malea pomum , common name the pacific grinning tun , is a species of large sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family tonnidae , the tun shells .

malea pomum

taxonomy the species currently referred to as malea pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) was referred to as dolium ( malea ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) . . .
specimen thach ( 2005 : 93 pl . 44 , nr . 4 ) refers to a specimen of malea pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) as malea sp . [ details ]
genus and description : malea pomum , 53 . 2 & 69 . 5 mm , f + + + / gem , set of 2 specimens
frédéric ducarme marked the classification from
world register of marine species ( worms )
as preferred for
malea pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
taxonomy the species currently referred to as malea pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) was referred to under that name by ( a . o . ) paetel . . .
taxonomy the species currently referred to as malea pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) was referred to as dolium ( malea ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) by ( a . o . ) tryon ( 1885 : 265 ) ; boetger ( 1908 : 671 ) ; schepman ( 1909 : 125 ) ; vredenburg ( 1919 : 187 ) [ details ]
( of tonna ( malea ) pomum pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) kilias , r . ( 1962 ) das tierreich , lieferung 77 , gastropoda / prosobranchia : 1 - 63 , walter de gruyter & co . , berlin . page ( s ) : 19 [ details ]
dolium ( cadium ) pomum var . macgregori ( iredale , 1931 ) ( recombination of synonym )
type species type taxon by subsequent designation herrmannsen , 1847 is malea latilabris valenciennes , 1832 which is accepted as cassis ringens swainson , 1822 ( i . e . malea ringens ( swainson , 1822 ) ) ( fide beu ( 2005 : 112 ) [ details ]
( of tonna ( malea ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) kilias , r . ( 1962 ) das tierreich , lieferung 77 , gastropoda / prosobranchia : 1 - 63 , walter de gruyter & co . , berlin . page ( s ) : 19 [ details ]
( of tonna ( malea ) pomum macgregori ( iredale , 1931 ) ) kilias , r . ( 1962 ) das tierreich , lieferung 77 , gastropoda / prosobranchia : 1 - 63 , walter de gruyter & co . , berlin . page ( s ) : 20 [ details ]
( of tonna ( malea ) pomum pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of dolium ( malea ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 113 [ details ]
( of malea ( quimalea ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 113 [ details ]
( of tonna ( malea ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 113 [ details ]
( of tonna ( malea ) pomum macgregori ( iredale , 1931 ) ) beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 113 [ details ]
( of malea ( quimalea ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) habe , t . ( 1961 ) . coloured illustrations of the shells of japan . ii . hoikusha , osaka [ in japanese ] . xii + 183 + 42 pp . , 66 pl . page ( s ) : 47 [ details ]
family : tonnidae born : 1758 , linnaeus genus and description : malea pomum , 53 & 65 mm , f + + + / gem ,
big & small
, set of 2 specimen origin : collected by local fishermen through diving at about 20 to 50 meters deep off nucnucan island , bohol philippines . april 2016
( of malea noronhensis kempf & matthews , 1969 ) kempf , m . & matthews , h . r . , ( 1969 ) occurence of the genus malea valenciennes , 1832 in atlantic waters , with the description of a new species ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . arquivos do ciências do mar , 9 : 57 - 62 . page ( s ) : 57 [ details ]
( of malea ( malea ) valenciennes , 1832 ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 30 [ details ]
( of malea pomum noronhensis kempf & matthews , 1969 ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of dolium ( malea ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of malea ( quimalea ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of tonna ( malea ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of tonna ( malea ) pomum macgregori ( iredale , 1931 ) ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of malea noronhensis kempf & matthews , 1969 ) beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 113 - 114 [ details ]
( of malea ( quimalea ) iredale , 1929 ) habe , t . ( 1961 ) . coloured illustrations of the shells of japan . ii . hoikusha , osaka [ in japanese ] . xii + 183 + 42 pp . , 66 pl . page ( s ) : 47 [ details ]
( of quimalea pomum macgregori iredale , 1931 ) cernohorsky , w . o . ( 1972a ) marine shells of the pacific . vol . ii . pacific publications , sydney , 411 pp . page ( s ) : 112 [ details ]
kempf , m . & matthews , h . r . 1969 ,
occurence of the genus malea valenciennes , 1832 in atlantic waters , with the description of a new species ( mollusca : gastropoda )
, arquivos do ciências do mar , vol . 9 , no . 1 , pp . 57 - 62
( of buccinum pomum linnaeus , 1758 ) beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 114 [ details ]
( of cadus pomum röding , 1798 ) beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 113 [ details ]
( of quimalea pomum macgregori iredale , 1931 ) beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 113 [ details ]
( of quimalea pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 113 [ details ]
( of dolium pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 113 [ details ]
( of quimalea pomum macgregori iredale , 1931 ) iredale t . ( 1931 ) . australian molluscan notes . nº i . records of the australian museum , 18 : 201 - 235 , pl . 22 - 25 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 215 [ details ]
( of quimalea pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) iredale t . ( 1929 ) . mollusca from the continental shelf of eastern australia . records of the australian museum . 17 ( 4 ) : 157 - 189 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 345 [ details ]
( of malea pommum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) richmond , m . ( ed . ) ( 1997 ) . a guide to the seashores of eastern africa and the western indian ocean islands . sida / department for research cooperation , sarec : stockholm , sweden . isbn 91 - 630 - 4594 - x . 448 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of dolium ( cadium ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) bayer c . ( 1937 ) catalogue of the doliidae in the rijksmuseum van natuurlijke historie . zoologiscshe mededelingen , 20 ( 5 ) : 29 - 50 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 30 [ details ]
( of malea noronhensis kempf & matthews , 1969 ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of dolium ( malea ) valenciennes , 1832 ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of malea ( quimalea ) iredale , 1929 ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of dolium ( cadium ) pomum var . macgregori ( iredale , 1931 ) ) bayer c . ( 1937 ) catalogue of the doliidae in the rijksmuseum van natuurlijke historie . zoologiscshe mededelingen , 20 ( 5 ) : 29 - 50 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 31 [ details ]
( of buccinum pomum linnaeus , 1758 ) linnaeus , c . ( 1758 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata . laurentius salvius : holmiae . ii , 824 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cadus pomum röding , 1798 ) röding p . f . ( 1798 ) . museum boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat joa . fried . bolten m . d . p . d . pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia , bivalvia et multivalvia . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 151 [ details ]
( of buccinum pomum linnaeus , 1758 ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of cadus pomum röding , 1798 ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of quimalea pomum macgregori iredale , 1931 ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of quimalea pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of cadium pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of dolium pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of dolium ( cadium ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of dolium ( cadium ) pomum var . macgregori ( iredale , 1931 ) ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
taxonomy the species currently referred to as malea pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) was referred to under that name by ( a . o . ) paetel ( 1887 : 222 ) ; hedley ( 1916 : 196 ) ; dautzenberg ( 1929 : 447 ) ; van der vlerk ( 1931 : 243 ) ; winckworth & tomlin ( 1933 : 212 ) ; dodge ( 1956 : 167 - 169 ) ; cernohorsky ( 1972 : 112 ) ; hinton ( 1972 : 19 ; 1974 : 18 ; 1977 : 27 ) ; kay ( 1979 : 231 ) ; powell ( 1979 : 163 ) ; abbott & dance ( 1982 : 118 ) ; springsteen & leobrera ( 1986 ) ; kilburn ( 1986 : 4 ) ; wye ( 1991 : 100 ) ; wilson ( 1993 : 252 ) ; severns ( 2000 : 79 ) ; zhang & ma ( 2004 : 82 ) ; dharma ( 2005 : 192 & 352 ) ; thach ( 2005 : 93 in part ) ; beu ( 2005 : 113 ) [ details ]
( of buccinum pomum linnaeus , 1758 ) linné c . ( 1764 ) . museum s : æ r : æ m : tis ludovicæ ulricæ reginæ svecorum , gothorum , vandalorumque & c . ; & c . ; & c . ; in quo animalia rariora , exotica , imprimis insecta & conchilia describuntur & determinantur prodromi instar editum . holmiae vii + 720 pp . : , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 600 [ details ]
( of dolium ( malea ) pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) tryon g . w . , jr . ( 1885 ) manual of conchology , structural and systematic , with illustrations of the species . ( 1 ) 7 : terebridae , cancellariidae , strombidae , cypraeidae , pediculariidae , ovulidae , cassididae , doliidae , pp . 1 - 64 , pl . 1 - 12 ( terebridae ) , 65 - 98 , pl . 1 - 7 ( cancellariidae ) , 99 - 152 , pl . 1 - 12 ( strombidae ) , 153 - 240 , pl . 1 - 23 ( cypraeidae , by s . r . roberts ) , 241 - 256 , 301 - 304 , pl . 1 - 5 ( pediculariidae and ovulidae ) , 257 - 267 , 305 - 306 , pl . 1 - 6 ( doliidae ) , 268 - 300 , 307 - 309 , pl . 1 - 10 ( cassididae ) . philadelphia , published by the author . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 265 [ details ]
( of buccinum pomum linnaeus , 1758 ) linnaeus c . ( 1767 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . ed . 12 . 1 . , regnum animale . 1 & 2 . holmiae , laurentii salvii . holmiae [ stockholm ] , laurentii salvii . pp . 1 - 532 [ 1766 ] pp . 533 - 1327 [ 1767 ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 1 197 [ details ]
( of cadium pomum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) link d . h . f . ( 1807 - 1808 ) . beschreibung der naturalien - sammlung der universität zu rostock . rostock : adlers erben . 1 abt . [ part 1 ] , pp . 1 - 50 ; 2 abt . [ part 2 ] , pp . 51 - 100 ; 3 abt . [ part 3 ] , pp . 101 - 165 ; abt . 4 [ part 4 ] , pp . 1 - 30 ; abt . 5 [ part 5 ] , pp . 1 - 38 [ 1808 ] ; abt . 6 [ part 6 ] , pp . 1 - 38 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 113 [ details ]
( of dolium ( malea ) valenciennes , 1832 ) tryon g . w . , jr . ( 1885 ) manual of conchology , structural and systematic , with illustrations of the species . ( 1 ) 7 : terebridae , cancellariidae , strombidae , cypraeidae , pediculariidae , ovulidae , cassididae , doliidae , pp . 1 - 64 , pl . 1 - 12 ( terebridae ) , 65 - 98 , pl . 1 - 7 ( cancellariidae ) , 99 - 152 , pl . 1 - 12 ( strombidae ) , 153 - 240 , pl . 1 - 23 ( cypraeidae , by s . r . roberts ) , 241 - 256 , 301 - 304 , pl . 1 - 5 ( pediculariidae and ovulidae ) , 257 - 267 , 305 - 306 , pl . 1 - 6 ( doliidae ) , 268 - 300 , 307 - 309 , pl . 1 - 10 ( cassididae ) . philadelphia , published by the author . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 265 [ details ]
linnaeus , c . ( 1758 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata . laurentius salvius : holmiae . ii , 824 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
spry , j . f . ( 1961 ) . the sea shells of dar es salaam : gastropods . tanganyika notes and records 56 [ details ]
drivas , j . ; jay , m . ( 1987 ) . coquillages de la réunion et de l ' île maurice . collection les beautés de la nature . delachaux et niestlé : neuchâtel . isbn 2 - 603 - 00654 - 1 . 159 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
obis indo - pacific molluscan database . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
spencer , h . g . , marshall , b . a . & willan , r . c . ( 2009 ) . checklist of new zealand living mollusca . pp 196 - 219 . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) new zealand inventory of biodiversity . volume one . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . canterbury university press , christchurch . [ details ]
cernohorsky , w . o . ( 1972a ) marine shells of the pacific . vol . ii . pacific publications , sydney , 411 pp . page ( s ) : 112 [ details ]
rosenberg , g . 1992 . encyclopedia of seashells . dorset : new york . 224 pp . page ( s ) : 80 [ details ]
beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 113 [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
vos , c . ( 2012 ) overview of the tonnidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) in chinese waters . shell discoveries 1 ( 1 ) ; pp . 12 - 22 ; pls . 1 - 9 page ( s ) : 12 [ details ]
vos , c . ( 2013 ) overview of the tonnidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) in chinese waters . gloria maris 52 ( 1 - 2 ) ; pp . 22 - 53 ; pls . 1 - 9 page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
vos , c . ( 2008 ) tonnidae . in poppe g . t . ( ed . ) philippine marine mollusks , volume 1 : gastropoda 1 : 594 - 611 , pls 242 - 250 . conchbooks , hackenheim , germany . page ( s ) : 594 [ details ]
severns , m . ( 2011 ) . shells of the hawaiian islands - the sea shells . conchbooks , hackenheim . 564 pp . page ( s ) : 132 [ details ]
( of cassis labrosa martini , 1773 ) gray j . e . ( 1847 ) . a list of the genera of recent mollusca , their synonyma and types . proceedings of the zoological society of london . 15 : 129 - 219 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 137 [ details ]
( of cassis labrosa martini , 1773 ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of cassis labrosa martini , 1773 ) martini , f . h . w . & chemnitz , j . h . ( 1769–1795 ) neues systematisches conchylien - cabinet . g . n . raspe , nürnberg . [ vol . 1 , 1–408 , pls . 1–31 ( 1769 ) ; vol . 2 , 1–362 , pls . 32–65 ( 1773 ) ; vol . 3 , 1–434 , pls . 66–121 ( 1777 ) ] , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 2 ( 1773 ) : 58 [ details ]
( of cassis labrosa martini , 1773 ) beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 114 [ details ]
after more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .
last week - on may 30 and 31st – 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .
on 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .
the 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to françois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .
in 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .
the scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .
tryon g . w . , jr . ( 1885 ) manual of conchology , structural and systematic , with illustrations of the species . ( 1 ) 7 : terebridae , cancellariidae , strombidae , cypraeidae , pediculariidae , ovulidae , cassididae , doliidae , pp . 1 - 64 , pl . 1 - 12 ( terebridae ) , 65 - 98 , pl . 1 - 7 ( cancellariidae ) , 99 - 152 , pl . 1 - 12 ( strombidae ) , 153 - 240 , pl . 1 - 23 ( cypraeidae , by s . r . roberts ) , 241 - 256 , 301 - 304 , pl . 1 - 5 ( pediculariidae and ovulidae ) , 257 - 267 , 305 - 306 , pl . 1 - 6 ( doliidae ) , 268 - 300 , 307 - 309 , pl . 1 - 10 ( cassididae ) . philadelphia , published by the author . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 265 [ details ]
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iredale , t . 1931 ,
australian molluscan notes . no . 1
, records of the australian museum , vol . 18 , no . 4 , pp . 201 - 235 , pls xxii - xxv
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 548da39c - da70 - 4e9e - a7b1 - 2b89d4a7023d
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cook islands islands : rr = rarotonga , mg = mangaia , at = ‘ātiu , mk = ma‘uke , mt = miti‘āro , ak = aitutaki , pl = palmerston , pn = penrhyn , mn = manuae , tk = takūtea , tn = tongareva ( ts = tongaleva spoken , tw = tongareva written , they say
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but write
r
) , mh = manihiki , rk = rakahanga , pk = pukapuka , ns = nassau , sw = suwarrow . after a polynesian name : ^ = orthography query . countries and other : fij = fiji , wt = wallis & futuna , sam = samoa , ton = tonga , niu = niue , ck = cook islands , ckm = cook islands māori , fp = french polynesia , aus = australs , soc = societies , tah = tahiti , tua = tuamotus , mqs = marquesas , mng = mangareva , pit = pitcain group , eas = easter island , haw = hawai‘i , nz = new zealand , nzm = new zealand māori
mccormack , gerald ( 2007 ) cook islands biodiversity database , version 2007 . 2 . cook islands natural heritage trust , rarotonga . online at http : / / cookislands . bishopmuseum . org .
copyright © 2007 ( july ) the cook islands natural heritage trust , all rights reserved . copyright & use policy
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fine + + + , fresh and very dark , rare and unique , fresh and very dark , lovely pattern and beautiful color , net 15 to 20 m , january 2017 .
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origin : collected by a local fishermen by nets off olango island , cebu philippines , march 2013 .
origin : collected by local fishermen through diving at about 20 to 50 meters deep off samar island philippines . april 2015
vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 26 [ details ]
beu , a . g . ( 2005 ) neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of indonesia . scripta geologica 130 , p . 1 - 186 , pp . 166 , figs . 327 page ( s ) : 112 [ details ]
( of quimalea iredale , 1929 ) nomenclator zoologicus online . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of dolium ( cadium ) link , 1807 ) vos , c . ( 2007 ) a conchological iconography ( no . 13 ) - the family tonnidae . 123 pp . , 30 numb . plus 41 ( 1 col . ) un - numb . text - figs , 33 maps . , 63 col . pls , conchbooks , germany page ( s ) : 28 [ details ]
( of dolium ( cadium ) link , 1807 ) bayer c . ( 1937 ) catalogue of the doliidae in the rijksmuseum van natuurlijke historie . zoologiscshe mededelingen , 20 ( 5 ) : 29 - 50 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 30 [ details ]
the symbols k . a . c . f . m . an . are used to indicate the geographical range of the species . they have been adopted to give an approxomation of the range of each species within new zealand .
vos , c . 2007 : a conchological iconography 13 , the family tonnidae , conchbooks , hackenheim , germany ( p . 28 )
brook , f . j . , marshall , b . a . 1998 : the coastal molluscan fauna of the northern kermadec islands , southwest pacific ocean , journal of the royal society of new zealand , 28 ( p . 221 )
paul , w . j . mar / 1979 : new zealand tonnidae , cookia , 3 ( 1 ) ( p . 21 )
powell , a . w . b . 1976 : on the considerable influx of warm water molluscs that have invaded northern new zealand waters within recent years , records of the auckland institute and museum , 13 ( p . 150 )
powell , a . w . b . 1974 : new zealand molluscan systematics with descriptions of new species : part 8 , records of the auckland institute and museum , 11 ( p . 204 )
note : localities are approximate , and represent only some of the known localities for the species .
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national inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc869 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc9b6 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3242651f - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3263aa0c - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3263abb7 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 34bb273b - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 129d058a - 6387 - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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pupilla muscorum , commonly known as the moss chrysalis snail or widespread column , is a species of minute air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family pupillidae .

pupilla muscorum

barna páll - gergely marked
pupilla muscorum
as trusted on the
pupilla muscorum
page .
subgenus pupilla ( pupilla ) j . fleming , 1828 represented as pupilla j . fleming , 1828
moss snail ( pupilla muscorum ) . picture : © stefan haller ( urltoken ) .
moss snail ( pupilla muscorum ) . picture : © malcolm storey ( urltoken ) .
subgenus pupilla ( afripupilla ) pilsbry , 1921 represented as pupilla j . fleming , 1828
subgenus pupilla ( fragipupilla ) schileyko , 1984 represented as pupilla j . fleming , 1828
subgenus pupilla ( striopupilla ) pilsbry , 1921 represented as pupilla j . fleming , 1828
» species pupilla ( pupilla ) triplicata ( s . studer , 1820 ) represented as pupilla triplicata ( s . studer , 1820 )
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
sammalkotilo
to
pupilla muscorum ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
' the ecological status of pupilla muscorum ( linné ) in holocene overbank alluvium at kingsmead bridge , wiltshire . '
hans - martin braun added the german common name
moospüppchen
to
pupilla muscorum ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
anderson , r . , ( 2016 ) . pupilla ( pupilla ) muscorum ( linnaeus 1758 ) . [ in ] molluscireland . urltoken accessed on 2018 - 07 - 09 .
hans - martin braun added the german common name
moos - puppenschnecke
to
pupilla muscorum ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
pupilla pratensis ( gastropoda : pupillidae ) in the czech republic and slovakia - its known distribution , ecology and conchometrical distinction from p . muscorum and p . alpicola
pupilla pratensis ( gastropoda : pupillidae ) in the czech republic and slovakia and its distinction from p . muscorum and p . alpicola based on multidimensional analysis of shell measurements
pupilla pratensis ( gastropoda : pupillidae ) in the czech republic and slovakia and its distinction from p . muscorum and p . alpicola based on multidimensional analysis of shell measurements | springerlink
pupilla pratensis ( gastropoda : pupillidae ) in the czech republic and slovakia - its known distribution , ecology and conchometrical distinction from p . muscorum and p . alpicola | masaryk university
( of pupilla ( pupilla ) muscorum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) bank , r . a . ; neubert , e . ( 2017 ) . checklist of the land and freshwater gastropoda of europe . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
although it is not clear whether any subspecies of this species are currently recognized , if subspecies do exist within this species , it would possibly be the type ( or nominate ) race , pupilla muscorum muscorum , that occurs in utah . the species , however , could well be considered monotypic .
» species pupilla ( pupilla ) anodon ( deshayes , 1863 ) † accepted as negulopsis anodon ( deshayes , 1863 ) † ( new combination ( cf . ) )
pupa ( pupilla ) j . fleming , 1828 ( considered as a separate genus )
all 20th century authors who have discussed this species in utah have used the currently accepted scientific name pupilla muscorum . chamberlin and jones ( 1929 ) applied to it the common name the two - toothed snail .
von proschwitz , t . , c . schander , u . jueg , and s . thorkildsen . 2009 . morphology , ecology , and dna - barcoding distinguish pupilla pratensis ( clessen , 1871 ) from pupilla muscorum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( pulmonata : pupillidae ) . journal of molluscan studies 75 : 315 - 322 .
( of pupilla ( pupilla ) j . fleming , 1828 ) bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
moss snails are ovoviviparous snails - their eggs can hibernate inside the mother ' s body and be laid in spring , when favourable conditions prevail . while the juveniles of pupilla muscorum usually hatch during oviposition ( and then crawl around with the amnion over their shells ) , the embryos of the alpine chrysalis snail ( pupilla alpicola ) need some additional days to develop before hatching .
how to see this species pupilla muscorum has been seen within the last decade only at benderg bay , co . down and portstewart strand , co . londonderry . areas where it was formerly common such as murlough nnr , garron point , bushfoot dunes , curran sands , whitepark bay and magilligan appear abandoned . it should be looked for by sieving sand and moss in fore dunes or around the edges of dune slacks .
( of pupilla ( afripupilla ) pilsbry , 1921 ) bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
( of pupilla ( fragipupilla ) schileyko , 1984 ) bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
species description the moss chrysalis snail is a small ( 3 - 3 . 5 mm ) , cylindrical shell of 6 - 7 whorls with a blunt , obtuse apex . the shell is brown , slightly glossy and finely striate . the aperture is dextral and has a single white denticle , with the outer lip reinforced internally by a strong white rib or callus . the lip is not reflected . in this it differs from lauria cylindracea which is superficially rather similar . lauria is in general a wall species with a predilection for climbing vertical surfaces , something which it does not share with pupilla . the lip in lauria is reflected outwards and is thickened and whitish and there is a single internal tooth .
( of pupilla ( striopupilla ) pilsbry , 1921 ) pilsbry h . a . ( 1920 - 1921 ) . pupillidae ( vertiginidae , pupillinae ) . manual of conchology , ser . 2 . 26 : 1 - 254 , pls 1 - 24 . [ part 101 : 1 - 64 , pls 1 - 8 , 23 december 1920 ; part 102 : 65 - 128 , pls 9 - 13 , 13 may 1921 ; part 103 , 129 - 192 , pls 14 - 18 , 4 august 1921 ; part 104 : 193 - 254 , i - iv , pls 19 - 24 , 21 december 1921 ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 153 , 155 [ details ]
chamberlin and jones ( 1929 ) mentioned :
a form known as xerobia [ sic ] pilsbry , commonly ranked as a subspecies , is reported to be the common form in colorado .
seemingly , chamberlin and jones ( 1929 ) , who noted
[ w ] e failed to take this species [ in utah ]
and clearly had not seen material from this state , were implying that this species , in utah , may be represented by the nominal race xerobia . pilsbry ( 1948 ) , who had earlier named the form xerobia , reversed his earlier opinion , stating that xerobia should
. . . be regarded as an arid station hunger form rather than a true race .
in modern terms , xerobia would be called an ecomorph .
only 5 occurrences have been reported in utah , all of them historical , these being in utah county ( ingersoll 1877 , chamberlin and jones 1929 ) , sevier county ( chamberlin and berry 1930 ) , salt lake county ( woolstenhulme 1942a ) , grand county ( henderson 1936 ) , and san juan county ( henderson 1936 ) .
abundance of this species in utah is not known . chamberlin and jones ( 1929 ) and chamberlin and berry ( 1930 ) , did not provide information regarding specimens . woolstenhulme ( 1942a ) reported a
new record
based on 1 utah specimen but did not indicate whether it was alive when collected or , perhaps , a very old , dead shell .
threats to this species in utah are not known but are thought not to be great . the population trend of this species in utah is unknown .
inventory is needed to determine whether this species , not reported in utah since 1942 ( and even then based on one specimen of unknown condition - - perhaps an old dead shell ) , is extant in the state as well as to determine the extent of its distribution and abundance . it should be sought throughout the wasatch mountains and the central high plateaus and in other mountainous areas of utah .
as with other species in the family pupillidae , this species is minute and living examples are difficult to find ; thus , it is easily missed unless special efforts are made to discover it .
habitat information for this species in utah is lacking . however , two of the reported localities are canyons descending west from the wasatch mountains ( chamberlin and jones 1929 , woolstenhulme 1942a ) and another is a moderately high ( approximately 8 , 000 - 9 , 000 ft elevation ) location in the central high plateaus ( chamberlin and berry 1930 ) . part of the locality data reported by woolstenhulme ( 1942a ) was
stepping stone spring
, which , though this species is terrestrial and would not have been in the spring itself unless it was dead ( drift ) material , suggests a moist , probably riparian site .
text modified from : oliver , george v . and william r . bosworth iii . 1999 . rare , imperiled , and recently extinct or extirpated mollusks of utah [ : ] a literature review . publication number 99 - 29 . utah division of wildlife resources , salt lake city . 230 pp .
linnæus , c . 1758 . systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . tomus i . editio decima , reformata . - pp . [ 1 - 4 ] , 1 - 824 . holmiæ . ( salvius ) .
shell usually light brown , varies from reddish brown to horny grey , weakly striated or almost smooth , 5 - 6 . 5 weakly convex whorls , suture not very deep , aperture usually with with well developed lip , cervical callus strongly developed , like a dam , parietal tooth usually present , palatal tooth sometimes too . differs from p . pratensis with which it lives sympatrically , in its thicker , smaller and more slender shell , lighter and more variable colour and stronger apertural lip . animal small , elliptical , dark with lighter sides and foot , upper tentacles not very long , lower tentacles very short .
on dry meadows , sand dunes , open and sunny habitats . calciphile . in portugal found under stones , dead leaves and in mosses . in britain frequent in sheep - grazed calcareous grasslands . in the alps in up to 2400 m , in bulgaria 1200 m . feeds mainly on dead plant remains on the soil , occasionally also green leaves . ovoviviparous . reproduction in france mainly between july and september , maximum release period in poland is june - august , the species is able to hibernate with eggs ( diameter 1 - 2 mm ) and can release eggs with partly grown embryos ( size 1 mm , 1 . 5 whorls ) in favourable seasons . individuals incubate 1 - 8 ( mostly 3 - 7 ) embryos thoughout the year , activity in poland is from march to october . maturity is probably reached in the second or third season . gravid individuals are not able to copulate , 0 - 20 % of the individuals at a given time are not gravid .
threatened by disturbance due to intensivation of land use of old calcareous grasslands in britain . vulnerable in vorarlberg , lower concern in austria and germany , decreasing ( 4r ) in bavaria .
proschwitz et al . 2009 provided evidence that pupa pratensis was a separate species , which had already been suggested by jueg 1997 . references : moquin - tandon 1853 : 225 , moquin - tandon 1855 : 392 ( life cycle ) , germain 1930 : 423 ( life cycle ) , nobre 1941 : 146 , damjanov & likharev 1975 : 99 , kerney et al . 1983 : 118 , grossu 1987 : 275 , falkner 1990 : 148 , vogt et al . 1994 : 103 , jueg 1997 , turner et al . 1998 : 162 , réal & réal - testud 1988 : 50 ( no record from corse since 1848 ) , kerney 1999 : 103 , pokryzsko 2001 ( life cycle ) , hubenov 2007 , proschwitz et al . 2009 , boschi 2011 : 239 , welter - schultes 2012 : 131 ( range map europe ) .
bennington co . , dorset , vermont . on concrete rubble , culvert in low grassy area between parking lot and vt 30 at quarry pond ( ca . 1 . 4 mi se dorset ) , h . lee ! 10 / 27 / 07 , visual reconnaissance . ( 3 . 0 to 3 . 6 mm . )
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county name all counties alcona alger allegan alpena antrim arenac baraga barry bay benzie berrien branch calhoun cass charlevoix cheboygan chippewa clare clinton crawford delta dickinson eaton emmet genesee gladwin gogebic grand traverse gratiot hillsdale houghton huron ingham ionia iosco iron isabella jackson kalamazoo kalkaska kent keweenaw lake lapeer leelanau lenawee livingston luce mackinac macomb manistee marquette mason mecosta menominee midland missaukee monroe montcalm montmorency muskegon newaygo oakland oceana ogemaw ontonagon osceola oscoda otsego ottawa presque isle roscommon saginaw sanilac schoolcraft shiawassee st . clair st . joseph tuscola van buren washtenaw wayne wexford
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : this species is relatively widespread and there is no threat known to this species . it is therefore considered to be least concern ( lc ) .
is a widespread species that occurs in almost all countries of the european union . its exact distribution is unknown , because parts of the literature records refer to
is in decline in most parts of its irish range . it is now local and rare on northern coasts where it was formerly common . it has almost vanished from the southern part of the central limestone plain probably due to the ' improvement ' of pastures for agriculture ( byrne
it has suffered a 66 % distributional decline in ireland . the coastal populations are becoming increasingly rare and local ( byrne
2009 ) . for the other subpopulations , there is no coherent information available on the population size or trend of this species .
2009 ) . in general it is known from dry meadows and grazed land on calcareous substrata .
2009 ) . elsewhere , there is no conservation action in place for this species .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
provoost , s . ; bonte , d . ( ed . ) ( 2004 ) . animated dunes : a view of biodiversity at the flemish coast [ levende duinen : een overzicht van de biodiversiteit aan de vlaamse kust ] . mededelingen van het instituut voor natuurbehoud , 22 . instituut voor natuurbehoud : brussel , belgium . isbn 90 - 403 - 0205 - 7 . 416 , ill . , appendices pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
the widespread column is a small land snail with an elongated shell that is 3 . 4 - 4 . 0 mm long and 1 . 5 - 1 . 7 mm wide .
updated 5 / 15 / 2018 . information is summarized from mnfi ' s database of rare species and community occurrences . data may not reflect true distribution since much of the state has not been thoroughly surveyed .
this species inhabits calcareous slopes and wetlands . it is thought to be tolerant of disturbed habitats such as roadsides , culverts , and even quarries . in michigan , it has been documented only from a rocky woodland and roadside cedar swamp .
for each species , lists of natural communities were derived from review of the nearly 6 , 500 element occurrences in the mnfi database , in addition to herbarium label data for some taxa . in most cases , at least one specimen record exists for each listed natural community . for certain taxa , especially poorly collected or extirpated species of prairie and savanna habitats , natural community lists were derived from inferences from collection sites and habitat preferences in immediately adjacent states ( particularly indiana and illinois ) . natural communities are not listed for those species documented only from altered or ruderal habitats in michigan , especially for taxa that occur in a variety of habitats outside of the state .
natural communities are not listed in order of frequency of occurrence , but are rather derived from the full set of natural communities , organized by ecological group . in many cases , the general habitat descriptions should provide greater clarity and direction to the surveyor . in future versions of the rare species explorer , we hope to incorporate natural community fidelity ranks for each taxon .
this species may be more tolerant of disturbance than most rare snails . however , land - use activities that remove forest canopy cover and alter critical habitat requirements such as cool microclimate and moisture availability should be avoided at occupied sites . these include activities such as timber harvesting , residential development , and road building . the species also is sensitive to excessive trampling and orv use .
surveys can be conducted anytime during the growing season , but are most successful in spring and fall following rain showers or when soil is moist , during high relative humidity and cooler temperatures . in addition to visual surveys , surveyors can collect samples of leaf litter , turf , and loose soil , dry in a low - temperature oven , and sift through , looking for shells .
michigan natural features inventory . 2007 . rare species explorer ( web application ) . available online at urltoken [ accessed jul 9 , 2018 ]
nekola , j . c . 1998 . terrestrial gastropd inventory of the niagaran escarpment and keweenaw volcanic belt in michigan ' s upper peninsula . small grants program , 1998 nongame wildlife fund , natural heritage program , michigan dnr , lansing . 133pp .
schilthuizen , m . and h . a . rutjes . 2001 . land snail diversity in a square kilometer of tropical rainforest in sabah , malaysian borneo . journal of molluscan studies 67 : 417 - 423 .
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turgeon , d . d . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , w . k . emerson , w . g . lyons , w . pratt , et al .
turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .
common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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chrysalis snails have their name from their outward resemblance with a holometabole insect ' s chrysalis . they are usually larger than whorl snails ( vertiginidae ) and have distinct , if short , lower tentacles . chrysalis snails are very widely distributed , they can be found on all continents , except antarctica ; in europe their distribution in the north stretches beyond the arctic circle , in the alps beyond 2000 m msl .
the common name chrysalis snails is used for whorl snails ( vertiginidae ) , as well as lauriidae and pupillidae , all of which share the same superfamily , pupilloidea .
description : the moss snail usually has a light brown shell , whose colour may vary between reddish brown and yellowish horn colour . the shell is slightly striated , but may also almost have a smooth surface . the whorls are slightly rounded at the outside , the suture separating them is not very deep . the aperture lip usually is well developed , and on the back of the apertural whorl the snail has a prominent callus well visible because of its whitish colour . in the shell mouth there usually is a parietal ( upper ) tooth ; there may also be a palatal ( lower ) tooth or lamella , which often melts with the shell wall .
the snail ' s body is small with an elliptic foot , which is dark coloured , becoming lighter coloured at the flanks and the sole . the upper tentacles are not very long , the lower ones are very short .
dimensions : h : 3 - 4 mm ; w : 1 . 65 - 1 . 75 mm ; u : 5 - 6 ½ . ( abbreviations ) .
moss snails live on dry meadows , even on sand hills and in more or less open and sunny places . the snail usually prefers calciferous ground , but is also described as indifferent to the ground limestone content ( e
, p . ( 1956 ) , p . 46 ) . in portugal it can also be found under stones , in the leaf litter and in mosses . in great britain it is also often found on calciferous sheep pastures .
) - moss snails practically are found everywhere in europe . in the alps the altitude limit for
( 1956 ) , see above ) , whereas the alpine chrysalis snail , for example , can be found as high as 2400 m msl .
falkner , m . , von proschwitz , t . & rüetschi , j .
justification : there are uncertainties about the distribution of this species as different taxonomic concepts have been applied for this species . a taxonomic revision of this species is necessary and subsequently the distribution in europe as well as status of the populations needs to be researched . it is listed as data deficient ( dd ) . this species has also been assessed at the regional level : european regional assessment : data deficient ( dd ) eu27 regional assessment : data deficient ( dd ) at the level of the 27 member states of the european union
it is difficult to define the species distribution as different taxonomic concepts have been applied to this species .
there is no information available as the taxonomic concept of this species is under debate .
in switzerland , the species is listed as critically endangered , due to the strong population declines . there is no information available as the taxonomic concept of this species is under debate . a taxonomic revision of this species is necessary and subsequently the distribution in europe as well as status of the populations needs to be researched .
falkner , m . , von proschwitz , t . & rüetschi , j . 2011 .
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data and apps idaho fish and wildlife information system bringing information to bear on the management and conservation of fish , wildlife , and plants in idaho .
beran l . , juřičková l . & horsák m . 2005 . —mollusca ( měkkýši ) , pp . 69–74 . in : farkač j . , král d . & škorpík m . ( eds ) , červený seznam ohrožených druhů české republiky . bezobratlí [ red list of threatened species in the czech republic . invertebrates ] , agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny čr , praha .
brabenec j . 1970 . měkkýši státní přírodní rezervace dubno . ( molluskenfauna des naturschutzgebietes dubno ) . práce stud . přírodověd .
clessin s . 1871 . die mollusken - fauna der umgegend von augsburg . ber . naturhist . ver . augsburg
clessin s . 1887–1890 . die molluskenfauna mitteleuropa’s . ii . theil . diemolluskenfauna österreich - ungarns und der schweiz . bauer & raspe , nürnberg , 858 pp .
ehrendorfer f . & hamann u . 1965 . vorschläge zu einer floristischen kartierung von mitteleuropa . ber . deutsch . bot . gesell .
horsák m . 2003 . how to sample mollusc communities in mires easily . malacol . bohemoslov .
horsák m . 2005 . molluscs , pp . 197–208 . in : poulíčková a . , hájek m . & rybníček k . . ( eds ) , ecology and palaeoecology of spring fens in the western part of the carpathians , palacky university , olomouc .
( linnaeus , 1758 ) im nsg ‘klädener plage’ ( mecklenburg - vorpommern , landkreis parchim ) : ein beitrag zur ökologie , gehäusemorphologie und systematik der art ( gastropoda : stylommatophora : pupillidae ) . malakol . abh .
juřičkovák m . & beran l . 2001 . check - list of the molluscs ( mollusca ) of the czech republic . acta soc . zool . bohem .
juřičková l . , horsák m . , beran l . & dvořák l . 2008 . check - list of the molluscs ( mollusca ) of the czech republic . available from
kerney m . p . , cameron r . a . d . & jungbluth j . h . 1983 . die landschnecken nord - und mitteleuropas . verlag paul parey , hamburg und berlin , 384 pp .
ložek v . 1956 . klíč československých měkkýšů [ the key of czechoslovakian molluscs ] . vydavateľstvo slovenskej akadémie vied , bratislava , 435 pp .
ložek v . 1992 . měkkýši ( mollusca ) , pp . 22–39 . in : škapec l . ( ed . ) , červená kniha ohrožených a vzácných rostlin a živočichů čsfr . 3 . bezobratlí [ red book of threatened and rare plants and animals of czechoslovakia . 3 . invertebrates ] , príroda , bratislava .
rafajová a . 2002 . měkkýší fauna dlouhé meze v chko železné hory [ molluscs of the dlouhá mez in the protected landscape area železné hory mts ( east bohemia , czech republic ) ] . východočes . sb . přírodověd . práce a studie
sádlo j . 2000 . původ travinné vegetace slatin v čechách : sukcese kontra cenogeneze [ the origin of grassland vegetation of fen peats in the czech republic : succession versus coenogenesis ] . preslia
ter braak c . j . f . & šmilauer p . 2002 . canoco reference manual and canodraw for windows user’s guide : software for canonical community ordination ( version 4 . 5 ) . microcomputer power , ithaca , ny , 500 pp .
( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( pulmonata : pupillidae ) . j . mollusc . stud .
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click here to view an interactive map of the northern ireland dataset as currently collated by cedar . the map is generated through the nbn gateway using their interactive mapping tool .
a northern ireland priority species which has been red - listed as endangered ( en ) in ireland ( byrne et al . , 2009 )
life cycle adults are present at all times of year . breeding probably takes place during the spring and summer months
current status much rarer than formerly in n . ireland due to abandonment of dune management and grazing , particularly at murlough nnr , bushfoot dunes , curran sands and much of magilligan .
it is a priority species in northern ireland and listed as endangered ( en ) in the irish red list ( byrne et al . , 2009 )
what you can do this small shell should be looked for in dune areas kept clear of vegetation either by natural sand movement or by grazing . if you encounter something which suggests this species please note the locality from an os map and report the details , with a specimen or specimens to cedar ( record centre manager , cedar , national museums northern ireland , cultra , holywood , co . down , bt18 0eu ; cedar . info @ nmni . com ) .
literature anderson , r . ( 1997 ) . an annotated list of the land and freshwater mollusca of northern ireland . environment and heritage service research & development series .
bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
( of paracoryna flach , 1890 † ) nordsieck , h . ( 2014 ) . annotated check - list of the genera of fossil land snails ( gastropoda : stylommatophora ) of western and central europe ( cretaceous – pliocene ) , with description of new taxa . archiv für molluskenkunde : international journal of malacology . 143 ( 2 ) : 153 - 185 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 158 [ details ]
( of torquatella held , 1838 ) bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
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turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , p . m . mikkelsen , r . j . neves , c . f . e . roper , g . rosenberg , b . roth , a . scheltema , f . g . thompson , m . vecchione , and j . d . williams . 1998 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks . 2nd edition . american fisheries society special publication 26 , bethesda , maryland : 526 pp .
this species inhabits nearly the entire range of the genus and is known throughout the northern hemisphere in europe , northernmost africa , northern asia , and north america . although pilsbry ( 1948 ) and hubricht ( 1985 ) report this as a native north american species , native populations exist in subalpine forests in the rockies and tundra habitats as far south as churchill , manitoba and the northern shore of the st . lawrence in quebec , and are commonly present as full - glacial fossils ; however , these populations differ in shell features from the disturbance tolerant form common to anthropogenic habitats from the mid - atlantic states to iowa and minnesota ( nekola , 2008 ) . the latter populations likely represent a recently escaped european population .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
( > 2 , 500 , 000 square km ( greater than 1 , 000 , 000 square miles ) ) this species inhabits nearly the entire range of the genus and is known throughout the northern hemisphere in europe , northernmost africa , northern asia , and north america . although pilsbry ( 1948 ) and hubricht ( 1985 ) report this as a native north american species , native populations exist in subalpine forests in the rockies and tundra habitats as far south as churchill , manitoba and the northern shore of the st . lawrence in quebec , and are commonly present as full - glacial fossils ; however , these populations differ in shell features from the disturbance tolerant form common to anthropogenic habitats from the mid - atlantic states to iowa and minnesota ( nekola , 2008 ) . the latter populations likely represent a recently escaped european population .
east - central north american populations ( maine and tennessee west to eastern iowa ) generally occur in disturbed anthropogenic habitats such as road verges , vacant lots , abandoned quarries , old fields , and concrete culverts ( hubricht , 1985 ) although they may also occasionally inhabit less disturbed carbonate cliff , glade , and grassland sites . to the north ( newfoundland , the north shore of the st . lawrence to northwestern minnesota and the southern shore of hudsons bay ) populations occur on bare soil , under stones , on turf , and in thin leaf litter accumulations on sandy or rocky shorelines and in tundra ( nekola and coles , 2010 ) .
occurrences are based on some evidence of historical or current presence of single or multiple specimens , including live specimens or recently dead shells ( i . e . , soft tissue still attached without signs of external weathering or staining ) , at a given location with potentially recurring existence . weathered shells constitute a historic occurrence . evidence is derived from reliable published observation or collection data ; unpublished , though documented ( i . e . government or agency reports , web sites , etc . ) observation or collection data ; or museum specimen information .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
anderson , t . k . 2005 . land snail diversity in wind cave national park , south dakota . western north american naturalist , 65 ( 2 ) : 186 - 195 .
cheatum , e . p . , and r . w . fullington . 1973 . the aquatic and land mollusca of texas . part ii : the recent and pleistocene members of the pupillidae and urocoptidae ( gastropoda ) in texas . dallas museum of natural history , bulletin 1 . 67 pp .
dourson , d . c . 2015 . land snails of west virginia . goatslug publications , bakersville , north carolina . 412 pp .
harris , s . a . and e . pip . 1973 . molluscs as indicators of late - and post - glacial history in alberta . canadian journal of zoology , 51 : 209 - 215 .
hotopp , k . and t . a . pearce . 2007 . land snails in new york : statewide distribution and talus site faunas . final report for contract # nyher 041129 submitted to new york state biodiversity research institute , new york state museum , albany , new york . 91 pp .
hubricht , l . 1985 . the distribution of the native land mollusks of the eastern united states . fieldiana : zoology , 24 : 1 - 191 .
jass , c . n . , j . i . mead , a . d . morrison , and l . d . agebroad . 2002 . late pleistocene mollusks from the southern black hills , south dakota . western north american naturalist , 62 ( 2 ) : 129 - 140 .
neck , r . w . 1989 . additional terrestrial gastropods of travis county , texas . malacology data net , 2 ( 5 / 6 ) : 135 - 143 .
nekola , j . c . 2008 . land snail ecology and biogeography of eastern maine . final report submitted to : maine department of inland fisheries & wildlife and the aroostook hills and lowlands inventory , january 27 , 2008 . 119 pp .
nekola , j . c . and b . f . coles . 2010 . pupillid land snails of eastern north america . american malacological bulletin 28 : 29 - 57 .
nekola , j . c . , b . f . coles , and u . bergthorsson . 2009 . evolutionary pattern and process within the vertigo gouldii ( mollusca : pulmonata : pupillidae ) group of minute north american land snails . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 53 : 1010 - 1024 .
pilsbry , h . a . 1948 . land mollusca of north america ( north of mexico ) . monograph of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , 2 ( 2 ) : 521 - 1113 .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
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a short cylindrical shell of 6 - 7 whorls with a blunt , obtuse apex . aperture has a single , white , parietal denticle . there is a strong white rib or callus behind the lip which can be seen through the shell from the side . the lip itself is slightly thickened but not reflected . the shell is brown , faintly glossy and finely striate . widespread but declining .
found across europe and siberia to the far east . also in northern north america . distribution type : circumpolar wide - temperate ( 66 ) .
in decline in most parts of its irish range . now local and rare on northern coasts where it was formerly common . it has almost vanished from the southern part of the central limestone plain probably due to the ' improvement ' of pastures for agriculture .
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full reference : c . linnaeus . 1758 . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima 1 : 1 - 824
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