amphipyra is a genus of moths .

it is the only genus remaining in the subfamily amphipyrinae , the others having been removed , e.g. , to the hadeninae .

amphipyra

patrick coin marked
amphipyra pyramidoides
as trusted on the
amphipyra pyramidoides
page .
patrick coin marked
copper underwing
as trusted on the
amphipyra pyramidoides
page .
patrick coin marked
copper underwing ( corrected ! )
as trusted on the
amphipyra pyramidoides
page .
this species is nearly identical to amphipyra glabella , an eastern species that enters our area in the northeast . these species are easily separated by locality since a . brunneoatra only occurs in southwestern oregon .
) . however , the relative distributions of each species are still not fully known , as the differences between them are becoming clearer .
there are a number of subtle ways to help distinguish the two species , but one recently quoted feature is the detail of the labial palps when viewed head - on . svensson ' s has dark palps with pale tips , whereas copper underwing ' s palps are pale throughout .
ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .
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photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 51 . 35f ; p . 286 . book review and ordering
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
one generation per year ; larvae active in spring ; when ready to pupate they build a shelter by rolling a leaf . aggregations of newly eclosed adults found under bark , etc . in mid - summer
1 : caterpillar . 2 : caterpillar , later instar . 3 : rolled leaf shelter . 4 : pupa . 5 and 6 : adults
not one of the
true
underwings ( catocala spp . ) which have either all - black or banded hindwings .
the coppery - orange hindwing of a . pyramidoides is diagnostic but rarely visible in live moths , as they tend to keep their forewings together , covering the hindwings .
live larva image by lance risley , william paterson u . , new jersey ( insectimages . org )
common name reference [ humped green fruitworm ; larva ] ( insectimages . org )
peterson field guides : eastern moths charles v . covell . 1984 . houghton mifflin company .
owlet caterpillars of eastern north america david l . wagner . 2011 . princeton university press .
caterpillars of eastern north america david l . wagner . 2005 . princeton university press .
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ca : lake co . anderson springs , 1338 ft 38 . 8 , - 122 . 7 july 08 , 1949 , wr bauer . specimen courtesy of lgcc photograph copyright : merrill a . peterson
this species is widely distributed in the southwest . in the pacific northwest , it appears to be narrowly restricted to riparian habitats along rivers at low elevations in southwest oregon .
the range of this species includes most of california west of the sierra nevada . it probably occurs in the southwest , possibly as far east as colorado , but the eastern limits seems uncertain due to possible confusion with a . glabella .
no information is presently available regarding larval foodplants of this species , but it probably feeds on cottonwoods ( populus spp . ) in the salicaceae based upon the habitat and closely related species .
the adults of a . brunneoatra fly in late summer . they are nocturnal and come to lights .
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a fairly large ( 3 . 2 - 5 . 8 cm wingspan ) broad - winged moth with glistening dark sooty brown forewings and copper - orange hindwings . the forewing basad to the postmedian line is darker than the terminal area . the postmedian line , the orbicular spot and to a lesser degree the antemedian line are light brown to dirty white . the antennae are simple , and the sexes are essentially alike . the large size and shining , coppery - orange unbanded hindwings will separate the copper underwing from all other alberta moths .
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[ cite : 744566 ] profiles of > 2000 spp . from europe jump to : odonata | orthoptera | auchenorhyncha | heteroptera adults • nymphs | diptera |
a collection of resources providing detailed information on major taxa of nc aquatic insects ( ept , beetles , chironomids ) . some of these guides are posted as separate ref entries
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to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !
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underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
a resident species , generally occurring singly or sparingly at mv light in a wide range of habitats , but often fairly common to occasionally very common on sugar in woods . well and probably generally distributed but high numbers are local and distinctly episodic . single - brooded , flying mainly from mid - july to late september . larvae feed on a variety of trees and shrubs , including honeysuckle and apple . ( pratt , 2011 )
a maximum of five species may be selected . the data for each species can be then viewed on the same page . tick the box below to select this species .
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some larger moths , even common ones found in gardens , are difficult to identify . this book gives naturalists the means to tackle these tricky species .
british and irish moths : an illustrated guide to selected difficult species ( covering the use of genitalia characters and other features ) makes available up - to - date information on the identification of difficult macro - moths , beyond what is currently available in the field guides . written by moth experts martin townsend , jon clifton and brian goodey , and originally published in 2010 , 72 larger moth species ( plus their subspecies and forms ) are included .
much of the guide is focussed on genitalia characteristics , although there are discussions of other characteristics such as wing markings ( see example pages shown below ) . it provides the next step for those wishing to make definitive determinations of difficult moths such as ear moths , dark / grey daggers , copper underwings and the november moth group .
the book itself is out of print and there are no plans to reprint it . however , the full contents are now available online here .
at the moment the 72 larger moth species ( plus their subspecies and forms ) from the original publication are included in this online version . simply click on the species of interest in the table below to view the text , keys and illustrations . the introductory text and how to use the guide can be found here . details on dissection methods , morphology and the glossary can be found here . the references and further reading can be found here .
some of the files are quite large and may take several minutes to download . you will need a . pdf viewer to open the files .
please note that the key and figure relating to female satin beauty deileptenia ribeata ( pages 40 & 41 ) are the corrected versions .
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the data comes from archaeological sites , essentially directly related to human activity . species presence can have a varied origin : food leftovers ( farming , hunting , fishing or harvesting ) ; crafts ( working shell , horn , but also bones preserved inside prepared skin , etc . . . ) with the possibility of interaction between human group ; commensal anthropophilic species ( rat , mouse , sparrow , cockroach ) ; or accidentally present species .
do not be surprised to find cod or mackerel in paris in the late middle ages ( 14th - 15th c . ) . . . the sea did not come that far , but trade did .
in compliance with laws and intellectual property practices in the scientific world , unpublished data under five years ( from excavation reports , analyses , but also academia ) is never communicated .
the dots represent the sites for which a study ( or a simple recording ) of fauna and / or flora was performed ; these sites were recorded in the database zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical inventories of france ( i2af ) . the lack of dots can mean both a lack of data and / or lack of recording .
the dots remain gray when the selected species is absent from the site . symbols of different colour mark the presence of the species in different periods .
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the selection of a site opens a new page that displays general information relating thereto ( other name ( s ) known , location . . . ) , the bibliographical reference ( s ) connected to the species , and a summary of plant and animal species identified per large time period .
a timeline summarizes all known information on the species . the relevant periods or sub - periods when the detail is known , are highlighted in red . tool tip : passing over a period ( palaeolithic for example ) displays the date range of the period .
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warning : the data available reflects the progression status of knowledge or the availability of the inventories . it should never be considered as comprehensive .
national inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .
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pseudosimnia pyrulina is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family ovulidae , the ovulids , cowry allies or false cowries .

pseudosimnia pyrulina

species margovula pyrulina ( a . adams , 1854 ) accepted as pseudosimnia pyrulina ( a . adams , 1855 )
worms - world register of marine species - pseudosimnia pyrulina ( a . adams , 1855 )
( of margovula pyrulina ( a . adams , 1854 ) ) cate c . n . ( 1978 ) . new species of ovulidae and reinstatement of margovula pyrulina ( a . adams , 1854 ) . the nautilus 92 ( 4 ) : 160 - 167 [ details ]
species pseudosimnia pyrifera c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as pseudosimnia vanhyningi ( m . smith , 1940 )
species pseudosimnia sphoni c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as pseudosimnia vanhyningi ( m . smith , 1940 )
to barcode of life to biodiversity heritage library ( 3 publications ) ( from synonym margovula pyrulina ( a . adams , 1854 ) ) to encyclopedia of life
no one has contributed data records for pseudosimnia lacrima yet . learn how to contribute .
( of amphiperas pyrulina a . adams , 1855 ) lorenz f . & fehse d . ( 2009 ) the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
pseudosimnia albomarginata cate , c . n . , 1978 : solomons ; japan ( ? )
species pseudosimnia filia azuma , 1974 accepted as primovula rosewateri ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
species pseudosimnia whitworthi c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as diminovula whitworthi c . n . cate , 1973
species pseudosimnia coroniola c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as diminovula coroniola ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
species pseudosimnia culmen c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as diminovula culmen ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
species pseudosimnia emilyreidae c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as diminovula kosugei ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
species pseudosimnia perilla c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as diminovula dautzenbergi ( f . a . schilder , 1931 )
species pseudosimnia striola c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as diminovula dautzenbergi ( f . a . schilder , 1931 )
species pseudosimnia translineata c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as margovula translineata ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
species pseudosimnia carnea sensu f . a . schilder , 1941 not poiret , 1789 accepted as sandalia triticea ( lamarck , 1810 )
( of amphiperas pyrulina a . adams , 1855 ) adams a . ( 1855 [
1854
] ) . descriptions of thirty - nine new species of shells , from the collection of hugh cuming , esq . proceedings of the zoological society of london . 22 : 130 - 138 , pl . 28 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
species pseudosimnia incisa azuma & c . n . cate , 1971 accepted as diminovula incisa azuma & c . n . cate , 1971
species pseudosimnia marginata g . b . sowerby i , 1828 accepted as margovula marginata ( g . b . sowerby i , 1828 )
species pseudosimnia pyriformis sensu kuroda , 1958 not g . b . sowerby i , 1828 accepted as diminovula alabaster ( reeve , 1865 )
hans - martin braun added the english common name
dwarf red simnia
to
pseudosimnia carnea ( poiret , 1789 )
.
» species pseudosimnia ( diminovula ) fruticum ( reeve , 1865 ) accepted as prionovolva brevis ( g . b . sowerby i , 1828 )
hans - martin braun added the english common name
dwarf red egg cowrie
to
pseudosimnia carnea ( poiret , 1789 )
.
hans - martin braun added the english common name
blood - stained simnia
to
pseudosimnia carnea ( poiret , 1789 )
.
species pseudosimnia fulguris azuma & c . n . cate , 1971 accepted as primovula fulguris ( azuma & c . n . cate , 1971 )
species pseudosimnia kandai c . n . cate & azuma in c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as testudovolva nipponensis ( pilsbry , 1913 )
species pseudosimnia nubila c . n . cate & azuma in c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as diminovula whitworthi c . n . cate , 1973
species pseudosimnia pyriformis sensu f . a . schilder , 1941 not g . b . sowerby i , 1828 accepted as diminovula alabaster ( reeve , 1865 )
species pseudosimnia aurantiomacula c . n . cate & azuma , 1973 accepted as diminovula aurantiomacula ( c . n . cate & azuma , 1973 ) ( original combination )
( of aperiovula aurora omi , 2003 ) omi y . 2003 . a nnew species of aperiovula ( gastropoda : ovulidae ) collected near the boso peninsula , japan . venus 62 ( 1 - 2 ) : 11 - 18 [ details ]
lorenz f . & fehse d . ( 2009 ) the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
( of aperiovula aurora omi , 2003 ) lorenz f . & fehse d . ( 2009 ) the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
( of aperiovula albomarginata c . n . cate , 1978 ) cate c . n . ( 1973 ) . a systematic revision of the recent cypraeid family ovulidae . the veliger . 15 ( supplement ) : 1 - 117 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of aperiovula albomarginata c . n . cate , 1978 ) lorenz f . & fehse d . ( 2009 ) the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
( of aperiovula yukitai azuma , 1974 ) cate c . n . ( 1973 ) . a systematic revision of the recent cypraeid family ovulidae . the veliger . 15 ( supplement ) : 1 - 117 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of aperiovula yukitai azuma , 1974 ) lorenz f . & fehse d . ( 2009 ) the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
( of prionovolva aureomarginata shikama , 1973 ) cate c . n . ( 1973 ) . a systematic revision of the recent cypraeid family ovulidae . the veliger . 15 ( supplement ) : 1 - 117 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of prionovolva aureomarginata shikama , 1973 ) lorenz f . & fehse d . ( 2009 ) the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
( of prionovolva aureomarginata shikama , 1973 ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of aperiovula c . n . cate , 1973 ) cate c . n . ( 1973 ) . a systematic revision of the recent cypraeid family ovulidae . the veliger . 15 ( supplement ) : 1 - 117 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 36 [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
worms - world register of marine species - margovula c . n . cate , 1973
species margovula aboriginea c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as diminovula aboriginea ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
species margovula changi ma , 1997 accepted as diminovula margarita ( g . b . sowerby i , 1828 )
species margovula kosugei c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as diminovula kosugei ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
iredale t . ( 1935 ) . australian cowries . the australian zoologist . 8 ( 2 ) : 96 - 135 , pls 8 - 9 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 103 ; note : not available : no description [ details ]
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
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the jujuy tuco-tuco ( ctenomys juris ) is a species of rodent in the family ctenomyidae .

it is known only from one location with an elevation of 500 m in jujuy province in northern argentina .

jujuy tuco - tuco

a province of nw argentina ; 22 , 952 square miles ; capital , jujuy .
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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
mammalogists for helping to forge the nomenclatural mesh that holds our science together . * journal of mammalogy * to refer to this work as a checklist undervalues it and does not give sufficient credit to the authors and editors for their meticulous efforts in its production . a valuable reference work and a vital tool , particularly for researchers . * journal of natural history * by far the most convenient source for finding the correct scientific name of any mammal and should be on the reference shelf of libraries striving to have useful science sections . * science books and films * the editors and authors are to be congratulated for undertaking such an outstanding and authoritative work , and it should serve as a standard reference for mammalian species taxonomy for many years to come . * journal of mammalian evolution * the third edition adds to its reputation as an outstanding and authorative work . * national museum of natural history weekly update & forecast * impressive and elegant work . - - g . r . seamons * reference reviews * a must - have text for any professional mammalogist , and a useful and authoritative reference for scientists and students in other disciplines . * southeastern naturalist * a magnificent work important to anyone seriously interested in mammals . this work is essential for academic or special libraries supporting zoology or conservation and for large public libraries . * american reference books annual * as were many of our colleagues , we were waiting for this revised edition since 2003 . . . we can say that the wait was worth it . - - sergio solari and robert j . baker * journal of mammalogy *
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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biokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright © 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .
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woods , charles a . , and c . william kilpatrick / wilson , don e . , and deeann m . reeder , eds .
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vol . 2
comments : cabrera ( 1961 ) synonymized juris under mendocinus . included within mendocinus by redford and eisemberg ( 1992 ) and woods ( 1993 ) , but considered specifically distinct by galliari et al . ( 1996 )
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
the new international webster ' s comprehensive dictionary . copyright © 2010 , standard international copyright leasing .


bombus rufocinctus is a species of bumblebee known by the common name red-belted bumblebee .

it is native to north america where it has a wide distribution across canada and the western , midwestern , and northeastern united states .

it may occur in mexico .

the queen is 1.6 to 1.8 centimeters long and just under a centimeter wide at the abdomen .

it is black with scattered gray and yellowish hairs on the head .

the abdomen has many bright yellow hairs and areas of reddish hairs .

the worker is 1.1 to 1.2 centimeters long and half a centimeter wide at the abdomen .

it is similar to the queen but it may have longer hairs .

the male is 1.2 to 1.3 centimeters long and half a centimeter wide at the abdomen .

it is mostly black with more yellow on the head and abdomen .

this species displays four genetically-controlled color polymorphisms : the second and third abdominal terga may have red or black hairs , and the fourth and fifth may be either yellow or black .

this small , short-tongued bee lives in and around wooded areas and it can be found in urban parks and gardens .

it feeds on several kinds of plants , including chicories , snakeroots , strawberries , gumweeds , sunflowers , goldenrods , clovers , vetches , and goldeneyes .

it usually nests on or above ground level .

bombus rufocinctus

for further information about this species , see 21215145 _ bombus _ rufocinctus . pdf .
those with red on the metasoma are often confused with various pyrobombus whereas those without can be confused with bombus bimaculatus and various other species , but in rufocinctus the malar space is exceptionally short .
bombus rufocinctus cresson : apidae ( bombini ) , hymenoptera ( observations are from macior and thomson et al . ) araliaceae : aralia hispida ( tmp ) ; primulaceae : dodecatheon meadia cp ( mc )
lectotype for bombus rufocinctus cresson , 1863 catalog number : usnm collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of entomology sex / stage : male ; worker ; preparation : pinned locality : colo . , colorado , united states
richardson , l . l . 2013 . bumble bees of north america : a database of specimen records for the genus bombus . data contributors available : urltoken
bombus rufocinctus cresson : apidae ( bombini ) , hymenoptera ( observations are from macior , thomson et al . , discover life ) araliaceae : aralia hispida ( tmp ) ; primulaceae : dodecatheon meadia cp ( mc ) ; rosaceae : spiraea tomentosa ( dl ) insect activities : cp = collects pollen scientific observers : ( mc ) = l . w . macior ( tmp ) = thomson , maddison , and plowright
macior , l . w . 1968 . bombus ( hymenoptera , apidae ) queen foraging in relation to vernal pollination in wisconsin . ecology 49 ( 1 ) : 20 - 25
carvell , c . 2002 . habitat use and conservation of bumblebees ( bombus spp . ) under different grasslands management regimes . biological conservation 103 ( 1 ) : 33 - 49 .
no recent studies suggest that this species to be threatened on a large scale ( natureserve 2014 ) . the apparent decline around san francisco might be related in part to competition from b . vosnesenskii , a species which has increased dramatically in abundance in the region . it should be noted , however , that bombus rufocinctus was historically known from low numbers in the city of san francisco , so the lack of recent detection ( e . g . , mcfrederick and lebuhn 2006 ) is not very alarming .
savard , m . 2009 . aperçu sur la diversité des bourdons de la minganie , québec ( hymenoptera : apidae : bombus ) . le naturaliste canadien 133 ( 2 ) : 31 - 36 .
in females with red on the metasoma the red is on the apicolateral corners of t2 and on t3 and t4 , with t1 and most of t2 yellow , whereas in species such as ternarius and huntii t2 - t3 are entirely red and t4 is yellow . bombus centralis can be confusing in that its metasoma is yellow basally and red apically , but in that species t2 is entirely yellow and the facial hairs are all yellow ( also usually true of huntii and bifarius but not ternarius , sylvicola , or rufocinctus ) . the dorsum of the scutum has black as in other species , but this is often a rather diffuse blotch as opposed to a narrow , well - defined interalar band ( as in huntii ) or clearly extending to form a notch in the scutellum posteriorly ( as in bifarius and to a lesser degree ternarius ) . however , rufocinctus females can have a complete , broad interalar band .
mcfrederick , q . s . , and g . lebuhn . 2006 . are urban parks refuges for bumble bees bombus spp . ( hymenoptera : apidae ) ? biological conservation 129 ( 3 ) : 372 - 382 [ includes corrigendum ] .
colla , s . , and l . packer . 2008 . evidence for decline in eastern north american bumblebees ( hymenoptera : apidae ) , with special reference to bombus affinis cresson . biodiversity and conservation 17 ( 6 ) : 1379 - 1391 .
evans , e . , r . thorp , s . jepson and s . hoffman - black . 2008 . status review of three formerly common species of bumble bees in the subgenus bombus . the xerces society . 63 pp . accessed at urltoken
grixti , j . c . , l . t . wong , s . a . cameron , and c . favret . 2008 . decline of bumble bees ( bombus ) in the north american midwest . biological conservation 142 ; 75 - 84
golick , d . a . , and m . d . ellis . 2006 . an update on the distribution and diversity of bombus in nebraska ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . journal of the kansas entomological society 79 ( 4 ) : 341 - 347 .
grixti , j . c . , l . t . wong , s . a . cameron , and c . favret . 2009 . decline of bumble bees ( bombus ) in the north american midwest . biological conservation 142 ( 1 ) : 75 - 84 .
hatfield , r . g . , and g . lebuhn . 2007 . patch and landscape factors shape community assemblage of bumble bees , bombus spp . ( hymenoptera : apidae ) , in montane meadows . biological conservation 139 ( 1 - 2 ) : 150 - 158 .
super , p . e . , and a . t . moyer . 2003b . bombus affinis cresson , bumble bee - biodiversity of great smoky mountains national park . in : nps , dlia . 2007 . discover life in america , great smoky mountains national park , gatlinburg , tennessee . online . available : urltoken
williams , p . h . 2008a . bombus , bumblebees of the world . web pages based on williams , p . h . 1998 . an annotated checklist of bumblebees with an analysis of patterns of description ( hymenoptera : apidae , bombini ) . bulletin of the natural history museum ( entomology ) 67 : 79 - 152 . online . available : urltoken accessed 2008 - oct .
generally , bumble bees ( bombus spp . ) are threatened by a number of factors including habitat loss , pesticide use , pathogens from managed pollinators , competition with non - native bees , and climate change ( reviewed in goulson 2010 , williams et al . 2009 , williams and osborne 2009 , fürst et al . 2014 , cameron et al . 2011 , hatfield et al . 2012 ) . reduced genetic diversity resulting from any of these threats can be particularly concerning for bumble bees , since their method of sex - determination can be disrupted by inbreeding , and since genetic diversity already tends to be low in this group due to the colonial life cycle ( i . e . , large numbers of bumble bees found locally may represent only one or a few queens ) ( goulson 2010 , hatfield et al . 2012 , but see cameron et al . 2011 , lozier et al . 2011 ) .
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antweiler , g . , arduser , m . , ascher , j . , bartomeus , n . , beauchemin , a . , beckham , j . , cromartie , j . , day , l . , droege , s . , evans , e . , fiscus , d . , fraser , d . , gadallah , z . , gall , l . , gardner , j . , gill , d . , golick , d . , heinrich , b . , hinds , p . , hines , h . , irwin , r . , jean , r . , klymko , j . , koch , j . , macphail , v . , martineau , r . , martins , k . , matteson , k . , mcfarland , k . , milam , j . , moisan - deserres , j . , morrison , f . , ogden , j . , packer , l . , richardson , l . , savard , m . , scott , v . , scully , c . , sheffield , c . , sikes , d . , strange , j . , surrette , s . , thomas , c , thompson , j . , veit , m . , wetherill , k . , williams , n . , williams , p . , winfree , r . , yanega , d . & zahendra , s .
foltz jordan , s . , hatfield , r . , colla , s . & macphail , v .
justification : according to our analysis , this widespread north american species has not exhibited rangewide decline in recent years ( hatfield et al . 2014 ) . specifically , the average decline of 0 % ( based on relative abundance , persistence , and range ) suggests a least concern category for this species . note that this analysis did not consider the mexican distribution of this species , however , since this species is known from very few records in a small area of mexico ( labougle 1990 , ecosur 2014 ) , the mexican data would not have significantly impacted the above results . our findings are consistent with other reports that the species is stable or increasing throughout the eastern and central portions of its range ( colla and packer 2008 , grixti et al . 2009 , colla et al . 2012 ) . based on the above calculations and trends , along with published reports of bumble bee decline and the assessors ' best professional judgement , we recommend this species for the least concern red list category at this time .
2014 ) . it also occurs rarely in mexico , where it is limited in distribution to the trans - mexican volcanic belt ( eje volcánico transversal ) , a volcanic belt that extends from west to east across central - southern mexico ( labougle 1990 ) . known mexican localities are from ( 1 ) the state of mexico ( estado de méxico ) : toluca and santa elena - toluca ; ( 2 ) the federal district ( distrito federal ) ; ( 3 ) the volcán , popocatépetl ( labougle 1990 ) ; and ( 4 ) the states of tlaxcala and hidalgo ( r . vandame pers . comm . 2014 ) . there are 21 records for this species in the current database of mexican bumble bee records ( ecosur 2014 , including holdings from ecosur and other collections ) .
for a graph and map of relative abundance and range changes of this species over time see the supplementary material .
canada ( alberta , british columbia , manitoba , new brunswick , newfoundland i , northwest territories , nova scotia , ontario , prince edward i . , québec , saskatchewan ) ; mexico ( méxico distrito federal , méxico state ) ; united states ( alaska , arizona , california , colorado , idaho , illinois , iowa , kansas , maine , massachusetts , michigan , minnesota , missouri , montana , nebraska , nevada , new hampshire , new jersey , new mexico , new york , north dakota , ohio , oregon , south dakota , utah , vermont , washington , west virginia , wisconsin , wyoming )
populations of this bee appear to be stable in most of its range , and may even be increasing in some areas . in a study in illinois , 2007 surveys of 57 sites across the state revealed
2009 ) . in another regional study in southern ontario , colla and packer ( 2008 ) found this species had over two times greater relative abundance in 2004 - 2006 than was exhibited during surveys at these same sites a few decades earlier ( 1971 - 1973 ) .
range - wide , this species also appears to be stable . in a large study considering over 69 , 000 bumblebee specimens representing 21 species collected from 1865 - 2010 in eastern north america , colla
. ( 2012 ) assessed changes in relative abundance and occupancy of this species and ranked its conservation status throughout the entire united states and canadian range . this study found
persisted in 67 % of re - sampled historically occupied 50 x 50 km grid cells throughout its united states and canada range , and significantly increased in relative abundance over the time periods examined .
common throughout its range , but note that it had disappeared from the san francisco bay area by 2002 , an area where it was historically uncommon ( mcfrederick and lebuhn 2006 ) .
the population of this species in central mexico is apparently isolated from the united states populations , and with very few ( 21 ) records , its status is not well - known . surveys in this region from 2012 to 2014 were unable to detect this species ( r . vandame pers . comm . 2014 ) .
2014 ) . we also assessed changes in the species’ relative abundance ( see figure 1 in the supplementary material ) , which we consider to be an index of abundance relevant to the taxon , as specified by the iucn red list categories and criteria ( iucn 2012 ) . for all three calculations we divided the database into historical ( 1805 - 2001 , n = 128 , 572 ) and current ( 2002 - 2012 , n = 74 , 682 ) records . this timeframe was chosen to meet the iucn criteria stipulation that species decline must have been observed over the longer of three generations or 10 years . average decline for this species was calculated by averaging the change in abundance , persistence , and eoo . this analysis yielded the following results ( see also the graph of relative abundance and map of change in eoo over time in the supplementary material ) :
conservation needs : specific conservation needs for this species have not been identified . due to the inherent vulnerability of many bumble bee species and importance of supporting wild bee populations for pollination services , the following general conservation practices are recommended :
restore , create and preserve natural high - quality habitats to include suitable forage , nesting and overwintering sites .
restrict pesticide use on or near suitable habitat , particularly while treated plants are in flower .
promote farming practices that increase of nitrogen - fixing fallow ( legumes ) and other pollinator - friendly plants along field margins .
research needs : in addition , the northern area of this species ' range is undersampled ( hatfield et al . 2014 ) . further surveys of this species are needed in mexico , where the status and population trends are not well - known ( r . vandame pers . comm . 2014 ) . additional research needs for north american bumble bees ( as a whole ) are summarized in cameron et al . ( 2011 ) , the final report for the 2010 north american bumble bee species conservation planning workshop .
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reprinted with permission from : mitchell , t . b . 1962 bees of the eastern united states . north carolina agricultural experiment station technical bulletin no . 152 .
worker—length 11 - 12 . 5 mm . , breadth of abdomen 5 - 5 . 5 mm . ; quite similar to queen but pubescence relatively more elongate , with considerable variation in the pattern of pubescence on abdominal terga , with some black pubescence evident on the more median terga in some specimens .
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this species is a relatively widespread northern and western bumble bee that is not reported by any recent sources to be declining widely . while it seems to have disappeared around san franciso , it appears to be increasing in some places . it is also not a member of any subgenus in which declines have been reported or documented . it is secure for now but , like most bumblebees , its status should be monitored .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
mitchell ( 1962 ) gives the range as pacific coast to michigan , maine and quebec , so apparently this is a rather northern species at least eastward . the urltoken site gives a very similar eastern range and indicates the species to be very widespread ( south to arizona ) in the west ( www . bumblebee . org ) . schmidt and jacobson ( 2005 ) confirm the species as widespread , mostly above 2500 meters , in northern arizona .
no recent studies suggest this species to be threatened on a large scale . at a more localized scale habitat changes , pesticides etc . can have a negative impact . the decline around san francisco might be relate in part to competition from b . vosnesenskii .
no recent sources report this species to be in serious range - wide decline , and colla and packer ( 2008 ) report a slight , but statistically significant , increase recently in southern ontario . see also williams et al . ( 2009 ) . it possibly has also increased in northern illinois , which would be at the southern edge of the eastern range ( grixti et al . , 2009 ) . tuell et al . ( 2008 ) also had this species in their samples in michigan . mcfrederick and lebuhn ( 2005 ) were unable to detect this recently common species in the san francisco area .
queens of this species begin activity later in the season than most others ( grixti et al . , 2009 ) , a trait that is shown by williams et al . ( 2009 ) to predispose bumblebees to declines in various parts of the world .
( > 2 , 500 , 000 square km ( greater than 1 , 000 , 000 square miles ) ) mitchell ( 1962 ) gives the range as pacific coast to michigan , maine and quebec , so apparently this is a rather northern species at least eastward . the urltoken site gives a very similar eastern range and indicates the species to be very widespread ( south to arizona ) in the west ( www . bumblebee . org ) . schmidt and jacobson ( 2005 ) confirm the species as widespread , mostly above 2500 meters , in northern arizona .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
often cited as
redbelted
bumble bee , but use of a hyphen is generally preferred when citing common names ( see aou and bou bird checklists ) .
the female castes can differ in color of facial hairs as this is often yellow in queens but mostly black in workers .
males have large eyes and are relatively small . those with red on t3 - t4 are distinctive but those without can be confused with griseocollis ( not black corners on t2 in most of those ) and nevadensis ( note yellow on t3 in that species ) . antennal proportions are quite helpful . the eyes are less closely approximated above than in nevadensis .
transcontinental . best known at northern sites and in the western mountains . very local in occurrence in the northeastern united states but locally numerous at some sites , such as near albany , new york . some surprising , disjunct records are known from new york and also new jersey ( j . s . ascher , unpublished ) .
typical open sites , especially prairies , but also mountain meadows and sometimes unusual places such as quarries or pine barrens . not generally distributed and seems to avoid cities .
the hosts section of its discover life species page lists known associations based on specimen records and images .
18 pinned adult images plus detailed description of queen , worker , male , distribution , seasonality ( discoverlife . org )
contributed by beatriz moisset on 6 july , 2005 - 5 : 51pm additional contributions by robin mcleod , mike quinn , john s . ascher , h . go last updated 7 march , 2016 - 5 : 47pm
global range : ( > 2 , 500 , 000 square km ( greater than 1 , 000 , 000 square miles ) ) mitchell ( 1962 ) gives the range as pacific coast to michigan , maine and quebec , so apparently this is a rather northern species at least eastward . the urltoken site gives a very similar eastern range and indicates the species to be very widespread ( south to arizona ) in the west ( www . bumblebee . org ) . schmidt and jacobson ( 2005 ) confirm the species as widespread , mostly above 2500 meters , in northern arizona .
lectotype : 1863 . proceedings of the entomological society of america . 2 : 106 .
hilty , j . editor . 2015 . insect visitors of illinois wildflowers . world wide web electronic publication . illinoiswildflowers . info , version ( 09 / 2015 ) see : abbreviations for insect activities , abbreviations for scientific observers , references for behavioral observations
note : for many non - migratory species , occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 7 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
below is a sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
reasons : this species is a relatively widespread northern and western bumble bee that is not reported by any recent sources to be declining widely . while it seems to have disappeared around san franciso , it appears to be increasing in some places . it is also not a member of any subgenus in which declines have been reported or documented . it is secure for now but , like most bumblebees , its status should be monitored .
comments : queens of this species begin activity later in the season than most others ( grixti et al . , 2009 ) , a trait that is shown by williams et al . ( 2009 ) to predispose bumblebees to declines in various parts of the world .
comments : no recent sources report this species to be in serious range - wide decline , and colla and packer ( 2008 ) report a slight , but statistically significant , increase recently in southern ontario . see also williams et al . ( 2009 ) . it possibly has also increased in northern illinois , which would be at the southern edge of the eastern range ( grixti et al . , 2009 ) . tuell et al . ( 2008 ) also had this species in their samples in michigan . mcfrederick and lebuhn ( 2005 ) were unable to detect this recently common species in the san francisco area .
comments : no recent studies suggest this species to be threatened on a large scale . at a more localized scale habitat changes , pesticides etc . can have a negative impact . the decline around san francisco might be relate in part to competition from b . vosnesenskii .
comments : at least many current habitats are secure , possibly unprotected from other threats .
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checklist of apoidea of north america . . . - 12 - oct - 2006 , manuscript ( version 12 - oct - 06 )
john ascher , connal eardley , terry griswold , gabriel melo , andrew polaszek , michael ruggiero , paul williams , ken walker , and natapot warrit . additional credits noted at : urltoken ; = apoidea _ species
krombein , karl v . , paul d . hurd , jr . , david r . smith , and b . d . burks
catalog of hymenoptera in america north of mexico , vol . 2 : apocrita ( aculeata )
bulletin of the natural history museum ( entomology ) , vol . 67 , no . 1
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .


nassarius coralligenus is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family nassariidae , the nassa mud snails or dog whelks .

nassarius coralligenus

what type of species is nassarius coralligenus ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the nassarius coralligenus species belongs to .
which photographers have photos of nassarius coralligenus species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species nassarius coralligenus .
how to identify nassarius coralligenus marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species nassarius coralligenus . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species nassarius coralligenus are marked in green .
where is nassarius coralligenus found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species nassarius coralligenus can be found .
subgenus nassarius ( aciculina ) a . adams , 1853 accepted as nassarius duméril , 1805
species nassarius brychius ( r . b . watson , 1882 ) accepted as nassarius frigens ( martens , 1878 ) accepted as tritia frigens ( martens , 1878 )
species nassarius antiquatus ( r . b . watson , 1897 ) accepted as nassarius recidivus ( martens , 1876 ) accepted as tritia recidiva ( von martens , 1876 )
subgenus nassarius ( usita ) [ sic ] accepted as nassarius ( uzita ) h . adams & a . adams , 1853 accepted as tritia risso , 1826 ( incorrect subsequent spelling )
subgenus nassarius ( telasco ) h . adams & a . adams , 1853 accepted as tritia risso , 1826
subgenus nassarius ( uzita ) h . adams & a . adams , 1853 accepted as tritia risso , 1826
species nassarius denticulatus ( a . adams , 1852 ) accepted as tritia denticulata ( a . adams , 1852 )
( of nassarius ( plicarcularia ) thiele , 1929 ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
( of nassarius ( aciculina ) a . adams , 1853 ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
nassarius - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
( of nassarius ( plicarcularia ) thiele , 1929 ) galindo , l . a . ; puillandre , n . ; utge , j . ; lozouet , p . ; bouchet , p . ( 2016 ) . the phylogeny and systematics of the nassariidae revisited ( gastropoda , buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 337 - 353 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors
( of nassarius ( aciculina ) a . adams , 1853 ) galindo , l . a . ; puillandre , n . ; utge , j . ; lozouet , p . ; bouchet , p . ( 2016 ) . the phylogeny and systematics of the nassariidae revisited ( gastropoda , buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 337 - 353 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors
( of nassa coralligena pallary , 1900 ) pallary p . ( 1900 ) . coquilles marines du littoral du départment d ' oran . journal de conchyliologie . 48 ( 3 ) : 211 - 422 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 275 ; pl . 6 fig . 13 [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .
pallary , p . 1900 . coquilles marines du littoral du département d ' oran . - journal de conchyliologie 48 : 211 - 422 , pl . vi - vii [ = 6 - 8 ] . paris .
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 180 - 213
( pallary , 1900 ) . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at
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pesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi
duméril , a . m . c . ( 1805 ) . zoologie analytique , ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux , rendue plus facile à l’aide de tableaux synoptiques . paris , allais . pp . i - xxxiii + 1 - 344 [ imprint date 1806 ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 166 [ details ]
duméril , 1805 . accessed through : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) european register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 138235 on 2018 - 07 - 09
costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) . european register of marine species .
( of arcularia link , 1807 ) link d . h . f . ( 1807 - 1808 ) . beschreibung der naturalien - sammlung der universität zu rostock . rostock : adlers erben . 1 abt . [ part 1 ] , pp . 1 - 50 ; 2 abt . [ part 2 ] , pp . 51 - 100 ; 3 abt . [ part 3 ] , pp . 101 - 165 ; abt . 4 [ part 4 ] , pp . 1 - 30 ; abt . 5 [ part 5 ] , pp . 1 - 38 [ 1808 ] ; abt . 6 [ part 6 ] , pp . 1 - 38 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 126 [ details ]
cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
( of arcularia link , 1807 ) mörch o . a . l . ( 1863 ) . on the genera of mollusca established by h . f . link in the catalogue of the rostock museum . proceedings of the zoological society of london . for 1862 : 226 - 228 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 227 [ details ]
( of arcularia link , 1807 ) galindo , l . a . ; puillandre , n . ; utge , j . ; lozouet , p . ; bouchet , p . ( 2016 ) . the phylogeny and systematics of the nassariidae revisited ( gastropoda , buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 337 - 353 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors
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( pallary , 1900 ) . accessed through : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) european register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 140493 on 2018 - 07 - 09
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]


polyipnus polli , commonly known as the round hatchetfish , is a species of ray-finned fish in the family sternoptychidae .

it occurs in deep water in the eastern atlantic ocean , at depths between about 250 and 600 metres ( 800 and 2,000 ft ) .

polyipnus polli

there is currently no information regarding the use and / or trade of polyipnus polli .
polyipnus polli is found along the eastern atlantic continental margins , from the gulf of guinea to approximately 25°s ( baird 1971 , 1986 ) . polyipnus polli is characterized as endemic to the subtropical to tropical eastern atlantic . however , unverified occurrences , most likely misidentifications , have been recorded off of greenland and in the eastern gulf of mexico .
there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for polyipnus polli . more research is needed regarding its current population size and trend , as well as its habitat , ecology and life history .
polyipnus polli is mesopelagic and known to be present above 200 m at night ( harold 1994 ) . it inhabits waters below the photic zone ( bowmaker and wagner 2004 ) . more research is needed regarding its habitat , ecology and life history .
justification : polyipnus polli is characterized as endemic to the subtropical to tropical eastern atlantic . however , there are unverified records from off greenland and in the eastern gulf of mexico . there is no use and trade information available for this species . there are no species - specific threats to this species . there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for this species . therefore , this species is listed as least concern , with a need to verify records outside of the eastern atlantic .
harold , a . s . , 1994 . a taxonomic revision of the sternoptychid genus polyipnus ( teleostei : stomiiformes ) with an analysis of phylogenetic relationships . bull . mar . sci . 54 ( 2 ) : 428 - 534 . ( ref . 26382 )
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to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
marine ; bathydemersal ; non - migratory ; depth range 250 - 600 m ( ref . 4462 ) . deep - water ; 31°n - 25°s
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 5 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 26382 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 0 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 14 - 16 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 15 - 18 . deep body and deeper caudal peduncle ( ref . 37473 ) .
non - migrant . dioecious , adult photophore complement acquired at about 20 mm sl ( ref . 4739 ) .
) : 4 . 4 - 10 . 8 , mean 7 . 3 ( based on 114 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01585 ( 0 . 00626 - 0 . 04016 ) , b = 3 . 06 ( 2 . 84 - 3 . 28 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 2 ±0 . 3 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 15 of 100 ) .
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
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non - migrant . dioecious , adult photophore complement acquired at about 20 mm sl ( ref . 4739 ) .
van der land , j . ; costello , m . j . ; zavodnik , d . ; santos , r . s . ; porteiro , f . m . ; bailly , n . ; eschmeyer , w . n . ; froese , r . ( 2001 ) . pisces , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 357 - 374
schultz , 1961 . in : froese , r . and d . pauly . editors . ( 2014 ) fishbase . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at
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e & oe . copyright © 1999 - 2018 by fishwisepro . all rights reserved .
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, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the family .
, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the country .
, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the ecosystem .
cfm script by eagbayani , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by cmilitante , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by cmilitante , 14 / 03 / 2013
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olivar , m . pilar ; hulley , p . alexander ; castellón , arturo ; emelianov , mikhail ; lópez , cristina ; tuset , víctor m . ; contreras , tabit ; molí , balbina
the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2018 - 1 . < urltoken > . downloaded on 09 july 2018 .
schultz , leonard p . , 1961 , revision of the marine silver hatchetfishes ( family sternoptychidae ) , proceedings of the united states national museum , 3 112 , pp . 587 - 649 : 635
this treatment is a stub . you can help plazi making the full treatment available by uploading the source publication .
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
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cfm script by eagbayani , 17 . 11 . 05 , php script by rolavides , 05 / 02 / 08 , last modified by sortiz , 06 . 27 . 17
marine ; bathydemersal ; non - migratory ; depth range 250 - 600 m ( ref . 4462 ) . deep - water , preferred ? ; 31°n - 25°s
distribution : atlantic , indian , and pacific oceans . branchiostegal rays 10 , except sternoptyx with 6 ; 3 on epihyal . branchiostegal photophores 3 - 7 ( mode 6 ) . branchiostegal pseudobranch present . suggested new common name for this family from ref . 58418 .
greek , sternon = chest , breast + greek , ptyx , - ychos = fold , crease ( ref . 45335 ) .
the list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions , which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist .
rather , it reflects the current content of fishbase , and the progress with respect to synchronization with the catalog of fishes . however , we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in fishbase , to start new work on the family , or to cross - check with other lists .
but we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value . in particular , for published scientific , we suggest then to cite it in the material and method section as a useful tool to conduct the research , but again , not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference .
unless it is explicitly precised , the list is not complete , please search all original names published for the family in the catalog of fishes ( genera , species ) , including those with uncertain or unknown status , that are not included in fishbase when they are not attached to a valid species .
this list uses some data from catalog of fishes ( not shown but used to sort names ) .
in the column coff , the digit indicates the status of synchronization with coff : 0 : not checked ; 1 : same status ; 2 : different status ; 3 : other combination ; 4 : synonym in coff ; 5 : species / subspecies issue ; 6 : synonym of another species in coff ; 7 : not in coff ; 8 : should not be in coff . the coff version currently used is the one published on 23 - 07 - 2014 ( ref . 97102 ) .
when subfamilies are recognized , nominotypical subfamily first then other subfamilies by alphabetical order .
type genus of the family first ( or of subfamily when subfamilies are recognized ) then other genera by chronological order of description ( and alphabetical order ) .
type species of the genus first by chronological order ( and alphabetical order ) , with last listed misapplied names in a light gray font .


the rock darter ( etheostoma rupestre ) is a species of darter endemic to the southeastern united states where it is found only in mobile bay drainage .

it is an inhabitant of swiftly flowing riffles of creeks to medium-sized rivers .

this species can reach a length of 8.3 centimetres ( 3.3 in ) tl though most only reach about 6 centimetres ( 2.4 in ) .

rock darter

range included the alabama and tombigbee river systems ( mobile bay drainage ) , alabama , mississippi , georgia , and extreme southeastern tennessee ( page and burr 2011 ) . this darter is common , especially near the fall line where rapids prevail ( page and burr 1991 ) . it is common in the black warrior and cahaba systems of alabama , rarer and spotty elsewhere , especially in the lower parts of the mobile bay drainage ( lee et al . 1980 ) .
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justification : listed as least concern in view of the fairly large extent of occurrence , large number of subpopulations and locations , and large population size , and because the species probably is not declining fast enough to qualify for any of the threatened categories .
this species is represented by a large number of occurrences ( subpopulations ) . total adult population size is unknown but presumably exceeds 10 , 000 . trend over the past three generations is uncertain but probably relatively stable or slowly declining .
habitat includes swift riffles over rocky bottom or bedrock in creeks and small to medium rivers ( lee et al . 1980 , page and burr 2011 ) .
habitat in larger rivers has been much reduced by impoundments , but most habitat and populations in creeks and medium rivers are secure ( boschung and mayden 2004 ) .
currently , this species is of relatively low conservation concern and does not require significant additional protection or major management , monitoring , or research action .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
greek , etheo = to strain + greek , stoma = mouth ; rafinesque said
various mouths
, but jordan and evermann suggest the name might have been intended as
heterostoma ( ref . 45335 )
north america : found only in mobile bay drainage of georgia , alabama , mississippi and extreme southeastern tennessee in the usa .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 8 . 3 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5723 ) ; common length : 6 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 12193 )
inhabits fast rocky riffles of creeks and small to medium rivers ( ref . 5723 ) .
page , l . m . and b . m . burr , 1991 . a field guide to freshwater fishes of north america north of mexico . houghton mifflin company , boston . 432 p . ( ref . 5723 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00501 ( 0 . 00201 - 0 . 01253 ) , b = 3 . 14 ( 2 . 92 - 3 . 36 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 3 ±0 . 5 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 18 of 100 ) .
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