ethmiopsis tegulifera is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1932 .

it is found in the russian far east ( ussuri ) , korea and japan .

the wingspan is 13-14.5 mm .

the forewings are white , with scattered dark fuscous scales .

the posterior two-thirds of the costa is dark brown with a white stigma .

the hindwings are grey .

the larvae feed on quercus mongolica and quercus serrata .

ethmiopsis tegulifera

ethmiopsis tegulifera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43
dactylethra tegulifera meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 201 ; tl : s . ussuri
ethmiopsis aganactes ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
ethmiopsis catarina ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
ethmiopsis epichthonia ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
ethmiopsis heppneri ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
ethmiopsis prosectrix ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
ethmiopsis scriniata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43
ethmiopsis subtegulifera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43
figures 3 − 5 . adult morphology of encolapta spp . 3 , adult of e . tegulifera , ♀ ; 4 − 5 , labial palpus : 4 , e . tegulifera , ♂ ; 5 , e . epichthonia , ♀ . ( scale bars 3 = 2 . 0 mm ; 4 , 5 = 1 . 0 mm ) .
ethmiopsis prosectrix meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 69 ; tl : tien - mu - shan
figures 18 − 19 . genital structure of encolapta spp . 18 , male genitalia of e . tegulifera , slide no . ymq 15463 ; 18 a , eighth abdominal segment of male e . aciprojecta sp . nov . , arrow indicates eighth tergite , slide no . ymq 15479 ; 19 , female genitalia of e . tegulifera , slide no . ymq 15455 . ( scale bars 18 a = 0 . 2 mm ; 18 − 19 = 0 . 5 mm ) .
= ; [ sangmi lee ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42
= ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 42 ; [ sangmi lee ]
chelophoba aganactes meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 72 ; tl : tien - mu - shan
dactylethrella catarina ponomarenko , 1994 ; japan heteroc . j . 176 : 8 ; tl : rjasanovka , primorskii krai
homoshelas epichthonia meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 71 ; tl : lungtan
homochela heppneri park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 79 ; tl : pingtung co . , taiwan
chelophoba melaina clarke , 1986 ; smithshon . contr . zool . 416 : 173 ; tl : marquesas archipelago , fatu hiva , omoa
chelaria scriniata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 163 ; tl : pundalalouya , ceylon
dactylethrella subtegulifera ponomarenko , 1994 ; japan heteroc . j . 176 : 7 ; tl : gornotaezhnoe , primorskii krai
larva on quercus mongolica , quercus serrata ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
sattler , 1973 a catalogue of the family - group and genus - group names of the gelechiidae , holcopogonidae , lecithoceridae and symmocidae ( lepidoptera ) bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 153 - 282
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yang , meiqing & li , houhun , 2016 , review of the genus encolapta meyrick , 1913 ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae : chelariini ) from china , with descriptions of six new species , zootaxa 4193 ( 2 ) , pp . 201 - 227 : 221 - 222
material examined . china : shanxi province : 1 ƌ , xiyaocun , ningwu county , 1475 m , 21 . vii . 2011 , leg . shulian hao and jiayu liu
4 ƌƌ , 1 ♀ , administration , luyashan nature reserves , ningwu county , 1450 m , 23−24 . vii . 2011 , leg . shulian hao and jiayu liu , genitalia slide nos . ymq15455 f
ymq 15456 m ; 1 ƌ , dahe forest , 1340 m , 13 . vii . 2012 , leg . qiang gao and na chen , genitalia slide no
ymq15457 ; 2 ƌƌ , dahe forest , yicheng , linfen , 1202 m , 23 , 25 . vii . 2013 , leg . shulian hao and mingjing li , genitalia slide no
ymq15458 ; 1 ƌ , manghe national nature reserves , yangcheng county , 594 m , 17 . vii . 2012 , leg . wei guan and xiuchun wang , genitalia slide no
ymq15459 ; 1 ♀ , xixiakou , lishan nature reserves , qinshui , jincheng , 1515 m , 17 . viii . 2012 , leg . zhiwei zhang and shulian hao , genitalia slide no
ymq15460 ; 29 ƌƌ , 22 ♀♀ , mt . mian , jiexiu , 1370 m , 14−22 . vii . 2014 , leg . tengteng liu , meiqing yang and sihan lu , genitalia slide nos
ymq 15466 m . liaoning province : 3 ƌƌ , mt . tiecha , benxi county , 28−29 . vi . 2010 , leg . jiayu liu and yanpeng cai
3 ƌƌ , 1 ♀ , mt . qian , anshan , 6−7 . vii . 2010 , leg . jiayu liu and yanpeng cai , genitalia slide nos . ymq15471 f
ymq 15472 m ; 7 ƌƌ , 2 ♀♀ , mt . baiyun , haicheng , 11−14 . vii . 2010 , leg . jiayu liu and yanpeng cai , genitalia slide nos
ymq15474 f . zhejiang province : 2 ƌƌ , shunxiwu , qingliangfeng national nature reserves , 390 m , 19−20 . v . 2012 , leg . linlin yang and zhenguo zhang , genitalia slide no
ymq15477 ; 13 ƌƌ , mt . longtang , qingliangfeng national nature reserves , 500 m , 21−22 . v . 2012 , leg . linlin yang and zhenguo zhang
henan province : 7 ƌƌ , baotianman , neixiang , 1350 m , 13−15 . vii . 1998 , leg . houhun li
7 ƌƌ , 3 ♀♀ , huangshian , xixia , 890 m , 17−18 . vii . 1998 , leg
houhun li . guizhou province : 2 ƌƌ , shaluo , chishui , 390 m , 27−28 . v . 2000 , leg
yanli du . shaanxi province : 1 ƌ , yangling , 450 m , 1 . vii . 1986 , leg . houhun li
2 ƌƌ , xinjiashan , fengxian , 1600 m , 9 , 13 . vii . 1988 , leg
houhun li . gansu province : 1 ƌ , douba , kangxian , 1100 m , 8 . vi . 1995 , leg . aisihaer maimaiti
in appearance , and the differences between them are stated under the latter species .
) , and the lateral band joined at middle of anterior margin and the ostium bursae with lateral carinae in the female genitalia ( fig . 19
distribution . china ( gansu , guizhou , henan , liaoning , shaanxi , shanxi , zhejiang ) , japan , korea , russian far east .
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
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the gelechiidae is similar to other gelechioid families in that its members have a scaled proboscis and strongly recurved labial palpus , but differs from other gelechioid families by having a combination of the following characters : 1 ) hindwing subrectangular to trapezoidal with sinuous or concave termen and prominent apex , 2 ) forewing lanceolate to elongate–ovate with cup absent , 3 ) the retinaculum of the wing–coupling mechanism on the radial vein of the female forewing , 4 ) labial palpus long , second segment often with ventral brush , third segment long , acute , rarely with short dorsal brush of rough scales , 5 ) male gnathos forming a pair of lateral , articulated , symmetrical sclerites with an articulated , mesial hook ( hodges , 1986 , 1999 ) .


ogdoconta moreno is a moth in the noctuidae family .

it is only known from southern arizona , although its distribution likely extends into mexico .

the length of the forewings is 10 – 14 mm .

adults vary from brown to gray .

both the reniform and orbicular spots of the forewing are represented by contrasting light patches devoid of any defining lines or spots .

the orbicular spot touches the antemedial line .

the antemedial line is angled with the outward apex occurring just below the orbicular spot .

the inner side of the antemedial line is a light band followed by a darker brown line .

the postmedial line is an almost straight , light line , followed by a light tan or gray region of the subterminal area , which gradually becomes darker in the subterminal area .

the hindwings of both the male and female are whitish , suffused with dull gray brown , more heavily in the female than the male .

adults have been recorded on wing in july , august and september .

ogdoconta moreno

ogdoconta butler , 1891 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 7 ( 41 ) : 462 ; ts : placodes cinereola guenée
metzler , e . h . , e . c . knudson , r . w . poole , j . d . lafontaine , m . g . pogue , 2013 . a review of the genus ogdoconta butler ( lepidoptera noctuidae , condicinae , condicini from north america north of mexico with description of three new species . . zookeys , 264 : 165–191 .
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forewing light grayish - brown with paler shading in subterminal and antemedial areas , which makes the median area appear darker by comparison ; reniform and orbicular spots diffuse , indistinct , barely paler than ground color ; am line curved in a shallow arc ; pm line has slight bend but is almost straight ; hindwing brownish - gray with pale fringe .
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distribution : this species is known only from southern arizona . there does not appear to be any significant variation in the species . adults have been collected in july , august , and september .
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
© eric h . metzler , edward c . knudson , robert w . poole , j . donald lafontaine , michael g . pogue
this species is known only from southern arizona , although its distribution likely extends into mexico . the larva and its food plants are unknown . adults were collected in july , august , and september .
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[ mna26 . 1 ] ; poole , 1995 the moths of america north of mexico . noctuoidae , noctuidae ( part ) , cuculliinae , striinae , psaphidinae moths am . n of mexico 26 . 1 : 1 - 249
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intha umbilicalis is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail , an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family planorbidae , the ram 's horn snails , or planorbids .

intha umbilicalis

budha p . b . ( 2010 ) .
intha umbilicalis
. the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2014 . 2 . < www . iucnredlist . org > . downloaded on 27 august 2014 .
related genera are hippeutis agassiz , 1837 and intha annandale , 1922 and the relationships of these genera and helicorbis require re - examination . some species in these genera are hosts of signifant animal and human parasites . hippeutis ( or intha ) umbilicalis ( benson , 1836 ) , an asian species that is also known from new guinea , has been intercepted by australian biosecurity .
{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . intha umbilicalis ( benson , 1836 ) . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 10 , 2018 ] .
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brandt , r . a . m . 1974 . the non - marine aquatic mollusca of thailand . archiv für molluskenkunde 105 ( 1 - 4 ) : 1 - 423 .
is a widespread species occurring in the indomalayan and australasian realms with no known threats , and is therefore assessed as least concern .
it is distributed in south and southeast asia ; widespread in india , nepal , bangladesh , sri lanka , myanmar , thailand , laos , cambodia , vietnam , southern china , malaysia , indonesia , and eastwards to new guinea and japan .
although there is no information on population status and trends , however , this is a very common species .
it is found in swamps , lakes , ponds along with rich macrophytes . this species acts as intermediate hosts of many trematode parasites such as
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benson w . b . ( 1836 ) .
descriptive catagogue of a collection of land and fresh - water shells , chiefly contained in the museum of the asiatic society
. journal of asiatic society of bengal : 741 - 750 .
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iucn 2014 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2014 . 2 .
copyright ( c ) 2018 invasive species specialist group . all rights reserved . web site by acronym ltd .
this publication has been produced with support from the 10th european development fund . the contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the issg ( invasive species specialist group ) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the european union nor of the acp secretariat
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this species differs from members of the genus gyraulus by its strongly overlapping whorls and peripheral keel that is not centrally placed . the shell is smooth , shiny , and dark red - brown to pale amber when alive . it is small and flat , with a small to medium sunken spire and narrow to medium umbilicus . some individuals have small internal lamellae .
original name : segmentina australiensis smith , 1882 . smith , e . a . ( 1882 ) . on the freshwater shells of australia . journal of the linnean society of london , zoology 16 : 255 - 316 .
synonyms : planorbis meniscoides tate , 1882 ; segmentina victoriae smith , 1882 ; segnitila alphena iredale , 1943 ; segnitila idonea iredale , 1944 ; segnitila redita iredale , 1944 ; segnitila brisbanensis iredale , 1944 .
we follow brown ( 1981 ) while noting that the taxonomy of this group requires revision ( see notes ) .
this species lives on aquatic vegetation in ponds , billabongs , swamps and sluggish streams and rivers . feeds on detritus . egg mass presumably a jelly strip containing small eggs . development direct . brown ( 1981 ) described the anatomy of this species .
additional information on the biology and ecology of members of this family can be found in fauna of australia , vol . 5b , p . 1072 - 1074 .
this species differs from species of gyraulus in having the whorls strongly overlapping and the peripheral keel is not centrally placed . the shell is smooth , shining and dark red - brown when alive .
this genus occurs in china , india , philippines , islands of the western pacific , as well as in eastern and northern australia .
beesley , p . l . , ross , g . j . b . & wells , a . , eds . ( 1998 ) . mollusca : the southern synthesis . parts a & b . melbourne , csiro publishing .
brown , d . s . ( 1981 ) . observations on the planorbidae from australia and new guinea . journal of the malacological society of australia 5 : 67 - 80 .
brown , d . s . ( 1998 ) . freshwater snails of the genus gyraulus ( gastropoda : planorbidae ) in australia : the taxa of tasmania . molluscan research 19 : 105 - 154 .
brown , d . s . ( 2001 ) . freshwater snails of the genus gyraulus ( planorbidae ) in australia : taxa of the mainland . molluscan research 21 : 17 - 107 .
hubendick , b . ( 1955 ) . phylogeny of the planorbidae . transactions of the zoological society of london 28 : 453 - 542 .
ponder , w . f . , clark , s . a . & dallwitz , m . j . ( 2000 ) . freshwater and estuarine molluscs : an interactive , illustrated key for new south wales . melbourne , csiro publishing .
smith , b . j . ( 1992 ) . non - marine mollusca . pp . i - xii , 1 - 408 in w . w . k . houston . zoological catalogue of australia , 8 . canberra , australian government publishing service .
smith , b . j . and kershaw , r . c . ( 1979 ) . field guide to the non - marine molluscs of south eastern australia . australian national university press , canberra , australia .
smith , b . j . & kershaw , r . c . ( 1981 ) . tasmanian land and freshwater molluscs . hobart , university of tasmania .
smith , e . a . ( 1887 ) . notes on australian species of bithinia , segmentina , and fusus and description of a new melania . journal of conchology 5 : 235 - 238 .
to cite this resource : ponder , w . f . , hallan , a . , shea , m . and clark , s . a . 2016 . australian freshwater molluscs . urltoken
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the length of the forewings is about 9 mm for males and 10 mm for females .

adults have a grey-brown ground colour with a light suffusion of red scales at the base of the forewing and costa .

both the fore - and hindwings are lightly dusted with brown scales .

sigilliclystis kendricki

sigilliclystis kendricki - urdu meaning and translation of sigilliclystis kendricki , translation , multiple word search ( seperate words with space ) , english to urdu machine translation of sigilliclystis kendricki and more .
sigilliclystis kendricki is a moth in the geometridae family . it is found in hong kong and probably inland china .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
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created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
( c ) roger c . kendrick , some rights reserved ( cc by - nc - nd ) , uploaded by roger kendrick , urltoken
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roger kendrick stated : the raised scales are groups of androconial scales - scent patches to you and me ! they only occur on the male in this species .
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for a list of species first described from hong kong with many endemic species indicated see ( wikipedia ) .
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limbatochlamys parvisis is a moth of the family geometridae .

it is found in china ( yunnan ) .

the length of the forewings is 25 mm for males and 29 mm for females .

limbatochlamys parvisis

this is the place for parvisis definition . you find here parvisis meaning , synonyms of parvisis and images for parvisis copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word parvisis . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word parvisis and , of course , parvisis synonyms and on the right images related to the word parvisis .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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crypsiphona occultaria , the red - lined looper moth or red - lined geometer , is a moth of the geometridae family .
aplasta ononaria , the rest harrow , is a species of moth of the family geometridae .
pingasa chlora , the white looper moth or flower - eating caterpillar , is a species of moth of the family geometridae .
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arctozenus risso , the spotted barracudina or ribbon barracudina , is a species of barracudina found in oceans worldwide in the meso - and bathypelagic zone down to abound 2,200 metres ( 7,200 ft ) .

this species grows to a length of 30 centimetres ( 12 in ) sl .

this species is the only known member of its genus .

it is an important forage species for many pelagic predators , such as cephalopods , common dolphins , and albacore .

spotted barracudina

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published in meps vol . 250 . online publication date : march 26 , 2003 print issn : 0171 - 8630 ; online issn : 1616 - 1599 copyright © 2003 inter - research .
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moore , j . , polanco fernandez , a . , russell , b . , mceachran , j . d . , poss , s . , nunoo , f . & bannermann , p .
is a wide - ranging species , is not utilized and has no known major threats . therefore ,
this species occurs from the arctic to antarctic . in the northeastern pacific , it is found from british columbia , canada south to guadalupe island , mexico . in the southeastern pacific , it occurs in chile . in the western atlantic , it occurs from newfoundland and labrador , canada south to georgia , florida , the bahamas , and the lesser antilles ( richards 2006 ) . specifically in the greater caribbean , it occurs from southeastern florida , northwest providence channel ( the bahamas ) and the lesser antilles . in the eastern atlantic , it is known from norway to portugal . in the northwestern pacific , it occurs in iwate , japan south to the philippines . in the southwestern pacific , it is known from new south wales , australia to tasmania ( distribution inferred from records of a . risso on fishnet2 . net , 2012 ) . it is found at depths between zero to 2 , 000 m ( richards 2006 ) .
arctozenus risso is oceanic , epipelagic to bathypelagic , and feeds on fishes and shrimps . it occurs singly or in small schools ( post 1984 ) . it is hermaphroditic and oviparous with planktonic larvae ( richards 2006 ) . it spawns at continental slopes and oceanic banks ( cherel and duhamel 2003 ) . the maximum total length ( tl ) is 31 cm ( thompson 2002 ) .
there are no known major threats to arctozenus risso . however , it is caught as bycatch in deep - water fisheries in some areas .
moore , j . , polanco fernandez , a . , russell , b . , mceachran , j . d . , poss , s . , nunoo , f . & bannermann , p . 2015 .
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marine ; bathypelagic ; depth range 0 - 2200 m ( ref . 50610 ) . deep - water ; 71°n - 55°s , 180°w - 180°e
worldwide distribution from the arctic to antarctic . eastern pacific : british columbia ( 55°n ) to at least north central baja california ( 28°n ) ( ref . 35950 ) . northwest pacific : bering sea , kamchatka , kuril islands ( ref . 41668 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 30 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 35388 ) ; common length : 25 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4473 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 8 - 13 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 28 - 34 ; vertebrae : 72 - 86 . bright silvery in color ( ref . 6885 ) . branchiostegal rays : 8 ( ref . 35950 ) .
pseudoceanic and mesopelagic , occurring singly or in small schools ( ref . 5759 ) , primarily at 200 - 1000 ( ref . 58302 ) . feed mainly on fishes and shrimps ( ref . 5759 ) . spawn in continental slopes and in oceanic banks from northern through tropical to southern temperate waters . oviparous , with planktonic larvae ( ref . 35950 ) .
post , a . , 1990 . paralepididae . p . 373 - 384 . in j . c . quero , j . c . hureau , c . karrer , a . post and l . saldanha ( eds . ) check - list of the fishes of the eastern tropical atlantic ( clofeta ) . jnict , lisbon ; sei , paris ; and unesco , paris . vol . 1 . ( ref . 4473 )
) : 0 . 8 - 10 . 8 , mean 4 . 1 ( based on 2120 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00324 ( 0 . 00121 - 0 . 00866 ) , b = 3 . 08 ( 2 . 85 - 3 . 31 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 2 ±0 . 0 se ; based on diet studies .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 34 of 100 ) .
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it’s halloween . that time of year when the pumpkin rears its orange head and the streets are filled with zombies , witches and donald trump costumes . if like me , you always struggle for costume inspiration , i’ve put together some of the scariest faces you’ll find in the deep - sea sea . you’re welcome
turns out the underside of many deep - sea shark heads look like demonic monsters . hella scary for any shrimp or squid that were to bump into the business end of these guys . not to worry though guys , all of these sharks ( and fish ) are under a metre in length and found well below 500m . no threat to you next time you paddle in the shallows .
still very much an understudied group of sharks . i think it’s quite clear why the demon catsharks get their name but we still know nothing about this group . ( …well not nothing , but it’s not much )
easily identified by the jet black coloration in its mouth . this species can be found through europe from 55m to 1200m .
the birdbeak dogfish has a remarkably longnose that is covered in electro - sensory organs called ampullae of lorenzini , which it uses to detect fish and squid in the dark depths of the ocean .
the jaws of the portuguese dogfish are perfectly designed for grasping and then tearing through chunks of dead whales .
another member of the demon catshark family . this species is typically found between 1000 - 1500m and is believed to specialise on deep - sea shrimp .
i mean , just look at it ! terrifying ! although it only reaches a max size of about 30cm , so kind of cute really .
so when you’re thinking of what to go as to this years halloween party , consider going as a “demon catshark” or a “can - opener smoothdream” .
phd candidate researching the tropho - spatial ecology of deep sea sharks . interested in stable isotopes , behavioural ecology , satellite telemetry , paleobiology , fisheries & conservation
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prepelvic distance 66 - 70 % sl . pelvic fin origin behind dorsal fin origin . two rows of teeth with ~ 25 canines . palatine with 3 - 6 depressible , elongate canines and many tiny fixed teeth .
body silvery with a darker dorsum . many spots on the rear of the body . base of anal fin with dark pigment .
the subtropical and boreal north atlantic , from greenland to off the carolinas . also in the southern hemisphere in the subtropical convergence with strays to the falklands .
post , a . 1985 . paralepididae . in : fischer , w . and hureau , j - c . ( eds . )
species identification sheets for fishery purposes . southern ocean ( fishing areas 48 , 58 and 88 ) . food and agriculture organisation of the united nations , rome .
rofen , r . r . in : anderson , w . w . , r . h . gibbs , f . h . berry , w . a . gosline , j . e . bohlke , n . b . marshall , r . l . bolin , g . w . mead , j . w . gehringer , r . r . rofen , and n . j . wilimovsky . 1966 . fishes of the western north atlantic . part 5 . iniomi and lyomeri . memoir no . 1 . sears foundation for marine research ; yale university , new haven , ct . 647 pp . , 220 plates .
there are approximately 450 species of vertebrate wildlife which can be found within the garden state , along with 85 freshwater fish . our bays , estuaries and marine waters can be home to 28 marine mammals and 336 marine finfish at some point during the year . this is an exceptional number of species for a state as small as new jersey .
citation : able , k . w . 1992 . checklist of new jersey saltwater fishes . bull . n . j . acad . sci . 37 ( 1 ) : 1 - 11
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copyright © state of new jersey , 1996 - 2006 department of environmental protection p . o . box 402 trenton , nj 08625 - 0402 last updated : february 14 , 2006


elachista lenape is a moth of the elachistidae family .

it is found in the united states , where it has been recorded from new jersey .

elachista lenape

phrases that include lenape : canna lenape , elachista lenape , lenape high school , lenape regional high school district , lenape valley regional high school , more . . .
elachista lenape kaila , 1996 , n . sp . , ent . scand . , v . 27 , p . 217 - 238 .
revision of the nearctic species of elachista i . the tetragonella group ( lepidoptera : elachistidae )
a revision of the nearctic elachista s . l . i . the tetragonella group ( lepidoptera , elachistidae )
revision of the nearctic species of elachista i . the tetragonella group ( lepidoptera : elachistidae ) » brill online
holotype for elachista lenape kaila , 1996 catalog number : usnm collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of entomology sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : pinned ; slide collector ( s ) : r . hodges year collected : 1962 locality : lakehurst , ocean , new jersey , united states
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1 : l . kaila , finnish museum of natural history , zoological museum , p . o . box 17 , fin - 00014 university of helsinki , finland
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minipera is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family molgulidae .

species within the genus minipera include : minipera macquariensis sanamyan & sanamyan , 1999 minipera papillosa monniot c. & monniot f. , 1974 minipera pedunculata monniot c. & monniot f. , 1974 minipera tacita monniot & monniot , 1985

minipera

worms - world register of marine species - minipera monniot c . & monniot f . , 1974
worms - world register of marine species - minipera papillosa monniot c . & monniot f . , 1974
worms - world register of marine species - minipera pedunculata monniot c . & monniot f . , 1974
shenkar , n . ; gittenberger , a . ; lambert , g . ; rius , m . ; moreira da rocha , r . ; swalla , b . j . ; turon , x . ( 2018 ) . ascidiacea world database .
sanamyan , k . ( 2007 ) . database of extant ascidiacea . version of 2 november 2007 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
monniot , c . ( 2001 ) . ascidiacea & sorberacea . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels . 50 : pp . 352 - 355 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
monniot , c . ; monniot , f . ( 1974 ) . ascidies abyssales de l ' atlantique récoltées par le ' jean charcot ' ( campagnes noratlante , walda , polygas a ) . bull . mus . natn . hist . nat . , paris , 3 ser . ( 226 ) , zool , 154 : 721 - 786 . [ details ]
van der land , j . ( ed ) . ( 2008 ) . unesco - ioc register of marine organisms ( urmo ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
cole , l . and g . lambert . 2009 . tunicata ( urochordata ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 1209–1216 in felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . [ details ]
sanamyan , k . e . ( 2014 ) . deep - sea fauna of european seas : an annotated species check - list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering europe . ascidiacea . invertebrate zoology . vol . 11 . no . 1 : 13–24 [ in english ] . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
sanamyan , k . e . ; sanamyan , n . p . ( 1999 ) . some benthic tunicata from the southern indo - pacific ocean . journal of natural history . 33 : 1835 - 1876 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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hexabothriidae is a family of monogenean parasites .

the family name was proposed by emmett w. price in 1942 .

the family includes 14-16 genera according to authors and about 60 species ; all are parasitic on the gills of chondrichthyan fishes ( rays , sharks and chimaeras ) .

hexabothriidae

hexabothriidae ( monogenea ) du requin marteau ( sphyrna mokarran ) de la mer rouge . description d ' une nouvelle espèce ,
euzet , l . , & maillard , c . ( 1974 ) . les monogènes hexabothriidae price , 1942 . historique , systématique , phylogenèse .
euzet , l . , & maillard , c . ( 1976 ) . the mechanism of attachment of some hexabothriidae ( monogenea ) to a host .
suriano & incorvaia , 1982 ( monogenea : hexabothriidae ) re - visited , with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
.
[ hexabothriidae ( monogenea ) from selachii ( sphyrna mokarran ) in the red sea . description of a new species erpocotyle septistoma ( author ' s transl ) ] .
branchotenthes octohamatus sp . n . ( monogenea : hexabothriidae ) from the gills of the southern fiddler ray , trygonorrhina fasciata ( rhinobatidae ) in . . . - pubmed - ncbi
studies on phylogeny of monogeneans based on morphology , [ 5 ] molecules [ 6 ] or spermatozoa [ 7 ] suggest that the hexabothriidae are a basal group within the polyopisthocotylea .
boeger , w . a . , & kritsky , d . c . ( 1989 ) . phylogeny , coevolution , and revision of the hexabothriidae price , 1942 ( monogenea ) .
branchotenthes octohamatus sp . n . ( monogenea : hexabothriidae ) from the gills of the southern fiddler ray , trygonorrhina fasciata ( rhinobatidae ) in south australia : description of adult and larva .
[ hexabothriidae ( monogenea ) from selachii ( sphyrna mokarran ) in the red sea . description of a new species erpocotyle septistoma ( author ' s transl ) ] . - pubmed - ncbi
price , e . w . 1942 : north american monogenetic trematodes . v . the family hexabothriidae n . n . ( polystomatoidea ) . proceedings of the helminthological society of washington , 9 , 39 - 56 .
euzet , louis & maillard , claude , 1974 : les monogènes hexabothriidae price , 1942 . historique , systématique , phylogenèse . bulletin du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle , 3° série , 206 , zoologie 136 , 113 - 141 .
the study of the hexabothriidae , from selachii in the red sea reveals two different species in the hammerhead shark sphyrna mokarran ( rüppel , 1835 ) : erpocotyle sphyrna ( maccallum , 1931 ) et erpocotyle septistoma n . sp . the host specificity and the geographical distribution of e . shyrna are discussed .
ktari , mohammed hedi & maillard , claude , 1972 . neonchocotyle pastinacae n . g . n . sp . ( monogenea hexabothriidae ) parasite de dasyatis pastinaca dans le golfe de tunis : description de l ' adulte et de la larve . annales de parasitologie humaine et comparée , 47 ( 2 ) : 181 - 191 .
chero , j . d . ; cruces , c . l . ; sáez , g . ; camargo , a . c . a . ; santos , c . p . ; luque , j . l . ( 2018 ) . hypanocotyle bullardi n . gen . n . sp . ( monogenea : hexabothriidae ) from gill of the diamond stingray hypanus dipterurus ( jordan et gilbert ) ( myliobatiformes : dasyatidae ) in the southeastern pacific ocean off peru . parasitology international . 67 ( 4 ) : 425 - 430 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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parasitology . supplement . ( journal , magazine , 1962 ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : parasitology . supplement . publisher : cambridge ; new york : cambridge university press , 1962 - oclc : 15290306
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parasitology . supplement . / british society for parasitology . ; ; cambridge ; new york : cambridge university press , 1962 -
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bray , r . a . ( 2001 ) . monogenea , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 142 - 146 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
helminths from elasmobranchs in central american fresh waters
by donald e . watson and thomas b . thorson
donald e . watson , university of lagos thomas b . thorson , university of nebraska - lincoln
published in investigations of the ichthyofauna of nicaraguan lakes , ed . thomas b . thorson ( university of nebraska - lincoln , 1976 ) . copyright © 1976 school of life sciences , university of nebraska - lincoln .
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folia parasitol ( praha ) . 2005 sep ; 52 ( 3 ) : 223 - 30 .
marine parasitology laboratory , school of earth and environmental sciences , the university of adelaide , north terrace , south australia , australia . vanessa . glennon @ urltoken
ann parasitol hum comp . 1978 sep - oct ; 53 ( 5 ) : 487 - 94 .
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callorhynchocotyle hydrolagi n . sp . is proposed for hexabothriids found on the gills of the ghost shark , hydrolagus ogilbyi , taken off the coast of southeastern australia . the species is distinguished from the three previously described species of the genus in that the sclerites and the points of the sclerites of the three sucker pairs are all of similar size . the greater thickness of the sucker sclerites , the hamuli with inflated , almost spherical terminations of the roots , and the robust male copulatory complex also serve to differentiate c . hydrolagi .
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
roff , j . c . & hopcroft , r . r . ( 1986 ) high precision microcomputer based measuring system for ecological research .
( linne , 1758 ) garman , 1904 ( pisces : holocephali ) de la region costera de mar del plata .
beverley - burton , m . & chisholm , l . a . syst parasitol ( 1990 ) 16 : 241 . urltoken
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patella , raquel ; bullard , stephen a . ( 2013 ) .
hexabothriids of devil rays ( mobulidae ) : new genus and species from gill of
boeger , w . a . , & kritsky , d . c . ( 2001 ) . phylogenetic relationships of the monogenoidea . in d . t . j . littlewood & r . a . bray ( eds . ) , interrelationships of the platyhelminthes ( pp . 92 - 102 ) . london & new york : taylor and francis
jovelin , richard ; justine , jean - lou ( 2001 ) .
phylogenetic relationships within the polyopisthocotylean monogeneans ( platyhelminthes ) inferred from partial 28s rdna sequences
.
justine , jean - lou ; poddubnaya , larisa g . ( 2018 ) .
bullard , stephen a . ; dippenaar , susan m . ( 2003 ) .
suriano , d . m . & incorvaia , i . s . 1982 : sistematica y biologia de callorhynchocotyle marplatensis gen . et sp . nov ( monogenea : polyopisthocotylea ) parasita de las branquias de callorhynchus callorhynchus ( linné , 1758 ) garman , 1904 ( pisces : holocephali ) de la region costera de mar del plata . comunicaciones del museo argentino de ciencias naturales
bernardino rivadavia
e instituto nacional de investigacion de las ciencias naturales - parasitologia ( buenos aires ) , 2 , 19 - 32 .
hargis , w . j . jr , 1955 : monogenetic trematodes of gulf of mexico fishes , part vi . the superfamilies polystomatoidea price , 1936 , and diclidophoroidea price , 1936 . transactions of the american microscopical society , 74 , 361 - 377 .
van beneden , pierre - joseph & hesse , c . e . 1863 : recherches sur les bdellodes ou hirudinées et les trématodes marins . mémoires de l ' académie royale de belgique , t . 34 . bruxelles : m . hayez . doi : 10 . 5962 / bhl . title . 11767 bhl pdf ( erpocotyle laevis : pages 87 - 89 )
brooks , g . l . ( 1934 ) .
some new ectoparasitic trematodes ( onchocotylinae ) from the gills of american sharks
.
von nordmann , alexander 1840 les vers ( vermes ) . in : j . - b . de lamarck , histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres . . . paris , 2 ed . , iii : 542 - 686 .
mayes , monte a ; brooks , daniel r ; thorson , thomas b ( 1981 ) .
watson , d . e . & thorson , thomas b . 1976 : helminths from elasmobranchs in central american fresh waters . investigations of the ichthyofauna of nicaraguan lakes , paper 52 , 629 - 640 .
brinkmann , a . jr . 1952 . fish trematodes from norwegian waters . i . the history of fish trematode investigations in norway and the norwegian species of the order monogenea . universitetet i bergen , årbok . naturvitenskapelig rekke ( 1 ) , 1 - 134 .
cerfontaine , paul . 1899 : contribution à l ' étude des octocotylidés . v . les onchocotylinae . archives de biologie , 16 , 345 - 478 + plates 18 - 21 .
doran , david j . ( 1953 ) .
new monogenetic trematodes from the shovelnose guitarfish ,
kheddam , houda ; justine , jean - lou ; tazerouti , fadila ( 2016 ) .
this page was last edited on 16 may 2018 , at 16 : 07 .
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acta parasitologica , vol . 43 , no . 1 , 1998 , 4 - 10
page compiled by aleksander h . kedra . last modification : 15 - 07 - 1998
protocotyle euzetmaillardi n . sp . , des branchies du requin hexanchidae hexanchus nakamurai teng pêché en mer profonde au large de la nouvelle - calédonie , pacifique sud , est décrit . la nouvelle espèce est comparée aux deux autres espèces du genre ( toutes deux de la seule autre espèce de ce genre de requin , h . griseu s ( bonn . ) ) , p . grisea ( cerfontaine , 1899 ) euzet & maillard , 1974 , redécrit à partir de vouchers , and p . taschenbergi ( maillard & oliver , 1966 ) euzet & maillard , 1974 , redécrit à partir des spécimens types . l’anatomie de l’appareil reproducteur est détaillée ; les trois espèces ont un ootype caractéristique avec des cellules longitudinales ( « ootype côtelé » de euzet & maillard ) . la combinaison suivante de caractères , unique , différencie la nouvelle espèce de ses congénères : lobe postérieur de la vésicule séminale absent , diverticule de l’oviducte présent , petit taille corporelle . son ovaire tubulaire ne comprend pas de partie avec sperme , qui est présente chez les deux autres espèces . ses œufs ont un seul filament , alors que les œufs dans l’utérus en ont un ou deux chez p . grisea , et un seul chez p . taschenbergi . ceci diffère des précédents diagnostics génériques de protocotyle , dans lesquels les œufs avec deux filaments et la présence d’un ovaire tubulaire dilaté avec sperme étaient des caractéristiques clés .
cyndie dupoux and sophie olivier participated in the fishing expedition and parasitological survey . the two uninfected sharks were collected during the 2002 chondrical cruise ( head : bernard séret ) and by the aquarium des lagons , nouméa . bernard séret ( mnhn , ird , paris ) identified the sharks from photographs .
( campbell & beveridge , 1993 ) n . comb . ( cestoda , trypanorhyncha ) from hexanchid and carcharhinid sharks off new caledonia .
, 115–122 [ published in russian with english abstract ; original french text communicated by the authors ] .
justine , j . - l . ( 2010 ) . parasites of coral reef fish : how much do we know ? with a bibliography of fish parasites in new caledonia .
taschenberg , o . ( 1879 ) . weitere beiträzur kenntniss ectoparasitischer mariner trematoden .
festschrift zur feier des hundertjärigen bestehens der naturforschenden gesellschaft in halle a / s .
trilles , j . p . , & justine , j . - l . ( 2004 ) . une nouvelle espèce de cymothoidae et trois aegidae ( crustacea , isopoda ) récoltés sur des poissons de mer profonde au large de la nouvelle - calédonie .


eupithecia peregovitsi is a moth in the geometridae family that is endemic to vietnam .

the wingspan is about 25 – 26 millimetres ( 0.98 – 1.02 in ) .

the forewings are pale brown and the hindwings are white .

eupithecia peregovitsi

eupithecia lavicaria fuchs , 1902 ( syn : eupithecia lavicata prout , 1914 ) , described from norway .
ash pug ( angle - barred pug ) ( eupithecia innotata f . fraxinata )
montgomery , sl 1983 . carnivorous caterpillars : the behavior , biogeography and conservation of eupithecia ( lepidoptera : geometridae ) in the hawaiian islands . geojournal 7 ( 6 ) : 549 - 556 . doi : 10 . 1007 / bf00218529
eupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family geometridae . there are hundreds of described species , found in all parts of the world ( 45 in the british isles alone ) , and new species are discovered on a regular basis .
eupithecia species form the bulk of the group commonly known as pugs . they are generally small with muted colours and specific identification can be difficult . as a group they are easily identified by their narrow wings held flat at 90° to the body with the hindwings almost hidden behind the forewings .
the larvae of many species feed on the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage . many species have a very specific food plant . some hawaiian eupithecia are predators of other insects ( e . orichloris , e . staurophragma , e . scoriodes ) . they mimic twigs but when sensitive hairs on their backs are triggered , they quickly grab the insects touching them . the defensive behavior of snapping may have pre - adapted hawaii ' s ancestral eupithecia for shifting to predation from feeding on pollen . also , insect predators that behave in this way are lacking in hawaii ' s fauna .
the larvae of many species feed on the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage . many species have a very specific food plant . some hawai ' ian eupithecia are predators of other insects ( e . orichloris , e . staurophragma , e . scoriodes ) . they mimic twigs but when sensitive hairs on their backs are triggered , they quickly grab the insects touching them . the defensive behavior of snapping may have pre - adapted hawai ' i ' s ancestral eupithecia for shifting to predation from feeding on pollen . also , insect predators that behave in this way are lacking in hawai ' i ' s fauna .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
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and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
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to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !
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underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
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chinery , michael ( 1986 ) . collins guide to the insects of britain and western europe ( reprinted 1991 ) .
skinner , bernard ( 1984 ) . colour identification guide to moths of the british isles .
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biston mediolata ( n . jiang , d . y . xue & h . x . han , 2011 )
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the scarlet finch ( carpodacus sipahi ) is a small passerine bird in the finch family fringillidae .

it is found in the himalayas from central nepal eastwards to vietnam and is found spottily in the adjacent hills of northeast india and southeast asia as far south as thailand .

it is resident in the himalayas , but many birds winter to the immediate south .

its natural habitat is temperate forests .

it was described by the british naturalist brian houghton hodgson in 1836 under the binomial name corythus sipahi .

the species name sipahi comes from the hindi word sipāhi for a soldier .

the scarlet finch was formerly placed in the monotypic genus haematospiza but was moved to the rosefinch genus carpodacus based on the results of molecular phylogenetic studies .

scarlet finch

split gran canaria blue finch from [ tenerife ] blue chaffinch ( sangster et al . 2015 )
clement , p . ( 2018 ) . scarlet finch ( carpodacus sipahi ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
18–19 cm ; 38–42·5 g . medium - sized to large , large - billed and thickset finch with short wings and tail . male has entire head , upperparts and underparts bright . . .
przevalski ' s finch , previously called pink - tailed rosefinch , is a relict member of an ancient separate lineage that is as old as , or older than other families of finches ; it belongs in its own monotypic family urocynchramidae , with a name change ( groth 2000 , päckert et al . 2016 )
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ioc _ names _ file _ plus - 8 . 2g : 8 . 2
classification of fringillidae revised for v3 . 3 ; see especially zuccon et al . 2012
europe ( except british isles , sardinia ) to c asia , w , n turkey , c and e caucasus and nw iran .
( zuccon et al . 2012 , cf kirwan & gregory 2005 , bli , hbw )
( tietze et al . 2013 , cf rasmussen & anderton 2005 , ioc 3 . 5 ) . restore english name to great rosefinch
has priority for species name . change english name to pink - rumped rosefinch ( hbw , clements , h & m 3 )
( wu et al . 2011 , tietze et al . 2013 ; cf collar 2004 )
hawaiian honeycreepers resequenced following pratt 2005 , lerner et al . 2011 ; see also nacc 2015 . needs review of oversplit genera .
island populations of the akepa are recognized as separate species ( nacc 2015 - b - 4c ) ; add island name ( hawaii ) to akepa .
based on lerner et al . ( 2011 ) phylogeny ; see also pratt 2005 .
, is preoccupied by a subspecies of greater akialoa . that conflict no longer exists with placement of kauai amakihi in
( arnaiz - villena et al . 1999 , nguembock et al . 2009 , zuccon et al . 2012 )
( tschusi , 1901 ) as a synonym . permanently invalid . dickinson & christidis , 2014 .
( arnaiz - villena et al . 1999 , nguembock et al . 2009 , zuccon et al . 2012 , nacc )
recognized by bou ( ottvall et al . 2002 , marthinsen et al . 2008 )
pending future analyses ( knox 2001 , ottvall et al . 2002 , marthinsen et al . 2008 , mason & taylor 2015 , bou , h & m4 , nacc 2017 - b - 7 )
se siberia , ne china , korea , sakhalin and kuril is . and japan
( weir and schluter 2004 , smith et al . 2005 ; nacc 2017 - c - 5 )
preliminary genetics suggest that megaplaga and leucoptera are sisters and that bifasciata should be split to avoid paraphyly ( parchman et al . 2007 ) . see also elmberg 1993 re song differences
taczanowski , 1879 as a synonym . permanently invalid . dickinson & christidis , 2014 .
( zuccon et al . 2012 , also arnaiz - villena et al . 1999 , nguembock et al . 2009 , ryan et al . 2004 )
sa : n colombia to trinidad and the guianas , south to n argentina , se brazil , e paraguay .
from thraupidae to a new monotypic family rhodinocichlidae , which follows calcariidae ( barker et al . 2013 , 2015 ; nacc 2017 - b - 6 ) . eng [ 8 . 1 ] = lower case ' tanager '
previously separated in monospecific haematospiza , but moved here based on genetic data # r . monotypic .
uttarakhand , and c nepal e to bhutan and ne india ( e arunachal pradesh , and assam s to meghalaya and lushai hills ) , s & se china ( se xizang and w & s yunnan ) and w & ne myanmar ; in winter also nw thailand , n laos and nw vietnam ( w tonkin ) .
song a clear and liquid , upslurred
par - ree - reeeeeee
. call a loud
too - eee
,
pleeau
or
kwee - i - . . .
variety of seeds , buds , berries , and occasionally small insects . plants exploited include raspberry (
season may–jul . nest a large or bulky cup of twigs , plant fibres , roots and grasses , placed 7–12 m above ground in fork of tree . . .
not well known . partial or altitudinal migrant . moves between nov and mid - may to lower levels in . . .
not globally threatened . generally uncommon to scarce ; fairly common in w & c parts of range . precise extent of breeding range in himalayas poorly known ; may reach w in . . .
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forms three well - defined subfamilies # r , including euphoniinae , previously placed in thraupidae . also includes drepanidini , sometimes treated as a separate family ( as in hbw ) , but here considered merely a tribe of carduelinae . extensive phylogenetic data available , and comparatively few species remain wholly unscreened ; nonetheless , study of internal relationships has been confounded by recurring plumage patterns and use of similar feeding niches by taxa that prove to be far from closely related .
previously considered to include species now in agraphospiza , procarduelis and haemorhous ( see all three , below ) ; now in different tribes . as traditionally constituted , was extensively polyphyletic , and in response now restricted to old world species . in order to resolve paraphyly , present genus expanded to incorporate : two monospecific genera considered basal within this lineage , chaunoproctus ( † carpodacus ferreorostris ) and haematospiza # r ; three other monospecific genera , kozlowia , uragus and pyrrhospiza # r # r ; one species from leucosticte # r ; and one hitherto placed in pinicola or propyrrhula ( as in hbw ) # r # r . some authors have isolated c . erythrinus in erythrina # r .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as scarce or uncommon ( clement 1999 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats .
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arends 's golden mole ( carpitalpa arendsi ) is a species of mammal in the family chrysochloridae .

it is found in mozambique and zimbabwe .

its natural habitats are temperate forests , subtropical or tropical dry forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , temperate grassland , subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland , arable land , pastureland , plantations , rural gardens , urban areas , and introduced vegetation .

it is threatened by habitat loss .

it is the only species in the genus carpitalpa .

it was elevated from the genus chlorotalpa .

it was first described by lundholm , who named it for nicolas arends , taxidermist at the kaffrarian museum ( now the amathole museum , in king william 's town , south africa ) who captured the specimen .

arends ' s golden mole

juliana’s golden mole ( neamblysomus julianae ) is a golden mole endemic to south africa . it is listed as an endangered species due to habitat loss and a restricted range . golden moles are an ancient group of mammals that live mostly below ground .
the species occurs in the inyanga highlands of eastern zimbabwe between latitudes 18° s and 20° s , and altitudes of 850–2 , 000 m , with a marginal intrusion into the vila perey district of western mozambique .
they have shiny coats of dense fur and a streamlined , formless appearance . they have no visible eyes or ears ; in fact , they are blind - the small eyes are covered with hairy skin . the ears are small and are hidden in the animal ' s fur . juliana ' s golden mole weighs 21–75 g ( 0 . 75–2 . 7
van zyl ' s golden mole ( cryptochloris zyli ) is a golden mole endemic to the western cape province , south africa . it is listed as an endangered species due to habitat loss . golden moles are an ancient group of mammals who live mostly below ground . they have shiny coats of dense fur and a streamlined , formless appearance . they have no visible eyes or ears ; in fact , they are blind – the small eyes are covered with hairy skin . the ears are small and are hidden in the animal ' s fur . [ 2 ]
van zyl ' s golden mole was initially known only from compagnies drift , 16 km ( 9 . 9 mi ) inland from lambert ' s bay , northwestern cape province , south africa . another specimen was collected at groenriviermond , approximately 150 km ( 93 mi ) farther north along the namaqualand coast , in 2003 . van zyl ' s golden mole is threatened by continued loss of habitat . for example , mining of coastal dunes for alluvial diamonds could lead to habitat degradation . habitat alteration associated with tourism developments along the west coast could also pose a problem for this species . the international union for conservation of nature now rates this species as
endangered
. [ 1 ]
chrysochloris asiatica cape golden mole adult , showing the digging claw , absence of external eye and a hint of the iridescence of the fur . the rhinarium is not obvious in this photograph
it lives in the coastal dune belt and adjacent sandy areas . usually two young are born , sometimes one . van zyl ' s golden mole eats various invertebrates , as well as legless lizards , which grow to a length of about 20 cm ( 8
) . the young of golden moles are born in a grass - lined cavity in the ground . they usually dig their tunnels just below the ground . [ 2 ]
of the 21 species of golden mole , no fewer than 11 are threatened with extinction . the primary causes are sand mining , poor agricultural practices , increasing urbanisation , and predation by domestic cats and dogs .
. where it occurs , juliana’s golden mole can be locally common . however , its occurrence is extremely patchy within its limited geographic range . there are no data on population size . the population on bronberg ridge , pretoria east , is severely affected by ongoing intensive urbanization and a mining operation , and it is considered to be critically endangered . the nylsvley population in limpopo occurs in farmlands ( adjoining the nylsvley nature reserve ) that are subject to habitat alteration and potential degradation . another threat is habitat fragmentation which causes obstruction to animal movement ; this results in in - breeding which increases the possible risk of extinction . the
van zyl ' s golden mole is about 80–90 mm ( 3–3 . 5
) long and weighs about 20–30 g ( 0 . 71–1 . 06 oz ) . the face has white markings . the dorsal fur is short and dense and is a dark lead - grey colour , the under - layer of fur being pale grey . the underparts are a uniform drab colour . the claw on the third digit on the forefoot is about 10 mm ( 0 . 4 in ) long and 4 mm ( 0 . 2 in ) wide at the base . claw one and two are slightly shorter making a pointed digging tool . [ 2 ]
golden moles are small , insectivorous burrowing mammals endemic to southern africa , where their afrikaans names are gouemolle or kruipmolle ( singular gouemol or kruipmol ) . they comprise the family chrysochloridae and as such they are taxonomically distinct from the true moles , family talpidae , and other mole - like families , all of which , to various degrees , they resemble as a result of evolutionary convergence .
it is confined to sandy soils , often pockets along weathered rocky ridges of quartzite or granite . it is also common in well - irrigated gardens . usually two young are born , sometimes one . golden moles eat
most other species construct both foraging superficial burrows and deeper permanent burrows for residence . residential burrows are relatively complex in form , and may penetrate as far as a metre below ground and include deep chambers for use as bolt - holes , and other chambers as latrines . they push excavated soil up to the surface as mole - hills , or compact it into the tunnel walls . they feed on small insects and earthworms or small vertebrates such as lizards or burrowing snakes . they depend on their sense of hearing to locate much of their prey , and the cochleas of a number of golden mole species have been found to be long and highly coiled , which may indicate a greater ecological dependence on low frequency auditory cues than we see in talpid moles . [ 5 ]
such as insects , earthworms and snails . their young are born in a grass - lined cavity in the ground . golden moles usually dig their tunnels just below the surface of the ground . the main feeding activity is in the late afternoon and at night . they exhibit
most species of chrysochloridae live almost exclusively underground in their respectively preferred environments , beneath either grassveld , forest , swamps , deserts , or mountainous terrain . however , chrysospalax species tend to forage above ground in leaf litter in forests or in meadows . eremitalpa species such as grant ' s golden mole live in the sandy namib desert , where they cannot form tunnels because the sand collapses . instead during the day , when they must seek shelter , they literally swim through the loose sand , using their broad claws to paddle , and dive down some 50 cm to where it is bearably cool . there they enter a state of torpor , thus conserving energy . [ 4 ] at night they emerge to forage on the surface rather than wasting energy shifting sand . their main prey are termites that live under isolated grass clumps , and they might travel for 6 kilometres a night in search of food . they seek promising clumps by listening for wind - rustled grass - root stresses and termites ' head - banging alarm signals , neither of which can be heard easily above ground , so they stop periodically and dip their heads under the sand to listen . [ 4 ]
like most burrowing mammals with similar habits , the chrysochloridae have short legs with powerful digging claws , very dense fur that repels dirt and moisture , and toughened skin , particularly on the head . their eyes are non - functional and covered with furred skin . the external ears are just tiny openings . in particular , golden moles bear a remarkable resemblance to the marsupial moles of australia , family notoryctidae , which they resemble so suggestively that at one time , the marsupial / placental divide not withstanding , some workers argued that they were related . considerations that influenced the debate might have included the view that the chrysochloridae are very primitive placentals and the fact that they have many mole - like specializations similar to specializations in marsupial moles . the rhinarium is a greatly enlarged , dry leathery pad that protects their nostrils while the animal digs . in this respect too , they resemble the marsupial moles . some authors claim that their primary sense is that of touch , and they are particularly sensitive to vibrations that may indicate approaching danger . [ 3 ] note below however , the observations on the malleus in the middle ear .
the taxonomy of the chrysochloridae is undergoing a review in the light of new genetic information . they have traditionally been listed with the shrews , hedgehogs and a grab - bag of small , difficult - to - place creatures as part of the order insectivora . some authorities retain this classification , at least for the time being . others group the golden moles with the tenrecs in a new order , which is sometimes known as tenrecomorpha , while others call it afrosoricida and reserve tenrecomorpha for the family tenrecidae .
at one time the chrysochloridae were regarded as primitive . supporting arguments included : that they were thought to have originated in gondwana , that they had a low resting metabolic rate , and that they could switch off thermoregulation when inactive . furthermore , like the tenrecs , they possess a cloaca , and males lack a scrotum . however , such points are no longer regarded as strongly suggestive that golden moles are undeveloped
reptilian mammals
; some are seen rather as adaptations to regional climatic conditions . going into a torpor when resting or during cold weather , enables them to conserve energy and reduce urgent requirements for food . similarly , they have developed particularly efficient kidneys and most species do not need to drink water at all ; in fact they tend to drown easily if they fall into water .
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monotypic . lundholm ( 1955 ) described this taxon as a subgenus of chlorotalpa , as well as the subgenus kilimatalpa for c . stuhlmanni from east africa . simonetta ( 1968 ) elevated carpitalpa to generic rank to include kilimatalpa . meester ( 1974 ) instead assigned c . arendsi to chlorotalpa and c . stuhlmanni to chrysochloris , commenting that differences between the chlorotalpa species did not warrant subgeneric separation . phylogenetic analyses of morphometric data ( bronner 1995 ) , and recent phylogenetic analyses based on both morphological and genetic data ( asher et al . 2010 ) confirm that c . arendsi has diverged considerably from the chlorotalpa species and chrysochloris ( kilimatalpa ) stuhlmanni , necessitating its allocation to a distinct genus ,
. habitat alteration / degradation as a result of political instability and poorly - managed land transformation initiatives in eastern zimbabwe , together with limited policing and management of conservation areas ( particularly nyanga national park , which includes much of this species range ) , have resulted in rapid and extensive environmental damage from annual wildfires that destroy its preferred forest habitats and local biodiversity ; uncontrolled timber harvesting ; overgrazing by cattle and poaching . habitat modifications are thus inferred to be major potential threats to the survival of this species , given its restricted range , and are reasons to confirm its vulnerable status .
favours loamy soils in montane grasslands and the fringes of rainforests , but is dependent on areas with less cover ( lundholm 1955 ) , and does not penetrate deep into forests ( smithers and lobao - tello 1976 , smithers and wilson 1979 ) . also common in cultivated lands and gardens .
habitat modifications associated with political instability and poorly - managed land transformation initiatives in zimbabwe , together with limited conservation management in protected areas , an increase in the frequency and intensity of wildfires , uncontrolled timber harvesting and overgrazing by livestock are likely to be major threats . the extent and intensity thereof , and impacts on this species , are not well documented . predation by domestic cats and dogs probably represents a more localized threat .
occurs in the following conservation areas : nyanga national park ; mtarazi falls national park ; chimanimani national park ; vumba botanical reserve ; and bunga forest reserve . however , recent reports suggest that baseline management and policing of these conservation areas has collapsed owing to political and economic instability , leading to habitat alteration associated with uncontrolled wildfires , overgrazing by cattle and poaching , so the extent of protection these areas afford is uncertain .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
jonathan kingdon ; david happold ; thomas butynski ; michael hoffmann ; meredith happold ; jan kalina ( 2013 ) .
. in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m .
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( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . p . 79 .
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the species range in size from about 8 to about 20 cm . they have muscular shoulders and the forelimbs are radically adapted for digging ; all the toes on the forefeet have been reduced , except for a large , pick - like third claw on the third toe . the fifth digit is absent and the first and fourth digits are vestigial . the adaptations of the hind feet are less dramatic , they retain all five toes and are webbed as an adaptation to efficient backward shovelling of soil loosened by the front claws .
some species also have hypertrophied middle ear ossicles , in particular the malleus , which apparently is adapted towards the detection of seismic vibrations . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] in this respect there is some apparent convergent evolution to burrowing reptiles in the family amphisbaenidae .
females give birth to one to three hairless young in a grass - lined nest within the burrow system . breeding occurs throughout the year . the adults are solitary , and their burrowing territory may be aggressively defended from intruders , especially where resources are relatively scarce . [ 3 ]
( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . pp . 77–81 .
crumpton , nick ; kardjilov , nikolay ; asher , robert j . ( 2015 - 08 - 01 ) .
mason , matthew j . ; narins , peter m . ( 2001 - 01 - 01 ) .
seismic signal use by fossorial mammals
.