brown sugar is a 1922 british silent romance film directed by fred paul and starring owen nares , lillian hall-davis and eric lewis .

it was based on a play by lady arthur lever .

brown sugar ( 1922 film )

da fo de tong kong ( the eyes of buddha ) , a 1922 film that starred liu xiyang , the country ' s first film actor .
at the heart of the american sugar industry was the domino sugar company . founded during the height of the industrial revolution , in 1807 , the company was created by william and frederick hevemeyer in the city of new york . the company led industry efforts to gain control of brown sugar production and to restrict price competition in the sugar industry . one of the primary tools used was to mount a smear campaign to denigrate brown sugar , whose refining it did not completely control . by blowing up photographs ( taken through microscopes ) of grotesque but harmless microbes found in brown sugar , reproducing and then distributing them with warning of the supposed dangers of eating brown sugar , the company convinced the american public that brown sugar was of an inferior quality than white refined sugar . 6
bogle , donald . brown sugar : eighty years of america ' s black female superstars . new york : harmony books , 1980 .
the story of brown sugar begins , unsurprisingly , with the story of sugar . sugars are natural ingredients found in most plants but what we have come to known as sugar is often extracted from sugarcane and sugar beets . sugar cane , from the genus saccharum , was originally cultivated in tropical climates in south and southeast asia . 1 neither should it be a surprise that the road from brown sugar to white sugar looks very much like the roads taken to get to white bread , white flour , and white cotton . all have similar histories where the unnatural but white version is preferred or is seen as a higher quality than the browner , natural varieties . 2
the orris d . brown collection , no . 4 - the great houston flood of 1935
sticky and compact , i remember struggling to handle this strange sugar during family barbeques as we seasoned our meat . as i thought about it , i realized besides an occasional pineapple upside down cake , outside of barbeque , i couldn’t recall ever having used brown sugar . why was that , i asked ?
the orris d . brown collection , no . 4 - the great houston flood of 1935 - tami
future learning and skills – giving everyone the opportunity to build a lifelong relationship with film .
) . in 1936 , brown filed for a u . s . patent for a moving picture machine through which to view films . he moved into professional filmmaking as an employee of empire and superior studios in the 1940s and 50s to film full - length pictures . orris d . brown was a shriner and a free mason . he passed away in 1965 .
mintz , sidney w . sweetness and power : the place of sugar in modern history . ( new york : penguin , 1985 ) , 285 .
orris brown orris d . brown flood rain rainwater flooding raining 1935 1930s houston harris county houston , tx streets downtown hotel building buildings store stores wade wading toledo scales bridge debris house home boat boats canoe canoes paddle paddles paddling power power line power lines school bike bicycle scott ' s level best
eichner , alfred s . the emergence of oligopoly : sugar refining as a case study . ( baltimore : johns hopkins , 1969 ) , 68 - 69 .
two eggs well beaten , one - cup brown sugar , two teaspoons ginger , one - cup n . o . molasses ( boiled ) , one - teaspoon baking soda , flour to roll out . mix in the order given . i poured the molasses into a pot and watched small bubbles form and subsequently burst as the dark liquid began to heat . as the molasses boiled on the stove , i started mixing the ingredients in the order specified in the recipe . after the eggs had been beaten furiously with my new silver whisk , i began to measure the brown sugar for what i hoped would be a delicious dessert .
kiple , kenneth f . , and kriemhild coneè ornelas . “sugar . ” the cambridge world history of food . ( cambridge : cambridge up , 2000 ) , 284 .
orris dorr brown was born in 1890 in henderson , texas . he married edna myra webb in 1923 , and together they traveled domestically and abroad teaching cake decorating techniques using edible sugar . brown became interested in filmmaking in the early 1930s and began filming scenery and sites as he traveled . texas became the focus of many of his films , and he traveled extensively throughout the state to document historical figures and locations , most notably scenes of uncle jeff hamilton , sam houston ' s personal slave (
megan parisi , head brewer at sam adams nano brewery in boston , hadn ' t heard of the 1922 silent film blood and sand , starring early 20th - century heartthrob valentino , but she was a fan of the cocktail that bears the movie ' s name : a blend of scotch , vermouth , cherry heering liqueur and a touch of blood orange juice .
starting with the sweet and tart flavor profile of the tamarind , the distillers packed as much of the fruit as they could into neutral grain spirits , then added lemon zest and brown sugar to bring out some of the tangy , nutty tones already found in the tamarind .
we wanted to be really true to the flavor ,
says oakes .
knight , arthur . disintegrating the musical : black performance and american musical film , duke university press ( 2002 ) , pp . 72–76 .
mcdaniel ' s first marriage ended brutally in 1922 , when her husband of three months , george langford , was reportedly killed by gunfire . her career was much better , including a first radio performance in 1925 on denver ' s koa station . mcdaniel was one of the first black women to be heard on american radio .
according to the fiaf database , the bfi / national film and television archive ( london ) has material on this title . no format is specified . ~ roger
came up i guess i will go forward . one british director i have been interested in is walter summers , just based on what an excellent film i feel
here ' s everything that came up in fiaf ( which doesn ' t really cover anything past 1931 ) for walter summers . no indication is made as to available formats or completeness for these titles . 1 . battles of coronel and falkland islands , the summers , walter united kingdom 1928 bfi / national film and television archive ( london ) [ gbb ] 2 . battles of coronel and falkland islands , the ( trailer ) summers , walter 1928 national film and sound archive , australia ( canberra ) [ auc ] 3 . bolibar summers , walter united kingdom 1928 bfi / national film and television archive ( london ) [ gbb ] 4 . flying fool , the summers , walter united kingdom 1931 bfi / national film and television archive ( london ) [ gbb ] 5 . maisie ' s marriage butler , alexander united kingdom 1923 bfi / national film and television archive ( london ) [ gbb ] 6 . men like these summers , walter united kingdom 1931 bfi / national film and television archive ( london ) [ gbb ] 7 . mons summers , walter united kingdom 1926 bfi / national film and television archive ( london ) [ gbb ] 8 . nelson summers , walter united kingdom 1926 bfi / national film and television archive ( london ) [ gbb ] 9 . raise the roof summers , walter united kingdom 1930 bfi / national film and television archive ( london ) [ gbb ] 10 . she de cordova , leander united kingdom 1925 cinémathèque royale ( bruxelles ) [ beb ] 11 . ypres summers , walter united kingdom 1925 bfi / national film and television archive ( london ) [ gbb ] ~ roger
a lord marries an actress and she takes the blame for gambling brother . [ sourced from the british film catalogue : volume 1 : denis gifford : 3rd edition ]
in 1936 . he sang a number of duets with jolson , and the film included calloway ' s band and cast of 22 cotton club dancers from new york .
three hundred years after being introduced to europeans by christopher columbus in 1492 , 3 by the 19th century , sugar was considered a necessity . 4 this evolution of taste and demand for sugar had major economic and social implications for the entire world . as a result of this demand , tropical islands were colonized and sugarcane plantations began ‘cropping up’ in record numbers . consequently , the demand for cheap labor to assist in the labor - intensive cultivation and processing of sugarcane contributed greatly to the transatlantic slave trade , which displaced many african peoples . 5
rogerskarsten wrote : according to the fiaf database , the bfi / national film and television archive ( london ) has material on this title . no format is specified . ~ roger
( introducing taiwan today ) , a documentary shot in over a hundred villages and meant to showcase japan’s civilizing influence on taiwan . the first taiwanese feature film was tanaka king ' s
n 1963 , the central motion picture corporation introduced the
health realism
genre , designed to promote the roc ' s agenda . the last taiwanese film shot exclusively in taiwanese was in 1981 .
in 1943 calloway appeared in the high - profile 20th century fox musical film stormy weather . stormy weather was one of the first films that featured an all - star black cast . [ 14 ]
somebody asked this question on another board but didn ' t receive any helpful answers . i thought it worth pursuing . nelson seems to be cedric hardwicke ' s first film . any info is appreciated . thanks
curiously enough , it didn ' t . i thought it was a long time since i ' d had a post on silent film and poetry , did a word search or two on the handy old poetry (
if humboldt would be surprised to find his life ' s work as inspiration for a cordial , then silent film star rudolph valentino might be equally unprepared to be connected with a beer — by way of a cocktail .
history did i double - back and find spadeneal reference to the hooley film among a discussion to which i ' d been contributing . so purest coincidence and me being dumb . anyway , here ' s the link :
( pili ) began televising , a popular drama that still airs today . the puppets have grown more ornate over the years and now seem to even cry tears and cough blood . in 2000 , pili made a film ,
in klein ' s film , clouds of red smoke billowing behind the frozen - in - time models inspired master whisky maker bob dalgarno to choose rioja red wine casks for aging the whisky , an unusual move for the distillery , according to charles whitfield , the macallan ' s manager of brand education and prestige whiskies .
this was the first time we ever used rioja casks ,
says whitfield ,
but steven ' s film inspired us to innovate .
the resulting whisky — which is also peated to mimic the smokiness in the film , something not typically characteristic of the macallan ' s line — has a pinkish - red hue with underlying tones of sweet berries .
calloway and his band starred in hi - de - ho ( 1947 ) , an all - black full - length film directed by josh binney . caricatures of calloway appeared in the porky pig cartoons porky at the crocadero and swooner crooner .
as i turned down the heat on the molasses to allow it simmer , i carefully added ground ginger . watching the ginger disappear into the creamy brown concoction , i thought back to my ancestors . it wouldn’t surprise me if at some point in history one of them had made the same treat for her master’s children while her own children toiled in the hot sun picking cotton or harvesting sugarcane .
mcdaniel spent much of 1940 touring the country as mammy , and in the following year she appeared in three substantial film roles , earning no less than $ 31 , 000 for her efforts . she was married , for a third time , to james l . crawford in 1941 .
while the beer itself has a darker tone , imparted from a cherry smoked malt , parisi didn ' t want to be completely literal in her interpretation by producing a blood - red beer , instead relying on the label art of a matador zombie to provide visual references to the film .
hattie mcdaniel ' s portrayal of the
mammy
figure in the film gone with the wind , for which she received an academy award for best supporting actress in 1940 , is still widely seen as a role that could only have been played by her . she was the first african american to receive an oscar .
i keep rattling on about ' suspense ' too . . . . . it does creak at times , like only a 1930 sound picture can , but it does sweep you along , and it gets to you ; there are stand - out performances from the cast , particularly hay petrie , and it ' s the best film about the trenches of ww1 i know .
as a result of the success of
minnie the moocher
, calloway became identified with its chorus , gaining the nickname
the hi de ho man
. he also performed in the 1930s in a series of short films for paramount . ( calloway ' s and ellington ' s groups were featured on film more than any other jazz orchestras of the era . ) in these films , calloway can be seen performing a gliding backstep dance move , which some observers have described as the precursor to michael jackson ' s
moonwalk
. calloway said 50 years later ,
it was called the buzz back then .
[ 8 ] the 1933 film international house featured calloway performing his classic song ,
reefer man
, a tune about a man who favors marijuana cigarettes . [ 9 ]
according to music historian arthur knight , the film aimed in part
to both erase and celebrate boundaries and differences , including most emphatically the color line .
he also notes that
when calloway begins singing in his characteristic style – in which the words are tools for exploring rhythm and stretching melody – it becomes clear that american culture is changing around jolson and with ( and through ) calloway
.
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collaborating with visual artist steven klein , scotch whisky company the macallan crafted a limited edition single malt as part of their
masters of photography
series , which has included photographers annie liebovitz and mario testino as contributors , among others . klein created a short film that focuses on the concept of capturing a moment in time , alluding to how integral time is to the making of whisky . think the
mannequin challenge
with an industrial - chic vibe .
in 1935 mcdaniel played
mom beck
in the little colonel . a number of african american journalists objected to hattie ' s performance in the film . they charged that the character of mom beck , a happy black servant in the old south , implied that black people might have been happier as slaves than they were as free individuals . this movie marked the beginning of mcdaniel ' s long feud with the more progressive elements of the african american community .
renewed interest in calloway occurred in 1980 when he appeared in the hit film the blues brothers , performing
minnie the moocher .
he also sang
the jumpin ' jive
with the two - headed monster on the children ' s tv series sesame street . this also was the year the cult movie forbidden zone was released , which included rearrangements of , and homages to , calloway songs written by calloway fan danny elfman , performed by elfman and his band , the mystic knights of the oingo boingo .
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a lord weds an actress and she takes the blame for his gambling brother .
trippy indie madeline ' s madeline is the movie that lakeith stanfield and boots riley from sorry to bother you want to see the most .
with jurassic world : fallen kingdom now in cinemas , we take a look at how imdb users rated the films of the franchise . plus , browse exclusive lego® jurassic world playsets , presented by lego .
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leonard maltin classic movie guide , copyright 2005 , 2010 . used by arrangement with penguin group ( usa ) inc .
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more songs by zz top ( see charts ) : enjoy and get it on , backdoor medley : backdoor love affair / mellow down easy / backdoor love affair no . 2 / long distance boogie , avalon hideaway , manic mechanic , ( somebody else been ) shaking your tree , it ' s only love , heard it on the x , i ' m bad , i ' m nationwide , sleeping bag , and i thank you .
popular in blues ( see charts ) : the voice , slabo day , a million miles away , wedding bell blues ( will you marry me bill ) , piece of my heart , innocent when you dream , the thrill is gone , wooden heart , blues in the night ( my mama done tol ' me ) , and man of the world .
use at most three hashtags in your comment to connect the song with a topic ( i . e . # live or # workout ) . it must contain at least one letter . you can view a toplist for every tag .
from left , von humbolt ' s natur wasser , named after the german explorer and naturalist ; blood & sand , inspired by silent movie star rudolph valentino ; and a single malt by macallan in collaboration with artist steven klein .
if you ' ve never heard of alexander von humboldt , a once world - renowned prussian scientist who predicted man - made climate change in 1800 and was an adviser to president thomas jefferson , then a new hampshire distillery is aiming to change that , one glass at a time .
one of the things that really struck a chord with us was that humboldt was fascinated by nature , and we ' re fascinated by it , too ,
says jamie oakes of tamworth distilling .
we ' ll take a walk through a sunny pine grove and then try to figure out how we can distill those smells in liquid form .
oakes and fellow tamworth distiller matt power were particularly inspired by andrea wulf ' s book , the invention of nature : alexander von humboldt ' s new world , which chronicles the naturalist ' s global exploration of plants , animals , geography , geology and meteorology . zeroing in on a passage detailing purchases made by humboldt from capuchin monks before he ventured onto venezuela ' s rio apure , the two distillers were intrigued by the tamarind pods said to turn the brackish river water into a
refreshing lemonade .
shortly thereafter , they set about creating a tamarind cordial under the moniker of
von humboldt ' s natur wasser .
most of the time , we ' re limited by what we can grow here in the northeast ,
says power ,
but this concept allowed us to spread outside with a more global ingredient list .
the tamarind is pretty versatile , with some fatty , creamy qualities ,
notes power .
it plays well with rum and whisky , or in place of triple sec for a margarita .
i love scotch , and there aren ' t many scotch - based cocktails ,
says parisi ,
so the blood and sand is one of my favorites . but then i got interested to learn more about the movie and how the cocktail evolved .
a melodramatic tale of a doomed adulterous bullfighter , blood and sand was reported to be valentino ' s personal favorite performance , with the cocktail recipe by the same name first appearing in the 1930s savoy cocktail book , just a few years after valentino ' s own untimely death . spiked with blood - red ingredients , the drink is as dramatic as its namesake .
for parisi , the trick was in translating that inspiration to a beer , which she says is not as easy as it sounds .
there ' s no way to really mimic a cocktail in a beer ,
she says ,
but you can reflect the flavors and the experience .
she chose to focus on manipulating the grains at different temperatures to create more body and a higher alcohol content , which she felt would provide that scotch - like element .
you can get totally different beers just by making minor temperature changes ,
says parisi ,
so i was looking to get a little bit of smoke and lingering richness .
you can paint a flavor picture based on literature , music and movies without being too obvious ,
she says .
for instance , we did a beer based on the movie the sixth sense , and we used ghost pepper to bring just enough heat to be a little scary .
the stereotype with whisky is that it ' s boring and traditional ,
says whitfield .
collaborating with an artist like this allows us to break out of that mold .
while the macallan sees their collaborations with artists like klein as a way to reach a new audience , the tamworth distillers are hopeful that their natur wasser project brings more attention to humboldt ' s work .
we ' re trying to do him a service by learning a bit about what was valuable to him and sharing it with other people ,
says power .
if that knowledge comes by way of a cocktail , why not ?
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check out the slideshow of some of our favorite celebrities who served in the military . can you identify the famous face in uniform ?
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her style and grace were legendary , and her image came to define the 1960s . she captured the hearts of world leaders , fashion icons and people all over the planet , who knew her as jackie kennedy , jacqueline onassis , or simply jackie o . but who was the real jacqueline lee bouvier kennedy onassis ? take our quiz and find out .
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the digital preservation of this collection was made possible by a grant to the texas archive of the moving image and the houston public library from the texas state library and archives commission and the u . s . institute of museum and library services .
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course offered in the fall 2015 semester in the center for documentary studies . utilizing rubenstein library resources , students in the class were asked to explore the history of a
ingredient of their choice , find a recipe that exemplified their chosen ingredient , and prepare it for the class . the following is amari’s research paper submitted for the class .
abreu galindo , juan de , and alejandro cioranescu . historia de la conquista de las siete islas de canarias . ( santa cruz de tenerife : goya ediciones , 1955 ) , 385 .
fryer , peter . black people in the british empire : an introduction . ( london : pluto , 1988 ) , 252 .
lincoln , mary johnson bailey . mrs . lincoln’s boston cook book : what to do and what not to do in cooking . ( boston : roberts brothers , 1884 ) , 458 .
cummings , richard osborn . the american and his food . ( new york : arno , 1970 ) , 114 .
cornish , audie . “artist kara walker draws us into bitter history with something sweet . ” npr . ( 16 may 2014 ) .
callahan , yesha . “reactions to kara walker’s a subtlety prove a black woman will be sexualized , even in art . ” the root . ( root , 28 may 2014 ) .
cadwalladr , carole . “iman : ‘ i am the face of a refugee ' ” the guardian . 28 june 2014 .
figoni , paula . how baking works : exploring the fundamentals of baking science . ( hoboken , nj : john wiley & sons , 2011 ) , 82 .
dispatches from the david m . rubenstein rare book and manuscript library at duke university
welcome to the blog of the david m . rubenstein rare book & manuscript library at duke university .
questions ? e - mail us at special - collections ( at ) duke . edu .
maria varela collection of civil rights movement digital surrogates , 1964 - 1967 and undated .
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thanks , roger . sounds like lord nelson is under house arrest at bfi .
really do not sound promising . but others do . the director ' s name is added where summers only worked on a project as a writer , and it ' s worth mentioning that he contributed to the writing on all of his own films .
a couple of qualifications ; there was no company called
g . b . samuelson productions
but this is used as a blanket title as samuelson seems to have founded companies , run them a couple of years , they ' d fail and he ' d found another . also
is kind of a mystery as it only appears on imdb , with a truncated cast list , and is mentioned nowhere on bfi ; perhaps this is an alternate title . summers seems to have been credited for the 1930 version of
based on his contribution to the original script , but probably did not have a direct hand in the later version .
naturally i would appreciate any word on the status of these pictures , whether extant , not or i got something wrong here . - - spadeneal
i pagliacci ( 1923 , co - directed with g . b . samuelson & s . w . smith )
should a doctor tell ? ( 1923 , writer - director : alexander butler & p . j . ramster )
she ( 1925 , writer - director : leander de cordova & g . b . samuelson ) extant
should a doctor tell ? ( 1930 , writer - director : h . manning haynes )
; of the various films i read about in connection with summers that sounded very interesting . thanks to urbanora for confirming the existence of
as that also seemed like a very interesting title ; i had run into a page by the british navy about films dealing with them that seemed to indicate that the title was not available . that ' s also good news about mons as it appears to have been the inspiration for teresa hooley ' s poem
btw you can add the mutiny of the elsinore to the list of survivors . i found that there is a public domain dvd of it available in the us as part of collection of pirate - themed movies . spadeneal
and if you follow the link to the britishpathe site via the post on mr urbanora ' s bioscope blog , you can ( i assume , it may be uk only ) watch ypres . . . .
yes , as a matter of fact i did just that last night after reading the latest bioscope post . i wonder if this thread inspired that post in any way . . . ~ roger
) site , and found teresa hooley ' s poem . only when i started pursuing the
is another survivor . that ' s getting to be most of the sound films - - looks like summers is pretty well represented overall .
< < new electronic 12
releases 9 / 07 @ amoeba hollywood - shed , barker . . .
others as the sole legitimate government of the mainland . still others believe it to be an island with a unique history stretching back thousands of years and with a distinct culture made up of
the first films shown in taiwan were brought by the japanese , as early as 1901 . as with japanese films , they relied on a narrator ( rather than intertitles ) by figures known in taiwan as benzi . the first taiwanese benzi was also a musician and composer , wang yung - feng .
( takamatsu toyojiro ) began exhibiting films from europe and japan and built eight theaters . in february 1907 , he filmed
) ( 1943 ) , the latter depicting helpful interactions between the japanese and taiwan ' s indigenous ayatal .
after the chinese civil war , many chinese filmmakers sympathetic to the nationalists came to taiwan . during this era , taiwanese language films dominated .
in 1962 , seven films were shot in mandarin and 113 in taiwanese . the nationalists promoted the use of
meanwhile , martial arts films , not seen as overtly political , also grew in production numbers and popularity in a climate subject to strict moralistic censorship .
genre , which literally took martial arts to new heights ( with the strings and stuff - - get it ? ) . the
began in the 17 th century in fujian , just across the taiwan strait . it soon spread to taiwan . traditionally the puppets had cloth costumes and wooden heads .
in part to combat the juggernaut of hong kong films , in the early 1980s the cmpc began supporting home - grown directors with highly artistic sensibilities .
( edward yang ) , te - chen tao , i - chen ko and yi chang . in contrast to melodramas and action films , the new wave films were grounded in more muted tones and dealt with the comparatively mundane struggles of normal people .
in 1987 , after nearly forty years , taiwan’s long , brutal era of martial law and political suppression , the white terror , finally ended . the films that followed tended to be ( sometimes ) less somber but still grounded in the same realist tradition . without a doubt the biggest name associated with this era is 李安 ( ang lee ) .
after directing 1995’s british production of sense & sensibility , he set his sights on hollywood , where he went on to direct the ice storm , ride with the devil , brokeback mountain and… hulk .
, or taiwanese drama , has exploded in the wake of korean drama ’s global popularity .
lack of acting talent isn’t always an impediment to success in tdrama . so - called “vases
are cast primarily to please the eyes . pop stars and members of boy bands are also frequent actors . “
developed out of girls comics and usually deal , fairly tamely , with puppy love and crushes .
popular actors in tdramas include ady an , alec su , amber kuo , ambrose hsu , angela zhang , ariel lin , barbie xu , chen qiao en , cyndi wang , danson tang , eddie peng , ethan ruan , genie zhuo , gui gui , ivy chen , jimmy lin , joe cheng , johnny yan , kingone wang , kwai lun - mei , mike he , nicholas teo , penny lin , rainie yang , roy chiu , ruby lin and show luo .
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cabell
cab
calloway iii ( december 25 , 1907 – november 18 , 1994 ) was an american jazz singer and bandleader . he was strongly associated with the cotton club in harlem , new york city , where he was a regular performer .
calloway was a master of energetic scat singing and led one of the united states ' most popular big bands from the start of the 1930s to the late 1940s . calloway ' s band featured performers including trumpeters dizzy gillespie and adolphus
doc
cheatham , saxophonists ben webster and leon
chu
berry , new orleans guitarist danny barker , and bassist milt hinton . calloway continued to perform until his death in 1994 at the age of 86 .
calloway was born in rochester , new york , on christmas day in 1907 to an upper - middle - class family . his mother , martha eulalia reed , was a morgan state college graduate , teacher , and church organist . his father , cabell calloway , jr . , graduated from lincoln university of pennsylvania [ 1 ] in 1898 , [ 2 ] and worked as a lawyer and in real estate . the family moved to baltimore , maryland , when cab was 11 . [ 3 ]
calloway attended frederick douglass high school . he played basketball , at the guard position , both for the high school and for the professional baltimore athenians team . [ 4 ] he graduated in 1925 . [ 3 ] [ 5 ]
in 1930 calloway took over a band called
the missourians
; later on , they renamed it
cab calloway and his orchestra
. the cotton club in new york ' s harlem was the premier jazz venue in the country . in 1931 calloway and his orchestra were hired as a replacement for the duke ellington orchestra while it was touring . ( calloway ' s group had joined duke ellington and mills blue rhythm band as another of the jazz groups handled by irving mills . )
calloway quickly proved so popular that his band became the
co - house
band with ellington ' s , and his group began touring nationwide when not playing the cotton club . their popularity was greatly enhanced by the twice - weekly live national radio broadcasts on nbc from the cotton club . calloway also appeared on walter winchell ' s radio program and with bing crosby in his show at new york ' s paramount theatre . as a result of these appearances , calloway , together with ellington , broke the major broadcast network color barrier .
like other bands fronted by a singing bandleader , calloway initially gave ample soloist space to its lead members and , through the varied arrangements of walter
foots
thomas , provided much more in the way of musical interest . many of his records were
vocal specialties
with calloway ' s vocals taking up the majority of the record .
in 1931 calloway recorded his most famous song ,
minnie the moocher
. that song , along with
st . james infirmary blues
and
the old man of the mountain
, were performed for the betty boop animated shorts minnie the moocher ( 1932 ) , snow white ( 1933 ) , and the old man of the mountain ( 1933 ) , respectively . through rotoscoping , calloway performed voiceover for these cartoons , but his dance steps were the basis of the characters ' movements . he took advantage of this , timing concerts in some communities to coincide with the release of the films in order to make the most of the publicity .
calloway ' s was one of the most popular american jazz bands of the 1930s , recording prolifically for brunswick and the arc dime store labels ( banner , cameo , conqueror , perfect , melotone , banner , oriole , etc . ) from 1930 to 1932 , when he signed with rca victor for a year . he was back on brunswick in late 1934 through 1936 , when he signed with manager irving mills ' s short - lived variety in 1937 . he stayed with mills when the label collapsed during the great depression . their sessions were continued on vocalion through 1939 , and then okeh records through 1942 . after an afm recording ban due to the 1942 - 44 musicians ' strike ended , calloway continued to record prolifically .
calloway ' s vocal style is a blend of hot scat singing and improvisation , coupled with a very traditional vaudeville - like singing style . many of his ballads are devoid of tone - bending jazz styling .
in 1941 calloway fired dizzy gillespie from his orchestra after an onstage fracas erupted when calloway was hit with spitballs . he wrongly accused gillespie , who stabbed calloway in the leg with a small knife . [ 13 ]
in 1944 the new cab calloway ' s hepsters dictionary : language of jive was published , an update of an earlier book in which calloway set about translating jive for fans who might not know , for example , that
kicking the gong around
was a reference to smoking opium .
the band also formed its own barnstorming baseball and basketball teams during the 1930s , starring calloway , milt hinton , chu berry , benny payne and dizzy gillespie . [ 15 ] [ 16 ]
during the late 1940s , calloway lived with his wife zulme
nuffie
and family in long beach on the south shore of long island , new york on the border with neighboring lido beach . in the 1950s , calloway moved his family to westchester county , new york , where he and nuffie raised their daughters chris , cecelia ( lael ) , and cabella calloway .
in his later career , calloway appeared in a number of films and stage productions that used both his acting and singing talents . in 1952 , he played the prominent role of
sportin ' life
in a production of the gershwin opera , porgy and bess , with william warfield and leontyne price as the title characters . another notable role was
yeller
in the cincinnati kid ( 1965 ) , with steve mcqueen , ann - margret , and edward g . robinson .
his autobiography , of minnie the moocher and me ( crowell ) , was published in 1976 . it included his complete hepsters dictionary as an appendix .
calloway helped establish the cab calloway museum at coppin state college ( baltimore , maryland ) in the 1980s . comedian and actor bill cosby helped establish a scholarship in calloway ' s name at the new school for social research in manhattan .
in 1985 , cab and his orchestra appeared at the ritz london hotel where he was filmed for a 60 - minute bbc tv show called the cotton club comes to the ritz ; adelaide hall , doc cheatham , max roach , and the nicholas brothers also appeared on the bill . [ 20 ] [ 21 ]
in 1990 , he was the focus of janet jackson ' s 1930s - themed music video
alright
, and he made a cameo appearance playing himself . in the united kingdom , calloway appeared in several commercials for the hula hoops snack , both as himself and as a voice for a cartoon ( in one of these commercials he sang his hit
minnie the moocher
) . he also made an appearance at the apollo theatre .
cab enjoyed his final years as a celebrated and well - loved member of a retirement community in northern delaware ( between , and short train rides from , his beloved baltimore and new york city ) . in 1994 , a creative and performing arts school , the cab calloway school of the arts , was dedicated in his name in wilmington , delaware .
on june 12 , 1994 , calloway suffered a severe stroke . he died five months later on november 18 , 1994 , at age 86 . his body was cremated and his ashes were given to his family . upon the death of his wife zulme
nuffie
calloway on october 13 , 2008 , his ashes were interred next to her in the rosewood mausoleum at ferncliff cemetery in hartsdale , new york .
a profile of calloway , cab calloway : sketches , aired on the pbs program american masters in february 2012 .
in 1998 , the cab calloway orchestra ( directed by calloway ' s grandson c .
cb
calloway brooks ) [ 24 ] was formed to honor his legacy on the national and international levels .
calloway , cab and rollins , bryant -
of minnie the moocher and me
—autobiography of cab calloway , with family recollections , family photos , photos of band members , and cab ' s
hipster ' s dictionary .
published by ty crowell , new york city , 1976 .
shipton , alyn . hi - de - ho : the life of cab calloway . oxford university press , 2010 .
lincoln university of pennsylvania alumni directory 1995 . harris publishing co . 1995 , p . 142 .
dilorenzo , kris ( april 1985 ) .
the arts . dance : michael jackson did not invent the moonwalk
.
shoot . . . we did that back in the 1930s ! only it was called the buzz back then .
shipton , alyn . hi - de - ho : the life of cab calloway , oxford university press ( 2010 ) , p . 97 .
jolson and cab calloway in ' the singing kid '
, a tribute to al jolson .
cab calloway
archived 2013 - 09 - 28 at the wayback machine . , jazz biographies .
. new york : penguin group . pp . 210–11 . isbn 1 - 58542 - 396 - 3 .
in her memoir she commented on other cast changes by david merrick to revive business for the show .
the cotton club remembered ( videotape )
( retrieved 6 september 2014 ) .
jazz on the screen — a jazz and blues filmography by david meeker : omnibus series episode the cotton club comes to the ritz
, library of congress ( retrieved 6 september 2014 ) .
lifetime honors — national medal of arts archived august 26 , 2013 , at the wayback machine .
. record research inc . pp . 72–73 . isbn 0 - 89820 - 083 - 0 .
this page was last modified 12 . 06 . 2018 05 : 14 : 39
this article uses material from the article cab calloway from the free encyclopedia wikipedia and it is licensed under the gnu free documentation license .
hattie mcdaniel was born on june 10 , 1895 , in wichita , kansas , the youngest of thirteen children in a family of performers . her father , henry mcdaniel , was a baptist minister , carpenter , banjo player , and minstrel showman , eventually organizing his own family into a minstrel troupe . henry married a gospel singer named susan holbert in 1875 and moved their growing family to denver , colorado , in 1901 .
hattie was one of only two black children in her elementary school class in denver . racial prejudice ( an unfair judgment based on race ) was less hostile in the west than elsewhere in the united states . for her talents as a singer and reciter of poetry , mcdaniel became something of a favorite at the 24th street elementary school , where mainly white students attended . mcdaniel sang at church , at school , and at home ; she sang so continuously that her mother reportedly bribed her into silence with spare change . before long she was also singing in professional minstrel shows , as well as dancing , performing humorous skits , and later writing her own songs .
in 1910 hattie left school in her sophomore year at east denver high school and became a full - time minstrel performer , traveling the western states with her father ' s show and several other troupes . the minstrel shows were usually performed by black actors , but were also sometimes performed
by whites in blackface . the shows presented a variety of entertainment that poked fun at black cultural life for the enjoyment of mostly white audiences .
when hattie ' s father retired around 1920 , she joined professor george morrison ' s famous
melody hounds
on longer and more publicized tours . she also wrote dozens of show tunes such as
sam henry blues ,
poor wandering boy blues ,
and
quittin ' my man today .
a big break came for mcdaniel in 1934 , when she was cast in the fox production of judge priest . in this picture mcdaniel was given the opportunity to sing a duet with will rogers ( 1879–1935 ) , the well - known american humorist . her performance was well received by the press and her fellow actors alike .
once established in hollywood , mcdaniel found no shortage of work . in 1936 alone she appeared in twelve films . for the decade as a whole her performances numbered about forty—nearly all of them in the role of maid or cook to a white household . mcdaniel won the role of
mammy
in gone with the wind over several rivals . her salary for gone with the wind was to be $ 450 a week , which was much more than what her real - life counterparts could hope to earn .
the mid - 1940s brought trying times for mcdaniel , who experienced a heart - wrenching false pregnancy in 1944 and soon after became the victim of racist - inspired legal problems . the actress found herself in a legal battle over a system in los angeles that limited the land and home ownership rights of african americans . having purchased a house in 1942 , mcdaniel faced the possibility of being thrown out of her home . she was one of several black entertainers who challenged the racist system in court , however , and won .
still , throughout the 1940s a growing number of activists viewed mcdaniel and all she represented as damaging to the budding fight for civil rights . naacp president walter white pressed both actors and studios to stop making films that tended to ridicule black people , and he singled out the roles of hattie mcdaniel as particularly offensive . in response mcdaniel defended her right to choose whichever roles she saw fit , adding that many of her screen roles had shown themselves to be more than equal to that of their white employers .
by the late 1940s mcdaniel found herself in a difficult position . she found her screen opportunities disappearing even as she suffered insults from progressive blacks . after her third marriage ended in divorce in 1945 , she became increasingly depressed and confused as to her proper path .
mcdaniel could still use her vocal talent on radio . in 1947 she won the starring role of
beulah
on the beulah show , a cbs radio show about a black maid and the white family for whom she worked . when hattie mcdaniel took over the role as beulah , she became the first black performer to star in a radio program intended for a general audience . the program was generally praised by the naacp and the urban league , along with the twenty million other americans who listened to it every evening at the height of its popularity in 1950 .
mcdaniel ' s last marriage , to an interior decorator named larry williams , lasted only a few months . in 1951 she suffered a heart attack while filming the first few segments of a projected television version of the beulah show . by summer she was diagnosed with breast cancer . mcdaniel died in hollywood , california , on october 26 , 1952 . she will always be remembered as mammy of gone with the wind .


assassination of russia ( also known as blowing up russia ) is a 2002 documentary film that describes the september 1999 russian apartment bombings as a terrorism act committed by russian state security services .

the film was created in 2001 by french producers jean-charles deniau and charles gazelle .

yuri felshtinsky and alexander litvinenko worked as consultants for the film ; the film was made on the basis of their book blowing up russia : terror from within .

the french producers initially worked for russian tv company ntv to expand their program " sugar of ryazan " and later to tv-6 .

when tv-6 channel was closed by russian authorities , the film was 70 % completed .

the remaining funds were provided by boris berezovsky .

leader of party liberal russia , sergei yushenkov flew to the premier on march 5 , 2002 in london , to announce that his party is going to distribute copies of the film around the country to demonstrate " how the secret services deceived russian citizens " .

this film was broadcast by the main tv channels of estonia , latvia , and lithuania .

russian deputy yuli rybakov brought a hundred copies to st. petersburg , but the copies were confiscated at customs in violation of his parliamentary immunity .

no tv station in russia was able to show the film .

tens of thousands of copies were sold in russia in 2002 .

sergei yushenkov presented the film at the woodrow wilson international center for scholars in 2002 , decrying lack of civilian control over the russian armed forces including the secret services .

a staffer in senate foreign relations committee said , " we just can not go out and say that the president of russia is a mass murderer .

but it is important that we know it . "

assassination of russia

the assassination is used as an excuse for further democratic repression in both turkey and russia .
monday’s assassination of russia’s ambassador to turkey came just as relations between the two countries were warming up following a cold war over the turkish downing of a russian fighter jet .
5 russia ' s soldiers prepare russia ' s air defence system s - 400 triumf launch vehicles on august 13 , 2014 in elektrostal , russia .
it may not spell a third world war . but here ' s what could happen after the assassination .
the assassination came after days of protests by turks angry over russia’s support for the syrian government in the conflict and the russian role in the killings and destruction in aleppo , the northern syrian city .
but mr amsterdam said his assassination is not a one - off and cannot be ignored by the international community .
mohammed al - shibli , a syrian activist who participated , said , “i felt extreme happiness when i heard the news” of the assassination .
the assassination , an embarrassing security failure in the turkish capital , forced turkey and russia to confront a new crisis tied directly to the syrian conflict , now in its sixth year .
russia’s tass news agency said that mr . karlov had been shot from behind while finishing remarks at the opening of an art exhibition titled “russia through turks’ eyes . ”
mr . erdogan , in a speech late monday night , said the assassination was a provocation meant to derail efforts by turkey and russia to collaborate more closely on regional issues and economic ties .
in 2004 , the notion of fsb involvement in the apartment bombings re - surfaced in a film with the title disbelief directed by andrei nekrasov . berezovsky had backed a shorter film alleging an fsb hand in the bombing called the assassination of russia , based on a book by one - time kgb officer alexander litvinenko , the fsb blow up russia .
the assassination also illustrated the long reach of the syrian war . it has destabilized europe with hundreds of thousands of refugees , spawned terrorist attacks in paris and brussels , and led to the rise of the islamic state , which controls territory across iraq and syria .
some of the most famous of these have been the deaths of boris berezovsky and alexander litvinenko .
the attack was a rare instance of an assassination of a russian envoy . historians said it might have been the first since pyotr voykov , a soviet ambassador to poland , was shot to death in warsaw in 1927 .
“turkey is very aware of the size of this failure , and i think the government will make every effort to investigate this fully , ” sinan ulgen , a turkish former diplomat who is the chairman of the center for economics and foreign policy studies , an istanbul research organization , said of the russian diplomat’s assassination . “i don’t expect any crisis between turkey and russia . ”
amy knight ,
the concealed battle to run russia ,
the new york review of books , 13 january 2011 .
since the turkish military incursion into syria in august , mr . erdogan’s criticism of russia over syria had been muted . but mr . erdogan faced a dilemma : even as he was warming to russia , he faced a turkish public , not to mention the syrian refugees within turkey , angry over russia’s role in the bombing of aleppo .
for many russians , the assassination is likely to recall the 19th - century killing in tehran of aleksandr griboyedov , a poet and diplomat who died after a mob stormed the russian embassy . that episode is remembered as the most severe insult to russia’s diplomatic corps in the country’s history .
max george to ditch the wanted tom ' s wedding to jet to russia . . .
numerous people in trump ' s top team , including us secretary of state rex tillerson , have been accused of having close ties to russia ' s leadership .
over 57 , 000 emails of berat albayrak , turkey’s minister of energy and natural resources and also president recep tayyip erdogan’s son - in - law . with indications of russia cooperating with wikileaks to publicize
the united states , which has tangled bitterly with russia over the syrian conflict , quickly condemned the assassination in ankara . in a statement , secretary of state john kerry called it a “despicable attack , which was also an assault on the right of all diplomats to safely and securely advance and represent their nations around the world . ”
mr amsterdam believes us inaction is giving russia no holds barred permission to do what it wants .
, the gunman said “we’ll make you pay for aleppo” before firing at the ambassador , likely referring to russia’s backing of the syrian government in its brutal siege of aleppo .
russia and turkey are on opposite sides of the syrian civil war , but both helped broker the latest ceasefire that allowed rebels and civilians to leave aleppo . the assassination could cause the ceasefire collapse anew , or lead to renewed fighting elsewhere in syria . russian forces are operational in northeast syria , not far from where
but citing the number of diplomats killed in just the last two months alone , mr amsterdam said it is evidence russia will take bold actions in terms of its foreign policy .
russia was accused of violating turkish airspace in october 2015 — during the start of moscow’s intervention in the syrian civil war — leading turkey to warn that it would open fire the next time .
in the fall of 2015 , russia entered the conflict in support of the syrian government , reinforcing mr . assad at a weak moment and dealing a blow to turkey’s ambitions in syria . relations between turkey and russia reached a low point in november 2015 after turkey shot down a russian jet near the syrian border .
istanbul — russia’s ambassador to turkey was assassinated at an ankara art exhibit on monday evening by a lone turkish gunman shouting “god is great ! ” and “don’t forget aleppo , don’t forget syria ! ” in what the leaders of turkey and russia called a provocative terrorist attack .
the longer - term implications for the russia - turkey relationship , which had been warming recently after plunging a year ago , were not immediately clear . but some analysts played down the notion that the assassination would lead to a new rupture , saying it could conversely bring the countries closer together in a shared fight against terrorism .
james nixey of the british think tank chatham house predicted russia would “paint it as part of a wider war on terror” and use it to leverage support for its syrian policy from president - elect donald trump .
he had previously accused putin of being behind the brutal slaying of investigative journalist anna politkovskaya .
dl : the writer peter maass cites experts who think russia with its oil reserves could become a dictatorial rentier state like angola .
an earlier version of this article misidentified the government that has collaborated with russia even though it backs a different side in the syrian conflict . it is turkey , not syria .
russia then announced it was ending a long delay in shipping an s - 300 ground - to - air missile system to iran — one of turkey’s main regional rivals — and imposed a slew of economic sanctions and travel restrictions .
2015 , when turkish f - 16s shot down a russian bomber on the border of syria . in response , russia embargoed many turkish goods , turkish exports to russia fell $ 737 million . further , the turkish stream natural gas pipeline , meant to be part of the two countries’ “strategic partnership , ” was put on hold . the economic situation did not improve until erdogan apologized
theresa may first jeers of “resign” and mps waving “goodbye” as she made her first appearance in the house of commons since the resignations of dav . . .
president - elect donald j . trump , who has been accused by critics of aligning with russia , said in a statement that mr . karlov had been “assassinated by a radical islamic terrorist . ”
turkey accused russia of again violating its airspace in january , but after moscow moved to ally itself with syria’s kurds — who seek to carve out a country that would cross into turkey — erdogan backed down and in june apologized over the downing of the russian jet .
other prominent officials who often criticize russia’s actions in syria and elsewhere also offered their condolences . “no justification for such a heinous act , ” jens stoltenberg , the secretary general of nato , said on twitter . secretary general ban ki - moon of the united nations said he was “appalled by this senseless act of terror . ”
the russian strongman ' s government has been linked to the deaths of numerous critics of his leadership over the years .
news corp . is a network of leading companies in the world of diversified media , news , and information services .
after the failed coup against his government this july , a putsch that included an attempt on his own life . putin came to power in part by cracking down against perceived insubordination by violence in chechnya . whatever else , the assassination does not bode well for russian or turkish civil society .
the death of alexander litvinenko in london in november 2006 occurred a month and a half after the assassination of journalist anna politkovskaya . a post - mortem proved his body contained fatal amounts of polonium 210 , a nuclear substance , that killed him slowly and extremely painfully . with the chechen opposition apparently crushed and khodorkovsky in a siberian prison the war against the foes of putinopia had moved on . in 2007 , andrei nekrasov , now living in london , a litvinenko friend and pallbearer , agreed to talk to me about these things by telephone from london .
on monday evening in istanbul , just after the assassination , a group of protesters gathered outside the russian consulate on istiklal avenue , the city’s largest pedestrian street . the gathering was more street theater than protest , with two men lying on the street , shrouded in bloody sheets and the syrian flag , and surrounded by candles , to represent the killings in aleppo .
more recently , the lebanese shiite militia hezbollah , now allied with russia in syria , kidnapped four soviet diplomats in 1985 , killing one and releasing three a month later .
“we know that this is a provocation aiming to destroy the normalization process of turkey - russia relations , ” mr . erdogan said . “but the russian government and the turkish republic have the will to not fall into that provocation . ”
days later , putin ratcheted up tensions by accusing turkey of letting isis operate a “living oil pipe” across the syrian border , and the head of russia’s state - owned news agency blasted turkish president recep tayyip erdogan on tv as “an unrestrained and deceitful man hooked on cheap oil from the barbaric caliphate . ’’
russia’s foreign ministry spokeswoman , maria zakharova , told the rossiya 24 news channel that mr . karlov had died of his wounds in what she described as a terrorist attack . turkey’s interior ministry said the ambassador had died at guven hospital in ankara .
robert amsterdam , a renowned international lawyer , said the murder of outspoken putin critic denis voronenkov is a sign of things to come .
russian president vladimir putin meets with deputy prime minister alexander khloponin in the kremlin in moscow , russia , friday , march 3 , 2017 . ( mikhail klimentyev / pool photo via ap )
turkey is a nato member , making it highly unlikely that russia would consider starting an out and out war with turkey itself . karlov is probably not , in other words , another archduke franz ferdinand .
listeria outbreak : list of vegetables recalled by tesco , lidl , . . .
“there are a lot of killers . we’ve got a lot of killers . what do you think ? our country’s so innocent ? ” mr . trump responded .
after a number of attempts i was able to arrange a telephone conversation with robert amsterdam , a khodorkovsky lawyer . why , i asked him , did his client choose to remain in russia following the july 2003 arrest of his colleague platon lebedev and the arrest of the morozova lawyer mikhail trepashkin only a few days before he himself was seized in novosibirsk . didn ' t he understand the danger ? amsterdam :
absolutely . but this is a man who doesn ' t see a life for himself outside russia . he believed he could get a fair trial . remember that russia was a completely different country then . there may have been other calculations he made i wasn ' t privy to . we discussed the decision . he thought he could remain and fight the charges .
does he have second thoughts ?
i can ' t talk about things he ' s told me .
dl : do you think khodorkovsky will ever get out of prison alive ? he has been transferred from a population of political prisoners to one of thieves and killers , he has suffered at least one physical attack from a fellow inmate . . .
but this year , in an effort to restore relations , mr . erdogan , now turkey’s president , met with mr . putin in st . petersburg , and ever since the two countries have largely put aside their differences on syria and focused on improving economic ties . in august , when turkey’s military went into syria to push the islamic state out of the border town of jarabulus , the move was widely seen as having been made with the tacit approval of russia .
president vladimir v . putin of russia said on russian television that mr . karlov had been “despicably killed” to sabotage ties with turkey . mr . putin spoke with the turkish president , recep tayyip erdogan , by phone , and the two leaders agreed to cooperate in investigating the killing , and in combating terrorism broadly .
does khodorkovsky believe he will get out alive ? amsterdam said it was something he dealt with everyday ,
kodorkovsky is being held by a completely mercenary , merciless group of people .
after the murders of anna polikovskaya in moscow and alexander litvinenko in london , the shooting of paul joyal outside washington d . c . , who ' d appeared on nbc ' s dateline to accuse the putin regime of murdering litvinenko , and the more recent death in questionable circumstances of moscow journalist ivan sofranov who ' d published a story about russian weapons sales to iran and syria , does he , given that those judged enemies of the regime living outside russia can be effectively targeted , feel concern for his own safety .
if you were me would you be concerned ?
i would , i said , be very concerned . odd though how hope endures . khodorkovsky follows newspaper reports of events , tries to reply to the dozens of letters he receives each week . a lawyer visits regularly . amsterdam , who is banned from russia , continues to work on the case in the belief that he may one day succeed in securing his client ' s freedom .
the hero of ilya kabakov ' s 1985 installation the man who flew into space from his apartment
. didn ' t want to wait until the whole of the rest of the society was ready for utopia ; he wanted to head off for utopia there and then - flying out into cosmic space where he would no longer be tied to a particular place , a particular topos , but would be in an ou - topos , a ' not - place ' , weightless , floating free in the cosmic infinitude . so he built an apparatus that was capable of catapulting him straight from his bed into outer space . and the experiment evidently worked - all we see is the room the man used to occupy . the walls of the room are plastered with soviet posters designed to communicate a sense of historical optimism . inside the room we see the bed and the remains of the apparatus , along with some technical drawings showing how the apparatus functioned . a section of the ceiling directly above the bed has been destroyed . it was through this hole that the man shot out into space . visitors cannot enter the room , but they can look into it from a small vestibule outside . on the walls of the vestibule there are texts describing this event from the point of view of the man ' s neighbours and acquaintances . . in his installation kabakov uses images of red square and other symbols of the communist , soviet utopia in order to tell the story of the individual , private fate of the hero of the installation . the great utopian narrative describing how all of humanity would one day be collectively propelled out of the gravitational pull of oppression and misery and into the cosmos of a new , free , weightless life . . .
boris groys
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mr voronenkov was gunned down in broad daylight on thursday in the ukrainian capital of kiev .
former lawmaker of the russian state duma , denis voronenkov was brutally gunned down in broad daylight in kiev . ukrainian president petro poroshenko says the murder is ' an act of state terrorism '
while it was too early to tell if the gunman acted alone , his use of jihadist slogans and his invocation of syria raised the possibility that he was a member , or at least a sympathizer , of an islamist group like al qaeda’s syria affiliate or the islamic state , two organizations that turkey has been accused by allies , including the united states , of supporting in the past .
an : russia has an enormous number of problems that are just swept under the carpet , not seen or reflected in official statistics . it ' s a real disaster in the making . problems are not faced the way they would be by the more or less responsible institutions in the west , because in russia there are none . the duma and a lot of the commissions are phony . people use them to launder money , to get into positions to take bribes . the result of all that at one level are the murders of politkovskaya and litvinenko . abortion in russian is like a dental extraction . it is a false freedom , permissiveness of the worst kind . in fact it has nothing to do with freedom . women get pregnant , men don ' t bother with contraception . aids is huge . not like in africa because of the macho tradition . it ' s russian chaos . the average life expectancy for men is less than 60 . why ? alcoholism , smoking . illness but not just illness . accidents , petty crime , murder from brawls , especially in the provinces . it is a very brutal life outside the glamorous centres of st . petersburg , moscow and a few other places .
so far , russia and turkey have said that this is a move meant to weaken ties between the two countries , and the u . s . department of state said in a statement that it is ready to provide assistance to the two countries . it is unclear what will be said , or happen , next . but given tense relations between ankara and moscow over the past year , centuries of historical rivalry and animosity , and colliding foreign policies in the carnage of the syrian civil war , there are a few potential escalatory scenarios to keep in mind .
khodorkovsky , an ex - oligarch , is among those men who grew fantastically wealthy in the yeltsin era . through a series of complex financial manipulations of borderline legality , he was able to buy his way into a dominant position in the russian oil business worth billions . he headed yukos , russia ' s largest oil company , fourth largest in the world , a position from which he resigned following his arrest . had he been attempting to leverage his clout to forestall a new round of state oil industry taxes ? was khodorkovsky ' s real crime simply launching a political challenge to the putin regime ? in the days leading up to his arrest there were threats of arrests of yukos executives , allusions to tax arrears , to cheating and stealing and prison time for khodorkovsky .
a man , reported by the associated press to be the gunman , after the shooting of the russian ambassador , on the floor , on monday at a gallery in ankara , the capital of turkey .
an explosion near a courthouse in izmir was the latest in a series of deadly attacks in turkey .
an : one of the things russians find shocking about america is the attitude towards alcohol . americans appear prudish and overly moralistic , not just with alcohol , with other things . it ' s a very important cultural point . in its political essence , russia is very unfree , in fact absolutely despotic . it is a condition best described by the word vlast - absolute totalitarian power , the deification of the physical power of the state . on the other hand , there is a completely lax attitude towards abortion , alcohol , prostitution . . . russians who have a little money or a lot of money feel themselves perfectly free . it is in a sense really a completely free and easy sort of place . you can get alcohol 24 - hours a day , any time , and its cheap . what russians take for freedom is irresponsibility . what is not of immediate interest to the state is left unregulated . there is for example a huge demographic problem russia is facing and nothing is being done about it . the population is in decline . every russian woman now has 0 . 7 children . population maintenance requires two point something . it could be rectifiable .
mikhail trepashkin , a lawyer and former kgb employee , was engaged by the sisters and given power of attorney to investigate . on october 22 , 2003 , three days before the arrest of khodorkovsky , trepashkin was himself arrested . held in the same jail that holds khodorkovsky , trepashkin was charged with possession of an unlicensed firearm and ammunition , possessing state secrets , and the communication of those secrets to british intelligence .
a tale of unknowables , disbelief makes the point that the assumption following the explosions was that they were gas explosions . suspicion about the involvement of the fsb surfaced when officials began blaming the explosions on chechen terrorists .
boris johnson has said the
dream of brexit is dying
in his resignation letter as foreign secretary .
the russian envoy was shot from behind and immediately fell to the floor while speaking at an exhibition of photographs , according to multiple accounts from the scene , the contemporary arts center in the cankaya area of ankara .
how to explain the arrests of khodorkovsky and trepashkin coming within a few days of each other ? the only link , the journalist thought , was a regime intent on silencing the voices of opposition .
they don ' t care what is said abroad . khodorkovsky and trepashkin are being held in the same jail , one with a notorious reputation in russia , where people the regime wanted to silence have always been held . it doesn ' t look like trepashkin will get out of jail soon . the likelihood is that he will be kept under lock and key for a long time .
the russian president , he said , has played his cards very cleverly , claiming that the war in chechnya is part of the war against international terrorism . a more powerful putin has emerged with the fsb as his power base .
we finally decide not to go out to toshino , mostly out of fear of moscow traffic . then too , i hadn ' t been able to make contact with anyone who knew anything much about the heavy metal concert .
analysts told agence france - presse that monday’s murder of russian envoy andrei karlov was unlikely to reverse the thaw .
he added :
if mr putin ' s gang believe they can act with impunity , they will become more active in libya and the middle east and attempt to upset the balance of power in the rest of the world .
vesselin nedkov , 57 hours : a survivor ' s account of the moscow hostage drama , viking canada , 2003 .
) . the turkish government has been on the receiving end of such hacks before ; on dec . 7 , wikileaks
later that evening the private plane of mikhail khodorkovsky , russia ' s richest man , was on a re - fueling stop in novosibirsk when it was suddenly surrounded by military vehicles . khodorkovsky was seized by armed men in masks . we watched it on the tv set in our hotel room . denied bail , the russian billionaire sat for many months in a small jail cell dining on convict fish soup . he would be charged with fraud and tax evasion .
mr . kara - murza ’s conversation with richard engel is scheduled to air during friday evening’s episode of “nbc nightly news . ”
an : the release date is too far away . you know , the guys in power are very short term , they are obsessed with money , big money . the putin people just want to survive the next election , then they ' ll see . there is another tendency that has accelerated : to get capital out of the country . to buy into western businesses , to buy property , just in case , so if anything goes wrong in russia they have somewhere to run to .
an : well , they have an interest in having him disappear . he ' s been in for over three years . once he ' s out , if he ever gets out , he ' s going to become one of those like politkovskaya and litvinenko , one of those outspoken critics continuing his campaign of criticism . they are not looking forward to it , especially with the elections coming up .
“it’s pure nonsense to make any connection of this unfortunate case with president putin , ” kremlin spokesman dmitry peskov told cnn last month .
an : tarkovsky was certainly interested in asia , in the traditions of japan and china , he was obsessed with that . he felt a strong empathy . i think he would have been interested in learning about the interest of chinese and cambodian cinema people in his work .
in the past , russian cyber surrogates could target turkey , revealing more unflattering secrets about people in the orbit of president recep tayyip erdogan .
an : it was in a non - descript working class district . the circumstantial evidence is that the bombing was done by a rogue element in the fsb . if indeed it was them they needed an absolutely typical moscow apartment building that all russians could identify themselves with . the majority of russians live in those buildings , even if they live in smaller towns or some villages . that ' s what soviet civilization did for russians . before the revolution , the majority lived in wooden huts , a minority in palaces , in apartments in st petersburg , grand apartments , in moscow town - houses . the typical soviet man lived in this tiny flat , with its tiny kitchen , tiny bathroom , a couple of rooms . he would be provided with plenty of hot water , heating , because russia is after all an energy giant . he ' d have this minimum of private space . but it is all completely anonymous . they are all the same , standardized . an explosion in a building like that would go straight to the nerves and psyche of the typical russian person .
he was identified by turkey’s interior minister as mevlut mert altintas , from the western province of aydin and a graduate of a police college in izmir . local news reports said that mr . altintas’s mother and sister had been arrested and that a computer had been confiscated from their house .
an : disbelief was not shown in a theatre or on tv . it is available on dvd in a sort of media samizdat . there is a certain amount of scope , some people would always find it possible to sell the dvds . you can even download it . the main influence is television . only five or seven percent of the population has access to the internet , not the way it is in the west .
the two leaders then sat next to each other and enjoyed a few laughs at an october meeting of the world energy congress in istanbul , with anna glazova , a foreign - relations expert at the russian institute of strategic studies , later noting that putin could easily have sent an underling .
dl : in the film tatyana morozova says :
i could not believe people would do this to people .
which seems to be where the title of the film comes from . on the other hand , the film includes an encounter with clearly disingenuous fsb officials about a related incident , and in light of the recent murders of anna politkovskaya and alexander litvinenko , and the imprisonment of mikhail khodorkovsky and mikhail trepashkin , suggests that what is in fact at issue is not an isolated apartment bombing but a condition . disbelief seems less a film about individuals than about the terrible circumstance they find themselves in .
an : you call it a condition , tarkovsky would have said it is about a certain kind of reality where individuals may not be the main subject , a higher reality . he would very often say that he felt himself a medium , somebody who reacts , who listens , who doesn ' t act as a main protagonist of his own will , but who is a listener , trying to transmit something , to understand the meaning of what ' s going on instead of acting willfully . he saw his heroes , his protagonists not as pawns but as figures placed almost in a greek tragedy , subject to certain forces and circumstances .
dl : i saw disbelief a year or so ago . it has since occurred to me that it is a film much like the films of andrei tarkovsky .
he told daily star online :
my opinion is very simple – what is alarming is how mr putin is taking advantage of the american [ inaction ] .
an : i really don ' t like thinking that i ' ve left russia , that i am an émigré . even though i ' ve lived in the west , i ' ve kept my russian base . a lot of people don ' t advise me to go back , that it is dangerous , especially after the politkovskaya and litvinenko murders . well , go back just briefly they say , and leave . get your stuff out . this involves a very painful decision because it is one thing to leave and travel in the west and not be completely cut off . i was happy in the 1990s , i thought a new era had begun , when it would be possible to feel at home in the country of my birth . but we are reverting to the bad old days at the moment , which is a very sad and unwelcome development , not just for me but for a whole group of people .
tatyana morozova , whose mother had occupied an apartment in one of the nine - story buildings destroyed by the blast , lived in milwaukee , was married , had a child . now her mother along with149 others was dead . she learned of the tragedy in a cnn - assisted phone call from alyona , a sister . the russian government claim that the bombing was the work of chechens was dismissed as a cover - up . in the words of a morozova uncle who lived in the urals :
there are bigger fish involved .
a chechen living in moscow named timur dakhkilgov was arrested for the bombing , jailed , beaten and later released .
“given the sophistication of the poison , and it seems to be very sophisticated , because first of all , we don’t know what it is , and secondly that , you know , when it methodically shuts down all of your organs one after another within the space of a few hours , that’s sophisticated , ” he told nbc news in an interview scheduled to air friday . “given that , and given that i have no idea how or where it happened , so the way it was done was also sophisticated , i can only presume , that this , this was done by people , with at least , with connections to the russian special services .
dl : in a survey done the following february , five months later , 70 % of the people surveyed said that it was chechens ! only 8 % blamed russian authorities .
nothing has to involve a direct order from putin but those around him seem to feel they have impunity – that is very dangerous for the rest of the world .
berezovsky was found in 2013 with a ligature around his neck in the locked bathroom of his berkshire mansion after the billionaire threatened to bring down putin ' s government by force .
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dl : you know people i met in china fifteen or so years ago , the late film director zhang nuanxin and her husband , the literary critic li tuo , regarded tarkovsky ' s films as a model for their work . they were looking to free the chinese cinema from the maoism of low angles , clean uniforms , and perfect teeth , as well as the influence of hollywood . the cambodian director rithy panh told me that he was inspired to become a filmmaker by a screening of tarkovsky ' s andrei rublev in paris .
i have lost touch with my russian friends . at some point sergei and the others became suddenly distant , incommunicado . who was the associate we met a couple of times in london ? didn ' t seem to be the same person i saw in the photo riding a motorcycle . how heavy a guy could he be if he always showed up on time for our dinner meetings ? did they think i was some kind of clandestine agent ? or , as jeannie suspected , did they decide i could be of very little further use to them . .
when boris yeltsin was in and out of hospital , staggering around hammered , pinching secretaries ' s toocheses in plain view of tv cameras , the yeltsin
family
became convinced that his deteriorating condition threatened family interests . boris berezovsky ' s choice to replace yeltsin and protect those interests was kgb man vladimir putin , mistakenly judged a willing puppet . berezovsky , now a fierce putin adversary , lives in exile in surrey , outside of london , drinking thousand - dollar cognacs and consumed , one hears , with regret and a hatred that eats away at him like a cancer .
“and as for the reason , this is what i really do have no doubt about , ” he said . “this is because of , uh , my involvement in the russian opposition . ”
saturday , 25 october . in the hotel lobby matt damon was organizing a tour with members of a stunt crew . the actor was in moscow to shoot scenes for the bourne supremacy . jeannie picked him out . it was , she said , the smile . not very tall , wearing a black north face down jacket and cap , he looked like an ordinary american kid . a large sour - faced russian bodyguard in a black leather jacket was positioned close by .
we ' re going to red square . cool .
said matt , leading the gang out of the hotel into a waiting white van . matt was staying at the hotel along with the second unit stunt crew . the wife of a member of the crew told us they ' d been there for months . i could only imagine the bill . the film ' s american audiences would have no idea that all those cars with the small blue dome lights chasing matt all over moscow were more than pals , more likely , very tight buddies of the czar .
a month later , a female suicide bomber pulled up in a big black benz outside the five - star national hotel down the street from the metropol . metropol guests would have heard the explosion . a report claimed the benz had pretty much disappeared in the blast . the russian foreign ministry denied chechen involvement ; the incident , they said , was the work of international terrorists , perhaps a settling of accounts in a business dispute .
it made good on the threat less than three months later , when turkish f - 16 fighters shot down a russian sukhoi su - 24 warplane near the border of turkey’s hatay region on nov . 24 , 2015 .
david satter , a wall street journal reporter who appears in the film speaking at a hudson institute public lecture , described the discovery of a bomb found in an apartment building in ryazan , 200 kms southeast of moscow , placed there by fsb agents who were apprehended by ryazan police . the bomb contained the military explosive hexogen manufactured in a factory guarded by the fsb . a tv channel that broadcast a report on the ryazan affair was shut down .
vladimir kara - murza , a pro - democracy crusader and one of mr . putin ’s fiercest critics , became critically ill while in moscow last month and within hours was diagnosed with organ failure and placed on life support .
russian news agencies said the ambassador’s wife fainted and was hospitalized after learning of her husband’s death . they also said that as a precaution , russian tourists in turkey had been advised against leaving their hotel rooms or visiting public places .
an : you know people are now slagging litvinenko , after the first wave of praise there is now a lot of interest in blacking his reputation . there were claims from a suspicious russian lady who said she was a journalist but who was hiding the fact that she was working for the government . she claimed litvinenko told her he had some evidence and was going to use it to blackmail some russian politicians and business people . which i don ' t believe . . these are very bad times that are beginning . there is uncertainty as to what putin is going to do . it ' s illegal for him to run again . his own policies have deprived public life of a credible figure to replace him . it ' s a big problem for him , even with the absence of free media and his party being very influential and having all the resources of the state . those guys in his immediate entourage are mediocre . people just don ' t like them , even though with his popularity he ' s supposed to be able to just point at somebody and say : this is my heir , that this would work , but it may not work .
an : yes and no . how can one say somebody ' s popular when the statistics and the tv channels are controlled ? it ' s like in the last days of the soviet union . they ran a referendum six months before the dissolution in december 1991 and 90 % said , yes we want the soviet union to exist forever . six months later it was gone because in reality everyone , every individual , every republic was fed up with it . now it ' s the same , so it is difficult to judge . western observers may say , well putin seems really popular . where do they get this information ? i ' d say he probably would have won the last election , but not by a margin of 80 % . his actual popularity may be in decline . there is intimidation , the glorification of putin , like in the old brezhnev days : the visits of foreign dignitaries , the awards , the ceremonies .
the gunman , wearing a dark suit and tie , was seen in video footage of the assault waving a pistol and shouting in arabic : “god is great ! those who pledged allegiance to muhammad for jihad . god is great ! ”
as the war ground on , the consequences for turkey were profound . it was overwhelmed with refugees — more than three million now reside in the country — and the rise of the islamic state led to terrorist attacks within turkey’s borders .
an : we are very , very worried about him . he did nothing . i could vouch for his integrity . i knew him to be pretty straight , an absolutely transparent guy , a person of perfect integrity . maybe a little obstinate , somebody who can get into trouble for being too honest , not diplomatic enough . he ' s serving time for nothing . he has terrible asthma . where he sleeps is close to a source of fine dust which is killing him .
in november , 2007 mikhail trepashkin was freed following the completion of his four - year prison term . he continues to pursue legal work defending civil rights activists . in march 2010 trepashkin added his name to an online anti - putin manifesto .
in the wall street journal - europe , david ignatius observed that the oil oligarchs were beginning to understand that crime didn ' t pay enough , that there was even more money to be made by joining the global economy . but the business climate might not have changed all that much . there was the case of a fellow who chained the wife of a one - time business partner to a radiator to collect on a $ 24 , 000 debt . the debt paid , the wife was unchained . after a time the creditor was found dead , murdered execution - style . the rule of russian business thumb : when working with a partner one needs to build the business in such a way that your partner will find it unprofitable to kill you .
russian president vladimir putin condemned that incident as a “stab in the back delivered by the accomplices of terrorists , ” and moscow quickly announced it was moving a naval cruiser loaded with high - tech missiles closer to syria’s latakia province to protect its aircraft .
the conditions under which khodorkovsky is being held are severe . there was an incident in which a cellmate attempted to stab him in the eye with a shoemaker ' s knife while he slept ; he awakened suddenly and the knife caught him across the bridge of the nose .
dl : i thought a key moment in the film occurred during the fsb pr man alexander zdanovich ' s meeting with the residents of a ryazan apartment building about a foiled fsb bombing attempt and the claim that this was really a training exercise . at a certain point his face goes flat .
he continued : “this is the first step in getting justice for the syrian people . the ambassador is not innocent . he represents the foreign policy of his murderous state and thus he is a murderer , as well . now we are waiting for revenge against everyone who shed blood in syria . ”
back home , i got in touch with sasha , a chechen banker from grozny , a different sasha , to tell him about my trip . sasha had helped me with some contacts . chechens , sasha said over coffee , are proud of their untrustworthiness . what did sasha make of the khodorkovsky business ? he himself , he said , had been investigated . $ 2 million in cash had been seized from his moscow apartment . it happened as he was planning to emigrate to canada . someone in the embassy tipped off interpol who then informed russian authorities . russians , he said disdainfully , create problems and then solve them .
an : what tatyana ' s uncle said and the chechen akhmed zakayev re - iterated—remember they had never met or ever discussed the incident together—was that it would have been possible for the chechens at that point to blow up just about any building in moscow with the exception of the kremlin . there were a lot of buildings where the military and government officials lived , that were completely unguarded . everyone knew where those buildings were , where the military , except for the higher ranks , and the wealthier people lived , people the chechens believed were responsible for the first chechen war and the atrocities of that war . it made absolutely no sense in terms of revenge for the chechens to destroy an ordinary apartment building , it could only provoke a russian reaction . besides , the chechen terrorists were famous for bragging about what they did . all their attacks were quite spectacular , like the nord ost incident . these things were done for effect , for show , and were brutal like beslan . the chechens were never known for doing something and not claiming responsibility . in fact shamil basayev who was killed , our number one terrorist , had often claimed responsibility for incidents he had nothing to do with , like beslan . he said it was him but in fact it was some sort of splinter group . the only attack he said he had nothing to do with whatsoever was the one at 19 gurianova street . it was strange and very atypical . the chechens had absolutely nothing to gain from such an attack . which is what zakayev said ; they very much feared a second chechen war .
is there any truth to the claim of al qaeda involvement on the chechen side ? there may , he said , be limited financial backing , between five and ten percent . the rest comes from corruption , theft , kickbacks . money transferred from moscow for re - construction projects in chechnya winds up in chechen hands .
a russian journalist i met said he didn ' t think the putin people were directly responsible , that perhaps it was the work of a rogue element within the government . among the suspicions that floated about unconfirmed was that russian security knew the chechens were planning the incident but did nothing to stop it . on the other hand , trepashkin is , as he put it ,
a berezovsky guy .
aside from the 1998 debt default , the situation had become very difficult . a parliamentary election was scheduled for the coming winter , 1999 , a presidential election a year later . there were at the time two strong contending groups in russian political and business life he referred to as clans : the kremlin clan , meaning the yeltsin
family
who were prepared to do anything - he emphasized the word - to hold on to power . to lose power meant they could all be jailed or exiled , in other words left with less than nothing . the opposing clan was led by yuri lushkov , the mayor of moscow and included yevgeny primakov , a former prime minister , fired by yeltsin in may of that year . have you , he asked me , seen the film wag the dog ? that was the situation . the yeltsin clan needed a virtual war to distract the electorate . were the apartment bombings the work of an administration desperate to protect the yeltsin family ?
we have no evidence , we can ' t say that .
the yukos people were reported to be re - grouping in london . they ' d be unlikely to run off to madrid or paris . london is where their children attend private schools , where they own property , the reverse itinerary of philby , maclean , and burgess . in 1907 , stalin himself sought sanctuary from the czar ' s secret police in london ' s east end .