sphyraena sphyraena , the european barracuda or mediterranean barracuda , is a ray-finned predatory fish of the mediterranean basin and the warmer waters of the atlantic ocean .

sphyraena sphyraena

jennifer hammock split the classifications by inventaire national du patrimoine naturel from sphyraena sphyraena ( linnaeus , 1758 ) to their own page .
there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for sphyraena sphyraena , however , the range for this species overlaps with a number of marine protected areas .
sphyraena sphyraena is normally a pelagic species found high in the water column , but smaller fish are often found near the bottom of the water column . the main food is other fish but sometimes includes cephalopods and crustaceans . they are a social species and large groups of sphyraena sphyraena could number between ten and a few hundred .
the genus sphyraena belongs to the family sphyraenidae , the order perciformes , class actinopterygii , phylum chordata and kingdom animalia . the genus sphyraena is the only genus in the family sphyraenidae .
justification : sphyraena sphyraena is widespread and relatively common throughout the mediterranean . it is a commercial species but there are no serious threats at present . therefore , it is listed as least concern .
( of sphyraena sphyraena bocagei osório , 1891 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
its habits are probably similar to those of the phylogenetically closely related sphyraena sphyraena ( ref . 6949 ) . feeds on cephalopods , crustaceans and fishes . caught in trammel nets and beach seines ( ref . 11101 ) .
eastern central atlantic : cape verde and the canary islands . also reported from lebanon in the eastern mediterranean . its exact distribution and abundance are unknown because most published records do not separate it from sphyraena sphyraena . also in azores islands ( ref . 44330 ) .
indo - west pacific : red sea and east africa to new caledonia and vanuatu , north to southern japan . reported from fiji and tuvalu ( ref . 12596 ) . the exact range is uncertain because of confusion of this species with sphyraena jello and sphyraena qenie ( ref . 9768 ) .
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johann julius walbaum first described sphyraena barracuda in 1792 . the genus sphyraena is latin meaning a pike - like fish . synonyms include s . picuda bloch and schneider 1801 , s . picuda picuda bloch and schneider 1801 , s . becuna cuvier 1829 , s . commersonii cuvier 1829 , and s . dussumieri valenciennes 1831 .
to cite this page : fuller , b . 2000 .
sphyraena barracuda
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
( of esox sphyraena linnaeus , 1758 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of sphyraena bocagei osório , 1891 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of sphyraena vulgaris cuvier , 1829 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of sphyraena brachygnathos bleeker , 1855 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of sphyraena brachygnathus bleeker , 1855 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of sphyraena chinensis lacepède , 1803 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of sphyraena obtusa cuvier , 1829 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
supino , f . 1920 . la sphyraena spet lac . note morfologiche e comparative . rc . ist . iomb . sci . lett . , ( 2 ) 53 : pp . 353 - 358 , 1 fig .
( of sphyraena spet ( lacepède , 1803 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
sphyraena sphyraena has a long , fairly compressed body which is covered with small , smooth scales . it has a large mouth with a projecting lower jaw . the jaws are lined with prominent sharp teeth . it is dark above and silvery below with a yellow band running parallel to the lateral line . they are normally around 30 to 60 cm in length and weigh 6 kg but there are records of fish 165 cm long and reaching weights of 12 kg or more .
dorsal spines ( total ) : 6 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 9 ; anal spines : 2 ; anal soft rays : 8 . diagnosis : 102 - 119 scales in lateral line ; no chevrons on the flanks or , if present , not so well marked as in sphyraena afra ( ref . 57401 ) .
( of esox sphyraena linnaeus , 1758 ) linnaeus , c . ( 1758 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata . laurentius salvius : holmiae . ii , 824 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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de morais , l . , smith - vaniz , w . f . , kara , m . , yokes , b . , pollard , d . , carpenter , k . e . & de bruyne , g .
are declared from the eastern central atlantic ( eca ) fishing zone . the overall trend in declared landings is one of increase from the late 1980s onwards . landings from the mediterranean and black sea represent five to 10 % of total recent landings . the overall trend in declared landings of
barracuda
in the mediterranean and black sea is one of increase to a peak of roughly 5 , 602 tonnes in 1994 , followed by a period of decline and stabilization around 2 , 000 tonnes from the late 1990s to 1 , 000 tonnes in 2010 to 2011 ( fao 2011 ) . global catch production for
. the catch peaked in 2006 at 398 tonnes and fluctuated through 2010 ( fao 2011 ) . however , this may be due to increasing recording from different countries and also increases in other species ( including in the catch figures for
the global aggregate catch production for barracuda species in the eca increased from 1950 to the 1970s , peaking in 1974 at 25 , 686 tonnes . the catch fluctuated in the late 1970s and early 1980s and decreased by 60 % from 1982 to 1985 . global catch production in the area subsequently fluctuated from 1985 to 1995 and continued to increase in 1996 into the 2000s . it peaked in 2010 at 33 , 340 tonnes , a 23 % increase from the peak in 1974 . the majority of landings are declared by nigeria . nigerian catches alone increased 75 % from 1982 to 1985 ( fao 2011 ) .
is a commercially important species . it is a component of both artisanal fisheries and recreational fisheries . in turkey , israel and tunisia ( fao region 37 ) , up to 1 , 000 tons are landed per year .
is captured by artisanal fishing practices with purse seines , gillnets , handlines and trolling lines . in turkey , israel and tunisia ( fao area 37 ) , up to 1 , 000 tons are landed per year . it appears regularly in the markets of algeria and morocco , where it is highly regarded , and occasionally in other markets in the area . this species is marketed fresh ( fischer
feeds almost exclusively on small pelagic fishes . the primary components of the diet include commercially - important clupeids and the commercially important
de morais , l . , smith - vaniz , w . f . , kara , m . , yokes , b . , pollard , d . , carpenter , k . e . & de bruyne , g . 2015 .
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brian , a . ( 1902 ) . note su alcuni crostacei parassiti dei pesci del mediterraneo . atti della società ligustica di scienze naturali e geografiche 13 : 30 - 45 , pl . 1 ( sep . : 3 - 18 , pl . 1 ) . ( also in : boll . musei lab . zool . anat . comp . r . univ . genova , 115 : 1 - 16 , pl . 1 ) . [ details ]
ho , j . s . & j . rokicki . ( 1987 ) . poecilostomatoid copepods parasitic on fishes off the west coast of africa . journal of natural history , london 21 : 1025 - 1034 . [ details ]
. raffaele , 1888 : 64 | lo bianco , 1909 : 753 | vialli , 1937 , pl . 35 ( fig . 10 - 20 ) ; 1956 : 457 | marinaro , 1971 : 22 , pl . 4 ( fig . 1 ) .
* lacepède , b . 1798 - 1803 . histoire naturelle des poissons , 5 vol . in - 4 , paris . i : 1798 , 8 + cxlvii + 532 pp . , 25 pl . , 1 tabl . ( inset ) ; ii : 1800 , ixiv + 632 pp . , 20 pl . ; iii : 1801 , 558 pp . , 34 pl . ; iv : 1802 , xliv + 728 pp . , 16 pl . ; v : 1803 , xlviii + 803 pp . , 21 pl .
ancona , u . d ' ; sanzo , l . ; sparta , a . ; bertolini , f . ; ranzi , s . ; montalenti , g . ; vialli , m . ; padoa , e . ; tortonese , e . 1931 - 1956 . uova , larve e stadi giovanili di teleostei ; monografia eborata con l ' uso del materiale raccolto e seriato da salvatore lo bianco . fauna flora golfo napoli , 38 monografia . 1 , 1931 : 1 - 177 , fig . 1 - 166 , pl . i - xi ; 2 , 1933 : 178 - 384 , fig . 167 - 263 , pl . xii - xxx ; 3 ( 1 ) , 1937 : 385 - 456 , fig . 264286 , pl . xxxi - xxxv ; 3 ( 2 ) , 1956 : 457 - 1064 , fig . 287 - 831 , pl . xxxvi - li .
bauzá - rullán , j . 1960a . contribución al conocimiento de otolitos de peces . boln r . soc . esp . hist . nat . ( biol . ) , 57 , 1959 : 89 - 118 , pl . i - viii .
bini , g . 1967 - 1972 . atlante dei pesci delle coste italiane . mondo sommerso , milano , 9 vol : i , 1967 , leptocardi , ciclostomi , selaci , 206 pp . , 66 fig . + 64 col . fig . ii , 1971 , osteitti ( acipenseriformi , clupeiformi , mictofiformi , anguilliformi ) , 300 pp . , 73 col . fig . iii , 1970 , notacantiformi . . . zeiformi , 229 pp . , 34 fig . + 63 col . fig . iv , 1968 , perciformi ( mugiloidei , percoidei ) , 163 pp . , 34 fig . + 49 col . fig . v , 1968 , perciformi ( percoidei ) , 175 pp . , 22 fig . + 56 col . fig . vi , 1968 , perciformi ( trichiuroidei . . . blennioidei ) , 177 pp . , 48 fig + 57 col . fig . vii , 1969 , perciformi ( ofidioidei . . . dactilopteroidei ) , 196 pp . , 57 fig . + 59 col . fig . viii , 1968 , pleuronettiformi , echeniformi , gobioesociformi , tetraodontiformi , lofiformi , 164 pp . , 34 + 63 fig . ix , 1972 , introduzione . parte generale . aggiornamenti . indici . 176 p .
cadenat , j . 1964a . les sphyraenidae de la côte occidentale d ' afrique . bull . inst . fr . afr . noire , ( a ) 26 ( 2 ) : 659 - 685 , 5 pl .
dieuzeide , r . ; novella , m . ( collab . j . roland ) , 1953 - 1955 . catalogue des poissons des côtes algériennes . bull . stn aquic . pêch . castiglione , i ( n . s . ) , ( 4 ) , 1952 [ 1953 ] : pp . 1 - 135 , 73 fig . n . num . ; ii ( n . s . ) , ( 5 ) , 1953 [ 1954 ] : pp . 1 - 258 , 135 fig . n . num . ; iii ( n . s . ) , ( 6 ) , 1954 [ 1955 ] : pp . 1 - 384 , 202 fig . n . num .
fowler , h . w . 1936 . the marine fishes of west africa , based on the collection of the american museum congo expedition 1909 - 1915 . bull . am . mus . nat . hist . , 70 ( 1 ) , jan . 21 , 1936 : pp . vii + 1 - 606 , fig . 1 - 275 ; ( 2 ) , nov . 18 , 1936 : pp . 607 - 1493 , fig . 276 - 567 .
jordan , d . s . ; evermann , b . w . 1896 - 1900 . the fishes of north and middle america , a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish - like vertebrates found in the waters of north america , north of the isthmus of panama . bull . u . s . natn . mus . , ( 47 ) , part i , 1896 : ix + 1 - 1240 ; part ii , 1898 : xxx + 1241 - 2183 ; part iii , 1898 : xxiv + 2184 - 3136 ; part iv , 1900 : ci + 3137 - 3313 , 391 pl . ( 958 fig . ) .
linnaeus , c . 1758 . systema naturae , ed . x , vol . 1 , 824 pp . nantes & pisces : pp . 230 - 338 . ( reprint , 1956 , london . )
lo bianco , s . 1909 . notizie biologiche riguardanti specialmente il periodo di maturita sessuale degli animali del golfo di napoli . mitt . zool stn neapel , 19 : pp . 513 - 761 .
marinaro , j . y . 1971 . contribution à l ' étude des ïufs et larves pélagiques de poissons méditerranéens . v . ( îufs pélagiques de la baie d ' alger . pelagos , bull . inst . océanogr . alger , 3 ( 1 ) : pp . 1 - 115 , 18 fig . , 27 pl .
moreau , e . 1881 - 1891 . histoire naturelle des poissons de la france , paris , i , 1881 : pp . i - vii + 1 - 480 , fig . 1 - 82 ; ii , 1881 : pp . 1 - 572 , fig . 83 - 145 ; iii , 1881 : pp . 1 - 697 , fig . 146 - 220 ; suppl . , 1891 : pp . 1 - 144 , fig . 221 - 227 .
raffaele , f . 1888 . le uova galleggianti e le larve dei teleostei nel golfo di napoli . mitt . zool . stn neapel , 8 : 84 p . , 5 pl .
sanz echeverria , j . 1926 . datos sobre el otolito , sagitta de los peces de españa . boln r . soc . esp . hist . nat . , 26 ( 1 ) : pp . 145 - 160 , 71 fig .
soljan , t . 1963 . fishes of the adriatic ( ribe jadrana ) . fauna et flora adriatica 1 ( revised and enlarged for the english edition ) , 428 pp . , many unnumbered fig .
svetovidov , a . n . 1964 . rîbî chernogo morya . [ the fishes of the black sea ] . opred faune sssr , 86 : pp . 1 - 552 , fig . 1 - 191 ( in russian ) .
vialli , m . 1937 . percesoces ( atherinidae , mugilidae , sphyraenidae in uova , larve e stadi giovanili di teleostei . fauna flora golfo napoli , 38 : 412 - 460 , fig . 278 - 286 , pl . xxxiv - xxxv .
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the barracuda ( sphyraenus , family sphyraenidae ) is a ray - finned fish notable for its large size ( up to 1 . 8 m or 5 ft ) and fearsome appearance . the one genus of the family includes about 25 known species .
the barracuda body is elongated , with the lower jaw of the large mouth jutting out , and displaying prominent fang - shaped teeth . the two dorsal fins are widely separated , with the first having five spines and the second one spine and nine soft rays . the lateral line is prominent .
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the sea around fuerteventura is much cooler than many people expect due to the cold canary current , which brings cool water down from northern europe . it is this temperate water that gives the island its world famous climate , for without it , temperatures would be much higher and the archipelago much dryer than it is .
whales , dolphins and turtles are frequent visitors and big game fishermen have set world records off its coasts . close to the shore , colourful shoals of parrotfish graze on rocks that harbour moray eels and brightly coloured wrasse and damsel fish . seahorses live in the seagrass and huge rays patrol the bottom . octopus and cuttlefish are abundant , along with an almost infinite variety of smaller organisms , such as brightly coloured sea urchins , crabs and sponges .
spaisoma ( euscarus ) cretense this is the single most famous fish species around fuerteventura . a sexually dimorphic species , the female being brightly decorated with red , yellow and blue and the male a drab greyish brown . while juveniles are often seen alone , larger viejas group together , sometimes in schools of several hundred , to feed over rocky bottoms down to 50m . feeds on invertebrates and especially crabs , relying on its prominent beak - like teeth .
the most characteristic canarian fish much sought after by divers and fishermen alike the vieja remains an important commercial species despite heavy overfishing . a reduction in the use of nasa fish traps has seen an increase in the population around gran canaria . traditionally fished for from small craft using salted crabs on large hooks and a rod tipped with a stingray tail .
liza aurata the most common of several mullet species around the island , the golden mullet is often seen in harbours and close to the shore . large shoals are often encountered and large specimens are found grazing in very shallow water . an algae and debris feeder , it can be attracted with bread and , while not often consumed in the canaries , is a challenging fish to catch .
abudefduf luridus small but spectacular , the black damsel fish is found almost everywhere but especially over rocky and weedy bottoms in shallow water . its bright blue colour and trusting nature make it a diving favourite . it can sometimes be tempted to feed from the hand and is often seen along harbour walls and in rockpools . males develop orange patches during the breeding season .
thalassoma pavo one of the commonest and most beautiful fish in canarian waters the peacock wrasse is often found in mixed shoals along with the black damsel fish and band - tail chromis . found everywhere except over pure sand bottoms from the inter - tidal zone down to depths of 200m . males are larger with more distinctive coloration and , like many wrasse , this species can change sex .
at night , giant manta rays sometimes come into harbours to feed around lights . a torch shone down the walls will reveal goldfish - like cardinal fish and the larger red and white glasseyes , which have large eyes that glow in torchlight . black and silver bream or ‘sargos’ are much more active at night and large , mixed groups can often be located with a torch .
heteropriacanthus cruentatus common but nocturnal , the glasseye is found hiding in caves during the day and allows divers to approach closely . common in the cracks and crevices of harbour walls and manmade structures . like the vieja , the glasseye is susceptible to crustacean parasites . an attractive species with limited interest as a sport fish .
polyprion americanus a deep sea species found from gibraltar to southern angola the wreckfish is an important commercial and food fish in the canary islands . found between 200m and 800m most wreckfish caught around the canaries are much smaller than the maximum .
pseudolepidaplois scrofa found on rocky and mixed bottoms down to 150m the hogfish is an important species for traditional fishermen , even though it is listed as threatened . an attractive species , it is rarely seen by snorkelers as it prefers deeper waters . often seen in the mixed catch of small fishing vessels arriving back in port on fuerteventura .
a trip on an inter - island ferry or a water - taxi can often be a rewarding experience for those looking for wildlife . a variety of shearwaters and petrels will be seen , flying close to the water’s surface . some , such as the white - faced storm petrel are very rare and breed only on one or two of the canary islands . graceful terns are often seen around the coast , and a group of them plunging into the sea to catch small fish is a beautiful sight .
dolphins and porpoises are common in our waters and often ride the bow waves of ferries . among the larger cetaceans , pilot whales are common and sperm and killer whales are often seen off the fuerteventura coast along with risso’s dolphin . several species of turtle visit and are occasionally washed up after becoming trapped in fishing nets or fouled with oil .
other creatures that are sighted from boats include blue and hammerhead sharks , portuguese man of war jellyfish , flying fish and manta rays .
belone belone gracilis small shoals of this curious fish appear close to the shore around fuerteventura in the summer months . rarely seen more than a few centimetres from the surface the greenbone garfish is often missed by divers and snorkelers . good eating despite its slender build and green bones .
katsuwonus pelamis a small , schooling tunnid that runs in canary waters through the summer and autumn . an important commercial and sporting species the skipjack is traditionally caught with rod and line from small offshore craft . a voracious fish eater that is particularly fond of bogues .
thunnus alalunga one of several large pelagic and epipelagic tunnid species common in canarian waters at certain times of year along with the yellowfin , big - eye and bluefin tuna . all are important commercial and sport fish and can be caught from chartered sport fishing craft in the south of gran canaria .
pseudocaranx dentex an epibenthic to pelagic species found down to depths of 100m , the guelly jack is a powerful predatory fish at the top of the coastal food chain . once a common species , it has been overfished to the point where it is rarely seen . juveniles are sometimes still found around mooring buoys and sometimes “adopt” divers and snorkelers , as well as large fish such as saddled bream
scomber japonicus one of two mackerel species present in canarian waters at certain times of year along with the frigate tuna . both are fished commercially and are good fishing from small craft . large schools of small chub mackerel are sometimes found close to the shore often in the company of bogues .
makaira nigricans an oceanic species reaching 650kg that is quite common around the canary islands and an important sport fish . several blue marlin world records have been broken around the archipelago and the waters of the canaries are famous for their large specimens . chartered fishing boats operating from the harbours of the island seek out this species . the physically similar swordfish is also occasionally caught although it prefers warmer waters .
exocetus volitans a curious species found in small groups close to the surface . capable of leaping clear of the water and “flying” up to 100m using its elongated pectoral fins . a plankton feeder that is hunted by tuna , the flying fish is often seen flying away from boats and ferries around fuerteventura .
a wide selection of shells and other objects can be collected from fuerteventura’s beaches , especially after storms . among the most common are cuttlefish bones , well known due to their use as a source of calcium for canaries . they often wash up on beaches and are more often seen that the living creature . delicate spiral ramshorns also come from a seldom seen squid and are very common along the strand line . also common are the very delicate lilac shells of the janthinidae , which live under a raft of bubbles , only washing up on the shore after stormy weather .
stranded jellyfish also wash up , sometimes in large numbers , and should not be handled as they are still capable of stinging . common shells to be found empty along the coastline of the canaries include sea urchins carapaces without the spines . these can be green , purple or brown and are as beautiful as they are fragile .
venus ear shells are easily recognisable , with one side covered in mother of pearl . the living venus ear lives stuck under rocks , emerging after dark to graze on algae . limpets , winkles and dog whelks are common all around the canaries , while cowries , mussels , cockles and scallops also turn up . goose barnacles can be found attached to almost any piece of floating debris that has been in the water for a decent length of time .
rockpools are perhaps the best place to see a wide selection of sealife without the need to get too wet . low tide leaves large areas of rock exposed around the coast , trapping animals that cannot normally be seen without a mask and snorkel . in general , the less time rocks are exposed to the air , the more life is found on and among them . especially low spring and neap tides expose areas that are usually underwater and these can yield very rich pickings for the naturalist . some caution is needed when exploring rockpools , as the tide comes in fast and exposed rocks can be very slippery .
a few of the animals that are found can also cause damage . sea urchin spines snap off under the skin and cause painful injuries , while the red and white bristleworms to be found under rocks are best avoided , as their bristles irritate the skin . brown sea cucumbers exude a white fluid when handled , which is very hard t o remove from skin or clothing .
small scorpionfish , often trapped in rockpools , have poisonous spines and large crabs can deliver nasty nips with their powerful claws . it is always best merely to observe any creatures found , as much for the observer’s benefit as their own . do not forget to replace any rocks that you turn over and make sure any shells you take home do not already have a rightful owner , as hermit crabs are plentiful around fuerteventura .
even the smallest and shallowest rockpool is likely to have fish living in it . gobies and blennies are small specialists in this particular habitat and , with patience , can be tempted to take bread or squid from the hand . baby mullet and sucker fish are also often found in the smallest pool . in deeper pools closer to the low tide mark , the number of fish species to be found increases . fulas and pejeverdes are common , while small sargos , mullet , grouper , wrasse and scorpionfish are also evident . in deep pools with caves , moray eels lurk , along with larger grouper and a wide variety of other fish .
other organisms to be found in rockpools include small , transparent shrimps which will often come and nibble on a foot left in the water , a variety of crabs , including the hairy ‘jaca’ , which is very tasty and much sought after . grey sea hares , with black circular marks , and sea cucumbers are often found in cracks and caves , along with a wide variety of urchins , sponges and anemones . a careful search among the seaweed will often reveal small but brightly coloured sea slugs and starfish .
bright red sally lightfoot crabs are easily spotted on exposed rocks , but are very shy . they are caught in the canaries with bait wrapped in a ball of rough thread , which tangles up their claws . at night , tubeworms extend their delicate fans and pluck small morsels from the water and crabs come out to feed , safe from the sleeping seabirds . perhaps the best way to find rockpool inhabitants is to turn over rocks and stones . this should be done very sparingly and the rocks carefully replaced as many of the creatures found under them are killed by sunlight . many rocks also have sea urchins underneath them .
look out for brightly coloured orange and yellow sponges , shy peacrabs and the highly mobile bristlestars , which will wriggle off as soon as they detect light .
while a wide selection of marine life can be seen from above the surface , taking the plunge and joining it underwater opens up an entirely new world . snorkel kits are widely available in most shopping centres and are very reasonably priced although , for the sake of comfort , it is often best to spend a little more than the minimum . there are dive centres in most resorts and they cater for a wide range of abilities , from absolute novices to experienced divers . in some areas , there are commercial glass - bottomed boats and even submarines , which allow you to experience the underwater world without getting wet and with the added bonus of an experienced guide .
diplodus sargus cadenati the most common of a number of sea breams around fuerteventura , the white sea bream is present almost everywhere . it forms small shoals of different sized individuals which will often follow divers . once heavily fished , especially by speargunners , it remains an important commercial and sport fish , best sought after at night . the similar annular sea bream is smaller and closely linked to sandy bottoms and seagrass beds .
diplodus cervinus cervinus the largest commonly encountered canarian sea bream , the zebra sea bream is a spectacular if retiring species , especially when adult . small shoals and pairs are often found over rocky and mixed bottoms down to 100m . smaller specimens are more brightly coloured and are found closer to the shore . a good , if hard to catch sport fish that has suffered at the hands of speargunners .
diplodus vulgaris a common and easily recognised species , the 2 - banded sea bream is found over all bottoms . usually seen alone or in pairs , the juveniles group together in mixed shoals along with other sea breams . rarely larger than 20cm in fuerteventuran waters , it is of limited commercial and sport fishing interest .
sarpa salpa one of the most frequently encountered fish in fuerteventuran waters , the salema forms large uniform schools close to the shore . in bright light , they appear blue with fine yellow stripes . a grazing species its abundance may be due to the unpleasant muddy flavour of its flesh . a good sport fish that is attracted to bread and is not afraid of divers bearing food .
boops boops a very common species that has benefited from the overfishing of its predators . bogue populations can assumes almost plague proportions in some areas . rarely eaten as it is traditionally considered a dirty fish that feeds on the corpses of fishermen . found in open water down to 250m . an important bait fish for tunny fishing .
gobius paganellus one of several goby species common in shallow water and the intertidal zone . best observed at low tide when they hunt fearlessly in rockpools gobies will happily eat almost anything offered to them . of no interest to fishermen due to their small size , gobies are occasionally caught accidentally .
coryphoblennius galerita several similar blenny species are found in shallow waters and rockpools around fueeteventura . more sinuous than the gobies , blennies are also more wary . extremely common in some areas blennies are of no interest to fishermen due to their small size .
trypterygion tripteronotus a tiny but spectacular species this blenny is found in pairs in shallow water over rocky bottoms . the brightly coloured male is instantly recognisable due to its black head and orange body . pugnacious despite its size it sometimes attacks divers’ fingers , especially during the breeding season .
ophioblennius atlanticus atlanticus the largest of the gobies and blennies around the canaries the rubber eye is recognised by its cream head and almost black body . populations can be quite dense on exposed rocky bottoms covered with diadema sea urchins and on harbour walls . aggressive with its own kind , the rubber eye is unafraid of divers . it is very seldom caught , even by accident , by fishermen .
even areas of completely bare sand support specialist animals . small flatfish rise from the bottom if the swimmer gets too close and are well worth observing for their curious form of locomotion . they are often seen in pairs and are surprisingly curious and unafraid of divers . they have a habit of settling on the bottom and disappearing in a puff of sand , leaving only their protruding eyes above the sand .
xyrichthys novacula the cleaver wrasse is an attractive species linked to sandy bottoms and sea grass beds , where it can be quite frequent . if disturbed it has the ability to burrow into the sand faster than the eye can follow . a favourite food of dolphins which have been observed burrowing into the sand to capture them . a good food fish with firm , white flesh .
lithognathus mormyrus found strictly close to sandy bottoms , the herrera can form large schools of similar sized individuals . fond of bare sand bottoms exposed to breaking waves it is recognised by its elongated body , numerous pale bands and large white lips . large specimens are often encountered close to the shore . the herrera is an excellent sport and eating fish aught with rod and line from the shore or from small craft .
synodus saurus found on rocky and sandy bottoms down to 100m the lizard fish is a voracious predator that will consume anything that fits into its considerable mouth . cannibalism is not uncommon and they have been known to swallow small fish hooked by fishermen , releasing them when pulled out of the water . easily recognised due to their shape , lizard fish are most often observed lying motionless and half buried on the bottom . a similar species is found in deeper waters .
trachinus draco the fish species most likely to injure swimmers in the canary islands the greater weever lives on sandy bottoms down to 50m . small specimens are found buried in the sand in shallow water and have venomous dorsal spines that deliver a powerful sting to anyone unwary enough to tread on them . an attractive species with blue markings and a black dorsal fin that is understandably unafraid of divers .
bothus podas maderensis common on sandy bottoms down to 90m , this is a subspecies endemic to the canaries and madeira . small specimens are often seen in shallow water close to beaches . instantly recognisable , the flounder is unafraid of divers and a charismatic fish . often caught from small craft by rod and line fishermen fishing on the bottom large examples make for good eating . the flounder’s local name of “tapaculo” translates as “buttock cover” .
among the most remarkable seagrass specialist is the seahorse , very common in some areas but hard to spot and very shy . patches of floating seagrass uprooted during storms often harbour its relative the pipefish , just as shy and very well camouflaged . another notable inhabitant in the culebre , a type of eel that looks exactly like a sea snake . it often shelters in sunken car tyres and is a harmless , retiring fish . another eel lives in colonies of several hundred and spends its life half buried in the sand . if a diver approaches too closely , the eels will disappear , emerging when the coast is clear .
stephanolepsis hispidus a common and trusting fish the yellow trigger fish is unmistakeable when encountered . while seemingly slow moving it is capable of speed if threatened . a popular food fish that must have its leathery skin removed before cooking . difficult to catch with rod and line due to its powerful teeth and patient nature it is a famous baitstealer .
mullus surmuletus closely linked to sandy bottoms and seagrass beds , the red mullet is often found digging in the sand for invertebrates . indifferent to divers it is recognised by its prominent white barbells and elongated body . an important food fish wherever it is found the red mullet is rarely caught by rod and line fishermen in the canaries .
hippocampus hippocampus a small and rarely seen species , the seahorse is found in seagrass beds and on weedy bottoms between 8cm and 12cm . considered rare , it is so seldom observed due to its excellent camouflage and slow movements that its exact status is unknown . the closely related pipefish also occurs around fuerteventura and can be observed around floating mats of seagrass .
caves are also the best place to see sea urchins , in a variety of colours , sea anemones , sea cucumbers , sea hares and sponges . long - spined black sea urchins are common and have assumed plague proportions in some areas , grazing so intensively that algae has no chance to grow . areas of white rock covered in urchins are called urchin bights and tend to support fewer fish than areas without urchins . part of the problem is the overfishing of predators such as triggerfish and triton shells , which keep urchin numbers under control . some divers crush these urchins whenever they can in a bid to control them but this is not advisable , as the spines are poisonous . the urchin’s long spines also provide a home for a variety of juvenile animals and small creatures , such as shrimps and spider crabs .
epinephelus marginatus one of the stars of the diving world in the canary islands , the dusky grouper is easily tamed and will feed from divers’ hands . groups of different sized individuals are often found sharing the same cave . an important commercial fish that has is now listed as threatened as it is an easy and attractive target for spear gun fishermen and has been severely overfished .
mycteroperca fusca a benthic species that found down to 150m and quite common in places . juveniles are often seen by divers and snorkelers and a spectacular , bright yellow morph is sometimes found . threatened by over fishing and indiscriminate spear gun fishing , the comb grouper is an important sporting and commercial species .
chromis limbatus similar to the previous species but usually found at greater depths the band - tail chromis can form large schools in open water above rocky bottoms . males develop purple backs during the breeding season . a common species seen on most dives , often in large numbers . one of the few species to thrive over rocks infested with diadema sea urchins .
pomadasys incisus a common species known locally as the snorer due to the audible noises it makes when caught . large banks of bastard grunts are often found close to the shore and are unafraid of divers . a good sport and eating fish that is abundant partly because it rarely enters fish traps . the related striped grunt is found in small colonies between 20m and 150m . it is used by fishermen as a marker species as it lives closely linked to underwater reefs .
canthigaster rostrata a common shallow water species that is not afraid of divers , the sharpnose pufferfish can inflate its body with water if threatened . considered poisonous by some , it is sometimes eaten after careful cleaning . a major baitstealer and linebreaker due to its powerful front teeth , it is considered a pest by fishermen .
scorpaena scrofa one of two similar scorpionfish fund in shallow water over rocky and weedy bottoms but also down to 200m . both rely on their excellent camouflage for defence and hunting and have poisonous spines . scorpion fish are often caught by rod and line fishermen and are good eating , especially in fish soups .
fish farming is becoming an important industry around the archipelago and will eventually be widespread enough to cope with the demand for fresh fish . it has had unforeseen consequences , as several of the species farmed are not naturally found around the islands and have escaped . the impact of these alien species is not yet understood and could seriously affect populations of native species .
overfishing is , however , still a threat to some species and those that feed off them . whitebait netting has been banned for several years after these fish were almost driven to extinction and the jurel , a kind of jack , has almost completely disappeared from some islands due to its affinity for fish traps .
rubbish generated by the 10m tourists passing through the islands every year also has a detrimental effect on sealife . turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish and swallow them and along with birds , get tangled in fishing line and plastic rings from drinks cans . the deforestation of mountain areas and continued hotel development mean rainwater erodes the soil and washes it into the sea , where it clouds the water and prevents light - dependent organisms from growing , as well as reducing visibility for the diver .
fuerteventura hotels for the cheapest prices search our database to find the best hotels and prices for the times you can take your holiday www . fuerteventura - hotels
greek , sphyraina , - es = the name of a fish ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; pelagic - neritic ; depth range 0 - 100 m ( ref . 27000 ) , usually ? - 50 m ( ref . 6949 ) . subtropical ; 48°n - 18°s , 31°w - 37°e
eastern atlantic : bay of biscay to mossamedes , angola , including the mediterranean and black sea , canary islands , and azores . western atlantic : bermuda and brazil .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 165 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 3397 ) ; common length : 60 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 11101 ) ; max . published weight : 3 . 6 kg ( ref . 40637 )
found in coastal and offshore waters ( ref . 2683 ) . feeds mostly on fish , less often on cephalopods and crustaceans ( ref . 11101 ) .
de sylva , d . p . , 1990 . sphyraenidae . p . 860 - 864 . in j . c . quero , j . c . hureau , c . karrer , a . post and l . saldanha ( eds . ) check - list of the fishes of the eastern tropical atlantic ( clofeta ) . jnict , lisbon ; sei , paris ; and unesco , paris . vol . 2 . ( ref . 6949 )
) : 14 . 3 - 21 . 9 , mean 18 . 3 ( based on 126 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00776 ( 0 . 00622 - 0 . 00968 ) , b = 2 . 93 ( 2 . 88 - 2 . 98 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 0 ±0 . 51 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( k = 0 . 123 ; tmax > 8 yrs ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 49 of 100 ) .
this species is relatively common throughout most of the mediterranean , but there is likely to have been a confusion between this species and s . viridensis ( p . francour pers . comm . 2007 ) . it is rare in the black sea , common in the sea of marmara , and more common in the aegean ( b . yokes pers . comm . 2007 ) . food and agriculture organization ( fao ) landings figures are available from ten countries , but not specifically for this species ( all barracuda are lumped into the statistics ) . overall there is an increasing trend to these figures . however , this may be due to increasing recording from different countries and also increases in other species ( including in the catch figures for s . chrysotaenia and s . flavicauda , both immigrant species from the red sea ) .
this is an epipelagic species , found in coastal and offshore waters ( schneider 1990 ) . it feeds mostly on fish , less often on cephalopods and crustaceans ( ben - tuvia 1986 ) . this species may be found to 100 m depth . in the mediterranean , it is recorded to 50 m depth ( louisy 2005 ) , and grows to perhaps up to 70 to 80 cm length .
it is commercially fished . in turkey , israel and tunisia ( fao 37 ) , up to 1 , 000 tons are landed per year .
in turkey , israel and tunisia ( fao area 37 ) , up to 1 , 000 tons are landed per year . there are no known major threats for this species , although it is commercially fished .
no conservation measures are in place for this species . however , it is likely to occur in some marine protected areas ( it is a mobile species ) .
5 . biological resource use - > 5 . 4 . fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - > 5 . 4 . 1 . intentional use : ( subsistence / small scale ) [ harvest ]
ben - tuvia , a . 1986 . sphyraenidae . fishes of the north - eastern atlantic and the mediterranean , pp . 1194 - 1196 .
fischer , w . , bauchot , m . - l . and schneider , m . 1987 . fiches fao d ' identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche . ( révision 1 ) . méditerranée et mer noire . zone de pêche 37 . fao , rome .
iucn . 2011 . iucn red list of threatened species ( ver . 2011 . 2 ) . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 10 november 2011 ) .
louisy , p . 2005 . guide d ' identification des poissons marins . europe et méditerranée . ulmer editions , paris .
schneider , w . 1990 . fao species identification sheets for fishery purposes . field guide to the commercial marine resources of the gulf of guinea . fao , rome .
the webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license
van der land , j . ; costello , m . j . ; zavodnik , d . ; santos , r . s . ; porteiro , f . m . ; bailly , n . ; eschmeyer , w . n . ; froese , r . ( 2001 ) . pisces , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 357 - 374 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of esox spet haüy , 1787 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
the photo of this shoal of barracuda was taken at a depth of 8 m near crocodile rock , a natural offshore reef at dwejra , not far from the famous azure window , on gozo ’s west coast .
elysia timida , the green elysia , is a species of sacoglossan sea slug , a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk endemic to the . . .
bothus podas , the wide - eyed flounder , is a type of flatfish and is native to the mediterranean sea and the eastern . . .
astropecten aranciacus , the red comb starfish , is a type of sea star and is native to the mediterranean sea and . . .
die gruppe um stephania und brian ist echt super . wir hatten eine woche mit höhen und tiefen aber waren hier echt super gut aufgehoben und betreut . ich komme gerne wieder . super gutes team und echt schöne tauchplätze .
professional , attention to every detail , friendly , helpful where needed . thank you for the 2 amazing dives guys at the blue hole and the reqqa point . special thanks to dennis , dennis - dennis , georgia & stephania !
i was there a couple of years ago . diving with brian was just like diving with a good friend .
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aegean sea : 18300 - 371 ( 4 spc . ) , 13 . 08 . 1989 , goekova bay , ring net , n . meriç . mediterranean sea : 18300 - 363 ( 1 spc . ) , 01 . 08 . 1968 , m . demir ; 18300 - 372 ( 2 spc . ) , 01 . 08 . 1968 , m . demir .
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marine ; brackish ; reef - associated ; depth range 1 - 100 m ( ref . 6949 ) , usually 3 - 30 m ( ref . 40849 ) . subtropical ; 42°n - 35°s , 180°w - 180°e ( ref . 55300 )
indo - pacific : red sea and east coast of africa to hawaii and the marquesas and tuamoto islands . western atlantic : massachusetts ( usa ) , bermuda , and throughout the caribbean sea to brazil ( ref . 9626 ) . eastern atlantic : sierra leone , côte d ' ivoire , togo , nigeria , senegal ( ref . 6949 ) , mauritania ( ref . 5377 ) , st . paul ' s rocks ( ref . 13121 ) , and são tomé island ( ref . 34088 ) .


the rainbow ameiva , barred whiptail , or metallic ameiva ( ameiva undulata ) is a species of whiptail lizard found in costa rica , nicaragua , honduras , el salvador , guatemala , belize , and southern mexico .

ameiva undulata

jennifer hammock split the classifications by herpetology resource from ameiva undulata wiegmann 1834 to their own page .
this species was recently moved into the genus holcosus ; it was formerly known as ameiva undulata .
maggie whitson set
image of holcosus undulatus
as an exemplar on
ameiva undulata wiegmann 1834
.
mccrystal , h . , j . behler . 2007 . husbandry and reproduction of captive giant ameiva i lizards ameiva ameiva at the new york zoological park .
biazquez , m . 1996 . activity and habitat use in a population of ameiva ameiva in southeastern columbia .
maggie whitson marked the classification from
species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013
as preferred for
ameiva undulata wiegmann 1834
.
colli , g . 1991 . reproductive ecology of ameiva ameiva ( sauria , teiidae ) in the cerrado of central brazil .
vitt , l . 1982 . reproductive tactics of ameiva ameiva ( lacertilia : teiidae ) in a seasonally fluctuating tropical habitat .
garcía , ulises padilla ; mendoza - quijano , fernando 1996 . geographic distribution . ameiva undulata . herpetological review 27 ( 4 ) : 210 - get paper here
lainson , r . , i . paperna . 1999 . some coccida from the gall - bladder and intestine of the teiid lizard ameiva ameiva ameiva and the gecko hemidactylus mabouia in north brazil .
stuart , l . c . 1942 . comments on the undulata group of ameiva ( sauria ) . proc . biol . soc . washington 55 : 143 - 150 - get paper here
boyden , t . 1976 . butterfly palatability and mimicry : experiment with ameiva lizards .
sartorius , s . , l . vitt , g . colli . 1999 . use of naturally and anthropogenically disturbed habitats in amazonian rainforest by the teiid lizard ameiva ameiva .
to cite this page : siders , r . 2014 .
ameiva ameiva
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
censky , e . 1995 . mating strategy and reproduction success in the teiid lizard , ameiva .
this ameiva was at the roadside near the palenque garabito restaurant where we stopped briefly for a final pit stop before leaving the pan - american highway for the long and bumpy dirt road up to the monteverde cloud forest . i believe this is a young female ameiva undulata ; the males are much more colorful ( as in the next picture ) .
giugliano , l . , r . teixeira , g . colli , s . bao . 2002 . ultrastructure of spermatozoa of the lizard ameiva ameiva , with considerations on polymorphism within the family teiidae ( squamata ) .
imparato , b . , m . antoniazzi , m . rodrigues , c . jared . 2007 . morphology of the femoral glands in the lizard ameiva ameiva ( teiidae ) and their possible role in semiochemical dispersion .
maffei , f . , g . rodrigues do nascimento , d . neto . 2009 . predation on the lizard ameiva ameiva ( sauria : teiidae ) by a coral snake micrurus frontalis ( serpentes : elapidae ) in brazil .
undulata : pacific slopes of the isthmus of tehuantepec as far west as puerto ángel , and eastward to niltepec . oaxaca . type locality : mexico ( by inference ) . restricted to tehuantepec by smith 1940 .
lewis , a . , j . saliva . 1987 . effects of sex and size on home range , dominance , and activity budgets in ameiva exsul ( lacertilia : teiida ) .
echternacht , arthur c . 1970 . taxonomic and ecological notes on some middle and south american lizards of the genus ameiva ( teiidae ) . breviora ( 354 ) : 1 - 9 - get paper here
echternacht , a . c . 1971 . middle american lizards of the genus ameiva . misc . publ . univ . kans . mus . nat . hist . 55 : 1 - 86 - get paper here
barbour , t . and g . k . noble . 1915 . a revision of the lizards of the genus ameiva . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard 59 : 417 - 479 . - get paper here
smith , hobart m . & laufe , leonard e . 1946 . a summary of mexican lizards of the genus ameiva . univ . kansas sci . bull . 31 ( 2 ) : 7 - 73 - get paper here
hower , lindsey m . , and s . blair hedges 2003 . molecular phylogeny and biogeography of west indian teiid lizards of the genus ameiva . carib . j . sci . 39 ( 3 ) : 298 - 306 . - get paper here
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
harvey , m . b . , ugueto , g . n . and gutberlet jr . , r . l . 2012 . review of teiid morphology with a revised taxonomy and phylogeny of the teiidae ( lepidosauria : squamata ) . zootaxa 3459 : 1 - 156 .
acosta chaves , v . , batista , a . , chaves , g . , flores - villela , o . , ibáñez , r . , jaramillo , c . , köhler , g . & solórzano , a .
justification : listed as least concern because it is relatively widespread , numerous , and not declining fast enough for listing in a more threatened category .
species . it occurs at low and moderate elevations from tamaulipas ( mexico ) on the atlantic versant , and nayarit ( mexico ) on the pacific slope , southward to northwestern costa rica . it is found throughout the yucatan peninsula . elevational range extends from sea level to 1 , 500 meters ( köhler 2008 ) .
belize ; costa rica ; el salvador ; guatemala ; honduras ; mexico ; nicaragua ( nicaragua ( mainland ) , nicaraguan caribbean is . )
this terrestrial and diurnal lizard inhabits tropical and subtropical wet , moist , and dry forest . it prefers open situations such as plantations , pasture lands , house gardens , and forest edges ; avoiding the deep shade of tall humid forests . it is frequently seen darting across roads or encountered as it forages noisily through the leaf litter .
currently , this species is of relatively low conservation concern and does not require significant additional protection or major management , monitoring , or research action . it is present in several protected areas .
acosta chaves , v . , batista , a . , chaves , g . , flores - villela , o . , ibáñez , r . , jaramillo , c . , köhler , g . & solórzano , a . 2013 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
the number of species increased from 10 , 711 to 10 , 793 , i . e . an increase of 82 species . 66 new species have been described , 9 species have been revalidated from synonymy and 16 subspecies were elevated to full species . . .
over the past 4 months , the number of species increased from 10 , 639 to 10 , 711 .
the number of species has grown from 10 , 544 in the may release to now 10 , 639 ( + 95 species ) .
overall , 212 new taxa have been added or changed their status or name .
the reptile database is a taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species , such as turtles , snakes , lizards , and crocodiles , as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians , but does not include dinosaurs .
currently there are more than 10 , 000 species and an additional 2 , 700 subspecies . this is making reptiles the largest vertebrate group after fish ( ~ 25 , 000 species ) and birds ( ~ 10 , 000 species ) , and significantly larger than mammals ( ~ 5 , 000 species ) or amphibians ( ~ 6 , 000 species ) .
the reptile database provides taxonomic information for the catalogue of life and the encyclopedia of life . our taxonomic information has also been used by genbank and many other resources and is the only comprehensive reptile database on the web .
the reptile database can be used to find all species within a certain geographic area ( e . g . all snakes of egypt ) . its collection of more than 2 , 500 images allow users to identify a species or at least get an idea how the species or genus may look like . more than 30 , 000 references provide a guide to further information .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
amphigramma : mexico ( n veracruz southward at low elevations to the isthmus of tehuantepec , westward into valleys extending into extreme e oaxaca , ne puebla ; tabasco , tamaulipas , nuevo león ) . type locality : san andrés tuxtla , veracruz .
dextra : southern slope of the sierra madre del sur . oaxaca , guerrero . type locality : near rincón , guerrero .
gaigeae : northern half of the yucatán peninsula and southward to the island carmen along the extreme eastern coast ; yucatán , campeche , quintana roo . type locality : progreso , yucatán .
hartwegi : atlantic slopes of mexico ( chiapas ) and guatemala from the vicinity of the southeastern end of laguna de términos south and eastward across the base of the yucatán peninsula to nw honduras . campeche , quintana roo , yucatan . type locality : “across the río usumacinta from piedras negras , guatemala , in chiapas , mexico” .
miadis : isla del maíz grande . type locality : “great corn island” [ = isla del maiz grande” ] , depto . zelaya , nicaragua .
parva : guatemala , pacific slopes from the isthmus of tehuantepec in oaxaca to costa rica . chiapas . type locality : guatemala . restricted to mazatenango by smith & laufe 1946 .
podarga : s tamaulipas , e san luis potosí , probably veracruz and hidalgo . type locality : 7 miles west of ciudad victoria , tamaulipas .
pulchra : caribbean slope of honduras south to costa rica ; type locality : nicaragua .
sinistra : mexico ( colima , jalisco , michoacán , puebla , morelos , nayarit ; pacific slopes from jalisco to the arid balsas basin in michoacán , thence inland along the northern drainage of the río balsas to puebla ) . type locality : manzanillo , colima .
stuarti : atlantic slopes of mexico from the middle of the isthmus of tehuantepec eastward in the lowlands to the southern border of laguna de términos and to tenosique , tabasco . southward up the valley of the río rrijalva at least as far as tuxtla gutiérrez , chiapas . campeche , oaxaca . type locality : palenque , chiapas .
thomasi : upper tributaries of río grijalva in the interior of chiapas and adjacent guatemala . type locality : la libertad , chiapas , near río cuilco where it crosses the gutemalan border .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
the specific name undulatus is a latin word meaning wavy or undulating , in reference to the dorsolateral pattern .
barbour , t . & loveridge , a . 1929 . amphibians and reptiles [ of the corn islands , nicaragua ] . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard 69 : 138 - 146 - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1885 . catalogue of the lizards in the british museum ( natural history ) . vol . 2 , second edition . london , xiii + 497 pp . - get paper here
brattstrom , baynard h . ; adis , nelly b . 1952 . notes on a collection of reptiles and amphibians from oaxaca , mexico . herpetologica 8 : 59 - 60 - get paper here
campbell , j . a . 1998 . amphibians and reptiles of northern guatemala , the yucatán , and belize . norman : university of oklahoma press , xiii + 380 pp . - get paper here
casas - andreu , g . , f . r . méndez - de la cruz and x . aguilar - miguel . 2004 . anfibios y reptiles ; pp . 375–390 , in a . j . m . garcía - mendoza , j . ordoñez and m . briones - salas ( ed . ) . biodiversidad de oaxaca . instituto de biología , unam - fondo oaxaqueño para la conservación de la naturaleza - world wildlife fund , méxico , d . f .
cope , e . d . 1894 . third addition to a knowledge of the batrachia and reptilia of costa rica . proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 1894 : 194 - 206 - get paper here
dixon , james r . and julio a . lemos - espinal 2010 . amphibians and reptiles of the state of queretaro , mexico . tlalnepantla unam , 428 pp .
dunn , e . r . 1940 . new and noteworthy herpetological material from panamá . proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia . 92 : 105 - 122 . - get paper here
gaige , h . 1936 . some reptiles and amphibians from yucatan and campeche , mexico . carnegie inst . wash . publ . , ( 457 ) : 289 - 304 .
garcía , a . & ceballos , g . 1994 . guia de campo de los reptiles y anfibios de la costa de jalisco , mexico . fundacion ecologica de cuixmala , a . c . instituto de biologia , unam
gehlbach , frederick r . ; collette , bruce b . 1957 . a contribution to the herpetofauna of the highlands of oaxaca , mexico . herpetologica 13 : 227 - 232 - get paper here
gray , j . e . 1845 . catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the british museum . trustees of die british museum / edward newman , london : xxvii + 289 pp . - get paper here
günther , a . c . l . g . 1885 . reptilia and batrachia . biologia centrali - américana . taylor , & francis , london , 326 pp . [ published in parts from 1885 - 1902 ; reprint by the ssar 1987 ] - get paper here
gutiérrez mayén , ma . guadalupe y jorge salazar arenas 2007 . herpetofauna de los municipios de camocuautla , zapotitlán de méndez y huitzilan de serdán , de la sierra norte de puebla . herpetofauna de tres municipios de la sierra norte de puebla , pp . 197 - 223
gutsche , alexander 2015 . die insel der verschollenen salamander : zur herpetofauna der honduranischen isla del tigre . terraria - elaphe 2015 ( 3 ) : 38 - 43 - get paper here
hallowell , e . 1861 . report upon the reptilia of the north pacific exploring expedition , under command of capt . john rogers , u . s . n . proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 12 [ 1860 ] : 480 - 510 - get paper here
harvey , michael b . ; gabriel n . ugueto & ronald l . gutberlet , jr . 2012 . review of teiid morphology with a revised taxonomy and phylogeny of the teiidae ( lepidosauria : squamata ) . zootaxa 3459 : 1–156 - get paper here
johnson , j . d . , l . d . wilson , v . mata - silva , e . garcía - padilla , and d . l . desantis . 2017 . the endemic herpetofauna of mexico : organisms of global significance in severe peril . mesoamerican herpetology 4 ( 3 ) : 544–620
johnson , jerry d . ; vicente mata - silva , elí garcía padilla , and larry david wilson 2015 . the herpetofauna of chiapas , mexico : composition , distribution , and conservation . mesoamerican herpetology 2 ( 3 ) : 272–329 . - get paper here
köhler , g . 2008 . reptiles of central america . 2nd ed . herpeton - verlag , 400 pp .
koller , rene 2005 . herpetologoische waarnemingen in belize , deel 2 : reptielen . lacerta 63 ( 1 ) : 4 - 19 - get paper here
lee , j . c . 2000 . a field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of the maya world . cornell university press , ithaca ,
lee , j . c . 1996 . the amphibians and reptiles of the yucatán peninsula . comstock , cornell university press , ithaca , 500 pp .
leenders , t . 2004 . der nationalpark “el imposible” in el salvador . reptilia ( münster ) 9 ( 48 ) : 45 - 49 - get paper here
lemos - espinal , julio a . and james r . dixon 2013 . amphibians and reptiles of san luis potosí . eagle mountain publishing , xii + 300 pp .
lemos - espinal , julio a . , geoffrey r . smith 2015 . amphibians and reptiles of the state of hidalgo , mexico . check list 11 ( 3 ) : 1642 - get paper here
lemos - espinal , julio ; daniel wylie , geoffrey smith 2017 . new distributional records for reptiles from nuevo león , mexico herpetology notes 10 : 639 - 614 - get paper here
liner , ernest a . , and gustavo casas - andreu . 2008 . standard spanish , english and scientific names of the amphibians and reptiles of mexico . herpetological circular 38 : 167 p .
luja vh , lópez ja , cruz - elizalde r , ramírez - bautista a 2017 . herpetofauna inside and outside from a natural protected area : the case of reserva estatal de la biósfera sierra san juan , nayarit , mexico . nature conservation 21 : 15 - 38 - get paper here
martin , plul s . 1958 . a biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the gomez farias region , tamaulipas , mexico . miscellaneous publications , museum of zoology , university of michigan ( 101 ) : 1 - 102 + 7 plates - get paper here
mata - silva , vicente , jerry d . johnson , larry david wilson and elí garcía - padilla . 2015 . the herpetofauna of oaxaca , mexico : composition , physiographic distribution , and conservation status . mesoamerican herpetology 2 ( 1 ) : 6–62 - get paper here
mccranie , j . & castañeda , f . e . 2005 . the herpetofauna of parque nacional pico bonito , honduras . phyllomedusa 4 ( 1 ) : 3 - 16 - get paper here
mccranie , james r . 2015 . a checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of honduras , with additions , comments on taxonomy , some recent taxonomic decisions , and areas of further studies needed . zootaxa 3931 ( 3 ) : 352–386 - get paper here
mccranie , james r . , leonardo valdés orellana and alexander gutsche . 2013 . new departmental records for amphibians and reptiles in honduras . herpetological review 44 ( 2 ) : 288 - 289
meza - lázaro , r . n . and nieto - montes de oca , a . 2015 . long forsaken species diversity in the middle american lizard holcosus undulatus ( teiidae ) . zoological journal of the linnean society 175 ( 1 ) : 189 - 210 ; doi : 10 . 1111 / zoj . 12264 - get paper here
neill , wilfred t . and e . ross allen . 1959 . studies on the amphibians and reptiles of british honduras . publications of the research division ross allen ' s reptiles institute . 2 ( 1 ) : 1 - 76
palacios - aguilar , ricardo & oscar flores - villela 2018 . an updated checklist of the herpetofauna from guerrero , mexico . zootaxa 4422 ( 1 ) : 1 - 24 - get paper here
savage , j . m . 2002 . the amphibians and reptiles of costa rica : a herpetofauna between two continents , between two seas . university of chicago press , 934 pp . [ review in copeia 2003 ( 1 ) : 205 ]
schlüter , u . 2006 . die ernährung von ameiven und warantejus in der natur und bei terrarienhaltung . reptilia ( münster ) 11 ( 62 ) : 56 - 62 - get paper here
schmidt , karl p . ; shannon , frederick a . 1947 . notes on amphibians and reptiles of michoacan , mexico . zoological series of field museum of natural history 31 ( 9 ) : 63 - 85
smith , h . m . 1935 . miscellaneous notes on mexican lizards . univ . kansas sci . bull . 22 : 119 - 156 - get paper here
smith , hobart m . & laufe , leonard e . 1945 . mexican amphibians and reptiles in the texas cooperative wildlife collections . trans . kansas acad . sci . 48 : 325 - 354 - get paper here
smith , h . m . 1940 . descriptions of new lizards and snakes from méxico and guatemala . proc . biol . soc . washington 53 : 55 - 64 . - get paper here
solís , j . m . , l . d . wilson , and j . h . townsend . 2014 . an updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of honduras , with comments on their nomenclature . mesoamerican herpetology 1 : 123–144 - get paper here
stuart , l . c . 1935 . a contribution to a knowledge of the herpetology of a portion of the savanna region of central peten , guatemala . university of michigan museum of zoology miscellaneous publications 29 : 1 - 56 - get paper here
stuart , l . c . 1948 . the amphibians and reptiles of alta verapaz guatamala . miscellaneous publications , museum of zoology , university of michigan 69 : 1 - 109 - get paper here
sunyer , javier 2014 . an updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of nicaragua . mesoamerican herpetology 1 ( 2 ) : 186–202 . - get paper here
taylor , e . h . 1956 . a review of the lizards of costa rica . univ . kansas sci . bull . 38 ( part 1 ) : 3 - 322 - get paper here
urbina - cardona , j . nicolás ; mario olivares - pérez , víctor hugo reynoso 2006 . herpetofauna diversity and microenvironment correlates across a pasture–edge–interior ecotone in tropical rainforest fragments in the los tuxtlas biosphere reserve of veracruz , mexico . biological conservation 132 : 61–75
vences m . , franzen m . , flaschendräger a . , schmitt r . & regös j . 1998 . beobachtungen zur herpetofauna von nicaragua : kommentierte artenliste der reptilien . salamandra 34 ( 1 ) : 17 - 42 - get paper here
wiegmann , a . f . a . 1834 . herpetologia mexicana , seu descriptio amphibiorum novae hispaniae , quae itineribus comitis de sack , ferdinandi deppe et chr . guil . schiede im museum zoologicum berolinense pervenerunt . pars prima , saurorum species . berlin , lüderitz , iv + 54 pp . - get paper here
woolrich - piña , g . a . , e . garcía - padilla , d . l . desantis , j . d . johnson , v . mata - silva , and l . d . wilson . 2017 . the herpetofauna of puebla , mexico : composition , distribution , and conservation status . mesoamerican herpetology 4 ( 4 ) : 791–884
zweifel , richard g . 1959 . additions to the herpetofauna of nayarit , mexico . american museum novitates ( 1953 ) : 1 - 13 - get paper here
classification from species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013 selected by maggie whitson - see more .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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i first noticed this large and colorful male rustling through the leaf litter on the shaded forest floor . i thought it was some sort of medium - sized rodent until it popped up its head and moved on to the next promising - looking leaf pile . after some more poking and prodding through the leaves , it finally decided to bask briefly in a sun patch , where i got this overly high - contrast photo .
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flores - villela , oscar / mccoy , c . j . , ed .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322cf308 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322cf46e - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fd36a - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 336d8ed8 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
uetz p . & hošek j . ( 2018 ) . the reptile database ( version dec 2015 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 5383828d - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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giant ameivas are found in central and south america . they are found from the eastern coast of brazil through the interior portions of central south america , to the west coasts of columbia , ecuador , and peru . they are found as far south as the northern portions of argentina , through bolivia and paraguay and as far north as french guiana , suriname , guyana , trinidad , tobago , and panama . recently they have been introduced to areas of florida .
(
scientific and standard english names
, 2001 ; biazquez , 1996 ; sartorius , et al . , 1999 )
giant ameivas are found in varied habitats , such as cerrado and northeastern caatinga in brazil and amazonian savannah and forests . they seem to prefer disturbed rain forests that have recently been harvested .
( biazquez , 1996 ; colli , 1991 ; imparato , et al . , 2007 ; sartorius , et al . , 1999 ; vitt , 1991 )
females carry their eggs for a short period of time and tend to stay in their burrows during this time . once eggs are laid , incubation time is about 5 months , with offspring usually hatching at the beginning of the rainy season . juvenile males tend to grow faster than their female counterparts . maturity is acheived when snout - vent length reaches 100 mm , occurring at about 8 months after hatching for both males and females .
in size and the environments in which they live , so their reproductive biology may be similar .
males tend to guard females during sexual encounters . however , males that did not guard females did not mate . males in this species that were larger tended to mate more as they won over the most females .
giant ameivas reproduce by laying eggs in clutches , which vary in size regionally . although little data exist from most regions , data have been collected from caatinga and cerrado habitats of brazil . clutch size can range from 3 to 11 . clutch sizes tend to be larger in cerrado , averaging 6 . 4 + / - 0 . 2 ( colli , 1991 ) . clutch sizes in caatinga average 5 . 7 + / - 0 . 164 ( vitt , 1982 ) . clutch size is directly related to snout - vent length of the female - larger females produce more eggs per clutch . in cerrado , females can lay up to 3 clutches per reproductive season . however , in caatinga giant ameivas may reproduce throughout the year . the reproductive habits of
are based on rainfall . in areas where rainfall is constant or unpredictable throughout the year , reproduction is year - round . in areas where there is a distinct dry season , reproduction only occurs during the rainy seasons . this is thought to be the result of lack of food for both adults and juveniles during dry seasons .
breeding interval breeding interval is based on location however females may lay up to 3 clutches per cycle in the cerrado of brazil .
there is little information on parental investment in this species . however , females invest heavily in supplying their eggs with nutrients before they are laid and males invest energy in mate guarding during mating .
in the wild . however , based on small sample sizes , individuals are known survive up to 4 . 6 years . the index of scientific binomials indicate their observed specimen lived up to 2 . 8 years in captivity .
giant ameivas are solitary and diurnal . not much is known about their behavior .
giant ameivas are not territorial . however , they do have a home range which overlaps with other individuals . data are not available for home range size of
is based on size and sex of the lizard . average male home range size was 376 . 8 square meters , and female home range was on average 173 . 7 square meters based on a data set from 13 males and females . home range size may be similar in
( lewis and saliva , 1987 ; simmons , et al . , 2005 )
play a role in establishing territory size . femoral glands also play a role in various sexual behaviors . these femoral glands produce semiochemicals which influence inter - and intra - specific communication . although these semiochemicals are not well understood in
, they affect defense of territory and self , predation , territorial markings , and parental care .
( imparato , et al . , 2007 ; imparato , et al . , 2007 )
giant ameivas are active foragers . their diet varies regionally and seasonally and consists mainly of insects . the most common animals found in their diet are grasshoppers , butterflies , beetles , roaches , larvae , spiders , and termites . they have also been known to eat other species of lizards . what they eat is proportional to their snout - vent length ; as they grow their prey becomes larger .
predators of giant ameivas consist of a wide variety of birds and snakes . unlike other species of lizards found throughout south america , they do not sit and wait for their prey . their main method of avoiding predation is escape and their body shape is designed for rapid speed , allowing them to avoid predators in the open areas where they forage . common predators of
( colli , 1991 ; maffei , et al . , 2009 ; shepard , 2007 )
. often these invasive parasites will damage organs such as the gall bladder , liver , kidneys , lungs , and spleen . parasites also have been found in saliva and feces of this lizard . many of the parasites found in the feces originate in the gut . additionally , parasites invade epithelial cells .
( kaplan , 1995 ; lainson and paperna , 1999 ; lainson , et al . , 2003 )
although these species can carry disease and can be aggressive , people keep them as pets . furthermore , giant ameivas tend to prefer cleared environments such as crop fields . because their diet consists mainly of
( everard , et al . , 1979 ; kaplan , 1995 ; sartorius , et al . , 1999 )
, including strains that can infect humans . in grenada , according to everard et al . ( 1979 ) , half of all specimens collected carried
( everard , et al . , 1979 ; kourany and telford , 1981 )
currently giant ameivas are not considered threatened . there are no efforts at this time to actively conserve this species .
ryan siders ( author ) , radford university , karen powers ( editor ) , radford university , tanya dewey ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor .
living in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .
living in the southern part of the new world . in other words , central and south america .
having markings , coloration , shapes , or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment ; being difficult to see or otherwise detect .
having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment ; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature .
referring to animal species that have been transported to and established populations in regions outside of their natural range , usually through human action .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
reproduction in which eggs are released by the female ; development of offspring occurs outside the mother ' s body .
the business of buying and selling animals for people to keep in their homes as pets .
rainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
a terrestrial biome . savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy . extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical africa and south america , and in australia .
a grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees , a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest . see also tropical savanna and grassland biome .
a terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5° n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .
2002 .
index of scientific binominals
( on - line ) . accessed april 09 , 2010 at urltoken .
occurrence overview
( on - line ) . global biodiversity information facility . accessed february 19 , 2010 at urltoken .
committee on standard english and scientific names . scientific and standard english names . society for the study of amphibians and reptiles . 2001 . accessed february 19 , 2010 at urltoken .
bowler , j . 1975 . longevity of reptiles and amphibians in n . american collections as of 1 november , 1975 . .
everard , c . , b . tota , d . bassett , c . ali . 1979 . salmonella in wildlife from trinidad and grenada , w . i . .
kaplan , m . 1995 .
ameivas
( on - line ) . accessed april 09 , 2010 at urltoken .
kourany , m . , s . telford . 1981 . lizards in the ecology of salmonellosis in panama .
magnusson , w . 1987 . reproductive cycles of teiid lizards in amazonian savanna .
magnusson , w . , l . junqueira de paiva , r . moreira da rocha , c . franke , l . kasper , a . lima . 1985 . the correlates of foraging mode in a community of brazilian lizards .
magnusson , w . , l . junqueira de paiva , r . moreira da rocha , c . franke , l . kasper , a . lima . 1985 . the correlates of foraging mode in a community of brazilian lizards .
sevenster , j . , j . ellers , g . driessen . 1998 . an evolutionary argument for limitation .
shepard , d . 2007 . habitat but not body shape affects predator attack frequency on lizard models in the brazilian cerrado .
simmons , p . , b . greene , k . williamson , r . powell , j . parmerlee . 2005 . ecological interactions within a lizard community on grenada .
tinkle , d . 1969 . the concept of reproduction effort and its relation to the evolution of life histories of lizards .
vitt , l . 1991 . an introduction to the ecology of cerrado lizards .


eatoniopsis is a genus of minute sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family cingulopsidae .

this species has been declared a synonym of the genus skenella in the family cingulopsidae .

eatoniopsis

worms - world register of marine species - eatoniopsis paludinoides ( e . a . smith , 1902 )
eatoniopsis thiele , j . , 1912 type species : skenella paludinoides smith , e . a . , 1902
species eatoniopsis edwardiensis ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) accepted as skenella edwardiensis ( r . b . watson , 1886 )
species eatoniopsis paludinoides ( e . a . smith , 1902 ) accepted as skenella paludinoides ( e . a . smith , 1902 )
( of eatoniopsis ( pilitonia ) ponder & yoo , 1981 ) ponder w . f . & yoo e . k . ( 1981 [
1980
] ) . a review of the genera of cingulopsidae with a revision of the australian and tropical indo - pacific species ( mollusca : gastropoda : prosobranchia ) . records of the australian museum . 33 : 1 - 88 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
» species skenella ( skenella ) edwardiensis ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) represented as skenella edwardiensis ( r . b . watson , 1886 )
» species skenella ( skenella ) paludinoides ( e . a . smith , 1902 ) represented as skenella paludinoides ( e . a . smith , 1902 )
» species skenella ( skenella ) sinapi ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) represented as skenella sinapi ( r . b . watson , 1886 )
ponder w . f . ( 1983 ) rissoaform gastropods from the antarctic and sub - antarctic . the eatoniellidae , rissoidae , barleeidae , cingulopsidae , orbitestellidae and rissoellidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) of signy island , south orkney islands , with a review of the antarctic and sub - antarctic ( excluding southern south america and the new zealand sub - antarctic islands ) species . british antarctic survey , scientific reports 108 : 1 - 96 . [ details ]
ponder w . f . & yoo e . k . ( 1981 [
1980
] ) . a review of the genera of cingulopsidae with a revision of the australian and tropical indo - pacific species ( mollusca : gastropoda : prosobranchia ) . records of the australian museum . 33 : 1 - 88 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
thiele , j . 1913 . die antarktischen schnecken und muscheln . deutsche südpolar expedition 1901 - 1903 13 : 183 - 285 . [ details ]
description : shell minute , moderately tall spired , spire outline straight . protoconch of 1½ whorls , teleoconch up to about 2¾ weakly convex whorls . surface glossy , smooth apart from weak growth lines and spiral scratches . aperture elongate - ovate , outer lip prosocline . inner lip thin over parietal wall , thicker below . columella with weak , broad bulge deep within aperture ( fig . 2 ) . umbilicus closed , umbilical chink present . colour brown .
distribution : endemic to australia . north stradbroke island , queensland , southwards to eastern victoria and tasmania .
habitat : on algae , stones and debris in the mid - to lower littoral and sublittoral ( ponder & yoo , 1980 ) . common , often abundant .
comparison : this is similar to e . voorwindei in having a bulge on the columella , but differs in having a umbilicus closed .
figs . 1 , 2 : green cape , nsw ( c . 354174 )
description : shell minute , moderately short spired , spire outline almost straight . protoconch of 1½ whorls , teleoconch of about 3 convex whorls . surface smooth apart from weak growth lines and spiral scratches . aperture elongate - ovate , outer lip orthocline ( broken in figure ) . inner lip thin over parietal wall , thicker below . columella with distinct bulge deep within aperture ( fig . 2 ) . umbilicus narrow , partly hidden by inner lip of aperture . colour brown .
distribution : endemic to australia . port stephens , nsw , southwards to bass strait .
habitat : lives on algae in the lower littoral and sublittoral ( ponder & yoo , 1980 ) . uncommon .
comparison : this species is distinguished within the group in nsw by having the umbilicus narrowly open accompanied by a bulge on the columella .
figs . 1 , 2 : green cape , nsw ( c . 106215 )
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 02c37e04 - 9489 - 4ce6 - ab86 - 7b60200287ce
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 31d90fa7 - 1a33 - 46a3 - a603 - e4c1eca2dd77
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 522694
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eatonina thiele , j . , 1912 type species : eatonina ( eatonina ) pusilla thiele , j . , 1912
eatonina ( eatonina ) thiele , j . , 1912 type species : eatonina ( eatonina ) atomaria powell , a . w . b . , 1933
eatonina ( captitonia ) ponder , w . f . & e . k . yoo , 1980 type species : antimitra lirata adams , a . , 1865
eatonina ( otatara ) ponder , w . f . , 1965 type species : eatonina ( otatara ) subflavescens iredale , t . , 1915
pseudopisinna ponder , w . f . & e . k . yoo , 1980 type species : pseudopisinna gregaria gregaria laseron , c . f . , 1950
skenella pfeffer , g . in martens , e . c . von & g . pfeffer , 1886 type species : skenella georgiana pfeffer , g . in martens , e . c . von & g . pfeffer , 1886
skenella ( skenella ) pfeffer , g . in martens , e . c . von & g . pfeffer , 1886 type species : skenella georgiana pfeffer , g . in martens , e . c . von & g . pfeffer , 1886
skenella ( pilitonia ) ponder , w . f . & e . k . yoo , 1980 type species : skenella ( pilitonia ) westralis ponder , w . f . & e . k . yoo , 1980
skenella ( rufodardanula ) ponder , w . f . , 1965 type species : paracuneus spadix watson , r . b . , 1886
coriandria tomlin , j . r . le b . , 1917 type species : eatonina cossurae calcara , p . , 1841
microsetia monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1884 type species : eatonina cossurae calcara , p . , 1841
tubbreva ponder , w . f . , 1965 type species : tubbreva exigua ponder , w . f . , 1965


amphorella iridescens is a species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family ferussaciidae .

this species is endemic to madeira , portugal .

amphorella iridescens

information on amphorella iridescens is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
amphorella ( amphorella ) r . t . lowe , 1852 represented as amphorella r . t . lowe , 1852
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arkive species - amphorella ( amphorella iridescens )
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arkive species - amphorella ( amphorella iridescens )
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arkive species - amphorella ( amphorella iridescens )
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amphorella is a genus of air - breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family ferussaciidae .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
this species is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
natural history museum , london & national museum of wales biodiversity & systematic biology national museum & galleries of wales cathays park cardiff cf10 3np united kingdom tel : 029 20573244 fax : 029 20239829 harriet . wood @ urltoken
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bank , r . a . ; neubert , e . ( 2017 ) . checklist of the land and freshwater gastropoda of europe . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
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