spinomantis peraccae is a species of frog in the mantellid subfamily mantellinae , endemic to madagascar .

the specific epithet honours italian herpetologist mario giacinto peracca .

spinomantis peraccae

description of two tadpoles of malagasy treefrogs , spinomantis sp . aff . peraccae and spinomantis tavaratra
- - synonym : mantidactylus ( spinomantis ) peraccae — glaw and vences , 1994 .
mantidactylus ( spinomantis ) peraccae — glaw and vences , 1994 , fieldguide amph . rept . madagascar , ed . 2 : 403 .
no one has contributed data records for spinomantis yet . learn how to contribute .
rhacophorus ( rhacophorus ) peraccae — ahl , 1931 , das tierreich , 55 : 191 .
this recently described species is similar to spinomantis peraccae and s . elegans . there is confustion regarding the taxonomy of this group ( additional species might be involved ) , and a revision is needed .
- - . . . none , mantidactylus opiparis , unknown . none , mantidactylus peraccae , unknown . none ,
mantidactylus ( guibemantis ) peraccae — dubois , 1992 , bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon , 61 : 312 .
descriptions of two new spinomantis frogs from madagascar ( amphibia : mantellidae ) , and new morphological data for s . brunae and s . massorum
mantidactylus peraccae — blommers - schlösser , 1978 , genetica , 48 : 32 . blommers - schlösser , 1979 , beaufortia , 29 : 43 .
( pdf ) descriptions of two new spinomantis frogs from madagascar ( amphibia : mantellidae ) , and new morphological data for s . brunae and s . massorum
m 34 - 44 mm . the only arboreal spinomantis without distinct fringes or spines . usually light brown to greenish on the dorsum with distinct rounded brown patches .
spinomantis peraccae — vences and glaw , 2006 , in vences et al . ( eds . ) , calls frogs madagascar : 25 . glaw and vences , 2006 , organisms divers . evol . , 6 : 248 ; glaw and vences , 2006 , organisms divers . evol . , electron . suppl . , 11 ( 1 ) : 2 .
andreone , f . , glaw , f . , vences , m . and vallan , d . 1998 . a new mantidactylus from south - eastern madagascar , with a review of mantidactylus peraccae ( ranidae : mantellinae ) . herpetological journal 8 : 149 - 159 .
. . . for instance , 34 of 77 species of the treefrog genus boophis have been described since 2000 ( e . g . , glaw et al . 2010 ) . in contrast , only two species of spinomantis were described in the same period ( cramer et al . 2008 ) , although another 11 candidate species were identified by molecular data ( vieites et al . 2009 ; perl et al . 2014 ) . spinomantis bertini ( guibé , 1947 ) is a poorly known frog of 22−28 mm snout–vent length , inhabiting stream edges in primary rainforest of the south - eastern malagasy andohahela massif ( glaw & vences 2007 ) . . . .
rhacophorus peraccae boulenger , 1896 , ann . mag . nat . hist . , ser . 6 , 18 : 421 . holotype : bmnh 1947 . 2 . 9 . 70 , according to blommers - schlösser and blanc , 1991 , faune de madagascar , 75 : 153 . type locality :
ivohimanita
, northwestern madagascar .
spinomantis brunae — vences and glaw , 2006 , in vences et al . ( eds . ) , calls frogs madagascar : 26 . glaw and vences , 2006 , organisms divers . evol . , 6 : 248 ; glaw and vences , 2006 , organisms divers . evol . , electron . suppl . , 11 ( 1 ) : 2 .
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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
frost , d . r . 2015 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 6 . 0 . new york , usa . available at : urltoken .
the taxonomic status of this species is in doubt . some populations assigned to it might belong to other species ( andreone et al . 1998 ) .
justification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution and presumed large population .
this species ranges widely in northern , eastern and central madagascar from tsaratanana south to andohahela , at 500 - 2 , 000 m asl . recent records have confirmed it occurring in bemanevika ( rabearivony et al . 2010 ) .
it is a locally abundant species . due to ongoing declines in the extent and quality of habitat , the population is suspected to be decreasing .
it is an arboreal species living along streams in pristine rainforest and it is not found in altered habitats . the eggs are placed on leaves above water , and the larvae develop in slow - flowing streams .
its forest habitat is receding due to subsistence agriculture , timber extraction , charcoal manufacture , and invasive spread of eucalyptus , livestock grazing and expanding human settlements .
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variation : specimens from tsaratanana , have a more brownish colour and indistinct patterning and very melodious , “metallic” - sounding calls , and may represent a different species .
is larger , with a less granular skin and has only an inner metatarsal tubercle .
ambohitantely , andranomay forest , anjanaharibe , ankazobe , ankeniheny , chaines anosyennes , farihimazava , ranomafana ( maharira forest , ranomena , vohiparara ) . it occurs between 500m - 2 , 000m asl in pristine rainforest ( andreone et al . 2008 ) .
leaf axil . one calling male was captured in february , about 5 m above a brook in rain forest . several other specimens were heard along forest brooks .
call ( from ankeniheny ) : a single ' explosive ' short note that can be described as ' pom ' . note duration is about 75 ms . frequency is between 1 . 2 and 4 . 2 khz , with intensity maxima at 1 . 3 and 2 . 6 khz . call is repeated after intervals of at least about 30 seconds . similar calls were heard at andasibe .
breeding takes place in slow - moving streams ( andreone et al . 2008 ) .
andreone , f . , vallan , d . , and nussbaum , r . ( 2008 ) .
. in : iucn 2008 . 2008 iucn red list of threatened species . www . iucnredlist . org . downloaded on 29 april 2009 .
miguel vences and frank glaw ( m . vences at tu - bs . de ) , assistant professor and curator of vertebrates at the institute for biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics in the zoological museum at the university of amsterdam .
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed jul 9 , 2018 .
> university of california , berkeley , ca , usa . accessed 9 jul 2018 .
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peracca ' s madagascar frog ( frank and ramus , 1995 , compl . guide scient . common names amph . rept . world : 101 ) .
holotype redescribed by andreone , glaw , vences , and vallan , 1998 , herpetol . j . , 8 : 152 . glaw and vences , 2007 , field guide amph . rept . madagascar , ed . 3 : 206 - 207 , provided an account .
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this species ranges widely in northern , eastern and central madagascar from . . .
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amphibian species of the world : an online reference v5 . 3 , database ( version 5 . 3 )
frost , darrel r . 2009 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 5 . 3 ( 12 february , 2009 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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living within fallen palm leaves : the discovery of an unknown blommersia ( mantellidae : anura ) reveal . . .
field observations on some dwarf chameleons ( brookesia spp . ) from rainforest areas of madagascar , wi . . .
six species of brookesia dwarf chameleons were recorded during two rainforest expeditions in madagascar . one of these is described as a new species brookesia valerieae based on the arrangement of the nine pairs of dorso - lateral spines , the lack of a pelvic shield , and dorsal chevron markings . observations were made on the defence and roosting behaviours shown by these six species . aspects . . . [ show full abstract ]
gephyromantis tricinctus guibé , 1947 ( anura : ranidae : mantellinae ) , known only from the type series and currently considered as a synonym of mantidactylus biporus , is resurrected as mantidactylus tricinctus , and included in the subgenus brygoomantis . a detailed redescription , based on specimens recently collected in central eastern madagascar , notes on natural history , and a description of . . . [ show full abstract ]
applications of ecological niche modeling for species delimitation : a review and empirical evaluatio . . .
although the systematic utility of ecological niche modeling is generally well known ( e . g . , concerning the recognition and discovery of areas of endemism for biogeographic analyses ) , there has been little discussion of applications concerning species delimitation , and to date , no empirical evaluation has been conducted . however , ecological niche modeling can provide compelling evidence for . . . [ show full abstract ]
a new phytotelmic species of platypelis ( microhylidae : cophylinae ) from the betampona reserve , easte . . .
we describe a new arboreal and diminutive species of the genus platypelis from the réserve naturelle intégrale n . 1 de betampona , one of the last low - altitude rainforest fragments of eastern madagascar . p . karenae sp . nov . is a phytotelmic species , living among leaves of pandanus spp . and those of a herbaceous plant of the genus crinum . amongst species of comparable size , the new species is . . . [ show full abstract ]
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c . michael hogan selected
madagascar subhumid forests habitat
to show in overview on
hapalemur aureus meier , albignac , peyriéras , rumpler and wright , 1987
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar subhumid forests habitat
and
prolemur simus
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar subhumid forests habitat
and
liopholidophis sexlineatus günther 1882
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar subhumid forests habitat
and
liopholidophis grandidieri mocquard 1904
.
jennifer hammock added an association between
madagascar subhumid forests habitat
and
pseudoxyrhopus ankafinaensis raxworthy & nussbaum 1994
.
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taxonomy - ontology - tool / amphibiaweb . txt at master · nescent / taxonomy - ontology - tool · github
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listed as endangered because its extent of occurrence ( eoo ) is 1 , 883 km 2 , all individuals are in fewer than five locations , and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat in southeastern madagascar .
this species is known from andohahela national park and manantantely in extreme southeastern madagascar . it has been recorded from 300 - 600 m asl and its extent of occurrence ( eoo ) is 1 , 883 km 2 .
it is thought to be locally moderately common . however , due to ongoing declines in the extent and quality of habitat , the population is suspected to be decreasing .
it lives in crevices among boulders and rocky areas in pristine forest , usually close to flowing waters , and does not survive in secondary or degraded areas . its breeding biology is unknown , though it possibly takes place in water flowing among rocks .
the major threat to this species is habitat loss due to subsistence agriculture , timber extraction , charcoal manufacture , the invasive spread of eucalyptus , livestock grazing , and expanding human settlements .
conservation actions it occurs in andohahela national park . conservation needed improved protection and management of its habitat is required , including inside the boundaries of protected areas . research needed further work is required to better understand its population size , distribution , and trends , and its life history and ecology .
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humid forests in the anosy mountains from andohahela and manantantely , southeastern madagascar , 600 - 800 m elevation .
, but smaller and nearly without dermal flaps and fringes . females unknown . other characters see next section .
hand without web ; webbing of the foot 1 ( 0 . 5 ) , 2i ( 1 ) , 2e ( 0 . 25 ) , 3i ( 1 . 25 ) , 3e ( 0 . 25 ) , 4i / e ( 1 . 5 ) , 5 ( 1 ) . skin on the back granular . tubercles are present on the back , on the head , and on the eyes . on the posterior edge of foot and tarsus 8 - 9 small tubercles can be recognized . slightly distinct tubercles on the heels . only slight longitudinal furrows between the eyes .
colour in life light brown on the back , with rather irregular brown spots and larger markings , and some greenish colour . hindlegs with dark brown crossbands . some white patches are present on the flanks . underside uniformly whitish except the femurs which are marbled with brown . the bones are light green .
paratype : adult male , zfmk 57443 , from same locality as holotype . svl is 33 . 5 mm . morphological features very similar to the holotype . the general colour in life of the back and legs was mossy green ; in preservative this colour has disappeared . two distinct tubercles are present on each heel . the femoral glands measure 10x3 . 5 mm .
benavony , manongarivo , tsaratanana ( antsahamanara campsite ) . it occurs between 200 - 1 , 100m asl in streams near primary forest but not secondary habitats ( raxworthy and glaw 2008 ) .
habits : calling males were found in march along a brook in primary forest about 2 m above the ground . calling activity had a peak at dusk , starting before 17 h and was nearly finished at 19 . 30 h .
calls : a single pulsed note , consisting of a minimum of two pulses , but sometimes with more pulses , loud but not very conspicuous , and less “metallic” in appearance than in other species of the group .
it might occur in the réserve spéciale de manongarivo and réserve naturelle intégrale du tsaratanana ( raxworthy and glaw 2008 ) .
adults 50 - 60 mm . tibiotarsal articulation reaches the nostril . hand without webbing , foot webbing 1 ( 0 . 5 ) , 2i ( 1 ) , 2e ( 1 ) , 3i ( 2 ) , 3e ( 1 ) , 4i / e ( 2 ) , 5 ( 0 . 5 ) . dorsal skin smooth . colour dorsally light brown with distinct rounded dark brown patches that are delimited by a white or yellow line . males with distinct , prominent dark femoral glands ; shape and size of vocal sac unknown . similar species : mainly
andohahela , andohariana , chaines anosyennes , andringitra ( cuvette boby , imaitso forest ) , ivohibe , maharira summit ( ranomafana ) . it occurs between 1 , 350 - 2 , 500m asl along rocky outcrops in forested zones and above tree line ( cadle and raxworthy 2008 ) .
habits : a species restricted to high elevations , occurring among large boulders or in small caves above the tree - line or in rainforest above 1200 m elevation . at andringitra , subadults can be found hidden under rocks at high elevations above the tree line . males call from within caves and cavities during day and night . very large blackish tadpoles develop in streams .
calls : a very soft and inconspicuous sound for such a relatively large frog , reminding the dripping of water .
breeding takes place in streams . it takes at least a year for the tadpoles to begin metamorphosis ( cadle and raxworthy 2008 ) .
, its distribution is severely fragmented , and there is a continuing decline in the extent and quality of its forest habitat . it occurs in parc national de ranomafana , parc national d ' andringitra , parc national d ' andohahela , and probably parc national de midongy du sud ( cadle and raxworthy 2008 ) .
. in : iucn 2008 . 2008 iucn red list of threatened species . www . iucnredlist . org . downloaded on 05 may 2009 .
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1 . forest - > 1 . 6 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist lowland suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes 1 . forest - > 1 . 9 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist montane suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes 5 . wetlands ( inland ) - > 5 . 1 . wetlands ( inland ) - permanent rivers / streams / creeks ( includes waterfalls ) suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes
1 . residential & commercial development - > 1 . 1 . housing & urban areas
2 . agriculture & aquaculture - > 2 . 1 . annual & perennial non - timber crops - > 2 . 1 . 1 . shifting agriculture
2 . agriculture & aquaculture - > 2 . 1 . annual & perennial non - timber crops - > 2 . 1 . 2 . small - holder farming
2 . agriculture & aquaculture - > 2 . 3 . livestock farming & ranching - > 2 . 3 . 2 . small - holder grazing , ranching or farming
5 . biological resource use - > 5 . 3 . logging & wood harvesting - > 5 . 3 . 5 . motivation unknown / unrecorded
8 . invasive and other problematic species , genes & diseases - > 8 . 1 . invasive non - native / alien species / diseases - > 8 . 1 . 2 . named species
blommers - schlösser , r . m . a . 1979 . biosystematics of the malagasy frogs . i . mantellinae ( ranidae ) . beaufortia 29 ( 352 ) : 1 - 77 .
blommers - schlösser , r . m . a . and blanc , c . p . 1991 . amphibiens ( première partie ) . fauna de madagascar 75 : 1 - 379 .
glaw , f . and vences , m . 1994 . a fieldguide to the amphibians and reptiles of madagascar . second edition . zoologisches forschungsinstitut und museum alexander koenig , bonn .
glaw , f . and vences , m . 2007 . a fieldguide to the amphibians and reptiles of madagascar . third edition . vences & glaw verlag , cologne .
iucn . 2016 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2016 - 1 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 30 june 2016 ) .
rabearivony , j . , raselimanana , a . p . , andriamazava , m . a . , thorstrom , r . and rene de roland , l - a . 2010 . a new locality for the endangered microhylid frog scaphiophryne boribory from northern madagascar and a rapid survey of other amphibians of the bemanevika region . herpetology notes 3 : 105 - 109 .
raxworthy , c . j . and nussbaum , r . a . 1996 . amphibians and reptiles of andringitra massif : a study of elevational distribution and local endemicity . fieldiana zoology 85 : 158 - 170 .
the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2018 - 1 . < urltoken > . downloaded on 09 july 2018 .
a small conspicuously coloured frog ; males 22 - 23 mm , females 25 - 28 mm . colour in life unknown . in preservative , dorsum brownish with distinct dark spots , flanks darker with light spots . dorsal surface of legs white with distinct narrow black bands . venter white with dark spots , which are more or less circular on the throat and become more oblong towards the abdomen . skin smooth . nostrils nearer to tip of snout than to the eye . tympanum very distinct , about 1 / 2 of eye diameter . tibiotarsal articulation reaches the eye . lateral metatarsalia partly connected . webbing rudimentary . fingers with terminal disks . oblong femoral glands clearly visible in males .
similar species : colouration is unique . morphology is similar to the m . wittei - complex .


melanella cinca is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family eulimidae .

the species is one of many species known to exist within the genus , melanella .

melanella cinca

the following term was not found in genome : melanella cinca [ orgn ] .
melanella conoidalis ( sowerby , 1865 ) : synonym of melanella cumingi ( a . adams , 1851 )
melanella indeflexa ( a . adams , 1861 ) : synonym of melanella dufresnei ( bodwich , 1822 )
melanella kyurokusimensis nomura & hatai , 1960 : synonym of melanella odontoidea ( a . adams , 1861 )
melanella luchuana ( pilsbry , 1901 ) : synonym of melanella cuspidata ( a . adams , 1851 )
melanella candida ( marrat , 1880 ) : synonym of melanella martinii ( a . adams in sowerby , 1854 )
melanella jamaicensis ( c . b . adams , 1845 ) : synonym of melanella eburnea ( mühlfeld , 1824 )
v . 70 1927 - proceedings of the united states national museum . - biodiversity heritage library
a collection of birds from the provinces of yunnan and szechwan , china , made for the national geographic society by dr . joseph f . rock
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type locality : albatross sta . 2668 , off fernandina , florida [ actually off georgia ] , 30°58 ' n , 79°38 ' w , 294 fathoms
small shells from dredgings off the southeast coast of the united states by the united states fisheries steamer ' albatross ' in 1885 and 1886 proceedings of the united states national museum 70 ( 2667 ) 1 - 134 .
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, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the family .
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( a . adams in h . & a . adams , 1853 - 58 )
( a . adams , 1854 in h . & a . adams , 1853 - 58 )
warén a . ( 1984 ) a generic revision of the family eulimidae ( gastropoda , prosobranchia ) . journal of molluscan studies suppl . 13 : 1 - 96 . page ( s ) : 54
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 180 - 213
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the common shovelnose ray , giant shovelnose ray or giant guitarfish ( glaucostegus typus ) is a species of fish in the rhinobatidae family found in the central indo-pacific , ranging from india to the east china sea , solomon islands and northern australia .

it is found in shallow coastal areas to a depth of at least 100 m ( 330 ft ) , including mangrove , estuaries and reportedly also in freshwaters .

it reaches up to 2.7 m ( 8.9 ft ) in length , and is greyish-brown to yellowish-brown above with a paler snout .

this species has been tested for colour vision using choice experiments that control for brightness .

it was the first rigorous behvioural evidence for colour vision in any elasmobranch .

common shovelnose ray

the common shovelnose ray is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
information on the common shovelnose ray ( glaucostegus typus ) is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
birth of common shovelnose rays ( glaucostegus typus ) under captive conditions . - pubmed - ncbi
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the giant shovelnose ray grows to 2 . 7 m in length and occurs in the indo - pacific region .
the common shovelnose ray ( glaucostegus typus ) is a poorly studied species of the rhinobatidae family that occurs throughout the indo - west pacific . although common in aquariums throughout the united states , there are currently no records of captive birth events . in 2013 , a female common shovelnose ray housed at the downtown aquarium in houston , texas , usa gave birth to eleven pups . although all pups were stillborn , this event demonstrates that it is possible to breed common shovelnose rays in a controlled environment . the single female and two male common shovelnose rays at the aquarium are of sexually mature size ( between 206 and 240 cm total length , tl ) , demonstrate mating behaviors , and provide an excellent opportunity to investigate the reproductive biology of this species . captive environmental conditions of the birth enclosure may be useful in replicating the birthing event in order to develop a breeding program that could potentially relieve collection pressures on wild populations of guitarfish given their vulnerable status .
the giant shovelnose ray has a broadly triangular , opaque snout and enlarged denticles and thorns along its spine . there is no gap between the pectoral and pelvic fins and the lower lobe of the tail fin is small and straight
further research into the population structure , biology and ecology of g . typus is required to assess the extent to which fishing pressure , particularly in relation to finning , and habitat destruction is influencing this species within its range . improved species composition data from all fisheries that take shovelnose rays and guitarfish is necessary .
marine ; freshwater ; brackish ; demersal ; depth range 0 - 100 m ( ref . 6871 ) . tropical ; 24°n - 32°s , 91°e - 156°e
indo - west pacific : thailand to new guinea and the solomon islands , south to australia . records from the south coast of india , sri lanka , bangladesh , and myanmar need confirmation .
maturity : l m ? , range 150 - 180 cm max length : 270 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 9909 )
occurs inshore and offshore , from the intertidal to offshore continental and insular shelves ( ref . 9909 ) . adults are found offshore waters while young individuals are found inshore on sand flats , around atolls , and in mangrove swamps ( ref . 6871 ) . feeds on shellfish ( ref . 9909 ) . ovoviviparous ( ref . 50449 ) . reported to live and breed permanently in fresh water ( ref . 6871 ) . probably the major commercial guitarfish in the western central pacific ( ref . 9909 ) . caught regularly by demersal tangle net fisheries operating throughout the area . utilized for its meat , fins ( both very high value ) , skin and cartilage ( ref . 58048 ) . reported to attain a maximum length of 4 m ( ref . 58784 ) .
exhibit ovoviparity ( aplacental viviparity ) , with embryos feeding initially on yolk , then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus , fat or protein through specialised structures ( ref . 50449 ) . born at 38 - 40 cm tl ( ref . 58048 ) .
last , p . r . and j . d . stevens , 1994 . sharks and rays of australia . csiro , australia . 513 p . ( ref . 6871 )
) : 25 . 7 - 29 , mean 28 ( based on 1126 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5156 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00646 ( 0 . 00254 - 0 . 01643 ) , b = 2 . 98 ( 2 . 76 - 3 . 20 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 6 ±0 . 50 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : low , minimum population doubling time 4 . 5 - 14 years ( fec assumed to be < 100 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : very high vulnerability ( 83 of 100 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
eschmeyer , w . n . , fricke , r . and van der laan , r . ( eds ) . 2016 . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . updated 31 march 2016 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 31 march 2016 ) .
some recent changes in the systematics of rhinobatus have elevated the subgenus glaucostegus to full generic status and placed this genus into a family of its own : glaucostegidae ( compagno 2005 , last et al . 2016 ) .
glaucostegus typus is widely distributed in the indo - pacific ( last and stevens 1994 , compagno and last 1999 ) . another species , g . granulatus , co - occurs with this species at the western extremity of its range but has not been positively identified from the australia and oceania region ( last and stevens 1994 ) .
juveniles of g . typus occur inshore , e . g . , mangrove systems and estuaries , and around atolls , whilst adults are found in the deeper waters of the continental shelf to about 100 m ( last and stevens 1994 ) . this species has also been reported to be able to live and breed permanently in freshwater . glaucostegus typus is reported to attain at least 270 cm in length ( last and stevens 1994 ) . although no published information is available on size at maturity and reproductive biology of this species , specimens examined from shark bay ( western australia ) showed that females and males appear to mature at between 155 and 175 cm total length ( tl ) , and young are born at approximately 38 to 43 cm tl ( w . white , unpublished data ) . there does not appear to be a distinct seasonal reproductive cycle with newborn young found in most months of the year ( w . white , unpublished data ) . this species is a major predator of crustaceans , with an examination of the diets showing that more than 90 % of food ingested belongs to juveniles of either the blue swimmer crab ( portunus pelagicus ) or the western king prawn ( melicertus latisulcatus ) ( w . white , unpublished data ) . juveniles also utilize shallow sand flats as nursery areas and move into mangrove areas and sand flats at high tide to feed . there is no published information on the age at maturity , longevity and natural mortality of this species .
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master tracks 33 west park clifton bristol avon bs8 2lx united kingdom tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 117 973 6833 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 117 923 7090 neil @ urltoken http : / / www . urltoken
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the species has a triangular snout , two large dorsal fins and a caudal fin that lacks a lower lobe . there are thorns and denticles along the dorsal midline
the map below shows the australian distribution of the species based on public sightings and specimens in australian museums . click on the map for detailed information . source : atlas of living australia .
juveniles occur in inshore mangrove and coral reef waters . adults occur in deeper marine waters to depths of about 100 m .
hoese , d . f . , bray , d . j . , paxton , j . r . & g . r . allen . 2006 . fishes . in beesley , p . l . & a . wells . ( eds ) zoological catalogue of australia . volume 35 . abrs & csiro publishing : australia . parts 1 - 3 , pages 1 - 2178 .
last , p . r . & j . d . stevens . 2009 . sharks and rays of australia . edition 2 . csiro . pp . 644 , pl . 1 - 91 .
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timm ll 1 , carter je , frey j sr , prappas j , wells rj .
downtown aquarium houston , houston , texas ; texas a & m university , department of marine biology , galveston , texas .
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upper body grey - brown to olive with pale to yellow margins on the pectoral , pelvic , dorsal and caudal fins .
& copy ; the state of queensland ( department of agriculture and fisheries ) 2010–2018 . queensland government


acrolophus luriei is a moth of the acrolophidae family .

it was described by hasbrouck in 1964 .

it is found in north america , including arizona .

acrolophus luriei

acrolophus tapuja ; mielke & grehan , 2012 , nachr . ent . ver . apollo n . f . 32 ( 3 / 4 ) : 152
acrolophus is a genus of moth in the family acrolophidae , with , typically , great individual variation within species in color pattern , making field identification of many individuals difficult or impossible .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
dalaca tapuja pfitzner , 1914 ; ent . rundschau 31 ( 19 ) : 110 ; tl : southern brazil , leopoldina
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pfitzner in seitz , 1937 die amerikanischen spinner und schwärmer ( 186 pls ) gross - schmett . erde 6 : 1 - 32 ( 1913 ) , : 33 - 192 ( 1915 ) , : 193 - 240 ( 1917 ) , : 249 - 280 ( 1918 ) , : 241 - 248 , 281 - 320 ( 1919 ) , : 321 - 336 ( 1920 ) , : 337 - 376 ( 1921 ) , : 377 - 416 ( 1922 ) , : 417 - 424 ( 1924 ) , : 425 - 528 ( 1925 ) , : 529 - 616 ( 1927 ) , : 617 - 672 ( 1928 ) , : 673 - 768 ( 1929 ) , : 769 - 840 ( 1930 ) , : 841 - 904 ( 1931 ) , : 905 - 1016 ( 1932 ) , : 1017 - 1048 ( 1933 ) , : 1049 - 1088 ( 1934 ) , : 1089 - 1112 ( 1935 ) , : 1137 - 1256 ( 1936 ) , : 1113 - 1136 , 1257 - 1296 ( 1937 ) , : 1297 - 1304 ( 1938 ) , : 1305 - 1328 ( 1939 ) , : 1329 - 1452 ( 1940 )
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
robinson , g . s . 1986 . fungus moths : a review of the scardiinae ( lepidoptera : tineidae ) . bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) , entomology 52 ( 2 ) : 37 - 181 .
record : sta cruz co . , coll . j . f . lawrence ( bmnh )
hasbrouck , frank f . 1964 . moths of the family acrolophidae in american north of mexico . proceedings of the united states national museum ( vol 114 , pp . 487 - 706 ) number 3475 .
likely in se arizona ( tl = yuma , records in texas as well ) .
likely in se arizona ( tl =
hot springs , az
. records in texas as well ) .
bruce walsh . jbwalsh @ urltoken . comments , correction and additions most welcome . to get to my home page .
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gellonia dejectaria , commonly called the brown evening moth , is a moth of the family geometridae , it is native to new zealand .

g. dejectaria caterpillars eat the leaves of the māhoe , supplejack and bush lawyer plants .

gellonia dejectaria

kingdom : animalia phylum : arthropoda class : insecta order : lepidoptera family : geometridae subfamily : ennominae genus : gellonia species : g . dejectaria binomial name : gellonia dejectaria common name : brown evening moth
original filename : gellonia _ dejectaria _ _ brown _ evening _ moth _ 2661x1999 . jpg ( view )
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flies , caddisflies , craneflies , damselflies dragonflies , gnats , mayflies . midges , mosquitoes
insects ( ants , beetles , bugs , cicadas , cockroaches , centipedes , crickets , grasshoppers , lacewings , ladybirds , mantis , millipedes , scale , shield bugs , stick insects , wetas , weevils , etc . ) .
reptiles ( frogs , geckos , skinks , snakes , lizards , turtles ) .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names a to f with photo .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names g to l with photo .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names m to q with photo .
trees & shrubs ( new zealand native ) botanical names r to z with photo .
trees ( new zealand ) hebes and their hybrids & cultivars ( photos ) .
weeds & escapee plants : a to f ( common names with photo ) .
weeds & escapee plants : g to l ( common names with photo ) .
weeds & escapee plants : m to q ( common names and photo ) .
weeds & escapee plants : r to z ( common names with photo ) .
this is a moth with a 50 mm wingspan and is native to new zealand .
seen october to december . it rests with its wings widespread aligning the pattern on its wings .
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