calappa hepatica is a common benthic species of box crab of tropical and subtropical parts of the indian and pacific oceans and the red sea .

calappa hepatica

jennifer hammock split the classifications by obis environmental information from calappa hepatica ( linnaeus , 1758 ) to their own page .
species name : calappa hepatica ( linnaeus , 1758 ) identification key length of carapace rather more than half of its extreme width ; clypeiform expansions with broad teeth . carapace covered with rounded tubercles on the anterior two thirds . synonymy
monod , t . , 1928 . les calappa de la côte occidentale d ' afrique . bulletin de la société des sciences naturelles du maroc , 8 ( 4 - 6 ) : 109 - 127 , 13 figs .
delivering alien invasive species inventories for europe ( daisie ) to barcode of life ( 2 barcodes ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 75 publications ) to biological information system for marine life ( bismal ) ( from synonym cancer hepatica linnaeus , 1758 ) to biological information system for marine life ( bismal ) to encyclopedia of life to genbank ( 1 nucleotides ; 1 proteins ) to marine species identification portal to usnm invertebrate zoology arthropoda collection ( 18 records ) to usnm invertebrate zoology arthropoda collection ( 2 records ) ( from synonym calappa spinosissima h . milne edwards , 1837 ) to itis
( of cancer hepatica linnaeus , 1758 ) linnaeus , c . ( 1758 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata . laurentius salvius : holmiae . ii , 824 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
galil , b . s . , 1997a . crustacea decapoda : a revision of the indo - pacific species of the genus calappa weber , 1795 ( calappidae ) . in : a . crosnier ( ed . ) , résultats des campagnes musorstom , volume 19 . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , paris , 176 : 271 - 335 , figs 1 - 35 .
guinot , d . ( 1967 ) . la faune carcinologique ( crustacea brachyura ) de l ' ocean indien occidental et de la mer rouge . catalogue , remarques bibliographiques et biobliographie . bull . inst . fondamental d ' afrique noire ( ifan ) . 237 - 252 . [ details ]
zenetos , a . , m . e . çinar , m . a . pancucci - papadopoulou , j . g . harmelin , g . furnari , f . andaloro , n . bellou , n . streftaris & h . zibrowius . ( 2005 ) . annotated list of marine alien species in the mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species . mediterranean marine science 6 ( 2 ) : 63 - 118 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
zenetos , a . ; gofas , s . ; verlaque , m . ; cinar , m . ; garcia raso , j . ; bianchi , c . ; morri , c . ; azzurro , e . ; bilecenoglu , m . ; froglia , c . ; siokou , i . ; violanti , d . ; sfriso , a . ; san martin , g . ; giangrande , a . ; katagan , t . ; ballesteros , e . ; ramos - espla , a . ; mastrototaro , f . ; ocana , o . ; zingone , a . ; gambi , m . ; streftaris , n . ( 2010 ) . alien species in the mediterranean sea by 2010 . a contribution to the application of european union’s marine strategy framework directive ( msfd ) . part i . spatial distribution . mediterranean marine science . 11 ( 2 ) : 381 - 493 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
katsanevakis , s . ; bogucarskis , k . ; gatto , f . ; vandekerkhove , j . ; deriu , i . ; cardoso a . s . ( 2012 ) . building the european alien species information network ( easin ) : a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data . bioinvasions records . 1 : 235 - 245 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
ni ih . & qian py . ( 1999 ) . study on the suitability of shelter island area to be established as marine park or marine reserve . final report . submitted to the agriculture , fisheries & conservation department , the hong kong sar government . [ details ]
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ng , p . k . l . , eldredge , l . g . & evenhuis , n . l . 2011 ,
the names of decapod and stomatopod crustacea from tahiti , french polynesia , established by anthony curtis in 1938 and 1944
, zootaxa , vol . 3099 , pp . 43 - 56
eydoux , f . & souleyet , l . f . a . 1842 ,
crustacés
, ed . eydoux , f . ( ed . ) , voyage autour du monde exécuté pendant les années 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette ' la bonite ' , commandée par m . vaillant . zoologie , vol . 1 , no . 2 , pp . 219 - 272 , bertrand , paris
milne edwards , h . 1837 , vol . 2 , pp . 532 pp . , atlas 32 pp . , 42 pls , libraire encyclopedique de roret , paris
curtiss , a . 1938 , pp . i - xvi , 193 pp . , self - published , new york
linnaeus , c . 1758 ,
cancer
, ed . linnaeus , c . , systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundem classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentis , synonymis , locis . tom . 1 editio decima , reformata , pp . pp . 625 - 634 , laurentii salvii , holmiae
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 930e799b - 68f6 - 4d02 - 977d - 936ead5c20d8
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a21dc265 - 0d09 - 4452 - 8594 - 5b005d75d51a
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a64606ed - 670a - 4c2f - 9401 - e433fc7d883a
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : bbb3f1f0 - 8fc8 - 4c02 - b5c3 - e3fdff0b2f5a
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 309188
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one specimen
taken at hulule , male atoll and in minikoi lagoon down to 5 fathoms .
( borradaile , 1903 )
: interesting ! looking at the close - up now . how can you tell ?
this must be a male crab , since the the central plate is slender and narrow . in addition , it has been tapering towards the mouth area ! !
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simple , without subdistal accessory teeth at their outer side , median emargination shallow . the longitudinal septum of the prolongated portion of the
) ; tuamotu archipelago - takaroa , s . marutea , gambier island , and mururoa (
: 275 ( key ) , 296 , figs 10e - f , 13e - f , 14 , 31 . - -
alcock , a . & a . r . s . anderson , 1894b . natural history notes from h . m . indian marine survey steamer investigator . ser . ii , no . 17 . list of the shore and shallow - water brachyura collected during the season 1893 - 1894 . journal of the asiatic society of bengal , 63 , part 2 ( 4 ) : 197 - 209 .
alcock , a . w . , 1896 . materials for a carcinological fauna of india . no . 2 . the brachyura oxystomata . journal of the asiatic society of bengal , 65 , part2 ( 2 ) : 134 - 296 , pls 6 - 8 .
andré , m . , 1931 . crustacés décapodes provenant de l ' institut océanographique de nha - trang ( annam ) . 1 . brachyura . bulletin du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , paris , ( 2 ) 3 ( 7 ) : 638 - 650 .
balss , h . , 1915 . die decapoden des roten meeres . ii . anomuren , dromiaceen und oxystomen . in : expeditionen s . m . schiff pola in das rote meer . nördliche und südliche hälfte 1895 / 96 - 1897 / 98 . zoologische ergebnisse . vol . xxxi . denkschriften der kaiserlichen akademie der wissenschaften zu wien , mathematisch - naturwissenschaftliche klasse , 92 ( 10 ) : 1 - 20 , figs 1 - 9 .
balss , h . , 1922b . ostasiatische decapoden iii . die dromiaceen , oxystomen und parthenopiden . archiv für naturgeschichte , 88a ( 3 ) : 104 - 140 , figs 1 - 9 . ( in german )
balss , h . , 1938a . die dekapoda brachyura von dr . sixten bock ' s pazifik expedition 1917 - 1918 . göteborges kungliga vetenskaps - och vitterhets - samhälles handlingar , ser . b , 5 ( 7 ) : 1 - 85 , figs 1 - 18 , pls 1 - 2 .
barnard , k . h . , 1950 . descriptive catalogue of south african decapod crustacea ( crabs and shrimps ) . annals of the south african museum , 38 : 1 - 837 , figs 1 - 154 .
boone , l . , 1934 . crustacea : stomatopoda and brachyura . scientific results of the world cruise of the yacht alva , 1931 , william k . vanderbilt , commanding . bulletin of the vanderbilt marine museum , 5 : 1 - 210 , pls 1 - 109 .
boone , l . , 1938 . marine algae , coelenterata , annelida , echinodermata , crustacea , mollusca . scientific results of the world cruise of the yachts ara 1928 - 1929 , and alva 1931 - 1932 , alva mediterranean cruise 1933 , and alva south american cruise 1935 , william k . vanderbilt , commanding . bulletin of the vanderbilt marine museum , 7 ( 5 ) , 372 pp , 152 pls . ( 197 - 281 pp , pls 72 - 109 for systematic discussion crustacea ) .
borradaile , l . a . , 1903a . marine crustaceans . iv . some remarks on the classification of the crabs . v . the crabs of the catometope families . vi . the sand crabs ( oxystomata ) . vii . the barnacles . in : j . s . gardiner ( ed . ) , the fauna and geography of the maldive and laccadive archipelagoes , being the account of the work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900 , 1 ( 4 ) : 424 - 443 , pls 22 . ( 1 ( 4 ) : 424 - 429 , fig . 110 ; 1 ( 4 ) : 429 - 433 , figs 111 - 114 ; 1 ( 4 ) : 434 - 439 , figs 115 - 117 , pl . 22 . ) [ 1903 / i ]
bosc , l . a . g . , 1802 . histoire naturelle des crustacés , contenant leur description et leurs moeurs , avec figures dessinées d ' après nature , 2 : 1 - 296 , pls 9 - 18 . paris .
bosc , l . a . g . , 1828 - 1830 . manuel de l ' histoire naturelle des crustacés , contenant leur description et leurs moeurs ; avec figures dessinées d ' après nature . edition mise au niveau des connaissances actuelles par a . g . desmarest , 1 : 1 - 328 , pls 1 - 9 ; 2 : 1 - 306 , 13 pls . paris .
bouvier , e . l . , 1915b . décapodes marcheurs ( reptantia ) et stomatopodes recueillis à l ' île maurice par m . paul carié . bulletin scientifique de la france et de la belgique , sér . 7 , 48 ( 3 ) : 178 - 318 ( 1 - 141 ) , figs 1 - 42 , pls 4 - 7 . [ 1915 / v ]
brito - capello , f . de , 1871a . algunas especies novas ou pouco conhecidas de crustaceos pertencentes aos generos callappa e telphusa . jornal de sciências mathematicas , physicas , e naturaes , publicado sob ob auspicos da academia real das sciências de lisboa , 3 : 128 - 134 , pl . 2 , figs 1 - 42 .
brocchi , m . , 1875 . recherches sur les organes génitaux mâles des crustacés décapodes . annales des sciences naturelles , zoologie , paris , ( 6 ) 2 : 1 - 131 , pls 13 - 19 .
buitendijk , a . m . , 1939 . biological results of the snellius expedition . v . the dromiacea , oxystomata and oxyrhyncha of the snellius expedition . temminckia , 4 : 223 - 276 , figs 1 - 27 , pls 7 - 11 .
calman , w . t . , 1900 . on a collection of brachyura from torres straits . transactions of the linnean society of london , ( zool . ) , ( 2 ) 8 ( 1 ) : 1 - 50 , pls 1 - 3 . [ 1900 / ix ]
cano , g . , 1889 . crostacei brachiuri ed anomuri raccolti nel viaggio della r . corvetta vettor pisani attorno al globo . bollettino della societá di naturalisti in napoli , ( 1 ) 3 : 79 - 105 , 169 - 269 , pl . 7 .
chang , c . m . , 1963 . a check list of taiwan crabs with descriptions of 19 new records . tunghai journal , taichung , 5 ( 2 ) : 95 - 118 , figs 1 - 10 , pls 1 - 2 .
chen , h . , 1975 . studies on the crabs of xisha islands , guandong provence , china . i . studia marina sinica , 10 : 157 - 179 , figs 1 - 12 , pls 1 - 3 . ( in chinese with english summary . )
chen , h . , 1993b . the calappidae ( crustacea : brachyura ) of chinese waters . in : b . morton ( ed . ) , the marine biology of the south china sea . proceedings of the first international conference on the marine biology of hong kong and the south chine sea : 675 - 704 .
chopra , b . n . & k . n . das , 1937 . further notes on crustacea decapoda in the indian museum . ix . on three collections of crabs from tavoy and mergui archipelago . record of the indian museum , calcutta , 39 ( 4 ) : 377 - 434 , figs 1 - 21 , pl . 6 .
curtiss , a . , 1938 . a short zoology of tahiti . in : the society islands , guide printing company , new york : xvi + 193 pp .
dai , a . & s . yang , 1991 . crabs of the china seas , i - iv , 1 - 608 , figs 1 - 295 , pls 1 - 74 . china ocean press , beijing and springer - verlag , berlin heidelberg new york tokyo , english edition . ( translation from chinese original 1986 . )
dai , a . , s . yang , y . song & g . chen , 1986 . crabs of chinese seas , i - iv , 1 - 642 , figs 1 - 295 , pls 1 - 74 . ocean press , beijing . ( in chinese . )
dana , j . d . , 1852c . crustacea . united states exploring expedition during the years 1838 , 1839 , 1840 , 1841 , 1842 , under the command of charles wilkes , u . s . n . , 13 ( pt . 1 ) : i - viii , 1 - 685 , pl . 8 .
dawydoff , m . c . , 1952 . contribution à l ' étude des invertébrés de la faune marine benthique de l ' indochine . bulletin biologique de la france et de la belgique , supplément , 37 : 1 - 158 .
de haan , w . , 1833 - 1849 . crustacea . in : ph . f . von siebold , fauna japonica sive descriptio animalium , quae in itinere per japoniam , jussu et auspiciis superiorum , qui summum in india batava imperium tenent , suscepto , annis 1823 - 1830 collegit , notis , observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit : ix - xvi , i - xxi , vii - xvii , 1 - 243 , pls a - j , l - q , 1 - 55 , circ . tab . 2 . ( for dates see sherborn & jentink , 1895 and holthuis , 1953 . )
de man , j . g . , 1880c . on some podophthalmous crustacea , presented to the leyden museum by mr . j . a . kruyt , collected in the red sea near the city of djeddah . notes from the leyden museum , 2 ( 21 ) : 171 - 185 . [ 1880 / vii ]
de man , j . g . , 1888d . bericht über die von herrn . dr . j . brock im indischen archipel gesammelten decapoden und stomatopoden . archiv für naturgeschichte , berlin , 53 ( pt . 1 ) : 289 - 600 , pls 11 - 22a .
de man , j . g . , 1896b . bericht über die von herrn schiffscapitän storm zu atjeh , an den westlichen küsten von malakka , borneo und celebes sowie in der java - see gegammelten decapoden und stomatopoden . theil iii . zoologische jahrbücher , abtheilung für systematik , geographie und biologie der thiere , 9 : 339 - 386 , figs 40 - 49 . [ 1896 / iv ]
de man , j . g . , 1902a . die von herrn professor kükenthal im indischen archipel gesammelten dekapoden und stomatopoden . in : w . kükenthal , ergebnisse einer zoologischen forschungsreise in den molukken und borneo , in aufträge der senckenberg . naturforsch . gesellschaft ausgeführt von dr . willy kükenthal . abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft , 25 ( 3 ) : 465 - 929 , pls 19 - 27 .
desmarest , a . g . , 1825 . considérations générales sur la classe des crustacés et description des espèces de ces animaux , qui vivent dans la mer , sur les côtes , ou dans les eaux douces de la france : i - xix , 1 - 446 , pls 1 - 56 , tabls 1 - 5 . f . g . levrault , paris & strasbourg , france .
edmondson , c . h . , 1923 . crustacea from palmyra and fanning islands . bulletin of the bernice p . bishop museum , honolulu , 5 : 1 - 43 , figs 1 - 3 , pls 1 - 2 .
estampador , e . p . , 1937 . a check list of philippine crustacean decapods . philippine journal of science , 62 ( 4 ) : 465 - 559 .
eydoux , f . & l . f . a . souleyet , 1842 . crustacés . in : voyage autour du monde exécuté pendant les années 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette la bonite , commandée par m . vaillant , capitaine de vaissear , zoologie , 1 ( 2 ) : 219 - 250 ; atlas , pls 1 - 3 . ( for dates of publication see sherborn & woodward , annals and magazine of natural history , ( 7 ) 7 ( 1901 ) : 391 . )
fabricius , j . c . , 1793 . entomologia systematica emendata et acuta . secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , adjectis synonymis , locis , observationibus , descriptionibus , 2 : i - viii , 1 - 519 , pls 1 - 8 . hafniae .
fabricius , j . c . , 1798 . supplementatum entomologiae systematicae , pp . 1 - 572 . hafniae , proft & storch .
filhol , h . , 1886 . catalogue des crustacés de la nouvelle - zélande , des îles auckland et campbell . in : recueil de mémoires , rapports et documents relatifs à l ' observation du passage de venus sur le soleil . mission de l ' île campbell . passage de vénus . mission de l ' ile campbell . rec . vénus ( zool . ) , 3 ( 2 ) : 349 - 510 ; 3 ( 4 ) , atlas , pls 38 - 55 .
forest , j . & d . guinot , 1961 . crustacés décapodes brachyoures de tahiti et des tuamotu . in : expédition française sur les récifs coralliens de la nouvelle calédonie . vol . préliminaire : i - xi , 1 - 195 , figs 1 - 178 , pls 1 - 18 , 7 maps , tabls 1 - 3 . éditions de la fondation singer - polignac .
garth , j . s . , 1965 . the brachyuran decapod crustaceans of clipperton island . proceedings of the california academy of sciences , 33 ( 1 ) : 1 - 46 , 26 figs .
gibbes , l . r . , 1850 . on the carcinological collections of the cabinets of natural history in the united states with an enumeration of the species contained therein , and descriptions of new species . proceedings of the third meeting of the american association for advancement of science , 3 : 167 - 201 .
gordon , i . , 1934 . crustacea brachyura . in : résultats scientifique du voyage aux indes orientales néerlandaises de ll . aa . rr . de prince et la princesse léopold de belgique . mémoires du musée royal d ' histoire naturelle de belgique , hors - série , 3 ( 15 ) : 1 - 78 , figs 1 - 37 .
grant , f . e . & a . r . mcculloch , 1906 . on a collection of crustacea from the port curtis district , queensland . proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , 31 ( 1 ) : 1 - 53 , figs 1 - 3 , pls 1 - 4 .
gravely , f . j . , 1927 . decapoda ( excl . paguridea ) and stomatopoda . in : the littoral fauna of the krusadai island in the gulf of manaar with appendices on the vertebrates and plants . bulletin of the madras government museum , 1 ( 1 ) : 135 - 155 , figs 1 - 2 , pls 19 - 26 .
gravier , c . , 1920a . sur une collection de crustacés recueillis à madagascar par le lieutenant décary . bulletin du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , paris , 26 ( 5 ) : 376 - 383 .
guérin - méneville , f . e . , 1829 - 1844 . crustacés . iconographie du règne animal de g . cuvier , ou représentation d ' après nature de l ' une des espèces les plus remarquables , et souvent non encore figurées , de chaque genre d ' animaux , avec un texte descriptif mis au courant de la science . ouvrage pouvant servir d ' atlas à tous les traités de zoologie ( crustacés ) : 1 - 48 , pls 1 - 35 . paris et londres . ( text ( 7 september 1844 ) , plate 1 ( 21 march 1829 ) , 2 ( 18 july 1829 ) , 3 ( 1831 ? - 1832 ) , 4 ( 1831 ? - 1837 ) , 5 ( 2 june 1832 ) , 6 ( 1831 ? - 1833 ) , 7 ( 1831 ? - 1834 ) , 8 ( 1831 ? - 1832 ) , 8bis , 9 ( 1831 ? - 1833 ) , 10 ( 2 june 1832 ) , 11 ( 1831 ? - 1833 ) , 12 ( 14 july 1832 ) , 13 ( 1831 ? - 1833 ) , 14 ( 14 july 1832 ) , 15 ( 1831 ? - 1835 ) , 16 ( 1831 ? - 1833 ) , 17 , 18 ( april 1836 ) , 19 ( 1831 ? - 1837 ) , 20 , 21 ( 1836 - 1837 ) , 22 - 24 ( 1831 ? - 1837 ) , 25 ( april 1836 ) , 26 , 27 ( 1836 ) , 28 - 31 ( 1836 - 1837 ) , 32 - 34 ( 1837 ) , 35 ( december 1837 ) . )
guinot , d . , 1967a . la faune carcinologique ( crustacea brachyura ) de l ' océan indien occidental et de la mer rouge : catalogue , remarques biogéographiques et bibliographiques . in : réunion de spécialistes c . s . a . sur les crustacés , zanzibar 1964 . mémoires de l ' institut fondamental d ' afrique noire , 77 ( 1966 ) : 235 - 352 , pls 1 - 26 , 1 table .
haswell , w . a . , 1882c . catalogue of the australian stalk - and sessile - eyed crustacea . the australian museum , sydney : i - xxiv , 1 - 324 + 2 p . addenda , figs 1 - 8 , pls 1 - 4 .
heller , c . , 1861a . synopsis der im rothen meer vorkommenden crustaceen . verhandlungen der zoologisch - botanischen gesellschaft in wien , 11 : 3 - 32 .
heller , c . , 1861b . beiträge zur crustaceen - fauna des roten meeres . part 1 . sitzungsberichte der akademie der wissenschaften zu wien , mathematisch - naturwissenschaftliche klasse , 43 ( 1 ) : 297 - 374 , pls 1 - 4 .
heller , c . , 1865 . die crustaceen . 1 . in : reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 - 1859 under den befehlen des commodors b . von wüllerstorf - urbair , zoologischer theil , 2 ( pt . 3 ) : 1 - 280 , pls 1 - 25 . wien .
henderson , j . r . , 1893 . a contribution to indian carcinology . the transactions of the linnean society of london , ( series 2 , zoology ) 5 ( 1 ) : 325 - 458 , pls 36 - 40 .
herbst , j . f . w . , 1785 . versuch einer naturgeschichte der krabben und krebse nebst einer systematischen beschreibung ihrer verschiedenen arten , 1 ( 6 ) : 183 - 206 , pls 10 - 13 .
herklots , j . a . , 1851 . additamenta ad faunam carcinologicam africae occidentalis , sive descriptiones specierum novarum e crustaceorum ordine , quas in guinea collegit vir strenuus h . s . pel , praefectus residentiis in littore guineae . 28 pages , 2 pls , lugduni - batavorum ( leiden ) .
herklots , j . a . , 1861 . catalogue des crustacés , qui ont servi de base au système carcinologique de m . w . de haan , rédigé d ' après les collections du musée des pays - bas et les crustacés de la faune du japon . tijdschrift voor entomologie , 4 : 116 - 156 . ( also published as a separate , in 1861 , under title : symbolae carcinologicae . études sur la classe des crustacés , pages 1 - 43 . leiden . )
hess , w . , 1865 . beiträge zur kenntnis der decapoden - krebse ost - australiens . archiv für naturgeschichte , 31 ( 1 ) : 127 - 173 , pls 6 - 7 .
hilgendorf , f . , 1869 . crustaceen . in : baron carl claus von der decken , reisen in ost - afrika in den jahren 1859 - 1865 , 3 ( 1 ) : 67 - 116 , 147 , pls 1 - 6 . heidelberg , leipzig .
hilgendorf , f . , 1879 . die von herrn w . peters in moçambique gesammelten crustaceen . monatsbericht der königlich preussischen akademie der wissenschaften zu berlin , 1878 : 782 - 851 , pls 1 - 4 .
hoffmann , c . k . , 1874 . crustacés et echinodermes de madagascar et de l ' île de la réunion . in : pollen , f . p . l . et d . c . van dam , recherches sur la faune de madagascar et de ses dépendances d ' après les découvertes de françois , 5 ( 2 ) : 1 - 58 , pls 1 - 10 .
holthuis , l . b . , 1953 . enumeration of the decapod and stomatopod crustacea from pacific coral islands . atoll research bulletin , 24 : 1 - 66 , 2 maps . mimeogr .
holthuis , l . b . , 1958 . crustacea decapoda from the northern red sea ( gulf of aqaba and sinai peninsula ) . ii . hippidea and brachyura ( dromiacea , oxystomata , and grapsoidea ) . contribution to the knowledge of the red sea . bulletin sea fisheries research station , israel , 17 ( 9 ) : 41 - 54 , 4 figs .
ihle , j . e . w . , 1918 . die decapoda brachyura der siboga - expedition . iii . oxystomata : calappidae , leucosiidae , raninidae . siboga expeditie monografie , 39 ( b2 ) : 159 - 322 , figs 78 - 148 ( 71 pls ) .
jeng , m . - s , 1997 . studies on the land and aquatic decapod crustacean fauna of the kenting national park ( ii ) communities of decapod crustaceans around the sea . ii + 66 pp . ministry of the interior , taipei . ( in chinese with english abstract )
jeng , m . - s , 1998 . the prawns and crabs of kenting national park . 133 pp . kenting national park hand guides no . 14 . ( in chinese )
kamita , t . , 1941b . studies of the decapod crustaceans of chosen . pt . i . crabs . the fisheries society of chosen , keijo , 1 - 289 , figs 1 - 147 , 2 pls , 1 map .
kim , h . s . & c . y . chang , 1985 . the brachyuran crabs of cheju island , korea ( crustacea : decapoda ) . the korean journal of systematic zoology , 1 ( 1 - 2 ) : 41 - 60 , figs 1 - 4 .
kim , h . s . , 1970 . a checklist of the anomura and brachyura ( crustacea , decapoda ) of korea . seoul university journal , biology and agriculture ( series b ) , 21 : 1 - 34 , fig . 1 , pls 1 - 5 .
kim , h . s . , 1973 . a catalogue of anomura and brachyura from korea . in : illustrated encyclopedia of fauna and flora of korea , samhwa publishing company , 14 : 1 - 694 , figs 1 - 265 , pls 1 - 112 , tabls 1 - 2 , 1 map . seoul . ( in korean with english summary )
klunzinger , c . b . , 1906a . die spitz - und spitzmundkrabben ( oxyrhyncha und oxystomata ) des roten meeres , stuttgart : i - vii , 1 - 91 , figs 1 - 13 , pls 1 - 2 .
kossmann , r . , 1877 . zoologische ergebnisse einer reise in die küstengebiete des rothen meeres . malacostraca . 1 . theil : brachyura . leipzig , w . engelmann : 1 - 66 , pls 1 - 3 .
krauss , c . f . f . , 1843 . die südafrikanischen crustaceen . eine zusammenstellung aller bekannten malacostraca , bemerkungen über deren lebensweise und geographische verbreitung , nebst beschreibung und abbildung mehrerer neuen arten . stuttgart : 1 - 68 , pls 1 - 4 .
latreille , p . a . , 1803a . histoire naturelle , générale et particulière , des crustacés et des insectes . volume 5 : 1 - 406 , pls 38 - 43 . paris .
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latreille , p . a . , 1829 . les crustacés , les arachnides et le insectes , distribués en familles naturelles . in : g . cuvier , le règne animal distribué d ' après son organisation , pour servir de base à l ' histoire naturelle des animaux et d ' introduction à l ' anatomie comparée , edition 2 , 4 : xxvii , 1 - 584 . ( deterville , paris ) .
laurie , r . d . , 1915 . reports on the marine biology of the sudanese red sea , from collections made by cyril crossland , m . z . , b . sc . , f . z . s . , xxi . on the brachyura . the journal of the linnean society , london ( zoology ) , 31 ( 209 ) : 407 - 475 , figs 1 - 5 , pls 42 - 45 .
lenz , h . & f . richters , 1881 . beitrag zur crustaceenfauna von madagascar . abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft , 12 : 421 - 428 , figs 20 - 27 .
lenz , h . , 1905 . ostafrikanische dekapoden und stomatopoden , gesammelt von herrn prof . dr . a . voeltzkow . in : a . voeltzkow , wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der reisen in madagaskar und ostafrika in den jahren 1889 - 1895 . vol . 3 . abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft , 27 ( 4 ) : 341 - 392 , pls 47 - 48 .
lin , c . c . , 1949 . a catalogue of brachyurous crustacea of taiwan . quarterly journal of the taiwan museum , 2 ( 1 ) : 10 - 33 .
linnaeus , c . , 1758 . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . ( ed . 10 ) , 1 ( 2 ) : i - iii , 1 - 823 ( animalia ) ( 625 - 634 for cancer ) , 825 - 1384 ( vegitabilia ) holmiae .
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michel , c . , 1964 . checklist of the crustacea brachyura ( crabs ) recorded from mauritius . mauritius institute bulletin , 6 ( 1 ) : 1 - 48 .
miers , e . j . , 1876b . catalogue of the stalk - and sessile - eyed crustacea of new zealand , i - xii , 1 - 136 , pls 1 - 3 . colonial museum & geological survey department , london .
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miers , e . j . , 1879a . crustacea . the collections from rodriguez . in : an account of the petrological , botanical , and zoological collections made in kerguelen ' s land and rodriguez during the transit of venus expeditions , carried out by order of her majesty ' s government in the years 1874 - 1875 . philosophical transactions of the royal society of london , 168 : 458 - 496 .
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miers , e . j . , 1884b . crustacea ( brachyura ) . in : report on the zoological collections made in the indo - pacific ocean during the voyage of h . m . s . alert 1881 - 1882 . part i . the collections from melanesia . part ii . the collections from the western indian ocean . british museum ( natural history ) , london , 8 ( 2 ) : 513 - 575 , pls 46 - 52 .
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nauck , e . , 1880 . das kaugerüst der brachyuren ( mit beschreibung neuer gattungen und arten , z . t . von c . semper ) . zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche zoologie , leipzig , 34 ( 1 ) : 1 - 69 , 2 figs , pl . 1 .
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nobili , m . g . , 1900 . decapodi e stomatopodi indo - malesi . annali del museo civico di storia naturale di genova , ( 2 ) 20 ( = volume 40 ) : 473 - 523 ( pages 1 - 51 on separate ) , figs 1 - 4 .
nobili , m . g . , 1906b . faune carcinologique de la mer rouge . décapodes et stomatopodes . annales des sciences naturelles , zoologie , ( 9 ) 4 ( 1 - 3 ) : 1 - 347 , figs 1 - 12 , pls 1 - 11 .
nomura , k . , n . kamezaki , t . hamano & h . misaki , 1988 . the guidebook of marine animals and plants of okinawa . vol . 7 ( crustacea , brachyura ) , southern press , okinawa : 1 - 250 . ( in japanese )
ortmann , a . e . , 1892 . die decapoden - krebse des strassburger museums , mit besonderer berücksichtigung der von herrn dr . döderlein bei japan und bei den liu - kiu - inseln gesammelten und z . z . im strassburger museum aufbewahrten formen . theil v . die abtheilungen hippidea , dromiidea und oxystomata . zoologischer jahresbericht ( syst . ) , 6 : 532 - 588 , pl . 26 .
parisi , b . , 1914 . i decapodi giapponesi del museo di milano . i . oxystomata . atti della societa italiana di scienze naturali e del museo civico di storia naturale , milano , 53 : 280 - 312 ( pages 5 - 35 on separate ) , figs 1 - 5 , pls 11 - 13 .
paulson , o . m . , 1875 . izledovaniya rakoobraznykh krasnago morya s zametkami otnositel ' no rakoobraznykh drugikh morei . tchasst i . podophthalmata i edriophthalmata ( cumacea ) . ( studies on crustacea of the red sea with notes regarding other seas , part i ) . kiev kul ' zhenko , i - xiv , 1 - 144 , pls 1 - 21 . ( in russian )
pesta , o . , 1911 . crustacea . i . tail . decapoda brachyura aus samoa ( unter berücksichtigung der sammlungen des k . k . naturhistorischen hofmuseums in wien ) . in : k . rechinger , botanische und zoologische ergebnisse einer wissenschaftlichen forschungsreise nach den samoa - inseln , dem neuguinea - archipel und den salomoninseln märz bis dezember 1905 . iv . denkschriften der kaiserlichen akademie der wissenschaften , wien , mathematisch - naturwissenschaftliche klasse , 88 : 36 - 65 , figs 1 - 5 , pl . 3 .
rathbun , m . j . , 1906 . the brachyura and macrura of the hawaiian islands . bulletin of the united states fish commission , 23 ( 3 ) : i - viii , 827 - 930 , figs 1 - 79 , pls 1 - 24 .
rathbun , m . j . , 1911 . marine brachyura . in : the percy sladen trust expedition to the indian ocean in 1905 , under the leadership of mr j . stanley gardiner . vol . iii , part ii , no . xi . transactions of the linnean society of london , ( zool . ) , ( 2 ) 14 ( 2 ) : 191 - 261 , figs 1 - 2 , pls 15 - 20 .
richters , f . , 1880 . decapoda . in : k . möbius , beiträge zur meeresfauna der insel mauritius und der seychellen , bearbeitet von k . möbius , f . richters und e . von martens nach sammlungen , angelegt auf einer reise nach mauritius von k . möbius , berlin : 139 - 178 , pls 15 - 18 .
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sakai , k . , 1999 . j . f . w . herbst - collection of decapod crustacea of the berlin zoologica museum , with remarks on certain species . naturalists , publications of tokushima biological laboratory , shikoku university , 6 : 1 - 45 , pls 1 - 21 .
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sakai , t . , 1936b . crabs of japan : 66 plates in life colours with descriptions . sanseido , tokyo ( 1935 ) : 1 - 239 , figs 1 - 122 , 27 pages of bibliography & index , frontispiece ( in colour ) , pls 1 - 66 ( colour ) . ( in japanese )
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seringat - kias , apr 12 photo shared by loh kok sheng on flickr .
ng , peter k . l . and daniele guinot and peter j . f . davie , 2008 . systema brachyurorum : part 1 . an annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world . the raffles bulletin of zoology . supplement no . 17 , 31 jan 2008 . 286 pp .
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habitat hard beaches , coral reefs ; 10 - 50 meters deep . distribution hard beaches , coral reefs ; 10 - 50 meters deep japan . this species occurs throughout the indo - pacific region .
description in the anterior two - thirds of the carapace surface is tuberculate and granular , the posterior third is marked with squamiform tubercles and beaded ridges . the antero - lateral borders are coarsely dentate or serrate . clypeiform expansions greatly developed , their breadth being equal to their length ; their anterior border shows the points of four teeth . posterior border of the carapace beaded , unarmed . outer parts of the pterygostomain regions densely hairy . front emarginate , not projecting beyond the level of the orbits . transverse wing like expansion of the distal end of the arm with its edge four lobed . outer surface of palm and upper surface of wrist numerous sharp tubercles . anterior end of arm with some sharp granules , crest of palm crenulate , not sharply dentate .
remarks in the very young , the extreme length of the carapace is not much less than three fourths of the extreme breadth .
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mclaughlin et al . 2005 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : crustaceans . american fisheries society special publication 31
common in sand any depth . feeds upon gastropods . attains carapace width of 3 inches . hawaii & the indo - pacific .
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japanese crustacean decapods and stomatopods in color , vol . ii . brachyura ( crabs ) .
systema brachyurorum : part i . an annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world .
in : nishimura , s . ( ed . ) , guide to seashore animals of japan with color pictures and keys , vol . ii . hoikusha , osaka , 379 - 418 ( in japanese ) .
occurrence record in darwincore format ( elements of obis schema and some of dwc1 . 4 )


bursatella leachii , common name the ragged sea hare or shaggy sea hare , is a species of large sea slug or sea hare , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family aplysiidae , the sea hares .

bursatella leachii

bursatella leachii - ap biology exam from : stacy b . , september 26 , 2001
behavior patterns of the aplysiid gastropod bursatella leachii in its natural habitat and in the laboratory .
bursatella leachii from turkey from : m . kazak & l . cavas , november 24 , 2007
behavior patterns of the aplysiid gastropod bursatella leachii in its natural habitat and in the laboratory . - pubmed - ncbi
the following reference provides an interesting account of the larval biology of bursatella leachii plei , a subspecies from the west atlantic . it also has an extensive bibliography on bursatella research .
distinguishing characteristics eales and engel ( 1935 ) reviewed the genus bursatella and considered that there was a single species world - wide , b . leachii , which for convenience they divided into several geographical subspecies . here we do not recognize this sub - division and treat the mediterranean subspecies b . leachii leachii and b . leachii savignyana as synonyms .
upper : b . leachii leachii - coffs harbour region , northern new south wales , australia . december 1990 . photo : bill rudman . lower : b . leachii plei - santa marta bay , colombia , carribean . photo : phanor montoya
dear phanor , your animal is not a sacoglossan . it is bursatella leachii which is a sea hare . some scientists have split this worldwide species into geographic subspecies . if we follow that proposal then your caribbean animal is bursatella leachii plei . bursatella feeds on blue - green algae and the filamentous algal film found on sand , mud and hard surfaces .
( of bursatella leachii lacinulata gould , 1852 ) rudman , w . b . ( 2007 ) . comment on bursatella leachii subspecies by augusto medeiros . [ message in ] sea slug forum . [ message in ] sea slug forum . australian museum , sydney . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of bursatella leachii africana ( engel , 1926 ) ) rudman , w . b . ( 2007 ) . comment on bursatella leachii subspecies by augusto medeiros . [ message in ] sea slug forum . [ message in ] sea slug forum . australian museum , sydney . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of bursatella leachii rosea ( engel , 1926 ) ) rudman , w . b . ( 2007 ) . comment on bursatella leachii subspecies by augusto medeiros . [ message in ] sea slug forum . [ message in ] sea slug forum . australian museum , sydney . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of bursatella leachii lacinulata gould , 1852 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
( of bursatella leachii africana ( engel , 1926 ) ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
( of bursatella leachii rosea ( engel , 1926 ) ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
search for ' bursatella leachii ' returned 8 matching records . click on one of the taxon names listed below to check the details . [ new search ] [ direct link ]
good morning , i´m working on bursatella leachii and , as you said , some authors have divided the world population of it into geographic subspecies . i´d like to know if there are papers that make the comparison between them and if you could tell me the name of all known b . leachii subspecies .
thanks for these photos of bursatella leachii from the caribbean . as i have mentioned before , it seems that caribbean animals lack the blue or greeen ' eyespots ' so characteristic of the species elsewhere in the world .
reference : • paige , ja . ( 1988 ) . biology , metamorphosis and postlarval development of bursatella leachii plei rang ( gastropoda : opisthobranchia ) . bulletin of marine science , 42 ( 1 ) : 65 - 75 .
dear jan , from your description of its ' trendrils ' and the purple liquid , i would guess your animal is bursatella leachii . if you have a look at the other messages on the bursatella leachii page you will find some photos of it from various parts of the world . in fact i am posting a message today from eastern australia of an animal squirting out its purple ink . have a look at the sea hares page for lots more information on this group of sea slugs . if your animal is bursatella then its washng ashore with sargassum is a coincidence .
( of notarchus leachii cirrosus stimpson , 1855 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
dear bill , this specimen of bursatella leachii was recently found at a relatively quiet harbor , is so far i only had saw this species in this area , and was keep at home for three days then let it back to free in water .
a scientist working with bursatella leachii , a sea slug that lives in an intertiday habitat in the coastal waters of puerto rico , gathered the following information about tthe distribution of the sea slugs within a ten - meter square plot over a 10 day period .
rudman , w . b . ( 2007 ) . comment on bursatella leachii subspecies by augusto medeiros . [ message in ] sea slug forum . [ message in ] sea slug forum . australian museum , sydney . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of bursatella lacinulata gould , 1852 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
( of aplysia bursatella rang , 1834 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
dear valda , these are bursatella leachii , a very ' hairy ' sea hare - if you will pardon the pun . they are quite variable in colour and some have more obvious blue ' eye spots ' than others . there are other species with similar eyespots , the most common of which is stylocheilus striatus , which is much smaller in size . howevere i am pretty sure your ' juvenile ' is a juvenile . b . leachii because the parapodial flaps seem to be almost completely fused , which is characteristic of bursatella , but not of stylocheilus .
dear josephine , congratulations on finding the sea slug forum . have a look at the bursatella leachii page where there is plenty of information on this animal . also have a look at the many messages which are attached at the bottom of the page for a lot more information on bursatella from many parts of the world . [ if you click on any underlined word you will move to a page on that topic ] .
you may not realise the forum is much more than just the messages . there are plenty of places where you can ' lookup ' information . firstly , have a look at the page on bursatella leachii , and all the other messages on that page . secondly , bursatella is a sea hare so have a look at the ' sea hare ' topics listed in the general topics list which should be of interest to you .
hello , my name is dana rygwelski . for my ap biology class we are currently working in the ecology unit , we were assigned to look up about a specific type of sea slug . if you could please help me out by sending me information on bursatella leachii it would be greatly appreciated .
( of notarchus ( bursatella ) leachii ( blainville , 1817 ) ) lin , g . & tchang , s . 1965 . opisthobranchia from the inter - tidal zone of hainan island , china . oceanologia et limnologia sinica 7 ( 1 ) : 1 - 20 , pls . 1 - 3 . [ details ]
delivering alien invasive species inventories for europe ( daisie ) ( from synonym bursatella leachi [ sic ] ) to barcode of life ( 1 barcode ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 1 publication ) ( from synonym aclesia africana engel , 1926 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 12 publications ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 3 publications ) ( from synonym notarchus ( bursatella ) leachii ( blainville , 1817 ) ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 9 publications ) ( from synonym bursatella leachi [ sic ] ) to clemam to encyclopedia of life to genbank ( 6 nucleotides ; 4 proteins ) to pesi to sea slug forum ( via archive . org ) to itis
dear augusto , i would be interested to know what research you are doing and where . concerning the subspecies of b . leachii , eales & engel ( 1925 ) reviewed bursatella worldwide and concluded there was only one species . they thought it would be convenient to recognise six subspecies but could give no clear definitions of each subspecies except to suggest geographic regions .
eales , n . b . & engel , h . ( 1935 ) the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society , 21 : 279 - 303 .
braga , tiago rodrigues , maria joão pereira , hugo varela , joão barreira , luísa gonzález - wangüemert , mercedes and custódio , luísa 2017 . bursatella leachii from mar menor as a source of bioactive molecules : preliminary evaluation of the nutritional profile , in vitro biological activities , and fatty acids contents . journal of aquatic food product technology , vol . 26 , issue . 10 , p . 1337 .
there is quite a lot of information on this page about bursatella . have a at the top of this page above your message , and below your message for earlier correspondence .
hi i am from new zealand and i need to find out wot eats the sea hare bursatella leachii for a project at school . i need to write wot they eat and wot eats them i know wot they eat but i don ' t now wot eats them . the lady at the library told me there was no such thing as a sea hare so i don ' t no where else to go
dear dr . rudman , i came to this web site looking for info on the sea slug bursatella leachii because it is an essay question for the 1997 a . p . biology exam . i saw messages from students that said they were
studying
this organism . hmm . . . you mean trying to answer this a . p . bio exam question ? anyway - here is the entire question .
eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
bebbington , a . ( 1969 ) bursatella leachi guineensis subsp . nov . ( gastropoda , opisthobranchia ) from ghana . proceedings of the malacological society of london , 38 : 323 - 341 .
( of bursatella leachi [ sic ] ) branch , g . m . et al . ( 2002 ) . two oceans . 5th impression . david philip , cate town & johannesburg . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of aclesia glauca cheeseman , 1879 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
( of aclesia africana engel , 1926 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
( of ramosaclesia rex allan , 1932 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
( of notarchus brevipes hägg , 1904 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
( of aclesia ocelligera bergh , 1902 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
( of notarchus intrapictus cockerell , 1893 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
( of aclesia rosea engel , 1926 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
( of notarchus villosus o ' donoghue , 1929 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
( of notarchus laciniatus rüppell & leuckart , 1830 ) eales , n . & engel , h . 1935 . the genus bursatella de blainville . proceedings of the malacological society of london 21 : 279 - 303 , plate 31 . [ details ]
dear richard , thanks for the background on the life history of bursatella in the auckland region . as you will see from john buckeridge ' s message a couple of days ago , the media appear to have unfortunately misinterpreted the information they were provided with .
it looks like the regular change in spacing of the bursatella population observed in puerto rico resulted from a cycle of action and inaction , though i don ' t see why it caused them to
crowd
together during inactivity and disperse during periods of activity .
russo g . f . , 1987 . segnalazione di bursatella leachi de blainville , 1817 ( mollusca , opisthobranchia , aplysiomorpha ) per le acque dell ' isola d ' ischia e considerazioni sull ' ecologia della specie . bollettino della societa naturalisti in napoli , 94 : 243 - 253 , fig . 2 , tav . 1 .
blainville h . m . d . de ( 1817 ) . bursatella , p . 138 , in : dictionnaire des sciences naturelles ( f . cuvier , ed . ) , vol . 5 , supplément . levrault , strasbourg & le normant , paris . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 138 [ details ]
i would like some information on bursatella leachii , a sea slug that resides in an intertidal habitat in the coastal waters of puerto rico . a study demonstrated that the individual slugs varied their distances from one another over the course of a day . for example , the average distance between individuals at midnight was 8 . 0 cm . at 4 am it was 8 . 9 cm . at 8 am it was about 44 . 8 cm . at noon , the avg . distance was 174 . 0 cm . the distance was at it ' s highest at 4 pm at 350 . 5 cm . at 8 pm it was 60 . 5 cm . at midnight , the slugs had returned to 8 . 0 cm distances . any ideas on what physiological or environmental variables could cause this distribution pattern ? thank you .
( of bursatella leachi [ sic ] ) richmond , m . ( ed . ) ( 1997 ) . a guide to the seashores of eastern africa and the western indian ocean islands . sida / department for research cooperation , sarec : stockholm , sweden . isbn 91 - 630 - 4594 - x . 448 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of notarchus leachii cirrosus stimpson , 1855 ) tsi , c . y . & ma , s . t . ( 1982 ) . a preliminary checklist of the marine gastropoda and bivalvia ( mollusca ) of hong kong and southern china . in : proceedings of the first international marine biological workshop : the marine flora and fauna of hong kong and southern china ( ed . morton , b . ) , vol . 1 , pp431 - 458 . hong kong university press , hong kong . [ details ]
( of bursatella leachi [ sic ] ) streftaris , n . ; zenetos , a . ; papathanassiou , e . ( 2005 ) . globalisation in marine ecosystems : the story of non - indigenous marine species across european seas . oceanogr . mar . biol . ann . rev . 43 : 419 - 453 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of bursatella lacinulata gould , 1852 ) gould a . ( 1852 ) . mollusca and shells [ in ] : united states exploring expeditions , 1838 , 1839 , 1840 , 1841 , 1842 under the command of charles wilkes , u . s . n . . philadelphia , c . sherman & son : vol . 12 , xv + 510 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 223 - 224 [ details ]
( of bursatella leachi [ sic ] ) zenetos , a . , m . e . çinar , m . a . pancucci - papadopoulou , j . g . harmelin , g . furnari , f . andaloro , n . bellou , n . streftaris & h . zibrowius . ( 2005 ) . annotated list of marine alien species in the mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species . mediterranean marine science 6 ( 2 ) : 63 - 118 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
i ' m afraid we don ' t know much about what eats them . if you go to the what eats sea slugs ? page you will find some information on sea hare predators but i don ' t know of any information specifically on bursatella - which only goes to show that there is still a lot in this world that we still don ' t know anything about . let ' s hope we don ' t destroy it before we get a chance to find out . good luck with your project , bill rudman
distribution worldwide : circumtropical . mediterranean : recorded first from palestine ( o ' donoghue and white , 1940 ) ; successively recorded in turkey ( swennen , 1961 ) ; malta ( bebbington , 1970 ) ; israel ( eales , 1970 ) ; sicily ( piani , 1980 ) ; tunisia ( several records from the gulf of gabès since 1982 , enzenross and enzenross , 2001 ) ; italy ( fasulo et al . , 1984 as b . leachii and b . l . savignyana ) ; slovenia ( jaklin and vio , 1989 ) ; greece ( koutsoubas , 1992 ) ; lebanon ( collected by g . bitar and h . zibrowius , identification confirmed by j . templado ) ; sardinia ( collected by a . olita , identification confirmed by j . templado ) .
( of aclesia africana engel , 1926 ) engel h . ( 1926 ) . drei neue arten der gattung aclesia ( rang ) bergh , 1902 . zoologischer anzeiger . 69 : 180 - 187 . [ details ]
( of aclesia rosea engel , 1926 ) engel h . ( 1926 ) . drei neue arten der gattung aclesia ( rang ) bergh , 1902 . zoologischer anzeiger . 69 : 180 - 187 . [ details ]
( of notarchus cirrosus stimpson , 1855 ) stimpson , w . ( 1855 ) . descriptions of some of the new marine invertebrata from the chinese and japanese seas . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences , philadelphia . 7 ( 10 ) : 375 - 384 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 378 [ details ]
( of notarchus laciniatus rüppell & leuckart , 1830 ) rüppell e . & leuckart f . s . ( 1828 - 1830 ) . mollusca [ in ] atlas zu des reise im nordlichen afrika von eduard rüppell . 1 . abth . zoologie . 5 . neue wirbellose thiere des rothen meers . frankfurt , h . l . brönner pp . 1 - 22 , pl . 1 - 12 [ 1828 ] , pp . 23 - 47 [ probably 1830 ] , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 24 - 25 , plate 7 , figures 2 a - c [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
spencer , h . g . , marshall , b . a . & willan , r . c . ( 2009 ) . checklist of new zealand living mollusca . pp 196 - 219 . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) new zealand inventory of biodiversity . volume one . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . canterbury university press , christchurch . [ details ]
rosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garcía , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579–699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
occhipinti - ambrogi , a . ; marchini , a . ; cantone , g . ; castelli , a . ; chimenz , c . ; cormaci , m . ; froglia , c . ; furnari , g . ; gambi , m . c . ; giaccone , g . ; giangrande , a . ; gravili , c . ; mastrototaro , f . ; mazziotti , c . ; orsi - relini , l . ; piraino , s . ( 2010 ) . alien species along the italian coasts : an overview . biological invasions . 13 ( 1 ) : 215 - 237 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
zenetos , a . ; gofas , s . ; verlaque , m . ; cinar , m . ; garcia raso , j . ; bianchi , c . ; morri , c . ; azzurro , e . ; bilecenoglu , m . ; froglia , c . ; siokou , i . ; violanti , d . ; sfriso , a . ; san martin , g . ; giangrande , a . ; katagan , t . ; ballesteros , e . ; ramos - espla , a . ; mastrototaro , f . ; ocana , o . ; zingone , a . ; gambi , m . ; streftaris , n . ( 2010 ) . alien species in the mediterranean sea by 2010 . a contribution to the application of european union’s marine strategy framework directive ( msfd ) . part i . spatial distribution . mediterranean marine science . 11 ( 2 ) : 381 - 493 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
marchini , a . ; ferrario , j . ; sfriso , a . ; occhipinti - ambrogi , a . ( 2015 ) . current status and trends of biological invasions in the lagoon of venice , a hotspot of marine nis introductions in the mediterranean sea . biological invasions . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
nimbs m . j . , willan r . c . & smith s . d . a . ( 2017 ) . is port stephens , eastern australia , a global hotspot for biodiversity of aplysiidae ( gastropoda : heterobranchia ) ? . molluscan research . 37 ( 1 ) : 47 - 65 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of aclesia glauca cheeseman , 1879 ) spencer h . g . , willan r . c . , marshall b . a . & murray t . j . ( 2011 ) . checklist of the recent mollusca recorded from the new zealand exclusive economic zone . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of aclesia glauca cheeseman , 1879 ) nimbs m . j . , willan r . c . & smith s . d . a . ( 2017 ) . is port stephens , eastern australia , a global hotspot for biodiversity of aplysiidae ( gastropoda : heterobranchia ) ? . molluscan research . 37 ( 1 ) : 47 - 65 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of ramosaclesia rex allan , 1932 ) nimbs m . j . , willan r . c . & smith s . d . a . ( 2017 ) . is port stephens , eastern australia , a global hotspot for biodiversity of aplysiidae ( gastropoda : heterobranchia ) ? . molluscan research . 37 ( 1 ) : 47 - 65 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
katsanevakis , s . ; bogucarskis , k . ; gatto , f . ; vandekerkhove , j . ; deriu , i . ; cardoso a . s . ( 2012 ) . building the european alien species information network ( easin ) : a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data . bioinvasions records . 1 : 235 - 245 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
ong che rg . & morton b . ( 1991 ) . spatial and temporal variations in the subtidal macrobenthic community of tai tam bay , hong kong . in : morton b , editor . asian marine biology 8 . hong kong university press , hong kong . pp 193 - 216 . [ details ]
introduced species remark in slovenian part of the adriatic sea ( marine region ) : in october 2007 , 2009 , 2010 & 2011 high densities were recorded with a maximum valu of 50 individuals per sq . m . in lipej et al . 2012 [ details ]
introduced species vector dispersal in slovenian part of the adriatic sea ( marine region ) : natural dispersal dispersal via the suez canal see lipej et al . 2012 [ details ]
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the evolution of gastropod body size in the deep sea is reexamined . using an extended and updated data set , and improved statistical methods , it is shown that some results of the previous study may have been artifactual , but that its central conclusion is robust . it is further shown that the effect is not restricted to a single gastropod clade , that its strength increases markedly with depth , but that it applies even in the mesopelagic zone .
the replication of the island rule in a distant taxonomic group and a partially analogous ecological situation could help to uncover the causes of the patterns observed—which are currently much disputed . the gastropod pattern is evident at intermediate depths , and so cannot be attributed to the unique features of abyssal ecology .
citation : welch jj ( 2010 ) the “island rule” and deep - sea gastropods : re - examining the evidence . plos one 5 ( 1 ) : e8776 . urltoken
copyright : © 2010 john j . welch . this is an open - access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
funding : some preliminary work undertaken when jw was funded by bbsrc grant do17750 awarded to andrew rambaut . the funders had no role in study design , data collection and analysis , decision to publish , or preparation of the manuscript .
here , i re - examine whether deep - sea gastropods manifest the island rule , making use of the improved statistical methods , and data collated from the recently updated malacolog database [ 24 ] , which has been both expanded , and revised to reflect advances in gastropod systematics [ 25 ] . it is found that the central conclusion of mcclain et al . [ 12 ] is robust , and that gastropod colonists of the deep - sea benthos do indeed exhibit island - rule - like evolution .
part a shows how different tests of the ‘island rule’ can give qualitatively different results . “deep - sea” species were defined as those with a depth range midpoint > 200m , and all other species defined as “shallow - water” . the ordinary - least - squares regression ( dashed line ) differs significantly from the 1∶1 line of the null ( dotted line ) , but the standardized - major - axis regression ( solid line ) shows no significant departure . part b shows a less ambiguous case : “deep - sea” species are those never observed above 400m , and “shallow - water” species those never observed below 200m ; body sizes are within - genus means , taking equal numbers of deep - and shallow - water species in each genus .
the body sizes of deep - sea gastropods are plotted against those of their shallow - water congeners . “shallow - water” species were never observed below 200m , and “deep - sea” species never observed above depths of a : 200m , b : 400m and c : 600m . separate standardized - major - axis regression lines are shown for the neogastropoda ( black points ) and all other groups ( grey points ) . the dotted line is the 1∶1 expected under the null . genera with fewer than two deep and two shallow species were excluded .
similarly , predator release is a particularly plausible explanation of the vertebrate island rule [ 1 ] , [ 4 ] , [ 6 ] , [ 11 ] ; this is partly because it can naturally account for both dwarfism and gigantism ( by assuming that large and small body sizes evolve as alternative strategies for predator avoidance ) , and partly because predator release is so clearly implicated in other unusual characteristics of island endemics ( such as tameness ) [ 37 ] , [ 38 ] . but there is little evidence that reduced predation characterises the deep - sea [ 12 ] , [ 14 ] , and indeed there is direct evidence of substantial predation acting on deep - sea gastropods [ 12 ] , [ 39 ] – [ 41 ] . the gastropod results therefore argue against the predator release hypothesis as a general explanation of the island rule [ 12 ] .
we are therefore still far from understanding the causes of the patterns observed – and particularly the roles of inter - and intra - specific competition [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] , [ 11 ] , [ 12 ] . a detailed clarification of where the pattern does and does not hold will be an important step toward achieving this goal [ 4 ] , [ 12 ] , [ 19 ] , [ 20 ] .
many thanks are due to andrew rambaut for providing a script to mine the malacolog database . many thanks also to lucy weinert , nicolas bierne , gary rosenberg , shai meiri . simon joly and an anonymous reviewer , who all greatly improved the manuscript with their comments and advice .
conceived and designed the experiments : jw . performed the experiments : jw . analyzed the data : jw . wrote the paper : jw .
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found in warm temperate and tropical waters throughout the world . seven or eight geographical subspecies are recognised by some authorities .
you might like to show the lady in the library the sea hares page where there is more general information on sea hares .
locality : muck dive sites on north shore of trinidad , west indies tropical western atlantic . depth : 1 - 6 ft . length : var . , 4 - 7 inches . 26 july to 2 august 2005 . fine sand and rubble , green water . photographer : sherri deaver
sea hares may secrete a purple dye . but don ' t tease them to make them do this . although they can be quite large , they are well camouflaged . watch your step ! sea hares have very specialised diets and should not be kept in home aquariums .
this hirsute sea hare is sometimes seen on our northern shores among seagrasses and seaweeds . sometimes many are seen everywhere , then they are no longer seen for many months . sometimes , they are seen gathered together , densely packed in large numbers , possibly mating ? or simply gathering around a good source of food ?
6 - 12cm . body long , fleshy with a short triangular tail which has white bars . it is covered with lots of flat branching finger - like projections . it has two pairs of tentacles , oral tentacles and rhinophores about the same size ( you have to look carefully among the hairy bits to distinguish the tentacles ) . the parapodia appears to be a hole in the centre of the body , rather than ' wings ' or flaps as in other large sea hares . it may come in different shades of brown , sometimes bluish , sometimes with orangey ' hairs ' , usually with bright blue spots which are ringed in brown . it is usually well camouflaged and blends in perfectly with among seaweeds and seagrasses . like some other sea hares , it produces a purple ink when disturbed .
sea hares swallow large amounts of sand in the process of eating , somewhat like earthworms do .
changi , may 05 two pairs of tubular tentacles short triangular ' tail ' with white bars .
tan yong how jonathan . 31 mar 2016 . congregation of hairy sea hares at changi point . singapore biodiversity records 2016 : 46 - 47
tan siong kiat and henrietta p . m . woo , 2010 preliminary checklist of the molluscs of singapore ( pdf ) , raffles museum of biodiversity research , national university of singapore .
debelius , helmut , 2001 . nudibranchs and sea snails : indo - pacific field guide ikan - unterwasserachiv , frankfurt . 321 pp .
wells , fred e . and clayton w . bryce . 2000 . slugs of western australia : a guide to the species from the indian to west pacific oceans . western australian museum . 184 pp .
coleman , neville . 2001 . 1001 nudibranchs : catalogue of indo - pacific sea slugs . neville coleman ' s underwater geographic pty ltd , australia . 144pp .
humann , paul and ned deloach . 2010 . reef creature identification : tropical pacific new world publications . 497pp .
kuiter , rudie h and helmut debelius . 2009 . world atlas of marine fauna . ikan - unterwasserachiv . 723pp .
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this is a restricted item and is not covered by our arrive alive 14 - day guarantee . please see our guarantee policy and restricted species list for mo . . .
specificationsmpnf93 0045 0666manufacturerthat fish placecommon nameblue dot sea harescientific namebursatella leachiioriginindo - pacificaggressiveness . . .
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may be one of the most butt - ugly opisthobranchs known . it has been referred to by many names including the
shaggy dog .
the
webmaster mike found in bali last month should make their mother proud . these two with their bright blue spots are actually quite pretty .
is a circum - tropical species found in every tropical ocean accept the pacific coast of mexico . because of this some biologists feel there are seven or eight geographical subspecies . each of these has very slight differences in color and shape of body ornamentation . subspecies are designated by a third name in their scientific name like -
, the species found in florida and the caribbean . all have the characteristic branched papillae on the body , and bright colored eye - spots scattered over the body . as seen in mike ' s photos
feeds on algae - like , mat - forming cyanobacteria . like other sea hares it lays large bundles or masses of eggs which look like yellow rope . as noted on bill rudman ' s
is one of the sea hares that gives off purple ink when disturbed . on this matter i just have to reprint here one of my favorite bill rudman sea hare stories that can be found on his web site . as bill tells it - -
one interesting silly ' fact ' concerning sea hares . the ancient greeks use to believe that you would die if you touched a sea hare . even the great philosopher aristotle believed it was true because in those times learned people decided what was true by having long learned arguments . the person judged to have the best and wittiest argument was the winner , facts were seldom , if ever , considered necessary . using facts and observations to test ideas about the world around us was seldom considered necessary until the 1600s when ' science ' developed as a method of understanding our world . the lesson from this is that you shouldn ' t believe everything you are told .
another lesson learned from our lowly sea slug friends . have a great day .
actually for my needs ( macro ) , i suspect that the olympus 750 onboard flash could probably handle my lightning requirements if i were able to reflect some of the light into the shadow area created by the barrel of the housing . any idea ' s folks ? ? ? ? i am also thinking about getting a small slave strobe that is tried and true like the ikelite 50s that is backed by the manufacturer that may perhaps meet my limited needs !
© the slug site , michael d . miller 2003 . all rights reserved .
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research support , u . s . gov ' t , p . h . s .
midnight 8 . 0cm 4 am 8 . 9 cm 8 am 44 . 8 cm noon 174 cm 4 pm 350 . 5 cm 8 pm 60 . 5 cm midnight 8 . 0 cm
for the above data , provide information on each of the following * summarize the pattern * identify three physiological or environmental variables that could cause the slugs to vary their distance from each other . * explain how each variable could bring about the observed pattern of distribution .
my thoughts : this might be a circadian rhythm . i cannot see any pattern within the day .
the mechanisms may have something to do with salinity and the rise and fall of the tide . do the slugs have a structure analogous to a pineal gland that might be sensitive to light ( secretion of melatonin ) .
to answer your questions . it ' s unlikely to be a tidal rhythm because the tidal cycle is not based on the day - night cycle . yes aplysiid sea - hares that have been looked at , do have a day - night circadian rhythm . it seems to be associated with the eye which seems to have its own clock with a circadian rhythm of neuronal activity . like many animals , there appears to be an underlying circadian rhythm which is kept
tuned
by the light - dark cycle .
basically i don ' t think its a very good question . best wishes , bill rudman .
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 778418c9 - 1dd3 - 4876 - a84f - 81afb0ad410c
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e6af7a31 - 04fd - 4da8 - b0eb - 4fcaeb8ce2c2
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : f4870743 - 9cc9 - 4a5c - 826d - 4823cb0ad254
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a3648259 - f29d - 47ea - a090 - 01ba578fef07
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 496425
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the distribution of the alien gastropod melibe viridis ( kelaart , 1858 ) ( opistobranchia : tethyidae ) i . . .
the distribution of carinaria mediterranea blainville , 1825 ( heteropods ) in the mediterranean shores . . .
first report of the spiny blaasop tylerius spinosissimus ( regan , 1908 ) ( actinopterygii : tetraodontid . . .
length–weight relationships of 14 fish species from the gulf of antalya ( northeastern mediterranean . . .
length - weight relationships ( lwrs ) were determined for 14 fish species from the gulf antalya along the northeastern mediterranean sea coast of turkey . samples were collected using bottom trawl at depths varying from 25 to 150 m . the parameters a and b from the lwr formula w = al ( b ) were estimated . the values of the exponent b of the length - weight relationships ranged from 2 . 513 to 3 . 465 . seven . . . [ show full abstract ]
distribution and first report of parupeneus forsskali fourmanoir & guézé , 1976 from north of cyprus . . .
our family went to the gulf of mexico on perdido key [ florida ] this summer . being from the midwest we had never seen many of the beach creatures before . after bertha hit , much brown seaweed ( ? sargassum ? ) came on shore and along with it a 3 - 5
brown , gelatinous creature with tendrils ( maybe 30 or so ) . the creature seemed to squirt a purple liquid out on the white sandy beach when touched . would this be a type of sea slug ? or a cucumber ? we are such novices to marine life , that we have been unable to locate this in the library or on the web . any help would be appreciated . sorry i don ' t have a picture . jan
however , one other possibility is scyllaea pelagica which lives on sargassum and is often found washed up with the algae . i guess its gills could be the ' tendrils ' you describe , but i doubt that it grows to 5 inches long and as far as i know it doesn ' t produce a purple ink . let me know if either of my ' guesses ' are correct , cheers , bill rudman