 13 / 10 - 24 / 10 . worked 1a40 20 : 30 n ' cle - kx 24 / 10 .
york tmd 17 / 10 - 23 / 10 . worked 0d01 12 : 00 yk - doncaster 23 / 10 .
haymarket tmd 13 / 10 - 24 / 10 . worked 1e20 15 : 00 edin - kx 24 / 10 .
gateshead tmd 14 / 10 - 24 / 10 . worked 1a07 07 : 25 n ' cle - kx 24 / 10 .
york tmd 14 / 10 - 24 / 10 . worked 1a06 08 : 05 yk - kx 24 / 10 .
haymarket tmd 15 / 10 - 23 / 10 . worked 1e39 22 : 30 edin - kx 23 / 10 .
gateshead tmd 14 / 10 - 25 / 10 . worked 1a15 09 : 20 n ' cle - kx 25 / 10 .
finsbury park tmd 08 / 10 - 25 / 10 . worked 1n00 01 : 00 kx - n ' cle 26 / 10 .
haymarket tmd 15 / 10 - 19 / 10 . sent to doncaster works 19 / 10 for ' light repair ' behind 40063 .
doncaster works ' intermediate ' 03 / 10 - 19 . 01 . 78 .
finsbury park tmd 14 / 10 - 23 / 10 . worked 1d00 08 : 25 kx - cleethorpes 24 / 10 .
holbeck tmd 10 / 10 - 23 / 10 . worked 1a47 00 : 43 leeds - kx 24 / 10 .
gateshead tmd 14 - 10 - 24 - 10 . worked 1s28 07 : 00 n ' cle - edin 24 / 10 .
finsbury park tmd 14 / 10 - 23 / 10 . worked 1s43 18 : 00 kx - edin 23 / 10 .
finsbury park - 6 ; gateshead - 4 ; haymarket - 5 ; doncaster works - 3 ; york - 3 ; holbeck - 1 ; locomotives moving in this period - 1 ( 55016 , haymarket to works ) .
29 . 01 . 78 1z08 08 : 25 paddington - treherbert ,
the deltic dragon
to cardiff ( via oxford , evesham and gloucester - 20030 & 20142 forward ) . and 1z08 15 : 10 treherbert - paddington return from cardiff ( ex 20030 & 20142 - via newport , severn tunnel and swindon ) . 19 . 02 . 78 1z15 08 : 15 paddington - paignton ,
the deltic ranger
to bristol ( caped - adverse weather ) and 1z15 12 : 25 bristol - paddington return ( 55003 worked re - run 05 / 03 ) . 13 . 10 . 78 1m41 21 : 50 york - aberystwyth , to stockport and 1e24 22 : 50 shrewsbury - york , from stockport .
21 . 06 . 79 1a23 08 : 50 edinburgh - aberdeen and 1g65 12 : 40 aberdeen - edinburgh . 14 . 08 . 79 white window surrounds applied at finsbury park .
whilst on fp from 10 . 07 . 79 , prior to going to stratford for open day on the 14th july . worked 1d04 17 : 05 king ' s cross - hull on 15 . 07 . 79 .
whilst stopped on fp from 25th or 26 . 07 . 79 . worked 1l42 12 : 20 king ' s cross - york on 03 . 08 . 79 .
worked 1l44 16 : 05 king ' s cross - york on 15 . 08 . 79 .
whilst on fp for ' c ' exam 16 / 8 - 21 / 8 . first train believed to be 1l42 12 : 20 king ' s cross - york on 21 . 08 . 79 .
whilst on fp 11 . 10 . 79 - 15 . 10 . 79 . first train unknown but worked 1m58 08 : 15 newcastle - liverpool on 16 . 10 . 79 .
22 . 08 . 79 1m62 08 : 49 york - liverpool ( 55018 ' s first visit to liverpool - and first with white cab surrounds ) and 1e99 13 : 05 liverpool - york .
26 . 03 . 80 r / h / s nameplate removed for straightening at finsbury park after attempted removal by vandals . 18 . 04 . 80 r / h / s nameplate re - fitted at finsbury park . 15 . 06 . 80 1z10 08 : 15 king ' s cross - sheffield ,
the white rose
( charter via doncaster ) and 1z10 17 : 00 sheffield - king ' s cross return ( via nottingham ) . 06 . 09 . 80 1f56 17 : 30 edinburgh - king ' s cross ,
the cock o ' the north
tbls railtour ( 55019 worked king ' s cross to edinburgh ) .
30 . 03 . 81 2l54 17 : 24 edinburgh - dundee and 2g16 19 : 22 dundee - edinburgh ( vice dmu ) . 12 . 10 . 81 1d08 19 : 40 king ' s cross - hull , to doncaster ( engine failure - low air pressure - 37126 forward ) 55018 ' s final train after which the locomotive was withdrawn . 20 . 10 . 81 to stratford for component recovery ( donated p / u to 55007 ) . 24 . 11 . 81 to doncaster works for disposal - cutting begins 12 / 12 .
color : ch height : 15 . 3 ( gb ) de 306 / 06 / 41529 / 54 bred by richard ball , gb . exported to ireland . owned by john mcshain , ireland . gagnant du prix de l arc de triomphe 1958 . european horse of the year 1958 . died 1979 in england . retired to stud 1959 . damsire of stage door johnny ( belmont winner and us 3 year old champion ) , northern sunset ( 1995 kentucky broodmare of the year ) , levmoss ( 1969 prix de l ` arc de triomphe winner ) , le moss ( only horse to win the stayers triple crown ) , teenoso ( epsom derby winner ) . ( close )
owner : mr . richard ball breeder : mr . john mcshain winnings : 17 starts : 8 - 5 - 1 , l107 , 166 at 3 won st . leger stakes ( eng ) , irish derby ( ire ) , 2nd derby stakes ( eng ) , great voltigeur stakes ( eng ) at 4 won coronation cup ( eng ) , eclipse stakes ( eng ) , king george 6th & queen elizabeth s , pr de l ' arc de triomphe ( fr ) , 2nd ormonde stakes ( eng ) , 3rd washington , d . c . , international ( 100 , 000 ) 4 , 500gns doncaster yearling . champion of europe 1958 . retired to whitsbury manor stud in 1959 . 2nd general sires list 1967 & 3rd in 1968 . first great winner in flat races from top class trainer vincent o´brien ( close )
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mavis and patricia are both qualified hsi ( horse sport ireland ireland ) coaches with a good rapport with students and an easy teaching style .
and british show jumping association , bsja ) . she competes both at grand prix and young horse classes and specialises at producing young horses for the domestic and international competition market . she actively competes throughout the irish circuit and obtains excellent results . an experienced and effective , yet compassionate rider who commits to her horses and creates a good relationship and bond . horses competed by patricia included best touch ( ish ) by the irish olympic stallion touchdown ; alide van de boswinning , a belgian warmblood mare by the renowned skippy ii , and the grey stallion garagange ( sold to new zealand ) , by conquest van de helle ( gr sire corrado ) . garagange was bought as a 3 year old from the established belgian van de helle stud and produced to grand prix level by patricia . jones vd bisschop a grey 8 year old gelding has now moved up to the national grand prix level . bought as an unbroken 3 year old , jones was broken in to ride and produced throughout by patricia .
regularly competing at the ruas showgrounds , balmoral park lisburn , cavan equestrian centre , portmore equestrian centre , barnadown equestrian centre , millstreet and at boswell patricia will give your horses the profile and experience you rightly expect and require .
we would also like to thank jim and carol prime of prime photography for allowing us to use their high quality equestrian competition photography on our site .
with a variety of offerings to choose from , we ' re sure you ' ll be happy working with us . look around our website and if you have any comments or questions , please feel free to contact us .
delighted to see the new owner of our ginelli who was produced and sold by patricia qualify for the rds young rider 110 - 115m . good luck eva boland at the rds in august 2018 .
chestnut colt foal by emerald nop out of our skippy mare , alida van de boswinning .
dark brown filly foal ( likely to turn grey ) by hector out of our foundation line mare tumbleweed royale by coronea eagle . sire of grand dam - king of diamonds
patricia stewart greer on board the amazing jones vd bisschop ( heartbreaker ex voltaire ) win the finlay equi trek national grand prix at the ruas balmoral 2 * show .
best wishes to the new owners of lagamajore . sold to california , usa . broken in and produced by patricia stewart greer .
august 2016 - ssh heartbeat , owned , produced and competed by patricia stewart greer sold to dubai . best wishes to the new owners and continued success .
congratulations to patricia who was presented with the m . michael mellor style award perpetual trophy in memory of mary duff at coilog national grand prix show on 3 may 2014 . the winning rider was selected by 6 judges and judged on the riders attitude and performance both inside and outside the ring during the show .
' the mmm style and performance award will be presented to the person who exemplifies true sportmanship at all times ' ( m . michael mellor )
just wanted to say firstly absolutely love the box , it is beautiful . second , feel free to use me as a reference anytime , and thirdly , thank you for making this experience so good . your customer service is fantastic
. zoe day , essex , england
i recently bought a regent duo , all though i bought the lorry from a photo , it was everthing i could have hoped for . very good company to deal with . i would highly recommend them . many thanks , debbie
d abrahams , somerset , england .
no problem using me as a reference . i have no hesitation in recommending him .
michelle , ballyclare , county antrim
i ' m real pleased with my van the photos didnt do it justice ! and would recommend you no problem , you were so helpful . ordering from internet always a worry . you can get your customers to call the tattoo studio 02380322486 any day
. karen & simon faith , southampton .
20 months on , still delighted with the citroen relay duo 2 - horse van i bought . will certainly be in touch if i decide to up - grade my van
. jenny , trim , co meath .
we hope to see you again ! check back later for new updates to our website . there ' s much more to come !
for overseas buyers - we will also collect from and return to either belfast international airport or george best belfast city airport . lisburn is the nearest train station for those travelling from within ireland .
rear groom ' s area with upholstered bench seat , wardrobe , large external tack locker and colour cctv to horses . 4 windows and roof vent . large horse windows in privacy glass , soft night travel lights in horse area . 12mths coachwork warranty , 12 months mot . choice of colours and graphics .
2011 nissan interstar lwb , 184000 kms , 120 bhp , full nissan service history , doe to mid feb 2019 . superb driver . irish vehicle so no vrt to pay .
2012 vauxhall movano mwb , 120000 miles , new light weight coach built body . rear grooms area with upholstered seat and enclosed wardrobe . rear external tack locker . fully sealed interior for washing out . all windows in tinted privacy glass , roof vent . colour cctv to horses and reverse camera . two colour metallic paintwork ( estoril and silver ) with complimenting graphics . 12 months mot . 12 months coachwork warranty . superb driving vehicle . just had major service including new timing chain kit .
2010 citroen relay longstall , 115000 miles , painted in range rover corris grey metallic . totally separate rear groom / tack room with upholstered bench seating . tow bar and electrics . spec otherwise as above .
late 2012 renault master longstall 120 bhp , fsh ( renault main dealer ) , warranted 115000 miles light weight polycarbonate composite body . totally separate rear grooms area with saddle and bridle racks and upholstered bench seats . colour cctv to horses and reverse camera . fully sealed horse area for washing out . excellent cab interior with built in sat nav , and bluetooth audio system . painted in range rover wataimo grey metallic with silver oakley style graphics . long mot . comes complete with stallion partition . large enclosed luton storage . 12 months coachwork warranty .
late 2013 vauxhall movano lwb . 105000 miles . new coach built lightweight body with external tack locker , 1 / 2 breast wall , rear grooms area with enclosed wardrobe and upholstered bench seat . colour cctv to horses and reverse camera . large enclosed luton storage . fully sealed horse area for washing out . excellent cab interior with built in sat nav , and bluetooth audio system . painted in range rover nara bronze with complimenting cream graphics .
2012 citroen relay , bespoke style with ultra lite body . one previous company owner . flat screen colour cctv to horses and reverse camera . built to customers specification . superb driving vehicle as would be expected . mot to april 2018 .
2008 renault master 2 . 5 dci lwb , 132000 kms . one owner , irish registered vehicle . fully serviced with invoices to support and renault main dealer for 2009 , 2010 and 2011 . i have also fully serviced the van . timing belt kit changed in october 2016 @ 108000 kms . coach built with light weight panels in longstall style .
flat screen colour cctv to horses and reverse camera . one piece sealed rubber floor . sterile rear grooms area with 2 upholstered bench seats and saddle and bridle racks . 12 months coach work warranty .
2007 renault master lwb , low kms . fully serviced . lightweight body . long stall .
all new duos are sold with 12 months coach work warranty by regent . 28 days mechanical warranty is standard but i can provide 12 months silver mechanical warranty with warrantywise
* * * * * we will deliver your new duo to your door at £250 . prices are ex works . unfortunately north of scotland and sw england are more due to flight costs and flight timings ( £350 ) . * * * * *
selection of carefully selected competition horses for sale - 4 to 10 year old , and competing on the registered showjumping circuit . horses suitable for young riders and professionals . ask for more details .
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winx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .
t . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .
the son of mossborough out of a mare indian call was quoted among the 33 - 1 , 50 - 1 or 100 - 1 others - depending on the bookmaker .
aware that the faintest whiff of support for a potentially ' live ' outsider could swiftly ruffle the market , i phoned vincent to enquire if he wanted to be ' on ' . after a little deliberation , he didn ' t . the horse had come to himself nicely without any pressure , as his infinitely patient handler liked him to do ; but he ' d suffered a stone bruise which had interrupted his preparation . vincent felt that he would ' still give a good account of himself , ' adding that he wouldn ' t put me off backing him , although he felt there would be better opportunities later .
when we met outside the weighing - room , as arranged , he expressed satisfaction with the terrain and , looking happier than he ever did as a big race approached , signalled the go - ahead .
i figured that the 100 - 16 rate ( sixes with the fractions ) would be the most i could possibly hope for . the vouchers , still among my expendable memorabilia , read :
i didn ' t see vincent until the next afternoon when i was about to leave for the radio point out in the country , on rosehill , where raymond glendenning would hand over to me from the grandstand . the trainer of my nap , brow furrowed , related anxiously : ' i ' ve just been out there ; he ' s got no chance in this . we ' ll have to get out of our bets . '
i regretted that i ' d no time to get to the rails and negotiate , and handed him the list of bets , explaining that he was currently a firm 5 - 1 chance and there should be no problem .
vincent is basically shy and didn ' t want to go into the ring ; and anyway the horse was uppermost in his mind . ' let ' s leave it , ' he shrugged . so we did . there were no mobile phones ; no betting exchanges in that era .
appropriately , the infinitely dependable tp burns rode vincent ' s first english classic winner .
peter o ' sullevan ' s horse racing heroes ( highdown £16 . 99stg )
thomas kelly mendelssohn finished third on his return to action in the grade three dwyer stakes over a mile on the dirt in belmont .
urltoken sportsdesk multiple classic - winning trainer john dunlop has died at the age of 78 . dunlop saddled two winners of the derby in shirley heights ( 1978 ) and erhaab ( 1994 ) . he also won the st leger three times , the 1000 guineas three times and the oaks twice , with the 2000 guineas the only british classic to elude him .
graham clark roaring lion battled on bravely to beat his old rival saxon warrior in the coral - eclipse at sandown . the two classy three - year - olds had the 10 - furlong group one to themselves and no quarter was given in the closing stages .
' i will derail gravy train in the legal industry ' - shane ross vows to clampdown on . . .
' everybody dies , but not everybody lives ' - how ' the great ak ' became a . . .
ewan mackenna : infantile , spoiled and indulged - everything wrong with brazil is . . .
eric dier jumps to raheem sterling ' s defence as england prepare for croatia semi - . . .
galway ' s joe canning could face action over use of ' red bull ' towel in kilkenny . . .
croatia sack coach ognjen vukojevic over ' glory to ukraine ' video ahead of . . .
the throw - in : the super 8s are here , ladies football preview and why kilkenny are up . . .
on this week ' s episode of the throw - in , will . . .
an in - depth preview ahead of the france v belgium world cup semi - final in russia on . . .
watch :
football ' s coming home !
- england fans in russia sing ahead of . . .
watch fans around the world react to england ' s nail - . . .
watch : ' i ' m here to compete . i ' m here to win ' - wayne rooney defends dc united . . .
built around two hugely powerful napier
deltic
engines , a development of a naval engine fitted to world war 2 torpedo boats , the deltics were built in 1961 and 1962 to replace the famous streamlined a4 pacific class of steam locomotives on the prestigious london - edinburgh route . 22 were built and soon brought the average london - edinburgh time down to under 6 hours , regularly topping 100mph in the process . as the east coast main line was upgraded , so timings dropped still further with the flying scotsman limited - stop service clocking in at 5h30m by the late 1970s .
in 1978 , the
high speed train
( hst ) was introduced and the deltic ' s days were numbered - first relegated to hauling the sleeper services ( as briefly immortalised in an early episode of yes , minister ) and fast mail and parcels services , before eventually being withdrawn entirely in 1981 - 82 . the 22 locomotives were named either after racehorses or regiments , both naming themes popular in steam days , and six were preserved in working order as well as two cabs and the pre - production prototype at the national railway museum . the deltics have become a favourite in preservation and even many of the most hardened steam buffs will admit a sneaking admiration for the sheer grunt of the big engines .
d9000 was numerically the first of english electric’s production deltic locos to emerge from vulcan foundry in newton - le - willows 1960 . in august 1961 , d9000 is recorded as hauling the up flying scotsman from edinburgh to kings cross for the first time . in june 1962 she was named at a ceremony at edinburgh waverley station . d9000 became 55022 during an overhaul at doncaster in 1974 . she spent the majority of her working life stabled at haymarket , with a brief stint at finsbury park in 1967 - 68 .
55022 continues in service to the bitter end , hauling the deltic scotsman farewell railtour from edinburgh to kings cross , becoming the last deltic to work for br . preservation followed , initially at the nene valley railway and then , in november 1996 , “royal scots grey” became the first preserved deltic to operate on the main line once more . from 1997 - 2002 she was leased by anglia railways and virgin trains to provide a backup for regular passenger services .
she is currently on long - term loan at the railway and will be rattling the china in offices and houses along the line throughout the season .
many of our frequent questions are listed here to help you arrange your visit and enjoy your day travelling along the line .
dig out your finest drainpipe jeans and capri pants and steam in to 60s fest on saturday 14th and sunday 15th july .
see what ' s going on at grosmont station & the movement of our fleet with our live webcam .
the north york moors historical railway trust is a not - for profit charity . every visitor that travels contributes towards preserving our locomotives and rolling stock .
relive the amazing spirit and camaraderie of world war ii and enjoy the various re - enactments , entertainment and vehicle displays along the line .
new for 2018 : see our heritage engines climb goathland bank with our live webcam .
in the early hours of sunday 23rd july 2017 , north yorkshire moors railway’s ( nymr’s ) historic teak carriages were deliberately vandalised . the carriages were parked in the siding , at the far side of the main visitor car park at pickering .
less than one week to go until # 60sfest and the ' big night out ' . if you want to sing and dance into the night bringi… urltoken
north york moors historical railway trust is a company limited by guarantee registered in england and wales under number 2490244 and registered as a charity number 501388 .
registered office , north yorkshire moors railway , 12 park street , pickering , north yorkshire , yo18 7aj .
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2017 was a record year for company start - ups in ireland while insolvencies went through a levelling off period .
we are in acceleration mode and ireland has taken its place as europe ' s fastest growing economy . many aspects of that recovery are demonstrated in our 2017 annual review .
he was one of the most correct examples of classic english type of an era when irish were at their peak .
great observatons elirose . i agree with you about tb chestnut mares ! very smart ladies . just slipping in a belated update from european racing regarding tiggy wiggy in the 5 / 3 / 151000 guineas race results at newmarket . sorry i didn ' t post this earlier . : op 1st : legatissimo ( 13 / 2 ) 2nd : lucida ( 9 / 2 ) 3rd : tiggy wiggy ( 9 / 1 ) tiggy wiggy ( kheleyf ' s silver ) and found ( red evie ) were reviewed on page 48 . found did not run in the 1000 guineas . urltoken
pedigree : graustark - usa ( a 1963 chef de race sire ) x admiring - usa ( 1962 ) by hail to reason - usa ( a 1958 chef de race sire ) .
a bay filly bred by paul mellon . her lineage traces back to family number 1s . race earnings -
( 24 startsa : 9 wins , 3 places , 2 shows ) . twice won the sheepshead bay handicap ( g2 ) and the diana handicap ( g2 ) . at age 31 , she died of colic at waggoner farm lexington , ky on 8 / 5 / 2004 .
( g1 ) , travers stakes ( g1 ) and champagne stakes ( g1 ) among other wins . stood at stud at lane ' s end ( 1995 - 1999 ) . sold to the turkish jockey club in 2000 and now stands at karacabey pension stud in bursa , turkey .
sire of the highest earning offspring ( aeneas - tur ( 2006 ) at turkey as of 2009 - 2010 .
: a 1980 colt by northern dancer - can ( a 1961 chef de race sire ) . race earnings :
( 18 starts : 8 wins , 2 places , 3 shows ) . heros honor stood at stud at lane ' s end in 1985 . he died in may 1998 at haras de roiville in france .
he is the sire of touch of greatness ( 1986 ) , the dam of elusive quality ( 1993 ) .
( usa - g1 ) and the queen elizabeth ii stakes ( eng - g1 ) among other wins . retired in 2008 and entered stud at kildangan stud in kildare , ireland in 2009 .
- aus ( 2008c ) : $ 3 , 990 , 138 a champion 2 & 3 year old in australia . at stud in 2012 at darley ' kelvinside in australia and dalham hall stud , england .
winner of the 2004 kentucky derby , the preakness stakes and 2nd in the belmont stakes .
the next golden girl posting is not a huge money winner . . . but still a part of the history of this weekend ' s black - eyed susan stakes for the fillies .
the dam of a 1997 black - eyed susan winner…salt it let it fly foaled : 1981 pedigree : hatchet man ( 1971 ) x idle hour princess ( 1971 ) by ribot - gb ( a 1952 chef de race sire ) background : race earnings - $ 68 , 737 ( 16 starts : 4 wins , 0 places , 0 shows ) . bred by mrs . julian g . rogers . lineage traces back to family number 4 . let it fly won the countess jane stakes . let it fly had 5 registered foals who were all fillies ! famous offspring : salt it : a 3 / 18 / 1994 filly by salt lake ( 1994 ) . race earnings : $ 265 , 380 ( 20 starts : 4 wins , 1 place , 4 shows ) . in 1997 at age 3 : won the black - eye susan stakes ( g2 ) and the wide country stakes . that year , she came in 3rd in the cotillion handicap ( g2 ) and 4th in the mother goose stake ( g1 ) . in 1999 at age 5 : came in 4th in the affectionately handicap ( g3 ) and the beaugay handicap ( g3 ) . her trainer was deborah s . bodner . let it fly photo by barbara livingston from pedigree query stats from pedigree query
that 2004 derby that smarty jones won was tapit ' s derby , too . he didn ' t do so well , but he has been a better sire , i believe . the winner of the belmont , that smarty lost that year - - along with losing the triple crown - - was birdstone , spider ' s sire . yesss ! and he ran a good race and beat smarty fair and square .
yes . . . we ' ve had several near misses for the triple crown in the last 3 + decades . i hope we see the light at the end of the tunnel soon ! i hope it ' s american pharoah ' s year . for this month of may and june , i have lined up a random collection of golden girls who foaled or were lineage dams to individual triple crown race series champions . . . some who won 2 out of the 3 tc races . one is coming up shortly . : od
the dam of a 1949 preakness & belmont winner…capot piquet foaled : 1937 pedigree : st . germans - gb ( 1921 ) x parry ( 1929 ) by peter pan ( a 1904 chef de race sire ) background : race earnings - $ 22 , 150 ( 27 starts : 6 wins , 4 places , 6 shows ) . won the delaware oaks , the diana handicap and the test stakes . came in 2nd in the matron stakes , demoiselle stakes , spinaway stakes and the top flight handicap . came in 3rd in the arlington lassie stakes , the national stallion stakes , the adirondack handicap and the alabama stakes . she was bred by greentree stud . famous offspring : capot - from pedigree query capot : a 1946 colt by menow ( 1935 ) . race earnings : $ 345 , 260 ( 28 starts : 12 wins , 4 places , 7 shows ) . in 1948 at age 2 : won the champagne stakes , the wakefield stakes and the pimlico futurity stakes . in 1949 at age 3 : won the preakness stakes , the belmont stakes , the pimlico special among other wins . capot came in 2nd in the kentucky derby . he was voted the 1949 u . s . champion 3 - year old colt . capot was also the 1949 co - u . s . horse of the year . he sired 15 foals . he was gelded in 1958 and was a greentree pensioner . capot died in december 1974 at the age of 28 . piquet image from sport horse data stats from pedigree query
i tried finding out the reason before posting piquet ' s review but found no information on why capot was gelded . but at least he was able to sire a few foals before they made the decision .
assault . . . . . tc winner 1946 . . . . was considered sterile . . . . went home to texas ' s king ranch and pasture bred several foals on quarterhorse mares . . . . no one gelded him . . . . has to have been a medical reason for capote being gelded . . . . . dont you think ?
. a bay mare from lineage family number tb - 5 . race earnings :
( 17 starts : 4 wins , 2 places , 3 shows ) . won the saratoga schuylerville stakes and came in 2nd in the delaware polly drummond stakes . bred by wheatley stable .
bold princess was a well - bred filly from
reine de course
and
chef de race
bloodlines .
: a 1 / 24 / 1975 colt by northern dancer ( a 1961 chef de race sire ) . race earnings :
( 14 starts : 2 wins , 4 places , 1 show ) . in 1979 at age 4 : came in 2nd in the gran prix de vichy ( fr - g3 ) . he was bred by ogden mills phipps and owned by alec head . in 1979 , he was sent to alec head ' s haras du quesnay in france . sovereign dancer stood at stud at the oaks , ocala , florida in 1985 . he died on christmas day - 12 / 25 / 1993 at age 18 .
: a 3 / 13 / 1993 colt out of on to royalty ( 1985 ) . race earnings :
( g1 ) . came in 4th in the kentucky derby - dqd to 5th . sire of 27 stakes winners . gate dancer was humanely euthanized on 3 / 6 / 1998 due to a long struggle with laminitis .
( 29 starts : 8 wins , 10 places , 2 shows ) . he equaled a course record at keeneland in 1991 running nine furlongs on grass in 1 : 48 . 42 .


the generic name wattebledia is in honor of french malacologist gustave-éduard joseph wattebled ( 1844-1886 ) .

wattebledia

bithyniidae » wattebledia crosseana , id : 724133 , shell detail « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .
wattebledia is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum , an aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family bithyniidae .
wattebledia crosseana is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum , an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family bithyniidae .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : wattebledia crosseana ( g . e . j . wattebled , 1886 ) - id : 5202000097
the genera wattebledia and bithynia formed monophyletic clusters as well , but gabbia did not . the selection of neotricula aperta gamma strain ( in the same superfamily ) from genbank as the outgroup appeared legitimate as it clustered separately from other snails in family bithyniidae . increased taxon , geographic , and gene sampling would be worthwhile to further explore the two ‘barcode outliers’ and the ability of coi to infer geographic provenance and phylogenetic affinities in this group .
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citation : kulsantiwong j , prasopdee s , ruangsittichai j , ruangjirachuporn w , boonmars t , viyanant v , et al . ( 2013 ) dna barcode identification of freshwater snails in the family bithyniidae from thailand . plos one 8 ( 11 ) : e79144 . urltoken
copyright : © 2013 kulsantiwong et al . this is an open - access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
funding : the study was supported by the higher education research promotion and national research university project ( nru ) of thailand , and the office of the higher education commission , ministry of education of thailand and through the health cluster ( shep - gms ) , khon kaen university , thailand . jutharat kulsantiwong thanks the office of the higher education commission for supporting her phd program ( che ) in the department of parasitology , faculty of medicine , khon kaen university , thammasat university , and udonthani rajabhat university . the funders had no role in study design , data collection and analysis , decision to publish , or preparation of the manuscript .
molecular taxonomic methods have been used extensively to complement morphological approaches for species identification , and for establishing phylogenetic relationships [ 1 - 10 ] . particularly , species identification through dna barcoding has seen rapid adoption over the past decade . prior dna barcode studies have clearly established their effectiveness in the delimitation of animal species , and also contributed several advantages [ 11 - 13 ] . the ability of dna barcoding to identify all life stages has particular importance in medical parasitology , where it is not only important to identify the parasite and its final host , but also all its life stages and its intermediate hosts . thus , a multidisciplinary method of classification that includes morphological , molecular and distributional data is an essential prerequisite for understanding the epidemiology of any parasite - induced disease [ 7 ] .
the present study is the first to explore the application of dna barcoding in species identification in the family bithyniidae . we analyzed variation of the coi barcode region within 10 species / subspecies of bithyniidae using pairwise sequence comparisons . we then examined the effectiveness of dna barcoding in differentiating among these species .
each snail was subsequently examined for trematode infections by testing for cercarial shedding twice within a week . prior to cercarial shedding , the snails were cleaned with dechlorinated tap - water . shedding was induced under 25 w electric light bulbs for 2 hours at room temperature during the day . for species that shed cercaria at night , black covers were used to achieve total darkness and snails were allowed to shed overnight . uninfected snails were soaked in phosphate buffered saline ( pbs ) containing antibiotics ( 200 unit / ml of penicillin and 100 µg / ml of streptomycin ) for 3 to 4 hours before extraction of dna to ensure that bacterial contamination was minimized .
each snail was dissected to remove its soft body parts , and kept at - 20 °c until further analysis . each specimen was labeled , databased and imaged . all specimen records are in the project ‘jut - mitochondrial dna barcodes identification for snail in family bithyniidae in thailand’ on bold , the barcode of life data systems [ 38 ] .
total genomic dna was extracted from whole snail tissue using methods similar to those in winnepenninckx et al . [ 39 ] . snail tissue was first homogenized in lysis buffer ( 2 % w / v cetyltri - ammonium bromide ; ctab , 1 . 4 m nacl , 0 . 2 % v / v β - mercaptoethanol , 20 mm edta , 100 mm trishcl ph 8 , 0 . 2 mg / ml proteinase k ) , and then incubated at 55 °c for 6 hours . subsequently , proteins were precipitated using phenol / chloroform ( 1 : 1 ) once , followed by phenol / chloroform / isoamylalcohol ( 25 : 24 : 1 ) , centrifuged at 13 , 000 g for 10 min ( 4 °c ) twice , and finally washed with chloroform ( 1 : 1 ) . the upper aqueous layer was removed , and dna was precipitated in isopropanol ( 2 : 3 v / v ) , mixed gently by inverting the tube a few times , put on ice for 15 min , and then spun in a microcentrifuge at 13 , 000 g for 5 min . after centrifugation , the supernatant was discarded ; the dna pellets were washed in 75 % absolute ethanol , and centrifuged at 13 , 000 g for 5 min . after air - drying , the dna pellet was re - suspended in te buffer ( 10 mm tris , 1mm edta , ph 8 . 0 ) and stored at - 20 °c until analysis . the dna concentration and purity were estimated by spectrophotometer ( nanovue , ge healthcare uk limited , buckinghamshire , uk ) at an absorbance of 260 and 280 nm wavelengths . the extracted genomic dna was then diluted to a working concentration of 10 ng / µl .
forward and reverse dna sequences were assembled , and edited using chromas version 2 . 23 [ 46 ] , bioedit v . 5 . 0 . 6 [ 47 ] and codoncode v . 3 . 01 ( codoncode corporation , dedham , ma ) . alignment and homology analysis were performed using clustal x v . 1 . 8 [ 48 ] and mega 4 [ 49 ] with pairwise nucleotide sequence divergences calculated using the kimura 2 - parameter ( k2p ) model [ 50 ] . base composition and distance summaries were obtained using the tools provided on the bold workbench ( www . boldsystems . org ) [ 38 ] , but only sequences ≥ 350 bp were included in the analysis . a neighbour - joining ( nj ) tree was also created using bold to provide a preliminary display of the sequence divergences .
pairwise distances ( k2p ) for coi sequences from snail species in the family bithyniidae separated into two categories : ( a ) intraspecific ; ( b ) interspecific .
the high intraspecific divergences in w . crosseana and g . wykoffi could indicate the presence of previously unrecognized cryptic species . dna barcoding has proven invaluable at detecting cryptic species , which in many cases , are subsequently corroborated by life history , morphological or other character sets [ 51 - 54 ] . for these two snail species , the clusters represent allopatric populations with no apparent morphological differences , so it is currently unclear if they represent merely isolated populations or separate entities with differences yet to be revealed . conversely , the sharing of identical barcode sequence in g . pygmaea and one northern thailand population of g . wykoffi may be indicative of introgressive hybridization , incomplete lineage sorting , misidentification , or a previously unrecognized synonymy . further investigations into these groups are necessary to untangle and confirm these predictions and the use of more holistic approaches to delimit species boundaries will be beneficial .
an important finding in the present study is that the three first intermediate hosts ( b . s . siamensis , b . s . goniomphalos and b . funiculata ) of southeast asian liver fluke can all be distinguished by coi barcodes . all three taxa of bithynia sp . form monophyletic clusters , with 1 . 5 % divergence between the two subspecies of b . siamensis and both subspecies had 7 . 1 % divergence from b . funiculata ( table 3 ) . because the two subspecies of b . siamensis are morphologically indistinguishable , the capacity of dna barcoding to discriminate them is significant . moreover , morphological similarity has created taxonomic confusion and difficulties in the accurate identification of b . s . siamensis and b . s . goniomphalos which are currently believed to be distributed in the north , central , south and northeast of thailand [ 26 , 29 , 36 - 38 ] . as well , the capacity to rapidly diagnose all stages of the host’s life cycle is essential for better understanding of the epidemiology of this parasite - induced disease .
neighbour - joining tree ( k2p ) for 10 species / subspecies of snails in the family bithyniidae .
the number of individuals for each branch is given in parentheses . a detailed version of this tree , including locality information , is provided in figure s1 .
similar studies which have also been reported in other organisms [ 52 - 59 ] , yet over all dna barcoding has proven reliable in identifying species in more than 90 % of the organisms investigated [ 60 ] . the neighbour - joining tree and me analysis also revealed that in general , individuals tended to cluster in accordance with collection localities ( supporting information , figure s1 , s2 ) . the results from me analysis were very similar to the neighbor - joining analysis so the latter was used to generate diagrams .
in summary , the present study has studied genetic - variation in ten species / subspecies of bithyniidae from thailand using coi . sequence divergences were lower for intraspecific than congeneric comparison . using coi , 80 % of the studied snail taxa could accurately identified . in comparison with other methods for identifying snails in this family , dna barcoding is quicker , easier and more applicable , it is suitable for young snail identification which will be beneficial for understanding the epidemiology of opisthorchiasis transmission .
neighbour - joining tree ( distance model : kimura - 2 - parameter ) of profile and test taxa ; includes a list of bold with process id , taxa names , length of sequence and locality .
minimum evolution tree ( me ) of 218 coi sequences of 10 species / subspecies of snails in the family bithyniidae . the number of individuals for each branch is given in parentheses .
we thank the staffs of the biodiversity institute of ontario , university of guelph , ontario , canada , especially mr . sean prosser for providing technical advice . dr . jeff webb aided with data analysis , while dr . jeremy r . dewaard provided valuable comments on the manuscript . we also thank assistant professor dr . pairat tarbsripair , the malacologist who confirmed our identification species of the specimens . fieldwork that provided the basis for this work would not have been completed without the gracious support from dr . pairat tarbsripair , dr . supawadee piratae , dr . panita khampoosa , chalermlap donthaisong , patpicha arunsan , dr . apiporn suwannatrai , and kulwadee suwannatrai .
conceived and designed the experiments : jk st wr tb vv jr . performed the experiments : jk . analyzed the data : jk sp jr tb pp . contributed reagents / materials / analysis tools : jk sp pp pdnh . wrote the manuscript : jk st vv pp pdnh . collected specimens : sp . commentation : wr tb .
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in the basin of mun and chi river , thailand by rapd . m . sc . thesis : the graduate school , khon kaen university , khon kaen , thailand . .
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( of bithynia crosseana wattebled , 1884 ) wattebled g . ( 1884 ) . description de mollusques inédits , recueillis par m . le capitaine dorr , en cochinchine . journal de conchyliologie . 32 : 125 - 131 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 127 , pl . 6 fig . 4 [ details ]
brandt r . a . m . ( 1974 ) . the non - marine aquatic mollusca of thailand . archiv für molluskenkunde . 105 : i - iv , 1 - 423 . page ( s ) : 64 , pl . 5 , figs . 66 - 67 [ details ]
abbott r . t . ( 1948 ) . handbook of medically important mollusks of the orient and the western pacific . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology at harvard college . 100 ( 3 ) : 245 - 328 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 281 [ details ]
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dyer , e . , soulsby , a . - m . , whitton , f . , mcguinness , s . , de silva , r . , milligan , h . t . , kasthala , g . , herdson , r . , thorley , j . , mcmillan , k . & collins , a .
this species is known from several irrigation canals and reservoirs in thailand , including the lam ta khong reservoir in nakhon ratchasima ( tesana , 2002 ) and paddy fields and canals of several locations in chiang mai province ( ngern - klun 2006 ) , khon kaen province ( kittivorachate and yangyuen 2004 ) . further limited populations have also been found in nakorn sri thammarat province ( manning 1970 ) , surin province , and sriracha province . the species is also reported from close to the myanmar and cambodian borders , suggesting this species may also be found within these countries ( brandt 1974 ) , and there is a record from perlis state , northern peninsular malaysia ( malacology collection , academy of natural sciences , philadelphia ) .
, including this species , was found to be the third most abundant mollusc in khon kane reservoir , with the highest populations occurring in june ( kittivorachate 2004 ) . in addition , this species was found to be one of the dominant species of mollusc at depths of around 8 m ( kittivorachate 2004 ) .
further mollusc collections in chiang mai province found this species to be the second most abundant during the rainy season ( ngern - klun 2006 ) .
this species was collected from artificial reservoirs at a benthic depth range of 0 . 5 - 8 m ( kittivorachete 2004 ) . it has been found in cargo shipments to the usa , but has not become established ( perez
2004 ) . a general molluscan survey of lam ta khong reservoir across three seasons found an extremely low density of this species ( tesana , 2002 ) .
there are no species - specific conservation measures in place . further research on this species is recommended to clarify its abundance , distribution , life history and ecology and threats .
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thailand . ban houy near udorn thani . ex coll . r . brandt . 12 october 1963 .
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j . nucl . energy , part c plasma phys . ( 1959 - 1966 )
j . opt . a : pure appl . opt . ( 1999 - 2009 )
j . opt . b : quantum semiclass . opt . ( 1999 - 2005 )
j . phys . c : solid state phys . ( 1968 - 1988 )
1 department of biology , faculty of mathematics and natural sciences , bogor agricultural university , indonesia .
w priawandiputra et al 2017 iop conf . ser . : earth environ . sci . 58 012007
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the specific name crosseana is in honor of french conchologist joseph charles hippolyte crosse .
bouchet p . & rocroi j . - p . ( 2005 ) . classification and nomenclator of gastropod families . malacologia . 47 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 397 isbn 3 - 925919 - 72 - 4 . [ details ]
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abbott r . t . ( 1948 ) . handbook of medically important mollusks of the orient and the western pacific . < em > bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology at harvard college . < / em > 100 ( 3 ) : 245 - 328 .