fusinus vitreus is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies .

fusinus vitreus

subgenus fusinus ( sinistralia ) h . adams & a . adams , 1853 accepted as fusinus rafinesque , 1815
fusinus graciliformis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1880 ) : synonym of chryseofusus graciliformis
buzzurro g . & russo p . ( 2007 ) . fusinus del mediterraneo . published by the authors
fasciolariidae - genera 1926 † subfamily fusininae fusus bruguière , 1789 synonym of fusinus rafinesque , 1815 africolithes eames , 1957 † amiantofusus fraussen , kantor . . . microfulgur finlay marwick , 1937 genera brought into synonymy aptyxis troschel , 1868 synonym of fusinus rafinesque , 1815 barbarofusus grabau shimer , 1909 synonym of fusinus rafinesque . . . adams , 1853 synonym of fusinus rafinesque , 1815 tarantinaea monterosato , 1917 synonym of fasciolaria lamarck , 1799 . . .
dall w . h . ( 1927 ) . small shells from dredgings off the southeast coast of the united states by the united states fisheries steamer
albatross
, in 1885 and 1886 . proceedings of the united states national museum , 70 ( 18 ) : 1 - 134 , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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a collection , from the literature and from individual experts , of traits relating to mineralogy , growth form , lifestyle and reproduction of marine or primarily marine taxonomic groups . last indexed march 16 , 2015
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memorias de la real academia de ciencias exactas , físicas y naturales de madrid , vol . 16 : úbeda ; estudio sistemático de las bases orgánicas de origen
the annals and magazine of natural history , including zoology , botany , and geology , 1903 , vol . 12 ( classic reprint )
malakozoologische blatter fur 1877 , vol . 24 : als fortsetzung der zeitschrift fur malakozoologie ( classic reprint )
histoire naturelle des insectes , vol . 7 : species général des lépidoptères ; noctuélites , tome iii ( classic reprint )
transactions and proceedings and report of the royal society of south australia , vol . 20 : for 1895 - 6 ( classic reprint )
dictionnaire classique d ' histoire naturelle , vol . 4 : chi - coz ( classic reprint )
wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der deutschen zentral - africa - expedition 1907 - 1908 , vol . 3 : unter führung adolf friedrichs , herzogs zu mecklenburg ; zoolog
zeitschrift für die gesammten naturwissenschaft , vol . 28 : heft vii . ; jahrgang 1866 , juli ( classic reprint )
die europaeischen schlangen , vol . 1 : kupferdrucktafeln nach photographien der lebenden tiere ( classic reprint )
the proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , vol . 58 : for the year 1933 ( classic reprint )
urltoken & reg2000 - 2018 ; | webster srl - p . iva it03556440281 - all rights reserved
fusus bruguière , 1789 ( invalid : junior homonym of fusus helbling , 1779 . placed by the iczn on the official index by opinion 1765 , 1994 , bulletin of zoological nomenclature , 51 ( 2 ) : 159 . )
this genus is known in the fossil records from the cretaceous to the quaternary ( age range : from 94 . 3 to 0 . 0 million years ago ) . fossils are found in the marine strata all over the worls . [ 3 ]
snyder , m . a . ( 2003 ) catalogue of the marine gastropod family fasciolariidae . academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , special publication , 21 , iii + 1–431
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bullia natalensis , the pleated plough shell , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family nassariidae , the nassa mud snails or dog whelks .

bullia natalensis

what type of species is bullia natalensis ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the bullia natalensis species belongs to .
which photographers have photos of bullia natalensis species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species bullia natalensis .
how to identify bullia natalensis marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species bullia natalensis . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species bullia natalensis are marked in green .
where is bullia natalensis found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species bullia natalensis can be found .
nassariidae » bullia natalensis , id : 336258 , shell detail « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .
» species bullia ( bullia ) callosa ( wood , 1828 ) represented as bullia callosa ( w . wood , 1828 )
» species bullia ( bullia ) similis g . b . sowerby iii , 1897 represented as bullia similis sowerby iii , 1897
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : bullia natalensis ( c . f . f . von krauss , 1848 ) - id : 1951300070
» species bullia ( bullia ) mozambicensis e . a . smith , 1878 represented as bullia mozambicensis e . a . smith , 1878
» species bullia ( bullia ) persica e . a . smith , 1878 represented as bullia persica e . a . smith , 1878
» species bullia ( bullia ) trifasciata e . a . smith , 1904 represented as bullia trifasciata e . a . smith , 1904
» species bullia ( bullia ) ancillaeformis e . a . smith , 1906 accepted as bullia ancillaeformis e . a . smith , 1906
» species bullia ( bullia ) osculata g . b . sowerby iii , 1900 accepted as bullia osculata ( sowerby iii , 1900 )
species bullia gracilis w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia pura melvill , 1885
species bullia kraussi w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia pura melvill , 1885
species bullia scalaris w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia pura melvill , 1885
species bullia thetis w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia pura melvill , 1885
( of bullia ( bullia ) natalensis ( krauss , 1848 ) ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
species bullia albanyana w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia diluta ( krauss , 1848 )
species bullia rietensis w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia diluta ( krauss , 1848 )
species bullia scitula w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia diluta ( krauss , 1848 )
species bullia soluta w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia digitalis ( dillwyn , 1817 )
species bullia sowerbyi w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia laevissima ( gmelin , 1791 )
species bullia spectrum w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia diluta ( krauss , 1848 )
species bullia subventricosa w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia diluta ( krauss , 1848 )
species bullia zenobia w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as bullia diluta ( krauss , 1848 )
» species bullia ( bullia ) nitida ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1895 ) represented as bullia nitida g . b . sowerby iii , 1895
subgenus bullia ( adinus ) h . adams & a . adams , 1853 accepted as bullia gray , 1833
species bullia dulcis g . b . sowerby iii , 1921 accepted as bullia digitalis ( dillwyn , 1817 )
species bullia pustulosa g . b . sowerby iii , 1894 accepted as bullia mozambicensis e . a . smith , 1878
bullia natalensis - species dictionary - southern africa - observations - page 1 : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
species bullia pellucida w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as annulobalcis pellucida ( w . h . turton , 1932 ) ( original combination )
bullia mozambicensis was originally discovered and described by british malacologist edgar albert smith in 1877 . smith ' s original text ( the type description ) reads as follows :
( of bullia ( bullia ) gray , 1833 ) galindo , l . a . ; puillandre , n . ; utge , j . ; lozouet , p . ; bouchet , p . ( 2016 ) . the phylogeny and systematics of the nassariidae revisited ( gastropoda , buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 337 - 353 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
allmon w . d . , 1990 [ 12 december ] . review of the bullia group ( gastropoda : nassariidae ) with comments on its evolution , biogeography , and phylogeny . bulletins of american paleontology 99 ( 335 ) : 179 pp . , 15 pls . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of adinus h . adams & a . adams , 1853 ) allmon w . d . , 1990 [ 12 december ] . review of the bullia group ( gastropoda : nassariidae ) with comments on its evolution , biogeography , and phylogeny . bulletins of american paleontology 99 ( 335 ) : 179 pp . , 15 pls . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of bullia plicata redfield , 1848 ) marais j . p . & kilburn r . n . ( 2010 ) nassariidae . pp . 138 - 173 , in : marais a . p . & seccombe a . d . ( eds ) , identification guide to the seashells of south africa . volume 1 . groenkloof : centre for molluscan studies . 376 pp . [ details ]
( of bullia ( leiodomus ) swainson , 1840 ) galindo , l . a . ; puillandre , n . ; utge , j . ; lozouet , p . ; bouchet , p . ( 2016 ) . the phylogeny and systematics of the nassariidae revisited ( gastropoda , buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 337 - 353 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
branch , g . m . et al . ( 2002 ) . two oceans . 5th impression . david philip , cate town & johannesburg . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
marais j . p . & kilburn r . n . ( 2010 ) nassariidae . pp . 138 - 173 , in : marais a . p . & seccombe a . d . ( eds ) , identification guide to the seashells of south africa . volume 1 . groenkloof : centre for molluscan studies . 376 pp . [ details ]
( of buccinum natalense krauss , 1848 ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
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south africa . transkei coast . found in sand at surfs edge . ex - coll . d . & m . meyer . june 1987 .
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j . e . gray in e . griffith & e . pidgeon , 1834
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south africa ( country ) for clathurella verrucosa g . b . sowerby iii , 1897
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griffith , e . & pidgeon , e . ( 1833 - 1834 ) . the mollusca and radiata . vol . 12 , in : e . griffith , [ 1824 ] −1835 , the animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization , by the baron cuvier , [ . . . ] . london : whittaker and co . , viii + 601 pp . , 61 pls . [ 1−138 ( date of publication according to petit & coan , 2008 : pp 1 - 192 , mollusca pls . 1−39 - 1833 ; pp 193 - 601 , pls . zoophytes 2−20 , mollusca corrected pls . 28 * , 36 * , 37 * , pls . 40 - 41 - 1834 ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : pl . 37 , fig . 8 ( legend ) [ details ]
abbott , r . t . & s . p . dance ( 1986 ) . compendium of sea shells . american malacologists , inc : melbourne , florida [ details ]
galindo , l . a . ; puillandre , n . ; utge , j . ; lozouet , p . ; bouchet , p . ( 2016 ) . the phylogeny and systematics of the nassariidae revisited ( gastropoda , buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 337 - 353 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of leiodomus swainson , 1840 ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
( of pseudostrombus mörch , 1852 ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
( of adinus h . adams & a . adams , 1853 ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
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branch , g . m . et al . ( 2002 ) two oceans . 5th impression . david philip , cate town & johannesburg .
branch , g . m . et al . ( 2002 ) . two oceans . 5th impression . david philip , cate town & johannesburg .
cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . < i > bulletin of the auckland institute and museum < / i > 14 : 1 - 356 .
marais j . p . & kilburn r . n . ( 2010 ) nassariidae . pp . 138 - 173 , in : marais a . p . & seccombe a . d . ( eds ) , identification guide to the seashells of south africa . volume 1 . groenkloof : centre for molluscan studies . 376 pp .


trithemis kirbyi , also known as the orange-winged dropwing , scarlet rock glider , or kirby 's dropwing , is a species of dragonfly in the family libellulidae .

trithemis kirbyi

clausnitzer , v . 2005 . trithemis kirbyi . 2006 iucn red list of threatened species . downloaded on 10 august 2007 .
trithemis kirbyi , the orange - winged dropwing or kirby ' s dropwing , is a species of dragonfly in the family libellulidae .
holusa , o . 2008 . trithemis kirbyi auf sardinien : erstnachweis für europa ( odonata : libellulidae ) . libellula 27 : 111 - 115 .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
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arkive species - orange - winged dropwing ( trithemis kirbyi )
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arkive species - orange - winged dropwing ( trithemis kirbyi )
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arkive species - orange - winged dropwing ( trithemis kirbyi )
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chelmick , d . and pickess , b . p . 2008 . trithemis kirbyi selys in southern spain ( anisoptera : libellulidae ) . notulae odonatologicae 7 : 4 - 5 .
the former splitting into a nominotypical form and a subspecies trithemis kirbyi ardens ( gerstäcker , 1891 ) is currently challenged because of different opinions on biogeographic interpretation in the distribution of phenotypes .
trithemis kirbyi is a wide ranging african species , also occuring in the arabian peninsular and indian peninsular . in northern africa , the species is present in morocco , algeria , tunisia , chad and egypt . it is likely also to be present in niger , mauritania , libyan arab jamahiriya , mali and sudan .
trithemis kirbyi is widespread from africa ( except in rainforest areas ) to india . the species ' range is extending to the north and it recently began to spread in southern europe ( southern spain , sardinia ) . surprisingly , it doesn ' t occur in the levant and large parts of the middle - east .
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arkive species - violet dropwing ( trithemis annulata )
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arkive species - violet dropwing ( trithemis annulata )
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justification : trithemis kirkbyi is a wide - ranging species in northern africa , with no sign of population decline . assessed as least concern in the region .
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arkive species - red - veined dropwing ( trithemis arteriosa )
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arkive species - red - veined dropwing ( trithemis arteriosa )
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trithemis kirbyi is widespread in africa and the indian subcontinent and reaches the southern mediterranean coast . recently the species has been found in sardinia in 2003 ( holuša 2008 ) and in southern spain in 2008 ( chelmick and pickess 2008 ) . in the province of malaga , it was found breeding in 2008 ( cano - villegas and conesa garcia 2009 ) . it is not unlikely that this is a prelude to an expansion of its range to southern europe as it has happened with other african species like trithemis annulata and brachytremis leucosticta .
pinhey , e . 1970 . monographic study of the genus trithemis brauer ( odonata : libellulidae ) . memoirs of the entomological society of southern africa 11 : 1 - 159 .
trithemis kirbyi is widespread from africa ( except in rainforest areas ) to india . the range is extending to the north and it recently began to spread in southern europe ( southern spain , sardinia ) . surprisingly , it does not occur in the levant and large parts of the middle east . in the arabian peninsula , trithemis kirbyi is widespread on the western and eastern margins , where it remains confined to the southern half of the peninsula . one hundred and twenty five records are available from 88 distinct localities in 65 sites over 1 , 300 , 000 km² . thirty - eight percent of the records dates from 1990 onwards but only nine percent are from 2000 onwards . recently , new records are available from 2009 , 2010 and 2011 ( samraoui pers . obs . , schneider pers . obs . ) .
trithemis kirbyi is an opportunistic species which rapidly colonizes all kinds of freshwater habitats . the larvae develop inperennial andtemporarydesert watersthanks to a short larval period ( less than 50 days ) . itis the most common species in all kinds of desert freshwater . adults are found atpools , ponds , swimming pools and water tanks as well asalong wadis , brooks , streams andrivers . they settle on boulders and rocks or perch ontwigs ofreeds and rush .
giere , s . and hadrys , h . ( 2006 ) polymorphic microsatellite loci to study population dynamics in a dragonfly , the libellulid trithemis arteriosa . molecular ecology notes , 6 : 933 - 935 .
trithemis kirbyi is an opportunistic species which rapidly colonies all kinds of freshwater habitats . the larvae develop in perennial and temporary desert waters thanks to a short larval period ( less than 50 days ) . it is the most common species in all kinds of desert freshwater . adults are found at pools , ponds , swimming pools and water tanks , as well as along wadis , brooks , streams and rivers . they settle on boulders and rocks or perch on twigs of reeds and rush .
pinhey , e . c . g . ( 1970 ) . monographic study of the genus trithemis brauer ( odonata : libellulidae ) . memoirs entomological society southern africa , 11 , 1 - 159 . [ pdf file ]
one of africa’s most common and widely distributed dragonflies , the male red - veined dropwing ( trithemis arteriosa ) has a slender red abdomen and is named after the bright red veins running across its wings ( 2 ) .
cano - villegas , f . j . and conesa - garcia , m . a . 2009 . expansion de trihemis kirbyi ( selys , 1891 ) ( odonata : libelluidae ) en la provincial de malaga ( s . peninsula iberica ) . boletin de la sea 44 .
the violet dropwing ( trithemis annulata ) is a distinctive dragonfly that is well known for its striking violet colouration , from which it gets its common name . the male of this species appears purple , but this is due to a bright red base colour on the abdomen and thorax , which is overlaid with a blue , powdery bloom ( ‘pruinescence’ ) on the surface , creating the vibrant violet colouration ( 2 ) .
in contrast , the female violet dropwing is not quite as vivid as the male . instead , the female has a yellow - brown body , a large yellow patch at the base of the hindwing , and no red in the wing veins ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . the female violet dropwing can be distinguished from other female trithemis species by its stouter abdomen and by the black marks on top of the eighth and ninth abdomen segments . juvenile male violet dropwings first adopt a yellowish colour similar to the female , then later turn orange and red and finally the vibrant violet colour on reaching maturity ( 2 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : this ubiquitous and nomadic species is widespread with no known major threats . it is therefore assessed as least concern .
this species was always common in large parts of its african and arabian range and increased during the last 50 years in the maghreb . it recently ( in 2008 ) crossed the straight of gibraltar to settle in spain and the mediterranean to reach sardinia . european subpopulations are still low but will probably increase during the next decades due to climate change .
this species is not under threat at the global scale , although pollution and over use of water by humans may cause it to decline locally .
1 . forest - > 1 . 6 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist lowland suitability : suitable 2 . savanna - > 2 . 1 . savanna - dry suitability : suitable 3 . shrubland - > 3 . 5 . shrubland - subtropical / tropical dry suitability : suitable 3 . shrubland - > 3 . 6 . shrubland - subtropical / tropical moist suitability : suitable 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 1 . wetlands ( inland ) - permanent rivers / streams / creeks ( includes waterfalls ) suitability : suitable major importance : yes 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 2 . wetlands ( inland ) - seasonal / intermittent / irregular rivers / streams / creeks suitability : suitable major importance : yes 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - permanent freshwater lakes ( over 8ha ) suitability : suitable major importance : yes 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 6 . wetlands ( inland ) - seasonal / intermittent freshwater lakes ( over 8ha ) suitability : suitable major importance : yes 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 7 . wetlands ( inland ) - permanent freshwater marshes / pools ( under 8ha ) suitability : suitable major importance : yes 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 8 . wetlands ( inland ) - seasonal / intermittent freshwater marshes / pools ( under 8ha ) suitability : suitable major importance : yes 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 9 . wetlands ( inland ) - freshwater springs and oases suitability : suitable major importance : yes 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 12 . wetlands ( inland ) - geothermal wetlands suitability : suitable major importance : yes 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 13 . wetlands ( inland ) - permanent inland deltas suitability : suitable major importance : no 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 18 . wetlands ( inland ) - karst and other subterranean hydrological systems ( inland ) suitability : marginal
al - safadi , m . m . 1990 . dragonflies ( odonata ) of the yemen arab republic . fauna of saudi arabia 11 : 18 - 30 .
al - safadi , m . m . 1995 . a pilot study of lake ma ' rib , yemen . hydrobiologia 315 : 203 - 209 .
boudot , j . p . , kalkman , v . j . , azpilicueta amorín , m . , bogdanović , t . , cordero rivera , a . , degabriele , g . , dommanget , j . l . , ferreira , s . , garrigós , b . , jović , m . , kotarac , m . , lopau , w . , marinov , m . , mihoković , n . , riservato , e . , samraoui , b . and schneider , w . 2009 . atlas of the odonata of the mediterranean and north africa . libellula supplement 9 : 256 pp .
carfì , s . , romano , v . and terzani , f . 1995 . some dragonflies from the north of the republic of yemen . bolletino de la società entomologica italiana 126 : 195 - 199 .
dumont , h . j . and al - safadi , m . m . 1991 . additions to the dragonfly fauna of yemen . notulae odonatologicae 3 : 114 - 117 .
dumont , h . j . and al - safadi , m . m . 1993 . further additions to the dragonfly fauna of the republic of yemen ( odonata ) . opuscula zoologica fluminensia . 109 : 1–8 .
durand , e . and renoult , j - p . 2012 . [ addition à l ' odonatofaune de l ' adrar mauritanien ] . poiretia 4 : 7 - 16 . url [ urltoken
feulner , g . r . 2006 . field reports . diverse dragonflies . gazelle , newsletter of the dubai natural history group 21 : 6 - 7 .
fraser , f . c . 1956 . faune de madagascar i . insectes odonates anisoptères . publications de l´institut de recherche scientifique tananarive - tsimbazaza . , tananarive .
iucn . 2006 . 2006 iucn red list of threatened species . gland , switzerland and cambridge , uk available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 05 june ) .
iucn . 2016 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2016 - 3 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 07 december 2016 ) .
krupp , f . , apel , m . , hamoud , a . , schneider , w . and zajonz , u . 2006 . zoological survey in the red sea coastal zone of yemen . fauna of arabia 21 : 11 - 32 .
lambret , p . and boudot , j . - p . 2009 . nesciothemis farinosa ( förster , 1898 ) et orthetrum ransonnetii ( brauer , 1868 ) nouveaux pour l ' arabie saoudite et autres observations d ' odonates sur les reliefs côtiers de la mer rouge . martinia , 25 : 153 - 155 .
longfield , c . 1947 . the odonata of south angola . arquivos do museu bocage , lisboa 16 : 1 - 31 .
longfield , c . 1955 . the odonata of north angola . part i . publicações culturais companhia de diamantes de angola 27 : 11 - 64 .
longfield , c . 1959 . the odonata of north angola . part ii . publicações culturais companhia de diamantes de angola 45 : 15 - 41 .
martens , a . jödicke , r . and suhling , f . 2003 . annotated checklist of the odonata of namibia . cimbebasia 18 : 139 - 160 .
pinhey , e . 1961 . a collection of odonata from dundo , angola . with the descriptions of two new species of gomphids . publiçacões culturais companhia de diamantes de angola lisboa 56 : 71 - 76 .
pinhey , e . 1961 . some dragonflies ( odonata ) from angola ; and descriptions of three new species of the family gomphidae . publiçacões culturais companhia de diamantes de angola lisboa 56 : 81 - 86 .
pinhey , e . 1964 . dragonflies ( odonata ) of the angola - congo borders of rhodesia . publiçacões culturais companhia de diamantes de angola lisboa 63 : 97 - 129 .
pinhey , e . 1965 . odonata from luanda and the lucala river , angola . revista de biologia , lisboa 5 : 159 - 164 .
pinhey , e . 1967 . odonata of ngamiland . arnoldia 15 : 1 - 17 .
pinhey , e . 1970 . a new approach to african orthetrum ( odonata ) . occasional papers of the national museum of southern rhodesia ( b ) 4 : 261 - 321 .
pinhey , e . 1975 . a collection of odonata from angola . arnoldia 23 : 1 - 16 .
pinhey , e . 1976 . dragonflies ( odonata ) of botswana , with ecological notes . occasional papers of the national museums and monuments of rhodesia , series b 5 : 524 - 601 .
pinhey , e . 1981 . checklist of the odonata of mozambique . occasional papers of the national museums and monuments of rhodesia , series b 6 : 557 - 631 .
pinhey , e . 1984 . a check - list of the odonata of zimbabwe and zambia . smithersia 3 : 1 - 64 .
pinhey , e . 1984 . a survey of the dragonflies ( odonata ) of south africa . part 1 . journal of the entomological society of south africa 47 : 147 - 188 .
pinhey , e . 1985 . a survey of the dragonflies ( odonata ) of south africa . part 2 . anisoptera . journal of the entomological society of south africa 48 : 1 - 48 .
ris , f . 1931 . odonata aus süd - angola . revue suisse de zoologie 38 : 97 - 112 .
samways , m . j . 1999 . diversity and conservation status of south african dragonflies ( odonata ) . odonatologica 28 : 13 - 62 .
samways , m . j . 2002 . a strategy for national red listing invertebrates based on experiences with odonata in south africa . african entomology 10 : 43 - 52 .
samways , m . j . 2008 . dragonflies and damselflies of south africa . pensoft , sofia - moscou .
schneider , w . 1988 . dragonflies ( odonata ) of the wahiba sands and adjacent areas , eastern oman . journal of oman studies special report 3 : 377–388 .
schneider , w . and dumont , h . j . 1997 . the dragonflies and damselflies ( insecta : odonata ) of oman . an updated and annotated checklist . fauna of saudi arabia 16 : 89 - 110 .
schneider , w . and krupp , f . 1993 . dragonfly records from saudi arabia , with an annotated checklist of the species from the arabian peninsula ( insecta : odonata ) . fauna of saudi arabia 13 : 63 - 78 .
subramanian , k . a . 2005 . dragonflies and damselflies of peninsular india – a field guide . project lifescape . indian academy of sciences , bangalore , india .
suhling , f . and martens , a . 2007 . dragonflies and damselflies of namibia . gamsberg macmillan publishers , windhoek .
suhling , f . , sahlén , g . , martens , a . , marais , e . and schütte , c . 2006 . dragonfly assemblages in arid tropical environments : a case study from western namibia . biodiversity and conservation 15 : 311 - 332 .
tarboton , w . and tarboton , m . 2002 . a field guide to the dragonflies of south africa . tarboton and tarboton , nylstroom .
tariq chauldry , m . 2010 . systematics of dragonflies ( anisoptera : odonata ) of pakistan . department of entomology , arid agriculture university , faculty of crop and food sciences .
waterston , a . r . 1980 . insects of saudi arabia . odonata . fauna of saudi arabia 2 : 57–70 .
waterston , a . r . 1984 . insects of southern arabia . odonata from the yemens and saudi arabia . fauna of saudi arabia 6 : 451–472
waterston , a . r . and pittaway , a . r . 1991 ( 1989 ) . the odonata or dragonflies of oman and neighbouring territories . journal of oman studies 10 : 131 - 168 .
wilson , k . d . p . 2008 . a brief trip to united arab emirates and northern oman . agrion , newsletter of the worldwide dragonfly association 12 : 56 - 57 .
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joshi , s . , p . koparde , p . dawn , p . roy , and k . kunte ( eds . ) .
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de knijf , g . , ferreira , s . & riservato , e .
justification : european regional assessment : not applicable ( na ) eu 27 assessment : not applicable ( na ) the species has only recently been found breeding in one spanish province . this presence is less than 1 % of its global range and it is therefore assessed as not applicable .
the species is not uncommon within its range in the maghreb and often fairly abundant when found . it is likely that the same will be true for europe if the species proofs to become a stable part of the european fauna .
the species has only recently been found reproducing within europe . outside europe , the species breeds in open , largely unshaded streams and runnels with a bare , stony or rocky bottom . the species is often found in open , arid landscapes but is also often present near settlements where it breeds in concrete ditches , and drink water basins for cattle and fountains .
information on the orange - winged dropwing is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
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classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
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a species that is spreading north from africa into spain and colonising relatively rapidly . the distribution maps in dijkstra / lewington , published 2006 , do not show it in spain but it is now [ 2016 ] at least as far up as valencia .
i was keen to find these on my september 2015 spanish trip and had targeted a reserve just above valencia called the marjal dels moros . as it turned out , i found my first male on my local river in jalón . i was then lucky enough to find a female at the marjal de gandia .
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the violet colouration of the male violet dropwing is actually caused by a bluish , powdery bloom overlaying a bright red background colour .
like other dropwings , the violet dropwing is named for its habit of lowering its wings when it lands .
the violet dropwing is one of the most abundant dragonfly species in tropical africa , and is extending its range into europe .
the violet dropwing is a small - to medium - sized dragonfly , and has a distinctly broad abdomen ( 2 ) ( 4 ) . like many other dropwing species , the violet dropwing immediately lowers its wings on landing , a behaviour which gives this group of dragonflies their common name ( 5 ) .
the male violet dropwing has a distinctive bright red face , red eyes , and red wing veins , and there is an amber patch at the base of each hindwing ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) . the abdomen has fine purple dashes along the top , with small black stripes on the top of the eighth and ninth abdomen segments ( 4 ) .
like other dragonflies , the violet dropwing begins its life as an egg laid in a water body by the female . after hatching , it spends the first stages of life as an aquatic larva , or nymph , which breathes through internal gills ( 3 ) ( 6 ) . the larva remains in the water as it passes through a number of developmental stages , undergoing a series of moults as it grows larger . eventually , the larva emerges from the water and moults into the adult form ( 6 ) . the adult violet dropwing then spends some time maturing until it is fully mature and capable of reproduction ( 4 ) ( 6 ) .
in most dragonfly species , the adult male perches near the waterside waiting for a female , and may defend a territory . during mating , the male holds the female by the head using specialised appendages , known as ‘claspers’ , at the end of the abdomen . male dragonflies have secondary reproductive organs towards the front of the abdomen , from which the female receives the sperm . while being held by the male , the female dragonfly bends the tip of her abdomen forwards to receive the sperm packet , creating a shape known as a mating ‘wheel’ ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 6 ) .
many male dragonflies keep hold of or guard the female until the eggs are laid , to ensure no other males can mate with her ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 6 ) . as in other members of the libellulidae family , the female violet dropwing is likely to scatter the eggs over the surface of the water by dipping her abdomen into the water while flying over it ( 3 ) ( 4 ) .
the violet dropwing larva is an opportunistic predator , catching prey by shooting out its enlarged and modified mouthparts ( 3 ) ( 6 ) , which are armed with hooks on the end ( 6 ) . the adult violet dropwing is also an opportunistic and effective predator , using its acute vision to detect prey , and its outstretched , bristly legs as a ‘basket’ to capture insects in flight ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 6 ) .
in the violet dropwing , adults are usually seen between november and may in south africa ( 4 ) , between may and october in parts of northern africa , and from april to october in turkey ( 2 ) . in the sahara , adults of this species may be seen year - round , and in europe they are thought to be active in all summer months ( 2 ) .
originally of african origin , the violet dropwing also occurs in the mediterranean region , and is expanding its range in southern europe ( 2 ) . the violet dropwing inhabits tropical africa , where it is one of the most abundant dragonfly species ( 2 ) , and is also found in the middle east , parts of southern asia , and on islands in the indian ocean ( 1 ) , including madagascar ( 1 ) ( 4 ) .
the violet dropwing can inhabit a range of vegetation types , as long as a suitable area of freshwater is available ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . it is typically found near still or slow - moving water , including pools , marshes and slow - moving stretches of rivers , where there are bushes or trees nearby ( 4 ) . at the edges of its range , the violet dropwing prefers warm spots such as shallow gravel pits , open lakes or lagoons ( 2 ) .
male violet dropwings tend to perch prominently on twigs , reeds or rocks in the sun , close to water ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) , and then move to the trees in the evening or when the sun is hidden behind clouds ( 3 ) ( 4 ) .
the violet dropwing is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
there are not currently believed to be any significant threats to the violet dropwing , due to its widespread distribution and increasing population ( 1 ) ( 7 ) . however , this species may potentially be affected by some of the general threats faced by dragonflies , including intensive agriculture and large - scale land conversion , the destruction and modification of water bodies , over - extraction of water for irrigation , and water pollution ( 4 ) ( 7 ) . other potential threats include global warming , which may cause water bodies to dry up during increasingly hot and dry periods ( 7 ) .
there are no specific conservation measures currently known to be in place for the violet dropwing . however , other conservation efforts , not directly aimed at this species , may potentially benefit its populations . for example , conservation efforts for dragonflies in europe include research , population monitoring , appropriate legislation and the protection of key habitat sites ( 7 ) .
moore , n . w . ( 1997 ) dragonflies : status survey and conservation action plan . iucn / ssc odonata specialist group , iucn , gland , switzerland and cambridge , uk . available at : urltoken
kalkman , v . j . , boudot , j - p . , bernard , r . , conze , k . j . , de knijf , g . , dyatlova , e . , ferreira , s . , jović , m . , ott , j . , riservato , e . and sahlén , g . ( 2010 ) european red list of dragonflies . publications office of the european union , luxembourg . available at : urltoken
abdomen in arthropods ( crustaceans , insects and arachnids ) the abdomen is the hind region of the body , which is usually segmented to a degree ( but not visibly in most spiders ) . in crustacea ( such as crabs ) , some of the limbs attach to the abdomen ; in insects the limbs are attached to the thorax ( the part of the body nearest to the head ) and not the abdomen . larva stage in an animal’s lifecycle after it hatches from the egg . larvae are typically very different in appearance to adults ; they are able to feed and move around but usually are unable to reproduce . moult in insects , a stage of growth whereby the hard outer layer of the body ( the exoskeleton ) is shed and the body becomes larger . nymph stage of insect development , similar in appearance to the adult but sexually immature and without wings . the adult form is reached via a series of moults and the wings develop externally as the nymph grows . territory an area occupied and defended by an animal , a pair of animals or a colony . thorax part of the body located between the head and the abdomen in animals . in insects , the three segments between the head and the abdomen , each of which has a pair of legs .
dijkstra k - d . b . ( 2006 ) field guide to the dragonflies of britain and europe . british wildlife publishing , dorset , uk .
picker , m . , griffiths , c . and weaving , a . ( 2004 ) field guide to insects of south africa . struik publishers , cape town .
samways , m . j . ( 2008 ) dragonflies and damselflies of south africa . pensoft publishers , bulgaria .
silsby , j . ( 2001 ) dragonflies of the world . csiro publishing , collingwood , australia .
o ' toole , c . ( 2002 ) the new encyclopedia of insects and their allies . oxford university press , oxford .
it is found in algeria , angola , benin , botswana , burkina faso , chad , comoros , the democratic republic of the congo , ivory coast , egypt , ethiopia , gambia , ghana , guinea , kenya , liberia , madagascar , malawi , morocco , mozambique , namibia , nigeria , senegal , somalia , south africa , sudan , tanzania , togo , uganda , western sahara , zambia , zimbabwe , and possibly burundi . it is also present in southern europe , the arabian peninsula , the indian ocean islands and south asia up to india .
the adult male abdomen measures 21 - 24mm and hind wing 24 - 27mm . female abdomen measures 23mm and hind wing 26 - 30mm . male is a medium sized scarlet dragonfly with a broad reddish amber patch on the base of transparent wings . female is similar to male , but duller in color . its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical streams and rivers . breads in marshes , ponds and lakes . prefers to perch on exposed rocks , dry areas , and boulders in riverbeds .
schneider , w . , ferreira , s . , kalkman , v . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment workshop , oct . 2007 ) & allen , d . ( iucn freshwater biodiversity unit )
common in large parts of its african range , less so in northern africa .
small hard - bottomed water bodies , rocky stream beds , irrigation canals , water tanks etc .
dijkstra , k . - d . b . & suhling , f . ( ssc odonata specialist group ) , & allen , d . ( iucn freshwater biodiversity unit )
justification : the species is assessed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .
global distribution : the species is widespread in africa except deep in rainforest areas , extends to middle east and india . northeastern africa distribution : the species has been recorded from kenya , ethiopia , egypt , sudan , somalia and eritrea . for chad , uganda and djibouti , assumed .
range description : widespread in africa except rain forest areas , southern europe , middle east , indian ocean islands , southern asia . in east africa the species is common and widespread in kenya , tanzania , uganda , and malawi . its occurrence in burundi is assumed . countries : native : algeria angola benin botswana burkina faso chad comoros congo , the democratic republic of the côte d ' ivoire egypt ethiopia gambia ghana guinea kenya liberia madagascar malawi morocco mozambique namibia nigeria senegal somalia south africa sudan tanzania , united republic of togo uganda western sahara zambia zimbabwe presence uncertain : burundi
habitat and ecology : streams , rivers and pools in savanna , woodland or bush . systems : terrestrial ; freshwater list of habitats : 1 , 1 . 6 , 2 , 2 . 1 , 2 . 2 , 3 , 3 . 5 , 3 . 6 , 5 , 5 . 1 , 5 . 18
this ubiquitous and nomadic species is widespread with no known major widespread threats ; thus doesn ' t qualify for listing in a threatened category . it is therefore assessed as least concern .
red list category & criteria : least concern ver 3 . 1 year assessed : 2006 assessor / s : clausnitzer , v . reviewer / s : clausnitzer , v . , dijkstra , k . - d . b . & suhling , f . ( odonata red list authority ) justification : assessed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category . conservation actions : no information is avaliable
the species was always common in large parts of its african and arabian range and increased during the last 50 years in the maghreb , then recently ( 2008 ) crossed the straight of gibraltar to settle in spain and the mediterranean to reach sardinia . european populations are still low but will probably increase during the next decades due to global warming .
the species is not threatened at the global scale , althoughpollutionand over use ofwater by humans may cause the species to decline locally .
major threat ( s ) : there are no major threats affecting this species .
it is found in algeria , angola , benin , botswana , burkina faso , chad , comoros , the democratic republic of the congo , ivory coast , egypt , ethiopia , gambia , ghana , guinea , kenya , liberia , madagascar , malawi , morocco , mozambique , namibia , nigeria , senegal , somalia , south africa , sudan , tanzania , togo , uganda , western sahara , zambia , zimbabwe , and possibly burundi . it is also present in southern europe , the middle east , the indian ocean islands and south asia - india .
the adult measures 3 . 2 - 3 . 6 cm in length , and reaches a 5 . 8 cm wingspan .
no diagnosis of this species close to t . bifida and t . legrandi is presently available . please refer to those species and the references provided .
streams shaded by forest . mostly with a gravelly but often also sandy bottom , probably especially calmer sections ( like pools ) with submerged roots and / or coarse detritus . from 0 to 700 m above sea level .
map citation : clausnitzer , v . , k . - d . b . dijkstra , r . koch , j . - p . boudot , w . r . t . darwall , j . kipping , b . samraoui , m . j . samways , j . p . simaika & f . suhling , 2012 . focus on african freshwaters : hotspots of dragonfly diversity and conservation concern . frontiers in ecology and the environment 10 : 129 - 134 .
female ; liberia , grand gedeh county , putu iron ore mining concession © dijkstra , k . - d . b . & a . dayeker
male ; liberia , grand gedeh county , putu iron ore mining concession © dijkstra , k . - d . b . & a . dayeker
male ; sierra leone , eastern province , gola forest © dijkstra , k . - d . b . & a . dayeker
male ; liberia , nimba county , west nimba proposed forest reserve © dijkstra , k . - d . b . & m . darpay
adult , male ; angola , uige province , loge valley © dijkstra , k . - d . b .
ris , f . ( 1912 ) . libellulinen 6 . fasc . xiv in collections zoologiques du baron edm . de selys longchamps . brussels : institut royal des sciences naturelles de belgique , 14 , 701 - 836
pinhey , e . c . g . ( 1961 ) . dragonflies ( odonata ) of central africa . occasional papers rhodes - livingstone museum , 14 , 1 - 97 . [ pdf file ]
pinhey , e . c . g . ( 1966 ) . check - list of dragonflies ( odonata ) from malawi , with description of a new teinobasis kirby . arnoldia , 2 , 1 - 24 . [ pdf file ]
citation : dijkstra , k . - d . b ( editor ) . african dragonflies and damselflies online . urltoken [ 2018 - 07 - 09 ] .
african dragonflies and damselflies online is a collaboration between consent ( stellenbosch ) and adu ( cape town ) funded by the jrs biodiversity foundation . addo brings all available knowledge together of africa ' s 770 known species of odonata . read more . . .
by combining conservation ecology and entomology , our department at stellenbosch university brings together a considerable body of teaching and research expertise in the rapidly growing important field of conservation in agricultural and development landscapes . read more . . .
the adu aims to contribute to the understanding of biodiversity and its conservation . we achieve this through programmes that involve citizen scientists , long - term monitoring , research and innovative statistical modelling . read more . . .
the female and immature red - veined dropwing , have a yellowish - russet abdomen with a pale streak between the wings ( 2 ) . as with other dropwing species , the wings are held downwards and forwards when at rest ( 3 ) ( 4 ) .
both the male and female red - veined dropwing have orange flecks at the base of the wings and large crimson eyes . the distinctive lower mouthparts are yellow with a central bronze stripe . black splashes run along the sides of the abdomen , increasing in size up to the tip , which is entirely black ( 2 ) . the oval larvae or ‘ nymphs ’ of the red - veined dropwing are hairless with a spiny abdomen covered in dark brown speckles ( 3 ) .
red - veined dropwing nymphs are ferocious predators ( 7 ) , feeding on small invertebrates ( 8 ) . dragonfly nymphs are aquatic and after completing a number of developmental stages , they emerge from the water and moult into an adult dragonfly . the newly emerged dragonfly matures and gains its unique colouring before breeding ( 2 ) .
the flight period for adult red - veined dropwings is throughout the year , although they are more commonly seen during the summer months , perched prominently on vegetation at the waters edge ( 2 ) . perching is thought to help the red - veined dropwing locate and catch prey and allows the male red - veined dropwing to lookout for female mates and intruders ( 3 ) ( 9 ) .
male red - veined dropwings are very territorial , and can battle with other males of the same species for around 20 minutes . the defender often flies tightly around the intruder , known as ‘spinning’ , and attempts to force the intruder to fly upwards . these conflicts often cause severe wing damage and wing condition deteriorates with age ( 9 ) .
widespread and common in africa , the red - veined dropwing is particularly abundant in southern africa ( 2 ) ( 5 ) and can also be found across southern europe and parts of the middle east ( 1 ) .
the red - veined dropwing can be found in most aquatic habitats including swamps , marshes , reedy pools , streams , slow - moving rivers and , in arid regions , salt pans ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) . breeding is known to take place in temporary pools where aquatic larvae have been found buried up to 30 centimetres in the water bed ( 6 ) .
the red - veined dropwing is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
the red - veined dropwing is currently an abundant and widespread species and is not considered to be under threat ( 1 ) .
as a common and widespread species , there are no conservation measures in place for the red - veined dropwing ( 1 ) . however , the red - veined dropwing is sensitive to changes in water quality and can be used as an indicator species for permanent water sources ( 5 ) .
simaica , j . p . ( 2008 ) conservation biogeography of south african dragonflies ( odonata ) . department of conservation ecology and entomology , stellenbosch university . available at : urltoken
abdomen in arthropods ( crustaceans , insects and arachnids ) the abdomen is the hind region of the body , which is usually segmented to a degree ( but not visibly in most spiders ) . in crustacea ( such as crabs ) , some of the limbs attach to the abdomen ; in insects the limbs are attached to the thorax ( the part of the body nearest to the head ) and not the abdomen . indicator species any species that provides a guide to the condition of its habitat . invertebrates animals with no backbone , such as insects , crustaceans , worms , molluscs , spiders , cnidarians ( jellyfish , corals , sea anemones ) and echinoderms . larvae the stage in an animal’s lifecycle after it hatches from the egg . larvae are typically very different in appearance to adults ; they are able to feed and move around but usually are unable to reproduce . moult in insects , a stage of growth whereby the hard outer layer of the body ( the exoskeleton ) is shed and the body becomes larger . nymph stage of insect development , similar in appearance to the adult but sexually immature and without wings . the adult form is reached via a series of moults , and the wings develop externally as the nymph grows . territorial describes an animal , a pair of animals or a group that occupies and defends an area .
samways , m . j . ( 2008 ) the dragonflies and damselflies of south africa . pensoft publishers , bulgaria .
picker , m . , griffiths , c . and weaving , a . ( 2004 ) field guide to insects of south africa . struik publishers , cape town , south africa .
grunwell , m . j . ( 2010 ) dragonflies and damselflies in the state of qatar . journal of the qatar natural history group . 3 : 2 - 15 . available at : urltoken
bitzer , r . j . ( 2003 ) odonates of the middle east and their potential as biological indicators for restoring the mesopotamian marshlands of southern iraq . report for the eden again project to restore the mesopotamian marshlands , department of entomology , iowa state university , iowa . available at : urltoken
jacana media ( 2004 ) lowveld and kruger guide . jacana media , johannesburg , south africa .
tudge , c . ( 2000 ) the variety of life . oxford university press , united kingdom .
tarboton , w . and tarboton , m . ( 2009 ) red - veined dropwings : how long do they live ? agrion newsletter of the worldwide dragonfly association . 13 ( 2 ) : 48 - 49 .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more


isomma is a genus of dragonflies in the family gomphidae .

it is endemic to madagascar and contains only two species : isomma elouardi legrand , 2003 isomma hieroglyphicum selys , 1892

isomma

isomma elouardi occurs on madagascar , but the range of the species is unknown .
scattered collection localities are known for isomma hieroglyphicum , in eastern madagascar from the north to the south of the island .
isomma is a genus of dragonfly in the family gomphidae . it is endemic to madagascar and contains only two species :
justification : only the type specimens with type locality
madagascar
are known for isomma elouardi . therefore the species cannot be assessed in any category other than data deficient .
justification : in the 2006 red list assessment for isomma hieroglyphicum , the species was assessed as data deficient . new records were available for the previous assessment ( 2008 ) from scattered localities in eastern madagascar from the north to the south of the island . therefore the species is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened or the near threatened category . no new records can be added for this assessment . therefore the species is assessed as least concern .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
schorr , m . and paulson , d . 2017 . world odonata list . revision 18 march 2017 . tacoma , washington , usa available at : urltoken .
based on the biology of the family , this species is likely to use small streams and rivers .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
small streams and rivers . specimens in southeastern madagascar were observed along running waters in forested areas .
the species may be affected by deforestation in the region , but more data are required to confirm this .
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unuh ask me and me we tell unuh caah tek the one bagga writing completely waste a mi time yaah man . but about what am looking for : if your the gangster type of guy who ' s rocking your pants below your
i love athletics , crafts and painting ! i just moved to the area . i love being an electrician and working with animals . i love california but i am originally from missouri . i work hard and sometimes
we will tell you what you need in a relationship , where you screwed up ( without knowing it ) in past relationships and a customized action plan to make your next relationship successful .
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