grounds for marriage is a 1951 american romantic comedy film directed by robert z. leonard .

written and produced by samuel marx , the film stars van johnson and kathryn grayson .

grounds for marriage

van johnson and kathryn grayson dressed for the “carmen” dream sequence in “grounds for marriage . ”
incompatibility : grounds for a great marriage ! : chuck . snyder : 9780945564027 : urltoken books
kathryn grayson , van johnson , paula raymond and barry sullivan in a publicity photo for “grounds for marriage . ”
grounds for marriage ( 1951 ) directed by robert z . leonard • reviews , film + cast • letterboxd
we’d love your help . let us know what’s wrong with this preview of grounds for marriage by daphne clair .
with the headline : the screen in review ; grounds for marriage , ' metro film with kathryn grayson and van johnson , arrives .
we don ' t have enough data to suggest any movies based on grounds for marriage . you can help by rating movies you ' ve seen .
in grounds for marriage kathryn grayson finally gets an opportunity to show how well she can handle the lead role in a romantic comedy . although the story . . .
reasonable grounds exists for believing that a has joined in a conspiracy to wage war against the 1 government of india .
back to the question at hand though , failure to consummate is not a grounds for annulment in georgia , but there are six other reasons that a couple may seek an annulment according to the state law . these grounds include :
the emotional fallout stretches all the way to sydney in playwright androula kavallaris ' s grounds for marriage , casting a shadow over the life of penelope ( zoe carides ) and her upmarket bridal boutique .
what , then , was the better way to sell gay marriage ? the first step was to stop calling it gay marriage or
same - sex marriage ,
which put it in its own category . in the same way clever republican pollsters once rebranded the estate tax the
death tax ,
gay - marriage proponents started talking , simply , about marriage . ( this has produced some confusing situations , as both sides of the gay - marriage debate now call themselves
pro - marriage .
in maine , for example , the group in favor of gay marriage on this year ' s ballot was called mainers united for marriage , while the anti - gay - marriage group was protect marriage maine . ) to liberal audiences , the new preferred term is
marriage equality
; to conservatives , it ' s
freedom to marry .
whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant , the grounds on which such opinion is based are also relevant .
they later celebrated at a lavish reception inside a £100 , 000 glass marquee in the grounds of the middleton family home .
in minnesota , 20 percent of mitt romney ' s supporters voted against the gay - marriage ban ; in maryland , 25 percent of republicans voted to legalize gay marriage .
a beautiful gazebo on the front lawn in front of the mansion makes a perfect intimate setting for weddings . this area is shaded by the many historic trees found on the mansion grounds .
application for naturalisation as a british overseas territories citizen ( section 18 ( 2 ) ( on grounds of marriage ) applicants must be aged 18 or over . the process of naturalisation is governed by the british nationality act , 1981 . please note that naturalisation is a discretionary process .
no such question as is referred to in section 148 ought to be asked , unless the person asking it has reasonable grounds for thinking that the imputation which it conveys is well - founded .
( m ) a sues b for negligence in providing him with a carriage for hire not reasonably fit for use , whereby a was injured .
( n ) a sues b for negligence in providing him with a carriage for hire not reasonably fit for use , whereby a was injured .
for weddings at asilomar state beach and conference grounds , call toll - free at ( 888 ) 635 - 5310 or via their website at urltoken click on the tab
meet
then
weddings .
a disturbance called
functional aphonia ,
or temporary loss of voice , is allowed to afflict kathryn grayson through the better part of her time in m - g - m ' s
grounds for marriage ,
which came to the capitol yesterday . and this means , view full article in timesmachine »
receptions can be held on the grounds and in the visitor center theater . costs vary according length of wedding , facilities used , and staffing needs . the facilities are also perfect for engagement parties or renewal ceremonies .
when obama came out for gay marriage , wolfson could take credit for more than just the words the president used . he also helped put the issue on obama ' s agenda in the first place .
an opera singer and her ex - husband find that their romance refuses to die with their marriage .
and the document shall be admissible for the same purpose for which it would be admissible in england or ireland .
i have waited 17 years to ask this body to consider marriage equality for gay and lesbian families ,
murray said .
i realize the issue of marriage for our families is emotional and divisive . it touches what each of us holds most dear - - our families . for michael and i , there is nothing more important , as i know there is nothing more important for everyone here today , than our families .
today , america stands on the brink of a gay - marriage tipping point . the supreme court ' s announcement friday that it would hear two cases related to gay marriage , including an appeal on california ' s proposition 8 , raised the possibility that by next summer legal gay marriage could be the law of the land .
understand the church ' s response to the battles of our time as culture often stands in opposition to god ' s design for life , love , marriage , & family .
what changes the gay - marriage campaigners did detect in their opponents ' strategy were minor . rather than aim primarily at middle - class parents , schubert ' s anti - gay - marriage commercials seemed to be placing more emphasis on blue - collar white men , tapping into their economic anxieties by playing up ( largely bogus ) stories about gay marriage ' s supposed economic consequences . in several states , for instance , his ads featured an innkeeper in vermont who was sued after refusing to host a lesbian wedding . ( gay - marriage advocates said the lawsuit stemmed from the state ' s anti - discrimination law and had nothing to do with the legal status of marriage . ) the same - sex marriage proponents responded by including more blue - collar messengers in their ads .
instead , the group is focused on the upcoming supreme court cases on the defense of marriage act and proposition 8 . it is lobbying congress to repeal the defense of marriage act , and considering legislative campaigns in delaware , hawaii , illinois , new jersey , rhode island - - and , now that voters there have declined to ban gay marriage , minnesota .
while guests partied in the £100 , 000 glass marquee in the grounds of the middleton family home , photos of pippa and james were beamed onto the back wall of the £6 million mansion nearby .
canvassers used scripts developed by behavioral scientists to draw out wavering voters on the meaning of marriage and faith in their lives .
on november 6 , four states - - maine , washington , maryland , and minnesota - - took the side of gay marriage in ballot referenda . the improbable sweep for an issue that spent decades as an across - the - board political loser has already changed the landscape for gay rights in america - - and could provide a new framework for other causes : the leaders of other social movements , such as the campaign for gun control , are already studying the methods behind the gay - marriage campaigners ' victory .
in survey after survey , researchers would ask people what marriage meant to them - - not gay marriage , but the concept of marriage itself . and the answers were always the same : marriage meant love and commitment . even people who ' d been divorced three times would say the same thing . then the researchers would ask ,
why do you think gay people want to get married ?
and the answers would change : they want rights and benefits . they ' re trying to make a political point . they don ' t understand what marriage is really about . most commonly , respondents said they simply didn ' t know .
in maine , canvassers learned to begin each of these conversations with two precisely scripted , research - based questions . they first asked voters how they felt about marriage for same - sex couples . what came next was a question the campaigners called the
marriage three way .
with voters who said they were supportive of same - sex marriage , the canvasser drilled down , asking if they supported marriage or merely some other form of recognition , such as civil unions , for same - sex couples . it might have seemed superfluous to press voters who ' d already said they were supporters , but the research had shown that some people who claimed to be in favor of same - sex marriage still preferred civil unions .
these voters ,
an internal training document for canvassers explained ,
are susceptible to the opposition ' s messages .
mediterranean geopolitics aside , there ' s a lot more light than shade in grounds for marriage . kavallaris offsets the tragic aspect of penelope ' s story with romantic subplots and a supporting cast of quirky sit - com types : flamingly camp assistant harry ( michael kotsohilis ) , daffy receptionist may ( monica sayers ) , a bitchy bridezilla on the rampage ( natalie alexopoulos ) and two greek matchmakers ( tula tzoras and nicholas kokinidis ) who have fallen for each other late in life .
the campaign for gay marriage faced its own unique challenge in maryland : race . in campaigns past , reliably democratic african - american voters had often broken with their liberal brethren when it came to same - sex marriage , a discrepancy usually attributed to the influence of black churches . it was also part of a deliberate strategy by gay - marriage opponents . in an internal memo unearthed in march as part of a court case , the national organization for marriage outlined a strategy
to drive a wedge between gays and blacks .
this fissure was particularly ugly in california , where , in the aftermath of the prop 8 vote , many gay activists and white liberals blamed african - american voters for their side ' s defeat .
subs . by act 3 of 1951 , sec . 3 and sch . , for “in and for that part b state or country” .
grow and strengthen your relationships in your marriage , family , at work , with customers , anyone , by learning and practicing these skills .
with the wedding guests making their way home - no doubt nursing several sore heads - it looks like workmen have started to take apart the £100 , 000 marquee that housed the reception in the grounds of the middleton family home .
as the campaigns entered their final stretch in late october , the marriage campaigners waited for new opposition tactics they ' d have to scramble to respond to - - and waited , and waited . but almost everything went almost exactly according to the same playbook that schubert , who had been retained by the national organization for marriage to manage all four state ballot campaigns , had laid out back in 2009 .
we kept waiting for them to zag , and they just kept zigging ,
silk said .
( f ) a is tried for the murder of b . the fact that b prosecuted a for libel and that a was convicted and sentenced is relevant under section 8 as showing the motive for the fact in issue .
after law school , wolfson worked first as a prosecutor in the brooklyn district attorney ' s office , then for the independent counsel investigating the iran - contra affair . meanwhile , on legal pads late into the night , he wrote pro bono briefs for the lambda legal fund , which litigates on behalf of gay rights . he worked on discrimination cases involving aids patients and helped sue the boy scouts on behalf of gay youths . eventually , he went to work for lambda full time . all the while , he kept thinking about , and arguing for , marriage . wolfson was co - counsel on the hawaii supreme court case that , in 1993 , became the first - ever victory for same - sex marriage in an american court . but the ruling merely spurred voters and the state legislature to quickly find new ways to outlaw gay marriage in hawaii - - the first of the voter - approved anti - gay - marriage state constitutional amendments .
in each of the four states where gay marriage was on the ballot , constructing broad coalitions and showcasing them would be crucial . the idea was to show voters that supporters of gay marriage could be churchgoers , or minorities , or even republicans . in the washington state campaign , for example , republican state legislators starred in some ads that emphasized a libertarian message .
no . not in georgia anyway . as georgia divorce attorneys we have often found that it is a common misnomer that failure to consummate a marriage is grounds for an annulment . although this may be true in some states , just as laws concerning other areas of the law vary from state to state , divorce and other domestic relations laws often vary from state to state too . in fact , it is very common for divorce laws to vary widely between states . this is why it is imperative for those considering divorce in georgia to consult an attorney who is familiar with the specific requirements and distinctions in georgia divorce law .
this book is great for newly weds and those who have made the marriage trek for many years . you can open up your heart to the opness of thier hearts as they share their hard earned wisdom and grace . breath fresh life into your tired marrage , it can become great . michele from butte
( i ) a applies to b for a debt due to a by sending a receipt for the money . b keeps the receipt and does not send the money . in a suit for the amount , a may prove this .
when wolfson founded freedom to marry in 2003 , gay marriage was not yet legal in any u . s . jurisdiction . for years , it was a small - budget nonprofit that chiefly served as a platform for his own speeches and advocacy . but after the electoral defeats in california in 2008 and maine in 2009 , he realized the group needed to be something more . part of the reason gay marriage kept losing , he saw , was that it was constantly on the defensive . gay - marriage opponents , often backed by the republican party and catholic and evangelical churches , would methodically mobilize activists , collect signatures , and put gay - marriage bans on the ballot ; state - level activists who supported gay marriage would then have a few months to assemble an ad - hoc defense , scrambling to raise money and come up with a message in an effort that was inevitably too little , too late . the gay - rights movement had a variety of national groups devoted to causes like workplace rights and gays in the military , but there wasn ' t a single , national organization campaigning only for same - sex marriage .
a short , round , bald , slightly nebbishy presence , wolfson , ironically enough , resembles more than anything a new york divorce attorney . ironically , because marriage has been the consuming obsession of wolfson ' s life and career . nearly three decades ago , for his final paper at harvard law school in 1983 , wolfson wrote about same - sex marriage , a topic his professors regarded as exotic to the point of eccentricity . ( the idea of marriage for gays and lesbians wasn ' t totally new - - three gay - marriage lawsuits had been filed in american courts by 1971 , two years after the stonewall riots - - but they ' d been essentially laughed out of court , and few in legal circles saw reason to revisit the issue . )
a may prove these facts for the reasons stated in the last proceeding illustration .
the existence of the judgment is relevant , as showing motive for a crime .
subs . by the a . o . 1950 , for “the british crown” .
subs . by the a . o . 1950 , for “in any province” .
subs . by the a . o . 1950 , for “a british consul” .
subs . by the a . o . 1937 , for “government of india” .
subs . by act 3 of 1891 , sec 8 , for “resident in” .
subs . by act 18 of 1872 , sec . 9 , for “when” .
subs . by act 18 of 1872 , sec . 9 , for “on” .
subs . by act 18 of 1872 , sec . 10 , for “criminal” .
subs . by act 18 of 1872 , sec . 11 , for “had” .
video conferencing in indian courts ? | stand up for a cause . . .
for now , we’ll just have to use our imaginations about what that was .
two pastors , a catholic archbishop , and a nun said the bill offended them on moral grounds , but a rabbi , a unitarian minister and a lutheran bishop spoke for the other side , in favor of the measure . another man accused the bill ' s backers of
promoting homosexuality ,
destroying families , and spreading aids .
a german noblewoman enters into a loveless marriage with the dim - witted , unstable heir to the russian throne , then plots to oust him from power .
but prior to november , gay marriage had been placed on 31 state ballots - - and voted down 31 times . even in blue states like california ( 2008 ) and maine ( 2009 ) , defeat was universal . to opponents of gay marriage , that perfect record had become a powerful talking point - - proof that american voters stood firmly against any redefinition of the fundamental societal institution .
the people of this country have not changed their view that marriage is the union of a man and a woman ,
brian brown , president of the national organization for marriage , told me in august .
the only poll that counts is the vote , and we ' ve never lost the vote .
the opposition also seemed to be trying very hard to provoke confrontation . anti - gay - marriage demonstrators with large signs went to the gayest neighborhoods in seattle , apparently trying to draw some kind of response . on october 14 , a gay - marriage supporter tore a sign off a woman ' s car , yelled at her , and shoved a bystander . the man was arrested ; the gay - marriage campaign strongly condemned the attack ; the opponents sought to play it up as proof they were being persecuted . as a tactic , the move seemed to the gay - marriage advocates to signal desperation and a lack of financial resources .
guests attend a wedding reception at the general headquarters officers’ club , tokyo , after the marriage of raaf squadron leader d a s morgan and his bride , the former anne francoise de la chevalerie . lieutenant general ( lt gen ) h c h robertson , commander in chief of bcof ( third from left ) , who acted as the groom’s father in receiving guests , speaks to unidentified guests in the grounds of the club .
subs . by act 3 of 1891 , sec . 6 , for section 54 .
subs . by the a . o . 1950 , for para ( 1 ) .
subs . by the a . o . 1948 , for “courts of british india” .
subs . by the a . o . 1937 , for “by order of government” .
subs . by a . o . 1950 , for “any country not forming part” .
subs . by act 3 of 1887 , sec . 1 , for section 125 .
acting as maid of honour for kate’s royal wedding to prince william back in april 2011 – she made a name for herself as one of the country’s most stylish socialites .
please call the bidwell mansion at ( 530 ) 895 - 6144 for more information .
sonoma state historic park near downtown sonoma can accommodate 200 guests ( standing ) in the mission chapel . the adjacent mission courtyard provides space for 300 for a reception . the barracks courtyard is similar venue available for outdoor functions . the vallejo home and gardens a half mile west of the mission provides a lovely garden location for up to 200 guests .
schubert and his allies were outspent several times over - - in the final tally across all four states , the pro - gay - marriage campaigns spent nearly $ 42 million versus about $ 11 million on schubert ' s side . to schubert , the lopsided finances showed that his losses had more to do with money than public sentiment . but to gay - marriage backers , they were proof of the draining enthusiasm for banning gay marriage .
they are running out of money to fight this ,
said margaret hoover , a republican pundit , great - granddaughter of herbert hoover , and vocal gay - marriage advocate . ( one of her proudest moments in public life was when , a few years ago , the national organization for marriage sent a fundraising letter to its supporters headlined ,
stop the margaret hoover republicans !
)
they are running out of support ,
she said .
on the financial and grassroots side , there isn ' t the support to fight this anymore .
the central message of schubert ' s prop 8 campaign would be that there were consequences to legalizing gay marriage .
we reconfirmed in our early focus groups our own views that californians had a tolerant opinion of gays . but there were limits to the degree of tolerance that californians would afford the gay community . they would entertain allowing gay marriage , but not if doing so had significant implications for the rest of society .
jane abbott lighty and pete - e petersen embrace after receiving the first same - sex marriage license in washington state on december 6 . ( getty images / the atlantic )
the office of the deputy governor assists the governor and is responsible for the civil service .
( o ) a is tried for the murder of b by intentionally shooting him dead .
subs . by act 3 of 1891 , sec . 1 , for the original explanation .
( b ) a the captain of a ship , is tried for casting her away .
subs . by the a . o . 1948 , for “any government in british india .
subs . by the a . o . 1950 , for “clause ( 40 ) ” .
subs . by act 18 of 1872 , sec . 8 , “for want of failure” .
( a ) a sues b for the price of goods sold and delivered to b .
pretty ! this has been a really wonderful article . thank you for providing this info .
to wolfson , the fight for marriage was about making gays full participants in american life and fully human in the eyes of their fellow citizens .
this was something that would transform non - gay people ' s understanding of who gay people are ,
he told me .
it would help people understand gay people as fully rounded human beings , with the hopes and dreams and human aspirations we all have .
other gay - rights struggles were mainly about convincing people to overlook sexual orientation , in employment or medical care or military service . marriage is about what makes gay people who they are : their relationships with others of the same sex . in ratifying marriage for gays and lesbians , society would be ratifying the core of their identity - - their love for one another .
( 5 ) or relates to existence of relationship – when the statement relates to the existence of any relationship 1 by blood , marriage or adoption between persons as to whose relationship 1 by blood , marriage or adoption the person making the statement had special means of knowledge , and when the statement was made before the question in dispute was raised .
provided that the opinion of experts expressed in any treatise commonly offered for sale , and the grounds on which such opinions are held , may be proved by the production of such treatise if the author is dead or cannot be found or has become incapable of giving evidence or cannot be called as a witness without an amount of delay or expense which the court regards as unreasonable .
i worked on the marriage campaign in oregon in 2004 , and we had ads with a judge in a law library , talking about rights , saying it was wrong to deny people these rights ,
zepatos said .
that was considered one of the most effective campaigns [ for gay marriage ] in the country .
yet it failed , like all the others , and in a sudden , breathtaking epiphany , zepatos saw why . the advocates of gay marriage had successfully convinced people that gay marriage was something different from regular marriage . it was presented to the public as a technicality - - a matter of hospital visitations and burial plots . such technicalities were important to activists , especially in the wake of the aids crisis , when they ' d had real and devastating consequences . but it was no wonder fair - minded , tolerant straight people couldn ' t see that gay people wanted to get married because they loved and wanted to commit to one another .
for weddings in the san diego area , please contact the special events coordinator at ( 619 ) 688 - 3385 or visit the san diego coast district special events page for more information .
freedom to marry began field - testing a new type of campaign in oregon in 2010 . mailers and television ads for the effort , dubbed
marriage matters
and undertaken in partnership with a local organization , showed gay couples and straight couples side by side , talking about how long they ' d been together and the meaning of marriage to their everyday lives . (
we ' ve been together for 31 years . . . . we share the laundry , cooking , vacations and the happiness we wish for our children and grandchildren ,
a beaming lesbian couple said in one mail piece . ) the campaign urged people to talk to each other about the meaning of marriage in their own lives and the principle of the golden rule , as in this mailer featuring a dialogue between
kate
and
darrick .
some funny moments but not enough . . . a poor vehicle for kathryn grayson . . .
by signing up for an account on tmdb , you can post directly to twitter and facebook .
subs . by act 3 of 1891 , sec . 1 , for illustration ( b ) .
( c ) a prosecuted b for stealing a cow , from him , b is convicted .
no particular number of witness shall in any case be required for the proof of any fact .
when pippa middleton was maid of honour for her sister kate’s royal wedding to prince william back in april 2011 – she made a name for herself as one of the country’s most stylish socialites .
pippa and james’ wedding reportedly could have cost more than £1million - if it wasn’t for discounts .
in maryland , blacks made up 28 percent of the electorate , the fourth - largest proportion of any state and the highest outside the deep south . but obama ' s repositioning on gay marriage , which was soon followed by a full - throated endorsement from the naacp , sparked a dramatic shift of opinion in the black community . polls showed support for same - sex marriage among black voters moving as much as 10 points virtually overnight , from the low - to mid - 30s to the mid - 40s . the same - sex marriage campaigners moved quickly to capitalize on this change with an aggressive effort of african - american outreach , especially in churches .
for more information , contact special event coordinator at ( 530 ) 622 - 3069 . for information on the following wine country wedding sites call silverado special events at ( 707 ) 939 - 6188 .
an expert may give an account of experiments performed by him for the purpose of forming his opinion .
subs . by act 3 of 1951 , sec . 3 and sch . , for “the states” .
all the computers used for that purpose during that period shall be treated for the purposes of this section as constituting a single computer ; and references in this section to a computer shall be construed accordingly .
subs . by the a . o . 1937 , for “the executive government of british india” . .
oral evidence is offered that no payment was made for the other indigo . the evidence is admissible .
subs . by act 18 of 1872 , sec . 7 , for “under the indian succession act” .
provided the court be satisfied that there is sufficient reason for the non - production of the original .
she is said to have changed into an elegant , white floor - length gown for the reception .
in september 2011 , richard carlbom , the campaign manager for minnesotans united for all families , the group opposing the gay - marriage ban , invited faith leaders from across the state to an informational session at a methodist church on hennepin avenue in minneapolis , optimistically hoping perhaps 200 would show . to his amazement , a crowd of more than 700 filled every seat and spilled out of the room .
in the days before the election , prop 8 ' s opponents tried to change the subject to civil rights . democratic senator dianne feinstein narrated an ad calling on voters to oppose discrimination and protect gay marriage . in another , samuel l . jackson compared outlawing gay marriage to the internment of japanese americans in world war ii .
we decided to not respond to this line of attack , confident that it would backfire ,
schubert wrote in his article .
the basic message that supporters of traditional marriage are bigots , guilty of discrimination , had never worked in focus groups . for liberal whites like feinstein to lecture black californians about discrimination was not a winning message .
the washington fight was the second ballot measure to come on the map for 2012 . minnesota ' s legislature , newly stocked with conservative lawmakers after the 2010 wave of republican wins , had already moved to put an amendment to ban gay marriage on the ballot . then , just as washington was gearing up to pass its bill , gay activists in maine submitted signatures seeking their own ballot initiative - - the first time proponents , rather than opponents , of gay marriage would be the ones to put the issue to a vote . maine ' s legislature had passed a same - sex marriage law in 2009 , only to have voters overturn it that november . the proponents wanted to try again .
we have not verified that the email belongs to you . please check your inbox for the verification email .
108 . burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years . –
subs . by act 10 of 1927 , sec . 25 and sch . i , for “or navy” .
thank you , i have just been looking for info approximately this subject for ages and yours is the best i’ve found out till now . however , what concerning the conclusion ? are you positive concerning the supply ?
if the court is of opinion that any such question asked was without reasonable grounds , it may , if it was asked by any barrister , pleader , vakil or attorney report the circumstances of the case to the high court or other authority to which barrister , pleader , vakil or attorney is subject in the exercise of his profession .
304b . dowry death . — ( 1 ) where the death of a woman is caused by any burn or bodily injury or occurs otherwise than normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage and it is shown that soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband for , or in connection with any demand for dowry , such death shall be called “dowry death” .
on the surface , the situation in the fourth state , maryland , mirrored what happened in washington : the democratic legislature and governor passed a bill legalizing gay marriage , which opponents then sought to overturn with a ballot initiative . but behind the scenes , there were complications that made officials at freedom to marry leery of engaging in a campaign there . the state ' s main gay - rights group , equality maryland , had nearly been forced to close in 2011 amid accusations of financial mismanagement on the part of the executive director . early polling put public support for same - sex marriage in only the mid - 40s , versus majority support in washington and maine . governor martin o ' malley was strongly behind a gay - marriage bill in the legislature , but there seemed to be no plan for the referendum that would almost certainly follow .
those who ' d said they were opposed were asked a slightly different follow - up - - did they support some other form of recognition , such as civil unions , or no recognition at all for same - sex couples ? those who chose the first option , canvassers would attempt to persuade , because
people who generally oppose marriage but support civil unions are very persuadable to support marriage with the right kind of conversation .
the latter were considered not persuadable , and the canvassers would thank them and move on .
but i’m glad i took the plunge . this is a fresh approach to the hp teenage pregnancy trope . in hps teenage pregnancies usually end up as secret pregnancies . and a forced marriage and blah blah .
the fact that any person was born during the continuance of a valid marriage between his mother and any man , or within two hundred and eighty days after its dissolution , the mother remaining unmarried , shall be conclusive proof that he is the legitimate son of that man , unless it can be shown that the parties to the marriage had no access to each other at any time when he could have been begotten .
minnesota , on the other hand , was the heartland , a midwestern state famous for its buttoned - up , polite ,
minnesota nice
culture . an extrovert in minnesota , the joke runs , is a lutheran who looks at someone else ' s shoes . outside of the twin cities , gay marriage wasn ' t something people talked about ; many older people were reluctant even to say the word
gay .
in order to convince these prospective voters , gay - marriage campaigners would have to engage them in long , difficult conversations about politics , sex , and religion . and even if they won , gay marriage would still be illegal in minnesota - - it just wouldn ' t be banned by the state constitution .
a whole host of rumoured security measures were implemented to keep the special day totally private including an alleged no - fly zone over the area between friday and sunday , dated wristbands being issued to locals allowed inside the church grounds , guests having to send passport photos in advance , and being issued with special passwords to gain entry to the reception .
subs . by act 3 of 1951 , sec . 3 and sch . , for “except part b states” .
subs . by act 21 of 2000 , sec . 92 and sch . ii , for certain words “all documents produced for the inspection of the court” ( w . e . f . 17 - 10 - 2000 ) .
any fact is relevant which shows or constitutes a motive or preparation for any fact in issue or relevant fact .
( c ) a sues b for damage done by a god of b’s which b knew to be ferocious .
subs . by act 3 of 1951 , sec . 3 and sch . , for “that state or country” .
but now he’s faced backlash on twitter for “going against family wishes at the wedding” with his social media posts .
engagement rumours have been swirling for ages and meghan’s appearance at pippa’s wedding reception has only fuelled the speculation further .
the research found that the most effective message was
committed , long - term gay couples doing the same things that married couples do ,
in the words of a november 2011 freedom to marry research memo - -
mowing the lawn , helping an elderly neighbor , and talking about their hopes and dreams .
gay people needed to talk about marriage more : many assumed their friends , colleagues , and relatives accepted them as deserving of marriage the same way they accepted them as people , when in fact , the same friends often figured that since their gay friends never talked about marriage , it must not be important to them .
for gay - marriage proponents , the defeat was a stunning one . they ' d had as much money as their opponents and the most favorable conditions imaginable , yet they ' d lost decisively . recriminations flew ; some despaired ; others wanted to start campaigning again right away and put the issue back on the ballot in 2010 .
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( b ) a sues b upon a bond for payment of money . b denies the making of the bond .
( a ) a is accused of burning down his house in order to obtain money for which it is insured .
it is not open for court to compare a handwriting and / or a signature of its own , services of experts are liable to be taken for this purpose ; shyam sundar chowkhani v . kajalkanti biswas , air 1999 gau 101 .
subs . by the a . o . 1937 , for “public act of the governor general of india in council” .
subs . by act 3 of 1951 , sec . 3 and sch . , for “in a part b state” .
( b ) a witness is asked whether he was not dismissed from a situation for dishonesty . he denies it .
using funding cobbled together from a variety of foundations and advocacy groups , simon conducted 25 focus groups and a detailed , 2 , 000 - interview survey across california in 2009 , trying to pin down the underlying emotional dynamics that were driving the voters who were
in the middle
on gay marriage . a wide swath , as much as 40 percent of the electorate , was neither absolutely in favor nor absolutely opposed to legalizing same - sex marriage .
privately , some wondered if the bill wasn ' t primarily a vanity project for o ' malley to impress national democrats in advance of a potential presidential run , especially since another democratic governor with national aspirations , andrew cuomo of new york , had been widely hailed for getting gay marriage passed in his state in 2011 .
there seemed to be a certain amount of dick - wagging between the governors of new york and maryland ,
as one official put it .
above all , schubert rejected the idea that a tide had turned in america .
i ' m disappointed at the outcome , but not defeated . i don ' t think the cause is defeated . we ' ll rally and continue to fight ,
he said .
we believe we ' re fighting for a true and just cause - - that marriage is the union of a man and a woman for good reason and that that does serve society .
history will not be kind to you ,
warned a california - based author and activist named jennifer roback morse , clad in a bright yellow sweater and large bifocals .
i am here today to hold you to account for the predictable harms you ' ve already caused and will continue to cause with your efforts to redefine marriage . . . . when we come to our senses 30 years from now and realize that we have perpetuated a grotesque injustice , not a single child born motherless or fatherless within a same - sex marriage will get his missing parent back .
afterwards , c is prosecuted for bigamy in marrying b during a’s lifetime . cc says that she never was a’s wife .
subs . by act 3 of 1951 , sec . 3 and sch . , for “such part b state or country” .
for the adamson house in malibu - call ( 310 ) 457 - 8144 or email : denise . rogers @ urltoken .
for malibu creek and tapia sp - call ( 310 ) 457 - 8144 or email : denise . rogers @ urltoken .
together , chuck and barb snyder teach marriage enrichment seminars to couples nationwide . they serve on the assoicate staff of pro athletes outreach and have taught couples ' bible studies for members of the seattle seahawks and washington huskies football teams , and the seattle mariners baseball team . - - this text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title .
for all the confidence expressed in the memo , nervousness reigned behind the scenes . solomon , a canny operative who hates to lose , is also a chronic worrier ; the years he spent defending gay marriage politically in massachusetts , a long fight that pitted him against an ambitious governor named mitt romney , were so stressful they left him with permanent nerve damage .
daily mail estimates £100 , 000 for the marquee , £40 , 000 for the giles deacon wedding gown , £40 , 000 on russian caviar , £15 , 000 on the cake , and £2 , 000 bridal shoes helped contribute to the overall total .
on may 9 , president obama sat for an interview in the white house with the abc news anchor robin roberts . both of them knew what she ' d been summoned there to discuss , and roberts didn ' t waste any time .
so , mr . president ,
she said ,
are you still opposed to same - sex marriage ?
terms . the contract mentioned the fact that b had paid a the price of other in contracted for verbally on another occasion .
for san francisco bay area state beaches : looking for a beautifully natural backdrop for your wedding or special event filled with dynamic cliffs , pristine white sand beaches , picturesque lighthouses and tumbling waves near the san francisco bay area ? look to the san mateo coast region ! parks such as año nuevo , pigeon point lighthouse , montara and half moon bay state parks are among our most popular wedding destinations for large and small weddings at a fraction of the cost of private venues . for more information including a list of all the parks that are available on your intended day please contact : smpermits @ urltoken or call ( 650 ) 726 - 8815 .
on january 23 , 2012 , hundreds of activists for and against gay marriage descended on the washington state capitol in olympia , a domed edifice with a pale limestone facade . they gathered in a wood - paneled hearing room of the state senate , where senator craig pridemore , a democrat from vancouver , presided over a 10 a . m . hearing on senate bill 6239 .
fielding an army of paid canvassers to do this kind of work in time for it to matter would be expensive . the gay - marriage advocates ' intensive , bipartisan fundraising effort netted $ 250 , 000 from new york mayor michael bloomberg , $ 500 , 000 from the bill and melinda gates foundation , a surprise windfall of $ 2 . 5 million from the seattle - based amazon ceo , jeff bezos , and more than $ 1 million from paul singer , the conservative hedge - fund billionaire who was also one of mitt romney ' s top bundlers in the 2012 presidential election . tim gill , a denver - based technology magnate who runs the nation ' s largest network of gay donors , gave and helped steer millions in donations to the marriage effort . meanwhile , after suffering a wave of negative publicity for their involvement in funding prop 8 , mormons appeared to steer clear of this year ' s gay - marriage fights , depriving the opposition of a previously rich source of funds .
mendocino headland state park offers vistas of the rugged northern coastline and majestic pacific ocean . there are a number of spectacular and picturesque sites for weddings and other special events along the panoramic mendocino coastline , the department ' s mendocino sector office can help find the ideal location for your special occasion . for more information call or email sarah bradley ( phone : 707 - 937 - 9172 ) .
but now the president had changed his mind .
i ' ve just concluded that , for me personally , it is important for me to go ahead and affirm that i think same - sex couples should be able to get married ,
he said .
the canvassers were amazed at how little it sometimes took to get people to open up in these chats . in one real , videotaped interaction , a maine voter initially seems standoffish , telling the worker on her doorstep that her religion forbids gay marriage . but she ' s soon talking at length about her lesbian niece and gay coworkers , and by the end of the conversation she says she ' s more
open - minded
now than when she voted against same - sex marriage in 2009 .
biden ' s accidental statement may have spurred the president to action , but a pressure campaign on obama had been quietly gaining steam for months . earlier in the year , wolfson ' s group had led the charge to get gay marriage included in the platform to be presented at the democratic party ' s convention , a move that was controversial on the left but quickly gained momentum .
( a ) a is tried for the murder of b by beating him with a club with the intention of causing his death .
( d ) a has obtained a decree for the possession of land against a , c , b’s son murders a in consequence .
( a ) a desires a court to give judgment that b shall be punished for a crime which a says b has committed .
pippa middleton and james matthews’ wedding reportedly could have cost more a huge £1million - if it wasn’t for a number of hefty discounts .
travel along old brick pathways to a location cradled among victorian era structures and become immersed in a small - town early california setting . tucked behind the historic fischer - hanlon home is the benicia capitol state historic park ' s intimate special event site . this venue in solano county may accommodate 40 guests . the gardens & grounds at the empire mine state historical park are available by reservation for weddings from april 15th through october 15th annually on friday , saturday and sundays only . other dates and days are considered on an exception basis . reservations can be made a year in advance for the next wedding season . additional information can be found at the empire mine association website . sutter ' s fort state historic park , located on
l
street between 26th - 28th streets in mid - town sacramento is a wedding and reception location for a couple looking for historic setting reflecting early california . the fort is sacramento ' s earliest european settlement and was the home to many emigrants and pioneers in the 1840’s . this rustic setting can accommodate 300 seated for outdoor weddings within the courtyard . for more information about options and costs or to book a wedding or reception contact the facility rental coordinator at ( 916 ) 323 - 7626 .
a confession made by an accused person is irrelevant in a criminal proceeding , if the making of the confession appears to the court to have been caused by any inducement , threat or promise , 1 having reference to the charge against the accused person , proceeding from a person in authority and sufficient , in the opinion of the court , to give the accused person grounds , which would appear to him reasonable , for supposing that by making it he would gain any advantage or avoid any evil of a temporal nature in reference to the proceeding against him .
with gay - rights activists eager to brand prop 8 proponents as bigots , schubert felt it was important to demonstrate they were not against gay individuals or relationships per se .
passing proposition 8 would depend on our ability to convince voters that same - sex marriage had broader implications for californians and was not only about the two individuals involved in a committed gay relationship ,
he wrote .


testimony is a 1920 british silent drama film directed by guy newall and starring ivy duke , david hawthorne and mary rorke .

it was based on the novel of the same title by alice and claude askew .

testimony ( 1920 film )

the 1920
talk - o - photo
recording made by mary miles minter in 1920 can be heard here .
there is little doubt the film was heavily censored before it was screened in may 1920 .
, silent film by oscar micheaux , 1920 . screen capture courtesy of internet moving image archive .
taylorology # 82 contained some extracts of published testimony from the 1923 hearings held by the federal trade commission in their investigation of famous players - lasky . the original newspaper pages containing that testimony are now online .
- emmett j . scott , negro migration during the war , 1920 , ch . 3 - 4
another photo of minter and taylor can be seen in the january 3 , 1920 issue of moving picture world .
the september 1920 issue of film truth has a gossip article about minter and shelby which includes the sentence :
a well known director was also forbidden to speak to mary .
the january 17 , 1920 issue of motion picture news has a banquet photo in which charlotte shelby and william desmond taylor are both visible .
catholic archbishop of melbourne , daniel mannix , and victoria cross winners in 1920 . this scene is part of the restored film ireland will be free . photograph : mdhc catholic archdiocese of melbourne
if you ' re interested in the chronological history of film by decade - visit the section on film history or the multi - part section on milestones in film history .
laws , page .
not everybody ' s protest film , either : native son among controversial film adaptations .
at chapman university , a 2010 master ' s degree thesis by jennifer l . wilson was titled
the director desired : william desmond taylor and 1920 ' s star discourse .
it is saturday 20 march 1920 . this special st patrick’s day parade ( three days after the calendar marks the actual commemoration for ireland’s patron saint ) is being made into a silent film by bert cross , a cinematographer who’ll find fame in 1927 for adapting to film marcus clarke’s novel for the term of his natural life .
by 1920 , when ireland will be free was filmed , mannix was viewed as something of an enemy of britain for his republican activism . in late 1920 , while en route from america to ireland , a british man o’ war intercepted his ship . mannix was arrested and taken to england where he was freed providing he did not speak to irish gatherings in liverpool , manchester or glasgow .
the may 1914 issue of motion picture magazine contains the film story for
the riders of petersham
, a 3 - reel film featuring taylor and margaret gibson , accompanied by 7 stills from the film .
the intertitles include an extract from mannix’s speech : “i welcome you and your gallant comrades to melbourne’s irish national celebrations of 1920 . while ireland is in bondage your fight for the small nations is unfinished . ”
film sub - genres : listed below are some of the most common and identifiable film sub - genre categories , with descriptions of each type or category .
many sources have claimed that director boris ingster ' s and rko ' s stranger on the third floor ( 1940 ) was the first full - featured film noir . the expressionistic film starred peter lorre as the sinister ' stranger ' ( cast due to his creepy performance in m ( 1931 ) ) , in a story about the nightmarish after - effects of circumstantial testimony during a murder trial . others claim orson welles ' masterpiece citizen kane ( 1941 ) was also an early and influential pre - film noir .
herzog , amy .
dissonant refrains : carmen on film .
in :
[ amateur film :
san francisco family : home no . 2
]
[ amateur film : my vacation trip . . . ( part 2 ) ]
[ amateur film : pennsylvania turnpike , pittsburgh , new york , etc . ]
[ amateur film : san francisco and los angeles 1953 , pt . i ]
during the years between 1920 - 1922 , mary miles minter ' s best friend was jeanie macpherson , the scenario writer for cecil b . demille . a short appreciation of minter by jeanie macpherson was published in the january 1922 issue of filmplay journal .
palmer , william j .
from blaxploitation to african american film .
in :
hughey , matthew w .
the white savior film and reviewers ' reception .
new york film critics circle awards - best supporting actor ( samuel l . jackson )
[ amateur film :
random shots filmed by d . t . mccluskey
]
[ amateur film : lake tahoe , van ness avenue fire , etc . 1947 ]
roush ( leslie ) productions , inc . , supervised by film counselors , inc .
the parade and the film sparked fierce media and community debate . loyalist groups protested against the march , while a planned screening of the film at melbourne town hall was cancelled .
in 1914 , the british film magazine illustrated films monthly included a story version ( with stills ) of the master of the mine , a vitagraph film in which taylor acted .
the august 21 , 1920 issue of pictures press has an article
written
by taylor , titled
pictures must interest
. included is the statement ,
you cannot get excited about a plot that deals with flabby persons in a flabby way .
the film daily ( jan - jun 1921 ) : new york , wid ' s films and film folk , inc . : free download , borrow , and streaming : internet archive
future learning and skills – giving everyone the opportunity to build a lifelong relationship with film .
taylor ' s death scene in the 1913 film
the quakeress
is online here .
prisons , race , and masculinity in twentieth - century u . s . literature and film
[ amateur film : c . a . samsel family , r2 , dequeen , arkansas ]
[ amateur film : summers collection : new orleans to san francisco , ca . 1941 ]
the scenario of the film has a few holes . since the short story the film is based on is , well , short , a considerable number of characters and scenes were added .
the bank robbery at the opening of the film is suspenseful and interesting . the original story hinted at jimmy’s methods but never got too specific . the film’s addition nicely establishes his skills .
safety last ! is one of the most iconic silent comedies and the criterion collection does it proud with a fully loaded release that includes three harold lloyd shorts : take a chance ( 1918 ) , young mr . jazz ( 1919 ) , and his royal slyness ( 1920 ) .
founded in 1999 , senses of cinema is one of the first online film journals of its kind and has set the standard for professional , high quality film - related content on the internet .
gateward , frances .
daywalkin ' night stalkin ' bloodsuckas black vampires in contemporary film .
giroux , henry a .
hollywood film as public pedagogy : education in the crossfire .
[ amateur film : city of david amusement park , benton harbor , mich . and detroit ]
[ amateur film : san francisco , los angeles and colorado , ca . 1937 - 1938 ]
important note : strictly speaking , film noir is not a genre , but rather the mood , style , point - of - view , or tone of a film . it is also helpful to realize that ' film noir ' usually refers to a distinct historical period of film history - the decade of film - making after world war ii , similar to the german expressionism or the french new wave periods . however , it was labeled as such only after the classic period - early noir film - makers didn ' t even use the film designation ( as they would the labels
western
or
musical
) , and were not conscious that their films would be labeled noirs .
note : the short story that this film is based upon is commonly assigned in english class . if this is why you are here , please note that this film does not follow the original story .
it appears that the tip off was the release title of a balboa film in which taylor acted .
storhoff , gary .
strange fruit
: lady sings the blues as a crossover film .
[ amateur film : north carolina , washington d . c . , rhode island , niagara falls ]
with the love and support of his family , the fifteen - year - old protagonist newt winger learns to cultivate values like honesty and loyalty ; from other people in the community , he learns about discrimination , violence , and racism . these youthful experiences serve as his
learning tree
and allow him , at the end of the film , to come forward as a critical witness in a murder trial , even though his testimony stirs up racial tensions in the town .
in a career that spanned almost thirty years , oscar micheaux became the most successful early black independent film producer and the first black film auteur . micheaux ' s films , however , were not technically brilliant .
there was previously some skepticism as to whether or not taylor acted in ( and possibly directed ) the 1914 balboa film
the awakening .
this clipping seemingly confirms that he at least acted in that film .
[ london ] , british film institute , 1972 . ( nrlf ( ucb ) pn1998 . a3 r5371 )
[ amateur film : medicus collection : little journey to washington , d . c . , april 1935 ]
in her research notes for the film rachel naughton , archivist and museum manager of the catholic archdiocese of melbourne’s diocesan historical commission , writes : “the film … bears the entrepreneurial imprint of john wren . john wren certainly appears in the film , welcoming the vc winners upon their arrival in melbourne and introducing them to the archbishop … however , there is no doubt that the vision the film represents is that of daniel mannix . using the analogy of a book , possibly the scenario was that mannix was the film’s author and wren may have been its publisher .
leicester , h . marshall , jr .
discourse and the film text : four readings of carmen .
[ amateur film : western u . s . , new mexico , mexico , california , colorado , utah ]
, with an electronic link to each issue . the publication centered on the unsolved 1922 murder of silent film director
the watkins express , oct . 6 , 1920 , available here , says
miss mabel normand , the famous movie star , is a guest at the glen springs hotel .
that item ( published a week after the funeral of olive thomas ) would seem to give a close approximate date to the beginning of her sanitarium stay .
stepin fetchit was the stage name of american comedian and film actor lincoln theodore monroe andrew perry ( may 30 , 1902–november 19 , 1985 ) . his typical film persona and stage name have long been synonymous with the stereotype of the servile , shiftless , simple - minded black man in early 20th century american film . there has been a more recent revisionist view that sees his film persona as ultimately subversive of the status quo . perry parlayed the fetchit persona into a successful film career , eventually becoming a millionaire , the first black actor in history to do so . [
also finally brings us one of the first aboriginal stars in chief dan george . whether the film was a
success ,
however , depends on your point of view . georgakas ( 1980 ) is tepid about the film :
alsen , eberhard .
racism and the film version of eugene o ' neill ' s the emperor jones .
cannes film festiva - best supporting actor ( samuel l . jackson ) ; prize of the ecumenical jury - special mention
[ amateur film :
trailer vacation month of july 1951 / 2775 mi . / cost 210 . 00
]
there was widespread debate in the federal and victorian state parliaments about whether the 1920 parade should proceed , most vocally from anti - irish republican voices . winning the support of the 14 vc holders ( only 10 of whom were irish catholics ) was the masterstroke that convinced the melbourne mayor , councilor aikman , to give the parade the go ahead .
tarzan of the apes ( 1918 ) , based on the novel by edgar rice burroughs , was the first silent film to bring the legendary character to the screen . a host of sequels soon followed , including son of tarzan ( 1920 ) , in which tarzan ' s son jack ( or korak , to the apes ) is kidnapped by tarzan ' s old enemy paulovich , as well as a variety of generic movies such as the jungle trail ( 1919 ) .
but cross is almost incidental to the film - ireland will be free – he is shooting this day . indeed , when you look at the film , which has been restored by the national film and sound archive before its first full screening in almost a century this friday , it is obvious the true directors are before , not behind , the camera .
4 . the bering strait theory suggests that aboriginal peoples came to north america from the northern russia / mongolia area some 15 , 000 years ago via a land bridge that existed between alaska and siberia during the last ice age . deloria ( 1995 ) develops a compelling argument for the implausibility of that theory , and pieces together his own on the basis of oral history testimony , and a
decolonized
reading of available evidence .
in 1915 had glorified the brutal southern repression of newly freed blacks after the civil war . griffith had opened his 1919 film
rosenbaum , julia b .
' a great step forward ! : the film home of the brave .
in :
smith , judith e .
' a giant step forward ' : the film home of the brave .
in :
[ amateur film : sanford collection :
by air across the u . s . a . ] ( can 10009 )
in early 1920 . directed to a black audience , the film dramatized the realities of segregation , jim crow , and race hatred that black citizens had to survive and , with great effort , transcend . accused of murdering their white landlord , a mississippi sharecropping couple is lynched and burned by a white mob . their children are able to escape , including their adopted daughter sylvia , a young woman whose attempts to raise money for a black school provide the structure for the multilayered plot ( see
amid the fierce sectarianism that engulfed australia during and just after the war , mannix – archbishop from 1917 to 1963 – made the film as a testimony to his support for an irish free state . mannix , born in county cork in 1864 , a life - long republican and later confidant to the irish taoiseach ( prime minister ) éamon de valera , supported britain’s declaration of war in late 1914 . but in 1915 , when sectarianism became a potent undercurrent of australian society amid false suggestions that irish catholics were not volunteering to fight in sufficient numbers , mannix’s opposition to war grew .
i also have a problem with how the ending was handled in the film . obviously , a spoiler warning is in place .
the argus of 22 april 1920 , observed wryly : “with the exception of one or two isolated individual cases , there was an absence of sinn fein colours or emblems , but many people were wondering when the union jack , ‘emblazoned on the leading banner’ – to quote from the letter of the secretary of the celebration committee to the lord mayor … was going to appear . ”
sadly , even this 1915 version is not in pristine condition . small snippets of scenes are missing from the film . however , 95 % of a silent movie is better than nothing . i will bear the missing footage in mind as i review the film .
this 1915 film was the first of many jimmy valentine films ( all remakes and adaptations , no sequels ) and it is the only pre - 1930 version that survives at all . the 1920 silent remake has vanished and , more importantly , the full 1928 version has also been lost with an abridged 9 . 5mm edition apparently being the only surviving material . the latter is significant because it was mgm’s first talkie ( well , the last two reels anyway ) with william haines and lionel barrymore as the male leads .
cripps , thomas .
the making of birth of a race : the emerging politics of identity in silent film .
in :
a much beloved american film classic , to kill a mockingbird was faithfully adapted from the pulitzer prize - winning novel by harper lee .
we have seen that the second period of film i identified ( 1920 - 1945 ) did its hegemonic part not only by offering justifications for a horrific past , but also in devaluing the worth of indigenous cultures and people in a manner that lay the foundation for the third period in which the desirability of assimilation was assumed . only by bringing such an understanding to the process could a
caring
ilo assume that
doing good
for indigenous people would necessarily involve providing the mechanisms through which they could leave all cultural attachments behind .
sally jackson , film curator at the film and sound archive , says : “the film is a unique perspective on that part of history – it brings in wren’s part in the war and how he wanted to be part of it but couldn’t – about how he was pro - conscription and mannix was anti . all of that is incapsulated in there , in the way mannix behaves and in john wren’s presence .
capt . edward a . salisbury , who was featured in taylorology 75 , can be seen on dvd in the film
gow the killer
. the highlight of the film is the reenacted head - hunting raid described in the article
a napoleon of the solomons
.
the film marked the impressive directorial debut of oscar - winning actor denzel washington , who also starred as the psychologist , and the film debuts of derek luke , who played the title role , and joy bryant , the model - turned - actress who appeared as cheryl . fisher himself was credited with writing the film ' s screenplay . today , he is a hollywood writer and producer and a best - selling author .
directed in britain by anthony harvey , the film was beautifully scripted and brilliantly acted . the dialogue between the two characters - the only dialogue in the film , since no other characters speak - is raw , intense , realistic . but the characters move quickly from realism to allegory .
we are still ploughing our way through online catalogues and databases for silent film . next up is the afi catalog silent film database . the american film institute catalog of feature films is a series of catalogues that document the american film . the project began in the late 1960s , with the printed volumes covering decades ( with a couple of exceptions ) , starting with 1921 - 1930 , published in 1971 . subsequently the afi issued volumes for 1961 - 1970 ( in 1976 ) , 1911 - 1920 ( 1988 ) , 1931 - 1940 ( 1993 ) , 1893 - 1910 ( 1995 ) , 1941 - 1950 ( 1997 ) and within our gates : ethnicity in american feature films , 1911 - 1960 ( 1997 ) . publication of further printed volumes has now stopped ( it was just too expensive ) , and all subsequent records ( for the 1950s and some of the 1970s , with a few star titles from the 2000s ) have been added to the online version of the catalogue .
founded by fritzi kramer , movies silently’s mission is to make silent film fun and accessible with reviews , articles , animated gifs and daily updates .
[ amateur film :
our stay in texas : on a picnic at landa park , new braunfels , tex . , april 1946
]
to the contrary ) the emphasis is still clearly on
noble .
the general view of this period is perhaps epitomized by a film entitled
film imagery regarding aboriginal peoples has changed in a parallel manner to science and policy as outlined above , with three different levels of aboriginal voice .
i’m just going to break in here and mention that there had to be more evidence against jimmy valentine than cotton’s testimony . there was that cufflink that doyle found , just for starters . plus , jimmy was clearly one of the usual suspects when it came to bank robbery . pardoning him just because he was chivalrous to rose strikes me as incredibly naive– and incredibly dangerous . i mean , jimmy was a guilty as sin ! you know that ax murder thing i mentioned before ? what if he had been doing that ?
after 1942 , gangsters largely disappeared from the screen , as nazis and monsters took the place of mobsters as hollywood’s preferred villains . this began to change after 1950 , when a senate committee set up to investigate organized crime began holding public hearings . thanks to the new medium of television , millions of americans watched the testimony of real - life mobsters like frank costello ( or more accurately , they watched costello’s shaky hands–the only part of him shown by the camera ) . in the early 1960s , joseph valachi , a soldier in the luciano “family” organization , took a starring role in later televised hearings . it was valachi who introduced the now - famous mafia euphemism “la cosa nostra” ( our thing ) , and his testimony revealed the evolution of italian - american organized crime in america , especially in new york . “the valachi papers , ” a book by peter maas , came out in 1969 , the same year as the novel that would do more than any other to establish the mythology of the mafia in popular culture : mario puzo’s “the godfather . ”
note : i will also be comparing the 1945 kurosawa film the men who tread on the tiger’s tail . click here to skip to the talkie .
alias jimmy valentine is a beautiful film but the cinematography is pretty much the main reason to watch it . contrivances stretch the plot a bit thin and the performances are not restrained enough to redeem it . it’s a solid c + effort when a little bit more care would have yielded a grade a film .
wallace , michele .
race , gender and psychoanalysis in forties film : lost boundaries , home of the brave and the quiet one .
in :
campbell , edward d . c . , jr .
' burn , mandingo , burn ' : the plantation south in film , 1958 - 1978
the film , based on mcmillan ' s own famous may / december romance that began on holiday in jamaica and culminated in marriage ( and , most recently , in an infamous , scandal - ridden divorce ) , the film was a pleasant but undemanding story that drew on all of the conventions of popular romance .
sergeant rutledge ( 1960 ) directed by john ford . cast : jeffrey hunter , woody strode , billie burke , constance towers , juano hernandez , willis bouchey . an african - american
buffalo soldier
is accused of rape and murder , but is successfully defended by a white officer during his trial in 1881 . lt . cantrell defends him as witnesses give testimony relived in flashbacks , revealing the sergeant ' s gallantry and eventually the shocking truth behind the alleged crimes . 112 min . dvd 5659 ; vhs 999 : 2700 credits and other information from the internet movie database
i must say the experience was rather wonderful for a novice film historian such as myself and owe an enormous debt to the catalog’s first editor , ken munden .
nettelbeck , colin w .
okra and quenelles : jazz and film - making ( as nourishment ) in tavernier ' s round midnight ( 1986 ) .
[ amateur film : vacation to el paso , l . a . and s . f . , 3 - 11 to 20 - 61 , part 1 ]
[ amateur film : vacation to el paso , l . a . and s . f . , 3 - 11 to 20 - 61 , part 2 ]
more importantly , however , is the growing involvement of aboriginal people in making aboriginal film , i . e . , telling their own stories . for example ,
classic film noir developed during and after world war ii , taking advantage of the post - war ambience of anxiety , pessimism , and suspicion . it was a style of black and white american films that first evolved in the 1940s , became prominent in the post - war era , and lasted in a classic
golden age
period until about 1960 ( marked by the ' last ' film of the classic film noir era , orson welles ' touch of evil ( 1958 ) ) .
the information is uneven because the original volumes are uneven . the 1921 - 1930 volume , first in the series , covers feature films only – that is , films of four reels or 4 , 000 feet in length or 40 minutes long ( to use the afi’s own definition ) . the 1893 - 1910 volume covers the pre - feature film era and includes every kind of film , fiction and non - fiction . the 1911 - 1920 volume follows the 1920s volume in concentrating on feature films , so there are no short films despite their high level of production at this time . for example , if you search under ‘charlie chaplin’ for the teens you will only get tillie’s punctured romance , carmen and the compilation films in which he appeared ( the absence of shoulder arms is a puzzle , however ) .
( incidentally , the definition of a feature film as being at least four reels or 4000 feet long was fiaf’s , ca . 1968 , not the afi’s . )
fulmer , jacqueline .
cundieff ' s revision of masculinity in film , or , a ' hard ' man is not necessarily good to find .
in :
as more titles enter our collection , and as we log more of our material , we will expand this list . we will also add film descriptions and synopses .
[ amateur film : carnegie - illinois steel corp . , homestead district works : supervisors picnic , june 11 , 1949 , lithuanian country club and at south park ]
with its universal theme , the learning tree was a film about race that paradoxically transcended race , which may account in part for its success at the box office .
one of the best subject areas for dramatic films ( or sometimes crime films ) are suspenseful , law - related courtroom trials , which pit lawyers against each other , and set up a tense one - on - one conflict between a prosecutor and a defendant . sometimes , the protagonists are a
little
guy ( an individual ) against a
big
guy ( or corporation ) , or the more abstract
good
vs .
evil ,
or they often involve wider issues , such as race , sex , capital punishment ( life and death ) , and morality . and of course , courtroom dramas usually contain some of the most fascinating thematic elements in film - - murder , betrayal , deception , perjury and sex . they often feature unexpected twists and surprise testimony , unusual motives , moral dilemmas , crusading lawyers and wrongly - accused victims . afi defined the courtroom drama as
a genre of film in which a system of justice plays a critical role in the film ' s narrative .
see this site ' s special feature highlighting the greatest courtroom dramas .
although it was first filmed in 1929 as a silent and sound picture - that is , as an otherwise silent film that included the occasional song from the broadway musical play - by universal pictures , it was the second version of the film ( released by universal in 1936 and directed by james whale ) that is considered the best .
black shadows on a silver screen . history of the motion picture made by black film makers between 1900 and 1950 , including scenes from these films . emphasizes the attempt by black film makers to provide alternatives to the lack of sensitivity and racism of hollywood films by portraying blacks realistically . 52 min . dvd x1409 ; vhs video / c 1063
collected commentary . this collection offers contemporary commentary on the racial issues in america by black and white writers in essays , editorials , speeches , memoirs , congressional testimony , novels , poetry , political cartoons , drawings , photographs , and other sources . selections can be divided among students for research and classroom discussion . how did black and white observers differ in portraying the racial divide of the period ? in predicting its future ? [ note : w . e . b . du bois , in his piece
ten phrases
satirizing white prejudices , uses a racial epithet for blacks . ] ( 12 pp . )
film noir ( meaning ' black film ' ) is a distinct branch of the crime / gangster sagas from the 1930s . strictly speaking , film noir is not a genre , but rather the mood , style or tone of various american films that evolved in the 1940s , and lasted in a classic period until about 1960 . however , film noir has not been exclusively confined to this era , and has re - occurred in cyclical form in other years in various neo - noirs . noirs are usually black and white films with primary moods of melancholy , alienation , bleakness , disillusionment , disenchantment , pessimism , ambiguity , moral corruption , evil , guilt and paranoia . and they often feature a cynical , loner hero ( anti - hero ) and femme fatale , in a seedy big city . see this site ' s special tribute to greatest femmes fatales in classic film noir .
the primary moods of classic film noir were melancholy , alienation , bleakness , disillusionment , disenchantment , pessimism , ambiguity , moral corruption , evil , guilt , desperation and paranoia .
directed by herbert danska , the film featured a bravura performance by gregory ; and it re - created the exhilaration of the new york jazz world with its strong musical score .
georgakas , d . ( 1980 ) . they have not spoken : american indians in film . in g . bataille and g . p . silet ( eds . ) .
film and sound archive director , michael loebenstein , who has helped to arrange for the film to be screened on 3 may in melbourne ( at cathedral hall , almost at the location of its filming ) says ireland will be free represents “a fascinating proposition to look at the decade of the great war as the cradle of cross - platform and converged media” .
munby , jonathan .
three :
other
gangsters
race , politics , and the gangster film : the underworld films of oscar micheaux and ralph cooper .
in :
bryan , violet harrington .
i ' m watching god
: modifications and omissions in the film adaptation of zora neale hurston ' s
their eyes were watching god .
oklahoma state department of public health and national association for mental health under the supervision of the mental health film board . tim says : the national association for mental health , inc .
( 1992 ) . in canada , a series of films involving the national film board of canada ( nfb ) , and filmmakers such as hugh brody [ e . g . ,
the ten canoes agreement recognizes the ramingining community’s property rights for all artefacts and sets made for the film . these materials were included in a recent multi - media art / cultural exhibition .
film noir films ( mostly shot in gloomy grays , blacks and whites ) thematically showed the dark and inhumane side of human nature with cynicism and doomed love , and they emphasized the brutal , unhealthy , seamy , shadowy , dark and sadistic sides of the human experience . an oppressive atmosphere of menace , pessimism , anxiety , suspicion that anything can go wrong , dingy realism , futility , fatalism , defeat and entrapment were stylized characteristics of film noir . the protagonists in film noir were normally driven by their past or by human weakness to repeat former mistakes .
steven spielberg ' s adaptation of alice walker ' s pulitzer prize - winning novel the color purple was met with protests , even as the film was still in production ; pickets and demonstrations in many major cities greeted the film ' s release in december , 1985 . the adaptation itself was roundly criticized for its oversimplifications , particularly the racial clichés and hollywood stereotypes that it perpetuated , and denounced for its unrealistic black representations . spike lee spoke for a number of film historians and critics when he condemned the film ' s hostility toward its male characters , who were depicted as
one - dimensional animals .
still others were disappointed by the way spielberg de - emphasized the female characters , whose tragedies walker had turned into hard - fought triumphs .
( 1942 ) is yet another film concerning the battle of the little bighorn . because it deals with an actual historical event , and has been the subject of so many films , including
directing his first feature film , kevin rodney sullivan seemed unable to do more than string together a series of handsomely - framed shots of his two gorgeous leads . yet , even though the characters were underdeveloped and the dialogue often trite , how stella got her groove back was a
chick flick
favorite - or , as one critic called it ,
film peignoir .
alias jimmy valentineis is available on dvd as part of the out - of - print origins of film box set . it is a pity since the set contains a lot of films unavailable elsewhere .
for its first synchronous sound and spoken film , or
talkie ,
hollywood looked not to black actors or entertainers but to an enduring , if antiquated , aspect of black american popular culture .
thrillers are often hybrids with other genres - there are action - thrillers , crime - caper thrillers , western - thrillers , film - noir thrillers , even romantic comedy - thrillers . another closely - related genre is the horror film genre . thriller and suspense films are virtually synonymous and interchangeable categorizations . they are types of films known to promote intense excitement , suspense , a high level of anticipation , ultra - heightened expectation , uncertainty , anxiety , and nerve - wracking tension . the acclaimed master of suspense is alfred hitchcock . spy films may be considered a type of thriller / suspense film .
intriguing view of the underground black film industry in the early 1900s . featuring footage from the 1920s through the 1950s . offers a priceless collection of unique performances by black legends . 2002 . 189 min .
the first important black - oriented major studio film of the 1930s , imitation of life was hailed as a
daring moving picture
that reflected changing social attitudes . based on the best - selling novel by fanny hurst , the film told the story of two poor widows , the white bea ( claudette colbert ) and the black delilah ( louise beavers ) , who are hard hit by the depression .
( 1939 ) is particularly interesting for several reasons , not the least of which is that aboriginal characters are notable for their physical absence from the screen throughout most of the movie . scriptwriting normally involves the introduction of characters in the first portion of the film , some scenes that demonstrate persona and identify villains and heroes , and action that establishes the threat that provides the dramatic tension that propels the film . in
sub - genres are more specific sub - classes of the larger category of main film genres , with their own distinctive subject matter , style , formulas , and iconography . some of them are prominent sub - genres , such as : biopics , ' chick ' flicks , courtroom dramas , detective / mystery films , disaster films , fantasy films , film noir , ' guy ' films , melodramas ( or ' weepers ' ) , road films , romances , superhero films , sports films , supernatural films , thrillers / suspense , and zombie - horror films . see also film sub - genres types ( and hybrids ) - films that combine many different film elements ( i . e . , action - comedies , zombie - disaster - thriller , martial arts / kung - fu or video - game action , musical drama , etc . ) .
as i was writing about climax of alias jimmy valentine , i realized that the questions of identity and deception reminded me of another film : akira kurosawa’s 1945 feudal drama the men who tread on the tiger’s tail .
some of the most prominent directors of film noir included orson welles , john huston , billy wilder , edgar ulmer , douglas sirk , robert siodmak , fritz lang , otto preminger , henry hathaway and howard hawks .
but perhaps williams ' most important work was as an activist who lobbied for more honesty in black film roles and other vital changes in the industry , such as the appointment of
a national negro censor .
ten canoes ( rolf de heer , 2006 ) is australia’s most ambitious and most expensive cross - cultural film project to date . the balanda and the bark canoes ( molly reynolds , tania nehme and rolf de heer , 2006 ) that takes us behind the scenes of this film to provide invaluable insight into the extraordinary processes of collaboration between balanda ( “white - fella” ) , director rolf de heer and the yolngu people of ramingining .
a newly - restored version of
huckleberry finn ,
one of william desmond taylor ' s most acclaimed films , was screened on may 9 at the george eastman house film festival in rochester , n . y .
larson , charles r .
the black king : forgotten ' black ? ' classic .
journal of popular film and television , vol . 20 no . 2 . 1992 summer . pp : 17 - 25 .
i hope my analysis also will serve to sensitize people active in the science , policy and film arenas to consider the contextual influences and understandings that each brings to their task . as kline ( 1994 ) asserts it :
a milestone in american film history , the exile ( 1931 ) was the first all - black - cast independently produced
talkie
( or sound film ) . based on micheaux ' s autobiographical novel the conquest ( 1913 ) , it followed the adventures of jean baptiste , an ambitious
decent colored man
who travels to south dakota to establish his own homestead and falls in love with a woman whom he believes to be white .
with how things have
always
been , but start realizing that cultural legends , stories , and history change . indeed , change is exactly what we would expect if it is the case that efforts at scientific understanding , policy regarding indians , and film portrayals unite in the service of hegemonic interests . [ * fn5 * ] . to the extent that hegemonic interests change , and if these are a primary source of and influence on film imagery , then we should clearly expect film imagery to change as well , in a manner that is consistent with changing hegemonic interest . various authors have already shown that scientific accounts and indian policy are subject to such influences .
there have previously been at least a half - dozen neva gerber films available on dvd or vhs , but all of them were produced in the mid - to - late 20s , years after taylor was dead . now a film is available which was made when she knew taylor : the trail of the octopus , a serial from 1919 . this film generally has better quality than her later available films , and gives her much more to do .
like the revolutionary novel for young adults by alice childress that was its source , the film adaptation of a hero ain ' t nothing but a sandwich told the compelling story of a young man ' s addiction to heroin .
the film , an immediate hit with white audiences , was also popular with black moviegoers , who appreciated its innovative , at times subversive approach to contemporary concerns . as one reviewer noted : though much of imitation of life
is dreadfully superficial and needlessly sentimental . . . it will really set america to thinking furiously .
( the film was re - made less effectively in 1959 , with lana turner and juanita moore as the two widows . )
only recently have micheaux ' s tremendous accomplishments gained the critical appreciation by film historians and the recognition by the motion picture industry that they so richly deserve . today , micheaux is hailed as the first great black filmmaker in america .
a low - budget independent film with no established stars , home of the brave became both a critical and commercial success in the north and south alike and was applauded as a hollywood breakthrough in the presentation of its racial theme .
yet the genius of the film was not in the events that miss jane relates but in her unique voice , which turns her personal history into a remarkable combination of slave narrative , folk history , sermon , and oral poetry .
( tourneur obtained the cooperation of the real warden of sing sing , thomas mott osborne , and was able to film some scenes inside the prison itself . osborne was a prison reformer and a fascinating man in his own right . )
two issues of a 1914 british fan magazine serialized the taylor / gibson film
the night riders of petersham
. part 1 , published in august 1914 is online here and part 2 , published in september 1914 , is here .
arthur laurents ' play the way back , on which the film was based , featured a jewish character in the
problem
role ; but the film adaptation , directed by mark robson , turned him into a black man named peter
mossy
moss ( james edwards ) , a young black private who suffers partial amnesia and hysterical paralysis after the death of his best friend , a white man named finch ( lloyd bridges ) whom he has known since childhood .
it was re - made in 1986 by hansberry ' s widower , robert nemiroff , to commemorate the twenty - fifth anniversary of the original film . directed by black filmmaker bill duke , the remake starred danny glover and esther rolle .
the females in film noir were either of two types ( or archetypes ) - dutiful , reliable , trustworthy and loving women ; or femmes fatales - mysterious , duplicitous , double - crossing , gorgeous , unloving , predatory , tough - sweet , unreliable , irresponsible , manipulative and desperate women . usually , the male protagonist in film noir wished to elude his mysterious past , and had to choose what path to take ( or have the fateful choice made for him ) .
georgia , georgia , an independent film whose original score and screenplay were written by noted black poet and author maya angelou , starred diana sands as georgia martin , a black singer who travels to stockholm , where she meets and falls in love with a white army deserter . but even overseas , georgia is unable to escape racial discrimination . the warnings to georgia that she should
stick to her own kind
seem overblown - until the film ends in a brutal murder .
despite a pat hollywood - style conclusion that reverses the play ' s message of black inequality , the film was an overwhelming hit with audiences . yet , as film critic vincent canby pointed out ,
it is a measure of how little real progress there has been in the attitude of american movies toward black culture that a soldier ' s story , which could as easily have been made in 1964 as in 1984 , seems noteworthy today for its broad popular success .
a 1971 interview with silent film actress claire windsor is available online at urltoken , in which she discusses the impact of the taylor case on her life and career . ( her discussion of the case begins five minutes into the interview . )
the film began when i showed a photograph from donald doctor thomson to rolf de heer and said what do you think ? rolf de heer started to write that story with ramingining people , my people , and we started to work together .
step children ( 1937 ) director oscar micheaux . film deals with a light - skinned african - american orphan who refuses to acknowledge her race . 65 min . 65 min . 999 : 1148 credits and other information from the internet movie database
it is outside the hollywood mainstream that aboriginal film portrayals have reached the next step , which involves more fully embodying aboriginal voice . british filmmaker michael apted , for example , in his balancing act between hollywood extravaganza ( e . g . ,
the film , which enjoyed a successful run in new york , was censored by the pennsylvania board of censors , which objected to a scene of baptiste kissing a white woman ( who is later revealed to have
negro blood
) and to another scene , eventually cut , of a black man thrashing a white man for ungentlemanly conduct . although the film generated much controversy , it gave hope to other race filmmakers that black films could compete in the new market of sound movies .
a renowned still photographer whose work appeared in life and other prominent publications , the late gordon parks , sr . not only produced and directed the film ; he also wrote and scored the music . the learning tree was thus the first film financed by a major studio to have a black director , and it opened hollywood ' s doors not only for parks , who went on to direct even more commercially successful films like shaft ( 1971 ) , but also for other black directors .
one criticism leveled against the film is that the comedy relief from kenichi enomoto is jarring and out of place in a serious production . i have an enormous fondness for funny little men ( i like silent movies , remember ? ) and i thought enomoto added just the right amount of humor to the film . i enjoyed his character and performance and would have missed him if he had been cut . in the end , all i can do is say that i agree wholeheartedly with togashi .
for an excellent overview of this history and a provocative contribution to the debates on protocols , see frances peters - little , “ the impossibility of pleasing everybody : a legitimate role for white filmmakers making black film ” , in australian humanities review .
written and directed by carl franklin , the film not only recreated all of the conventions of the hard - boiled detective novel of the 1940s ; it also depicted an era when veterans like easy used the gi bill to move from the south in search of better employment . the painstakingly accurate period sets contributed to the stylized look of the film , which was itself a fine portrait of a black man coming of age in postwar america and trying to claim his legitimate share of the american dream .
the analysis i will now undertake - in which i examine science , policy , and film portrayals regarding aboriginal peoples over time - will inevitably suffer its own limitations , particularly the limitations that arise when one tries to paint historical trends with an overly large brush . nonetheless , i would suggest that it also offers certain benefits , especially given our collective goal of trying to understand the role that film media play in constructing image and identity , i . e . , the theme of this conference .
like pinky johnson in pinky , the central character in another black - oriented
problem
film , home of the brave , learns to use his experience of racial discrimination to gain a better understanding of himself and his position in postwar american society .
the film ' s success was attributable in large part to denzel washington , who integrated the stridency of malcolm ' s militant rhetoric against whites with the quiet intellectualism of his growing awareness of the importance of language in his struggle to raise black awareness .
richie points out that kurosawa even takes things one step further . togashi knows and is being merciful but he also makes sure that benkei knows that he has been found out . so the film is really a performance within a performance within a performance . benkei and togashi continue their cat and mouse game for the benefit of their spectators but they have a second game beneath the surface purely conveyed by body language . ( of course , okochi’s silent film experience would have been invaluable for this sort of thing . )
giles , mark .
the blood of jesus : timeless black values .
black camera - a micro journal of black film studies 15 : 1 [ spring - summer 2000 ] p . 6 - 7 uc users only strecker , damien .
no laughing matter : spencer williams , jr . ' s christian moral vision in
the blood of jesus
. black camera - a micro journal of black film studies 20 : 2 [ fall - winter 2005 ] p . 6 - 7 uc users only
to kill a mockingbird , which marked robert duval ' s film debut , was nominated for eight academy awards and won three , including the award for best actor ( gregory peck , in a role that was originally offered to rock hudson ) and best adapted screenplay ( horton foote ) . the film also forged some enduring bonds for peck : harper lee , moved by his performance , presented him with her father ' s pocketwatch , and brock peters delivered the eulogy at the actor ' s funeral in 2003 .