the new lot is a 1943 british drama film directed by carol reed and starring eric ambler , robert donat , kathleen harrison , bernard lee , raymond huntley , john laurie , peter ustinov and austin trevor , with music by richard addinsell .

the film follows five new recruits from different background and their experiences as they join the army .

the film was later expanded and remade as the way ahead , co-written by ambler and ustinov , directed by carol reed , and starring david niven .

the new lot

calculate the mean for each measured parameter on the new lot . calculate indices from the
assay values on a new lot of control should be confirmed before it is put into routine use . test the new lot when the instrument is in good working order and quality control results on the old lot are acceptable . the laboratory recovered mean should be within the assay range .
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for facility 2 , where 4 previously scheduled demands had to be left - shifted to make space for the new demand .
cinema audiences at the time never saw the new lot . but they soon became familiar with the film in outline , for most of the storyline , characters , and key technical people - reed included - were subsequently put to work in two cities ' commercial feature the way ahead ( 1944 ) . for a short period afterwards the new lot continued in use as a training film ; in the early 1990s , when it was considered lost , a copy was found among a collection from the indian ministry of information .
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since there was not a sufficiently long gap in the current schedule to allocate the entire production for the new demand , one possibility to create a feasible schedule may be to shift previously - scheduled demands to an earlier time to make space for the new demand . thereby , the heuristic identifies the latest gap in the considered facility before the due date . all conflicting scheduled demands before this gap are shifted backward in time ( towards the start of the planning horizon ) , without changing the order , and just enough to make space for the new demand . this can be seen in fig .
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native new yorker fatik has been involved in the rich musical history of new york city for over 5 + years doing a + r & handling the buying ( new music ) for downtown 304 records . this year he opened up the 1st brick & mortar shop in nyc that offers new vinyl / used vinyl / manufacture / distribution called second hand records in bushwick ny . on the show second hand love , he showcases the varying degrees of psychedelic soul music thru various genres ranging from fusion , disco , funk , soul , rare grooves , jazz , boogie , afro , & rock . most of the selections can be found via his shop .
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variations of construction heuristics have been used for various types of lot sizing problems . for example , ho et al . (
bitran , g . r . , yanasse , h . h . : computational complexity of the capacitated lot size problem . manag . sci .
wagner , h . m . , whitin , t . m . : dynamic version of the economic lot size model . manag . sci .
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drexl , a . , kimms , a . : lot sizing and scheduling–survey and extensions . eur . j . oper . res .
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another option to fit the demand may be to split the new demand . in this alternative , the heuristic will again consider the latest gap before the due date , and use all available consecutive capacity . then , it will attempt to schedule the rest of the demand at each of the other facilities , but only considering options
, removes a demand and re - inserts it at a new random position . the algorithm is run for 1500 generations , and all results are based on averages over 50 runs .
karimi , b . , fatemi ghomi , s . , wilson , j . : the capacitated lot sizing problem : a review of models and algorithms . omega
the production of biopharmaceuticals is an expensive and time - consuming endeavour . the average cost to bring a new biopharmaceutical to market is estimated at $ 1 . 2–1 . 8 billion given the high attrition rates ( dimasi and grabowski
almeder , c . : a hybrid optimization approach for multi - level capacitated lot - sizing problems . eur . j . oper . res .
jans , r . , degraeve , z . : modeling industrial lot sizing problems : a review . int . j . prod . res .
kimms , a . : a genetic algorithm for multi - level , multi - machine lot sizing and scheduling . comput . oper . res .
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the paper makes three contributions . first , it proposes a new heuristic to solve the multi - site biopharmaceutical lot sizing and scheduling problem that outperforms previously published approaches on a close to real - world case study . second , it demonstrates that the combination of genetic algorithm and construction heuristic that has been very successful in the scheduling domain can be successfully transferred to tackle complex lot sizing problems . third , it provides an example for the fact that an exact method based on typical simplifications ( in this case fixed time periods ) can be worse than a heuristic that does not need to make such simplifications .
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production planning aims to make best use of production resources in order to satisfy production goals or demand over a planning horizon . it is omnipresent in any manufacturing environment . one particular area in production planning is lot sizing and scheduling , which mostly focuses on the trade - off between set - up cost and inventory cost . the basic lot sizing problem was introduced in 1958 by wagner and whitin (
özdamar , l . , birbil , s . i . : hybrid heuristics for the capacitated lot sizing and loading problem with setup times and overtime decisions . eur . j . oper . res .
goren , h . c . , tunali , s . , jans , r . : a review of applications of genetic algorithms in lot sizing . j . intell . manuf .
jans , r . , degraeve , z . : meta - heuristics for dynamic lot sizing : a review and comparison of solution approaches . eur . j . oper . res .
a lot more work has been published on gas for the job - shop scheduling problem ( jsp ) , and they typically use a permutation - based representation , and then apply a construction heuristic to actually construct the schedule based on the permutation ( cheng et al .
james , r . j . w . , almada - lobo , b . : single and parallel machine capacitated lotsizing and scheduling : new iterative mip - based neighborhood search heuristics . comput . oper . res .
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) . because of the simplifications required to model the problem for mixed integer linear programming , the solution potentially suffers from an artificial restriction of the search space . the goal of this paper is therefore to develop a more flexible metaheuristic approach for the biopharmaceutical lot sizing and scheduling problem , and contrast it with the proposed mixed - integer programming approach as described by lakhdar et al . (
visualisation of construction heuristic , based on a simple example with two facilities and four demands . items ( i ) — ( vi ) show the alternatives the heuristic considers when identifying the most profitable place to insert a new demand into the schedule . the rectangle representing a demand includes the setup time ( so length varies depending on where the new demand is inserted ) . note that just using ( i ) or ( ii ) , feasible options are found on facility 1 but not on facility 2 . therefore the heuristic will terminate its search on facility 1 but continue on facility 2 using ( iii ) , ( iv ) , ( v ) , and ( vi )
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demands that are best scheduled just before the due date to save storage cost can be given a high priority . this will lead to the construction heuristic scheduling these demands early on , at a time where still a lot of capacity is available , and the cheapest option just before the due date would be selected .
) , most meta - heuristics developed for lot sizing are validated only on artificial test data , failing to demonstrate that they can tackle the complexities of real - world problems . another current research gap is that the vast majority of work on lot sizing assumes that the problems are deterministic , whereas in reality , demand and production rates are usually subject to uncertainty . integrating uncertainty will require novel approaches , and eas have already demonstrated some promise in dealing with such problems ( jin and branke
only if these alternatives are not feasible for a facility , e . g . , because a facility does not have a sufficiently large gap in its schedule , further options are explored that either move some of the already scheduled demands to make sufficient space for the new demand , split the demand into two parts and schedule the second part in another facility , or backlog the demand .
almada - lobo , b . , james , r . j . : neighbourhood search meta - heuristics for capacitated lot - sizing with sequence - dependent setups . int . j . prod . res .
, where the former appears much more often . in a direct representation , the sequence and lot sizes are directly encoded in the chromosome . the main challenge with such an approach is that mutations and crossovers can generate infeasible solutions , which is usually dealt with by discarding those solutions or by special repair operators ( özdamar and birbil
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ho , j . c . , chang , y . l . , solis , a . o . : two modifications of the least cost per period heuristic for dynamic lot - sizing . j . oper . res . soc .
piperagkas , g . s . , konstantaras , i . , skouri , k . , parsopoulos , k . e . : solving the stochastic dynamic lot - sizing problem through nature - inspired heuristics . comput . oper . res .
silver , e . a . , meal , h . c . : a heuristic for selecting lot size quantities for the case of a deterministic time - varying demand rate and discrete opportunities for replenishment . prod . invent . manag .
the ratio in profit of the full model compared to the simple model , optimized by the ga , shown for multiples of the base market demand as presented in the case study . the increasing ratio indicates the increasing benefit the full model will have in more complicated scheduling problems than the basic case study . error bars represent the standard error
the above alternatives will be evaluated for all the facilities that are capable of producing the product . then , the demand is inserted into the schedule according to the most profitable alternative examined , and the algorithm moves on to schedule the next demand .
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, the demand is split , but rather than using the latest gap before the due date , the first part of the demand is scheduled in the earliest gap after the due date . the remaining portion of the demand is attempted again to be scheduled in all other facilities , but only using options
ramya , r . , rajendran , c . , ziegler , h . : capacitated lot - sizing problem with production carry - over and set - up splitting : mathematical models . int . j . prod . res .
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) , who considered the case of a single product with deterministic demand . since then , many different extensions have been considered , reflecting the different environments in different industries . a particularly important extension is to include capacity constraints , resulting in the “capacitated lot sizing problem” ( clsp ) . good overviews on the research in this area have been compiled , for example , by drexl and kimms (
) , which generates active schedules by iteratively selecting the job with the highest priority ( lowest permutation index ) from the set of eligible jobs , and then scheduling it at the earliest possible time . however , this approach cannot be directly transferred to our lot sizing problem , because ( i ) scheduling as early as possible would lead to excessive storage costs and ( ii ) the existence of a heterogeneous set of alternative facilities .
pitakaso , r . , almeder , c . , doerner , k . f . , hartl , r . f . : a max - min ant system for unconstrained multi - level lot - sizing problems . comput . oper . res .
) . its task is to schedule demands ( or rather the production to satisfy the demand , but for simplicity we will continue calling it demand ) sequentially , in the order prescribed by the ga . when deciding at what time and what facility to insert a new demand into the schedule , the heuristic explores a number of different alternatives , and then greedily picks the alternative that creates the smallest additional cost . in essence , the heuristic will consider each facility in which the product may be produced . it then tries to schedule the entire demand in an uninterrupted way as late as possible to minimise storage cost , and as late as possible but adjacent to already scheduled demand of the same product to avoid setup cost and time .
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almada - lobo , b . , klabjan , d . , antónia carravilla , m . , oliveira , j . f . : single machine multi - product capacitated lot sizing with sequence - dependent setups . int . j . prod . res .
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in the following two subsections , we first explain the proposed construction heuristic , then provide details on the ga used .
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. the gantt chart of the milp solution generally shows shorter campaigns ( sequences of batches of the same product ) , and , especially visible on facility i4 , small gaps between production in different time periods , simply because the time period ( of 90 days ) is not equivalent to a duration spanned by a multiple of batches for this product in this facility . the schedule optimised by the ga has longer un - interrupted idle time , which may be advantageous if a new product is introduced to the facility or if a third party is seeking to rent and use production capacity .
. the lead time allows for the duration of the first batch of a campaign plus the setup and cleaning time before the first batch commences . incorporation of lead time is enforced by a binary variable
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by the smaller rectangle for the scheduled demand ) . in order to reduce the magnitude of the penalty , the heuristic will schedule the demand as early as possible in a gap that either straddles , or is later than , the due date . an example is provided in fig .
mehdizadeh , e . , hajipour , v . , mohammadizadeh , m . r . : a bi - objective multi - item capacitated lot - sizing model : two pareto - based meta - heuristic algorithms . int . j . manag . sci . eng . manag .
biopharmaceutical manufacturing requires high investments and long - term production planning . for large biopharmaceutical companies , planning typically involves multiple products and several production facilities . production is usually done in batches with a substantial set - up cost and time for switching between products . the goal is to satisfy demand while minimising manufacturing , set - up and inventory costs . the resulting production planning problem is thus a variant of the capacitated lot - sizing and scheduling problem , and a complex combinatorial optimisation problem . inspired by genetic algorithm approaches to job shop scheduling , this paper proposes a tailored construction heuristic that schedules demands of multiple products sequentially across several facilities to build a multi - year production plan ( solution ) . the sequence in which the construction heuristic schedules the different demands is optimised by a genetic algorithm . we demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on a biopharmaceutical lot sizing problem and compare it with a mathematical programming model from the literature . we show that the genetic algorithm can outperform the mathematical programming model for certain scenarios because the discretisation of time in mathematical programming artificially restricts the solution space .
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for greater control sensitivity each laboratory should establish its own mean and acceptable range and periodically reevaluate the mean . the laboratory range may include values outside of the assay range . target values not listed on the assay sheet may be established by the user if the control is suitable for the method .
the quality of the solution produced by the above construction heuristic is to some extent dependent on the order in which the demands are inserted into the schedule since available production capacity is more restricted the later a demand is considered . by giving priority to certain demands mainly three situations can be created .
) . specifically , each demand is given a unique id number ( from 1 to 225 ) , and the chromosome is a permutation of these numbers . the ordering of the numbers on the chromosome determines the order by which the construction heuristic processes the respective demands ( from first to last position ) and thus influences the resulting schedule .
overall , from these results , we conclude that the suggested ga approach is competitive with the milp approach , but does not suffer from the introduction of artificial time periods and thus is sometimes able to find better solutions than milp . the trend seems to be that the times for both optimisation methods are going up linearly . however the increase of the ga approach is of a smaller factor than that of the milp optimisations . this suggests that the relative performance of the ga is less susceptible to the detrimental impact of increasing the scale of the problem .
calculate control limits from the laboratory mean and long - term standard deviation . the longterm
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) . to compute the fitness value of a chromosome , a construction scheme is called , which constructs the solution backwards , starting from the end of the planning horizon .
in terms of their impact on profit . it shows the ratio of the obtained profit depending on whether the construction heuristic during the ga search was limited to looking at alternatives
also reports on the runtime of the two algorithms . for milp , the stopping criterion was 600s , so the runtime remained the same , but the optimality gap increased as the problem became more difficult by increasing the demand and thus utilisation level . the ga was run for a fixed number of generations . the computational time still increased with increasing the demand level . the reason is that an increasing demand raises the utilisation level and the construction heuristic is then less likely to be able to schedule a demand in steps ( i ) or ( ii ) , and thus more often has to look at the other alternatives for scheduling it . this will be explored further in the next subsection .
if the facilities are really busy , it may be best ( or the only feasible option ) to backlog the demand . that is to say that the time slot allocated to produce the material to meet the demand falls partly or wholly later than the due date for the demand . as described in the case study , this will result in a monetary penalty and part of the demand being lost , as is reflected in fig .
, due to different possibilities in scheduling the remaining part of a demand in case of a split . this means that in the worst case the complexity of the construction heuristic is
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describes in more detail the case study used to evaluate our approach . the ga and the associated construction heuristic are explained in sect .
sd is the average sd from previous lots . the sd for each parameter should be very
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shows the convergence of the ga over generations , and compares it with a purely random search , using fully random permutations or limited random permutations , i . e . , when half of the permutations are only random amongst demands of the same year , but the order on years is kept . as can be seen the results optimised by the ga are considerably better than the results obtained by random search . the limited randomisation helps in particular for the less loaded problems ( 1
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the appendix summarises the mathematical programme used in this paper and introduced by lakhdar et al . (
this article is distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution 4 . 0 international license (
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examines how often the various alternatives to insert a demand are actually selected by the construction heuristic , averaged over the best solution found in each of the 50 runs . as can be seen in the table , in the standard case , the majority of demands ( 92 . 8 % ) are inserted by either scheduling it as late as possible
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denote individual facilities , products , and time periods respectively . the subsets characterising the facilities being considered are :
biopharmaceutical production is typically done in a batch - wise manner , with substantial set - up cost and time for switching between products , and a relatively high storage cost . the resulting problem can thus be considered as a variant of the lot - sizing and scheduling problem , where a “lot” ( or “campaign” as it is often called in this industry ) is composed of a set of batches . however , biopharmaceutical production has a number of characteristics that make it challenging to optimise . to spread risk , companies usually have a portfolio of various products , and manufacturing takes place across a network of different facilities , including in - house facilities and outsourced ( contract ) manufacturing . the facilities’ capabilities usually vary with respect to the set of products they can produce , the production rates for different products , batch production costs and batch production times . furthermore , products have a finite shelf - life and cannot be stored for very long . overall , biopharmaceutical production constitutes a complex combinatorial optimisation problem .
we also investigated the scaling behaviour of both optimisation methods with increasing problem sizes . for this , we ran the ga and milp for problems with longer time horizons of 23 and 30 years ( in addition to the 15 year - long base case ) . for the longer time horizons , the demand forecasts for the years after year 15 were set equal to the forecast for each product in year 15 . to compare the two methods , the milp was first run for all three problem sizes with a stopping criterion of a 0 . 25 % optimality gap , at which point , the solution quality ( profit ) was recorded along with the time taken to achieve the solution . this profit value was then used as a target for the ga . the average time over the 50 runs that it took for the ga to match or beat those targets was recorded . the results of this experiment are shown in table
. this is reassuring , since if such an insertion is possible , the other options are not tested , which significantly speeds up the algorithm . as we move to the scenarios with higher demand , the percentage drops from 92 . 8 to 78 . 9 % . this still constitutes the majority of cases , but clearly the other insertion alternatives of the heuristic become more important .
originally , we initialised individuals randomly , but then realised that better solutions are produced if demands from a single year are grouped together on the chromosome . unless stated otherwise , the results in this paper are thus based on runs where 50 % of the population is initialised randomly , whereas the other 50 % only randomise the sequence of demands from the same year , but maintain the sequence of years ( i . e . , all demands of a particular year appear in the permutation before the demands of later years ) . for fitness evaluation , the ga calls the construction heuristic described in sect .
in this paper , we have considered the lot sizing and scheduling problem for a complex biopharmaceutical production scenario featuring multiple products , multiple facilities , and batch processing . for this challenging optimisation problem , we have proposed an ga based on an indirect permutation encoding that is decoded into a full schedule by a novel construction heuristic tailored to the problem at hand . a comparison with an milp approach from the literature showed that the ga is at least competitive , and often produces even better results than the milp approach . the reason is that the milp model artificially imposes a time granularity by dividing the time into discrete periods that is not needed in the ga approach . this shows that although gas are heuristic methods , they can sometimes outperform exact methods not only in terms of running time , but also because they are able to work with a model closer to reality .
to avoid setup times and setup costs , it may be beneficial to schedule a demand adjacent to the same product already scheduled . the heuristic picks the latest time slot before the due date that allows to link to a previously - scheduled demand of the same product , and has sufficient available capacity to schedule the entire demand–see fig .
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. the results of the empirical evaluation , including a comparison with an milp approach , are reported in sect .
runtimes strongly depend on the implementation skills of the developer , the hardware used , and software tools used , and thus have to be handled with caution . nonetheless , table
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) , the ga solution has lower manufacturing costs , i . e . , utilises better the low - cost facilities , and lower storage costs . it also manages to satisfy all the demand ( customer service level of 100 % ) , whereas the milp model chooses to backlog some of the demand . this is because the ga tries to satisfy all the demand as first priority and only backlogs if there is no other feasible option . the milp , however , has an explicit trade - off between backlog and other costs , and backlogs if the resulting solution has a higher profit . on the other hand , the setup costs of the ga solution are higher . overall , the profit generated by the ga solution is consistently higher , and by more than the 0 . 25 % optimality gap , i . e . the difference between the best solution found and the upper bound determined by the milp solver . this is possible because milp , due to its imposed time granularity , has an artificially restricted search space . it can switch less often between products , resulting in lower setup cost and higher storage cost . also , it sometimes wastes part of a time period , which may mean the need to use occasionally more expensive facilities , resulting in higher manufacturing costs . these differences can be seen also by comparing the gantt charts of the optimal solutions found by the milp and the ga which are depicted in fig .
( denoted as “simple” ) , or all alternatives ( “full” ) . a profit ratio of 1 means that the two models obtain the same profit , while a greater profit ratio indicates that the full model is able to achieve higher profits than the simple model . it confirms that the more complicated cases with splitting , backlogging and moving previously scheduled demand are responsible for an increasing share of the profit as the overall demand is increased . especially once the demand is increased to three times the original values , there seems to be a step change and the more complicated alternatives seem to become indispensable .
the objective is to maximize the overall profit , calculated as total revenue minus the cost for production , storage , setups and backlog penalties . given a set of heterogeneous facilities with different manufacturing yields , manufacturing cost , and batch production rates for different products , this takes into account maximizing the amount of products sold , and minimizing the manufacturing cost , the storage cost , the setup cost , and any backlog penalty .
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supervised by an officer appointed by the general staff ; produced for the directorate of army kinematography ; approved january 1943 ; aks production
.
demand . this also makes sense , as with higher utilisation of the facilities , there is increasing need to schedule demands outside the year the demand is delivered , and the artificial limitation of randomisation to within a year is no longer helpful .
in both individuals , this will also be true in the offspring . as the mutation operator we used shift mutation , which iterates through every element of the permutation and , with probability
for the scenario with twice the demand , the conclusions are similar to the base case . however , for three times the demand , it seems backlogging becomes crucial , and the milp approach seems better in doing that . while backlogging reduces the products sold due to lost demand and thus reduces revenue , the savings that can be achieved in terms of manufacturing cost and setup cost seem to outweigh this loss , and the overall profit of the milp approach is higher in this scenario . whether a slightly higher profit justifies a lower customer service level is a different issue . the ga’s construction heuristic , always tries to meet all the demand , even if this may lead to a possibly lower profit . finally , we observe that the ga has still lower storage cost and higher setup cost , probably due to not being constrained by the coarse time periods .
note that batch production means that unless the demand is exactly equal to an integer multiple of the batch size ( which itself is different for different facilities ) it is not possible to produce exactly the required demand . in such cases , the number of produced batches is always rounded up to the minimal integer number of batches necessary to fulfill the demand . the amount overproduced in such a case is put in storage , possibly to be used to ( partly ) fulfill future demand . before going through the steps above to insert a demand into the schedule , the construction heuristic will always check whether the product is in the storage , and try to partially fulfill the demand from storage . the cost associated with this is storage cost only , as manufacturing costs are invoked at the time of production , i . e . , when a previous scheduled demand produced that overcapacity . products left in storage that the heuristic can not use in later steps are considered lost and have no value .
optimising this order is left to the ga , which was implemented in java using the ecj library ( luke et al .
in order to better understand the importance and robustness of the various components of our algorithm , we did some additional experiments .
) . it uses a permutation representation of all the demands to be scheduled , i . e . , 225 in the industrial case study used here ( the number of elements in table
the first alternative considered is to schedule the entire demand as late as possible but before the due date , as one uninterrupted block , which minimizes storage cost at this facility . in the example , this is possible for facility 1 , see fig .
the construction heuristic we propose in this paper is therefore tailored to our problem , and still allows us to use the permutation - based approach that is successful in the job shop scheduling domain .
the demand forecast comprises a time horizon of 15 years and 15 products ( p1–p15 ) . the forecast indicates yearly market demands , assumed to be fulfilled at the end of each year ( table
the number of facilities . in practice , however , as we will show later , in the majority of cases , only options
) is the best possible , or that it is not possible to design an milp formulation that circumvents or at least reduces the impact of the time period length . however , the milp model is the only one we found in the literature for this problem , and we do believe that one of the advantages of gas is their greater flexibility in modelling the real world , and that solving a problem heuristically that is close to reality can sometimes work better than a model further from reality but solved to optimality .
) was 63 , which is not consistent with the general trend of the other years , so we changed it to 163 .
we updated the units for setup cost , sales price , storage cost and backlog penalty to be consistent with the other data .
to this end , we design an genetic algorithm ( ga ) with an embedded problem - specific construction heuristic . the ga uses an indirect permutation encoding , i . e . , the specifically developed construction heuristic schedules demands sequentially in the order prescribed by the chromosome . as we demonstrate , the use of an ga allows for a more flexible and realistic model of the real - life problem and avoids some of the simplifications necessitated by available mathematical programming models .
the setup time includes the time of production of the first batch . in addition , it is assumed that a month is 30 days and , subsequently , a year is equal to 360 days .
the competition saw 11 finalists auctioning off a range of products which helped raise more that $ 11 , 000 for the mcgrath foundation .
do not use the sd from parallel testing to establish a range . this sd is too narrow for control limits because it is obtained over a short time compared to the shelf life of the control .
. as can be seen , the time required for the milp and ga increases roughly linearly with problem size , however the factor by which runtime increases when moving from 15 to 30 years is 6 . 6 for milp , but only 2 . 8 for the ga .
this is a training film made for the british directorate of army psychiatry directed by carol reed and written by peter ustinov and eric ambler . the film features five different recruits and turns them into an efficient well motivated team . for fifty years this film was thought toe lost but this print turned up in india . the underlying plot of this training film formed the story line for the feature film the way ahead 1944
exemplary gantt chart of a schedule generated by the ga ( top ) and milp ( bottom ) , for the standard case . the profit and customer service level ( csl ) for each schedule is also indicated
the first author would like to acknowledge funding through the epsrc centre for doctoral training in emergent macromolecular therapies , ep / l015218 / 1 .
which builds a schedule by inserting demands iteratively in the order prescribed by the solution’s chromosome . the actual fitness is then the overall profit of the resulting schedule , i . e . , revenue minus storage , production , setup cost and backlog penalty . this objective function is defined mathematically in the “appendix” . we did not spend much effort on tuning parameters to this problem , but experiments with different population sizes and mutation rates show that results are rather insensitive to the parameter settings ( see table
) used mixed integer linear programming ( milp ) to solve this problem , and a full description of the mathematical programme formulation can be found in the “appendix” . the ga proposed in this paper is subject to the same constraints , except that we do not restrict production on a particular facility to one product per time period . this seemed to be an artificial restriction imposed only to reduce the modelling complexity of the milp .
for job shop scheduling , many successful gas use indirect encodings , with the ga only searching the space of permutations of jobs . for evaluation , a schedule is constructed from the permutation by a construction heuristic , often giffler - thompson , which iteratively selects the job with the highest priority ( lowest permutation index ) from the set of eligible jobs , and then schedules it at the earliest possible time . this avoids infeasible solutions and introduces a desirable heuristic bias , in the sense that it excludes obviously bad solutions ( such as schedules with big gaps ) from the search space . inspired by this work , we also propose using an indirect , permutation - based encoding combined with a construction heuristic . the construction heuristic , however , had to be carefully designed for the problem at hand .
for the ga , mean ± sd are listed , whereas milp is a deterministic method and was only run once . best mean is highlighted in bold–where the difference is not significant both are highlighted . ga timing values are the average time elapsed for each of the 50 runs ( i . e . , the total runtime of 50 runs divided by 50 )


the sheep thief ( aka : sheep 's feast ) is a 1997 united kingdom 16 mm short film by asif kapadia lasting 24 minutes , and is kapadia ’s graduation film from the royal college of art .

the sheep thief

this is a drafting type game . players can play sheep cards to add sheep to the board , or play the sheepdog card to herd the sheep into their pens . once they are in the pens they are safe . if a thief card is played the thieves will move , if the encounter a sheep they will steal the sheep .
breed some sheep , and watch them prosper , but watch out for those shifty sheep thieves .
we’d love your help . let us know what’s wrong with this preview of the sheep thief by al walker .
but the one who enters by the gate is the shepherd of the sheep . …
not entering in by the door to the fold of the sheep , but climbing up another way , he is a thief and a robber .
whenever there was a sickness , the sheep thief came to care for the ill with soup and a soft touch . whenever there was work needing to be done , the sheep thief came to help with a lending hand . it made no difference if the person were rich or poor , the sheep thief was there to help . never accepting pay for his good deeds , he lived his life for others .
a man stops to help the unconscious boy , but when he discovers the stigma branded on the thief’s forehead , he abandons him again . luckily it starts to rain . the sheep thief wakes up and comes to his feet .
in short the sheep thief tells the story of a thief who , not unlike aladdin , survives by using magic . his development is vitalized through the use of the red scarf and by his progress as a magician . in the beginning the thief shows magic tricks to the brothers , but in the end he may be the cause of a cloudburst . it is then told that he is going to help other families with his magic . the magic represents the glimpse of hope that exists in the sheep thief .
the reflection of the sky colours the sheep thief ' s eyes in such a way that the two correspond . in this way , the film seems to suggest an underlying harmony between the two .
the trailer had a load of a number of sheep and one sheep was at the back of the bakkie with two male passengers ,
khosana said .
magic plays an important role in the sheep thief . one of the poetic highlights of the film is the scene at the market , in which the sheep thief tells the younger of the two brothers that he can make it rain . he asks the boy to look up at the sky and then sprays some water from a bottle at him . another of these moments we find in the scene in which the thief shows to the brothers how to make resin run from a tree trunk .
i can guarantee this truth : the person who doesn ' t enter the sheep pen through the gate but climbs in somewhere else is a thief or a robber .
when asked , the driver could not specify who the sheep belonged to or provide the documents for the stock .
truly i tell you , anyone who doesn ' t enter the sheep pen by the gate but climbs in some other way is a thief and a robber .
i assure you : anyone who doesn ' t enter the sheep pen by the door but climbs in some other way , is a thief and a robber .
jesus said ,
i am telling you the truth : the man who does not enter the sheep pen by the gate , but climbs in some other way , is a thief and a robber .
with the headline : screen : sheep bandits ; ‘orgosolo’ introduces de seta , director .
verily , verily , i say unto you , he that entereth not by the door into the fold of the sheep , but climbeth up some other way , the same is a thief and a robber .
it is through a refined use of classical dramatic elements in the setting of a short film that asif kapadia opens up his main character . the same can be said about the construction of the protagonist in the sheep thief .
very truly i tell you pharisees , anyone who does not enter the sheep pen by the gate , but climbs in by some other way , is a thief and a robber .
truly , truly , i tell you , one who does not enter by the door into the sheep fold , but climbs up some other way , the same is a thief and a robber .
verily , verily , i say to you , he that entereth not by the door into the sheep - fold , but climbeth up some other way , the same is a thief and a robber .
most certainly , i tell you , one who doesn ' t enter by the door into the sheep fold , but climbs up some other way , the same is a thief and a robber .
a carmarthenshire sheep rustler awaits sentencing after a ground - breaking investigation used dna evidence to prove a genetic link between the progeny of stolen sheep and secure a conviction .
i was introduced to al walker the author of , “ the sheep thief , ” through tracey jones the daughter of charlie “tremendous” jones who published al’s book and is now running the publishing company since her fathers death .
“truly , truly , i say to you , he who does not enter by the door into the fold of the sheep , but climbs up some other way , he is a thief and a robber .
the set - up and establishment of pov occur in the most dramatic sequence in the sheep thief . the pov of the film is fixed in this sequence that is defined and framed by the two shots of the boy lying unconscious on the sand . the pov of the boy finds its fixed form during the climax of the sequence as the thief hits his opponent’s eye and blinds him . though the sheep thief is not a film that in any way questions conventional cinematic codes or the position of the spectator , it provides an interesting solution to the problem of establishing the protagonist’s pov , in this case through the destruction of another pov . the action reduces the possibilities for identification . the spectator’s pov is established with a violence that is absent in the rest of the film . this sharpens our sensibility to the new world that opens to the thief and to us as spectators . at one and the same time , the dramatic moment in the set - up limits the possibilities for identification and opens the spectator’s eyes to the thief’s special world .
blood tests taken from lambs born from the sheep had corresponding genetic links to rams from the victim’s farm .
in the fictitious universe of the sheep thief , the protagonist is literally making the sky cry . he is the boy whose words come true . situated in the space between the realistic and the mythic plane , he binds the two together . like the water meeting on his face , he is a figure of transgression and mediation , reconciling binary opposites : always on the edge of society , the sheep thief connects the social world with the individuality of the outcast , belonging with loneliness , and wrong ( stealing ) with right ( doing magic ) .
al walker utilizes the parable of the sheep thief and the character of mr . taylor , a successful corporate board member and mentor , to remind us that anyone , anywhere can make a positive change in life .
truly , truly , i say to you , he who does not enter by the door into the fold of the sheep , but climbs up some other way , he is a thief and a robber .
the protagonist in the sheep thief is caught in the act of stealing a sheep , is branded on the forehead and expelled from society . the film is centred around his subsequent struggle to achieve social acceptance and recognition , and it largely obeys the laws and design of classical narration as it portrays the young indian boy’s efforts and eventuallyhis final fall . with a plot that easily summarised it is evident that the sheep thief doesn’t invest its 23 minutes in a complex narrative structure . hence the question arises as to how time is spent in this production .
kapadia’s film is entitled the sheep thief , which almost automatically leads one’s thoughts to vittorio de sica’s neorealistic classic , the bicycle thief from 1947 . kapadia’s film , like de sica’s , is shot on location , the dialogue is minimal and children and other amateur actors are seen in the leading parts . at the same time , the sheep thief tells a tragic and stark story about the absolutely lowest level of indian existence , while never losing sight of the beauty and possibilities inherent in this existence . as a story , the sheep thief has all the classical neorealistic virtues . the film can be seen as an adventure in a poor but beautiful india and as an illustration of the mechanisms that turn a boy into a thief . it is important to keep in mind that the quality of the film lies in its way of interweaving these problems with a simple plot , but what lifts it beyond just being good and sympathetic craftsmanship is its ambiguity . the richness in nuance is especially obvious in the description of the thief’s character and his development .
- - the former of these words means the petty thief who commits the smaller or unobserved robbery . the latter means the brigand or highwayman , and is applied ,
possibly inspired by the younger brother , the thief steals a golden lamp from a local temple . some young men from the village follow him and beat him up . an elderly man observes the attack and as he approaches the scene the attackers hurry away . the thief succeeds in turning the situation to his own advantage . he gives the lamp to the elderly man and tells him that he was trying to prevent the others from stealing it . the sheep thief is suddenly hailed as a hero . after that , the selling of the mangoes becomes a prosperous business .
finally , after having been approved by the village counsel the sheep thief is caught up by his past in the shape of the man who had branded him – an incarnation of destiny . eventually the protagonist’s fate is fulfilled . he must obey ’the law of gravity’ .
she discovered two things by this sight . one was that the sheep thief was only stealing the sheep in order to survive , not just for some fun or entertainment . the sheep thief only took what he had needed for that day to survive . two , that he was a young man about her age and suffering like this . that any one even herself could have ended up like this . trying to survive and fighting for her life every day . surviving in a small area of the woods in order to eat he had to steal sheep . the world was no longer perfect for lise .
in lise’s eye was finally reviled though what the reader see at the beginning . it also proved the point that the sheep thief only took what was needed , and nothing more . the ring that once meant so much to her was now as worthless as the handkerchief .
all who came before me were thieves and robbers , but the sheep did not listen to them .
once a thief , now a king , eugenides knows the palace of attolia better than anyone , even his wife , the queen .
of course the protagonist is more than just a construction in a film like the sheep thief . however it is still possible to extract some essential components from the figure . the main character in the film is , first and foremost , a child and a thief . he is therefore , by definition , both innocent and guilty . the character’s inner drive is embedded in this simple antagonism .
maybe out of pity for the sheep thief she held out her most precious item , her wedding ring . “but he did not take the ring . as she let it go it dropped to the ground as her handkerchief had done . ”
so he said to them again , “truly , truly , i tell you , i am the gate for the sheep .
the tale falls into three parts . ( 1 ) a flock of sheep disappear one by one . ( 2 ) tiger , or his equivalent , puts on the animal ' s skin in order to catch the thief . ( 3 ) the thief is caught , but escapes his captor ; or he provides a substitute ; or he is pursued and takes refuge in the roof .
a young boy gets caught stealing a sheep and is shaved of all his hair and branded with a mark on his forehead so that everyone will know that he is a thief and not to be trusted . dumped in the desert , the thief covers his marking with a headscarf and goes to the nearest village where he is taken in by a trusting family in return for his work . however , has be actually changed or is he still the same thief at heart ?
zee takes a look at this new and enhanced version of sheep & thief , a light drafting game for families . buy great games at urltoken find more reviews and videos at urltoken bgg link : urltoken
10 : 1 - 5 here is a parable or similitude , taken from the customs of the east , in the management of sheep . men , as creatures depending on their creator , are called the sheep of his pasture . the church of god in the world is as a sheep - fold , exposed to deceivers and persecutors . the great shepherd of the sheep knows all that are his , guards them by his providence , guides them by his spirit and word , and goes before them , as the eastern shepherds went before their sheep , to set them in the way of his steps . ministers must serve the sheep in their spiritual concerns . the spirit of christ will set before them an open door . the sheep of christ will observe their shepherd , and be cautious and shy of strangers , who would draw them from faith in him to fancies about him .
the fact that mak and gill so adamantly claim that the sheep they have stolen is their child seems to imply that they themselves are sheep ( because only a sheep can give birth to a sheep , right ? ) run astray . considering they are thieves ( or at least mak is ) this is an easy comparison to make . the newborn jesus is to be their shepherd . the angel summons the three shepherds to meet the infant jesus because they share a common profession . he summons his flock of shepherds because , like vincent pointed out , they believe in forgiveness , a common tenet of christianity . they seek out the sheep gone astray ( their literal sheep as well as mak and gill ) and ask the human sheep to admit their crime . they simply ask for a confession , another feature familiar to the catholic faith .
if sigismund would forget about his sheep to come and find her . “sigismund would look for her in all directions ; he would be unable to understand what had come of her and for a minute a short minute… . ” lise wanted sigismund to worry about her just like he had worried about the sheep . by doing this she encountered the sheep thief in her small void . “as she rose looked into the face of a man that was already in the shelter . ”
jesus said : i tell you for certain only thieves and robbers climb over the fence instead of going in through the gate to the sheep pen .
i tell you the solemn truth , the one who does not enter the sheepfold by the door , but climbs in some other way , is a thief and a robber .
the bicycle is however replaced by a sheep both as a main motif and in the title , as a reminder that kapadia’s film is located in india , primarily dealing with indian society . the sheep thief evidently draws inspiration from indian culture and film culture . a fact which is reflected , for instance , by the simplicity of the thoroughly composed pictures , the pronounced and sensuous colour scheme , the mythic condensed universe and the deliberately naive use of symbols .
but when the family tries to sell the fruit at the village market , no one is interested in buying their produce . the younger of the two brothers asks the thief if he can help them by using his magic .
[ the men ] were arrested and charged for possession of suspected stolen items . the nissan 1400 bakkie and sheep were confiscated .
. the difference between a thief and a robber , with the jews , was , that the former took away a man ' s property privately , and the latter openly ( p ) .
the two brothers were likable , but undisciplined , with a wild streak in them . their mischievous behavior turned serious when they began stealing sheep from the local farmers—a serious crime in this pastoral place , so long ago and far away . in time , the thieves were caught . the local farmers decided their fate : the two brothers would be branded on the forehead with the letters st for “sheep thief . ” this sign they would carry with them forevermore .
at the same time , we have a character who tries to hide his true identity . the main character’s hidden identity gives the film its tension and suspense . but at the same time it sets in relief an important aspect of the figure . the protagonist always represents the spectator’s eye and is therefore our main point of entrance into the fiction . the main character mediates between the real world outside and the fiction . the boy in the sheep thief is a stranger , and because of his secret he can never be an integrated part of the world of the family with the mango tree . this again qualifies him as the spectator ' s agent . throughout most of the film , the thief even carries a visible mark signifying this . the red scarf hides his second identity and thereby constitutes itself as sign of the boy’s main conflict and function . this is classical . but the division in the thief’s character also shows up on several levels . the thief is burned by the sun and by the stigma in his forehead , but at the same time , he produces rain and resin . he carries the sign of destruction , but he makes the family business prosper . the thief mediates several conditions and this tension and the development it encourages makes him attractive and open for identification .
amen , amen i say to you : he that entereth not by the door into the sheepfold , but climbeth up another way , the same is a thief and a robber .
later , we shall take a closer look at the ways in which kapadia establishes the point of view of the main character . the establishment of pov is a critical moment in any movie , but as i will try to show , the solution to the problem in the sheep thief is particularly refined . i shall also briefly situate the film with respect to genre . but first , back to the plot :
before leaving the family , however , the protagonist tears his scarf in two and hands the pieces over to the two kids . with pride they tie them around their foreheads , wearing them as a symbol of gratitude and admiration . the sheep thief is thus , in short , a story about a thief turning into a magician and a scarf thereby changing value : from being a piece of cloth used to conceal , it is turned into an emblem of honour .
( 2 ) the thief - catcher is
head - man
in edwards as in jamaica ; in barker he is a man who comes to town ; in wona , he is tacoomah ; in parsons , a lion gets in with the sheep and is taken as the plumpest of them .
in most solemn truth i tell you that the man who does not enter the sheepfold by the door , but climbs over some other way , is a thief and a robber .
i can make the sky cry
the protagonist tells the younger boy in the family at the market and plays a simple trick on him : he lures him to focus on the sky , then squirts water in his face , thereby giving the illusion that he can perform
magic
. the sheep thief is installed not only as an icon of theft , but also as an icon of magic in the eyes of the two young boys . that is why , when the family has difficulties selling their mangoes at the market , one of the boys asks the protagonist to do magic that will make people buy their fruits . in the following sequence , and almost as an answer to the request , the protagonist heads towards the temple , presumably to pray to higher forces for a miracle . but once again he is overwhelmed by his fate , which is communicated to the spectator by the film’s pov - strategy , where the frame is drawn from the religious icon of the temple to a golden jug . in the next scene , the sheep thief is running away with the jug , his latest object of desire , but he is watched and attacked during his escape . he nevertheless succeeds in holding on to the jug . one of the villagers , who witnesses the scene from a distance , misinterprets the situation and by an almost divine intervention , the protagonist is celebrated as the savior of the jug . in the mythic universe of the sheep thief misdeed is turned into virtue , and thanks to the reputation that subsequently arises around the protagonist and the family which has taken him under their wing , almost everyone in the village makes a pilgrimage to the family booth at the market . the sheep thief has , in a roundabout way , fulfilled the young boy’s request and the dividing line between theft and magic is erased as the former is metamorphosed into the latter .
in the film , the boy continues to steal but the spectator easily forgives him . we can understand the impossible situation he is in , but empathy is also dependent on the emotional involvement of the spectator . it is , as mentioned , a critical moment in most movies if this identification is well established . in the sheep thief the problem is solved both in an exciting and an effective way .
john williams , “the book thief” steven price , “gravity” william butler and owen pallett , “her” alexandre desplat , “philomena” thomas newman , “saving mr . banks”
the second shepherds’ play intends to make biblical stories interesting to a largely uninformed population , but the play seems to contain a very notable amount of material that had no biblical source . was the nativity scene involving the well - known thief , mak , stealing the shepherd’s sheep and calling it his “baby” purely for the audience’s entertainment or was there a deeper explanation ?
“truly , truly , i tell you , whoever does not enter the sheepfold by the gate , but climbs in some other way , is a thief and a robber .
“timeless truth i speak with you : whoever enters not by the gate to the sheepfold , but comes up from another place , is a thief and a robber . ”
verily , verily , i say unto you , he that entereth not by the door into the sheepfold , but climbeth up some other way , the same is a thief and a robber .
verily , verily , i say unto you , he that enters not by the door into the sheepfold , but climbs up some other way , the same is a thief and a robber .
truly , truly , i say to you , he that enters not by the door into the sheepfold , but climbs up some other way , the same is a thief and a robber .
“the farmers who unsuspectingly bought the sheep at market also deserve my thanks and appreciation for their assistance in this investigation along with colleagues from apha for providing the forensic opportunities . ”
the opening of this short by asif kapadia is overwhelming . under the burning sun , from an olympian high angle shot , we see a young boy lying on the glowing sand on the one side of two wheel - tracks . after the title - sequence we cut back in time . now , at ground level , we see the boy hiding in the dark city night . in front of a house , a sheep is tied up . the boy cautiously crawls out of his hiding - place , unties the sheep and grabs it . the theft is soon discovered and the boy , closely pursued by two men , runs through the narrow alleys of the city carrying the animal in his arms . when one of the pursuers reaches out to grab the sheep thief , the latter suddenly stops and hits him with a primitive weapon . the pursuer is hit in the eye and falls to the ground . the sheep thief finds a hiding place under a house , but when he is about to pick up a coin somebody lost in the street , he is discovered by the second pursuer . the punishment for theft is cruel . the boy gets a stigma burnt onto his forehead . his wild hair is cut and he is left to his fate on the sand outside the city .
however , the artefacts in the sheep thief are not completely detached from a realistic universe . the spectator does not witness a process of de - realisation by aesthetic means . what he does witness , however , is how the film’s stylistic emphasis throws objects into the foreground , thereby giving them additional meaning . they open a door to a mythic plane which coexists alongside the realistic one . therefore the universe of the sheep thief is not a uniform , prosaic one . it is , on the contrary , a world charged with meaning and connectedness . following this line of argument , to be rightfully understood , the artefacts in the film should be interpreted as mediating symbols : present in realistic space , referring to a mythic reality .
a victim - instigated inquiry within the farming community traced 21 of the sheep to llanybydder livestock market within two weeks , where they were bought by unsuspecting farmers .
truly , i tell all of you emphatically , the person who doesn ' t enter the sheepfold through the gate , but climbs in by some other way , is a thief and a bandit .
the film recounts their arduous trek across the rockcovered mountainside , a grim , doomed , solitary journey with a bitterly ironic conclusion . the motif is reminiscent of “the bicycle thief” and the rash of neo‐realistic postwar italian films , but the documentary‐style technique is spare and modern .
“truly , truly , i say to you , he who does not enter the sheepfold by the door but climbs in by another way , that man is a thief and a robber .
this magic represents the one glimpse of hope that exists in the sheep thief and at the same time it equips the protagonist with some of the inner tension that makes him interesting as an object of identification . i will later take a closer look at the creation of this figure of identification and in that connection , will naturally focus on the dramatic set - up in the film . but first i will briefly comment on both stylistics and genre relations .
warrant officer malebo khosana said police pulled over a bakkie pulling a trailer en route to senekal . it was alleged the sheep were being taken to lesotho .
john 10 : 1
truly , truly , i tell you , whoever does not enter the sheepfold by the gate , but climbs in some other way , is a thief and a robber .
alf ventress mounts a large - scale surveillance operation in an effort to track down the wool thief responsible for de - fleecing sheep in aidensfield . bernie finds himself in hot water when an estranged son arrives to bury his father - who is already six feet under . drama , starring james carlton and peter benson .
kapadia’s first visit to cannes was in 1997 , when his student film the sheep thief took second place in the cinefondation awards , and he has been a frequent visitor to the croisette ever since . in 2013 , he attended as an executive producer on amit kumar’s monsoon shootout , which played , as amy will , out of competition in a midnight screenings slot .
furthermore , like water , he is a link to fertility and life , which is pointed out in his relation to the family , whose material and spiritual needs he meets . this is very well reflected in the film’s final line , spoken by the mother answering her son’s question as to where the sheep thief has gone :
to help another family
, she replies promptly and resolutely .
a patient dyfed - powys police force waited for the sheep to lamb before requesting the animal plant health agency ( apha ) to blood sample lambs , which then linked them to blood samples from the farmer’s ram .
the ring by isak dinesen summary a young newlywed couple was going for a walk . they had just been married after ten or so years of secretly seeing each other because the woman ' s , lovisa ' s , parents would not approve . on their walk they come along a sheep master who needs the husband ' s assistance with his sick sheep . while talking with him he tells them of the thief that has been stealing his sheep and murdering people . this interests lovisa a lot . the husband tells lovisa to go home because it might take a while . on her walk home she comes up with a plan to see how much her husband truly cares for her . so she hides in some shrubbery to wait for him to look for her . while she ' s hiding , the thief / murderer appears in the shrubbery . he holds a knife to her neck but then puts it down . she carefully removes her wedding ring to offer for her freedom . she drops it and he kicks it away . she then drops her handkerchief and the thief picks it up and leaves . she goes to her husband and the only thing she tells him is that she lost her wedding ring . literary elements irony : lovisa did not want to have any secrets from her husband but by the end of the story , she kept the biggest secret from him . symbolism : lovisa ' s innocence - white dress and sunhat loss of innocence - lovisa leaves her hat with her husband . foreshadowning : loss on innocence - little red riding hood conflicts man vs . self : lovisa struggle with her change in character throughout the story . man vs . man : lovisa is on conflict with the thief in the shrubbery . theme the theme is that due to a loss of innocence ; one is forced to change . plot diagram exposition : background information to their lives so the reader gets a sense of who they are . inciting force : when lovisa first hears about the thief and is intrigued . conflict : when lovisa is confronted with her change and with the thief that causes the conflict . rising action : their walk up until . . . crisis : lovisa gives up her wedding ring to the thief . climax : lovisa sees the thief in the shrubbery with his knife . falling action : the thief leaves her in the shrubbery and she goes to her husband resolution : she tells her husband that she misplaced her wedding ring somewhere but won ' t tell him where
at the end of the film , we get a pay - off to ensure that the line
i can make the sky cry
becomes almost prophetic in nature : the sheep thief lies on his back on desert rocks , staring into the cloudless sky . the camera focuses on his face and shows the sky’s reflection in his eyes [ 3 ] . we cannot fail to see the tear running down his cheek . in an absolutely non - realistic scenario there is a sudden cloudburst . heavy rain starts pouring down from the blue sky and teardrops and raindrops melt together on the face of the protagonist .
all kinds of spiritual reasons are given for this campaign of lies , but ultimately it leaves weak believers exposed and unprotected before the “gates of hell” ( matthew 16 : 18 ) , and scatters the sheep away from the fold and the shepherds .
but soon the past catches up with the thief . the man who had branded him recognises him at the market , and the next day , the boy is expelled from the village . before he leaves , he divides his red scarf into two strips and gives one to each brother . the three boys lie on the sand outside the city and for a while they look up at the sky . suddenly it starts raining and the two brothers return home . the thief walks on and continues towards an uncertain future .
to help another family
, as the mother puts it when she and her two sons work around the mango tree again in the closing scene . and one of the boys replies :
he can help them with his magic
.
in his
researches concerning the book of sindibad
, pfls 9 : 144 . a rich herder camps beside a village at night . a prowling lion gets among the beasts . a thief comes and , feeling the animals to see which is the plumpest , lays hands upon the lion .
the story of the sheep - thief and the disguised watchman is popular in jamaica , especially in st . ann parish , and i have given three versions in order to show the range of variation and the persistence of the essential plot . i have abbreviated white ' s version without other change except the insertion of the incident of the misunderstood warning , which comes from another version and commonly precedes the episode of the
refugees in the roof .
besides these three versions , wona has the story , 30 - 36 , and in jekyll , 88 , tiger puts on a similar disguise at the conclusion of annancy and candle - fly ( see number 7 ) .
by several means , the process of falling is established as the centre of attention in the film . in the scene mentioned earlier , in which the family picks fruits for the market , specific emphasis is put on the mangoes’ movement from treetop to ground , which is accentuated by audio - visual means . it is clearly established how the fall of the mangoes can be considered a mise - en - abyme commenting on the boy’s social déroute . but as the mangoes’ fall proves to be fruitful , so does the sheep thief’s . the development of the protagonist is mirrored by the scar on his forehead , which is transformed from an ugly , inflamed wound attracting flies , into a beautiful rounded sign .
sheep present a serious problem in “bandits of orgosolo , ” the sincerely intended italian drama that arrived yesterday at the paris . a new young director named vittorio de seta has made his film modestly and well , but he never strays far away from his flock . the film is visual , original , poignant and intelligent , but it moves at a sheep ' s pace .
johannesburg - four men were arrested when they were found in possession of 14 stolen sheep , police in ventersburg , free state , said on sunday .
,
in this first verse , our lord ( as in ver . 7 ) meant at once to designate himself . this is not necessary . he rather summons the pharisees to recognize the fact that there is a door , a way of sure and divinely appointed admission to the
fold of the sheep ,
through which the veritable shepherd passes , bringing his flock with him by well - known voice and manner . later on , our lord claims to be the one way ' by which all under - shepherds can gain true access to the flock , and all the sheep of god ' s pasture can find protection and freedom ; but here he suggests the principle of discrimination between a true shepherd and a thief or robber . the
) , they had thrust him out from the fold of god . the true shepherd had sought and found this lost sheep , who is now standing near , in his presence and in that of the false shepherds . he teaches who the shepherd and what the flock of god really are .
( 1 ) the witty opening of the jamaica versions based on a compensation motive ( see numbers 22 and 63 ) , in which the rascal takes advantage of an open - handedness common to aristocratic wealth , does not occur outside jamaica . compare tremearne , fl 21 : 213 - 214 . in parsons , he pleads his wife ' s illness ; in edwards and barker , he is a mere thief . in barker , as in jamaica , the story accepts the absurdity that all the sheep have disappeared except the last .
is used in this place only , equivalent to
from some other quarter than the ordinary home of the shepherd
) . his purpose is not to benefit the sheep , but to seize them , or slaughter them for his own purposes (
i feel as if the nativity scene involving the thief , mak , stealing the shepherd’s sheep and calling it his “baby” was for the audience’s entertainment , but also had deeper meaning . i agree with someone above that this was during a time that people still didn’t know much about religion and just would have found this humerus , but the author obviously clearly knew the biblical story he was referencing and made it to be funny and made it so the story was more casual while also including a lesson . it also seems as if maybe the author was using mak to explain to the audience christ’s birth .
last year , three of the academy’s five best animated feature nominees received annie award nods prior to oscar placement : shaun the sheep movie , anomalisa , and inside out , which ultimately won both the academy award and the annie . the annies and the oscars have awarded the same film in the category 10 times since 2001 – the year the academy introduced its best animated feature honor . at the 1992 oscars , the annies’ first best animated feature winner , 1991’s beauty and the beast , became the first animated film in history to be nominated for best picture .
andrew paul thomas , aged 39 , bryncethin road , garnant , previously pleaded not guilty before forensic techniques proved he stole 50 pregnant sheep from near ammanford in january 2015 .
although it is the meeting with the friendly family that catalyses the thief’s transition from wild boy to magician , it is obvious that his stigmatization plays a major role in his development . had he not been discovered and literally torn out of the darkness that surrounds him in the beginning , he would never have met the family with the mango tree and there would probably not have been any progression at all .
is one who would use violent means to secure his purpose ( judas was a
thief ,
barabbas was a
robber
) . the false shepherd disdains the door , and climbs up some other way along his own selfish lines of action (
from some part of the fence , away from the door where the porter is watching .
most of the play deals with the efforts of three shepherds to keep a thieving scoundrel named mak from stealing their sheep ( these are the shepherds to whom the angels and the christmas star announced the birth of jesus ) . in spite of their vigilance , mak manages to steal a lamb . the scene in which mak and his wife , gil , try to pass the lamb off as their newborn baby is some of the best comedy ever written . the play ends with angels greeting baby jesus in the manger .
in the beginning it clearly represents how lise is young and naïve . not knowing of the danger around her . “it was not a long time since she has played with dolls… . ” as it goes on the reader can quickly discover something wrong with sigismund and lise’s marriage . by the quote , “so she was turned away by an impatient husband to whom the sheep meant more then the sheep . ” the sheep that sigismund owned and took pride in . that seemed more important then his wife . lise has not yet found out this fact showing her nativity to the world once again . her “perfect” world is still perfect to her , from her eyes . this perfect world that she had created is soon to be unraveled , like a ball of yarn with a cat playing with it .
eddis had heard several people , out of the thief ' s hearing , lamenting the loss of his acerbic comments on the court , but found that she missed his grin more . he still smiled from time to time , his smiles sweeter for their infrequency , but he no longer grinned .
casanova quinn , a decadent thief and black sheep to the most famous family in global super - espionage , gets kidnapped across parallel dimensions where survival means masquerading as the greatest secret agent the world has ever known . . . casanova quinn . the first volume of the ultimate in science fiction spy psychedelia collected in an ultra - deluxe oversized edition . at long last , all the covers , all the content , all the comics , between two gorgeous covers . by matt fraction ( sex criminals , satellite sam , hawkeye ) , gabriel bá ( umbrella academy , daytripper ) , and fábio moon ( daytripper , bprd ) . collects casanova # 1 - 4
i am out of town this week , so i asked my friend , asher intrater , to share a recent article he wrote on “scattering the sheep . ” it is a warning and reminder for believers in yeshua !
i think , like many elements in this play , that the scene in which mak steals the sheep is included because of it’s comedic entertainment . including the background story of mak and his wife , along with the stealing and the scene that follows where the shepherds find the stolen sheep , was an attempt to make the story enjoyable for the audience . however , enjoyment was not the only thing that the author intended for the audience to take away from this play . the author would not have made so many biblical and manger - scene references if he wasn’t trying to get across a deeper message . not being fully confident in my thinking about what the exact point the author was attempting to make , i will say that perhaps the author was trying to make the shepherds more personable by showing their vulnerability to mak and the lies that he tells . another point that i think is being shown is that even though mak is able to deceive the shepherds at first , he fails at the end because the three shepherds are able to figure out his wrong - doings .
firstly , mobil producing nigeria a subsidiary of exxon mobil is the operator of the nigerian national petroleum corporation ( nnpc ) / mpn joint venture . exxon mobil takes a gargantuan 40 % of the profits made from the venture while the “whole of nigeria” takes 60 % . we all know over 20 billion dollars of our profit grew wings just like the windfall of the gulf war . we should know that exxon mobil is the powerful thief called nnpc ravaging and plundering our resources with impunity .
an atmospheric short about young orphan who is caught stealing a sheep but is taken in by a family . will he fit in to his new village ? i loved the naturalistic acting and suspect that most of the cast ( there is no cast list for the film ) were not actors .
a young street kid , tashan , is caught stealing a sheep , branded and left for dead . he awakes , covers his mark and embarks on his journey . on a dirt . . .
the nameless thief helps two boys harvesting a mango tree and succeeds in becoming friends with them . he also shows some magic tricks to the boys , and step by step , they end up trusting him . the boys’ mother invites him to stay , provided that he help them with their daily harvesting work , which he does .
( 3 ) barker ' s version has a moralizing tendency ; it is the friend who accompanies the thief who , all a flash of lightning , detects the trap and escapes . in edwards , as in version ( b ) , the rascal shifts the burden to his unsuspecting accomplice and himself escapes , edwards and parsons both conclude with the episode of taking refuge in the roof , as in version ( c ) . for references see parsons , . 117 note 2 .
lise’s sense of the perfect world had just been shattered . “she had never in her life been exposed to danger . ” at first fear shot through her body . the sight that laid before lise is what brought terror though her . what stood before her was the sheep thief , now discovering this fact . “his arms hung down to his side , his right hand clasped the hilt of a knife . ” but soon she realized that there was nothing to be afraid of . “she sensed that the alcove had been turned into a convert . on the ground a couple of sacks formed a couch ; there were some gnawed bones by it . ”
amy winehouse documentary from the director of senna will play in the midnight secreenings section of the cannes film festival .
temporary inspector matthew howells thanked the carmarthenshire farming community for its patience , applauding the victim for the determination shown .