the tabulate corals , forming the order tabulata , are an extinct form of coral .

they are almost always colonial , forming colonies of individual hexagonal cells known as corallites defined by a skeleton of calcite , similar in appearance to a honeycomb .

adjacent cells are joined by small pores .

their distinguishing feature is their well-developed horizontal internal partitions ( tabulae ) within each cell , but reduced or absent vertical internal partitions ( septae ) .

they are usually smaller than rugose corals , but vary considerably in shape , from flat to conical to spherical .

around 300 species have been described .

among the most common tabulate corals in the fossil record are aulopora , favosites , halysites , heliolites , pleurodictyum , sarcinula and syringopora .

tabulate corals with massive skeletons often contain endobiotic symbionts , such as cornulitids and chaetosalpinx .

like rugose corals , they lived entirely during the paleozoic , being found from the ordovician to the permian .

with stromatoporoidea and rugose corals , the tabulate corals are characteristic of the shallow waters of the silurian and devonian .

sea levels rose in the devonian , and tabulate corals became much less common .

they finally became extinct in the permian – triassic extinction event .

tabulata

university of california museum of paleontology , 1994 , introduction to the tabulata : urltoken ( 4 / 12 / 00 ) .
what made you want to look up tabulata ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
hill , dorothy , 1981 , coelenterata , anthozoa , subclasses rugosa and tabulata ; in , treatise on invertebrate paleontology , coelenterata , supplement 1 ( rugosa and tabulata ) , part f , v . 1 - 2 , teichert , c . , ed . : boulder , colorado and lawrence , kansas , geological society of america and the university of kansas , 762 p .
animals found as fossils in ordovician to jurassic marine rocks ( 488 million to 146 million years old ) . tabulata is characterized by the presence of interior platforms , or tabulae , and by a general lack of vertical walls , or septa . colonial masses of these tabulate corals sometimes
taxonomic classification : corals belong to the kingdom animalia , phylum cnidaria , class anthozoa , subclass zoantharia . the subclass is divided into six orders , two of which - - the rugosa and tabulata - - are common kansas fossils . most living and post - paleozoic fossil corals belong to a third order , the scleractinia , the earliest fossils of which are from the triassic period , 14 million years after the end - permian mass extinction .
tabulates , subclass or order tabulata , are extinct corals of anthozoans . tabulates , unlike rugosans , were always colonial organisms . they have simple calcareous skeleton , colonies consisting of prismatic or tube - like corallites communicating by mural pores or pore channels or tunnels . polyps lived inside corallites as chambers with base - like tabulae below and septal spines or laminar septa on sides protruding from the corallite wall . tabulate corals are taxonomically complicated because of their simplicity . favositids are characterized by closely packed corallites with mural - pores and their morphology is so variable that it differs even within a colony . heliolitids are more complicated because of their coenenchymal tissue between corallites , which consists of tiny tubes - tubuli or wavy dissepiments . halysitids are similar with having often coenenchyme , but their corallites are enclosed into ranks of various shape and size . syringoporids form fasciculate colonies consisting of tubes having little space around and being connected by pore tunnels . auloporids are reptant forms encrusting other organisms , as a small horny network .
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tabulate corals occurred in the ordovician period of america and siberia , much earlier than in baltoscandia . the first appearances of tabulates lyopora , eoflecheria , saffordophyllum and protaraea in baltica are known from the level of the oandu stage . estonia is rich in ordovician and silurian tabulates , which are easy to find in localities of hiiumaa , vormsi and saaremaa . quarries in mainland are nice places to observe tabulates in their living position .
tabulates are large , but their finer taxonomy is observed only from peels and thin - sections . normally pair of thin - sections is made from transverse and vertical directions of colony growth . peel is an acetate replica from the polished and etched surface of the colony cut . thin - sections are thin pieces of colonies , clued to glass and grinded down until 50 microns . their scanned and photographed images are investigated later by using different software .
tabulates are sessile organisms which preferred only shallow seas and are not mush useful in stratigraphy . they were spread on ancient oceans sporadically or formed bioherms or biostromes . together with strtomatoporoids , rugosans and other fossils in the same community , they are informative in palaeoecology . sedimentological processes are readable also from the shape and growth details of such organisms .
. new endobiotic cornulitid and cornulites sp . aff . cornulites celatus ( cornulitida , tentaculita ) from the katian of vormsi island , estonia
. 10th international symposium on fossil cnidaria and porifera . excursion b2 : lower paleozoic geology and corals of estonia . excursion guidebook
. morphological variation of the tabulate coral paleofavosites cf . collatatus klaamann , 1961 from the silurian of the bagovichka river localities , podolia ( ukraine )
. heliolitine corals of the upper douro formation ( upper silurian ) , canadian arctic islands .
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tabulate corals were common from the ordovician to the permian . very recently , a lower
, has been found in south australia ; it appears to be a tabulate coral , although this is not absolutely certain . if it is a true tabulate , this find extends the history of tabulate corals considerably . ( sorauf and savarese , 1995 )
, as seen on this large specimen . most tabulates were colonial , with some forming substantial reefs .
, went extinct at the end of the permian , about 245 million years ago , victims of the heaviest mass extinction ever .
source : sorauf , j . e . and savarese , m . 1995 . a lower cambrian coral from south australia . palaeontology 38 ( 4 ) : 757 - 770 .
gibraltar remains , neanderthal fossils and associated materials found at gibraltar , on the southern tip of spain . the gibraltar limestone is riddled with natural caves , many of which were at times occupied by neanderthals during the late pleistocene epoch ( approximately 126 , 000 to 11 , 700 years…
triassic period , in geologic time , the first period of the mesozoic era . it began 252 million years ago , at the close of the permian period , and ended 201 million years ago , when it was succeeded by the jurassic period . the triassic period marked the beginning of major changes that were to take…
jurassic period , second of three periods of the mesozoic era . extending from 201 . 3 million to 145 million years ago , it immediately followed the triassic period ( 251 . 9 million to 201 . 3 million years ago ) and was succeeded by the cretaceous period ( 145 million to 66 million years ago ) . the morrison…
kabwe cranium , fossilized skull of an extinct human species ( genus homo ) found near the town of kabwe , zambia ( formerly broken hill , northern rhodesia ) , in 1921 . it was the first discovered remains of premodern homo in africa and until the early 1970s was considered to be 30 , 000 to 40 , 000 years…
paleozoic era , major interval of geologic time that began 541 million years ago with the cambrian explosion , an extraordinary diversification of marine animals , and ended about 252 million years ago with the end - permian extinction , the greatest extinction event in earth history . the major divisions…
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like the rugose corals , the tabulate corals are entirely palaeozoic and are similar in range . they occur as colonial forms only , and usuallly have small corallites . there are generally no septae , or they are very small ; the construction is simpler than in other coral orders .
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description : corals are simple animals that secrete skeletons made of calcium carbonate . they are close relatives of sea anemones and jellyfish and are the main reef builders in modern oceans . corals can be either colonial or solitary .
as fossils , corals are found worldwide in sedimentary rocks . based on these fossils , we know that the corals began their long evolutionary history in the middle cambrian , over 510 million years ago . in kansas , they are fairly common in pennsylvanian and permian rocks , deposited from about 315 to 250 million years ago .
corals are simple animals , characterized by their radial symmetry and lack of well - developed organs . the polyp , the soft part of the coral , is essentially a small digestive sack made up of an inner and outer wall , separated by a gelatinous layer ( see diagram ) . the mouth , surrounded by stinging tentacles , forms an opening through which food enters and waste products are expelled . the hard external skeleton is secreted by the polyp ' s outer wall . these calcium carbonate structures are the part of the animal most likely to be preserved as a fossil .
a , generalized drawing of a coral polyp ; b , cross section of simple polyp .
shows the structure of the hard parts that protected the individual polyps and formed the framework of the colony . the drawing shows the pores on the surface , from which the polyps extended their tentacles to feed ; the photographed specimen is from the
douglas county ( drawing by al kamb , ku natural history museum , invertebrate paleontology ) .
corals live attached to the seafloor and feed by trapping small animals with their tentacles . they reproduce both sexually and asexually . budding , a kind of asexual reproduction , occurs when the parent polyp splits off new polyps . evidence of budding can be seen in fossil corals .
modern corals inhabit deep - water environments as well as shallow reefs . based on evidence from the rocks , scientists have determined that the pennsylvanian and permian corals of kansas lived in warm , shallow , sunlit waters where the bottom was firm enough to offer a secure point of attachment .
although corals are the main reef builders in modern oceans , not all corals build reefs . in addition to the corals , which are called framework organisms , other organisms contribute to the formation of reefs . for example , modern reefs are inhabited by binding organisms ( such as encrusting algae ) and filler organisms ( such as snails , bivalves , and sponges ) , whose skeletons fill in the spaces in the reef after death .
two groups of corals were important inhabitants of the pennsylvanian and permian seas - - tabulate and rugose corals . tabulate corals were exclusively colonial and produced calcium carbonate skeletons in a variety of shapes : moundlike , sheetlike , chainlike , or branching . tabulate corals get their name from horizontal internal partitions known as tabulae . some tabulate corals were probably reef builders ( but not in kansas ) .
a common characteristic of rugose corals , from which they get their name , is the wrinkled appearance of their outer surface . ( rugose comes from the latin word for wrinkled . ) rugose corals may be either solitary or colonial . because solitary rugose corals are commonly shaped like a horn , these fossils are sometimes called horn corals .
both tabulate and rugose corals died out in the major extinction that occurred at the end of the permian period , roughly 250 million years ago . this extinction marked the end of the paleozoic era . the corals that inhabited the post - paleozoic seas differ significantly from the earlier corals . because of this , many specialists argue that these later corals may not be closely related to the paleozoic corals .
tabulate and rugose corals are common in eastern kansas . rugose corals are especially common in the beil limestone member of the lecompton limestone in the vicinity of sedan , kansas .
boardman , richard s . , cheetham , alan h . , and rowell , albert j . , 1987 , fossil invertebrates : boston , blackwell scientific publications , 713 p .
clarkson , e . n . k . , 1979 , invertebrate palaeontology and evolution , 3rd edition : london , chapman and hall , 434 p .
fortey , richard , 1999 , life - - a natural history of the first four billion years of life on earth : new york , knopf , 346 p .
johnson , kirk b . , and stuckey , richard k . , 1995 , prehistoric journey - - a history of life on earth : boulder , colorado , denver museum of natural history and roberts rinehart publishers , 144 p .
moore , raymond c . , lalicker , cecil g . , and fischer , alfred g . , 1952 , invertebrate fossils : new york , mcgraw - hill book co . , 766 p .
stanley , george d . , jr . , and fautin , daphne g . , 2001 , the origins of modern corals : science , v . 291 , p . 1913 - 14 .
university of california museum of paleontology , 1994 , introduction to the scleractinia : urltoken ( 4 / 12 / 00 ) .
university of newcastle , department of geology , 1998 , rugose and tabulate corals : urltoken ( dec / 24 / 03 ) .
text by liz brosius , kansas geological survey . drawing of rugose coral at top of page by alan kamb , ku natural history museum , invertebrate paleontology . other illustrations by jennifer sims , kansas geological survey ; photographs by john charlton , kansas geological survey .
kansas geological survey updated april 26 , 2005 website terms of use comments to webadmin @ urltoken http : / / www . urltoken / extension / fossils / coral . html
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a review of the cactus bugs of the genus chelinidea with the description of a new species ( hemiptera : coreidae ) herring j . l . 1980 . proc . ent . soc . wash . 82 : 237 - 251 .
the principal cactus insects of the united states . hunter et al . 1912 . usda bureau of entomology bulletin . 71 pp .
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the shovelnose sea catfish ( arius subrostratus ) , also called the short-nosed catfish or the marine catfish , is a species of sea catfish in the family ariidae .

it was described by achille valenciennes in 1840 .

it is a non-migratory species which inhabits tropical marine and brackish waters in the indo-western pacific region , including indonesia , india , pakistan , the philippines and thailand .

it dwells at a depth range of 0 to 20 m ( 0 to 66 ft ) .

it reaches a maximum ng length of 39.5 cm ( 15.6 in ) , while commonly reaching a total length of 12 cm ( 4.7 in ) .

the diet of the shovelnose sea catfish includes detritus , polychaete worms , diatoms , algal weeds , and various crustaceans .

it has been recorded spawning between the months of january-april and september-october in india .

males incubate the eggs in their mouths .

the shovelnose sea catfish is of commercial value to fisheries ; it is mostly marketed fresh .

shovelnose sea catfish

the etiology of s . algae infections to freshwater fish ( tiger shovelnose catfish ) is unknown . 2 according to literature , s . algae could cause an infection to both marine animals 3 and freshwater fish . based on the gross findings and histopathology , this tiger shovelnose catfish was diagnosed with fibrinous serositis caused by s . algae infection .
the shovelnose catfish can be recognised by its forked tail , wide mouth and truncate snout . it usually has a smaller eye than the similar looking silver cobbler , ariopsis midgleyi * .
use the table to access images and fact sheets of the ariid fishes on the site . these include the forktail catfishes , salmon - catfishes and sea catfishes .
these fish are not aggressive . people stung by catfish are usually fishing or bathing when they make contact with a catfish , usually by stepping on it or handling the fish after it has been caught .
opt for yellow snapper or domestic catfish to get the same texture as orange roughy in your recipes .
stick with domestic , farm - raised catfish . it ' s responsibly farmed and plentiful , making it one of the best fish you can eat . or , try asian carp , an invasive species with a similar taste to catfish that ' s out - competing wild catfish and endangering the great lakes ecosystem .
both salt - and fresh - water catfish are dangerous . each has three spines and a stinging apparatus .
shewanella algae is a gram - negative , rod - shaped , motile bacillus with a single polar flagellum . s . algae is found in warm marine environments throughout the world , and is isolated from seawater . 1 the tiger shovelnose catfish ( pseudoplatystoma tigrinum ) is the member of the genus pseudoplatystoma and the family pimelodidae which belongs to the class actinopterygii . pseudoplatystoma species are all large , boldly striped or spotted catfishes , they are familiar due to their distinctively marked color patterns . 2 here we described the histopathologic lesions of fibrinous peritonitis caused by s . algae in tiger shovelnose catfish .
mild - tasting wild - caught asian or atlantic sea bass is a good , seafood - watch recommended alternative to red snapper , or look for the farm - raised version , marketed as barramundi .
catfish are often found in muddy rivers , lakes , and on beaches in tropical , subtropical , and temperate waters .
if you really love caviar , opt for fish eggs from american lake sturgeon or american hackleback / shovelnose sturgeon caviar from the mississippi river system ; check out california caviar which sources only sustainably harvested fish eggs .
3 . mulvany e , lawler df , evans rh . peritonitis secondary to multiple , full - thickness jejunal wall perforations in a california sea lion . pmmc case rep mar mamm pathol . 2010 ; 1 : 1–9 .
medically reviewed by avrom simon , md ; board certified preventative medicine with subspecialty in occupational medicine references : jama . com . catfish stings .
catfish are a distinctive type of fish that have whiskers protruding from the area around the mouth . they also have external spines near their fins .
“these guys have to stay on the list , ” says cufone . “if there’s nothing else to pay attention to , know this : imported fish are almost never inspected for filth . ” nearly 90 percent of the catfish imported to the u . s . comes from vietnam , where use of antibiotics that are banned in the u . s . is widespread . ( antibiotic use is also a problem with imported shrimp ) . furthermore , the two varieties of vietnamese catfish sold in the u . s . , swai and basa , aren ' t technically considered catfish by the federal government and therefore aren ' t held to the same inspection rules that other imported catfish are .
a male , tiger shovelnose catfish raised in hanwha aqua planet jeju was submitted to the pathology department of veterinary medicine , jeju national university . necropsy was performed and visceral organs were fixed with 10 % neutral buffered formalin and prepared into paraffin sections and stained with hematoxylin & eosin for light microscopy . fibrinous materials of visceral surface were aseptically collected for bacterial culture , and were inoculated on sheep blood agar and anaerobically incubated for 48 h at 37°c . isolated bacteria were confirmed using vitek 2 system .
2 . buitrago - suárez ua , burr bm . taxonomy of the catfish genus pseudoplatystoma bleeker ( siluriformes : pimelodidae ) with recognition of eight species . zootaxa . 2007 ; 1512 : 1–38 .
pain associated with a catfish sting may be relieved with one to two acetaminophen ( tylenol ) every four hours and / or one to two ibuprofen ( motrin , advil ) every six to eight hours .
chilean sea bass , the commercial name for patagonian toothfish , was nearly fished to commercial extinction , are still considered a fish to avoid . fish stocks are in such bad shape that the nonprofit greenpeace estimates that , unless people stop eating this fish , the entire species could be commercially extinct within five years . food and water watch ' s guide notes that these fish are high in mercury , as well .
problems associated with our eating too many sharks happen at all stages of the food chain , says cufone . for one , these predatory fish are extremely high in mercury , which poses threats to humans . but ocean ecosystems suffer , too .
with fewer sharks around , the species they eat , like cownose rays and jellyfish , have increased in numbers ,
cufone says .
and the rays are eating—and depleting—scallops and other fish .
there are fewer of those fish in the oceans for us to eat , placing an economic strain on coastal communities that depend on those fisheries . shark have long lives , they mature late , and they only have one pup at a time . sometimes they are cut up and sold as sea scallops , says cufone . plus , “if you see sea scallops that are a uniform size and shape , you may be looking at shark . ” shark - finning is illegal in the u . s . , but its practice in other areas is causing devastation in shark - populations worldwide .
oral antibiotics are usually recommended for catfish stings that become infected . antibiotics should be taken if infection develops for at least five days after all signs of infection have resolved . potential drug allergies should be checked prior to starting any antibiotic . a doctor can recommend the appropriate antibiotic . some antibiotics can cause sensitivity to the sun , so a sunscreen ( at least spf 15 ) is also recommended for use with such antibiotics .
grossly , the catfish had severe damage on the fin and tail . a turbid , sticky , dark - red fluid was found in the abdominal cavity . histopathologically , diffuse fibrinous peritonitis in the serosa of the spleen and kidney was observed . diffuse , fibrinous epicarditis was presented in the heart . large amount of the intra - lesional bacterial colonies were adhere on the serosa of the spleen , kidney , and pericardium of the heart . in bacterial examination , gram - negative rod shaped bacterial colonies were successfully isolated from blood agar plate . the isolated bacteria were mucoid colonies with β hemolysis on blood agar . these bacteria were confirmed as s . algae by the vitek 2 system .
greek , arios , areios = dealing with mars , warlike , bellicose ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; brackish ; demersal ; non - migratory ; depth range 0 - 20 m ( ref . 43081 ) . tropical
indo - west pacific : pakistan east to thailand then south to the philippines and indonesia .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 39 . 5 cm ng male / unsexed ; ( ref . 43081 ) ; common length : 12 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 3290 )
found in marine waters , as well as estuaries and tidal rivers , at times burrowed in the soft mud of the mangroves . feed mainly on invertebrates . males incubate the eggs in the buccal cavity ( ref . 43081 ) . the sharp dorsal and pectoral fin spines can inflict painful wounds . also caught with dipnets and set bagnets . sold mostly fresh .
jayaram , k . c . , 1984 . ariidae . in w . fischer and g . bianchi ( eds . ) fao species identification sheets for fishery purposes . western indian ocean fishing area 51 . vol . 1 . fao , rome . pag . var . ( ref . 3290 )
) : 27 . 4 - 29 . 3 , mean 28 . 7 ( based on 1689 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00871 ( 0 . 00545 - 0 . 01393 ) , b = 2 . 95 ( 2 . 82 - 3 . 08 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & ( sub ) family - body ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 2 . 8 ±0 . 31 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : low , minimum population doubling time 4 . 5 - 14 years ( fec = 25 - 35 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 52 of 100 ) .
valenciennes in cuvier & valenciennes , 1840b : 62 . type locality : malabar , india . holotype : mnhn 1190 .
countries : pakistan , india , sri lanka , thailand , singapore , indonesia and philippines .
material examined : usnm 297119 ( 2 al , 271 - 300 mm tl ) , sri lanka , negombo , ceylon .
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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this species is endemic to australia , occurring from the roper river , northern territory to cape york peninsula , queensland . its distribution is disjunct from that of the silver cobbler , which occurs in more westerly drainages including the victoria , katherine , daly , ord and kimberley as well as northern waterways such as the alligator river .
immerse the affected area in water as hot as is tolerable usually relieves pain from a sting .
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1 college of veterinary medicine , jeju national university , jeju , korea ; 2 aqua planet jeju , hanhwa hotel & resort co . , ltd . , jeju , korea
1 . holt hm , gahrn - hansen b , bruun b . shewanella algae and shewanella putrefaciens : clinical and microbiological characteristics . clin microbiol infect . 2005 ; 11 : 347–352 .
won - hee hong aqua planet jeju hanhwa hotel & resort co . , ltd . jeju , korea
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this dirty dozen list is made up of the least sustainable , or even toxic , species .
it was not long ago that americans rarely thought about where their food came from , let alone the impacts of their choices . these days it’s increasingly important to know not only what you’re eating and where it’s come from . from food co - ops , farmers markets , and community supported agriculture ( csa ) , to whole aisles ( and grocery stores ) devoted to natural , organic , local and sustainable produce—americans and legal protections have quickly evolved to begin averting the worst problems of industrial agriculture . so though the journey to a healthy sustainable terrestrial food system is far from over , it is well underway .
seafood , however , is more slippery . “that’s because it’s the ‘last of the buffalo hunters , ” when it comes to seafood says joe lasprogata , vice president of samuels and son seafood co . “the oceans are in some ways the last source of truly wild products , and we need to be careful with those . ” samuels and son sponsors sustained seas , an organization dedicated to promoting sustainable fisheries via labeling and education . part of the reason fisheries are in trouble is that consumers didn’t know the impacts of their choices .
lasprogata says , “for way too long there’s been this surprising attitude : fishermen believed that fisheries belonged to them , and that has led to collapse , over and over again . there was no care , no stewardship . but fisheries can absolutely be sustainable . ” that confusion has continued to spill over into consumer behavior , since some people still make fish - buying decisions based on taste , price , and texture—rather than perceived sustainability , according to a recent study on british columbian consumer habits .
but it’s extremely important to think about where the fish comes from , because those factors affect not only your health , but also the future of wild fish stocks , which we and countless other species depended on for our survival . “there are lots of ways to identify a so - called “dirty dozen” of fish , and it’s crucial to be aware of overfishing , pollution , and bycatch , ” says marianne cufone .
cufone is the executive director of recirculating farms coalition , an organization dedicated to creating local land - based produce and fish systems using hydro - and aquaponics , small local systems that avoid the problems of open - water fish farms and industrial agriculture altogether , where the fish waste fertilizes fresh produce . the former director of the fish program of food and water watch , cufone’s mission is redirecting consumers toward healthy , sustainable fish - eating . she laughs , saying , “i get a lot of texts from my friends asking me which fish are okay to eat . ”
cufone stresses that consumers can begin with a list of the 12 worst fish , or a “fishy dozen”—compiled with help from experts .
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among the recommendations for shark alternatives are pacific halibut and atlantic mackerel . ( and when shopping for scallops , avoid cookie - cutter perfect ones . )
“cod on the list breaks my heart , ” she says . “because it’s a new england staple and we all love to support our fisherman . but cod had the worst season in 2016 in years , with serious catch depletion . ” atlantic cod stocks collapsed in the mid - 1990s and are in such disarray that the species is now listed as one step above endangered on the international union for conservation of nature ' s red list of threatened species .
the good news , if you love fish ' n ' chips ( which is nearly always made with cod ) , is that pacific cod stocks are still strong and are one of food and water watch ' s best fish picks .
according to cufone , tuna is bad news all around . “we are eating it to death , ” she says . atlantic and pacific bluefin , albacore , yellowfin…they are all to be avoided . canned tuna is one of the most consumed fish in the u . s . , and that’s depleting the fisheries . ( here are 4 canned fish you should avoid at all costs . )
for your tuna salad , substitute tinned sardines ( they’re seafood watch recommended , and are one of the healthiest fish you can eat ) or even organic tinned chicken , such as wild planet organic roasted chicken breast .
caviar from beluga and wild - caught sturgeon are susceptible to overfishing , but the species are also being threatened by an increase in dam building that pollutes the water in which they live . all forms of caviar come from fish that take a long time to mature , which means that it takes a while for populations to rebound—any wild caviar is to be avoided , says cufone .
this popular fish from the gulf of mexico is just starting to recover from overfishing . “i worry about it a lot , ” says cufone . “even though it’s not recovered , the federal government agreed to reopen recreational red snapper fishing recently . these fish have long been on the trouble list . ”
these fish are very popular and considered a delicacy , but you can get the same texture and feel with u . s . hook - and - line–caught haddock .
orange roughy has been so overfished that many restaurant chains still refuse to serve it . further , it tends to be high in mercury levels . it is a long lived fish , that takes ten to twenty years to reach maturity—which means populations take a long time to recover , and fish tend to accumulate toxins like mercury of lengthy time periods . even if you see orange roughy for sale , or labeled as “sustainably harvested” avoid it . the marine stewardship council does not certify it , and its fisheries are not considered it well managed .
eel remains problematic too . most consumers see it in sushi , but it is often high in pcbs and mercury , and eel populations are too often overharvested . it is also sold as yellow or silver eel .
if you like the taste of eel , opt for atlantic - or pacific - caught squid instead .
the thing about imported king crab is that it comes mainly from russia where there are no protections and the fishery is being overharvested . if you know for sure that your crab is actually from alaska , says cufone “you’re okay . ” that’s because these crabs are actually two different critters . true alaskan king crab from alaska , is a protected us fishery that’s well managed , and stocks are healthy . but the “imported alaskan king crab” is not actually alaskan , it’s the unprotected crab from russia .
when you shop for king crab , whatever the label says , ask whether it comes from alaska or if it ' s imported . approximately 70 percent of the king crab sold in the u . s . is imported , so it ' s important to make that distinction and go domestic .
open water , farmed atlantic salmon fisheries contribute to pollution and interspecies mixing . “if you can find terrestrially farmed atlantic salmon , that’s typically better farming management , ” says cufone . farmed salmon is also where you’re most likely to encounter genetically engineered salmon . ( here’s how to choose the best salmon at the grocery store )
wild caught pacific salmon generally have less of the problems than atlantic . and wild caught salmon from alaska is even better , since those populations are the most robust . when it comes to flavor , wild salmon is where it’s at . as one of the healthiest fish you can eat , it ' s higher in omega - 3 fatty acids ( which can help fight seasonal allergies , among many other things ) and also packs less saturated fat than farmed . it’s also a sustainable seafood : the alaskan salmon fishery—america’s main source of wild salmon—is managed to ensure the plentiful return of wild fish in the future . varieties to look out for are king , sockeye , pink , keta and coho salmon .
basically , they’re extremely smart . “this is an ethics case that i’d put in the same category as eating dolphins and whales , ” says cufone . “it’s become increasingly hard to talk about eating octopus because we’ve learned so much about their intelligence and abilities . ”
the list will change because we’ve entered an era where fisheries information is fluid . what might be the worst thing to eat now because of severe depletion could rebound and be a sustainable fishery a few years down the road with proper management . to know if your choices are healthy—for themselves and the fishery itself—it’s useful to know where to go to get that information when you’re standing in front of the fish counter .
blue ocean’s “fish phone” app — carl safina is the founder of the blue ocean institute and safina center , and author of many important books on the oceans and animals . his organization wanted to make it easy for consumers to decide which fish to eat . all you need to do is text the word fish followed by the species you want to know about , to 30644 ( so , for instance , fish shrimp , or fish bluefin ) . in less than 10 seconds you’ll have valuable info in the palm of your hand about the fish in question .
monterey bay aquarium’s seafood watch — a respected and increasingly well - known resource for consumers , businesses and chefs around the country , to help them make healthy choices for the oceans .
the marine stewardship council — “an international non - profit organization established to address the problem of unsustainable fishing and safeguard seafood supplies for the future . the msc uses a blue label and fishery certification program to contribute to the health of the world’s oceans . ”
noaa fisheries stock status updates — for those who want useful , regularly updated science info and detailed specs on various fisheries tracked by the us government , this is your go to .
good housekeeping participates in various affiliate marketing programs , which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites .


parmacelloidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land slugs , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade stylommatophora and the informal group pulmonata .

these are limacoid or keelback slugs .

parmacelloidea

no one has contributed data records for parmacelloidea yet . learn how to contribute .
worms - world register of marine species - parmacelloidea p . fischer , 1856 ( 1855 )
family cryptellidae gray , 1855 accepted as parmacellidae p . fischer , 1856 ( 1855 )
bouchet p . , rocroi j . p . , hausdorf b . , kaim a . , kano y . , nützel a . , parkhaev p . , schrödl m . & strong e . e . ( 2017 ) . revised classification , nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families . malacologia . 61 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 526 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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pesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi
this is one of the six major gastropod lineages and contains three informal groups : the lower heterobranchia , the opisthobranchia and the pulmonata .
recent research by jörger et al . ( 2010 ) does not support the monophyly of any of these three groups .
within the pulmonata , a large number of terrestrial species are found in the eupulmonata and a few are found in one family in the basommatophora .
a few freshwater species are found in both the lower heterobrancia and the pulmonata .
within the lower heterobranchia , freshwater species are found in two superfamilies , the valvatoidea and the glacidorboidea . within the pulmonata , freshwater species are found in the basommatophora , in the clade hygrophila .
jörger k . m . , stöger i . , kano y . , fukuda h . , knebelsberger t . , schrödl m . ( 2010 ) .
on the origin of acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods , with implications for the systematics of heterobranchia
. bmc evolutionary biology 10 : 323 . doi : 10 . 1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 10 - 323 .
bouchet p . , rocroi j . - p . , frýda j . , hausdorf b . , ponder w . , valdés á . & warén a . ( 2005 ) .
classification and nomenclator of gastropod families
. malacologia : international journal of malacology ( hackenheim , germany : conchbooks ) 47 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1–397 .
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mordellistena sudaniensis is a species of beetle in the mordellistena genus that is in the mordellidae family .

it was described by ray in 1944 .

mordellistena sudaniensis

¿qué significa mordellistena ? existen 2 definiciones para la palabra mordellistena . también puedes añadir tu mismo una definición para mordellistena
mordellistena es un género de coleópteros de la familia mordellidae . incluye las siguientes especies : [ 1 ]
larva : mordellistena is the only genus in this family which larvae have characteristic tergal processes and paired urogomphi ( comment by artjom zaitsev ) .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
formerly treated in a much broader sense ; many spp . have been moved to other genera , incl .
small , slender , linear or wedge - shaped . scutellum somewhat trianglular , rounded . antennae usually threadlike , sometimes slightly sawtoothed . eyes coarsely granulate . each hind tibia has 1 - 6 short , more or less oblique ridges on outer surface ; tarsal segments may also bear ridges . most are solid black , but some have red , orange or yellow markings
plants in aster family , some trees , mostly oak . for many species , food in unknown .
ford e . j . , jackman j . a . ( 1996 ) new larval host plant associations of tumbling flower beetles ( coleoptera : mordellidae ) in north america . coleopterists bulletin 50 : 361 - 368 .
nomenclatural changes for selected mordellidae ( coleoptera ) in north america j . a . jackman & w . lu . 2001 . insecta mundi 15 ( 1 ) : 31 - 34 .
taxonomic changes for fifteen species of north american mordellidae ( coleoptera ) a . e . lisberg . 2003 . insecta mundi 17 ( 3 - 4 ) : 191 - 194 .
american beetles , volume ii : polyphaga : scarabaeoidea through curculionoidea arnett , r . h . , jr . , m . c . thomas , p . e . skelley and j . h . frank . ( eds . ) . 2002 . crc press llc , boca raton , fl .
a manual of common beetles of eastern north america dillon , elizabeth s . , and dillon , lawrence . 1961 . row , peterson , and company .
peterson field guides : beetles richard e . white . 1983 . houghton mifflin company .
the book of field and roadside : open - country weeds , trees , and wildflowers of eastern north america john eastman , amelia hansen . 2003 . stackpole books .
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
the following 102 pages are in this category , out of 102 total . this list may not reflect recent changes ( learn more ) .
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mordellidae species list at joel hallan’s biology catalog . texas a & m university . retrieved on 20 may 2012 .
mordellidae species list at joel hallan’s biology catalog . texas a & m university . retrieved on 17 may 2012 .
mordellidae species list at joel hallan’s biology catalog . texas a & m university . retrieved 19 may 2012 .
please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . unsourced material may be challenged and removed .
mordellidae species list at joel hallan’s biology catalog . texas a & m university . retrieved on 19 may 2012 .
mordellidae species list at joel hallan’s biology catalog . texas a & m university . retrieved on 18 may 2012 .
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hemipepsis tamisieri is a species of afrotropical pepsid spider wasp , one of the so-called tarantula hawks because its preferred prey are tarantulas of the family theraphosidae .

hemipepsis tamisieri

no one has contributed data records for hemipepsis tamisieri yet . learn how to contribute .
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wasp close - up ( hemipepsis tamisieri guerin )
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hemipepsis tamisieri ( hymenoptera : pompilidae ) . this beautiful spider - hunting wasp actively hunts on spiders either in early summer or late spring . this specimen was captured at the eduardo mondlane botanical garden . maputo , mozambique .
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wasp close - up ( hemipepsis tamisieri guerin )
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angola , ethiopia , gold coast , malawi , nigeria , sierra leone , south africa , uganda , zambia , zimbabwe .
females specialise on hunting baboon spiders ( theraphosidae ) and rain spiders ( palystes ) to provision their nest with as a paralysed food resource for development of their larvae .
picker , m . , griffiths , c & weaving , a . 2002 . field guide to insects of south africa . struik publishers , cape town .
( published in struik ' s field guide to insects of south africa ) .
citation : van noort , s . 2018 . waspweb : hymenoptera of the afrotropical region . url : urltoken ( accessed on < day / month / year > ) .
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the subfamily dorylinae now is monotribic and monogeneric . the dorylines are considered to be a primitive ant subfamily . dorylines are unique amongst ants for their very strange reproductive castes . the queens are huge : they are the largest individuals amongst all south african ants , measuring up to about 35 mm in length . they clearly cannot fly , so driver ant colonies must spread by ‘budding’ , ie females are mated in the nest and move out with some workers to form new colonies . in fact the queens resemble termite queens more than ant queens , enormous sausage - like egg - laying machines that get carried by hundreds of workers when the colonies move on .
male driver ants are also enormous , compared to the workers . from 25 to 30 mm in length , they cause alarm when they fly into lights at night . they curl their gasters threateningly when caught , and gnash their mandibles together , but they are harmless .
minute to very large ( body length of workers 2 - 8 mm , reproductives 40 - 50 mm ) .
workers are reddish brown , without eyes , head squarish , sting non - functional . antennae are short and thick .
males are winged and much larger than the workers , about 40 mm long . head and thorax furry , wings clear , abdomen and mandibles enlarged .
they live in large colonies . they exhibit the specialized subterranean predation that is typical of most other army ants . driver ants feed on carrion , live termites , and other prey below - ground , including small mammals .
mandibles piceous brown , scape of antenna , head and thorax dark castaneous red , but getting gradually lighter from the head to the petiole ; abdomen dark brownish yellow , or ochreous with a slight reddish tinge ; legs ferruginous ; funiculus dark brown above , lighter underneath . head , thorax and abdomen very shining , except the anterior third of the head , the vertical anterior face of the pronotum , the mesopleura , the petiole and the propodeum , which are duller , owing to a rugulosity of the surface which is almost microscopic on the head , but somewhat stronger on the other parts . head sparsely punctured , with small , discrete and shallow punctures ; scape of antenna more coarsely punctured . pro - and mesonotum sparsely , but much more coarsely punctured than the head . propodeum and petiole very shallowly and more closely punctured , the punctures being smaller than on the pronotum . gaster finely and sparsely punctured . a short , yellow pubescent hair is inserted in each puncture , those on the head being very fine .
pronotum narrowed and depressed anteriorly to form a short neck ; it is widest behind this part and . narrows towards the mesonotum , from which it is separated by a distinct and angular suture . the mesonotum widens posteriorly , where it is two - thirds wider than long . the propodeum is widest at its base ( on each side of which lies a prominent spiracle ) , and narrows but slightly towards the short and vertical declivity ; the brow of the latter is considerably rounded above and at the corners . the dorsum of the propodeum has a longitudinal median impression . seen from the side , the dorsum of the whole thorax is flat and rather distinctly delimited from the sides , which are vertical or nearly so .
the node of the petiole is almost sub - quadrate , or a little wider behind than in front , as long as , or only very little longer than wide , all the angles strongly rounded ; the ventral lamella is produced into a triangular projection .
the gaster widens gradually towards the apical margin of the 3rd segment , all the segments wider than long . the pygidial area of the 5th segment is dull and only shallowly impressed , forming a more or less oval fovea , not semi - circular or bounded by a sharp raised margin , as in the subgenus dorylus . by this character , and also by the longer petiole and the frontal carinae without spines , all the workers of this species can be distinguished at a glance from those of the subgenus dorylus .
worker minor - tl 8 - 3 mm . in these the colour is much lighter , or more or less reddish yellow . antennae 11 - jointed , as in the maxima . proportionately the head is wider in front than in the maxima . the puncturation is finer and the pubescence is more apparent . in the smaller forms , the frontal carinae project further forwards and are more convergent posteriorly , or even meet to form a single lamina . the median impression on the head is much shallower and shorter , or almost obsolete . the mandibles are more shining , with three teeth more acute and distinctly defined .
worker minima . it is probable that there are some of this class , and measuring less than the smallest of the minor class .
south africa , western cape and northern cape , gauteng , kruger national park .
small to medium ( body length 3 - 18 mm ) wasps , ant - like in appearance . antennae not elbowed . very hairy and usually black , often with reddish brown thorax and combination of red , yellow , white or silver spots or bands on abdomen . most species with a dark red thorax , and black abdomen marked with white spots or bands . the thorax is hard and difficult to pierce . body extremely hard and coarsely punctured , covered with soft velvety hairs . the females are wingless with box - like thorax and may often be seen running about restlessly in hot sunshine . the males of most species have dark wings with a metallic sheen . velvet ants exhibit extreme sexual dimorphism ; the males and females are so different , it is almost impossible to associate the two sexes of a species unless they are captured while mating . females are armed with strong curved stings and can inflict a painful wound .
afrotropical region : 1116 species ; australasian region : 306 species ; nearctic region : 435 species ; neotropical region : 1212 species ; oriental region : 637 species ; palearctic region : 524 species ; world : 4230 species .
superfamily : vespoidea ; family : mutillidae ; subfamily : mutillinae . tribe : mutillini . subtribe : smicromyrmina
from pretoria by saussure in distant ' s publication
naturalist in transvaal , 1892 , p . 225 , pl . 4 fig . 7 ) . the name
male : black , the eyes emarginate , the head rugose . thorax coarsely rugose ; the prothorax clothed with black pubescence ; the scutellum elevated and sparingly covered with black pubescense . metathorax with central loditunial carina . wings metallicdark brown with purple iridescense . abdomen shining , slightly punctured , thinly covered with black pubescense ; white velvety band of pubescense on the third segment .
established two species groups of males and seven groups of females , using different characters for the two sexes ( the presence / lack of a median carina on the last tergite , in males , and the abdominal vestiture pattern , in females ) , although he was unabie to correlate the sexes of the respective groups .
female : clypeus with apical half folded clearly concave and a tubercle at the base . labrum with 2 lateral teeth . inside edge of the mandibles with low preapical tooth . scutellar tubercle distinct . middle and hind tibia with 2 rows of fine spines . 3rd and 4th or only 3rd tergite with pale band , whole or broken in the middle . abdominal tergites may have two spots . black body with reddish thorax .
ectoparasitoids of larvae or pupa of other insects . diurnal . pronounced sexual dimorphism is evident .
active , small to very large , long - legged wasps , rear margin of pronotum reaching base of fore wings , antennae often curled . most species have glossy blue , black or brown bodies , sometimes with yellow or orange markings . most species have glossy blue , black or brown bodies , sometimes with yellow or orange markings . wings may be black with a blue sheen , orange to red or transparent . a few species are wingless . males are usually smaller , with longer antennae , and are sometimes differently coloured from females .
females run about on the ground flicking and jerking their wings . they provision their nests with one paralyzed spider per cell or , in some species , lay their eggs on prey caught by other pompilids .
predators of spiders . a single egg is layed on or in the abdomen of a spider that has been paralysed by the sting of the female wasp , either in the spider ' s own burrow or on a spider that has been paralysed , dragged and placed in a secluded crack , crevice , excavated burrow , or mud nest made by the wasp . some species are cleptoparasites of other species , laying their egg on a previously paralysed and concealed spider .
with most species of the pompilidae , the female wasp lays only one egg on a single spider . the larger the species of wasp , the larger the spider required . the size of the spider prey determines whether the egg will give rise to a male or female wasp . smaller prey results in an unfertilised and male - producing egg and larger prey in fertilised and female - producing egg .
after stinging its prey , the pompilid wasp drags its paralysed prey to a nesting site . the wasp does this by grasping the immobilised spider by an appendage such as a chelicerus ( jaw ) or leg , and drags it backwards over the ground , face to face with its prey . once the nesting site has been reached , the prey is hidden about 25 cm from it and nest excavation begins . this the female wasp does this with her front legs that are well equipped with a row of stout spines that serve as efficient rakes . the front legs alternate and the abdomen is held up to allow the excavated material to pile up behind the wasp . once the burrow is deep enough , the wasp drags the prey backwards into the nest and places it facing towards the burrow entrance . a single egg is then laid on the spider ' s abdomen .
in the darkness of its underground cell , the pompilid wasp egg hatches after about 2 days and eats all the soft tissue of the spider , starting with the abdomen and eventually leaving only the hollow cephalothorax and legs . after about 7 days , it then spins a silken cocoon and pupates within , and emerges as an adult wasp the following summer .
this cosmopolitan subfamily includes over 2000 species in about 100 genera . it includes some of the largest pompilids ; many are black with orange - red wings .
metasomal sternum 2 with distinct sharp transverse groove , but male often without sharp groove . fore wing with vein cui simple at base , without any definite downward deflection ( second discal cell ( 2d ) without a posterior
pocket
)
) . the paralysed spiders are dragged to a pre - excavated burrow , where they lay an egg on the spider . on hatching the larva feeds on the preserved prey item . species of
large ( body length 50 mm ) , wholly black , with black antennae , black legs and blue sheen to wings .
females hunt large spiders such as rain spiders ( palystes ) which they paralyse and drag to a pre - excavated burrow or crack or crevice . an egg is laid on the spider which provides the larva with food when it hatches .
medium - sized ( body length of males 19 mm , females 23 mm ) . head and antenae orange . thorax orange and black . abdomen black with reddish tip . legs orange . wings metallic blue .
) to provision their nest with as a paralysed food resource for development of their larvae .
picker , m . , griffiths , c & weaving , a . : field guide to insects of south africa


nomada priscilla , is a species of bee belonging to the family apidae subfamily nomadinae .

it is found in sri lanka , india and philippines .

nomada priscilla

phor robertson , 1903 : p . 174 , 175 , 176 ; type species : nomada integra robertson , 1893 ( not brullé , 1832 ) = nomada integrrima dalla torre , 1896 , by original designation .
centrias robertson , 1903 : p . 174 , 176 ; type species : nomada erigeronis robertson , 1897 , by original designation .
cephen robertson , 1903 : p . 174 , 176 ; type species : nomada texana cresson , 1872 , by original designation .
gnathias robertson , 1903 : p . 173 , 174 , 175 ; type species : nomada bella cresson , 1863 , by original designation .
holonomada robertson , 1903 : p . 174 , 175 , 176 ; type species : nomada superba cresson , 1863 , by original designation .
nomada scopoli , 1770 : p . 44 ; type species : apis ruficornis linnaeus , 1758 , by designation of curtis , 1832 : pl . 419 .
with over 850 species , the genus nomada is one of the largest genera in the family apidae , and the largest genus of cleptoparasitic
cuckoo bees
. they occur worldwide , and use many different types of bees as hosts , primarily the genus andrena .
xanthidium robertson , 1903 : p . 174 , 175 , 177 ( not ehrenberg , 1833 ) ; type species : nomada luteola olivier , 1811 , by original designation . [ this name is preoccupies but since it is a synonym , has not been replaced - mich . 2000 : p . 625 ] .
the species groups recognized for nomada have been classified as per alexander & schwarz , 1994 [ univ . sci . kans . sci . , bull . 55 ( 7 ) : 239 - 270 ] . these species groups have been related to previously used genus - group names by michener ( 2000 : p . 625 ) .
hypochrotaenia holmberg , 1886 : p . 234 , 273 ; type species : hypochrotaenia parvula holmberg , 1886 , monobasic .
nomadita mocsáry , 1894 : p . 37 ; type species : nomadita montana mocsáry , 1894 , monobasic .
lamproapis cameron , 1902 : p . 419 ; type species : lamproapis maculipennis cameron , 1902 , monobasic .
nomadosoma rohwer , 1911 : p . 24 ; type species : pasites pilipes cresson , 1865 , by original designation .
polybiapis cockerell , 1916 en 27 : p . 208 ; type species : polybiapis minus cockerell , 1916 , by original designation .
cameron , 1897 mms 41 ( 4 ) : p . 123 ( furva group )
nurse , 1903 amnh ( 7 ) xi : p . 543 ( ruficornis group )
nurse , 1903 amnh ( 7 ) xi : p . 544 ( ruficornis group )
nurse , 1903 amnh ( 7 ) xi : p . 544 ( ruficornis group )
morawitz , 1877 hser 14 : p . 107 ; ( ruficornis group ) [ coxalis only ? in nurse , 1904 jbnhs xv : p . 572 , from quetta ]
morawitz , 1874 hser 10 : p . 181 ; ( furva group ) [ in nurse , 1904 jbnhs xv : p . 572 , from quetta ]
panzer , 1798 fig , heft 55 : p . 23 ; ( furva group ) [ furva only ? in nurse , 1904 jbnhs xv : p . 572 , from quetta ]
morawitz , 1872 vzbgw 22 : p . 380 [ = cincta lepeletier , 1841 : p . 484 ; = olympica schmeideknecht , 1882 : p . 176 ] ( ruficornis group ) [ in nurse , 1904 jbnhs xv : p . 572 , from quetta ]
meade - waldo , 1913 amnh ( 8 ) 12 : p . 98 ( furva group )
meade - waldo , 1913 amnh ( 8 ) 12 : p . 99 ( furva group )
meade - waldo , 1913 amnh ( 8 ) 12 : p . 100 ( furva group )
[ western part of the state is the present day punjab in pakistan ] .
by the same author for the authors ' linked references mentioned in this document .
inaugural release 26 sept . , 2003 revised and continued up to 26 nov . 2009 on url : urltoken . redesigned and released on url : urltoken on 08 february 2010
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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checklist of apoidea of north america . . . - 02 - nov - 2005 , manuscript ( version 02 - nov - 05 )
hymenoptera name server version 0 . 03 4 . x . 2002 , website ( version 0 . 03 )
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agonopterix rotundella is a moth of the depressariidae family .

it is found in most of europe , except the fennoscandia and most of the balkan peninsula .

the wingspan is 14 – 17 mm .

adults are on wing from september to may , overwintering as an adult .

the larvae feed on daucus carota and laserpitium gallicum .

they initially mine the leaves of their host plant .

the mine has the form of a small , irregular full depth corridor .

older larvae vacate their mines and continue feeding among spun leaves .

larvae can be found from june to august .

they are green with darker length lines and a brownish black head .

agonopterix rotundella

valter jacinto marked
borboleta noturna / / moth ( agonopterix rotundella )
as trusted on the
agonopterix rotundella
page .
two new species of agonopterix ( depressariidae , lepidoptera ) from europe . - pubmed - ncbi
wingspan c . 15 mm . a relatively uniform - looking agonopterix , with buffish forewings broken by two or three black dots and occasional scattered blackish scales . the specific name rotundella refers to the rather rounded termen of the forewing .
the species agonopterix tripunctaria sp . nov . and agonopterix medelichensis sp . nov . are described . a . tripunctaria , previously misidentified as agonopterix nodiflorella ( millière , 1866 ) , was recognized as specifically different by the distinctive male genitalia . 19 specimens have been examined , dna - barcoding yielded full 658 bp fragment of coi from two specimens and a 639 bp sequence from a third , confirming the impression of a rather isolated species . specimens from italy , slovenia , croatia and greece had been checked , among them one reared from ferulago campestris . a . medelichensis was misidentified as agonopterix rotundella ( douglas , 1846 ) in nhmv ; its male genitalia are erroneously depicted as a . rotundella in hannemann ( 1953 ) and ( 1995 ) . 20 specimens have been examined , from one a 555 bp fragment of coi was obtained , confirming that it is not closely related to a . rotundella . specimens from austria , italy , hungary , slovakia , croatia and greece have been checked , among them one reared from trinia glauca , which had been misidentified as a . hippomarathri . a report of a . rotundella from russia also belongs to this species .
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museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken
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notes : nationally scarce ( na ) on downland and coastal cliffs in england and wales , from cornwall to kent , northwards along the western coast as far as cheshire ; the isle of man , yorkshire and northumberland ( mbgbi vol 4 part 1 ) ; uncommon in wales and scotland . very rare on the isle of wight , with just 13 records prior to the present century ; however , increased recording since 2010 has turned up single records in most years . not recorded from hampshire to date . wingspan 14 - 17 mm . larva mines leaves of wild carrot , subsequently living within a leaf - roll .
the adult lives from september to may , overwintering among low vegetation . it will come to light positioned near its habitat .
the larva feeds , june to august , on wild carrot ( daucus carota ) , from a thickly folded leaf sewn with white silk . it appears to prefer short plants in full sun on coastal downs and cliffs in england , wales , southern scotland and ireland . recorded inland in the past , it now appears to be confined to coasts .
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procache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 15 22 : 07 : 58 page render time : 0 . 3103s total w / procache : 0 . 3577s
in modern times only recorded from friston and holywell although more widespread in the victorian era . the larvae feed on wild carrot ( pratt , 2011 ) . nationally , adults fly from september to may ( mbgbi ) .
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first for dumfries & galloway was found at an unknown site by person unknown prior to 2001 ( mogbi data ) .
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
mag . peter buchner , scheibenstraße 335 , 2625 schwarzau am steinfeld , austria . ; email : buchner . 324 @ tele2 . at .
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for the county , we have a total of 1 records from 1 sites . first recorded in 1986 .
vc61 . south landing , flamborough , 13 . 5 . 1986 det . heb ( ase ) .


furcula borealis , the white furcula moth , is a moth of the family notodontidae .

it is found from new hampshire to texas and florida , as well as in colorado and south dakota .

the wingspan is 31 – 42 mm .

adults are on wing from april to august .

the larvae feed on prunus avium , salix and populus species .

furcula borealis

furcula borealis has been treated as a subspecies of the eurasian furcula bicuspis . it has been elevated back to species status .
other furcula species . the
monkey face
pattern on borealis is much more distinct than in the other furcula , which often have much more or less black scaling and orange scaling , obscuring the
monkey face
pattern . f . borealis can be distinguished from pale occidentalis specimens , by the lack of a triple pm line , which is present in occidentalis and the darker thoracic scaling of occidentalis : more black scaling in the
monkey face ,
and gray - as opposed to white in borealis - scaling on the rest of the thorax .
white furcula moth in howard co . , maryland ( 8 / 8 / 2014 ) . photo by nancy magnusson . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 8 / 7 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 7 / 28 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in howard co . , maryland ( 8 / 11 / 2017 ) . photo by bill hubick . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 8 / 9 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in allegany co . , maryland ( 5 / 23 / 2015 ) . photo by jim brighton . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in calvert co . , maryland ( 8 / 16 / 2006 ) . photo by arlene ripley . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth in anne arundel co . , maryland ( 8 / 14 / 2013 ) . photo by tim carney . ( mbp list )
a male white furcula moth in howard co . , maryland ( 8 / 21 / 2003 ) . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth caterpillar in washington co . , maryland ( 9 / 20 / 2017 ) . photo by bob cammarata . ( mbp list )
a white furcula moth larva in frederick co . , maryland ( 9 / 14 / 2016 ) . photo by bob cammarata . ( mbp list )
white furcula moth caterpillar on black cherry in frederick co . , maryland ( 9 / 11 / 2016 ) . photo by bob cammarata . ( mbp list )
a white furcula caterpillar in baltimore city , maryland ( 7 / 1 / 2009 ) . determined by sam jaffe / bugguide . photo by thomas wilson . ( mbp list )
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
forewing white with charcoal median band and charcoal patch coming from costa near apex ; pm line single , often obscure , continuous across wing usually more sinuous than dentate ; am and terminal lines composed of several large black dots ; some yellow or orange coloration often present next to am and pm lines ; thorax patterned distinctly with black scaling with some orange in what is called a
monkey face
with the surrounding thoracic scaling white .
new hampshire to texas - florida ; colorado ; south dakota . ( 1 )
moth photographers group - species page with photographs of living adults , larvae and pinned adults .
moths of arknsas - henderson state university - photographs , description , and foodplant .
butterflies and moths of north america - species account with photograph of pinned adult and range maps .
contributed by troy bartlett on 16 february , 2004 - 12 : 32pm additional contributions by chuck entz , jason d . roberts , maury heiman , robert lord zimlich , fyn kynd last updated 6 september , 2016 - 1 : 48pm
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caterpillar from the air line trail in hebron , connecticut . ( tolland county ) on cherry .
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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