ridgeheads , also known as bigscales , are a family ( melamphaidae , from the greek melanos [ black ] and amphi [ by both sides ] ) of small , deep-sea stephanoberyciform fish .

the family contains approximately 37 species in five genera ; their distribution is worldwide , but ridgeheads are absent from the arctic ocean and mediterranean sea .

although the family is one of the most widespread and plentiful of deep-sea families , none of its members are of interest to commercial fishery .

these fish are named for their large scales and pronounced cranial ridges , as well as for their typically dark brown to black coloration .

ridgeheads are the largest and most diverse family of their order .

ridgehead

glassdoor gives you an inside look at what it ' s like to work at ridgehead software , including salaries , reviews , office photos , and more . this is the ridgehead software company profile . all content is posted anonymously by employees working at ridgehead software .
ridgehead software is a niche software developer & integrator specializing in call center , customer care , crm , & mobile app development .
ridgehead farm cottages were created in 2008 by converting a 200 year old historic barn into 2 luxury cottages , they are both rated at the top end of 4 star by the tourist board . set at 1500ft on a 80 acre equine farm within a site of special scientific interest , they offer stunning views and year round peace and tranquillity yet are conveniently located for local amenities and exploring the peak district .
a superb historic barn , newly converted into two self contained luxury holiday cottages with breathtaking views over the peak district . the cottages are situated on an equine farm . . .
we are located in an area of the peak district national park called the white peak , known for its limestone gorges and walls , however a small part of it where we are is actually on gritstone giving the area its high moors and rocky outcrops . the surrounding area formed part of the harpur crewe estate until it was split up and sold off half way through last century .
bakewell dates from about 1300 and has a large stall market and cattle market every monday . it is famous as being the home of the original bakewell pudding .
leek is also less than 10 minutes drive and has stall markets every wednesday , friday and saturday . it has a coop and morrisons and some excellent antique shops .
buxton is only 10 minutes drive , it is a georgian spa town with some wonderful architecture , it is home to the opera house with a regular and varied selection of entertainment .
the nearest village is longnor dating from the time of the doomsday book , set on old trade routes it was an important trading centre as evidenced by the cobbled market square .
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k fuzion ' s headquarters is located in lakewood , colorado . for every employee , k fuzion generates $ 91 . 6k in revenue . k fuzion has 1 followers on owler .
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k fuzion was founded in 2008 . k fuzion ' s headquarters is located in lakewood , colorado , usa 80228 . k fuzion has an estimated 28 employees and an estimated annual revenue of 2 . 6m . . . .
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mesopelagic and bathypelagic at 340 - 1200 m depth ( ref . 36665 ) . oviparous , with planktonic eggs and larvae ( ref . 36655 ) . significant morphological variation between indo - pacific and other populations .
circumglobal : in tropical to temperate waters ; except arctic ocean and mediterranean sea . eastern atlantic : gulf of guinea and west of the canary islands . eastern pacific : california current region ( ref . 36655 ) . western pacific : kuril island ( ref . 52443 ) . south china sea ( ref . 74511 ) .
7 . 3 cm sl ( male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4241 ) )
dark brown body ; black head , mouth , and branchial cavity ; pigmented fins . transverse rows of scales , 28 ( ref . 31511 ) . gill rakers on the first arch , 14 - 17 ( ref . 37108 ) .
type for scopeloberyx robustus catalog number : usnm 75810 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of fishes preparation : illustration year collected : 1904 locality : off santa catalina islands , coast of southern california . , california , united states , pacific depth ( m ) : 3864 to 4131 vessel : albatross
depth range based on 160 specimens in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 111 samples . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 50 - 5000 temperature range ( °c ) : 1 . 520 - 19 . 645 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 967 - 42 . 149 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 135 - 36 . 604 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 0 . 677 - 6 . 358 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 048 - 3 . 065 silicate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 951 - 175 . 599 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : 50 - 5000 temperature range ( °c ) : 1 . 520 - 19 . 645 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 967 - 42 . 149 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 135 - 36 . 604 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 0 . 677 - 6 . 358 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 048 - 3 . 065 silicate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 951 - 175 . 599 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
bathypelagic ; marine ; depth range 0 - 4740 m ( ref . 58018 ) , usually ? - 500 m ( ref . 36655 )
depth : 580 - 2930m . from 580 to 2930 meters . habitat : bathypelagic .
mesopelagic and bathypelagic at 340 - 1200 m depth ( ref . 36665 ) . feeds on pelagic crustaceans ( ref . 58748 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
eschmeyer , w . n . ( ed . ) . 2014 . catalog of fishes . updated 10 march 2014 . available at : http : / / urltoken .
justification : melamphaes typhlops can be found in tropical and subtropical atlantic ocean . the adults are found at depths below 500–600 m and the juveniles below 50 m . there is little known about the population . there are no species - specific threats . this species is assessed as data deficient .
melamphaes typhlops can be found in tropical and subtropical atlantic ocean ( moore in press ) . melamphaes typhlops can be found in the north atlantic between 10°n and 45°n ; however , there have been two specimen caught further south ( mcz 20º s 9ºw ) . the adults are found at depths below 500–600 m and the juveniles below 50 m ( kotlyar 2004 ) . species in the melamphaidae family can be found between 200 and 2 , 000 metres ( moore in press ) and they likely migrate vertically at night with the upper limit between 500 - 1 , 000 m at night . it has been taken by hooks to 1 , 600 m ( maul 1986 ) .
angola ; anguilla ; antigua and barbuda ; aruba ; bahamas ; barbados ; belize ; benin ; bermuda ; bonaire , sint eustatius and saba ; brazil ; cameroon ; canada ; cayman islands ; colombia ; congo ; congo , the democratic republic of the ; costa rica ; côte d ' ivoire ; cuba ; curaçao ; dominica ; dominican republic ; el salvador ; equatorial guinea ; french guiana ; gabon ; gambia ; ghana ; gibraltar ; grenada ; guadeloupe ; guatemala ; guinea ; guinea - bissau ; guyana ; haiti ; honduras ; jamaica ; liberia ; martinique ; mauritania ; mexico ; montserrat ; morocco ; namibia ; nicaragua ; nigeria ; panama ; paraguay ; portugal ( azores , madeira ) ; puerto rico ; saint barthélemy ; saint kitts and nevis ; saint lucia ; saint martin ( french part ) ; saint pierre and miquelon ; saint vincent and the grenadines ; sao tomé and principe ( principe , sâo tomé ) ; senegal ; sint maarten ( dutch part ) ; spain ( canary is . ) ; suriname ; togo ; trinidad and tobago ; turks and caicos islands ; united states ; uruguay ; virgin islands , british ; virgin islands , u . s . ; western sahara
species in the melamphaidae family eat gelatinous fish and small crustaceans ( moore in press ) . the adults are found at depths below 500–600 metres and the juveniles below 50 metres ( kotlyar 2004 ) .
there are no species - specific threats but it can be caught in deep - water trawls .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
eschmeyer , w . n . ( ed . ) . 2015 . catalog of fishes . updated 3 february 2015 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 5 february 2015 ) .
de silva , r . , milligan , h . , lutz , m . , batchelor , a . , jopling , b . , kemp , k . , lewis , s . , lintott , p . , sears , j . , wilson , p . & smith , j . and livingston , f .
justification : scopeloberyx opisthopterus has been assessed as least concern . this species has an extremely broad distribution , and due to its deep - water nature , it is unlikely to be threatened by any major threats across its range . the small size of this species also means that is unlikely to be taken in any significant quantity as by - catch by deep - sea fisheries .
scopeloberyx opisthopterus is widely distributed in the tropical waters of the atlantic , indian and pacific oceans .
scopeloberyx opisthopterus is a bathypelagic , oceanic species which generally occurs at depths of 500–600 m ( kotlyar 2004 ) . however , it can sometimes be found down to depths of 1 , 450 m . species from the family melamphaidae primarily feed on gelatinous organisms and small crustaceans ( fao 1999 ) .
due to the small size of this species , it is unlikely that it is being taken as by - catch in significant quantities . there are no other known threats to scopeloberyx opisthopterus .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2010 : e . t155189a115282390 .
justification : european regional assessment : not applicable ( na ) this species is assessed as not applicable as it has a marginal occurrence in europe . its european population is considered to represent less than 1 % of the global population .
this fish can be found in the tropical and subtropical atlantic ocean ( moore in press ) and in the north atlantic ocean between 10°n and 45°n ; however , there have been two specimen caught further south ( mcz 20º s 9ºw ) . the adults are found at depths below 500–600 m and the juveniles below 50 m ( kotlyar 2004 ) . species in the melamphaidae family can be found between 200 and 2000 metres ( moore in press ) . likely migrators as vertically at night upper limit is between 500 - 1 , 000 m at night , taken by hooks to 1 , 600 m ( maul 1986 ) . in the european region the fish is known from portugal ( off the mainland coast , the azores archipelago and madeira ; carneiro et al . 2014 ) , and from spain ( the canaries ; bordes caballero et al . 2009 ) .
portugal ( azores , madeira , portugal ( mainland ) ) ; spain ( canary is . )
species in the melamphaidae family eat gelatinous fish and small crustaceans ( moore in press ) . the adults are found at depths below 500–600 m and the juveniles below 50 m ( kotlyar 2004 ) .
there are no species specific threats but they can be caught in deep - water trawls .
trainer , soft skills training , voice & accent training , bpo trainer . . .
team leading , voice process , voice support , attrition , shrinkage , roaster . . .
candidates who can start asap preferred ; have prior experience of writing articles , blogs for college . . .
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must be willing to work in 24 / 5 shifts ( including availability during weekends ) in a worldwide 24x7 . . .
b com fresher , fresher , mba finance fresher , mba fresher , urltoken graduate . . .
we are hiring freshers with good communication skills for a global mnc on the payrolls of randstad ; needs . . .
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denim canvas and man - made leather upper provides breathability , comfort and style . embroidery logo on tongue and side . lace - up closure for custom fit . metal eyelets and detail stitching provides additional styles . terra - soft® technology enhances cushioning , shock absorption and durability . flexible foxing tape with rubber outsole . vulcanize construction .
dana campbell marked
n220 _ w1150
as trusted on the
anoplogaster cornuta
page .
oviparous , with planktonic eggs and larvae ( ref . 36655 ) . there is significant morphological variation between populations ( ref . 4241 ) .
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
töyhtösuomukala
to
poromitra crassiceps ( günther , 1878 )
.
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
töyhtöpää
to
poromitra crassiceps ( günther , 1878 )
.
this species is endemic to mexico , but widespread along the central pacific coast region : from nayarit to istmo de tehuantepec , oaxaca . it occurs from sea level up to 700 m asl .
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a history of the county of stafford : volume 7 , leek and the moorlands . originally published by victoria county history , london , 1996 .
heathylee was formerly a township in alstonefield parish and later a civil parish 5 , 535 a . ( 2 , 240 ha . ) in area . ( fn . 1 ) it is mostly pasture , with scattered farms in river valleys and with no village centre . the western boundary with leekfrith is formed by back brook , which flows south to join the river churnet , and two arms of black brook which flow north and west to join the river dane . most of the northern boundary with hollinsclough runs along a ridge , and the river manifold forms the short eastern boundary with sheen . in 1934 the civil parish was enlarged by the addition of land from neighbouring parishes : a detached portion of bradnop centred on hurdlow farm and covering 385 a . ; a detached portion of leekfrith lying between hurdlow and upper hulme and covering 10 a . ; 30 a . from onecote ; and 18 a . from longnor lying on the south side of the present course of the river manifold east of longnor bridge . at the same date 1 a . on the north side of the river was transferred from heathylee to longnor . as a result the area of heathylee civil parish was increased to its present 5 , 977 a . ( 2 , 419 ha . ) . ( fn . 2 ) this article deals with the former township together with the land added in 1934 .
morridge divides the township into a western part and a larger eastern part . the former is drained by the churnet and the latter by the manifold and a tributary , oakenclough brook . the land lies at 825 ft . ( 251 m . ) in the south - west corner beside back brook . to the north and east on morridge it reaches 1 , 535 ft . ( 468 m . ) near morridge top farm and 1 , 590 ft . ( 487 m . ) near blake mere . on the east side of the township the land lies at 942 ft . ( 287 m . ) where the leeklongnor road crosses oakenclough brook at hardings booth and 862 ft . ( 263 m . ) where the road crosses the manifold at longnor bridge . the underlying rock is sandstone of the millstone grit series , which outcrops on the west side of the township at ramshaw rocks and near newstone farm . a shallow basin of the coal measures overlies the rock in the blue hills area along the western boundary . the best soil lies in the east where it is coarse loam . elsewhere it is mostly clay and loam , with peat on the west side of morridge . ( fn . 3 )
the number of people in heathylee owing suit at the manor court in the late 1760s was 100 . ( fn . 4 ) the population of the township was 520 in 1801 , 706 in 1811 , and 788 in 1821 . by 1831 it had fallen to 689 , and a steady decline thereafter reduced it to 504 in 1861 , 361 in 1891 , 353 in 1901 , 331 in 1911 , 333 in 1921 , and 345 in 1931 . the population of the enlarged civil parish was 280 in 1951 , 279 in 1961 , 258 in 1971 , 265 in 1981 , and 244 in 1991 . the population of the hurdlow farm area added in 1934 was 25 in 1841 and 23 in 1881 . ( fn . 5 )
the earliest medieval settlement was probably in the south - west corner where the hamlet of upper hulme existed on the leekfrith side of back brook by the mid 13th century . ( fn . 6 ) there was an estate called broncott on the heathylee side of the brook by 1299 ; the name is derived from words meaning broom cottage . ( fn . 7 ) a house built north of broncott farm in the later 18th century almost certainly for joseph billing , who worked a quarry there , was an inn by the later 1820s . it was then called the new inn , and it survived as a public house , the olde rock , in 1994 . ( fn . 8 ) a cottage beside back brook west of the inn has the date 1778 over a fireplace . to the north of upper hulme a house called naychurch , in existence by the early 15th century , ( fn . 9 ) retains 17th - century stonework .
there was a house on the site of knowles farm north - east of upper hulme probably by 1308 , when robert of knolles was recorded as a tenant of alstonefield manor , and certainly by 1476 . ( fn . 10 ) to the east , across the headstream of the churnet , pasture on morridge was called swains moor by the early 14th century . ( fn . 11 ) there was house called strines on the edge of the moor by 1415 , ( fn . 12 ) and one to the west on the site of little swainsmoor farm by the early 16th century . ( fn . 13 ) south of swains moor , the detached portion of bradnop township added to heathylee in 1934 was centred on hurdlow farm , which belonged to dieulacres abbey at the end of the middle ages . the name hurdlow combines old english hord , treasure , and hlaw , a hill or possibly a barrow . ( fn . 14 ) there was a house at stoney cliffe south - west of hurdlow by 1586 . ( fn . 15 )
on the east side of the township there was a settlement at hardings booth at the confluence of the manifold and oakenclough brook by 1327 . ( fn . 16 ) the site of oakenclough hall to the south - west in the valley of oakenclough brook was inhabited by the early 15th century . ( fn . 17 ) a 17th - century stone house there , styled a hall in 1747 , ( fn . 18 ) was replaced by the present house built on an adjacent site in the later 1890s . ( fn . 19 ) the site of badger ' s croft further west was probably inhabited by 1308 , when robert of bochardescroft was recorded as a tenant of alstonefield manor . the house was known as butcher ' s or badger ' s croft in the 18th century . ( fn . 20 )
a house called heathylee was recorded in 1406 . its site was probably in the manifold valley north - west of hardings booth , where there were two houses called heathylee in 1571 . ( fn . 21 ) there was a house in the upper part of the valley at thick withins by 1406 , ( fn . 22 ) and others to the east at fawside by c . 1420 ( fn . 23 ) and ball bank by 1444 . ( fn . 24 ) there were also houses by the earlier 15th century on the south side of the manifold : hole carr was recorded in 1414 , ( fn . 25 ) bradshaw in 1429 , ( fn . 26 ) and marnshaw in 1444 . ( fn . 27 ) houses at coldshaw and merril grove beside the longnor road were recorded respectively in 1429 and 1439 . ( fn . 28 ) the place - name ' shaw ' means a copse , and its use suggests late - medieval settlement in a wooded landscape . ( fn . 29 ) the site of heath house on the longnor road east of hardings booth was occupied by 1406 . ( fn . 30 ) waterhouse farm at the township ' s eastern tip beside the manifold was so called by 1571 . there were then two adjacent houses , over waterhouse and stewards place , the latter possibly once used by the steward of alstonefield manor . there were still two houses there in the later 18th century . ( fn . 31 )
blue hills north of upper hulme was probably the last area of the township to be settled . so called by c . 1680 , it apparently takes its name from the colouring of watercourses by coal deposits , which were mined by the early 15th century . ( fn . 32 ) a house called gylfields in 1481 stood near gib torr rocks ( in quarnford ) , possibly on the site of the present gib torr farm . there was certainly a house called gib torr by 1564 . ( fn . 33 ) the present house is probably of the 19th century , and a barn carries the initials of sir george crewe and the date 1841 . there was a house at hazel barrow by 1719 , ( fn . 34 ) and newstone farm is dated 1773 .
a pool called blake mere on the east side of swains moor was evidently so called in the 14th century , when the name was used for a nearby house ( the present mermaid inn ) in onecote , in leek parish . ( fn . 35 ) a belief that the pool was bottomless and that cattle would not drink from it or birds fly over it was dismissed as fanciful by the antiquary robert plot , writing c . 1680 . he accepted , however , a story about the rescue of a woman whose lover tried to drown her in the pool . the event was the subject of robert southey ' s poem ' mary , the maid of the inn ' , written in 1796 . ( fn . 36 )
a short stretch of the cheadle - buxton road runs through the east side of the township . formerly it joined the longnor road near longnor mill , but after being turnpiked in 1770 it was realigned to run directly to longnor village by way of a bridge at windy arbour . ( fn . 47 ) by 1818 there was a tollgate at the junction of the old and new routes . ( fn . 48 ) the road was disturnpiked in 1878 . ( fn . 49 )
a surviving stone bridge across a stream northwest of stoney cliffe carried a packhorse way between cheshire and nottinghamshire , which crossed the south - western tip of the township before climbing morridge to the mermaid inn in onecote . ( fn . 50 )
heathylee was connected to a mains electricity supply in 1963 . ( fn . 51 )
it was apparently a custom in the early 19th century for people to gather on may day at the bald stone west of the royal cottage and to paint it white . ( fn . 52 ) the new inn at upper hulme was the meeting place of the colliers ' refuge friendly society , established in 1842 as a lodge of the order of foresters . the society had 162 members in 1876 . ( fn . 53 ) a brass band formed at upper hulme by 1850 ( fn . 54 ) was probably drawn from members of the lodge .
an estate centred on broncott farm at upper hulme probably existed by 1299 when the widow of henry of broncott held a house of nicholas de audley , the lord of aenora malbank ' s share of alstonefield manor . ( fn . 55 ) in 1327 ranulph of bagnall gave his son william lands and tenements in the vill and fields of broncott , and in 1341 thomas of bagnall acquired a ' great house ' there with further land . in 1370 the estate was held by thomas ' s son john , and in 1432 john ' s son william granted it to roger fowall , retaining a life - interest . ( fn . 56 ) richard fowall held the estate in 1557 , when he was succeeded by his son william , ( fn . 57 ) and roger fowall held it in 1567 and 1577 . the owner in 1591 was ralph fowall , who became the tenant in 1592 on selling the estate to john harpur , lord of alstonefield manor . ( fn . 58 ) in 1633 the tenant of what was then a 52½ - a . farm was robert brough ( d . 1657 ) . ( fn . 59 ) he was succeeded by his son thomas , and thomas by his son robert , the tenant in 1679 . ( fn . 60 ) he or another robert was succeeded in 1712 by his son robert ( d . 1753 ) . ( fn . 61 ) the tenant when the harpur crewe family offered the farm for sale in 1951 was colin lownds ( d . 1975 ) , whose daughter edith and her husband william waters were the owners in 1994 . ( fn . 62 ) the stone - built farmhouse is dated 1833 .
the detached portion of bradnop added to heathylee in 1934 consisted of an estate centred on hurdlow farm . the estate belonged to dieulacres abbey at the dissolution , and in 1546 the crown sold it to two speculators , hugh and robert thornhill . ( fn . 63 ) by 1625 it was owned by the hollinshead family , later of ashenhurst hall in bradnop , who still held it in 1680 . ( fn . 64 ) the later descent is unknown until 1835 , when a house and 189 a . were offered for sale under the will of john bourne , possibly of lane end in longton . ( fn . 65 ) the property was again offered for sale in 1845 , and 177 a . were bought by the revd . john sneyd of basford hall , in cheddleton . ( fn . 66 ) rebuilt in the 19th century , the house with its farmland was owned by the belfield family in 1994 .
over field and nether field recorded at broncott in 1341 may have been open fields . ( fn . 67 ) the common waste lay chiefly on morridge and covered 940 a . in 1839 when it was inclosed under an act of 1834 amended in 1836 . sir george crewe was awarded 48 a . as lord of the manor and 276 a . as impropriator of alstonefield rectory , and the inclosure commissioners sold him a further 332 a . ( fn . 68 ) sir george also acquired by exchange in 1839 the 207 a . which had been awarded in lieu of tithes to the vicar of alstonefield . ( fn . 69 )
of the 2 , 034 . 9 ha . of farmland returned for the civil parish in 1988 , grassland covered 1 , 609 . 6 ha . and there were 402 . 6 ha . of rough grazing . the farming was dairy and sheep , with 2 , 065 head of cattle and 7 , 438 sheep and lambs . one farm specialized in fattening pigs , of which there were 2 , 032 in the civil parish . of the 55 farms returned , 47 were under 50 ha . in size , 5 were between 50 and 99 ha . , and 3 were between 100 and 199 ha . ( fn . 70 )
what was called frith mill by 1404 ( fn . 71 ) almost certainly stood on the manifold in heathylee near longnor bridge : land called milne holme , with which the mill was held in the 16th century , lay in that area . ( fn . 72 ) in 1605 sir john harpur replaced it with a mill on a nearby site called longnor mill and powered by a cut from the manifold . ( fn . 73 ) shortly before 1770 longnor mill was rebuilt by a corn dealer and chapman , richard gould of brownhill , in warslow . gould became bankrupt in 1773 , and the mill may have fallen into disuse . ( fn . 74 ) it was working again by 1831 , when it was enlarged to include a bone mill . ( fn . 75 ) the mill was used for grinding corn until c . 1870 and for grinding bone until c . 1890 . by 1884 , and possibly by 1880 , the mill was also used as a saw mill , specializing in the manufacture of rakes . ( fn . 76 ) it remained a saw mill until it ceased working in the mid 1980s .
in 1401 richard strongarme took a year ' s lease of two coal mines and a forge at back brook and thomas smyth a year ' s lease of a vein of coal at black brook . in 1404 a smith named john toples took a lease for life of 140 ft . of coal at black brook . he seems to have worked the mine only until 1407 . about 1415 a mine was let for 12 years to robert of hulme . ( fn . 77 ) a mine in the blue hills area was being worked c . 1680 . ( fn . 78 ) in 1764 sir henry harpur let a mine at blue hills for 21 years to james and tobias mallors , stipulating 1 / 10 of the coal as rent . ( fn . 79 ) what was called the bluehills colliery in 1796 was then owned by the earl of macclesfield . it still existed in 1869 , when it was offered for lease . ( fn . 80 ) four miners lived in the blue hills area in 1871 , but only one in 1881 . ( fn . 81 )
the house north of broncott farm which became the new inn was occupied in 1786 by joseph billing , a stone cutter who presumably worked the quarry still open there in the early 19th century . ( fn . 82 ) several small quarries were opened along the longnor road later in the 19th century , and there were 3 stonemasons and 3 stone breakers in the township in 1861 and 2 masons in 1881 . ( fn . 83 ) in the later 1820s there was a brickyard east of heath house . ( fn . 84 )
in 1601 a button maker lived at stonieway , apparently near hardings booth . ( fn . 85 ) about 1680 a stream issuing from a mine at blue hills was used to dye button moulds , and poor people of that area were then said to be much employed in making buttons . ( fn . 86 ) it was common for women and girls in the township to work as button makers in the earlier 19th century , and some of them may have been involved in an attempt to establish a trade union in 1834 . ( fn . 87 ) only 6 women button makers were recorded in the township in 1841 , but there were 38 in 1851 and 42 in 1861 . only 5 were recorded in 1881 . ( fn . 88 )
in the later 1760s adam billing of boarsgrove , south - west of oakenclough hall , traded as a hawker , selling goods from manchester , possibly small wares , in the summer and fish in the winter . isaac belfield , who lived at barrow moor on the longnor road in 1772 , also seems to have been a dealer in small wares . ( fn . 89 )
heathylee was part of the forest tithing of alstonefield manor by the late 1390s and remained so in the earlier 1530s . ( fn . 90 ) by 1594 it shared a frankpledge with hollinsclough , the joint tithing sometimes being called high frith . ( fn . 91 ) that was still the arrangement in 1676 , but by 1697 heathylee had its own frankpledge , by then styled a headborough . ( fn . 92 ) there was a pinner for the joint tithing by 1596 . ( fn . 93 ) in the later 1820s there was a pinfold on the longnor road west of hardings booth . ( fn . 94 )
two surveyors of the highways for heathylee were appointed at the manor court apparently for the first time in 1601 . from 1602 there was normally only one . ( fn . 95 )
in the later 17th and earlier 18th century the poor of heathlyee , fawfieldhead , hollinsclough , and quarnford were maintained jointly . ( fn . 96 ) heathylee relieved its poor separately from 1733 . ( fn . 97 ) it became part of leek poor - law union in 1837 . ( fn . 98 )
in 1559 ralph gylmen of merril grove in heathylee bequeathed a lamb for ' god ' s service ' at longnor , probably an indication that he attended longnor church ; people from heathylee certainly did so by the late 17th century . ( fn . 99 ) from 1744 those living in the western part of the township attended the church built that year at flash , in quarnford , and in 1902 that part of heathylee was assigned to quarnford parish . ( fn . 100 ) by 1900 and at least until the later 1950s mission services were held in the schoolroom on the buxton road . ( fn . 101 )
a methodist society met at ridge head , the home of isaac billing on the longnor road , in the late 18th and early 19th century . ( fn . 102 ) it numbered 46 in 1803 but only 8 in 1819 , members presumably having moved to other societies in the area . ( fn . 103 ) in 1829 wesleyan methodist services were held fortnightly on sundays at hole carr and at upper hulme and once a month at ridge head . a sunday service was also held twice a month at hazel barrow and at newstone farm , where a meeting room or chapel had been added to the farmhouse apparently in 1816 . by 1832 sunday services were held three times a month at newstone and once a month elsewhere in the township . ( fn . 104 ) a chapel opened at upper hulme in 1837 had an evening congregation of 30 , besides sunday school children , on census sunday 1851 . ( fn . 105 ) services were still held at the chapel in 1994 . the average attendance at newstone in 1851 was between 50 and 60 adults . services were last held there in 1930 . ( fn . 106 )
a primitive methodist chapel opened in 1853 at ' morridge end ' was replaced c . 1880 by one on the buxton road north of morridge top farm . that chapel was closed in 1972 and was used in 1994 as a farm outbuilding . ( fn . 107 )
there was no school in the township in 1819 . ( fn . 108 ) in the earlier 1830s there were two day schools , with between 30 and 40 children who paid fees . there was also a sunday school in which 120 children were taught free . ( fn . 109 ) a wesleyan methodist sunday school at upper hulme had an attendance of 28 on census sunday 1851 . ( fn . 110 ) there was evidently a dame school in 1841 , when a schoolmistress lived in the township . a mistress was again recorded in 1851 , 1861 , and 1881 . ( fn . 111 )
a school board for heathylee was formed compulsorily in 1880 , and in 1884 a school was built on the buxton road south of the royal cottage . the cost was met by sir john harpur crewe . it became ramshaw council school in 1903 . ( fn . 112 ) the decision in 1930 that what was then an all - age school with 40 children on its books should become a junior school took effect in 1940 , the senior children being transferred to leek . ( fn . 113 ) ramshaw school was closed in 1970 , and the building was later converted into a house . ( fn . 114 )
by will of 1793 john robinson of fawside left half the interest on £196 9 s . 6 d . for the poor of heathylee and longnor . in 1972 the charity was administered jointly with others for longnor . ( fn . 115 )
1 . v . c . h . staffs . i . 327 . this article was written in 1994 .
2 . census , 1931 ; staffs . review order , 1934 , p . 63 and map 1 ( copy in s . r . o . ) .
3 . geol . surv . map 1 / 50 , 000 , drift , sheet 111 ( 1978 edn . ) ; soil surv . of eng . and wales , sheet 3 ( 1983 ) .
5 . v . c . h . staffs . i . 327 ; census , 1901 - 91 . the figures for the hurdlow area are taken from p . r . o . , ho 107 / 1005 ; ibid . rg 11 / 2740 .
8 . s . r . o . 5322 / 5 , no . 12 ; below , econ . hist . ( trade and ind . ) .
9 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 1 / 1 , 1st ct . 10 hen . vi ( as knachurche ) .
10 . ibid . d . 2375m / 53 / 8 , deed of feast of annunciation 16 edw . iv ; s . h . c . n . s . xi . 258 .
12 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 1 / 1 , ct . of 2 and 3 hen . v .
15 . w . s . l . 132 / 9a / 47 , deed of 31 july 1586 .
17 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 1 / 1 , ct . of 7 and 8 hen v .
19 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 207 / 9 , specification for building oakenclough farmhouse , 1894 ; d . 2375m / 207 / 19 , tenders for building farmhouses , 1896 .
25 . ibid . ct . of 1 and 2 hen . v ( as holehouse ) . hole carr in 1568 : ibid . d . 2375m / 55 / 1 , rental of 1568 .
32 . plot , staffs . 98 ; below , econ . hist . ( trade and ind . ) .
36 . plot , staffs . 44 , 291 ; poetical works of robert southey ( 1838 ) , vi . 1 - 9 .
39 . ibid . d . 2375m / 163 / 15 ; t . n . s . f . c . lxxiii . 121 ; below , leek : leek and lowe , general hist . ( 18th cent . ) . another story named charles i : reliquary , v . 134 .
40 . s . r . o . , d . 3359 / buxton rd . order bk . 1765 - 1800 , 2 july 1779 ; s . r . o . , q / so / 24 , f . 21 .
42 . s . r . o . , d . 3359 / buxton rd . order bk . 1765 - 1800 , 30 june 1775 ; below , quarnford , intro .
43 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 120 / 17 / 10 ; s . r . o . 5322 / 5 , no . 312 ; c . and j . greenwood , map of county of stafford ( 1820 ) .
44 . buxton rd . acct . bk . 1809 - 60 , acct . 4 aug . 1842 ( in possession of mr . r . stones of malpas , ches . , 1994 ) .
45 . s . r . o . , d . 3359 / leek , buxton , and monyash turnpike trust acct . bk . 1861 - 76 .
46 . leek libr . , newspaper cuttings 1954 - 7 , p . 46 .
47 . s . h . c . 4th ser . iii . 110 . the new route is not shown on a map of longnor made in the earlier 1770s , but it had been laid out by 1775 : d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 161 / 3 ; above , fig . 2 .
48 . s . r . o . , d . 5131 / 3 / 8 / 13 ; greenwood , map of county of stafford .
50 . v . c . h . staffs . ii . 278 - 9 ( based on w . s . l . , d . 1798 / 617 / 76 ; d . 1798 / 618 / 15 ) .
53 . rep . chief registrar of friendly socs . 1876 , app . p , h . c . 429 - i , p . 410 ( 1877 ) , lxxvii ; staffs . advertiser , 18 june 1853 , p . 4 ; below , econ . hist . ( trade and ind . ) .
54 . ' diary of john plant of hazelwood , 1849 - 53 ' , entry for 1 oct . 1850 ( ts . in w . s . l . ) .
55 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 110 / 32 , copy of inq . p . m . of nic . de audley , 1299 ( as bromekote ) .
57 . l . j . r . o . , b / c / 11 , ric . fowall ( 1557 ) .
60 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 189 / 14 , deed of 30 june 1679 .
61 . l . j . r . o . , b / c / 11 , rob . brough ( 1713 ) , rob . brough ( 1753 ) .
62 . w . s . l . , s . c . e / 3 / 26 , no . 150 ; st . paul ' s , quarnford ( 1994 ) , app . p . xv .
63 . w . s . l . , m . 540 ; l . & p . hen . viii , xxi ( 1 ) , p . 762 .
68 . s . r . o . , q / rdc 24 ; 4 & 5 wm . iv , c . 15 ( priv . act ) ; 6 & 7 wm . iv , c . 6 ( priv . act ) .
69 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 282 / 5 ( 1 ) , exchange of glebe land .
74 . ibid . d . 2375m / 54 / 16 , deed of 30 mar . 1772 ; d . 2375m / 54 / 18 , proposals re longnor mill , 1770 ; d . 2375m / 54 / 39 , docs . re ric . gould .
75 . ibid . d . 2375m / 93 / 12 , notification of 12 sept . 1831 .
76 . p . o . dir . staffs . ( 1868 ; s . v . longnor ) ; kelly ' s dir . staffs . ( 1880 and later edns . to 1900 ; s . v . longnor ) .
77 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 1 / 1 , cts . of 6 and 14 hen . iv and ct . of 2 and 3 hen . v ; d . 2375m / 1 / 6 , ct . of thurs . before christmas 2 hen . iv .
79 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 189 / 6 , deed of 1 dec . 1764 .
80 . ibid . d . 2375m / 110 / 32 , geo . greaves to rob . greaves ; staffs . advertiser , 7 aug . 1869 , p . 8 .
82 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 64 / 9 , deeds of 16 may 1786 ( as billings ) , 2 may 1846 ( as billing ) ; j . farey , gen . view of agric . and minerals of derb . ( 1811 ) , i . 417 .
83 . p . r . o . , rg 9 / 1949 ; rg 11 / 2742 ; o . s . map 6
, staffs . iv . ne . ( 1887 edn . ) .
87 . below , quarnford , econ . hist . ( trade and ind . ) .
88 . p . r . o . , ho 107 / 1003 ; ho 107 / 2008 ; ibid . rg 9 / 1949 ; rg 11 / 2742 .
89 . s . r . o . , d . 3359 / condlyffe , brief in case billing v . morris , 1766 , and letter from john harmar to wm . condlyffe , 27 july 1772 .
90 . above , alstonefield , par . intro . ( manorial govt . ) .
97 . s . r . o . , q / so / 13 , ff . 104v . - 105 .
99 . l . j . r . o . , b / c / 11 , ralph gylmen ( 1559 ) ; below , longnor , church .
101 . lich . dioc . ch . cal . ( 1900 ) , 115 ; ( 1957 ) , 129 ; alstonfield deanery mag . lxiv ( 10 ) .
102 . dyson , wesleyan methodism , 71 - 2 ; d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 70 / 5 , heathylee , p . 4 .
104 . ibid . d . 3156 / 1 / 1 / 24 ; p . r . o . , ho 129 / 372 / 4 / 1 ; leek libr . , johnson scrapbk . i ( 2 ) , d / 13 / 15 .
105 . p . r . o . , ho 129 / 372 / 4 / 1 ; date stone on building .
107 . s . r . o . , d . 3457 / 7 / 2 ; st . paul ' s , quarnford ( 1994 ) , 35 .
108 . d . r . o . , d . 2375m / 87 / 19 , acct . of schs . in alstonefield par . 1819 .
111 . ibid . ho 107 / 1003 ; ho 107 / 2008 ; ibid . rg 9 / 1949 ; rg 11 / 2742 .
112 . list of sch . boards , 1902 [ cd . 1038 ] , p . 637 ( 1902 ) , lxxix ; kelly ' s dir . staffs . ( 1884 ) ; s . r . o . , ceh / 165 / 1 .
113 . staffs . c . c . record for 1930 , 867 ; s . r . o . , ceh / 165 / 1 , p . 129 .
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also deterrent . yes i know about the murder rate in usa . . . something to do with their gun culture , maybe ?
life ( meaning life ) in prison would stop a person reoffending and there is no evidence to suggest this or any other state sanctioned murder has acted as a deterrent . the fact that the chance of being caught and put on death row is so remote would agree with this .
the fact that the chance of being caught and put on death row is so remote would agree with this .
so , following this logic , if the death penalty was made more likely , it would be a better deterrent .
we must stop yielding to threats from gangs of criminals . if they put someone in hospital we should put a gang member in the morgue .
which is exactly the same mentality that the gangs operate under . the bloods & cripps are waiting for your call .
but the victims are always going to be dead . why is one murder worse than another ?
two is more than one . one more is one more . got it ?
[ quote = wiggy001 the fact that the chance of being caught and put on death row is so remote would agree with this .


midila daphne is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by druce in 1895 .

it is found in mexico , costa rica and colombia .

midila daphne

snout moth , midila daphne | from ecuador megadiverso : www . fl… | flickr
crambidae , midilinae , midila daphne . # 10 in the bold link is the best match . urltoken
una especie de midila no reconocida anteriormente en las colleciones ( lep . schoenobidae )
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would have been a great camouflage if he wasn ' t in my bedroom . still looked pretty badass though !
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this article has been cited by the following publications . this list is generated based on data provided by crossref .
hayden , james e . 2012 . revision ofodilla noralisschaus and transfer of erupini to midilinae ( lepidoptera : crambidae ) . annals of carnegie museum , vol . 80 , issue . 4 , p . 309 .
regier , jerome c . mitter , charles solis , m . alma hayden , james e . landry , bernard nuss , matthias simonsen , thomas j . yen , shen - horn zwick , andreas and cummings , michael p . 2012 . a molecular phylogeny for the pyraloid moths ( lepidoptera : pyraloidea ) and its implications for higher - level classification . systematic entomology , vol . 37 , issue . 4 , p . 635 .
, is revised for the first time as a discrete and coherent group , though hampson ( 1895 ) associated three genera and five species as part of his subfamily schoenobiinae . seven genera , 45 species , and six additional subspecies are recognized in the present study , of which the following one genus , 27 species , and five subspecies are described as new :
. hétérocères nouveaux de l ' amérique du sud . fasc . 3 . rennes .
. biologia centrali - americana . insecta . lepidoptera - heterocera . vol . ii , signature 2bb .
. reise der oesterreichische fregatte “novara” um die erde . zool . theil . bd . 2 , abt . 2 , pl . 120 .
. on the classification of the schoenobiinae and crambinae , two subfamilies of moths of the family pyralidae .
transfer of cacographis colombiana from midilinae to nymphulinae , with descriptions of midilambia n . gen . ( lepidoptera : pyralidae )
list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part xvi . noctuidae
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representative adult habitus images of pyraloidea subfamilies . ( a ) . . . | download scientific diagram
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it was described by meyrick in 1920 .

the wingspan is about 22 mm .

the forewings are pale ochreous , pinkish-tinged .

the stigmata is rather dark fuscous , the plical spot somewhat beyond the first discal and there is an angulated subterminal series of small groups of two or three rather dark fuscous scales from beneath the costa at two-thirds , rather near the costa and termen to above the tornus .

the hindwings are whitish ochreous-grey , faintly pinkish-tinged .

garrha defessa

this is the place for defessa definition . you find here defessa meaning , synonyms of defessa and images for defessa copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word defessa . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word defessa and , of course , defessa synonyms and on the right images related to the word defessa .
machimia defessa meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 12 ) : 376
garrha defessa is a moth in the oecophoridae family . it was described by meyrick in 1920 . it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from queensland .
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heliocausta achroa turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 4
heliocausta acosmeta turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 4
machimia agglomerata meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 12 ) : 375
machimia alma meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 174 ; tl : victoria , gisborne
machimia amata meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 175 ; tl : west australia , waroona
heliocausta arrhodea turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 113
hoplitica atripunctatella turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 7
machimia brachytricha turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 147
australia ( victoria , s . australia , e . australia ) . see [ maps ]
hoplitica cholodella meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 507
machimia coccinea turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 59
hoplitica costimacula meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 502
machimia cylicotypa turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 111
euryplaca demotica meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 489
hoplitica eugramma lower , 1894 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . aust . 18 : 93
cryptopeges icasta turner , 1941 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 66 : 406
heliocausta idiosema turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 113
machimia interjecta turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 116
hoplitica leucerythra meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 501
heliocausta limbata meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 471
machimia mesogaea turner , 1916 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 41 ( 2 ) : 371
hoplitica metriopis meyrick , 1888 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 2 ( 4 ) : 941
machimia micromita turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 107
machimia mitescens meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 174 ; tl : queensland , townsville
euryplaca ocellifera meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 488
machimia ochra turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 109
coesyra paraderces meyrick , 1889 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 3 : 1659
machimia phaeoporphyra turner , 1939 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasmania 1938 : 92 ; tl : tasmania , derwent bridge
machimia phoenopis turner , 1916 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 41 ( 2 ) : 371 ; tl : n . australia , port darwin ; queensland , brisbane ; mt tambourine ; toowoomba
machimia platyporphyra turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 111 ( emend . )
hoplitica pseudota lower , 1901 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 25 ( 2 ) : 85
machimia pyrrhopasta turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 114
machimia rubella turner , 1939 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasmania 1938 : 92 ; tl : tasmania , derwent bridge
hoplitica rufa meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 504
machimia rufescens turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108
hoplitica rufimaculella turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 7
hoplitica sericata meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 497
heliocausta spatiosa meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 13 ) : 387
machimia submissa turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108
machimia umbratica turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108
coesyra zonostola meyrick , 1884 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 9 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) : 772
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
descriptions of australian micro - lepidoptera . xi & xii . oecophoridae - ( continued )
zeller , 1855 nachtrag zu den im 9ten bande bescriebenen arten ds genus cryptolechia linn . ent . 10 : 145 - 168
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paziella pazi , common name : paz 's murex , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .

paziella pazi

you selected poirieria ( paziella ) pazi ( crosse , 1869 ) . this is a synonym for :
specimen shell : paziella pazi each seashell we have have been carefully picked to ensure the highest seashells quality . these shells come from all over the philippines , provided by fishermen ( usa - florida , dry tortugas ) , divers , muricidae specimen shell : paziella pazi crosse , 1869
sea shell information on : ts135436 - muricidae paziella - > pazi . this specimen is of muricidae . the specimen shell of groupe : paziella . shell found on the philippines . shell is of exceptional quality . more sea shell information
( of paziella ( paziella ) pazi ( crosse , 1869 ) ) merle d . , garrigues b . & pointier j . - p . ( 2011 ) fossil and recent muricidae of the world . part muricinae . hackenheim : conchbooks . 648 pp . page ( s ) : 164 [ details ]
rosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garcía , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579–699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
merle d . , garrigues b . & pointier j . - p . ( 2011 ) fossil and recent muricidae of the world . part muricinae . hackenheim : conchbooks . 648 pp . page ( s ) : 164 [ details ]
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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc869 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322fc9b6 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32336b46 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3282cec0 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3282d04a - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3682cceb - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
bieler r . bouchet p . dijkstra h . faber m . finn j . garcia - alvarez o . gofas s . la perna r . marshall b . moretzsohn f . neubauer t . a . rosenberg g . sartori a . f . schneider s . taylor j . ter poorten j . j . & vos c . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . worms mollusca : molluscabase ( version 2018 - 06 - 06 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 129829cd - 6387 - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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description : f + , rare today ! found in 1960 ` s by j . r . black
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» species poirieria ( poirieria ) syrinx b . a . marshall & houart , 1995 represented as poirieria syrinx b . a . marshall & houart , 1995
subgenus poirieria ( panamurex ) woodring , 1959 accepted as calotrophon ( panamurex ) woodring , 1959 represented as calotrophon hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951
subgenus poirieria ( pazinotus ) accepted as pazinotus e . h . vokes , 1970
species poirieria azami kuroda , 1929 accepted as murexsul multispinosus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1904 ) ( synonym )
jousseaume , f . p . ( 1880 ) . division méthodique de la famille des purpuridés . le naturaliste . 2 ( 42 ) : 335 - 338 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 335 [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
barco , a . ; marshall , b . ; houart , r . ; oliverio , m . ( 2015 ) . molecular phylogenetics of haustrinae and pagodulinae ( neogastropoda : muricidae ) with a focus on new zealand species . journal of molluscan studies . 81 ( 4 ) : 476 - 488 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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tulane university journal publishing is an open access , peer - reviewed journal publishing service which provides a web - based platform for scholarly and academic publishing to the tulane community .
tulane studies in geology and paleontology was devoted primarily to the geology and paleontology of the coasts and adjacent land areas of the gulf of mexico and the caribbean sea . each number
the journal was published between 1962 and 1997 . this is a collection of the entire run of the journal .
for all scientific names see vol . 10 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 1 - 10 ) ; vol . 20 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 11 to 20 ) ; vol . 30 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 21 to 30 ) .
the past half century has seen dramatic changes in the world of scientific publishing ; changes that will continue in the next few decades . the newest generations of ( geo ) scientists have come of age in an environment where the research literature is almost entirely accessed online and visits to physical library collections are becoming increasingly rare . on one hand , these developments have led to the proliferation of new journals , most of which only exist online , and many of the latest additions are open - access journals . on the other hand , several older publication venues have come to a close .
it is now 20 years ago that the last issue of tulane studies in geology and paleontology ( initially known as tulane studies in geology ) appeared . coincidental or not , 1997 was right around the time that scientific publishing rapidly migrated to the internet . initiated in 1962 , tsgp has published more than 5000 pages of peer - reviewed research , in many cases by faculty members and graduate students in tulane’s department of geology . series like tsgp proliferated for many years , in part based on the extensive exchange schemes that existed between academic libraries . editing was carefully done in house , constituting a major time commitment for the faculty members who served as editors . even though the series was discontinued a while ago , the research published in tsgp has had a lasting impact . it continues to be cited on a regular basis and typically accrues 20 to 30 citations annually according to the web of science .
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the bruce 's green pigeon ( treron waalia ) , also known as the yellow-bellied fruit pigeon , is a species of bird in the family columbidae .

it is found in benin , burkina faso , cameroon , central african republic , chad , democratic republic of the congo , ivory coast , djibouti , eritrea , ethiopia , gambia , ghana , guinea , guinea-bissau , kenya , mali , mauritania , niger , nigeria , oman , saudi arabia , senegal , somalia , sudan , togo , uganda , and yemen .

it is a frugivore bird species that specialises on eating the fruits of a single species of fig tree , ficus platphylla .

bruce ' s green pigeon

nobody uploaded sound recordings for bruce ' s green - pigeon ( treron waalia ) yet .
bruce ' s green pigeon ( treron waalia ) is a species of bird in the columbidae family .
bruce ' s green pigeon , treron waalia , meyer , 1793 ( protonym , columba waalia ) , also known as the yellow - bellied fruit pigeon or the yellow - bellied green pigeon , photographed at lake zway , ethiopia .
response : this is a bruce ' s green pigeon , treron waalia . this bird is placed into the family of doves and pigeons ( columbidae ) .
large green pigeon ( treron capellei ) clements 3rd edition : large green pigeon ( treron capellei ) clements 4th edition : large green - pigeon ( treron capellei ) clements 5th edition ( as published ) : large green - pigeon ( treron capellei ) clements 5th edition ( incl . 2000 revisions ) : large green - pigeon ( treron capellei ) clements 5th edition ( incl . 2001 revisions ) : large green - pigeon ( treron capellei ) clements 5th edition ( incl . more
large green pigeon ( treron capellei ) ; . . . finschii ) ; urltoken to vivek tiwari ' s
birds and birding in india
home page : o t yellow - footed green pigeon yellowlegged green pigeon - o white . . . billed crow jungle urltoken to vivek tiwari ' s
birds and birding in india
home page : green - pigeon treron apicauda - - l wedge - tailed green - pigeon treron sphenura k . . . t - urltoken birds of gombe : . . . more
the large green pigeon is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) , considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild .
bruce ' s green pigeon is a canopy - feeding frugivorous pigeon that specialises on consuming the fruits of just one species of fig tree , ficus platphylla . it is found in wooded valleys , wooded savanna and other wooded habitats throughout sub - saharan africa from senegal through somalia and all the way into the arabian peninsula . it only occurs north of the equator .
the large green pigeon ( treron capellei ) is a species of bird in the columbidae family . it is found in brunei , indonesia , malaysia , myanmar , and thailand . madagascar green pigeon the madagascar green pigeon ( treron australis family . it is found in ) is a species of bird in the columbidaemadagascar , comoros , and mayotte . many coloured fruit dove the many coloured fruit dove ( ptilinopus perousii ) is a species of bird in the columbidae family . more
with
bruce ' s travels
as the clue , i now have no doubt that blanford was referring to the five - volume
travels to discover the source of the nile , in the years 1768 , 1769 , 1770 , 1771 , 1772 , and 1773
by the scotsman , james bruce , renowned for his accounts of ethiopian history and culture . [ ref ]
in the introduction to his book , blandford writes :
the earliest contribution to the abyssinian fauna was contained in the last ( fifth ) volume of bruce ' s travels . in the original edition of 1790 several plates representing various plants and animals of north - eastern africa were given , accompanied by descriptions , which , like all of bruce ' s writings , show great power of observation , though they are occasionally not quite accurate in matters of details . a few of the drawings of birds brought back by bruce were described by buffon and named by gmelin , but the exact species have in some instances remained obscure .
in that interesting comment thread , safari77 goes on to quote a portion of the book where james bruce describes this species and its habits .
towards the end of his book , blandford actually cites bruce again with reference to treron abyssinica ( lath . ) as waalia , and as columba abyssinica -
iris yellow or salmon colour , with a circle of pure blue round the pupil ; bill dirty white ; cere purplish pink ; legs deep yellw . this bird is very closely allied in its form and habits to the indian green pigeon .
description : the green plumage is produced by a combination of melanin and yellow carotenoid pigments” and that in “several species of the genus treron , males also show orange carotenoid patches on the breast or belly , and sometimes on their crown or forehead , apart from the green coloration of the body . ”
this pigeon is special because it relies on pigments for its green plumage colouration , as discussed in the paper , dietary and sexual correlates of carotenoid pigment expression in dove plumage ( bettina mahler , lidia s . araujo & pablo l . tubaro . ( may , 2003 ) . the condor , 105 ( 2 ) ; 258 - 267 . free pdf ) . in this paper , the authors cite a 1983 publication by derek goodwin [ amazon uk ; amazon us ] that mentions that captive treron doves
fail to express their carotenoid - based green and yellow plumage color if the diet was unsuitable , showing gray and purplish colors instead
.
question : this ethiopian mystery bird is notable amongst birds for its colour . can you tell me what is so remarkable about this ? can you tell me the name of this bird ' s taxonomic family ? can you identify this species ? in my opinion , this bird ' s common name is really strange : who is the australian philosopher ?
the authors of the condor paper analysed green feathers from a number of pigeons and doves , including several species of treron , and found carotenoid pigments in the yellow and orange plumage of treron species . the authors further note that
[ t ] he green plumage in the gen [ us ] treron . . . is produced by a combination of melanin and yellow carotenoid pigments
and that in
several species of the genus treron , males also show orange carotenoid patches on the breast or belly , and sometimes on their crown or forehead , apart from the green coloration of the body .
ok , so here it is - it ' s not definitive by any means , but the renowned geologist and zoologist , william thomas blandford , in one of the publications not often cited with reference to his work , observations on the geology and zoology of abyssinia , made during the progress of the british expedition to that country in 1867 - 68 ( macmillan , london . , 1870 ) , makes mention of bruce in numerous passages , and in particular his drawings and a work entitled
travels .
i would like to thank one of my readers , safari77 , whose excellent detective work turned up a reasonable explanation for this species ' s common name . i ' ve included his entire quote ( but follow back to original to follow active links ) :
large green pigeons are another speciality of ko surin nuea , being recorded by a number of observers over a number of visits . white - bellied sea eagles can be seen anywhere around the national park , but are particularly easily seen from boats while snorkelling . most birders come to ko surin in hope of seeing beach thick - knee . i was unfortunate on my visit and didn ' t see any , but the boatmen took me to ao sai - en searching for one and they have been regularly spotted here . more
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be frequent to locally abundant ( del hoyo et al . 1997 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction and unsustainable levels of exploitation .
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hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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image : dan logen , 6 february 2011 ( with permission ) [ velociraptorize ] . nikon d300 , 600 mm lens , f / 5 , 1 / 320 sec , iso 1000
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this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : treron waalia . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
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there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
treron waalia : savanna of sub - saharan africa , sw arabia and socotra i .
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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whats wrong with secretary kim 영준이 재능교육 시작했니 ? ( 자기의 일은 스스로 . . . 하지마 . . . ) 180704 ep . 9
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