calamaria is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family colubridae .

it contains 60 recognized species .

they are found in asia .

calamaria

calamaria gervaisii duméril , bibron & duméril 1854 : 76 calamaria gervaisi — jan 1865 calamaria mindorensis boulenger 1895 : 4481 calamaria gervaisii iridescens taylor 1917 calamaria tropica taylor 1922 calamaria polillensis taylor 1923 calamaria hollandi taylor 1923 calamaria gervaisi hollandi — leviton 1963 calamaria gervaisii — inger & marx 1965 : 106 calamaria gervaisii — manthey & grossmann 1997 : 328 calamaria gervaisii — inger & voris 2001 calamaria gervaisi iridescens — alcala et al . 2004 calamaria gervaisii — gaulke 2011 : 254 calamaria gervaisii — wallach et al . 2014 : 136
calamaria lovii boulenger 1887 : 169 calamaria lovii — manthey & grossmann 1997 : 329 calamaria lovii — chan - ard et al . 1999 : 31 calamaria lovi — inger & voris 2001 calamaria lowi — malkmus et al . 2002 : 317 calamaria lovii — wallach et al . 2014 : 139 calamaria lovii lovii boulenger 1887 calamaria lowi — mocquard 1890 calamaria ventralis cochran 1923 calamaria javanica lineata brongerma 1928 calamaria lovii lovii — grismer et al . 2004 calamaria lovii lovii — sang et al . 2009 calamaria lovii gimletti boulenger 1905 calamaria gimletti boulenger 1905 : 456 calamaria doerianense brongersma 1928 : 255 calamaria pavimentata sclater 1891 ( non duméril & bibron ) calamaria javanica wall 1921 ( non boulenger ) calamaria melanota chasen & smedley 1927 ( non jan ) calamaria gimletti — smedley 1931 : 53 calamaria gimletti — tweedie 1940 calamaria gimletti — tweedie 1954 calamaria fraseri taylor 1962 calamaria lovii gimletti — grismer et al . 2004 calamaria lovii gimletti — orlov 2009 calamaria gimletti — wallach et al . 2014 : 137 calamaria lovii ingermarxorum darevsky & orlov 1992 calamaria lovii ingermarxi darevsky & orlov 1992 calamaria lovii ingermarxorum — michels & bauer 2004 calamaria lovii wermuthi inger & marx 1965 calamaria lovii wermuthi — grismer et al . 2004 calamaria lovii wermuthi — sang et al . 2009
calamaria lumbricoidea h . boie in f . boie 1827 : 540 calamaria vermiformis duméril , bibron & duméril 1854 : 85 calamaria temmincki duméril , bibron & duméril 1854 : 87 calamaria lumbricoidea — duméril & bibron 1854 : 89 calamaria melanorhynchos bleeker 1860 calamaria alkeni bleeker 1860 calamaria lumbricoidea — jan 1865 calamaria vermiformis — jan 1865 calamaria stahlknechtii stoliczka 1873 calamaria stahlknechtii — boulenger 1885 : 388 calamaria vermiformis var . sumatranus lidth de jeude 1890 calamaria bungaroides werner 1901 : 300 calamaria vermiformis — lidth de jeude 1922 : 247 calamaria bruegeli mertens 1924 ( fide manthey 1983 ) calamaria göringi vogt 1925 : 64 calamaria vermiformis — tweedie 1950 calamaria vermiformis — tweedie 1954 calamaria lumbricoidea — inger & marx 1965 : 77 calamaria vermiformis — hendrickson 1966 : 67 calamaria lumbricoidea — grandison 1972 : 86 calamaria lumbricoidea — manthey & grossmann 1997 : 326 calamaria lumbricoidea — cox et al . 1998 : 36 calamaria lumbricoidea — inger & voris 2001 calamaria lumbricoidea — wallach et al . 2014 : 139
calamaria butonensis howard & gillespie 2007 calamaria butonensis — wallach et al . 2014 : 135
calamaria ingeri grismer , kaiser & yaakob 2004 calamaria ingeri — wallach et al . 2014 : 137
cyclophis calamaria günther 1858 cyclophis calamaria — günther 1859 : 231 homalosoma baliolum jan 1862 ( fide smith 1943 ) cyclophis nasalis günther 1864 ( fide smith 1943 ) ablabes calamaria — boulenger 1890 liopeltis calamaria — wall 1921 : 251 liopeltis calamaria — smith 1943 : 184 liopeltis calamaria — das 1996 : 57 liopeltis calamaria — karunarathna & amarasinghe 2011 liopeltis calamarius — wallach et al . 2014 : 385
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive species - calamaria ( calamaria ingeri )
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive species - calamaria ( calamaria ingeri )
title =
arkive species - calamaria ( calamaria ingeri )
border =
0
/ > < / a >
information on calamaria ingeri is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
synonymy mostly after david & vogel 1996 . type species : calamaria lumbricoidea h . boie in f . boie 1827 has been considered as the type species of the genus calamaria boie 1827 ( here calamaria linnaei is considered the type species , following wallach et al . 2014 ) .
calamaria ingeri is classified as critically endangered ( cr ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
vogt , theodor 1925 . beitrag zur kenntnis der schlangengattung calamaria . zool . anz . 62 ( 3 / 4 ) : 64 - 65
cochran , d . m . 1923 . two new species of calamaria from borneo . proc . biol . soc . washington 36 : 91 - 92 - get paper here
marx , h . & r . f . inger 1955 . notes on the snakes of the genus calamaria . fieldiana : zoology 37 : 167 - 209 - get paper here
boulenger , george a . 1895 . description of two new snakes of the genus calamaria . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 16 : 481 - get paper here
inger , r . f . ; marx , h . 1962 . variation of hemipenis and cloaca in the colubrid snake calamaria lumbricoidea . systematic zoology 11 ( 1 ) : 32 - 38
batuwita s . ( 2001 ) liopeltis calamaria ( günther , 1858 ) ( serpentes : colubridae ) first record from the galle district , southern sri lanka . loris , vol . 22 ( 6 )
inger , r . f . & h . marx 1965 . the systematics and evolution of the oriental colubrid snakes of the genus calamaria . fieldiana : zoology 49 : 1 - 304 . - get paper here
howard , s . d . & gillespie , g . r . 2007 . two new calamaria ( serpentes ) species from sulawesi , indonesia . journal of herpetology 41 ( 2 ) : 237 - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1887 . description of a new snake , of the genus calamaria , from borneo . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 19 : 169 - 170 - get paper here
ziegler , thomas ; nguyen van sang , nguyen quang truong 2009 . a new reed snake of the genus calamaria boie ( squamata : colubridae ) from vietnam . current herpetology 27 ( 2 ) : 71 - 80 [ 2008 ] - get paper here
justification : calamaria lumbricoidea has been assessed as least concern in view of its moderately wide distribution from southern thailand to java and the philippines , its tolerance of a variety of habitats , including human - affected environments and because no major widespread threats have been identified .
bhattarai , santosh , chalise , lina , gurung , ashish , pokheral , chiranjibi pd , subedi , naresh and sharma , vivek 2017 . geographic distribution : liopeltis calamaria ( lined stripe - necked snake ) herpetological review 48 ( 1 ) : 129 - get paper here
darevsky , i . s . & orlov , n . l . 1992 . a new subspecies of the dwarf snake calamaria lowi ingermarxi ssp . nov . ( serpentes , colubridae ) from southern vietnam . asiatic herpetological research 4 : 13 - 17 - get paper here
grismer , l . l . , h . kaiser & n . s . yaakob 2004 . a new species of reed snake of the genus calamaria h . boie , 1827 , from pulau tioman , pahang , west malaysia . hamadryad 28 ( 1 & 2 ) : 1 - 6
no population data is available for this rare snake . despite numerous surveys in lam dong and ha tinh , this species has very rarely been found since its original description , although other species of calamaria have been commonly reported from the same region ( q . t . nguyen pers . comm . august 2011 ) .
karunarathna d . m . s . s . , perera w . p . n . ( 2010 ) new distribution records for liopeltis calamaria ( günther , 1858 ) ( reptilia : serpentes : colubridae ) , with notes on its bioecology and threats in sri lanka . sauria , berlin , 32 ( 2 ) : 49–55
orlov , nikolai l . 2009 . a new species of the genus calamaria ( squamata : ophidia : colubridae ) from the central highlands ( ngoc linh nature reserve , ngoc linh mountain , kon tum province ) , vietnam . russ . j . herpetol . 16 ( 2 ) : 146 - 154 - get paper here
( of asterias calamaria gray , 1840 ) gray , j . e . ( 1840 ) . xxii . a synopsis of the genera and species of the class hypostoma ( asterias , linnaeus ) . annals and magazine of natural history . 6 : 175 - 184 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 179 [ details ]
karunarathna , d . m . s . suranjan & w . p . naalin perera 2010 . new distribution records for liopeltis calamaria ( günther , 1858 ) ( reptilia : serpentes : colubridae ) , with notes on its bioecology and threats in sri lanka . [ in german ] . sauria 32 ( 2 ) : 49 - 55 - get paper here
( of asterias ( stolasterias ) calamaria gray , 1840 ) gray , j . e . ( 1840 ) . xxii . a synopsis of the genera and species of the class hypostoma ( asterias , linnaeus ) . annals and magazine of natural history . 6 : 175 - 184 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 179 [ details ]
koch , a . ; arida , e . ; mcguire , j . a . ; iskandar , d . t . & böhme , w . 2009 . a new species of calamaria ( squamata : colubridae ) similar to c . ceramensis de rooij , 1913 , from the banggai islands , east of sulawesi , indonesia . zootaxa 2196 : 19–30 - get paper here
( of asteracanthion calamaria ( gray , 1840 ) ) dujardin , m . f . and hupe , m . h . ( 1862 ) . histoire naturelle des zoophytes échinodermes : comprenant la description des crinoïdes , des ophiurides , des astérides , des échinides et des holothurides . paris : libraire encyclopedique de roret . 627 pages , 10 plates . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 339 [ details ]
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
type : bmnh 1946 . 1 . 5 . 60 ( and possibly additional specimens ) .
beddome , richard henry 1863 . further notes upon the snakes of the madras presidency ; with descriptions of new species . madras quart . j . med . sci . , 6 : 41 - 48 [ reprint : j . soc . bibliogr . nat . sci . , london , 1 ( 10 ) : 306 - 314 , 1940 ]
bhupathy , subramanian & n . sathishkumar 2013 . status of reptiles in meghamalai and its environs , western ghats , tamil nadu , india . journal of threatened taxa 5 ( 15 ) : 4953 - 4961 - get paper here
boulenger , george a . 1890 . the fauna of british india , including ceylon and burma . reptilia and batrachia . taylor & francis , london , xviii , 541 pp . - get paper here
boulenger , george a . 1894 . catalogue of the snakes in the british museum ( natural history ) . volume ii . , containing the conclusion of the colubridæ aglyphæ . british mus . ( nat . hist . ) , london , xi , 382 pp . - get paper here
günther , a . 1858 . catalogue of colubrine snakes of the british museum . london , i - xvi , 1 - 281
günther , a . 1859 . on the geographical distribution of reptiles . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 3 : 221 - 237 - get paper here
jan , g . 1865 . iconographie générale des ophidiens . 13 . livraison . [ homalosoma mite ] . j . b . bailière et fils , paris - get paper here
karunarathna , suranjan ; d . m . s . and a . a . thasun amarasinghe 2011 . a preliminary survey of the reptile fauna in nilgala forest and its vicinity , monaragala district , sri lanka . taprobanica 3 ( 02 ) : 69 - 76
lenz , norbert 2012 . von schmetterlingen und donnerdrachen - natur und kultur in bhutan . karlsruher naturhefte 4 , naturkundemuseum karlsruhe , 124 pp .
palot , m . j . 2015 . a checklist of reptiles of kerala , india . journal of threatened taxa 7 ( 13 ) : 8010–8022 - get paper here
sharma , r . c . 2004 . handbook indian snakes . akhil books , new delhi , 292 pp .
smith , m . a . 1943 . the fauna of british india , ceylon and burma , including the whole of the indo - chinese sub - region . reptilia and amphibia . 3 ( serpentes ) . taylor and francis , london . 583 pp .
taylor , edward h . 1950 . the snakes of ceylon . univ . kansas sci . bull . 33 ( 14 ) : 519 - 603 - get paper here
wall , frank 1921 . ophidia taprobanica or the snakes of ceylon . colombo mus . ( h . r . cottle , govt . printer ) , colombo . xxii , 581 pages - get paper here
wallach , van ; kenneth l . williams , jeff boundy 2014 . snakes of the world : a catalogue of living and extinct species . taylor and francis , crc press , 1237 pp .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
synonymy after inger & marx 1965 . the type locality of c . gervaisii is “java” which is erroneous according to marx 1955 . he thinks that it came from luzon .
alcala , e . l . ; alcala , a . c . & dolino , c . n . 2004 . amphibians and reptiles in tropical rainforest fragments on negros island , the philippines . env . cons . 31 ( 3 ) : 254 - 261 - get paper here
beolens , bo ; michael watkins , and michael grayson 2011 . the eponym dictionary of reptiles . johns hopkins university press , baltimore , usa - get paper here
beukema , w . 2011 . herpetofauna of disturbed forest fragments on the lower mt . kitanglad rnage , mindanao isand , philippines . salamandra 47 ( 2 ) : 90 - 98 - get paper here
brown , r . m . ; mcguire , j . a . ; ferner , j . w . ; icarangal jr . , n . & kennedy , r . s . 2000 . amphibians and reptiles of luzon island , ii : preliminary report on the herptofauna of aurora memorial national park , philippines . hamadryad 25 ( 2 ) : 175 - 195
brown ; rafe ; cameron siler , carl oliveros , luke welton , ashley rock , john swab , merlijn van weerd , jonah van beijnen , dominic rodriguez , edmund jose , arvin diesmos 2013 . the amphibians and reptiles of luzon island , philippines , viii : the herpetofauna of cagayan and isabela provinces , northern sierra madre mountain range . zookeys 266 ( 2013 ) special issue : 1 - 120 < br / > doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 266 . 3982 - get paper here
das , i . & yaakob , n . 2007 . status of knowledge of the malaysian herpetofauna . in status of biological diversity in malaysia & threat assessment of plant species in malaysia . in : l . s . l . chua , l . g . kirton & l . g . saw ( eds . ) , status of biological diversity in malaysia & threat assessment of plant species in malaysia . forest research institute malaysia , kepong , pp . 31 - 81
duméril , a . m . c . , g . bibron & a . h . a . duméril 1854 . erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles . vol . 7 ( partie 1 ) . paris , xvi + 780 s . - get paper here
ferner , john w . , rafe m . brown , rogelio v . sison and robert s . kennedy 2000 . the amphibians and reptiles of panay island , philippines . asiatic herpetological research 9 : 1 - 37 - get paper here
gaulke , m . 2011 . the herpetofauna of panay island , philippines . edition chimaira , 390 pp .
inger , r . f . & voris , h . k . 2001 . the biogeographical relations of the frogs and snakes of sundaland . journal of biogeography 28 : 863 - 89 1
jan , g . 1865 . iconographie générale des ophidiens . 10 . livraison . j . b . bailière et fils , paris - get paper here
leviton , a . e . , 1963 . remarks on the zoogeography of philippine terrestrial snakes . proc . cal . acad . sci . ( 4 ) 31 : 369 - 416 . - get paper here
manthey , u . & grossmann , w . 1997 . amphibien & reptilien südostasiens . natur und tier verlag ( münster ) , 512 pp . - get paper here
mcleod , david s . ; cameron d . siler , arvin c . diesmos , mae l . diesmos , vhon s . garcia , angela o . arkonceo , kelvin l . balaquit , charlene c . uy , mariden m . villaseran , earle c . yarra , rafe m . brown 2011 . amphibians and reptiles of luzon island , v : the herpetofauna of angat dam watershed , bulacan province , luzon island , philippines . asian herpetological research 2 ( 4 ) : 177–198 - get paper here
relox , richel e . ; emmanuel p . leańo , and fritzie b . ates - camino 2011 . herpetofaunal endemism and diversity in tropical forests of mt . hamiguitan in the philippines . herp . cons . biol . 6 ( 1 ) : 107−113 - get paper here
sanguila mb , cobb ka , siler cd , diesmos ac , alcala ac , brown rm 2016 . the amphibians and reptiles of mindanao island , southern philippines , ii : the herpetofauna of northeast mindanao and adjacent islands . zookeys 624 : 1–132 , doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 624 . 9814 - get paper here
smith , brian e . 1993 . notes on a collection of squamate reptiles from eastern mindanao , philippine islands part 2 : serpentes . asiatic herpetological research 5 : 96 - 102 - get paper here
supsup , christian e . ; nevong m . puna , augusto a . asis , bernard r . redoblado , maria fatima g . panaguinit , faith m . guinto , edmund b . rico , arvin c . diesmos , rafe m . brown and neil aldrin d . mallari 2016 . amphibians and reptiles of cebu , philippines : the poorly understood herpetofauna of an island with very little remaining natural habitat asian herpetological research 2016 , 7 ( 3 ) : 151–179 doi : 10 . 16373 / j . cnki . ahr . 150049 - get paper here
taylor , e . h . 1923 . additions to the herpetological fauna of the philippine islands , iii . philippine journal of science , 22 : 515—557 - get paper here
boie , f . 1827 . bemerkungen über merrem ' s versuch eines systems der amphibien , 1 . lieferung : ophidier . isis van oken 20 : 508 - 566 . - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1885 . a list of reptiles and batrachians from the island of nias . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 16 : 388 - 389 - get paper here
chan - ard , t . , parr , j . w . k . & nabhitabhata , j . 2015 . a field guide to the reptiles of thailand . oxford university press , ny , 352 pp . [ see book reviews by pauwels & grismer 2015 and hikida 2015 for corrections ] - get paper here
cox , merel j . ; van dijk , peter paul ; jarujin nabhitabhata & thirakhupt , kumthorn 1998 . a photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of peninsular malaysia , singapore and thailand . ralph curtis publishing , 144 pp .
das , i . 2012 . a naturalist ' s guide to the snakes of south - east asia : malaysia , singapore , thailand , myanmar , borneo , sumatra , java and bali . oxford j , ohn beaufoy publishing - get paper here
david , p . & vogel , g . 1996 . the snakes of sumatra . an annotated checklist and key with natural history notes . bücher kreth , frankfurt / m .
grandison , a . g . c . 1972 . the gunong benom expedition 1967 . 5 . reptiles and amphibians of gunong benom with a description of a new species of macrocalamus . bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( zool . ) , london , 23 : 45 - 101 .
grismer , l . lee ; chan k . onn , jesse l . grismer , perry l . wood , jr . , and a . norhayati 2010 . a checklist of the herpetofauna of the banjaran bintang , peninsular malaysia . russ . j . herpetol . 17 ( 2 ) : 147 - 160 - get paper here
grismer , l . l . 2011 . amphibians and reptiles of the seribuat archipelago . edition chimaira , frankfurt , 239 pp .
hendrickson , j . r . 1966 . observations on the fauna of pulau tioman and pulau tulai . 5 . the reptiles . bull . nat . mus . singapore 34 : 53 - 71
lidth de jeude , t . w . van 1922 . snakes from sumatra . zoologische mededelingen 6 : 239 - 253 . - get paper here
lim , k . k . p . & ng , h . h . 1999 . the terrestrial herpetofauna of pulau tioman , peninsular malaysia . raffles bull . zool . , suppl . no . 6 : 131 - 155 - get paper here
malkmus , r . ; manthey , u . ; vogel , g . hoffmann , p . & kosuch , j . 2002 . amphibians and reptiles of mount kinabalu ( north borneo ) . a . r . g . ganther verlag , rugell , 404 pp .
manthey , u . 1983 . exkursion am mt . kinabalu ( 4101 m ) , nordborneo , teil 3 : checkliste der herpetofauna oberhalb 600 m ü . nn . herpetofauna 5 ( 23 ) : 20 - 31 - get paper here
nur - amalina m . i . ; azhari , m . , norshaqinah , a . , nor azrin , n . a . , shukor , m . n . , aisah , m . s . , amirrudin , a . , grismer , l . l . and norhayati , a . 2017 . species composition of amphibians and reptiles in tembat forest reserve , hulu terengganu , terengganu , peninsular malaysia . malays . appl . biol . 46 ( 4 ) : 119–129 - get paper here
onn , chan kin ; l . lee . grismer , dionysius s . sharma , daicus belabut , and norhayati ahma 2009 . new herpetofaunal records for perlis state park and adjacent areas . malayan nature journal 61 ( 4 ) : 255 - 262
rooijen , j . van & myriam van rooijen . 2007 . the land snakes of the santubong peninsula , sarawak , borneo : a preliminary list of species with natural history notes . russ . j . herpetol . 14 ( 1 ) : 27 - 38 - get paper here
rooijen , j . van & van rooijen , m . 2002 . einige ergänzungen , berichtigungen und neue beobachtungen zur herpetofauna von pulau tioman , west - malaysia . sauria 24 ( 3 ) : 3 - 12 [ erratum in 24 ( 4 ) : 34 ] - get paper here
smedley , n . 1932 . amphibians and reptiles from the cameron highlands , malay peninsula . bull . raffles mus . 6 : 105 - 123 [ 1931 ] - get paper here
stoliczka , f . 1873 . notes on some species of malayan amphibia and reptilia . j . asiat . soc . bengal 42 : 111 - 126 - get paper here
teo , r . c . h . & rajathurai , s . 1997 . mammals , reptiles and amphibians in the nature reserves of singapore - diversity , abundance and distribution . proc . nature reserves survey seminar . gardens’ bulletin singapore 49 : 353 - 425
teynié , alexandre ; patrick david , & annemarie ohler 2010 . note on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from western sumatra ( indonesia ) , with the description of a new species of the genus bufo . zootaxa 2416 : 1–43 - get paper here
tweedie , m . w . f . 1950 . notes on malayan reptiles , no . 2 . bull . raffles mus . no 23 : 191 - 199
tweedie , m . w . f . 1954 . notes on malayan reptiles , no . 3 . bull . raffles mus . no 25 : 107 - 117
werner , f . 1901 . neue reptilien des königsberger zoologischen museums . zool . anz . 24 : 297 - 301 - get paper here
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
this very well known snake has as many as 17 synonyms ( inger and marx 1965 ) .
grismer , l . , chan - ard , t . & inger , r . f .
de silva , r . , milligan , ht , wearn , o . r . , wren , s . , zamin , t . , sears , j . , wilson , p . , lewis , s . , lintott , p . , powney , g . , diesmos , a . c . & diesmos , m .
this widespread snake is found throughout much of southeast asia . it has been recorded from southern thailand , peninsular malaysia ( and the island of pulau tioman ) , singapore , indonesia , borneo and the philippines ( occurring on basilan , mindanao , camiguin sur , negros , possibly panay , bohol , leyte , samar , dinagat and siargao ) ( ross and lazell jr 1990 , cox
2002 , das 2007 , a . diesmos and a . demegillo pers . comm . ) . it can be found from lowland areas to around 1 , 400m asl ( cox
1998 ) . in indonesia it is known from the mentawai and nasuna besar archipelagos , and nias ( david and vogel 1996 ) , sumatra , java ( inger and voris 2001 ) and sulawesi . the snake is known from fifteen localities on the island of borneo ( r . inger pers . comm . ) , where it is found in all political territories .
david and vogel ( 1996 ) caution that , although this species is apparently widespread , it is uncommon and seldom seen ; however it is generally a common species in the philippines .
this oviparous species mainly inhabits lowland and montane moist forests . it probably also occurs in plantations and in the vicinity of rice paddies ( david and vogel 1996 ) . arcbc ( 2006 ) also state that this species can tolerate
degraded , secondary forest and scrub
and r . inger ( pers . comm . ) notes it is also found in thin wooded areas at the edge of cities . it is a ground - dwelling or semi - fossorial snake , mainly active at night and often found among litter or under stones , fallen trees and decaying vegetation .
it is unlikely that any major threat is impacting this species across its range , as it is widespread and tolerant of habitat modification . as with many snakes , it is occasionally killed when encountered .
this species is present within many protected areas . there is a need for further taxonomic study of this wide ranging species . no direct conservation measures are currently needed for this species as a whole .
grismer , l . , chan - ard , t . & inger , r . f . 2012 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
de silva , r . , milligan , ht , wearn , o . r . , wren , s . , zamin , t . , sears , j . , wilson , p . , lewis , s . , lintott , p . & powney , g .
justification : this species is listed as least concern because it is widely distributed , is common , is likely to occur in protected areas , and there are no known major threats affecting it .
the species occurs in sumatra , borneo and malaysia . in sumatra , the species has been recorded from ampat lawang , south sumatra and from deli , north sumatra . in borneo the species has been recorded from sarawak and sabah , as well as from east and central kalimantan . its presence in southern thailand is uncertain . there is one doubtful record from java , considered to be in error . it occurs at elevations between 300 and 1 , 200 m .
numerous records of this species exist from sarawak and sabah , suggesting that this species is common .
species , it is assumed that this species is fossorial and occurs in forests . most records are from lowlands around 300 - 600 m asl , but there are two records from mt . kinabalu ( 900 - 1 , 200 m asl )
there are no known major threats to this species , which is common and widespread .
as this species is rather common and widespread , it is very likely to occur in protected areas in borneo as well as in sumatra . there are no conservation measures or actions in place for this species .
the species is known from the type series of six specimens and one doubtful record from singapore ( grandison 1978 ) . this uncertain record has not been included in the current assessment .
justification : this species was described in 1983 and is only known from the type locality in sandakan bay , sabah , malaysia . the original lowland forest where the species was found has disappeared due to deforestation for urban development and tourism . there has therefore been an inferred population decline of close to 100 % over the past 10 years ( and therefore also within the longer of ten years or three generations ) . the species is listed as critically endangered and considered to be possibly extinct .
the species is only known from sandakan bay , sabah , malaysia , from an area close to sea level .
there is no information about the population of this species . however , population decline and possible extinction has been inferred from the observed decline in the amount of suitable habitat left for the species to survive due to human activities .
deforestation of lowland forest for urbanisation and tourist development is known to have completely wiped out the forest from where this species was recorded ; only one nearby , small fragment remains where this species might persist ( i . das pers . obs . 2011 ) . survey work conducted by r . inger in this area failed to locate the species ( r . inger pers . comm . 2011 ) .
survey work is needed to confirm if the species is still present in the area where it was found or in nearby forest .
this species is a widespread endemic of the philippines . it has been recorded from the islands of luzon , polillo , mindoro , tablas , panay , negros , cebu , catanduanes , mindanao lubang , and basilan . it has a wide elevational range , being found from close to sea level to around 1 , 000 m asl .
this snake may be found burrowing in humus under rotting logs , under flat rocks , and between tree buttresses ( brown et al . 2000 , ferner et al . 2000 ) . it has been recorded from disturbed habitats ( for instance under logs in coconut plantations ) on luzon and catanduanes .
in view of the species wide distribution , it seems likely that it is present within a number of protected areas . no direct conservation measures are currently needed for this widespread species .
justification : this species is listed as endangered because its extent of occurrence is less than 2 , 000 km 2 , all individuals are in a single location , and there is a continuing decline of the species ' habitat outside of protected areas .
this species is only known from the middle section of wuliang mountain which belongs to jingdong county and nanjian county , yunnan province , china . it was recorded at 1 , 100 - 1 , 200 m asl ( zhao and adler 1993 ) .
this species lives in mid - level mountains and hills . it has been found at the edge of montane forest along the side of a road in the evening ( rao ding - qi pers . comm . 2011 ) . there is no information available on its diet or reproduction ( zhao 2006 ) .
there is a decline in the habitat of this species outside of protected areas owing to conversion of land to agricultural use ( cropland ) .
part of the range of this species is within the wuliang mountain protected area . further studies are needed into the ecology and habitat preferences of this species .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml + rdfa 1 . 0 / / en
urltoken
nostril very small , single nasal . supralabial 6 or 7 ; 3rd & 4th in contact with eyes ; loreal united with nasal ; preocular 1 or 2 ; postocular 2 ; temporal 1 + 2 . anterior genial slightly longer than posterior . maxillary teeth 24 - 26 .
126 - 142 ( male ) , 130 - 154 ( female ) ; rounded ; anal divided .
68 - 78 ( male ) , 53 - 72 ( female ) ; paired .
boulenger g . a . ( 1890 ) the fauna of british india including ceylon and burma , reptilia and batrachia . london : taylor and francis .
boulenger g . a . ( 1894 ) catalogue of the snakes in the british museum ( natural history ) . vol . 2 , london : taylor and francis .
chikane s . , bhosale h . ( 2012 ) reptiles of kaas , northern western ghats , maharashtra , india , with notes on habitat preferences , abundances and threats . sauria , berlin , 34 ( 3 ) : 3–15
ganesh s . r . , bhupathy s . , david p . , sathishkumar n . , srinivas g . ( 2014 ) snake fauna of high wavy mountains , western ghats , india : species richness , status , and distribution pattern . russian journal of herpetology . vol . 21 ( 1 ) , pp . 53 – 64
dutta s . k . , acharjyo l . n . ( 1995 ) herpetofaunal resources and their conservation in orissa , india . zoos’ print , vol . 10 ( 7 ) , pp . 5 - 8
günther a . ( 1864 ) the reptiles of british india . london : published for the ray society by robert hardwicke
murthy t . s . n . ( 1990 ) illustrated guide to the snakes of the western ghats , india . records of the zoological survey of india , occasional paper no . 114
smith m . a . ( 1943 ) the fauna of british india , ceylon and burma including the whole of the indo - chinese sub - region , reptilia and amphibia . vol 3 serpentes . taylor & francis , london .
srinivasulu c . , das i . ( 2008 ) the herpetofauna of nallamala hills , eastern ghats , india : an annotated checklist , with remarks on nomenclature , taxonomy , habitat use , adaptive types and biogeography . asiatic herpetological research , vol . 11 , pp . 110–131
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
hinrich kaiser associate professor | biology victor valley college 18422 bear valley road victorville , ca 92395 office : sl24 tel : 760 - 245 - 4271 ext 2772 hinrich . kaiser @ urltoken
terms of use - the displayed portlet may be used as a link from your website to arkive ' s online content for private , scientific , conservation or educational purposes only . it may not be used within apps .
myarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members , allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with friends .
team wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planet’s species and habitats from destruction .
wildscreen is a registered charity in england and wales no . 299450 wildscreen usa is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit organisation in the usa
note ' isle de france ' ( mauritius ) ; new holland . . .
type locality ' isle de france ' ( mauritius ) ; new holland ( australia ) ' . [ details ]
description according to clark & rowe ( 11971 ) , known from mauritius ( and east africa ) and from temperate but not tropical australia . . . .
description according to clark & rowe ( 11971 ) , known from mauritius ( and east africa ) and from temperate but not tropical australia . the british museum record from the south pacific is based on the ' challenge ' specimen determined as asterias gemmifera ( a south american species ) by sladen . [ details ]
( of asterias jehennesi valenciennes ( ms ) in perrier , 1875 ) perrier , e . ( 1875 ) . révision de la collection de stellérides du museum d’histoire naturelle de paris . paris , reinwald . 384 p . , available online at urltoken ; _ esc = y page ( s ) : 47 ; note : although listed as cuvier in a . m . clark ' s list , this species is listed as valenciennes in perrier ( 1875 ) [ details ]
( of asteracanthion jehennesi valenciennes ( ms ) in perrier , 1875 ) perrier , e . ( 1875 ) . révision de la collection de stellérides du museum d’histoire naturelle de paris . paris , reinwald . 384 p . , available online at urltoken ; _ esc = y page ( s ) : 47 [ details ]
clark , a . m . ; downey , m . e . ( 1992 ) . starfishes of the atlantic . chapman & hall identification guides , 3 . chapman & hall . london , uk . isbn 0 - 412 - 43280 - 3 . xxvi , 794 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
clark , a . m . ; rowe , f . w . e . ( 1971 ) . monograph of shallow - water indo - west pacific echinoderms . trustees of the british museum ( natural history ) . london . x + 238 p . + 30 pls . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
justification : listed as data deficient because this poorly - known species has been rarely recorded , nothing is known of its distribution or population status , and its response to forest degradation from selective logging is unclear .
this species is currently known only from viet nam , where records exist from dalat and bao loc in lam dong province , and from huong son in ha tinh province . it has an estimated extent of occurrence , based on the combined area of the known sites , of around 5 , 250 km 2 .
this oviparous snake is fossorial in forest leaf litter , and has only been found in evergreen forest ( q . t . nguyen pers . comm . august 2011 ) . forest in ha tinh is pristine , and so this snake may rely on good - quality forest ( q . t . nguyen pers . comm . august 2011 ) it is nocturnal ( orlov
in ha tinh and lam dong the main pressure on forest comes from selective logging ( q . t . nguyen pers . comm . august 2011 ) ; the extent to which this activity threatens the snake is unknown .
no conservation measures are in place for this species . it has not been recorded from any protected areas . more information is needed on its distribution , population status and its sensitivity to threats .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
description : body cylindrical , head hardly distinct from body , tail relatively short , dorsal scales smooth . body uniformly dark brown above with a white or yellow stripe along the side . underside with black and yellowish white bands . hatchlings have a pink head and may be confused with the pink - headed reed snake . however , they have narrow whitish bands over the back , and the underside is banded .
baker , n . & lim , k . 2012 . wild animals of singapore . singapore : draco publishing and distribution pte ltd . 180pp
supported client browser : ie6 + , firefox 1 . 05 + , chrome 12 + , opera 7 . 52 + , netscape 7 . 1 +
type locality : kakenauwe reserve at 5°11’0’’s , 122°53’40’’e , and 150 m elevation , buton island , sulawesi , indonesia .
holotype : mbz 3125 , adult male , collected on 21 june , 2002 .
koch , a . 2011 . the amphibians and reptiles of sulawesi : underestimated diversity in a dynamic environment . in : f . e . zachos and j . c . habel ( eds . ) , biodiversity hotspots . springer , berlin , p . 383 - 404
koch , a . 2012 . discovery , diversity , and distribution of the amphibians and reptiles of sulawesi and its offshore islands . edition chimaira , 374 pp . [ isbn 978 - 3 - 89973 - 432 - 4 ] - get paper here
west malaysia ( pullau tioman , pahang ) type locality : pulau tioman , pahang , west malaysia .
grossmann , w . & tillack , f . 2004 . pulau tioman - perle im südchinesischen meer , teil 1 . reptilia ( münster ) 9 ( 50 ) : 42 - 49 - get paper here
indonesia ( java , borneo ) , malaysia ( sarawak , sabah ) ; type locality : rejang river , sarawak , malaysia .
ingermarxi : vietnam ; type locality : “buoenloy , gilai - contum province , vietnam ; 750 m” elevation .
named in honor of brooke low who gave the specimen to the london natural history museum .
boulenger , george a . 1905 . descriptions of new snakes in the collection of the british museum . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 15 ( 89 ) : 453 - 456 - get paper here
brongersma , l . d . 1928 . neue reptilien aus dem zoologischen museum amsterdam . zool . anz . 75 : 251 - 257 .
daan , s . & hillenius , d . 1966 . catalogue of the type specimens of amphibians and reptiles in the zoological museum , amsterdam . beaufortia 13 : 117 - 144
david , p . & vogel , g . 2010 . venomous snakes of europe , northern , central and western asia ( terralog 16 ) ( english and german edition ) . edition chimaira , terralog 16 , 160 pp . - get paper here
grandison , a . g . c . 1978 . snakes of west malaysia and singapore . annalen des naturhistorischen museums in wien 81 [ 1977 ] : 283 - 303 - get paper here
michels , j . p . & a . m . bauer 2004 . some corrections to the scientific names of amphibians and reptiles . bonner zoologische beiträge 52 : 83–94 [ 2005 ] - get paper here
sang , nguyen van ; ho thu cuc , nguyen , quang truong 2009 . herpetofauna of vietnam . chimaira , frankfurt , 768 pp .
smedley , n . 1931 . notes on some malaysian snakes . bull . raffles mus . no 5 : 49 - 54
taylor , e . h . 1962 . new oriental reptiles . univ . kansas sci . bull . 43 : 209 - 263 - get paper here
tweedie , m . w . f . 1940 . notes on malayan reptiles . bull . raffles mus . , singapore 16 : 83 - 87


syrmoptera melanomitra is a butterfly in the lycaenidae family .

it is found in cameroon , gabon , the republic of the congo and the democratic republic of the congo .

syrmoptera melanomitra

type - species : syrmoptera melanomitra karsch , 1895 . ent . nachr . berlin 21 : 308 . [ bhl ]
genus : syrmoptera karsch , 1895 . ent . nachr . berlin 21 ( 19 / 20 ) : 308 . [ bhl ]
© 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
we use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
a place for me to tell you about what i love . insects and spiders are one of my passions and i ' m glad that i get to share that with you all ! : )
they were amazing . . . . . . . last and latest bug hunt of the year . the latest they were out was in november 2011 . . . . . . felt like spring that day . today it felt like spring yet again and i was greatly awarded with all sorts of birds and assorted creepy crawlies . . . . . . . and a surprise from my lepidopteran friends .
i had originally gone to the park to look for cocoons of various moths . . . . . and maybe butterfly chrysalids or overwintering
and while i didn ' t find any of those . . . . . . . . . i did find something of a mystery lodged in one of the normally bug infested logs .
i wonder what exactly made this . . . . . . so many many possibilities .
it was discussed via facebook & twitter and the possibilities are endless . . . . .
to name a few of what it could be . . . . . . . . notodontids of the genera
i haven ' t seen here in any shape or form nor have i seen prionoxystus robiniae or any of the other 3 eastern n . american cossidae . the pupa wasn ' t
large
by any means . . . . . . but it wasn ' t
small
either . medium ? and skinny . . . . but not too skinny .
providing the weather is nice again after the snow we ' re supposed to get in a few days . i ' ll go back and see if it ' s still there and try and get better pics and maybe try and get it out . i tried but it seemed like it was stuck in there pretty tightly .
silken pads most likely . . . . . . and the added protection of a deep enough notch in a log . ^ ^ * another question though is when did it emerge ? last time i was there ( oct 15th ) i didn ' t see it there but then again i wasn ' t looking for cocoons or pupae / chrysalids then since the adults of various lepidopterans were out pollinating the last of the flowers .
my only guess it that it was over looked . it wouldn ' t make sense for it to have crawled in there say late / early october pupated and then emerged on an abnormally warm autumn / winter day only to eventually freeze to death . don ' t have the climate for them to do that
successfully
.
but i wouldn ' t rule anything out at this point . but the possibility of it being overlooked is more likely . hope to find more this year . . . . . . ♥
no clue ! ! was a shock to find this and many others zipping about . midges / craneflies ( these were in some sort of swarm ) another beetle in flight , slugs , milipedes , centipedes . . . . . . . woodlice . oh it was wonderful not to mention the birds .
juncos ! ! some friends had confirmed these are juncos and i had also learned that there might be a junco species complex ( idk if that would be the right term here but idk that much about birds to begin with ) since the
experts had lumped them all together
so to speak according to said friends .
i have many more but i ' ll post those in another post as once again i ' ve probably ranted enough about my precious lovely little friends . . . . . but i can ' t help it . * ^ ^ *
so i ' ve decided to document all the moths i ' ve seen this year that i ' ve id ' d and more or less id ' d . i had already more or less done this in a journal of sorts ( along with every other insect / spider ) i ' ve seen earlier in the season due to the lack of a camera .
i continued after purchasing another camera out of habit and utter enjoyment i got from doing so . also since i wasn ' t able to participate in national moth week ( due to lack of camera and the weather being entirely inappropriate for moth hunting the entire week ) this i think more then makes up for it i think . i ' m wondering if i could submit these anywhere . . . . . . at least the ones i was able to photograph ? ?
* note these aren ' t in order . . . . . . exactly . . . . . . just listing for convenience and enjoyment . dates added when possible .
all the moths listed above have similar wing colors & patterns to the one on my terrace that night . i was unfortunately unable to capture it to confirm it ' s identity . this pisses me off greatly . . . . . . sneaky little buggers . : p
spoladea recurvalis 10 - 01 - 13 saw about 5 - 6 of these throughout the season . first sighting was on 09 - 17 - 13 . was an utter bitch to id but soooo much fun . * ^ ^ *
atteva aurea 10 - 02 - 13 hadn ' t seen these in a looooooong time .
a very cold hypena scabra ( date unknown ) it ' s very much alive . not to worry . * ^ ^ *
was found on the most epic bug hunt of the year . my friend had taken me up to new jersey to see the cicadas and other assorted angels . pics later . . . . . in another entry . i think i ' ve spammed you all enough . : p
* * unidentified
zebra moth
was small . . . . . . . not as small as some other moths i ' ve seen
was quite plentiful this year . seen on numerous occasions throughout the season . a few of them might also have been
. . . . . . it ' s surprising how much they can look alike from a distance . xd
were both seen up at my friends house after the cicada fest . skippers and tiger swallowtails joined in along with numerous other creepy crawly lovely angels of all sorts .
oki doki that just about wraps this up for now . . . . . . . will be edited as needed of course . many firsts for me this season ( and there ' s more to tell ! ! ) . deliriously happy about all that ' s occurred bug wise . i only hope it gets even better with coming new year .
speaking of which i wish you all a merry christmas and a happy bug infested 2014 .
as you know monarchs are declining year after year . this year i ' ve only seen 3 and the year before i saw about maybe 20 give or take throughout the entire season ( i wasn ' t able to get photos because these were almost always in flight like they were on a mission ) ! ! this year i ' m proud to say i ' ve gotten pictures & videos of the blessed angels on 2 occasions .
the one pictured above was an absolute pleasure and honor to observe . i made a point of pointing it out to anyone who passed by while i was taking pictures ( this is the best one out of maybe 10 attempts ) of it feeding on the buddleia . it was a male . i hope it made it to mexico okay .
this one i had spotted in the treetops during my trip to the bronx zoo . what a pleasant surprise . i ' m also happy to report that they finally planted a nice patch of milkweed in the park by my house . orange milkweed ( asclepias tuberosa ? ) i hope it helps the monarchs that fly through here immensely .
the first one i had spotted i wasn ' t able to to get pictures of due to the lack of a camera ( i had unfortunately lost my old one ) and the fact that it flew by me so quickly it would ' ve been impossible to do so any way . xd it came out of nowhere just as i was pondering whether or not i ' d see any this year . . . . . . . . coincidence ? i don ' t think so .
that wouldn ' t be the first time butterflies ( in general ) popped up in ways that make me wonder . . . . . . . . especially this year . any way , as for the monarchs i ' ll do everything i can to support them and spread the awareness that they need our help badly . including keeping track of them and seeing if i can get some milkweed for my own purposes . . . . . we ' ll see .
. the nhm has a research library and they have . . . . . . . . everything . it ' s magnificent and i was so content in there surrounded by dozens of books on my precious angels . but the most coveted one was i . f . b common ' s moths of australia which i ' ll be ranting about .
first off this book is one of , if not the most well written pieces of literature on our heteroceran friends and it ' s something i ' ve wanted for a very very long time . sadly for reasons currently unknown ( i ' m trying to find out why ) the book is out of print and thus insanely hard to get a hold of .
sometime last year i found out the museum had a library and well . . . . . . . . you can guess what happened next . i went searching their archives to see if they had it during my hunt for a copy and lo and behold they did . and i finally got to read a nice big chunk of it ( they don ' t let anyone check out books , not even the staff ! unless under special circumstances ) and take a
of notes . my hand was cramping toward the end of the day . . . . . . . ohhhh it was wonderful .
this magnum opus of a book has both color and black and white photos a very nice layout of all the moth families found in australia and insanely wonderfully well written descriptions of their life cycles , behavior , species themselves , everything . in short mr . common is a genus and has my full and utter respect and idolization .
i can fully understand why people would flip their shit over this book ( as i have done ) it ' s everything i thought it would be and more .
it also has occurred to me that i think these might be the first photos of this book online . . . . . . . . . holy shit . i haven ' t found any except for the cover while searching online to see where i could possibly purchase a copy .
one of the main reasons this book was of particular interest to me besides the obvious was the extensive information on the epipyropidae whose larvae are parasites on various species of homopterans . epipyropids are yet another rule breaker of the
typical rules of lepidoptera
.
if i remember correctly a while back i think stated something on the possibility of parthenogenetic lepidoptera , if there were any or something along the lines and that how i didn ' t see how that could be possible blah blah blah .
and how course i was open to any possibility of there being any . . . . . . and look what happens . holy shit . there ' s so much to rant about involving this book . i want to go back there and try and see if i can read the entire thing cover to cover .
i think it ' s doable . we ' ll have to see . i ' ll post more photos in other entries ( there ' s more books to rant about ) since for some reason i ' m having trouble uploading more pics .
. for a while though i was researching various other similarly patterned swallowtails and giving myself rather
pleasant
headaches trying to figure out what this is .
of course this is all still open to speculation but i ' m 99 . 9 % sure this is
. . . . . . . i ' d like to know what subspecies if possible . i don ' t know if the pics / vids are clear enough to determine that but . . . . . . . . ^ ^ ; ;
visit # 10 ! ! this was magnificent as always . because it ' s towards the end of the season it was alot calmer and not so many people and not as many butterflies but still plentiful . hmmm lets see . . . . there were tons of atlas moths . at least 4 - 5 of them hidden throughout the blessed place and i managed to get some extremely nice photos of my lovely angels .
adorn my hat for atleast an hour each . they simply wouldn ' t leave and in the case of idea leucanoe i would ' ve walked out the door with it had the staff not
intervened
( i was all for taking it home too : p ) .
there were 2 . first one was perched up in the vegetation second one was flying around and had brushed against me and landed on the floor . one of the staff had picked it up and it was off flying again . it had reached the heat lights and the feeders . and i guess the light from the light fixtures emphasized this but as it was flying around the green of it ' s wings changed from green to blue to green again in various shades streaked with gold and silver . . . . . . . * . * like glitter .
then i traded for wings built to dazzle and float . . . . .
i was standing there with my mouth open . literally . it then settled on the vegetation and i proceeded to get pics ( see above ) . and if you look hard enough you can see said iridescence and the fact that the green is darker here then lets say this one :
this one was perched high up and away from nearby light sources . species wise friends and i were speculating between p . palinurus & p . daedalus . but i ' m 99 % sure is palinurus . i ' ll rant on this later in another entry . they had these here before on 2 other occasions but this is my first interaction with them .
all the other times they were just perched somewhere out of the way and then they ' d vanish and not be seen again . xd so this was beyond lovely . and they ' re my new fave after today .
they had more of them today then i ever remember them having within the 9 other times i ' ve been here . i ' ve observed something today that i never knew about my precious lovelies . they too are iridescent . the black wing tips of monarchs have a blue iridescence to them under light .
and 2 nymphalids that may or may not be
new
. i think one of them was a chocolate pansy (
) which i ' ve already listed and the other is one of the leafwings but i don ' t recognize it .
, and if that ' s the case then another new lovely angel has to be officially added to the ever growing list . ^ _ ^
another late nighter for me so i compiled a list of sorts of all the moths i have seen last year & throughout the years ( for some ) that i have successfully , or somewhat successfully identified .
however looking at it again , comparing images in the peterson ' s fieldguide to moths of north easter north america i don ' t think it ' s spilosoma dubia . . . . . . . . no idea . i ' ll have to research more .
pretty though . was found in the window of a closed down store last year ( i think it might still be there 0 _ 0 ) . pitty i couldn ' t get to it for better observation / id ' s but at least the pic is decent . ^ ^
i had the most delightful and rewarding ( i got to hold an atlas moth ! ) visit today at my paradise . i had been invited to tag along with a friends trip with her daughter and we went and saw all sorts of things . wound up in the hall of biodiversity and laid eyes on utter epicness :
among other wonderful things . i also found out where the library is . . . . . . . so i ' ll be investigating that asap . i want my books ^ ^ * they have i . f . b common ' s moths of australia ( i had checked their databases ) and i want to read it . it ' s out of print unfortunately so i at least want to read it . i hope one day i ' ll be lucky enough to obtain a copy somehow to call my own but for now i ' d like to just be able to read that magnum opus .
after running around various exhibits i finally got to go see my precious lepidopteran angels . . . . . . . and as i ' ve said was rewarded greatly as i got to hold an atlas moth (
we ( me and a volunteer ) had basically rescued the precious angel from being stuck in the window bar thingy . and the poor guy was having a shit fit over my handling it ( we ' re not supposed to disturb the moths & and he was a volunteer and didn ' t want to get in trouble ) which cut my time short holding said precious angel . i did manage to get a hasty video though of my having a happy fit while said volunteer was trying to get me to
hand it over
. i ' ll post that later . now it ' s on with the lovelyness
* or it could ' ve been h . sapho or h . cydno ?
* found a pic of this particular one online and i need to find it again to know the id . this is pending
* parthenos sylvia philippinica & p . s . lilacina they ' ve both had before but i didn ' t know that they were subspecies . i thought they were different color forms of parthenos sylvia . thanks to my friends payam & dave for id ' ing lovely angels . ^ ^ ♥
) outside the museum too . so many many birds everywhere that i ' ve never had the pleasure of seeing before . wonderful !
. i ' ll have a separate post for this as there ' s alot to rant about .
examples of 2 species of nemopteridae ( neuroptera ) halter imperatrix & chasmoptera sheppardi ( which as of right now may or may not be synonyms ) .
it ' s 4 : 00 am as i type this . xd for the past couple of days or so i ' ve been researching them . exactly what spurred this one ( research binge ) i haven ' t the slightest idea anymore but i ' ve been re - falling in love with them due to said research . to sum it up , since it ' s late neuroptera ( lacewings ) have numerous families and of those families i absolutely adore the nemopteridae , which i have just realized bear a resemblance to himantopteridid moths ( is this intentional or a coinicidence ? ) and ascalaphidae . . . . . . oh
i wish more then anything involving neuroptera that we had ascalaphids here . never had the pleasure of personally observing them . . . . . . . . only pictures ( same goes with nemopteridae ) . speaking of which :
i kinda wanna briefly research even more on these wonderful insects but as i said it ' s late xd i must make time to do so later tomorrow . i did find some rather wonderful papers on them via . wikipedia of all places ( which has an insane amount of info , with references ) . i ' ve been taking notes .
and the brown lacewings who ' s names i ' m forgetting right now . oh and then there ' s this :
australian ascalaphid . . . . . . . . does anyone know what species ? will ask around . any and all info / inputs are greatly welcomed and appreciated = )
if i counted right . . . . . . i think this is the 8th visit since this wonderful insanity started in 2011 . i cannot wait to get to visit number 10 whenever that ' ll be . but this one is memorable . . . . . . . . . because i met hazel davies program director and author ( i proudly have one of her books sitting on the table amongst many others in my house ) and although my meeting with her was brief it was infested with information on my lovelies . volunteering also came up yet again . . . . . . . i seriously think i ' m gonna do it at some point . first though personal things have to be permanently taken care of and then they ' re ( butterflies ) are mine . . . . . . .
she was mentioning schedules and i was thinking sundays since i virtually don ' t have anything to do on sundays so . . . . . we ' ll see . but i ' m not going to count my
eggs before they hatch . . . . . . i ' ll keep my fingers tightly crossed though .
* * had seen several and asked which species they were and was told
barred sister
( latin name unknown to all at the time ) so i ' d briefly check around online and the only
barred sister
i came across was the white - barred sister ( adelpha epione ) .
the unidentified swallowtail . never seen anything like it . any and all input is greatly appreciated ^ ^
flying around too only that the black in the wings seems more grey / silvery to me and the tails might ' ve been longer . . . . . . . . i managed to get on in a video ( will post shortly ) but idk if it ' s enough to id them definitely as there ' s also a
females were also observed . one was up right over the entrance door ( photo ) and the other was in the bushes a little ways away from said door on the other side . she unfortunately was near the end of her life as the poor thing wouldn ' t stop trembling .
which just popped out of nowhere and i managed to get a couple of fuzzy pictures . oh and there ' s this in the subway exits :
stuff like this was all over the walls and on the ground to the last exit they were letting people through because all the other ones were closed ( yes i stayed
late
again ) . didn ' t even know they had this . . . . . . . ♥
epic ! oh ! and i finally got to see
flight of the butterflies
. it ' s a magnificent film and it left me with an even greater appreciation and love for
i ' ll leave a proper review of that in another post . for now i have research and more posts to write .
manduca sexta 03 - 20 - 13 freshly eclosed . . . . . . . . . . . what a beauty .
) . totally unexpected and wonderful shock , and on top of that on the first day of spring .
talk about irony . don ' t you just love it ? ^ ^ i had heard quite a bit of rustling and i was thinking
wtf is that ?
knowing that we get all sorts of critters in here ( and i was hoping it wasn ' t a mouse xd ) only to look and see the pupa moving and fall off the sponge i had it on . it then
burst open
with this lovely angel thrashing around to get out .
it immediately starting climbing everything to get to a higher spot to expand it ' s wings tried to help it out by letting it crawl on my finger hoping it would settle there . . . . . . . . no it had other ideas ^ ^ ; ; ; ; it had wound up crawling onto my shoulder at which point i just put it back into the pavillion thingy ( what do you call those netted butterfly enclosures anyway ? ) where it climbed to the top and eventually settled down to expand it ' s wings .
took about an hour or so give or take . i sat there the whole time and watched it taking pics & vids at different intervals . since it was already dark out some are a bit blurry but what can you do when the lighting atm sucks ? : p work with what you got that ' s what .
manduca sexta 03 - 20 - 13 climbing up the sides of the pavilion thingy . old pupal shell i had gently removed after taking this photo .
of the brief minute or two i got to hold it i can tell you 2 things .
1 . they as adults also have quite a grip ( the larvae did too , perhaps even more so being that they ' re nothing but muscles designed for munching , chomping , etc ) .
2 . they have a scent after they emerge . idk how to explain it . . . . . . it ' s not like anything i ' ve ever smelt before . i know there ' s a
freshness
to it . idk what it was that gave it that scent . . . . . meconium ?
of meconium the little sucker had dripped a nice splotch of it on the
floor
of the pavillion thingy . . . . . . i do hope that ' ll come out easier later . xd
manduca sexta 03 - 20 - 13 in the process of expanding and drying its wings .
then i traded for wings built to dazzle and float . . . . . . . . .
i felt through out the entire miracle that was taking place in my house . and as i sit here thinking about it ( in general ) i ' m utterly baffled and amazed on how these lovely and often misunderstood creatures come to be .
i once again have to thank the lord for allowing me to enjoy his epic creations . i love every single one of them to pieces . and i hope that i get to enjoy more experiences with them in the future . every year for the rest of my life . . . . . . . ♥
manduca sexta diversity . . . . . no idea they were so variable * . * ♥ɛïɜ
found this while i was doing brief but thorough research on my lovely angels . i want to know what i have ( male or female ) as sexing sphinx moths for me at least is not as easy as other moths ( i . e . saturniids ) because their antennae aren ' t easily distinguishable .
i ' ll have to wait until daylight to start getting better pictures / videos . now i
go to bed . i have unfortunately picked up the habit of becoming nocturnal like my lovely heteroceran ( moths for you non ento / lepto geeks ) friends and that ' s no bueno . . . . . . . . . it ' s already 4 : 40am xd
and go far from the star of the show . . . . . . . . .
then just fabulous cloth so i ' ll keep holding onto my dreams . . . . . . .
once again i ' m amazed at mimicry and how utterly convincing it is even to us humans . first of
. bravo on job well done . = ) thirdly according h . l . lewis
i cannot get enough of them . . . . . . nope . never ending treasure . . . . . . . ♥
so i finally got to see this . basically it ' s nothing but a large hallway with the walls covered entirely in high resolution pictures of various species of moths depicting their breathtaking beauty .
felt nothing but utter joy . completely light and happy . best birthday ever . a nice little overview of what this place is like :
to spend the entire day with the things and people you love most . . . . . . . . . . ♥ friends gave me money to go to the museum and epicness ensued . i hadn ' t been there in so long because life is busy ( even more so now ) so to have this
escape
was wonderful .
to make it even more epic allison ( one of the staff ) gave me 2 extra voucher tickets to come back within the month . * . * i owe them everything .
which was at first hiding / resting among the pentas and looking absolutely gorgeous . a little worn but stunning nonetheless .
and had spotted it again 2 other times but was not able to get better pictures / videos of it . i ' ll edit this one and see if i can make it easier to see later .
2 . euploea sp . * first time seeing one . . . . . and it isn ' t one i recognize .
* cross between h . cydno and h . melpomene or h . erato perhaps ?
eyes are amazing . . . . . . observed one sitting on a leaf imbibing water or something . very laid back . allowed me to poke my camera into it ' s lovely face . . . . with those eyes that seem to follow you . ^ ^
i ' ll have to consult mr . jiggins on what this one might be exactly but . . . . . . . ^ ^ ; ; ; ; this is the only angle of it i could get it at . i tried getting it where you could see the upperside but the little sucker was up too high and in such a position / angle that made it impossible to do so .
but i tried my best . i have one more shot of it from at a distance that i think show a part of the upperside but i ' ll have to see . if i ' m lucky enough it might be enough to get at least an idea of what this lovely angel is .
staff had taken this picture for me as i wasn ' t able to do so obviously ^ ^ had landed on my bag . am question the id a bit . the patterns were different from the other
i had observed so idk if they ' re sexually dimorphic in anyway or if this is an aberration or subspecies . . . . . . . . . . or a completely different species .
at first in flight . there were several of these . as i mentioned before museum staff ( allison ) had given me 2 extra tickets to come back within the month ( you know damn well i ' ll be there ) and i next plan to go see the movie they have out . . . . . . . flight of the butterflies . . . . . . . . . . ɛïɜ
more to come ! i had a beautiful day . . . . . . . . . . i thank everyone responsible for making it so . god bless you all !
these are yet another one of my most favorites ever . there are 4 genera with species that are like this
. i believe all of them are in erebidae , lymantriinae . idk if they have common names or not but i ' ve dubbed them all
glittery sparkly satin moths
because that ' s exactly what they are . xd
if i ' m not mistaken there is a moth called
the satin moth
i think . . . . . . not too sure but these definitely need to be called that or something along those lines . abbreviated as gssn for short from here on out .
ɛïɜ # 1 lymantriinae used to be a family all on it ' s own within the arctiidae ( correct me if i ' m wrong in any of this people ! ! not too sure on things here ) and for reasons i ' m not entirely sure of taxonomist decided to make it a sub family of erebidae of who ' s existence & creation i ' m not entirely sure of how it came about . ^ ^ ; ;
ɛïɜ # 2 wikipedia fails to go by correct classification . * sigh * - _ -
appears to be variable ( ? ) most of them have brown edges to their wings and the one in the photo i posted ( which i got off of a tumblr ) clearly does not . the one in the flickr link i posted has lighter edges to her wings . but nothing that looks anything like this except for the green veins .
* * edit : after grabbing the original link ( see above ,
photo credits
) i see it titled
carriola sp . cf . arctornis complex , maybe carriola ecnomoda
it leads to even more questions . . . . . . . . . . wtf is going on here !
another entry is needed for this ! later . . . . . . on with it :
arctornis sp . if you ask me it looks like ( wing shape ) the carriola above . 0 _ 0
arctornis l - nigrum i want to hug it . * . * fuzzy sparkly angels . . . . . . . * . *
stay tuned for part 2 cause there ' s more . xd as always copyright infringement is not , nor ever will be intended .
been on a research binge . i really really adore the lycaenidae . . . . . . . . i have several favorites . . . . . . . genera . . . . . horaga , tajuria , etc . too many . deudorix epijarbus is beautiful . red . . . . . . . . who ' d ever thought . . . . red lycaenids . * . *
ok . . . . . . . i ' m on autopilot now of sorts so apologies if i ' m not making any sense . don ' t feel too great . it ' s snowing and i ' m in my house researching my lovely angels .
deudorix diovis . figs . 10 ♀ , 11 , 12 ♂ . accepted as deudorix diovis hewitson , 1863 .
deudorix dioetas . figs . 13 , 15 ♀ , 14 ♂ . accepted as rapala dioetas ( hewitson , 1863 ) .
deudorix epijarbas . figs . 16 , 18 ♂ , 17 ♀ . accepted as deudorix epijarbas ( moore , 1857 ) .
my full name is brittanie christina mccormack . i ' m 18 yrs old and i have 4 pet hermit crabs . i like to sing and dance and i love to listen to music and some of my favorite artist are : selena , britney spears , nsync , the back street boys , ozone , jennifer pena , ect and i like to watch tv and movies . and i like to go on the internet . i also like to collect stuffed frogs which comes to the name of my blog . the name wapo gipo are the names of 2 of my stuffed frogs in a language that i made up . ( i have over 200 stuffed frogs and they all have names . ) the ' ' yellow and the # 88 mean the following : yellow is one of my favorite colors and the number 88 is one of my favorite numbers , ie my favorite number is 8 so there fore any number that has the # 8 in it is my favorite # . i came into this messed up world march 1st . 1992 . and the name of my second blog
wapogipomimimi
wapo gipo mi mi mi ( for those of who cannot separate the words . ) is something i like to say to drive my mom crazy ! ; )
won gun kim ' s blog 몸은 비록 몰리 있어도 마음은 항상 가까운 곳에 . . .


candidula intersecta is a species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family hygromiidae , the hairy snails and their allies .

this snail can be a pest species in agricultural settings .

candidula intersecta

hans - martin braun added the german common name
gefleckte heideschnecke
to
candidula intersecta ( poiret , 1801 )
.
poiret , j . l . 1801 . coquilles fluviatiles et terrestres observées dans le département de l ' aisne et aux environs de paris . prodrome . - pp . i - xi [ 1 - 11 ] , 1 - 119 . paris . ( barrois , soissons ) .
shell whitish or yellowish with brown bands or spots , colour and patterns very variable , overall impression greyish brown to brown , finely striated , 5 convex whorls , aperture simple without lip , margin slightly reflected near umbilicus , umbilicus open and variably wide . animal yellowish or bluish grey with dark brown pigments , upper tentacles long , lower tentacles very short .
usually at the soil in dry and open habitats , under stones , at low plants , often in dunes . occasionally it climbs trees at the edges of woods . tolerates cultivation , often found in corn stubble . eggs ( diameter 1 mm ) are laid between may and october .
a common species . rare in n portugal , more frequent from aveiro on southwards . considered as probably introduced to britain , there are no medieval fossils , but today widespread in s great britain and s and central ireland , mainly coastal in n great britain . endangered in rheinland - pfalz , vulnerable in niedersachsen .
references : moquin - tandon 1855 : 241 , nobre 1913 : 197 , germain 1930 : 274 , nobre 1941 : 108 , kerney et al . 1983 : 246 , réal & réal - testud 1988 : 50 ( found at some stations in corse ) , prieto & martín 1988 , jungbluth et al . 1989 : 189 , falkner 1990 : 208 , vogt et al . 1994 : 214 , ondina et al . 1997 , kerney 1999 : 179 , welter - schultes 2012 : 532 ( range map ) .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : the species has a large distribution area and the habitat of the species is usually not affected directly by human activity , therefore it is assessed as least concern ( lc ) . this species has also been assessed at the regional level as : eu27 regional assessment : least concern ( lc ) at the level of the 27 member states of the european union . european regional assessment : least concern ( lc ) .
according to animalbase ( 2010 ) , the species lives in portugal , north - western spain , the british isles ( including the isle of man , the hebrides , the orkney islands and the shetlands ) , western france , belgium , western netherlands , east holstein , east denmark and öland .
there is no information on population trends , however , the population trend is thought to be stable .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
the wrinkled dune snail ' s shell can attain a height of 5 - 8 mm and a width of 7 - 13 mm , with 5 to 6 1 / 2 whorls . the shell is off - white to pale yellow in color with brown bands or spots . the color pattern of this species is variable . there is often an irregular white stripe on the body whorl . albino or brown - colored morphs of this species have been reported in europe . the body of the animal is pale yellow or blue - gray in color .
since 2003 , ppq - oregon has conducted detection surveys for exotic mollusk species at high - risk sites throughout oregon . the oregon exotic mollusk survey ( orms ) has surveyed over 80 sites , representing 16 oregon counties ( benton , clackamas , clatsop , columbia , coos , curry , douglas , jackson , klamath , lane , lincoln , marion , multnomah , polk , washington , yamhill counties ) . surveyed sites have included marine ports , rail yards , tile importers and distributors , nurseries , private residential and public lands .
before applying any of the information found on this site , please read our disclaimer . copyright © 2017 , all rights reserved
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with nbn atlas , please upload using the upload tools .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
turgeon , d . d . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , w . k . emerson , w . g . lyons , w . pratt , et al .
turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .
common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
according to animalbase ( 2010 ) , the species lives in portugal , north - western spain , the british isles ( including the isle of man , the hebrides , the orkney islands and the shetlands ) , western france , belgium , western netherlands , east holstein , east denmark and land .
maggie whitson marked
file : illustrated index of british shells plate 23 . jpg
as trusted on the
helicodonta obvoluta ( müller , 1774 )
page .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
provoost , s . ; bonte , d . ( ed . ) ( 2004 ) . animated dunes : a view of biodiversity at the flemish coast [ levende duinen : een overzicht van de biodiversiteit aan de vlaamse kust ] . mededelingen van het instituut voor natuurbehoud , 22 . instituut voor natuurbehoud : brussel , belgium . isbn 90 - 403 - 0205 - 7 . 416 , ill . , appendices pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
barker , g . m . ( 1999 ) . naturalised terrestrial stylommatophora ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . fauna of new zealand 38 : 1 - 254 . [ details ]
spencer , h . g . , marshall , b . a . & willan , r . c . ( 2009 ) . checklist of new zealand living mollusca . pp 196 - 219 . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) new zealand inventory of biodiversity . volume one . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . canterbury university press , christchurch . [ details ]
< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
help pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .
you are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .
< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the ‘basket’ to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > the annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a uniprotkb entry or proteome . this score < strong > cannot < / strong > be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the ‘correct annotation’ for any given protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / annotation _ score ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein . note that the ‘protein existence’ evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence ( s ) displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ existence ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides any useful information about the protein , mostly biological knowledge . < p > < a href = ' / help / function _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water . subunits 1 - 3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex . co i is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme . electrons originating in cytochrome c are transferred via the copper a center of subunit 2 and heme a of subunit 1 to the bimetallic center formed by heme a3 and copper b .
< p > information which has been generated by the uniprotkb automatic annotation system , without manual validation . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000256
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> function < / a > section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme , i . e . the chemical reaction it catalyzes . this information usually correlates with the presence of an ec ( enzyme commission ) number in the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section . < p > < a href = ' / help / catalytic _ activity ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> ' function ' < / a > section describes the metabolic pathway ( s ) associated with a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / pathway ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
this protein is involved in the pathway oxidative phosphorylation , which is part of energy metabolism .
< p > the < a href =
urltoken
> gene ontology ( go ) < / a > project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories : < p > < a href = ' / help / gene _ ontology ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > uniprotkb keywords constitute a < a href =
urltoken
> controlled vocabulary < / a > with a hierarchical structure . keywords summarise the content of a uniprotkb entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest . < p > < a href = ' / help / keywords ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides information about the protein and gene name ( s ) and synonym ( s ) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / names _ and _ taxonomy _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein , from commonly used to obsolete , to allow unambiguous identification of a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ names ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section indicates the name ( s ) of the gene ( s ) that code for the protein sequence ( s ) described in the entry . four distinct tokens exist : ‘name’ , ‘synonyms’ , ‘ordered locus names’ and ‘orf names’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / gene _ name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > information which has been imported from another database using automatic procedures . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000313
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section indicates if the gene coding for the protein originates from the hydrogenosome , the mitochondrion , the nucleomorph , different plastids or a plasmid . the absence of this section means that the gene is located in one of the main chromosomal element ( s ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / encoded _ on ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides information on the name ( s ) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / organism - name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section shows the unique identifier assigned by the ncbi to the source organism of the protein . this is known as the ‘taxonomic identifier’ or ‘taxid’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ identifier ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism . it lists the nodes as they appear top - down in the taxonomic tree , with the more general grouping listed first . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ lineage ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell . < p > < a href = ' / help / subcellular _ location _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> ' subcellular location ' < / a > section describes the extent of a membrane - spanning region of the protein . it denotes the presence of both alpha - helical transmembrane regions and the membrane spanning regions of beta - barrel transmembrane proteins . < p > < a href = ' / help / transmem ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / structure _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain ( s ) present in a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / family _ and _ domains _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> family and domains < / a > section describes the position and type of a domain , which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three - dimensional structure or fold . < p > < a href = ' / help / domain ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > information which has been generated by the uniprotkb automatic annotation system , without manual validation . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000259
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ similarities ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry . it also includes information pertinent to the sequence ( s ) , including < a href =
urltoken
> length < / a > and < a href =
urltoken
> molecular weight < / a > . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequences _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> sequence < / a > section indicates if the < a href =
urltoken
> canonical sequence < / a > displayed by default in the entry is complete or not . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘sequence’ section is used for sequence fragments to indicate that the residue at the extremity of the sequence is not the actual terminal residue in the complete protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / non _ ter ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence ( s ) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds ( 100 % , 90 % and 50 % ) based on their membership in uniprot reference clusters ( < a href =
urltoken
> uniref < / a > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / similar _ proteins _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than uniprotkb . < p > < a href = ' / help / cross _ references _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides general information on the entry . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ information _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section provides a mnemonic identifier for a uniprotkb entry , but it is not a stable identifier . each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into uniprotkb / swiss - prot . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section provides one or more accession number ( s ) . these are stable identifiers and should be used to cite uniprotkb entries . upon integration into uniprotkb , each entry is assigned a unique accession number , which is called ‘primary ( citable ) accession number’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / accession _ numbers ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section shows the date of integration of the entry into uniprotkb , the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ( ‘last modified’ ) . the version number for both the entry and the < a href =
urltoken
> canonical sequence < / a > are also displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ history ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by uniprotkb curators or not , in other words , if the entry belongs to the swiss - prot section of uniprotkb ( < strong > reviewed < / strong > ) or to the computer - annotated trembl section ( < strong > unreviewed < / strong > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =
/ help / sequence - searches
> more . . < / a > < / p >
we ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe’s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en
urltoken
non - migrant : no . all populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations .
locally migrant : no . no populations of this species make local extended movements ( generally less than 200 km ) at particular times of the year ( e . g . , to breeding or wintering grounds , to hibernation sites ) .
locally migrant : no . no populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species .
there is 1 barcode sequence available from bold and genbank . below is the sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species . see the bold taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen . other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available .
the species has a large distribution area and the habitat of the species is usually not affected directly by human activity , therefore it is assessed as least concern ( lc ) .
this species has also been assessed at the regional level as : eu27 regional assessment : least concern ( lc ) at the level of the 27 member states of the european union . european regional assessment : least concern ( lc ) .
utilizing double quotes for exact terms can narrow your search results . ex . a common name search of northwestern sedge matches ' northwestern sedge ' and ' northwestern showy sedge ' . typing
northwestern sedge
return only ' northwestern sedge ' .
© 2012 - 2018 . encyclopedia of puget sound is published by the puget sound institute at the uw tacoma center for urban waters .
the symbols k . a . c . f . m . an . are used to indicate the geographical range of the species . they have been adopted to give an approxomation of the range of each species within new zealand .
north and south island . native to western europe , from the british isles , western and northern france , belgium , and the netherlands , to scattered localities in portugal , germany , denmark , and southern sweden . introduced into australia and new zealand
barker , g . m . 1999 : naturalised terrestrial stylommatophora ( mollusca : gastropoda ) , fauna of new zealand , manaaki whenua press ( p . 73 )
goulstone , j . f . , mayhill , p . c . , parrish , g . r . 1993 : an illustrated guide to the land mollusca of the te paki ecological region , northland , new zealand , new zealand journal of zoology , 34 ( p . 24 )
stelfox , a . w . 1912 : the occurrence of helicella heripensis ( mabille ) in great britain , proceedings of the malacological society of london , 10 ( 1 ) ( p . 39 )
note : localities are approximate , and represent only some of the known localities for the species .