poet prince ( foaled 1932 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse who won the 1941 cheltenham gold cup .

he had earlier won the stanley chase at aintree and went on to contest two more gold cups .

he was unplaced when well-fancied in 1942 and finished fourth in 1945 at the age of thirteen .

poet prince

the poet prince was sired by our poetic prince out of the dam princess moira the poet prince was foaled on 01 of august in 1993 .
the poet prince has a 21 % win percentage and 43 % place percentage . the poet prince ' s last race event was at nyngan .
the poet prince is a 23 year old bay gelding . the poet prince is trained by r c robb , at nyngan and owned by a j cook .
we’d love your help . let us know what’s wrong with this preview of the poet prince by kathleen mcgowan .
lucy terry prince was a renowned 18th - century orator who is also the first known african - american poet .
the poet prince ' s exposed form for its last starts is 0 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 5 .
the poet prince’s last race event was at 25 / 04 / 2001 and it has not been nominated for any upcoming race .
the poet prince : 3 ( magdalene line trilogy 3 ) and over 2 million other books are available for amazon kindle . learn more
the poet prince career form is 3 wins , 1 seconds , 2 thirds from 14 starts with a lifetime career prize money of $ .
the author outlines the destiny of the poet prince as having been handed through some of history’s most notable characters . which characters did you recognize and can you imagine their story as a poet prince ? discuss the meaning of this destiny as described through the various poet princes in the book . can you identify other historical figures who may have fulfilled this prophecy ?
spoken word performer george the poet has written an exclusive poem inspired by the key themes explored in the prince’s trust macquarie youth index 2015 report .
keep up to date with what the prince ' s trust is up to .
tazz du poet nf mâle 2007 coi = 3 . 22266 % famille maternelle descendance
susan cheever on e . e . cummings , america’s most celebrated poet | vanity fair
prince ea | filmmaker , speaker , activist – love , the answer to every problem .
prince michael
blanket
jackson ii is the third child of pop legend michael jackson .
future poet lucy terry prince was born in west africa . the exact date of her birth is unknown , though it is thought she might have been born as early as the mid - 1720s . historical records on prince’s life are highly limited and thus details of her history have been deduced from scholarly research and conjecture .
sire ) , poet ' s voice ( a leading first crop sire in 2015 ) , prince bishop , monterosso ( sire ) , akeed mofeed , hunter ' s light , lucky nine , postponed , etc .
bath : 2 . 15 compton prince , 2 . 50 poet ' s society , 3 . 25 secretfact ( nap ) , 4 . 00 ghepardo , 4 . 35 mornington , 5 . 10 hallingham , 5 . 40 elusive olivia .
the mark johnston - trained poet’s prince became the 56th winner of a £25 , 000 october book 1 bonus when taking out the western house novice auction stakes at ayr and collecting a total of £29 , 269 when prize money of £4 , 269 is added . poet’s prince was purchased at book 1 of the tattersalls october yearling sale for just 28 , 000 guineas by mark johnston racing from the draft of houghton bloodstock . he is the second £25 , 000 book 1 bonus winner for trainer johnston this year following on from nyaleti , who was subsequently second in the group 2 duchess of cambridge stakes . johnston has now won four £25 , 000 book 1 bonus races since the scheme’s inception last year . poet’s prince is a son of poet’s voice out of the multiple listed winning sprinter palace affair who remarkably has had two £25 , 000 book 1 bonus winners , with poet’s voice’s own - sister poet’s princess winning one last year . the tattersalls october £25 , 000 book 1 bonus is only for horses bought at book 1 of the tattersalls october yearling sale , that takes place from october 3 - 5 .
a book inspired by the poet’s life was released in 1973— black woman : a fictionalized biography of lucy terry prince , by bernard and jonathan katz . decades later , another title on her and her husband’s journey was published— mr . and mrs . prince : how an extraordinary eighteenth century family moved out of slavery and into legend ( 2008 ) , by gretchen holbrook gerzina .
poet lucy terry prince was born in west africa in the early half of the 18th century . captured by slave traders when she was a young girl , she was brought to america and eventually became a part of the wells household in deerfield , massachusetts . in 1746 , prince composed the poem
bars fight ,
the earliest known piece of literature created by an african american . upon marrying , prince achieved her freedom and had six children . renowned for her oration , she died in vermont in 1821 .
in her new life , lucy terry prince settled with her husband in guilford , vermont , eventually having six children . two of the prince progeny , cesar and festus , are believed to have fought in the revolutionary war . prince had also unsuccessfully petitioned for at least one of her children to attend williams college , giving a speech to representatives that was said to have lasted for three hours .
gwendolyn brooks was a postwar poet best known as the first african american to win a pulitzer prize , for her 1949 book annie allen .
jada pinkett smith , 44 , also honored prince on her facebook page thursday , paying tribute to the man she deemed a “genius artist . ”
in addition , some sources allege that prince argued before the u . s . supreme court in her family & apos ; s case against the false land claims of colonel eli bronson in sunderland , vermont . the prince family was said to have emerged victorious , but hundreds of years later a judicial library representative stated that there’s no legal record of prince ever arguing a case before the land’s highest bench . instead , in the mid - 1790s she might have been involved in a lower court ruling officiated by samuel chase , a judge who reportedly stated that prince’s eloquence surpassed that of lawyers .
broadus , edmund kemper . the laureateship : a study of the office of poet laureate in england . oxford : clarendon press , 1921 . print .
“the poet - laureateship . ” temple bar 106 ( december 1895 ) : 498 - 516 . periodicals archive online . web . 28 april 2012 .
maureen is joined by her lover , berenger , who discovers that he shares an extraordinary legacy with lorenzo the magnificent : both were born under the auspices of a prophecy found in the early writing of the bloodline , the prophecy of the poet prince . while berenger explores the daunting task of filling lorenzo’s place in the 21st century , he will come face to face with other characters from history who have shared the title of poet prince , and who had very deadly enemies . those enemies have equally dangerous descendants who carry a 500 - year - old vendetta against any who support lorenzo’s form of heresy .
2 . learn more about the life of lorenzo de medici , the godfather of the renaissance , in miles j . unger’s biography magnifico : the brilliant life and violent times of lorenzo de ' medici . compare the biography with the depiction of lorenzo de medici in the poet prince at your next book club meeting .
prince poet ( ven ) b . c , 2010 { 8 - g } dp = 5 - 2 - 14 - 5 - 0 ( 26 ) di = 1 . 17 cd = 0 . 27 - 9 starts , 4 wins , 2 places , 1 shows career earnings : bs . 270 . 605
lucy and abijah eventually returned to guilford . following her husband & apos ; s death in 1794 , prince moved back to sunderland , where she died in 1821 .
roy bates used his swashbuckling sense of adventure to found a micro - nation off the coast of england , the principality of sealand , and declare himself the reigning prince .
‘an unemployed poet . ’ “the laureateship - a suggestion . ” fun 59 ( 2 january 1894 ) : 10 . periodicals archive online . web . 28 april 2012 .
witt , marion . “yeats on the poet laureateship . ” modern language notes 66 ( june 1961 ) : 385 - 388 . jstor . web . 28 april 2012 .
on tuesday 6th march we celebrated our national prince ' s trust and tk maxx & homesense awards at the london palladium to honour the achievements of young people supported by the trust .
hannigan , d . f . “the new poet laureate . ” westminster review 145 ( january 1896 ) : 251 - 54 . periodicals archive online . web . 28 april 2012 .
kahan , jeffrey . “poet laureate . ” the oxford encyclopedia of british literature . ed . david scott kastan . oxford : oxford up , 2006 . 241 - 245 . print .
on tuesday 6th march 25 bloggers and youtubers joined us at the photographers’ gallery for our pre - event reception ahead of our national prince ' s trust and tk maxx & homesense awards .
even before tennyson died in october 1892 ( see fig . 1 ) , speculation had begun about the next poet laureate and the future of the office . as early as may 1890 the
austin served as poet laureate from 1 january 1896 until his death on 2 june 1913 . he was succeeded by robert bridges , the commentator in the bookman who had begun his letter : “in answer to the first of your two questions , i beg to say that the continuance or cessation of the poet laureateship is to me a matter of complete indifference” ( 54 ) .
brightcove . createexperiences ( ) ; a “stunned and heartbroken” will smith is mourning his friend prince , writing on facebook that he spoke to the legendary musician just one day before his shocking death .
ran an engraved portrait of the poet and his country house , swinford old manor in kent . ( see figs . 3 and 4 . ) periodicals for non - specialist readers , such as
the son of man shall choose when the time returns for the poet prince . he will inspire the hearts and minds of the people so as to illuminate the path of service and show them the way . this is his legacy , this , and to know a very great love . worldwide controversy surrounds author maureen paschal as she promotes her new bestseller—the explosive account of her discovery of a gospel
in this supersoul short , spoken - word artist and visionary filmmaker prince ea challenges the judgments attached to the color of our skin , and imagines the freedom to be seen for who we really are .
hodgson , w . earl . “mr . alfred austin , poet laureate . ” english illustrated magazine 150 ( march 1896 ) : 610 - 13 . periodicals archive online . web . 28 april 2012 .
starting his channel in 2003 , prince ea has reach billions of people across the internet inspiring them with his message of love . to check out his videos , click the button below to jump to the blog .
“who is to be the next poet laureate ? : aut swinburne , aut nullus . ” review of reviews 1 : 5 ( may 1890 ) : 398 . periodicals archive online . web . 28 april 2012 .
on 6 october 1892 alfred , lord tennyson , died at aldworth , his home in surrey ; six days later , the poet laureate was buried in westminster abbey . this essay explores the controversy in the periodical press that ensued over the appointment of his successor , the debate over whether the office should represent a royal or national appointment , and the aftermath of the choice of alfred austin as “poet laureate to her majesty” in january 1896 .
this book never really took off for me . the author switched back and forth between renaissance florence and modern times . the plot did not have much substance , and she doesn ' t seem to have come to any point with the poet prince . this book was supposed to be the last in a trilogy , but she is apparently planning another installment around anne boleyn and henry viii , who were thrown in as an epilogue to this book .
has maureen pascal found love at last ? the beautiful heroine of the bestselling the expected one ( 2006 ) and the book of love ( 2009 ) is in love with berenger sinclair , the current poet prince of the ancient bloodline prophecy . while promoting her newest bestseller about the discovery of a gospel written by jesus , maureen is shocked to hear that sinclair has fathered a child out of wedlock . is this the end of their love story ?
maureen and her fellow disciples of the order of the holy sepulcher ( sinclair , tammy , roland and peter ) travel to florence to study the teachings of the libro rosso with the mysterious spiritual master destino . is he really longinus gaius , the roman centurion who pierced the crucified jesus with his sword ? is his sword , called the spear of destiny , the key to sinclair’s salvation ? as the group studies ancient prophecies and artistic masterpieces of the renaissance , they learn more and more about the life and times of lorenzo de medici , the poet prince of the renaissance , and his true love , lucrezia donati . lorenzo and lucrezia were doomed to be apart . does this mean that the poet prince and the expected one will always be separated ? can sinclair and maureen break this cycle of doomed love ? will the golden age be restored , or will another religious group try to destroy the magdalene disciples and their heresy ?
richard hannon had another option in the urltoken novice median auction stakes but has plumped for newcomer ghepardo , who might give likely favourite rock of estonia something to think about , while compton prince is worth a look in the sprint that opens the card .
published an anonymous assessment , “tennyson : and after ? , ” which praised the high achievement of the nineteenth - century laureates , robert southey , william wordsworth , and alfred tennyson , and wondered whether any modern poet had comparable merit ( 624 ) . the
holly prince rupert 3 - 4 peveril pipette 4 - 5 - 6 burton starlight 5 priory starlight vii 5 - 6 oakley jonathan iii 5 - 6 merrie mercury 6 brookside spitfire 6 goodenough 6 brookside david 6 merrie mistral 6 inbred détaillé ( 12 gen . )
concludes , “scarcely another english poet can be named who has written so few faulty or unmelodious lines , and surely none who has more enriched and enlarged our resources of lyrical metre , or more nobly maintained the dignity of our dramatic blank verse” ( 628 ) .
was right about the man , though wrong about the date of the appointment . “with the new year’s honours comes the official announcement that ‘her majesty has been pleased to appoint alfred austin , esq . , to be poet laureate to her majesty’”—so reads the announcement in the
[ 2 ] only one poet signed his contribution , r [ obert ] b [ ridges ] , in letter iii . but we know from a letter yeats wrote to john o’leary that he is the author of letter ii ; see witt , 385 - 86 .
the poet prince took me on a tour of italy starting with the renaissance era and bringing me back to present day . it was filled with historical references as relates to places and actual events . the part that i really liked is how she gave artists of the renaissance era such as botticelli and michelangelo character . yea , we read about them in history and to tell the truth most times we don ' t pay attention . for instance , when she made references botticelli ' s painting ,
the birth of venus ,
i went
prince was captured at a very young age by slave traders and brought to rhode island . there she was believed to have been initially purchased by samuel terry , who lived in enfield , connecticut . when terry died in 1730 , she was eventually sent to live with ebenezer wells of deerfield , massachusetts . with the wells family , the intelligent and popular prince became a devout christian . she was baptized and became a full - time church member by her teen years . history also points to her learning how to read during her time with the wells .
“prince was one of the first artists to put me on game in regard to the industry . he was not only a genius artist , he was kind , funny , beautifully eccentric , curious , imaginative , magical , spiritual , rebellious and extremely intelligent , ” she wrote .
obviously , lord salisbury thought otherwise because , in november 1895 , the bookman opened its “news notes” column with this tidbit : “we are informed , on what appears to be reliable authority , that mr . alfred austin has been appointed poet laureate , and that the formal announcement may be expected about the middle of this month” ( 45 ) . austin , known as a poet for his idyllic english lyrics , was better known for his journalistic work as a leader writer for the national review and pro - conservative editor of the standard ( broadus 203 ) .
austin had his supporters—or , at least , his well - wishers—who sighed with relief that the laureateship was finally in the hands of a poet who would “fulfil its duties admirably” ( “literary looker - on” 268 ) . no doubt , they saw queen victoria’s diamond jubilee on the horizon and realized that an official poet was needed to commemorate the event . some of austin’s admirers praised his “spontaneous” lyrics that “breathe the air of english rural life” ( hannigan 252 ) ; others his character and love of his country “with an unsophisticated and exuberant pride” ( hodgson 613 ) . the
lucy remained with the household until 1756 , when she married abijah prince , a free black man . lucy was promptly emancipated as well , though it & apos ; s not certain if her new husband purchased her freedom from the wells or if the family simply relinquished her from servitude .
worldwide controversy surrounds author maureen paschal as she promotes her new bestseller—the explosive account of her discovery of a gospel written in jesus’ own hand . but a scandalous headline about her lover , bérenger sinclair , shatters maureen’s plans and sends her to florence . in tuscany , maureen and bérenger seek out their spiritual teacher destino , who insists the besieged couple study one of history’s great poet princes : lorenzo de’ medici , the godfather of the italian renaissance . bérenger is a poet prince of the ancient bloodline prophecy , and even across the centuries , his fate is intertwined with lorenzo de’ medici’s . bérenger must uncover the heretical secrets of the medici family—and the shocking truth behind the birth of the renaissance—if he is to fulfill his own destiny . these heretical secrets were hidden for a reason , and there are those who would stop at nothing to prevent bérenger’s assumption of his rightful role .
bbc sound of 2015 finalist , brit award nominee and london and south east celebrate success performer , george the poet is , quite simply , a rising star . that’s why , we asked him to pen an exclusive poem , inspired by the findings for our youth index 2015 ( pdf , 2mb ) report .
kathleen mcgowan’s first two novels in the magdalene line series have been bestsellers . the expected one ( 2006 ) began the story of journalist maureen pascal as she searched for secret scrolls written by mary magdalene describing her life with her husband , jesus . in the book of love ( 2010 ) , maureen explored the world of the mysterious countess matilda of tuscany as she hunted for a secret gospel written by jesus . the poet prince continues maureen’s story with a renaissance background . fans of mcgowan’s successful magdalene line books will be happy to hear that the series will continue . will shakespearean england be the next stop on maureen pascal’s spiritual journey ?
“i am stunned and heartbroken . i just spoke with him last night . today , jada & i mourn with all of you the loss of a beautiful poet , a true inspiration , and one of the most magnificent artists to ever grace this earth , ” smith , 47 , wrote in a facebook post thursday .
peterson , linda . “on the appointment of the ‘poet laureate to her majesty , ’ 1892 - 1896 . ” branch : britain , representation and nineteenth - century history . ed . dino franco felluga . extension of romanticism and victorianism on the net . web . [ here , add your last date of access to branch ] .
the unofficial , often amusing critiques of alfred austin as poet laureate came later in the year . owen seaman , in the battle of the bays ( 1896 ) , parodied the verse styles of the leading contenders , from swinburne at the head to austin in the rear . the austin parody mocks the journalistic pandering that won “alfred” the laureateship :
zabeel prince ( 4 . 30 ) can complete quick - fire doubles for atzeni and varian in the feature handicap over the extended mile . the gelding bolted - up in a nottingham maiden three weeks ago and looks to have been let in lightly from an opening mark of 86 . he is a confident selection to make a winning handicap debut .
de facto , the marcus and ward calendar gives its own ranking of the great poets and tweaks austin , the laureate , with a low ranking . swinburne and william morris had been the leading candidates in 1892 when tennyson died , and they get pride of place . other contenders in the interim years were alice meynell , margaret woods ( an academic poet , then wife of the president of trinity college , oxford ) , lewis morris , william watson , and jean ingelow . although the calendar includes alfred austin with the label “poet laureate” beneath his name , by virtue of its monthly assignment , it “ranks” him at the bottom , putting swinburne , meynell , and william morris at the forefront of the “modern poets . ” [ 4 ]
86 . mogha corb ( or mogha of the chariots ) , who was b . a . d . 167 , and attained a very old age . this prince , who became king of munster , which he governed for the space of twenty years , fought the memorable battle of gabhra or garristown , near dublin , against the monarch cairbre liffechar , a . d . 284 .
my passion for botticelli was one of the things that fueled my passion for this book . now , choosing a favorite was difficult to begin with , but it became even more challenging as i began to dig into the hidden symbols , stories and mysteries behind the art . if forced to choose one , it would have to be primavera . but there is an extraordinary series of frescoes in the private chapel of the medici palace , commissioned by cosimo and painted by benozzo gozzoli , that are some of the most magnificent works of art i have ever seen . a ten - year - old lorenzo is painted as the poet prince in a stunning reproduction of the parade he makes his debut in on the feast of the magi . as for poetry , i fell in love with lorenzo’s poetry and if space had allowed would have included it within the book . few know that lorenzo was considered a poet of extraordinary talents , and had he not been burdened by politics , we would likely be studying his literary works alongside dante . his poem written after the death of simonetta is hauntingly beautiful , and his poetry for lucrezia donati is bittersweet to say the least .
now remembered largely for his funky punctuation , e . e . cummings was for decades one of america’s most celebrated , controversial , and popular poets—the dashing , impecunious prince of greenwich village . in an adaptation from her new biography of cummings , susan cheever recalls one winter night in 1958 when the harris tweed - clad modernist , a longtime friend and mentor to her novelist father , rocked her teenage world .
lord salisbury has added a new terror to life . here is the poet laureate earning his butt of sherry by writing verses on dr . jameson and his raiders [ a south african misadventure ] and publishing them in the times . are we to expect for the future that every interesting event in the national life—a royal christening or a battle—is to be honoured in this way ? ( ‘mere outsider’ 63 )
three years after tennyson’s death , the laureateship remained unfilled . in june 1895 , however , soon after the conservative electoral victory , lord salisbury as prime minister moved to fill the vacancy . clement scott in the idler took up the pro - swinburne cause : “i care not if he be a persona grata or not at court ; it does not matter to me one fig if he has underwritten his fierce democratic and republican elegies with baby drivels and sonnets to pettitoes . this has nothing to do with it . . . . i should vote for the poet greatest in england after tennyson and browning” ( 413 ) . but lord salisbury let it be known that he was considering the appointment of a journalist—as a compliment to that modern literary profession . some poets were outraged , but coventry patmore used the rumor to nominate a woman writer who had excelled as both journalist and poet , alice meynell :
this reading group guide for the poet prince includes an introduction , discussion questions , ideas for enhancing your book club , and a q & a with author kathleen mcgowan . the suggested questions are intended to help your reading group find new and interesting angles and topics for your discussion . we hope that these ideas will enrich your conversation and increase your enjoyment of the book . description maureen follows her new teacher , destino , to florence where she begins training in the secret teachings of the order of the holy sepulcher , just as matilda did before her 1000 years ago . with destino , maureen discovers the story of lorenzo , the man who would be known to history as the magnificent . but maureen will learn that lorenzo’s driving obsession was not one of simple culture ; rather , he was creating a body of work to preserve a series of ancient secrets , secrets too powerful and dangerous to be committed to writing . lorenzo is aided by his mistress , the forbidden lover who obsesses him until he dies – and who acted as muse for some of the most famous and breathtaking paintings in the world . maureen is joined by her lover , berenger , who discovers that he shares an extraordinary legacy with lorenzo the magnificent : both were born under the auspices of a prophecy found in the early writing of the bloodline , the prophecy of the poet see more
a gifted wordsmith and captivating storyteller , prince used her skills to achieve a major milestone . her work
bars fight
( 1746 ) , which tells the story of a white settlers killed in an attack by native americans in deerfield , is the earliest known poem ever created by an african american . after being shared orally for more than a century , the work was published for the first time in 1855 in josiah g . holland’s history of western massachusetts .
in bestseller mcgowan ' s breathless , at times overly melodramatic third magdalene line novel ( after the book of love ) , researcher maureen paschal , who ' s been feverishly investigating the “confraternity of saint mary magdalen , ” uncovers juicy information about the gospel known as the libro rosso and the order of the holy sepulcher . she heads for florence , where her preternaturally ancient mentor , destino , reveals the arcane past of lorenzo de ' medici , “the great poet prince” and father of the renaissance . apparently , lorenzo secretly married lucrezia donati , the “colombina” or “little dove” featured in a number of botticelli paintings . maureen must also confront problems with her soul mate , scottish oil mogul bérenger sinclair , after a glamorous ex claims he ' s fathered her son . this quasi - christian historical fantasy confection slips back and forth in time with seamless ease . mary magdalene fans who enjoy wildly romantic conspiracy theories will be thrilled . ( june )
these labels were made up to divide us . i am not black , you are not white . drop the labels . don ' t forget to like , comment , and subscribe : urltoken more inspirational videos : i quit urltoken why most people die before age 25 urltoken everybody dies but not everybody lives urltoken download this spoken word piece here : urltoken or urltoken audio only version here : urltoken sign up for my motivational mailing list and newsletter urltoken artist / writer - prince ea urltoken urltoken / / @ princeea urltoken urltoken get an “i am not a label” shirt ! urltoken directed by - spencer sharp & prince ea urltoken urltoken shot , edited and colored by joseph lombardi urltoken vfx by hodja berlev urltoken urltoken urltoken music by raul ,
koba
vega and spencer sharp urltoken music by @ phantomape urltoken download the instrumental here : urltoken special thanks to travis blakely , djs neverendingstory , will engle , luke , subtractive inc and brainbox cameras . and a hugee thank you to all of the souls who were kind enough to be in and support this project . much love !
maureen paschal goes to florence , where she begins training in the secret teachings of the order of the holy sepulchre . under the guidance of her new teacher , destino , she discovers the fascinating story of lorenzo de medici - the godfather of the renaissance and the greatest patron of the arts in history . but lorenzo ' s obsession was not with culture alone . instead , he worked carefully to create a body of work which would preserve a series of ancient secrets - secrets too powerful and dangerous to be committed to writing . but maureen ' s most explosive discovery affects the person closest to her , as she realizes that her lover , berenger , shares an extraordinary legacy with lorenzo de medici . both men were born under the auspices of a prophecy found in the early writing of the bloodline - the prophecy of the poet prince . but as berenger and maureen explore the daunting task of filling lorenzo ' s place in the 21st century , they find themselves the subject of an ancient vendetta hell - bent on destroying the heresy and ending maureen ' s life in the process .
maureen paschal goes to florence , where she begins training in the secret teachings of the order of the holy sepulchre . under the guidance of her new teacher , destino , she discovers the fascinating story of lorenzo de medici - the godfather of the renaissance and the greatest patron of the arts in history . but lorenzo ' s obsession was not with culture alone . instead , he worked carefully to create a body of work which would preserve a series of ancient secrets - secrets too powerful and dangerous to be committed to writing . but maureen ' s most explosive discovery affects the person closest to her , as she realizes that her lover , berenger , shares an extraordinary legacy with lorenzo de medici . both men were born under the auspices of a prophecy found in the early writing of the bloodline - the prophecy of the poet prince . but as berenger and maureen explore the daunting task of filling lorenzo ' s place in the 21st century , they find themselves the subject of an ancient vendetta hell - bent on destroying the heresy and ending maureen ' s life in the process . show more
the third book in the magdalene line trilogy takes maureen to florence , where she begins training in the secret teachings of the order of the holy sepulcher . under the guidance of her new teacher , destino , she discovers the fascinating story of lorenzo de medici - the godfather of the renaissance and the greatest patron of the arts in history . but lorenzo ' s obsession was not with culture alone . instead , he worked carefully to create a body of work which would preserve a series of ancient secrets - secrets too powerful and dangerous to be committed to writing . but maureen ' s most explosive discovery affects the person closest to her , as she realizes that her lover , berenger , shares an extraordinary legacy with lorenzo de medici . both men were born under the auspices of a prophecy found in the early writing of the bloodline - the prophecy of the poet prince . but as berenger and maureen explore the daunting task of filling lorenzo ' s place in the 21st century , they find themselves the subject of an ancient vendetta hell - bent on destroying the heresy and ending maureen ' s life in the process .
they are all different experiences , because i become so personally and emotionally involved with the characters . with the expected one , i wrote that book over a ten year period as i was immersed in all of that research and the story kept changing as new details were revealed and confirmed . the book of love was the most arduous process – that was a very hard book to write because i felt a deep sense of responsibility to present the information contained within the libro rosso in a way that would be easy to accept – some of those concepts are earth shattering for those who have never heard them before . and i had to cut an awful lot of that book because it was very complex . further , i have a muse for each book , and those women set the tone for the process . mary madalene was wise yet powerful while matilda of tuscany was pure warrior queen who would not let me sleep until her story was told to her liking . colombina was a lovely muse , as was the tragic simonetta . poet prince was the most “fun” book i have ever written . i am now under the spell of anne boleyn , and this one is going to be quite a wild ride .
magazine’s “news and notes” ( 11 ) . it was clear that the choice of austin depended on his friendship with lord salisbury , his past work as a pro - conservative journalist , and his willingness to use poetry to support the government ( broadus 203 ; scheuerle ) . the deeply political nature of his appointment produced a chorus of complaints : that austin was a literary mediocrity ; that he had written disrespectfully of tennyson as a “namby - pamby” ( austin 9 ) , a poet who lacked manly power and failed to present models of grandeur and greatness to his readership ; and , perhaps worst of all , that the nation would now be subjected to endless political versifying :
dods’ hernandoshideaway ( 3 . 30 ) has paul mulrennan back in the plate after a disappointing effort last week at pontefract but is chanced once more for the mile and a quarter handicap . the selection was slowly away last monday in west yorkshire and ruined his chance by pulling too hard in the early stages . nevertheless , he ran well to finish third and boasts obvious claims from an unrevised mark . andrea atzeni makes the long journey up north and should make the trip worthwhile aboard jumira prince ( 4 . 00 ) for boss roger varian . the well - bred colt opened his account two starts ago and despite disappointing last time out at haydock is taken to bounce back in first - time headgear .
my father and i drove him home to patchin place . “he was the most brilliant monologuist i have known , ” wrote malcolm cowley , the novelist and critic , and that night , leaning forward from the backseat of our secondhand dodge , i was treated to one of cummings’s “virtuoso performances , ” as the poet archibald macleish called them . cummings was an unabashed and very funny rebel ; he also had an astonishingly mobile face and a flexible dancer’s body . he wasn’t just an inspired mimic ; he seemed to become the people he was imitating . to this day my 94 - year - old mother fondly remembers his imitations , his collapsible top hat , and his willingness to stand on his head for a laugh .
bien qu’ayant préféré « le livre de l’amour » , ce troisième tome est très bien documenté sur l’histoire de l’art et des personnes qui ont permis à celui - ci de s’étendre bien au - delà de l’italie . au fil de ses livres , kathleen mcgowan nous fait découvrir l’histoire d’une autre façon que celle apprise à l’école , elle nous donne envie d’aller plus loin , de faire nos propres recherches… mention spéciale pour la fin du livre qui nous dévoile le personnage du prochain tome qui ne devrait plus tarder et qui sera traduit en français . rome , an 61 de notre ère . les chrétiens sont de plus en plus menacés , antonin le pieux , empereur de rome les classe en deux catégories : les fanatiques prêts à mourir et les croyants compatissants qui utilisent leur foie pour aider les miséreux . félicita , mère de sept enfants fait partie des fanatiques , menés au tribunal car jugée coupable des victimes de la peste dû à sa croyance fanatique ainsi qu’à mourir elle et ses enfants pour rejoindre son défunt mari . malgré les supplications de petronella , l’épouse du sénateur , à lui faire entendre raison pour épargner la vie de ses plus jeunes enfants , félicita et tous ses enfants furent tués . une nouvelle ère commençait mais pas sous le meilleur hospice pour les chrétiens . congrégation de la sainte - apparition . le vatican , de nos jours . felicity , petite - nièce du père girolamo dipazzi a elle aussi des visions qui lui marque son corps de stigmates . son but : éliminer maureen qu’elle considère comme une usurpatrice . château des pommes - bleues , arques . tammy , en pleine folie créatrice découvre un indice sur son oeuvre préférée « le printemps » de botticelli . la prophétie du prince poète va mettre en péril la relation de bérenger et de maureen . tandis que l’on découvre l’histoire des peintres les plus illustres de la renaissance italienne , celle de lorenzo , il magnifico nous est révélée . alors que l’on apprend plus sur la prophétie du prince poète , maureen et bérenger vont recevoir une nouvelle des plus inattendue bouleversant tout sur son passage . un nouvel ennemi se profile et avance avec pour seul but tuer l’elue . c’est avec plaisir que l’on retrouve tammy et roland entraperçus épisodiquement dans le tome précédent mais aussi de découvrir ce qui s’est passé pour une autre personne très proche de maureen durant ces deux dernières années . le prince poète et l’élue doivent plus que jamais être unis pour affronter ce qui pourrait causer leurs pertes . la prophétie va s’accomplir mais sont - ils prêts à assumer leurs destinées ?
108 . dermod : son of turlogh mór ; in 1116 succeeded his brother , murtogh , as king of north munster ; m . sadhbh , dau . of teige maccarthy mór , prince of desmond ( see
maccarthy mór
pedigree , no . 108 ) , by whom he had issue—two sons , 1 . connor - na - catharach , and 2 . turlogh . the princess sadhbh , on the death of dermod , m . her cousin cormac magh - tamnagh maccarthy mór . dermod , in 1116 , was defeated by the hy - niall and their conacht relatives at ruadh - bheithach , near dunkellin , co . galway ; he d . in a . d . 1120 , was interred in killaloe , and was succeeded by his son connor , who , dying in 1142 , was succeeded by his brother , turloch .
120 . turlogh donn , who d . 1528 : son of teige - an - chomhaid ; married twice : first , to joan , dau . of thomas , eighth lord fitzmaurice ( see no . 13 on the
fitzmaurice
pedigree ) ; and , secondly , to raghnait , dau . of john macnamara , of clan coilcain , and by her had : i . connor ; ii . donogh ; iii . murrough , first earl of thomond and baron of inchiquin ; iv . teige , slain by pierce , earl of ormond ; v . dermod ; vi . margaret , m . to owen o ' rourke , of the county leitrim ; vii . slaine , m . to henry oge o ' neill , son of henry , prince of ulster ; viii . fionala , who m . manus o ' donnell , chief of tirconnell .
85 . cormac cas : second son of olioll olum , king of munster , by his wife sabh or sabina , daughter of conn of the hundred battles , and relict of macniadh ; he was one of the most distinguished champions of his time , and
remarkable for strength of body , dexterity , and courage .
he defeated the lagenians ( or leinster men ) in the battle of iorras damhsa , carmen ( or wexford ) , liamhan ( or dunlaven ) , tara , teltown , and samhna hill ; and the conacians in the famous battle of cruachan , in the county roscommon . cormac d . at dun - tri - liag , ( or the fort of the stone slabs ) , now
duntrileague ,
in the county limerick , of wounds received in the battle of samhna hill , from the spear of eochy of the red eyebrows , king of leinster . he was m . to samer , dau . of fionn maccumhal ( fionn maccoole ) , and sister of the poet oisin , by whom he left , with other children :
andrews , brian william , bem , superintendent , state apartments , st . james ' s palace . birbeck , eric clifford , for serv the queen . brown , insp peter anthony , met pol . for serv rty protection . burch , st , john alexander . for serv the r collection . clark , david george , locksmith / fitter , r household . curtis , mrs patricia , investiture clerk , central chancery of the orders of knighthood . fisher , david george william , lieutenancy offr , lord lieutenancy of south yorkshire . brandling - harris , sgt piers godwin , met pol . for serv rty protection . henderson , miss penelope jane , sec , r windsor horse show . kidner , james hippisley , formerly dep private sec to the prince of wales and the duchess of cornwall . marshall , stephen henry ronald , rvm , yeoman of the glass and china pantry , r household . pepper , ian john , formerly sen assurance offr , hm revenue and customs . potts , john , maintenance mgr , ascot racecourse . read , david john , dep superintendent , palace of holyroodhouse . taylor , michael john , assistant to the master of the household , finance , r household . thwaites , ms josephine elizabeth , project mgr , kew palace . wheaton , raymond , rvm , page of the chambers , r household .
110 . donal mór ( d . 1194 ) : son of turlogh ; the last king of north munster ; was m . to orlacan , dau . of dermod na gall macmorough ( by his wife , the dau . of o ' moore , prince of leix ) , and had mór , who married cathal craobh dearg o ' connor ( d . 1224 ) , the 51st christian king of conacht , with nine sons : 1 . donogh cairbreach ; 2 . murtogh dall , ancestor of the clan murtogh dall o ' brien , of hy - bloid , in the northeast of the co . clare ; 3 . connor ruadh ; 4 . murtogh fionn , ancestor of the clan turlogh fionn of the same territory ; 6 . donal conachtach , ancestor of clan donal conaghtaigh , of echtge , and subsequently of ara , in the county tipperary ; 7 . brian ( surnamed
of burren
) , ancestor of clan bhriain boirnigh ; 8 . connor , ancestor of clan connor guasanaigh ; 9 . dermod fiodhnuich , ancestor of the clan dermod fiodhniagh . in 1169 , this donal mór founded a religious house , afterwards the cathedral church on the site of the existing edifice in cashel ; in 1171 , he founded a nunnery in the city of limerick , but not a vestige of it remains . in 1172 , following the example of dermod maccarthy mór , king of south munster , he made henry ii . , king of england , a tender of his submission on the banks of the suir : —
piping peg ' s dam hobby mare ( lister ' s turk ) brocklesby betty ( curwen ' s bay barb ) brocklesby ( greyhound ) bay brocklesby ( partner [ crofts ] ) dairymaid ( bloody buttocks ) starling mare ( starling [ bolton ] ) allworthy mare ( allworthy ) a - la - grecque ( regulus ) . . . . . 23 - a cub mare ( cub ) turk mare ( turk ) . . . . . 23 - b
sampling of contemporary members of family 23 has found three mitochondrial dna haplotypes representative of three separate founder mares in family 23 . one of these is found in the trunk and both branches and is most plausibly representative of the family founder . another haplotype is found only in branch 23 - a , and the third only in branch 23 - b . both are most likely indicative of error at some point in the stud book record for those branches .
( gsb ) , appears on page 11 of the 5th , revised edition , of 1891 , in the first part . the introductory paragraph of this section says :
the following list of the earliest known mares , very few of which have been printed before as brood mares ( though the substance has been given in the miscellaneous pedigrees at the end of earlier editions ) , are combined with the imported eastern stallions , the source , with hardly any exception , of the whole of the so - called thorough - bred stock now existant . . .
the hobby mare , got by lister ' s turk , out of the duke of kingston ' s * piping peg . 1709 b c brocklesby , by the curwen bay barb . . . mr curwen 1711 ch f brocklesby betty , by ditto . . . mr curwen * piping peg had also a sister to the hobby mare , which was the dam in 1716 of mr pelham ' s hip , by the curwen bay barb . a sister to piping peg had a filly by hip , which was the dam of sir a hazlerigg ' s ringtail galloway , by the curwen bay barb , which was dam in 1737 of mr e o ' brien ' s patch or miss patch , by lord halifax ' s justice . miss patch was the dam in ireland of brutus , by old england , and patty , by tim ( son of squirt ) .
brocklesby betty , bred by mr pelham , in 1711 , got by the curwen bay barb , out of mr leedes ' s hobby mare , by the lister turk . 1721 gr f brocklesby , by greyhound . . . mr crofts 1723 ch c brocklesby , by woodcock . . . lord godolphin in 1722 missed to woodcock .
records from the 18th century , however , call this construction into question , and , in fact , suggest that considerable revision should be made .
the first record is an entry in cuthbert routh ' s stud - book , as published by c m prior in early records of the thoroughbred horse , 1924 . this particular pedigree is undated but is included in a section with pedigrees dated from 1725 to 1734 .
hipp was gott by mr pellham ' s bay barb , his dam by lister ' s turk , and was full sistr to piping pegg ; and hipp was full brothr to long megg . - per mr pellham .
this pedigree may be interpreted as saying that hip and long meg were both got by mr pelham ' s bay barb , and out of a full sister to piping peg , got by lister ' s turk .
the next record is an advertisement appearing on page 10 of the newcastle courant , for march 20 & 27 , 1724 - 5 . this reads :
these are to give notice , that the famous stallion call ' d , hip , late belonging to sir wm blacket , bar . is now in the possession of mr fenwick bowman of elfhils in northumberland , where any gentleman may have mares served , paying each mare one guinea : this stallion is full brother to long meg , and brockelsby ' s betty , got with pelham ' s barb , and out of hobby ' s mare , which was bred by mr leeds , and is now reckon ' d one of the most valued stud mares in all england , he challeng ' d all the 5 years old in england , which challenge was accepted , and run by a horse of mr pullien , being reckon ' d the best of that age ; but he was beat by hip , with a great deal of ease ; he was soon after , by a misfortune in one of his sweats , rendered uncapable of being any longer a training one .


oliva tessellata , common name the tessellate olive , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family olividae , the olives .

oliva tessellata

oliva ( neocylindrus ) guttata fischer von waldheim , g . , 1807 : taiwan ; e australia
( of oliva tesselata ) vervaet f . & recourt p . pers . com . , january 2010 [ details ]
this oliva tessellata species distribution map has been generated with the aquamaps methodology by exploiting the technology and the computational resources provided by imarine . in particular , this map has been produced using the hspec 2050 native range dataset , generated using aquamaps nativerange2050 algorithm .
. baruš v , oliva o ( eds ) užovka podplamata , fauna čsfr . plazi - reptilia svazek 26 , academia , praha ; 1992 .
the dice snake ( natrix tessellata laurenti , 1768 ) is generally considered to be a fully or partially piscivorous freshwater snake species . the aim of the study was to make the first global overview on the taxonomy and geographical distribution of the species based on own observations , available databases and the special literature .
number and frequency of prey species in the diet of natrix tessellata in different habitats . invertebrates were united into one group due to their low number and similar distribution . code of categories : h - 1 : marine , h - 2 : freshwater , h - 3 : terrestrial , f - 1 : no quantitative data , f - 2 : rare , f - 3 : frequent , f - 5 : common .
relative abundance of prey items in the diet of natrix tessellata in seven eurasian studies . invertebrates were united into one group due to their low number and similar distribution . country codes : aut : austria , cro : croatia , c - ita 1 : central italy , c - ita 2 : northern italy , c - tur : central turkey , n tur : northern turkey , rou : romania , rus : russia .
similarity of the feeding spectrum of natrix tessellata in 18 countries . shading in the map indicates the species ' range . country codes : ita : italy , cro : croatia , tur : turkey , aut : austria , sui : switzerland , slo : slovenia , cze : czech republic , pol : poland , hun : hungary , ger : germany , rus : russia , rou : romania , bul : bulgaria , gru : georgia , aze : azerbaijan , irn : iran , syr : syria , jor : jordan .
geographical distribution of prey in the diet of natrix tessellata . invertebrates were united into one group due to their low number and similar distribution . country codes : ita : italy , cro : croatia , tur : turkey , aut : austria , sui : switzerland , slo : slovenia , cze : czech republic , pol : poland , hun : hungary , ger : germany , rus : russia , rou : romania , bul : bulgaria , gru : georgia , aze : azerbaijan , irn : iran , syr : syria , jor : jordan .
lamarck [ j . b . m . de ] . ( 1811 ) . suite de la détermination des espèces de mollusques testacés . annales du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 16 : 300 - 328 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 320 , species 38 [ details ]
after more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .
last week - on may 30 and 31st – 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .
on 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .
the 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to françois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .
in 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .
the scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
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- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .
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inkl . 19 % mwst . zzgl . versandkosten versandgewicht : 0 . 010 kg lieferzeit : max . 12 werktage ( deutschland ) lagermenge : 37 stück
inkl . 19 % mwst . zzgl . versandkosten versandgewicht : 0 . 010 kg lieferzeit : max . 12 werktage ( deutschland )
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* preis jeweils pro stück , sofern nicht anders gekennzeichnet durch zahl in klammern hinter dem produktnamen , z . b . ( x2 ) für 2 stück oder ( 10g ) für eine portion von 10 gramm .
wenn sie diesen artikel kaufen , erhalten sie nur bei entsprechend ausgewiesenen einzelstücken ( * unikat * ) das abgebildete exemplar . ansonsten dienen abbildungen als repräsentative beispiele und der artikel , den sie erhalten , ist dem foto mindestens sehr ähnlich .
lamarck [ j . b . m . de ] . ( 1811 ) . suite de la détermination des espèces de mollusques testacés .
the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .
f + + + , very nice specimen found by p . williams ( labeled as o . bewleyi )
f + + + , very strange specimen from rare locality ! found by peggy williams in 1983 ! looks close to se florida o . matchetti !
f + , very strange specimen from rare locality ! found by peggy williams in 1983 ! looks close to se florida o . matchetti !
gem , very nice form - we only have had two specimen until today - the name may not be correct , but certainly is a form or even full species , dark first whorls and few patterns . from berry island
f + + + , very nice patterns ! found by p . williams in 1999
f + + , nice shinny specimen , collected in st . petersburg in 1982 ! ex - coll . bunnie cook
f + + + , elongated and cylindric specimen ! found by p . williams
f + + , unusual light colored shell found by p . williams off cairns !
gem , beautiful species ! usually sold as polpasta , but this is easily identified by the shape and dark mark inside the siphon . rare mexican specimen found by p . williams !
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imarine is an access point to a number of virtual research environments deployed and operated in the context of the imarine project to support the ecosystem approach to . . . read more
the global analysis of the diet of the dice snake revealed a feeding spectrum characteristically changing over the broad distribution area including non - fish prey as well as taxa from marine and terrestrial habitats . the analysis of the feeding spectrum separated four large geographical units with further distinctions in central and eastern europe . such diversity helps explain why this species was able to colonise a large and diverse eurasian range .
laurenti , 1768 ) is a eurasian snake species ranging from germany and switzerland to china , pakistan and egypt ( gasc et al . [
] ) . it occurs in aquatic or marshy habitats , including brackish water ( gruschwitz et al . [
] ) occasionally even inhabiting cities such as rome and prague ( velenský et al . [
) lives in eurasian habitats , often inhabiting similar areas with the dice snake ( gasc et al . [
) has sympatric populations in switzerland and italy with the dice snake ( metzger et al . [
] ) . however , it is considered to be threatened in a number of western and central european states , with low genetic variation in some populations ( gautschi et al . [
] ) . as such , conservation measures should still be undertaken for this species as habitat destruction , pollution , road traffic , collection and persecution are listed as possible threats .
the dice snake has a large distribution and it occurs in different habitats , which would imply the species can adapt well to local conditions presumably by adopting a wide feeding spectrum . however , it is generally considered to be a diurnal piscivorous snake ( gasc et al . [
] ) despite information that shows the species also eats non - fish prey items such as amphibians and reptiles ( see e . g . beshkov and dushkov [
] ) . a number of publications contain information on the food of the dice snake , with several focusing on local areas ( e . g . luiselli et al . [
] on central italy ) , but no global overview of the species ' dietary preferences has been published .
the aim of this paper is to review the feeding spectrum of the dice snake over its global distribution by comparing the species ' prey items in different countries and offer reasons for potential differences in prey item preference based on geography and habitat conditions .
information was gathered from literature sources and personal observations on the diet of the dice snake from its whole range , i . e . from switzerland in the west to pakistan and china in the east , and from germany in the north to iran in the south . information from papers only mentioning large , collective groups such as ‘insects’ , ‘fish’ or ‘frogs’ as food items without giving species ( or genus ) level information is discussed in the article ( e . g . brecko et al . [
] ) but was not included in the database , even if their addition would have added new items to the list such as mice ( wang et al . [
] ) . no time limit was applied ; reports available from the first half of the twentieth century were also used . besides published records and our observations , citizen science data were also collected by approaching internet databases for photographic evidence of dice snake predation on a given taxa ( e . g .
] ) to elucidate geographical differences among 18 countries , where appropriate information could be collected . statistical analysis was made using syn - tax 2000 ( podani [
contains the number of species from the different classes in different habitats and their frequency distribution . it shows that in marine habitats , only fish were predated ; in freshwater and terrestrial habitats , the most frequently eaten prey items were fishes and amphibians , respectively . the quantitative data shows that fish and amphibians overall were the most frequently eaten prey items , with invertebrates , reptiles and mammals eaten only rarely .
detailed quantitative data on the diet of the dice snake were found in eight articles ( acipinar et al . [
] ) including 2 , 375 prey items from the investigation of more than 2 , 730 snakes . the relative abundance of the different fauna groups at six european and two asian sites is summarised in figure
, which shows a relatively uniform pattern , fishes comprised the highest abundance of prey items in seven out of the eight studies ( acipinar et al . [
] ) . in four surveys ( austria , croatia , northern turkey , romania ) , they were the only food items described , while in italy , amphibians were also eaten in both cases . unlike these studies , fishes did not have an absolute dominance among the prey items in central turkey ( acipinar et al . [
] ) and , to a moderate extent , reptiles ( bakiev et al . [
species ( and , in some cases , genus ) level data on the feeding spectrum of the dice snake was collected from 18 countries . their similarity can be seen in figure
) . in the middle east , the number of species eaten was relatively low ( under eight species in any country ) with only fish and amphibians eaten . the same taxa characterise countries in the ponto - caspian group but different species are fed on and the number of species was also higher . the remaining two groups ( central and eastern european , mediterranean ) are characterised by a wide feeding spectrum , characteristic differences among the countries and further division in the central and eastern european group e . g . according to altitude .
data from 18 countries proved that the dice snake feeds on at least 113 prey taxa from six classes . fish were the most important prey items ; the importance of non - fish species in the diet was pronounced in deserts , high mountains and in dry mediterranean areas . in spite of the wide feeding spectrum , only fish and amphibians were found to be predominant food items over the whole species ' range .
due to its excellent swimming and diving abilities and fidelity to freshwater habitats , the dice snake is generally considered to be a piscivorous fish species ( gasc et al . [
) , both fast - and slow - moving animals . for example , reptiles , especially lizards , have been found in the diet of the dice snake for more than 60 years ( göçmen et al . [
] ) . a key factor determining the actual species composition is that according to current understanding of the species ' habitat requirements over much of its range , the dice snake remains in the immediate vicinity of surface waters at a distance of less than 20 metres to the water edge during the active season ( conelli et al . [
sp . , ) fish species as it has been observed in the caspian sea ( tuniyev et al . [
] ) , lake balaton ( own unpublished data ) , lake prespa ( sterijovski et al . [
] ) . in fishponds , the main prey species of the dice snake were juvenile fish from aquaculture and allochthonous fish species ( acipinar et al . [
) . populations in high mountains ( over 1 , 000 m a . s . l . ) may specialise on eating larval and adult amphibians ( cafuta and krofel 2007 ; frotzler et al . [
] ) as predominant food . it can also be considerable in arid regions , where the dice snake often lives along temporary water bodies or fish ponds , where only a limited number of fish species are present ( amr and disi [
] ) . as young fish produced in fish farms can become an important element in the diet of the dice snake besides natural conditions , human activity may also influence the spread and survival of this snake ( acipinar et al . [
several publications include estimates on the frequency of different prey organisms of the dice snake , including estimates for various habitats . wang et al . ( [
] ) , for example , investigated 200 individuals and listed fish as the main food item in large , reed covered water bodies , insects , tadpoles and adult amphibians in temporarily water - covered rice paddies and connecting canals among them , and fish , tadpoles , insects and rodents ( primarily mice ) along streams in other agricultural areas in north - eastern china .
) ; this result is characteristic for the species inhabiting permanent streams and large water bodies or rivers in austria , croatia , romania and northern turkey ( acipinar et al . [
] ) . contradictory results were found on prey selection . for example , in styrean waters , there was no complete overlap between the abundance of the different species in fish communities and in the diet of the dice snake ( zimmerman and fachbach [
] ) , while in the danube delta , the number of snake - caught gobiid species was reflective of the abundance of the respective species in bottom habitats ( sloboda et al . [
] ) . though the feeding spectrum of the studies was wide , fish were also the most abundant prey species at the other sites including the mediterranean ( bakiev et al . [
] ) . in one case , however , other food items ( insects , amphibians , reptiles and mammals ) in total were more numerous than fish ( göçmen et al . [
] ) . though the number of these studies is limited , they support the general conclusion that over much of its range , the dice snake primarily feeds on fish , while in arid areas ( see also frotzler et al . [
] ) and , according to cafuta and krofel ( 2007 ) , also in high mountains , its diet may shift towards amphibians and other prey items .
) . the group separated most from other branches includes asian countries with dice snake populations in highly arid regions ( iran , syria , jordan ) . the list of prey species in these countries is short , with snakes predominantly feeding on fish and amphibians from permanent rivers and alien fish species kept in fish farms ( amr and disi [
the second group in the cluster includes countries with the highest number of ponto - caspian gobiid species ( e . g .
central and eastern european countries formed a common group with russia . there are several fish with very large distribution areas among the prey species there such as
] ) , while high mountain populations ( austria , switzerland , slovenia ) feeding on locally characteristic fish species and also on amphibians are on another sub - branch .
countries with mediterranean climate ( croatia , italy , turkey ) form the final group with freshwater tolerating marine fish species and cosmopolitan fish species in the diet of the dice snake . this area is characterised with the most diverse feeding spectrum including snails , insects , reptiles and mammals ( additional file
) related to the drying out of many water bodies during summer . during extremely hot summers , the dice snake was also observed to hunt at night , also far away from surface waters , which furthers the potential feeding spectrum of this snake ( see e . g . moller [
] , who observed over a period of several weeks a large dice snake which ‘unusually’ hunted geckos at night ) .
snakes have strikingly different feeding spectra ranging from strictly egg - eating species with limited distribution ( see e . g . dandge [
] ) . the dice snake is present in over 20 countries on three continents , which is , unlike what has been suggested earlier on the basis of observations from the western - central part of its distribution area , partly the result of its generalist feeding strategy leading to a good adaptive ability if the potential prey spectrum changes ( acipinar et al . [
] ) . it is also supported by its anatomy enabling this snake to hunt effectively in both aquatic and terrestrial environments ( bilcke et al . [
species inhabiting the palearctic . in a comparative study with the closely related grass snake (
] ) found the dice snake to have a narrower feeding spectrum than the grass snake , which also has a broader distribution ( gasc et al . [
] ) . the latter species more plastically changing its diet and populations near to each other within relatively short distances may specialise on different food ( luiselli et al . [
, shows a considerable overlap with that of the dice snake but with some exceptions ( see e . g . the observations of scali , [
] ) , and due to other factors as fertility and size , the dice snake is able to outcompete the viperine snake ( metzger et al . [
the authors thank andrew hamer and the anonymous reviewers for improving an earlier version of the manuscript .
, and pm finalized the manuscript with wa . all authors read and approved the final manuscript .
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