gilbertsocrinus are an extinct genus of paleozoic stalked crinoids .

these stationary upper-level epifaunal suspension feeders lived in the devonian of the czech republic and united states , as well as in the carboniferous of the united kingdom and united states , from 416.0 to 345.0 ma .

gilbertsocrinus

gilbertsocrinus dispansus wachsmuth & springer , 1897 - fossil crinoid from the mississippian of indiana , usa . ( william morgan collection )
gilbertsocrinus is a common middle devonian to lower mississippian crinoid from europe , north america , and china . this crinoid has several very unusual features , such as tegmen appendages , minute arms , a very flexible column , and an unusual holdfast . it is demonstrated that a bulbous holdfast does not exist in gilbertsocrinus , as previously interpreted . gilbertsocrinus is an unusual crinoid ; however , it has a distal coil rather than a tuberous holdfast . gilbertsocrinus est un crinoïde répandu du dévonien moyen au mississippien inférieur d ' europe , d ' amérique du nord et de chine . ce crinoïde présente plusieurs caractéristiques inhabituelles telles que des appendices du tegmen , de minuscules bras , une colonne très flexible et un crampon inhabituel . il est démontré que , contrairement aux interprétations antérieures , un crampon bulbeux n ' est pas présent chez gilbertsocrinus . si le crampon de gilbertsocrinus est effectivement inhabituel , il s ' agit d ' une spirale distale plutôt que d ' un crampon tubéreux .
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : see view # 1 for additional information . photo title : crinoid - view # 2 taxa present : gilbertsocrinus alpenensis ummp specimen number : hypotype 27690 view full record
specimen count 1 record last modified 5 jul 2018 geological age paleozoic - mississippian - lower / early stratigraphy osage group - burlington ls nmnh - paleobiology dept . taxonomy animalia echinodermata crinoidea diplobathrida rhodocrinitidae see more items in paleogeneral echinodermata echinodermata crinoidea biologic paleobiology place iowa , united states usnm number s7310 published name gilbertsocrinus tuberculosus ( hall )
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : alpena , alpena , mi strat unit : thunder bay formation submitter notes : this specimen is theholotype for the species . it is 1 . 5 cm across . photo title : crinoid taxa present : gilbertsocrinus alpenensis ummp specimen number : holotype 9433 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is a hypotype . it is 1 . 2 cm tall . photo title : crinoid - view # 1 taxa present : gilbertsocrinus alpenensis ummp specimen number : hypotype 27690 view full record
description : this unusual crinoid is known as gilbertsocrinus tuberosus . these alien - looking crinoids derive the generic name for obvious reasons . crinoids such as these are easily disarticulated , but this one is quite intact on the display side , preserved in a fine 3 - d aspect . the tubular appendages of gilbertsocrinus are unique among the crinoids , and were originally thought to be the arms until those were later found in better - preserved examples . the delicate arms and pinnules can be seen within the sheltering appendages . the stem of this crinoid is highly fexible , and is often found looped back upon itself . much preparation time was expended in freely this wonderful crinoid from its matrix prison , with the siltstone sculpted to afford this fine freestanding specimen .
screwstones are chert clasts from the lower carboniferous ( mississippian ) of derbyshire in which the internal moulds of the axial canal of crinoid pluricolumnals have a screw - like appearance . they are commonly regarded as curiosities , but chert can preserve the morphological details of crinoid ossicles exquisitely . the thecae of gilbertsocrinus occur only in the tournaisian ( ivorian to chadian ) of the british isles , yet their distinctive columnals range from upper devonian ( famennian ) to visean ( brigantian ) in the same region . the youngest such columnals , rounded in outline with a narrow to moderately broad marginal crenularium , a broad pentalobate lumen , and heteromorphic with two orders of internodal , are described as gilbertsocrinus fionae sp . nov . from cherts of the monsal dale limestone formation of youlgrave , derbyshire .
this is a 2 . 3
wide gilbertsocrinus dispansus crinoid fossil from the famous witherspoon crinoid quarry near crawfordsville , indiana . the quality of preparation on this fossil is exquisite - using skillful air - abrasion techniques under a stereo microscope . it is believed that crinoids from the edwardsville formation were buried in sediment from nearby deltas during storms . the resulting siltstone deposits are soft enough that fossils can be extracted in exquisite , three - dimensional relief .
. . . this situation is beginning to change , with studies on the holdfasts of gilbertsocrinus phillips 1836 and barycrinus meek & worthen 1868 ( hollis & ausich 2008 , 2009 ) and on the role of holdfasts in the life history of upper ordovician crinoids ( brett et al . 2008 ) . mcghee ( 1999 ) pointed out the similarity of crinoids to tropical trees ; he likened the arms to the canopy , the stem to the trunk and the holdfast to the root system ( fig . 1 ) . . . .
this is a spectacular crinoid association from the world famous crawfordsville crinoid locality collected by tom witherspoon there are 10 crinoids on the plate , representing 8 different species . this is a natural association and none of them were composited onto the plate . the species on this piece include gilbertsocrinus dispansus , sarocrinus varsorensis , cyathocrinites iowensis , cyathocrinites harrodi , cyathocrinites multibrachiatus , agaricocrinus americannus , captocrinus myelodactyius and abrotocrinus manus . numbers identifying the crinoids is present on the back of the specimen . the preparation on this piece is spectacular and it represents many dozens of hours of work by one of the best preparitors around .
this is a huge , museum quality crinoid plate from the ramp creek limestone in indiana . the entire plate measures 20 inches wide and contains around 24 crinoids representing at least 6 different genus ( cyathocrinus , macrocrinus , taxocrinus , gilbertsocrinus , sarocrinus , scatalocrinus ) . the crinoids are very , 3d and stand out in high relief against the limestone . a piece like this takes and incredible number of hours to prepare so at this price you are basically just paying for the preparation work . the plate would have come out of the ground in several pieces , so it has repairs , and restoration work down to the matrix to fill in gaps .
death assemblages preserved on bedding planes - fossil ' sea floors ' - are important palaeontological sampling points . a fossil sea floor from salthill quarry ( mississippian ) , clitheroe , lancashire , preserves a mixture of crinoid debris with rarer tabulate corals and has yielded a rich diversity of palaeoecological information . identifiable crinoids include gilbertsocrinus sp . and a platycrinitid , associated with columnals / pluricolumnals , brachials / arms and a basal circlet , crinoid - infesting tabulate corals such as cladochonus sp . and emmonsiaparasitica ( phillips ) , and the spoor of a pit - forming organism . long pluricolumnals showing sub - parallel orientations suggest a current azimuth ; one coral is silicifled with the mineral beekite .
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• type locality u . c . location s . 8049 ( zone c ) - clark and durham ( 1946 ) ( eocene of colombia )
geological time : lower mississippian osagean stage ( 345 m . y . a )
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hollis , k . a . & ausich , w . i . 2009 : ontogeny and life - history strategy of barycrinus ( crinoidea , mississippian ) . lethaia , vol . 42 , pp . 138 - 145 discovery of an encrusting juvenile holdfast assigned to the mississippian crinoid barycrinus demonstrates that this stalked crinoid had a complex life history . the free - swimming larva settled to become a hard substratum encrusting juvenile , which broke . . . [ show full abstract ]
a low - diversity crinoid fauna is described from the fitchville formation , lower mississippian ( late devonian to early mississippian ) of utah county , utah . based on the crinoid fauna , composed of nunnacrinus olsoni new species , paracosmetocrinus lundi new species , and platycrinites sp . , this fauna is interpreted as being from the kinderhookian , upper fitchville formation . this occurrence of . . . [ show full abstract ]
stratigraphical and geographical distribution of mississippian ( lower carboniferous ) crinoidea from . . .
a total of 47 genera , in 80 species , of mississippian , or lower carboniferous , crinoids are evaluated from 61 localities in scotland based on a modern update of the literature , study of museum collections , and new field work . among the 80 species , 76 are considered valid , with eight requiring new combinations of genus and species names . in addition , one species is considered a nomen dubium , . . . [ show full abstract ]
gilmocrinus kentuckyensis n . sp . from the late osagean ( mississippian ) muldraugh member of the borde . . .
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a complete camerate crinoid crown and stem prepared three - dimensionally out of a matrix . resin . indiana .
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crinoids ( sea lilies ) are sessile , benthic , filter - feeding , stalked echinoderms that are relatively common in the marine fossil record . crinoids are also a living group , but are relatively uncommon in modern oceans . a crinoid is essentially a starfish - on - a - stick . the stick , or stem , is composed of numerous stacked columnals , like small poker chips . stems and individual columnals are the most commonly encountered crinoid fossils in the field . intact , fossilized crinoid heads ( crowns , calices , cups ) are unusual . why ? upon death , the crinoid body starts disintegrating very rapidly . the soft tissues holding the skeletal pieces together decay and the skeleton falls apart .
this is an articulated crown of platycrinus saffordi from the famous crawfordsville crinoid fauna in indiana . the deposit is well known for its abundance of exceptionally preserved , articulated fossil crinoids and other echinoderms . this crinoid occurrence is one of the most spectacular on earth - it contains at least 63 different crinoid species ( ausich , 1999 ) , many of which are quite sizable .
ausich , w . i . 1999 . lower mississippian edwardsville formation at crawfordsville , indiana , usa . pp . 145 - 154 in fossil crinoids . cambridge , u . k . cambridge university press .
submitted on 2008 - 10 - 28 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is a hypotype . it is 2 . 3 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : decadocrinus stewartae ummp specimen number : hypotype 27707 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 10 - 28 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is the holotype for the species . it is 2 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : decadocrinus wrightae silicaensis ummp specimen number : holotype 57905 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 10 - 28 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : alpena , alpena , mi strat unit : thunder bay formation submitter notes : this specimen is the holotype for the species . it is 2 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : corocrinus pettyesi ummp specimen number : holotype 30529 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 10 - 28 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is the holotype for the species . it is 1 / 7 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : cunctocrinus fortunatus ummp specimen number : holotype 57431 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 10 - 28 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is the holotype for the species . it is 1 . 5 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : decadocrinus hughwingi ummp specimen number : holotype 30528 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen the holotype for the species . it is 1 . 5 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : eutaxocrinus wideneri ummp specimen number : holotype 57920 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is a paratype . it is 1 . 7 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : eutaxocrinus wideneri ummp specimen number : paratype 57907 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is a paratype . it is 2 . 4 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : eutaxocrinus wideneri ummp specimen number : paratype 57897 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is a paratype . it is 2 . 4 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : eutaxocrinus wideneri ummp specimen number : paratype 57899 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : milan , washtenaw , mi strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is the holotype for the species . it is 1 . 3 cm tall . photo title : crinoid - view # 1 taxa present : gennaeocrinus chilmanae ummp specimen number : holotype 57173 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : milan , washtenaw , mi strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : see view # 1 for additional information . photo title : crinoid - view # 2 taxa present : gennaeocrinus chilmanae ummp specimen number : holotype 57173 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : , alpena , mi strat unit : bell formation submitter notes : this specimen is a paratype . it is 0 . 8 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : logocrinus conicus ummp specimen number : paratype 57222 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is a hypotype . it is 1 . 6 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : opsiocrinus mariae ummp specimen number : hypotype 61006 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : alpena , alpena , mi strat unit : thunder bay formation submitter notes : this specimen is the holotype for the species . it is 1 . 4 cm across . photo title : crinoid - view # 1 taxa present : lennaeocrinus goldringae ummp specimen number : holotype 9434 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : alpena , alpena , mi strat unit : thunder bay formation submitter notes : see view # 1 for additional information . photo title : crinoid - view # 2 taxa present : lennaeocrinus goldringae ummp specimen number : holotype 9434 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is a hypotype . it is 5 . 5 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : proctothylacocrinus longus ummp specimen number : hypotype 51725 view full record
submitted on 2008 - 11 - 02 by ummp invertebrate paleontology location ( approximate ) : sylvania , lucas , oh strat unit : silica formation submitter notes : this specimen is a paratype . it is 7 cm tall . photo title : crinoid taxa present : proctothylacocrinus longus ummp specimen number : paratype 27694 view full record
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* * * important * * * fyi . . effective now . . all payments made will show as being paid to
prehistoric fossils
. we are changing the name of the business to
prehistoric fossils
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the overall size of this plate measures approx . 3 1 / 2″ wide x 6 1 / 2″ long .
* this value is calculated using researchgate data and is based on average citation counts from work published in this journal . the data used in the calculation may not be exhaustive .
during mois 2 devensian ice spread into the vale of york and down the north sea coast to norfolk . the writer has been investigating the geomorphological impact since 1954 , and this paper is essentially a personal assessment of various events and their consequences . evidence is provided for two distinct advances of ice into lincolnshire and eastern yorkshire , the later being the last glacial maximum ( lgm ) and the earlier a pre - lgm event . other views regarding the lgm in holderness and southern yorkshire are challenged . consideration is given to the extents and levels of proglacial lakes , and a case is made that a bedrock sill at gainsborough exerted stronger control on lake levels than oscillations of ice in the humber gap . isostatic displacements related to the two advances are held responsible for the existence of lake humber in two discrete phases .
the sediments at welton - le - wold have been described and discussed for some 40 years , mainly because of two important features , the discovery of artefacts beneath ancient tills and the direct overlay of devensian till on one of these . quarry operations ceased in 1973 , and in 2004 a report for english heritage ( aram et al , 2004 ) described renewed research and also presented an interpretation of environmental circumstances that differed from earlier accounts . the earlier views were reiterated ( straw , 2005 ) , but two recent papers ( green , 2011 ; gamble , 2014 ) relied on the 2004 version . data concerning the sediments , their modes and environments of deposition are now confirmed , and age estimates place the older deposits firmly within mois 8 ( 300 - 245ka bp ) .
in addition to the two new fossil locations previously described within chamwood forest , multiple new fossil planes , including new locations , have been discovered over the last year . multiple disc - form fossils abound in these localities . probable new species are described , albeit largely as single specimens . one of the newly discovered localities offers the highest concentration of fossil forms to be found within charnwood forest to date .
new localities with precambrian fossils have been found in charnwood forest . new specimens include hadrynichorde aff . catalinensis , which is a species potentially new to britain . also revealed are juvenile forms of organisms not recorded previously , and fossil forms that have no clear associations with currently recognised species .
the lower jurassic marlstone rock formation was formerly worked for ironstone near denton ( se lincolnshire ) , and the middle jurassic northampton sand formation near hungerton and colsterworth ( se lincolnshire ) and saltby ( ne leicestershire ) , southwest and south of grantham . two ammonites from the northampton sand formation at hungerton are illustrated .
when the upper greensand of the haldon hills was surveyed in the 1960s poor exposure made its subdivision impossible , but a seismic survey revealed a remarkable thickness variation from 16m to 84m . this variation was explained in terms of contemporaneous down - folding of the basement during deposition . later excavations for the re - aligned a38 road across great haldon yielded good sections that enabled a succession to be compiled and aided correlation with the sections in east devon . there remain major questions concerning the erosional history of the upper greensand , and there is no explanation either for the survival of the haldon hills themselves or for the absence of any upper greensand outliers between haldon and the main outcrop of east devon .
discrete , funnel - shaped structures consisting of downwarped and disrupted strata are described from a restricted stratigraphical interval in the late neoproterozoic charnian supergroup , just above the base of the bradgate formation at exposures in bradgate park , in charnwood forest , leicestershire . the structures occur within a deep - water marine turbidite succession and have attracted much attention , with a variety of explanations advanced to account for their origin including volcanic bomb - impacts and burrowing organisms . this article describes these structures , interprets their mode of origin , and concludes that they compare with features known as ' thixotropic wedges ' . the latter have been described from various other parts of the world and are commonly placed within a category of soft - sediment deformation phenomenon known as ' seismites ' . such an association may have important implications for the style of turbidite sedimentation in the charnian supergroup as a whole .
in 1849 , john plant reported
polypidoms of a coralline
from the
keuper sandstone
exposed in a railway cutting near leicester . he proposed the name gorgonia keuperi for these structures , but this is a nomen nudum . subsequent authors have consistently questioned the organic origin of ' gorgonia keuperi ' , or considered it to be an ichnofossil , but it has never been illustrated . museum specimens labelled ' gorgonia keuperi ' have been found to contain a number of ichnofossils , amongst which the commonly occurring planolites montanus is considered most likely to be the inspiration for what john plant termed ' ' gorgonia ' .
a considerable volume of palaeoclimatic research has emerged in the last 20 years since the initial publication of the greenland ice core records . this review focuses on the pattern of holocene climate change that includes a remarkable oscillation in the so - called 8 . 2 ka bp event . the footprint of this is tracked across the north atlantic , from its spectacular origins in the hudson bay megaflood , to the greenland ice sheet , and on into western europe and beyond . researchers are unanimous in recognising a sharp temperature downturn in this anomaly , but differ in their understanding of its impact on precipitation . a hypothesis of cold aridity is proposed , and the paper concludes with a speculative look into the future .
phosphate is a minor component of mesozoic and tertiary formations . it occurs widely scattered as nodules in argillaceous sediments , but is commonly concentrated in pebble beds and may be found replacing fossils . phosphatic animal remains are rare and commonly occur immediately above major discontinuities , and fossilised animal faeces ( coprolites ) are extremely rare . phosphatic pisoliths occur at only one horizon .
the hucklow - eyam - longstone area is largely composed of the monsal dale and eyam limestones subdivisions of the carboniferous limestone , with a cover of millstone grit shales and sandstones . workable mineral veins are hosted in late visean limestones above the cressbrook dale lava . a few have been followed beneath the namurian shale cover . the limestones dip gently eastwards except for the late visean longstone edge monocline . the e - w hucklow edge rake and the watersaw - high - deep rake vein systems dominate and a geological history of fracturing in late visean times followed by episodic mineralization in westphalian times can be deduced .


hypobapta percomptaria is a moth of the family geometridae .

it is known from australia , including south australia , new south wales , queensland , victoria and tasmania .

the wingspan is about 50 mm .

adults are grey-brown with wavy lines .

specimens from tasmania are generally paler than mainland specimens .

the larvae feed on eucalyptus species .

young larvae are brown with a red head and tail .

later instars become green with a conical head .

hypobapta percomptaria

this caterpillar is initially brown with a red head and tail . later it becomes green with a conical head .
the adult moth is grey - brown with wavy lines . the undersides have a rosy suffusion , and each wing has a broad black submarginal band . the wingspan is about 4 cms .
the eggs are smooth and somewhat conical ovals . they are laid in irregular clusters .
volume 9 , part 9 ( 1857 ) , plate 6 , fig . 4 ,
melbourne university press , 1990 , pl . 26 . 13 , fig . 37 . 5 , p . 371 .
volume 9 , part 9 ( 1857 ) , pp . 280 - 281 ,
volume 32 , number 2 ( november 2009 ) , pp . 161 - 166 .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
guenée , a . 1857 ,
uranides et phalénites
, ed . boisduval , j . - a . & guenée , a . ( eds ) , histoire naturelle des insectes . species général des lépidoptères , vol . 9 , librarie encyclopédique de roret , paris
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 3ef52e38 - 2bf5 - 4a5d - 98d8 - 8c8a3db4c009
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7ac7a8e8 - 54b9 - 47b8 - 85eb - bb7337405452
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7ae4904b - 990f - 4e40 - 977a - 5ded39badc8e
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : c0ec8903 - f21a - 41f3 - a177 - 49a5f753ad45
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 99192177 - 5832 - 4281 - 95d0 - 46af2e98b417
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 412683
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when i first discovered this macro world of amazing color and design i never expected that 22 months later i would still be posting so many different types of moths and bugs . . . . many of these creatures are only fingernail size which with the aid of an 18mp sony hx20v camera and photoshop it has been possible to present them to the world . to the naked eye they appear as dark shapes which most people would not notice . . . all these pictures are taken at night on our upper balcony and none of them have been harmed . we live next to a rainforest which may account for the amazing variety . . . . . i hope you enjoy them , and thanks in advance for any views & comments . .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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hypatima mangiferae is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by satter in 1989 .

it is found in kenya .

the larvae feed on mangifera indica .

hypatima mangiferae

hypatima mangiferae satter , 1989 ; bull . ent . res . 79 ( 3 ) : 412 ; tl : kenya
hypatima antsianakella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 209
hypatima issikiana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39
hypatima manjakatompo viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 211
hypatima perinetella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 210
hypatima venefica ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
hypatima anguinea ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37
hypatima antiastis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38
hypatima apparitrix ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38
hypatima aridella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38
hypatima caryodora ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38
hypatima cirrhospila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38
hypatima corynetis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38
hypatima ericta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38
hypatima indica ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39
hypatima instaurata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39
hypatima isopogon ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39
hypatima isoptila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39
hypatima isotricha ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39
hypatima lactifera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39
hypatima melanocharis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39
hypatima nodifera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40
hypatima orthomochla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40
hypatima parichniota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40
hypatima particulata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40
hypatima phacelota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40
hypatima pilosella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40
hypatima rhicnota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40
hypatima silvestris ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
hypatima syncrypta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
hypatima tephroptila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
hypatima tonsa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
hypatima verticosa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
hypatima xerophanta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
hypatima xylotechna ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
hypatima acicula park & ponomarenko , 1999 ; species diversity 4 : 326 ; tl : s . thailand , khaoyai
hypatima stenosa park & ponomarenko , 1999 ; species diversity 4 : 331 ; tl : s . thailand , khaoyai
hypatima disetosella park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 75 ; tl : nantou co . , taiwan
hypatima issikiana park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 77 ; tl : pingtung co . , taiwan
hypatima nigro - grisea [ = nigrogrisea ] janse , 1949 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 1 ) : 47
hypatima rhomboidella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40 ; [ fe ]
hypatima spathota ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
hypatima excellentella ponomarenko , 1991 ; ent . obozr . 70 ( 3 ) : 617 ; tl : barabash - levada , primorskii krai
hypatima venefica ponomarenko , 1991 ; ent . obozr . 70 ( 3 ) : 616 ; tl : barbash - levada , primorskii krai
hypatima disetosella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 47 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38
hypatima pentagonia park & ponomarenko , 1999 ; species diversity 4 : 325 ; tl : nw . thailand , chiang mai , doi suthep - pui np , 1380m
hypatima arignota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38 ; park & ponomarenko , 1999 , species diversity 4 : 330
hypatima haligramma ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39 ; park & ponomarenko , 1999 , species diversity 4 : 332
hypatima iophana ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29 ; park & ponomarenko , 1999 , species diversity 4 : 322
hypatima teramotoi ueda , 2012 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 62 ( 2 ) : 81 ; tl : japan , honshu , osaka pref . , sakai city
hypatima acris park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 83 ; tl : taiwan , tainan co . , 2 - 3km s kwantzuling , ca . 350m
hypatima excellentella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 38 ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )
hypatima ( chelariini ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ fe ]
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[ democratic republic of congo , north kivu ] , belgian congo , tshambi , 975 m , 28 . x–07xi . 1933 , leg . g . f . de witte .
meyrick e . 1938a . exploration du parc national albert . pterophoridae , tortricina and tineina . - institut des parcs nationaux du congo belge 14 : 3–28 , pl . 1–3 .
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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
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[ south africa , kwazulu - natal ] ,
patria terra natalensis
, leg . j . a . wahlberg .
zeller p . c . 1852b . lepidoptera microptera , quae j . a . wahlberg in caffrorum terra collegit . - — : 1–120 .
this translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations .
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= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 182 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]
= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 166 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]
= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 189 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]
= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 192 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ afromoths ]
= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 249 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]
= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 167 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]
= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 198 ; [ nacl ] , 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 37 ; [ sangmi lee ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 29 ; [ afromoths ]
chelaria agriogramma meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 153 ; tl : mt murud , 4500ft
chelaria albo - grisea [ = albogrisea ] walsingham , 1881 ; trans . ent . soc . 1881 ( 2 ) : 264 , pl . 12 , f . 34 ; tl : spring vale
chelaria ammonura meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 430 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
chelaria anguinea meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 161 ; tl : khasi hills , assam
anthotypa ( meyrick , 1939 ) ( chelaria ) ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 89 ( 4 ) : 54
chelaria antiastis meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 514 ; tl : andamans , port blair
chelaria apparitrix meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 164 ; tl : java , preanger , 5000ft
chelaria aridella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 639 ; tl : sarawak , borneo
artochroma diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 20
chelaria attenuata meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 300 ; tl : new south wales , sydney
chelaria baliodes lower , 1920 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . aust . 44 : 66 ; tl : warra , s . queensland
chelaria binummulata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : natal , weenen
chelaria brachyrrhiza meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 431 ; tl : fiji , lautoka
chelaria caryodora meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 164 ; tl : khasi hills , assam
chelaria cirrhospila meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 302 ; tl : khasi hills , assam
chelaria corynetis meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 162 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
cryptopluta diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 21
nothris cyrtopleura turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 165 ; tl : n . australia , port darwin ; n . queensland , kuranda
chelaria demonstrata meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 303 ; tl : new guinea , kei is .
chelaria dermatica meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 432 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
taiwan , thailand , philippines , ceylon , andaman is . , borneo , sulawesi , queensland . see [ maps ]
tituacea [ sic ] deviella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 43
chelaria discissa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 581 ; tl : queensland , cairns
disposita ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( chelaria ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 71
nothris dissidens meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 301 ; tl : waterval onder
ephippias ( meyrick , 1937 ) ( chelaria ) ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 3 ) : 95
chelaria ericta meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 162 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
chelaria euchorda meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 31 ; tl : brazil , para , parintins
cymatomorpha euplecta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 412 ; tl : brisbane , queensland ; sydney , new south wales ; gisborne , victoria ; quorn , south australia
larva on quercus mongolica ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39
chelaria formidolosa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 581 ; tl : natal , pinetown
chelaria haligramma meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 382 ; tl : anakapalli , s . india
larva on anacardium occidentale ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 39
chelaria harpophora meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 431 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
psoricoptera hora busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 14 ; tl : alhajuela , panama
chelaria improba meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 297 ; tl : barberton
gelechia indica swinhoe , 1885 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1885 : 884 ; tl : bombay , india
chelaria instaurata meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 165 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft
chelaria iophana meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 162 ; tl : ceylon
chelaria isopogon meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : belke , kanara , india
chelaria isoptila meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 163 ; tl : kandy , ceylon
chelaria isotricha meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 164 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft
chelaria lactifera meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 161 ; tl : khasi hills , assam
chelaria lecticata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 282 ; tl : transvaal , pilgrims rest
chelaria loxosaris meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 21 ; tl : natal , umkomaas
chelaria mancipata meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 297 ; tl : three sisters
chelaria melanecta meyrick , 1914 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 8 ) : 246 ; tl : transvaal , johannesburg
chelaria melanocharis meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 16 - 17 ) : 511 ; tl : telawa , java
chelaria meliptila meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 283 ; tl : new ireland , st . matthias i .
chelaria metaphorica meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 430 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
chelaria microgramma meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 301 ; tl : new south wales , sydney
mycetinopa ( meyrick , 1934 ) ( chelaria ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 15 ) : 451
chelaria nimbigera meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 283 ; tl : new ireland , new hanover i .
chelaria nodifera meyrick , 1930 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 99 ( suppl ) : 724 ; tl : tonkin
chelaria orthomochla meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 199 ; tl : java
chelaria orthostathma meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 429 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
chelaria parichniota meyrick , 1938 ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : 4 ; tl : likiang , china
chelaria particulata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 167 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
chelaria phacelota meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 166 ; tl : peradeniya , ceylon
gelechia pilosella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 640 ; tl : sarawak , borneo
chelaria probolaea meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 298 ; tl : barberton
allocota procax meyrick , 1911 ; trans . linn . soc . lond . ( 2 ) 14 : 274
chelaria rhicnota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 580 ; tl : shevaroys , s . india
larva on mangifera indica ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40
= ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40 ; [ nhm card ]
= ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 40 ; [ nhm card ]
larva on betula spp . , alnus spp . , corylus avellana , carpinus betulus , populus spp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
chelaria scopulosa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 165 ; tl : karwar , kanara
cymatomorpha scotia turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 160 ; tl : n . queensland , kuranda
chelaria silvestris meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 164 ; tl : khasi hills , assam
allocota simulacrella meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 420 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
chelaria solutrix meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 69 ; tl : woodbush village
sorograpta ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( chelaria ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 70
chelaria spathota meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 165 ; tl : konkan , bombay
larva on mangifera indica , lannea grandis ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
deuteroptila sphenophora meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 419 ; tl : brisbane , queensland
chelaria stasimodes meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 70
subdentata diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 17
gelechia sublectella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 640 ; tl : sarawak , borneo
chelaria syncrypta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 580 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
chelaria tenebrosa meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 301 ; tl : south australia , quorn
chelaria tephroplintha meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 30 ; tl : fiji , labasa
chelaria tephroptila meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 70 ; tl : mahableshwar , bombay
larva on quercus acutissima , quercus serrata , q . variabilis , q . glauca , q . phillyraeoides ueda , 2012 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 62 ( 2 ) : 85
chelaria tessulata meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 431 ; tl : queensland , cairns
semodictis tetraptila meyrick , 1909 ; ann . transv . mus . 2 ( 1 ) : 16 , pl . 5 , f . 7 ; tl : kranspoort , pretoria
chelaria tonsa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 164 ; tl : khasi hills , assam
episacta toreuta turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 162 ; tl : n . queensland , kuranda , near cairns
chelaria trachyspila meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 354
chelaria triannulata meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 69 ; tl : woodbush village
tricosma ( meyrick , 1933 ) ( chelaria ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 355
larva on quercus mongolica ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 41
chelaria verticosa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 166 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft
chelaria xerophanta meyrick , 1930 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 99 ( suppl ) : 724 ; tl : tonkin
chelaria xylotechna meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 199 ; tl : java
chelaria zesticopa meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 514 ; tl : texas , alpine , fort davis , 5000 - 8000ft ; new mexico , bent , 7000ft
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
microlepidoptera of new guinea , results of the third archbold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv
the natural history of british insects ; explaining them in their several states . . . with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microscope
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition
in gardiner , no . xii . tortricina and tineina . results of the percy sladen trust expedition to the indian ocean in 1905
walsingham , 1881 on the tortricidae , tineidae , and pterophoridae of south africa trans . ent . soc . 1881 ( 2 ) : 219 - 288 , pl . 10 - 13
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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dentalium neohexagonum is a species of tusk shell , a marine scaphopod mollusk in the family dentaliidae .

as the latin name implies , the cross section of this shell is hexagonal ; hence its common name is six-sided tusk shell .

this species occurs along the central and southern california coast of the pacific ocean .

the shells of this species are known to have been used by the chumash people at least as early as circa 1000 ad , in the morro bay area .

they were used as shell money rather than food .

dentalium neohexagonum

dentalium neohexagonum , the sixsided tusk shell . it is a little under an inch long . ( january 2014 )
belongs to dentalium according to u . s . grant and h . r . gale 1931
pilsbry h . a . & sharp b . ( 1897 - 1898 ) . scaphopoda , in manual of conchology , ( 1 ) 17 , p . i - xxxii [ 1898 ] , 1 - 144 [ 1897 ] 145 - 280 [ 1898 ] , pl . 1 - 26 [ 1897 ] , 27 - 37 [ 1898 ] . conchological section , academy of natural sciences , philadelphia , available online at urltoken [ details ]
sharp & pilsbry in pilsbry & sharp , 1897 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 344168 on 2018 - 07 - 09
keen , a . m . 1971 . sea shells of tropical west america . marine mollusks from baja california to peru , ed . 2 . stanford university press . xv , 1064 pp . , 22 pls . [ details ]
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turgeon , d . d . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , w . k . emerson , w . g . lyons , w . pratt , et al .
turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .
common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
this is a fragment of the shell of a scaphopod ( tusk shell ) . the cross section is hexagonal . this species is still extant , and its common name is the six - sided tusk shell . the length is 1 . 2 cm .
back to itano family home page last modified : august 22 , 1998 . send comments to webmaster @ urltoken
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from old spanish coins to shark teeth to beach glass to seashells , every beach has treasures to make it special . the beach ' s treasures might even be the gorgeous views or spectacular sunsets ! we at beach treasures and treasure beaches love to explore , and we would be thrilled if you would join us on our treasure hunts .
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some special little shells have washed up around the county in the past few weeks . i’ve been lucky to be able to sneak off to the beach here and there in the midst of a busy schedule , and was thrilled to find my first - ever tusk shell in january on the sand at false point , on the northern end of the tourmaline surfing park . it is a six - sided tusk shell , and there was only one . after looking for tusk shells on and off for the past 37 years in san diego , this seemed pretty special .
then , last week , i took a walk south from the southern end of imperial beach , and found a lot of tusk shells in the drift debris at low tide . these were almost all the indian money tusk , the shell that was prized as currency by the native peoples of the west coast in the past . two little six - sided tusks were found that day also .
antalis pretiosum , the indian money tusk . the largest is a little over an inch long . ( february 2014 )
back at false point in january , there were tiny tinted wentletraps washed up here and there on the sand . the largest in the photo is about ¼ inch long .
one more san diego beach treasure…but from a while ago , are these trivias found in the shelly debris at low tide way back around the year 2000 . they were found at torrey pines state beach , and i have never seen them since . they are about ¼ inch long .
robyn , what fun ! you have quite an eye . these tiny beach treasures are absolutely wonderful ! thank you so much for sharing your beachy times and your amazing treasure trove with us ! i feel as if i’ve just had a great day at the beach too ! ~ jody


aphrissa orbis , the orbed sulphur , is a butterfly in the family pieridae .

it is native to hispaniola and cuba but is a very rare stray to florida .

the habitat consists of tropical moist forests above 500 meters .

the wingspan is 63 – 76 mm ( 2.5 – 3.0 in ) .

the upper surface of the male forewings is pale lemon yellow with a large orange patch on the basal third .

the female upper surface is deep ochre , the underside of the hindwing with a large brown patch .

there are multiple generations per year on cuba and hispaniola .

they feed on flower nectar of various flowers , including ageratum conyzoides , antigonon leptotus and hibiscus species .

the larvae feed on poinciana pulcherrima .

aphrissa orbis

aphrissa orbis ( poey , 1832 ) = callidryas orbis poey , 1832 = phoebis orbis = aphrissa orbis orbis = phoebis orbis poey 1832 = callidryas orbis poey 1832 .
aphrissa orbis orbis sulphur male guanahacabibes 27 mar 1993 . coll . d . s . smith . specimen from the collection of the oxford university museum of natural history .
recognizing females of the common phoebis sennae sennae and new aphrissa orbis orbis in the field is very difficult . there is more variability with respect to hue and markings in phoebis sennae so that complicates the issue . here are some comparative observations from dr . jacqueline miller of the mc guire center at the florida museum of natural history where she illustrates this with their library pictures
phoebis ( aphrissa ) statira hispaniolae munroe , 1947 ; ; tl : dominican rep .
aphrissa butler , 1873 ; lepid . exotica ( 19 ) : 155 ; ts : papilio statira cramer
= aphrissa statira ; godman & salvin , [ 1889 ] , biol . centr . - amer . , lep . rhop . 2 : 147
aphrissa statira statira ; winhard , 2000 , butterflies of the world 10 : 12 , pl . 15 , f . 9 ; [ ecul ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 81a
= aphrissa statira ; godman & salvin , [ 1889 ] , biol . centr . - amer . , lep . rhop . 2 : 147 ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 8
aphrissa statira ; godman & salvin , [ 1889 ] , biol . centr . - amer . , lep . rhop . 2 : 147 ; dyar , 1903 , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 52 : 8 ; [ bcr ] , 104 ; [ nacl ] , # 4233 ; [ ebw ] ; [ opler ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 81
upper surface of male forewing pale lemon yellow with large orange patch on basal third . female upper surface deep ocher , underside of hindwing with large brown patch .
many flights in cuba ; many from april - august on hispaniola ; also other months .
flower nectar including that of ageratum conyzoides , antigonon leptotus , and hibiscus species .
g3 - very rare or local throughout its range or found locally in a restricted range ( 21 to 100 occurrences ) . ( threatened throughout its range ) .
brazil ( rio de janeiro , amazonas ) , peru . see [ maps ]
1400x1113 ( ~ 177kb ) underside usa : sierra vista , cochise co . , arizona , 8 . 8 . 2005 , photo © markku savela
e - mail : jshuey at tnc . org ; director of conservation science ; indiana office of the nature conservancy ;
butterflies of north america . 2 . scientific names list for butterfly species of north america , north of mexico .
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
winhard , 2000 pieridae i butterflies of the world 10 : 1 - 40 , pl . title , 1 - 48 , back
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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the marking near the end of the forewing cell is usually dark brown and slightly cut out along the outer margin .
below , this end cell spot is enlarged and more magenta with white overscaling . the same color combination can be seen along the lateral or outside margin on the forewing .
there is a reddish brown , jagged submarginal spotband that extends from near the fw apex and extends about half way down the wing .
female above , marking at the end of the cell is circular with usually an open circle ( white or off white ) in center .
marking at end of cell becomes double spots , silver in center and outlined in reddish brown .
a reddish brown submarginal spotband which extends nearly to the anal or near the posterior margin of the wing .
basic color below is usually
peppered
with red to reddish - brown to brown scales .
brown border of hw more complete ; fw above border along the lateral margin crescent shaped .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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