desmopteridae is a family of pelagic sea snails or " sea butterflies " , marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily cymbulioidea .

this family has no subfamilies ( according to the taxonomy of the gastropoda by bouchet & rocroi , 2005 ) .

desmopterus chun , 1889 is the type genus of the family desmopteridae .

the species are protandric hermaphrodites .

there is no shell , no protoconch and no longer any supporting tissue .

the body consists almost completely of the two big parapodia ( winglike flaps ) .

desmopteridae

gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
chun , c . ( 1889 ) . bericht über eine nach den canarischen inseln im winter 1887 - 88 ausgeführte reise . ii . beobachtungen über die pelagische tiefen - und oberflächenfauna des östlichen atlantischen oceans . sitz . ber . akad . wiss . berlin , math . phys . kl . 519 - 553 . [ details ]
( of cymbulia cirroptera gegenbaur , 1855 ) gegenbaur c . 1855 . untersuchungen uber pteropoden un heteropoden . ein beitrag zur anatomie und entiwicklungsgeschichte dieser thiere . wilhelm engelmann , leipzig pp . 228 pl . 1 - 8 : page ( s ) : 53 - 54 ; pl . 3 fig . 21 [ details ]
rosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garcía , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579–699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
janssen a . w . ( 2012 ) late quaternary to recent holoplanktonic mollusca ( gastropoda ) from bottom samples of the eastern mediterranean sea : systematics , morphology . bollettino malacologico 48 ( suppl . 9 ) : 1 - 105 . [ details ]
van der spoel s . & dadon j . r . ( 1999 ) pteropoda . pp . 649 - 706 , in : d . boltovsloy ( ed . ) , south atlantic zooplankton . leiden : backhuys publishers . [ details ]
( of cymbulia cirroptera gegenbaur , 1855 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
lee cnw . ( 2002 ) . the ecology of planktonic copepods and hyperbenthic communities in the cape ' d aguilar marine reserve , hong kong . phd thesis . the university of hong kong . [ details ]
bouchet p . & rocroi j . - p . ( 2005 ) . classification and nomenclator of gastropod families . malacologia . 47 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 397 isbn 3 - 925919 - 72 - 4 . [ details ]
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turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .
common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the family .
, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the country .
, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the ecosystem .
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nudikey was developed with the intention of providing ready access to an interactive identification tool to the australian families of heterobranch sea slugs . the key takes existing taxonomic information and presents it in a format that can be used by anyone with an interest in identifying australian sea slugs . in many cases it should be possible to identify an animal to family level using external features alone , however the distinction between some physically similar families may require internal examination and such cases are beyond the scope of this key . photographs of living adult ( in most cases more than 10 mm crawl length ) animals that include overhead and profile views may contain enough physical features to secure an identification . in some cases observation of movement or behaviour will greatly aid identification . for example , among the nudibranchs , determining whether gills and rhinophores contract or retract is a useful diagnostic characteristic .
there are several families that consist , or mostly consist , of species that are , on casual observation , more like marine snails than sea slugs due to the presence of a shell that is proportionally large compared to the body . there are also families that contain species that are mainly infaunal ( found only in sediments ) or are wholly planktonic ( live in open water ) . many of these families are not included in the key ( a list of excluded taxa are listed below ) :
rhodopidae - small , infaunal and epiphytic animals - only one specimen found in victoria .
s . van der spoel , l . j . newman & k . w . estep
sorry , there are no images or audio / video clips available for this taxon .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
rennis , d . , hoese , d . f . & gomon , m . f . 1994 ,
family clinidae
, ed . gomon , m . f . , glover , c . j . m . & kuiter , r . h . ( eds ) , the fishes of australia ' s south coast , pp . 741 - 775 , figs 650 - 684b , state printer , adelaide
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 0aa225f3 - ef20 - 4b8a - 805f - fddfe8e4aa1f
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 8619da6b - 1de3 - 4e94 - 812f - 0d4668f19e97
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b751745b - 33e7 - 4e96 - a97b - ada9ff71413f
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 981ba619 - 94f2 - 4bba - 903f - 06f265c5659e
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 628975
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acrolophus heppneri is a moth of the acrolophidae family .

it was described by davis in 1990 .

it is found in north america , including alabama , florida , mississippi and texas .

the wingspan is about 17 mm .

acrolophus heppneri

hodges # 0355 . 1 - heppner ' s acrolophus - acrolophus heppneri - bugguide . net
hodges # 0355 . 1 - heppner ' s acrolophus moth - acrolophus heppneri - bugguide . net
home » guide » arthropods ( arthropoda ) » hexapods ( hexapoda ) » insects ( insecta ) » butterflies and moths ( lepidoptera ) » tubeworm , bagworm , and clothes moths ( tineoidea ) » clothes moths ( tineidae ) » burrowing webworm moths ( acrolophinae ) » tubeworm moths ( acrolophus ) » acrolophus heppneri - hodges # 0355 . 1 ( acrolophus heppneri )
acrolophus heppneri davis , 1990 , n . sp . , proc . entom . soc . wash . , v . 92 , no . 4 , p . 694 - 704 .
at outdoor light . this moth looks very much like carol wolf ' s acrolophus heppneri from florida posted in bg here . please confirm or let me know that i am wrong .
my moth makes a convincing threesome with carol wolf ' s specimen and jeff trahan ' s moth that , according to bob patterson ,
looks like
# 0355 . 1 acrolophus heppneri .
any gopher tortoises in the area ? acrolophus pholeter larvae feed on fecal pellets and plant debris found in the burrows . the adults can look like this . i think your id is probably correct . i ask out of curiosity .
three new species of acrolophus from the southeastern united states , with remarks on the status of the . . . . . d . r . davis . 1990 . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 92 ( 4 ) : 694 - 704 .
at outdoor light . provides june image for florida . this individual was surprisingly large : far exceeding 9mm forewing as listed on bg info for a female . maybe not heppneri even though it looks like one ? ( with a ruler next to the moth , i measured ~ 18mm , and using the width of the groove in the background of the dorsal view i come up with 16mm ) .
steve , thanks for pointing out the a . pholeter alternative . yes , on rare occasions i see a gopher turtle in my yard ( i think that ' s what they are ) but those a . heppneri types are not rare : i have several photos in my files . i noticed that from among those i posted in bugguide you picked the one with the faintest dark patch in the ( post ) median area : i wished there were images of pholeter to compare it with , but i did not find any . so , there we are !
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
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paraphrased from the original description - thorax : pronotum uniformly light to medium brown ; scales of tegula usually with pale gray to white apices . forewing uniformly medium to dark brown ( darker in male ) , with a pair of small , barely visible darker spots often present at base and apex of discal cell and usually more evident in lighter female ; under low maginification most scales with pale bases and darker apices .
lygodium microphyllum ( cav . ) r . br . ( small - leaf climbing fern ) schizaeaceae .
from the southeastern united states , with remarks on the status of the family acrolophidae ( lepidoptera : tineoidea ) .
arthropods of florida and neighboring land areas : lepidoptera of florida j . b . heppner . 2003 . florida department of agriculture 17 ( 1 ) : 1 - 670 .
contributed by maury j . heiman on 12 march , 2013 - 4 : 47pm additional contributions by a . hendrickson last updated 26 august , 2016 - 10 : 40am


clausilia is a european genus of small , air-breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family clausiliidae , the door snails , all of which have a clausilium .

snails in this genus have left-handed coiling in their shells , which are very elongate in shape .

clausilia

» species clausilia ( clausilia ) pumila c . pfeiffer , 1828 represented as clausilia pumila c . pfeiffer , 1828
subspecies clausilia ( clausilia ) rugosa lamalouensis a . letourneux , 1877 represented as clausilia rugosa lamalouensis a . letourneux , 1877
subspecies clausilia ( clausilia ) rugosa parvula a . férussac , 1807 represented as clausilia rugosa parvula a . férussac , 1807
» species clausilia ( clausilia ) ceresolensis h . nordsieck , 2013 † represented as clausilia ceresolensis h . nordsieck , 2013 †
subgenus clausilia ( andraea ) l . pfeiffer , 1848 represented as clausilia draparnaud , 1805
subgenus clausilia ( strobeliella ) h . nordsieck , 1977 represented as clausilia draparnaud , 1805
» species clausilia ( clausilia ) cruciata ( s . studer , 1820 ) represented as clausilia cruciata ( s . studer , 1820 )
subgenus clausilia ( neostyriaca ) a . j . wagner , 1920 represented as clausilia draparnaud , 1805
subgenus clausilia ( neostyriaca ) a . j . wagner , 1920 represented as clausilia draparnaud , 1805
zur anatomie und systematik der clausilien , iii . clausilia whateliana und ihre beziehungen zu den übrigen clausilia - arten , besonders zum subgenus neostyriaca
clausilia ( neostyriaca ) a . j . wagner , 1920 · accepted , alternate representation
clausilia ( neostyriaca ) a . j . wagner , 1920 · accepted , alternate representation
, junior homonym of clausilia similis var . grandis rossmässler , 1838 ; new combination )
anderson , r . , ( 2016 ) . clausilia ( clausilia ) bidentata ( ström 1765 ) . [ in ] molluscireland . urltoken accessed on 2018 - 07 - 09 .
subgenus clausilia ( cochlodina ) a . férussac , 1821 accepted as cochlodina a . férussac , 1821
subgenus clausilia ( delima ) w . hartmann , 1842 accepted as delima w . hartmann , 1842
subgenus clausilia ( megalophaedusa ) o . boettger , 1877 accepted as megalophaedusa o . boettger , 1877
» species clausilia ( laciniaria ) exilis h . adams , 1866 accepted as hemiphaedusa exilis ( h . adams , 1866 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of clausilia exilis l . pfeiffer , 1842 )
( of clausilia ( clausilia ) draparnaud , 1805 ) bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
subgenus clausilia ( laciniaria ) hartmann , 1842 accepted as laciniaria w . hartmann , 1842 ( original rank )
species clausilia albida l . pfeiffer , 1846 accepted as delima semirugata ( rossmässler , 1836 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia angustella l . pfeiffer , 1866 accepted as agathylla goldi ( walderdorff , 1864 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia callosa l . pfeiffer , 1842 accepted as agathylla exarata ( rossmässler , 1835 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia chersonensis l . pfeiffer , 1841 accepted as delima semirugata ( rossmässler , 1836 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia clathra l . pfeiffer , 1868 accepted as medora armata ( küster , 1844 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia comta l . pfeiffer , 1842 accepted as agathylla strigillata ( rossmässler , 1835 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia conformata l . pfeiffer , 1853 accepted as bulgarica vetusta ( rossmässler , 1836 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia cornea l . pfeiffer , 1842 accepted as charpentieria lamellata ( rossmässler , 1836 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia decorata l . pfeiffer , 1848 accepted as delima laevissima ( rossmässler , 1833 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia denegabilis l . pfeiffer , 1848 accepted as agathylla exarata ( rossmässler , 1835 ) ( junior synonym )
subgenus clausilia ( acrotoma ) o . boettger , 1881 accepted as acrotoma o . boettger , 1881 ( original rank )
subgenus clausilia ( eutriptychia ) o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as triptychia sandberger , 1875 † ( junior synonym )
subgenus clausilia ( micropontica ) o . boettger , 1881 accepted as micropontica o . boettger , 1881 ( original rank )
subgenus clausilia ( oospira ) w . t . blanford , 1872 accepted as oospira w . t . blanford , 1872
subgenus clausilia ( plioptychia ) o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as triptychia sandberger , 1875 † ( junior synonym )
subgenus clausilia ( stereophaedusa ) o . boettger , 1877 accepted as stereophaedusa o . boettger , 1877 ( original rank )
species clausilia adspirationis l . pfeiffer , 1868 accepted as medora lesinensis lesinensis ( küster , 1847 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia albolabris l . pfeiffer , 1848 accepted as delima bilabiata crassilabris ( rossmässler , 1836 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia bulla l . pfeiffer , 1848 accepted as delima laevissima pachygastris ( rossmässler , 1835 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia capocestiana l . pfeiffer , 1866 accepted as delima amoena substricta ( charpentier , 1852 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia corrugata l . pfeiffer , 1842 accepted as medora dalmatina dalmatina ( rossmässler , 1835 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia costicollis l . pfeiffer , 1848 accepted as medora contracta contracta ( rossmässler , 1842 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia croatica l . pfeiffer , 1866 accepted as delima binotata satura ( rossmässler , 1836 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia deplana l . pfeiffer , 1841 accepted as delima semirugata vibex ( rossmässler , 1839 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia albocincta l . pfeiffer , 1841 accepted as delima albocincta ( l . pfeiffer , 1841 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia amoena l . pfeiffer , 1848 accepted as delima amoena ( l . pfeiffer , 1848 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia arcadica l . pfeiffer , 1868 accepted as albinaria arcadica ( l . pfeiffer , 1868 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia bielzii l . pfeiffer , 1849 accepted as alopia bielzii ( l . pfeiffer , 1849 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia brevicollis l . pfeiffer , 1850 accepted as albinaria brevicollis ( l . pfeiffer , 1850 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia bulgariensis l . pfeiffer , 1848 accepted as bulgarica bulgariensis ( l . pfeiffer , 1848 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia candida l . pfeiffer , 1850 accepted as albinaria candida ( l . pfeiffer , 1850 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia circumdata l . pfeiffer , 1848 accepted as euxina circumdata ( l . pfeiffer , 1848 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia comensis l . pfeiffer , 1850 accepted as cochlodina comensis ( l . pfeiffer , 1850 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia compressa l . pfeiffer , 1850 accepted as albinaria compressa ( l . pfeiffer , 1850 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia confinata l . pfeiffer , 1859 accepted as charpentieria scarificata ( l . pfeiffer , 1856 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia corpulenta l . pfeiffer , 1868 accepted as dilataria marcki ( l . pfeiffer , 1868 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia corticina l . pfeiffer , 1842 accepted as phaedusa corticina ( l . pfeiffer , 1842 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia crassicostata l . pfeiffer , 1856 accepted as charpentieria crassicostata ( l . pfeiffer , 1856 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia cumingiana l . pfeiffer , 1845 accepted as phaedusa cumingiana ( l . pfeiffer , 1845 ) ( original combination )
subgenus clausilia ( laminifera ) o . boettger , 1863 accepted as laminifera o . boettger , 1863 ( considered a separate genus )
» species clausilia ( medora ) agnata l . pfeiffer , 1842 accepted as medora agnata agnata ( l . pfeiffer , 1842 )
subgenus clausilia ( pseudidyla ) o . boettger , 1877 accepted as pseudidyla o . boettger , 1877 ( considered a separate genus )
species clausilia agnata l . pfeiffer , 1842 accepted as medora agnata agnata ( l . pfeiffer , 1842 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia altecostata l . pfeiffer , 1866 accepted as albinaria caerulea altecostata ( l . pfeiffer , 1866 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia anguina l . pfeiffer , 1866 accepted as charpentieria stigmatica sturmii ( l . pfeiffer , 1848 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia aquila l . pfeiffer , 1846 accepted as medora dalmatina aquila ( l . pfeiffer , 1846 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia bosniensis l . pfeiffer , 1868 accepted as herilla bosniensis bosniensis ( l . pfeiffer , 1868 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia charpentieri l . pfeiffer , 1850 accepted as isabellaria saxicola charpentieri ( l . pfeiffer , 1849 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia conspersa l . pfeiffer , 1848 accepted as strigilodelima conspersa conspersa ( l . pfeiffer , 1848 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia dacica l . pfeiffer , 1848 accepted as herilla ziegleri dacica ( l . pfeiffer , 1848 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia dazueri l . pfeiffer , 1868 accepted as dilataria succineata dazueri ( l . pfeiffer , 1868 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia diminuta l . pfeiffer , 1846 accepted as agathylla sulcosa diminuta ( l . pfeiffer , 1846 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia discolor l . pfeiffer , 1846 accepted as albinaria discolor discolor ( l . pfeiffer , 1846 ) ( original combination )
species clausilia distans l . pfeiffer , 1865 accepted as albinaria teres distans ( l . pfeiffer , 1865 ) ( original combination )
worms - world register of marine species - clausilia ( canalicia ) o . boettger , 1863 & nbsp ; & # 8224 ;
clausilia sieversi l . pfeiffer , 1871 accepted as serrulina sieversi ( l . pfeiffer , 1871 ) ( type by subsequent designation )
subgenus clausilia ( nesiophaedusa ) pilsbry , 1905 accepted as stereophaedusa ( luchuphaedusa ) pilsbry , 1901 represented as stereophaedusa o . boettger , 1877
species clausilia bulimoides a . braun , 1843 † accepted as eualopia bulimoides ( a . braun , 1843 ) † ( new combination )
species clausilia cataphracta l . pfeiffer , 1848 accepted as agathylla sulcosa ( j . a . wagner , 1829 ) ( junior synonym )
species clausilia clava f . sandberger , 1875 † accepted as triptychia clava ( f . sandberger , 1875 ) † ( new combination )
species clausilia crenata f . sandberger , 1871 † accepted as palaeostoa crenata ( f . sandberger , 1871 ) † ( new combination )
( of clausilia ( clausilia ) rugosa rugosa ( draparnaud , 1801 ) ) bank , r . a . ; neubert , e . ( 2017 ) . checklist of the land and freshwater gastropoda of europe . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
subgenus clausilia ( agathylla ) h . adams & a . adams , 1855 accepted as agathylla h . adams & a . adams , 1855
subgenus clausilia ( canalicia ) o . boettger , 1863 † accepted as canalicia o . boettger , 1863 † ( considered a separate genus )
» species clausilia ( cochlodina ) naevosa l . pfeiffer , 1841 accepted as albinaria schuchii liebetruti ( charpentier , 1852 ) ( junior synonym )
subgenus clausilia ( constricta ) o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as constricta o . boettger , 1877 † ( considered a separate genus )
subgenus clausilia ( disjunctaria ) o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as disjunctaria o . boettger , 1877 † ( considered a separate genus )
subgenus clausilia ( eualopia ) o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as eualopia o . boettger , 1877 † ( considered a separate genus )
subgenus clausilia ( herilla ) h . adams & a . adams , 1855 accepted as herilla h . adams & a . adams , 1855
subgenus clausilia ( idyla ) h . adams & a . adams , 1855 accepted as idyla h . adams & a . adams , 1855
subgenus clausilia ( medora ) h . adams & a . adams , 1855 accepted as medora h . adams & a . adams , 1855
subgenus clausilia ( phaedusa ) h . adams & a . adams , 1855 accepted as phaedusa h . adams & a . adams , 1855
» species clausilia ( cochlodina ) lerosiensis l . pfeiffer , 1841 accepted as albinaria lerosiensis ( l . pfeiffer , 1841 ) ( original combination )
» species clausilia ( phaedusa ) formosensis h . adams , 1866 accepted as oospira formosensis ( h . adams , 1866 ) ( original combination )
what made you want to look up clausilia ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
species clausilia ( canalicia ) attracta o . boettger , 1870 † accepted as canalicia attracta ( o . boettger , 1870 ) † ( new combination )
species clausilia ( serrulina ) schwageri o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as serrulella schwageri ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( new combination )
» species clausilia ( canalicia ) attracta o . boettger , 1870 † accepted as canalicia attracta ( o . boettger , 1870 ) † ( new combination )
» species clausilia ( disjunctaria ) oligogyra o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as disjunctaria oligogyra ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( new combination )
subgenus clausilia ( emarginaria ) o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as emarginaria o . boettger , 1877 † ( emarginaria is considered as a separate genus )
» species clausilia ( laminifera ) flexidens o . boettger , 1875 † accepted as laminifera flexidens ( o . boettger , 1875 ) † ( new combination )
» species clausilia ( laminifera ) rhombostoma o . boettger , 1863 † accepted as laminifera rhombostoma ( o . boettger , 1863 ) † ( new combination )
subgenus clausilia ( luchuphaedusa ) pilsbry , 1901 accepted as stereophaedusa ( luchuphaedusa ) pilsbry , 1901 represented as stereophaedusa o . boettger , 1877 ( original rank )
subgenus clausilia ( oophaedusa ) pilsbry , 1905 accepted as stereophaedusa ( oophaedusa ) pilsbry , 1905 represented as stereophaedusa o . boettger , 1877 ( original rank )
subgenus clausilia ( pirostoma ) moellendorff , 1873 accepted as macrogastra ( pyrostoma ) vest , 1867 represented as macrogastra w . hartmann , 1841 ( unjustified emendation )
» species clausilia ( pseudidyla ) moersingensis o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as pseudidyla moersingensis ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( new combination )
» species clausilia ( serrulina ) schwageri o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as serrulella schwageri ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( new combination )
the edited alignment of the partial 16s rdna sequences of 44 clausilia ( strobeliella ) individuals , c . ( clausilia ) cruciata , c . ( clausilia ) dubia , c . ( neostyriaca ) corynodes , c . ( lombardiella ) strobeli as well as macrogastra tumida and ruthenica filograna as outgroups included 872 positions . the maximum likelihood and bayesian inference analyses of this alignment ( fig . 1 a ) showed that c . ( strobeliella ) , c . ( neostyriaca ) corynodes and c . ( lombardiella ) strobeli form a well - supported clade ( bootstrap value bs = 90 % , pp = 1 . 0 ) , which is the sister group of c . ( clausilia ) . clausilia ( neostyriaca ) corynodes is probably more closely related to c . ( strobeliella ) than to c . ( lombardiella ) strobeli , although these relationships are not well supported .
subgenus clausilia ( pseudalinda ) o . boettger , 1877 accepted as alinda ( pseudalinda ) o . boettger , 1877 represented as alinda h . adams & a . adams , 1855
» species clausilia ( pseudidyla ) polyptyx o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as pseudidyla polyptyx ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( pseudidyla is considered a separate genus )
» species clausilia ( pseudidyla ) undatistria o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as pseudidyla undatistria ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( pseudidyla is considered a separate genus )
» species clausilia ( triptychia ) hassiaca o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as triptychia hassiaca ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( triptychia is considered a separate genus )
» species clausilia ( triptychia ) molassica o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as triptychia molassica ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( triptychia is considered a separate genus )
» species clausilia ( triptychia ) recticosta o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as triptychia recticosta ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( triptychia is considered a separate genus )
clausilia umbrosa gardonensis n . ssp . : a new taxon of the subgenus c . ( strobeliella ) h . nordsieck 1977 from eastern lombardy ( gastropoda : pulmonata : clausiliidae )
» species clausilia ( constricta ) kochi o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as constricta kochi ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( constricta is considered as a separate genus )
» species clausilia ( emarginaria ) schaefferiana o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as emarginaria schaefferiana ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( emarginaria is considered as a separate genus )
( of clausilia ( andraea ) l . pfeiffer , 1848 ) bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
( of clausilia ( strobeliella ) h . nordsieck , 1977 ) bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
» species clausilia ( agathylla ) sulcosa j . a . wagner , 1829 accepted as agathylla ( agathylla ) sulcosa ( j . a . wagner , 1829 ) represented as agathylla sulcosa ( j . a . wagner , 1829 )
( of clausilia ( neostyriaca ) a . j . wagner , 1920 ) bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
species clausilia ( serrulina ) ptycholarynx o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as serrulastra ( serruplica ) ptycholarynx ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † represented as serrulastra ptycholarynx ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( new combination )
» species clausilia ( dilataria ) perforata o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as cochlodina ( miophaedusa ) perforata ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † represented as cochlodina perforata ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( new combination )
» species clausilia ( serrulina ) ptycholarynx o . boettger , 1877 † accepted as serrulastra ( serruplica ) ptycholarynx ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † represented as serrulastra ptycholarynx ( o . boettger , 1877 ) † ( new combination )
» species clausilia ( delima ) crenulata rossmässler , 1836 accepted as delima ( delima ) amoena amoena ( l . pfeiffer , 1848 ) represented as delima ( delima ) amoena ( l . pfeiffer , 1848 ) represented as delima amoena ( l . pfeiffer , 1848 ) ( homonym )
» species clausilia ( delima ) decipiens rossmässler , 1835 accepted as delima ( delima ) latilabris latilabris ( j . a . wagner , 1829 ) represented as delima ( delima ) latilabris ( j . a . wagner , 1829 ) represented as delima latilabris ( j . a . wagner , 1829 )
( of clausilia ( andraea ) l . pfeiffer , 1848 ) pfeiffer , l . ( 1848 ) . monographia heliceorum viventium . sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum . lipsiae ( brockhaus ) . 2 : 1–594 . page ( s ) : 476 [ details ]
ty - jour ti - note on the clausilium of a chinese species of clausilia t2 - proceedings of the malacological society of london . vl - 8 ur - urltoken pb - dulau . cy - london , py - 1908 - 06 - 01 sp - 119 ep - 119 sn - 0025 - 1194 au - pilsbry , h a er -
» species clausilia ( pseudalinda ) wagneri a . j . wagner in wohlberedt , 1911 accepted as alinda ( alinda ) wagneri wagneri ( a . j . wagner , 1911 ) represented as alinda ( alinda ) wagneri ( a . j . wagner , 1911 ) represented as alinda wagneri ( a . j . wagner , 1911 ) ( original combination )
shell like cl . bidentata , more widely ribbed , diameter of third whorl small like second whorl ( in the other clausilia species except c . cruciata the upper whorls increase continuously ) , columellaris with step - like double fold ( in c . bidentata triangular or indistinct ) , palatal callus weak or absent ( unlike c . cruciata ) , basal cervical keel relatively prominent . terminal lobe of clausilium present .
we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the c . ( strobeliella ) taxa based on mitochondrial dna sequences as well as aflp markers in the course of a biogeographical analysis of several land snail groups in the southern alps ( nägele & hausdorf , 2015 ; in which the classification elaborated here has already been applied ) . in this contribution we discuss the systematic implications of these phylogenies and elaborate the delimitation of the clausilia ( strobeliella ) taxa .
concerning the relationships of the c . whateliana group , nordsieck ( 1966 ) proposed a ‘scheme’ depicting the c . whateliana group as the sister group of neostyriaca a . j . wagner , 1920 , which he classified as a subgenus of clausilia draparnaud , 1805 . however , in the text nordsieck ( 1966 ) emphasized that c . ( neostyriaca ) corynodes held , 1836 is more closely related to the c . whateliana group than c . ( neostyriaca ) strobeli strobel , 1850 . despite these considerations , nordsieck ( 1975 ) proposed to classify neostyriaca as well as all other clausiliid groups with a graciliaria - type clausilial apparatus ( see nordsieck , 2007 ) as separate genera , established a new subgenus of clausilia , strobeliella nordsieck , 1977 , for the c . whateliana group ( nordsieck , 1977 ) and a new subgenus of neostyriaca , lombardiella nordsieck , 2013 , for c . strobeli ( nordsieck , 2013b ) .
all c . ( strobeliella ) taxa also form distinct clusters in the neighbor - net network ( fig . 2 ) . the network indicates that c . brembina alanica is intermediate between c . b . brembina and c . b . klemmi on the one side and c . b . umbrosa and c . b . gardonensis on the other . clausilia w . whateliana and c . w . exoptata are less distinctly separated than the subspecies of c . brembina .
@ article { bhlpart202980 , title = { note on the clausilium of a chinese species of clausilia } , journal = { proceedings of the malacological society of london . } , volume = { 8 } , copyright = { public domain . the bhl considers that this work is no longer under copyright protection . } , url = urltoken publisher = { london , dulau . } , author = { pilsbry , h a } , year = { 1908 - 06 - 01 } , pages = { 119 - - 119 } , }
this species is sometimes called clausilia parvula . many subspecies recognized by some authors . this species has long been confounded and lumped with cl . bidentata ( also because the types had not been consulted ) . references : gassies 1849 : 129 , moquin - tandon 1855 : 332 ( cl . perversa , lumped true rugosa with bidentata ) , germain 1930 : 353 ( lumped rugosa and bidentata ) , nobre 1941 : 156 ( portugal except south ) , kerney & cameron 1979 : 165 , gittenberger 1982 , kerney et al . 1983 : 227 ( under cl . parvula ) , falkner 1990 : 162 , nordsieck 1990 ( history of misidentifications ) , turner et al . 1998 : 220 , nordsieck 2002 , welter - schultes 2012 : 298 ( range map ) .
the clausilia whateliana group is a complex of limestone - dwelling door - snail taxa ( nordsieck , 1966 , 2013a ; nardi & nordsieck , 2013 ) , which are restricted to the region between lago di como and lago di garda in the southern alps in italy where they survived the pleistocene glacials in mountain refugia ( nägele & hausdorf , 2015 ) . nordsieck ( 1966 ) classified these taxa into one species with five subspecies . later , the complex was split into four separate species , c . brembina strobel , 1850 ( with three subspecies ) , c . umbrosa ( käufel , 1928 ) ( with two subspecies ) , c . whateliana charpentier , 1850 and c . exoptata schmidt , 1856 , because of sympatric occurrences of c . whateliana with c . exoptata with few intermediates , and of each of these with c . brembina without intermediates ( nordsieck , 2007 , 2013a ; nardi & nordsieck , 2013 ) .
the results of the analyses based on the aflp data ( figs 1 b , 2 , 3 ) and the mitochondrial gene tree ( fig . 1 a ) confirm the hypotheses of nordsieck ( 1966 ) concerning the relationships of the c . ( strobeliella ) taxa at large . clausilia b . brembina and c . b . klemmi as well as c . w . whateliana and c . w . exoptata are closely related . the admixture analyses based on the aflp data ( fig . 3 ) also confirm nordsieck ' s supposition that c . b . umbrosa is somehow intermediate between c . brembina and c . whateliana . however , the tree and the network based on the aflp data ( figs 1 b , 2 ) , as well as the tree based on the 16s rdna sequences ( fig . 1 a ) , show that c . b . umbrosa is more closely related to c . brembina than to c . whateliana .
clausilia ( strobeliella ) is subdivided into two well - supported clades ( bs = 100 % , pp = 1 . 0 ) : c . brembina and c . whateliana . within c . brembina , c . b . brembina and c . b . klemmi form a clade . most haplotypes of c . b . klemmi form the sister group of a clade including all haplotypes of c . b . brembina , but also one c . b . klemmi haplotype . the sister group of the c . b . brembina + c . b . klemmi clade includes c . b . alanica , c . b . gardonensis and c . b . umbrosa . all three are reciprocally monophyletic . the two latter subspecies , which have previously been classified as a separate species , c . umbrosa ( nordsieck , 2007 , 2013a ; nardi & nordsieck , 2013 ) , form sister groups , albeit with low support ( bs = 62 % , pp = 0 . 76 ) . in the c . whateliana complex , the individuals of c . w . whateliana and c . w . exoptata , which have previously been classified as separate species ( nordsieck , 2007 , 2013a ; nardi & nordsieck , 2013 ) , are not separated according to their morphological classification .
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bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
( of neostyria a . j . wagner , 1920 ) bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
( of rupicola w . hartmann , 1841 ) bank , r . ( 2017 ) . classification of the recent terrestrial gastropoda of the world . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
bank , r . a . ; neubert , e . ( 2017 ) . checklist of the land and freshwater gastropoda of europe . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
boettger , o . ( 1863 ) . clausilien aus dem tertiären landschnecken - kalk von hochheim . palaeontographica . 10 ( 6 ) : 309 - 318 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 310 [ details ]
harzhauser , m . ; neubauer , t . a . ; georgopoulou , e . ; harl , j . ( 2014 ) . the early miocene ( burdigalian ) mollusc fauna of the north bohemian lake ( most basin ) . bulletin of geosciences . 89 ( 4 ) , 819 - 908 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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draparnaud , j . p . r . 1801 . tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la france . - pp . [ 1 - 2 ] , 1 - 116 . montpellier , paris . ( renaud ; bossange , masson & besson ) .
usually smaller than cl . bidentata , shell with ribs or growth lines or smooth , brown , first whorls increase more or less continuously , columellaris usually without double fold , clausilium with or without edge at margin ( terminal lobe present or not ) . shell variable , many local forms with differences in ribs and clausilium plate structure .
relatively humid habitats between rocks and rock rubble , at old walls , preferably in forests . calciphile , in switzerland up to 2400 m . 15 - 20 eggs ( diameter 1 . 5 mm ) are laid between august and october under stones or in crevices of rocks and old walls , juveniles hatch after 2 weeks .
draparnaud , j . - p . - r . [ 1805 ] . histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la france . ouvrage posthume . avec xiii planches . - pp . [ 1 - 9 ] , j - viij [ = 1 - 8 ] , 1 - 134 , [ pl . 1 - 13 ] . paris , montpellier . ( plassan , renaud ) .
usually larger than cl . bidentata , usually densely ribbed , some populations more widely ribbed , no folds between parietalis and columellaris , columellaris with double fold or not , frontal upper palatalis present in a callus - like form , basal groove in the aperture present , subcolumellaris not s - like near the aperture and running along the basal groove . many locally different forms . basal cervical keel more prominent than in macrogastra . julica has a smoother shell .
characteristically on humid shady rocks , at trees and old walls , usually in exposed highland regions , more rarely in forests , calciphile . in switzerland up to 2400 m , in n england mostly between 250 and 600 m . hides in crevices and ground litter , climbs up vertical surfaces in moist weather . feeds on epiphytic lichens and algae .
in se poland not very abundant . can be rare in lower altitudes in switzerland . in n england threatened by air pollution and destruction of habitats , some populations have been lost since the 1800s . vulnerable in germany .
references : falkner 1990 : 162 , kerney et al . 1983 : 228 , jungbluth et al . 1989 : 180 , manganelli et al . 1995 : 26 , edlinger 1997 ( morphological variation ) , turner et al . 1998 : 219 , kerney 1999 : 172 , nordsieck 2002 , sulikowska - drozd 2005 : 73 , jungbluth & knorre 2009 : 12 , welter - schultes 2012 : 297 ( range map ) .
pfeiffer , c . 1828 . naturgeschichte deutscher land - und süsswasser - mollusken . dritte abtheilung . - pp . i - vi [ = 1 - 6 ] , 1 - 84 , taf . i - viii [ = 1 - 8 ] . weimar . ( landes - industrie - comptoir ) .
humid forests , usually in soil litter or under trees that fell down . not significantly ascending at trees . in bulgaria in up to 1900 m .
references : kerney & cameron 1979 : 168 , kerney et al . 1983 : 230 , jungbluth et al . 1989 : 182 , falkner 1990 : 162 , manganelli et al . 1995 : 26 , nordsieck 2002 , sulikowska - drozd 2005 : 75 , hubenov 2007 , jungbluth & knorre 2009 : 10 , welter - schultes 2012 : 297 ( range map ) .
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we used the mitochondrial dna sequences and aflp data as well as the phylogenetic trees based on these data published by nägele & hausdorf ( 2015 ) . in addition , p - distances based on the edited alignment of the 16s rdna sequences were calculated with mega v . 5 . 2 . 2 ( tamura et al . , 2011 ) .
a neighbor - net network ( bryant & moulton , 2004 ) was constructed based on jaccard distances between the c . ( strobeliella ) taxa calculated with the aflp data using splitstree4 v . 4 . 13 . 1 ( huson & bryant , 2006 ) .
as outgroups . bootstrap values and posterior probabilities calculated in the bayesian inference analysis are indicated on the branches .
within c . brembina , p - distances reached 14 . 7 % between and 11 . 4 % within subspecies . within c . whateliana , p - distances reached 7 . 6 % between and 7 . 1 % within subspecies . the highest p - distance between these species was 22 . 0 % .
b ) are in accordance with the topology of the tree based on the mitochondrial sequences ( fig .
population from valzurió on the western side of the presolana massif , but the support for this relationship is weak ( pp = 0 . 72 ) . if only 1 , 018 aflp fragments of 100–400 bp length are used for the phylogenetic analysis , the maximum clade credibility tree (
from the val brembana region ( populations 3–4 ) are paraphyletic with respect to those from the valsássina ( populations 1–2 ) , which form a strongly supported clade ( pp = 1 . 00 ) .
) aflp dataset , the estimation of the appropriate number of clusters proved to be difficult , because of a gradually varying degree of differentiation between the taxa . the mean estimates of the posterior probabilities of the aflp data of the
) showed a maximum for two clusters , but structurama calculated the pp that the sampled individuals can be partitioned into five clusters as 1 . 0 . therefore , we show the results of the admixture analyses from
individuals from the val vértova show strong admixture ( 20 . 3 % ) with
individuals from the val taléggio and the val vértova show strong admixture ( 19 . 2 % ) with this cluster . with
populations from the side valleys of the val brembana ( 20 . 6 % from
the tree ( fig . 1 b ) and the network ( fig . 2 ) based on the aflp data confirm that all morphologically delimited c . ( strobeliella ) taxa ( nordsieck , 1966 , 2007 , 2013a ; nardi & nordsieck , 2013 ) form genetic entities . as often found in closely related land snails ( elejalde et al . , 2008 ; sauer & hausdorf , 2010 ; kokshoorn & gittenberger , 2012 ; scheel & hausdorf , 2012 ) , some of these taxa are not monophyletic in the mitochondrial gene tree ( fig . 1 a ) . this is especially true for c . w . whateliana and c . w . exoptata . this lack of reciprocal monophyly can be attributed to incomplete lineage - sorting and gene flow between these taxa for which there is also morphological evidence in the case of c . w . whateliana and c . w . exoptata ( nordsieck , 1966 , 2013a ) .
nordsieck ( 1966 ) classified all c . ( strobeliella ) taxa as subspecies of a single species . in contrast , nordsieck ( 2007 , 2013a ) divided c . ( strobeliella ) into four species , because ( 1 ) there are syntopical occurrences of c . brembina with c . w . whateliana as well as with c . w . exoptata without intermediates , ( 2 ) there are only few intermediates in a population composed of c . w . whateliana and c . w . exoptata and ( 3 ) the range of c . b . umbrosa is well separated . the admixture analysis confirms that there is hardly any admixture between c . brembina and c . whateliana ( fig . 3 ) . nordsieck ( 1966 ) thought that the population of c . whateliana from the val taléggio forms a transition to c . brembina . however , no admixture between this population and c . brembina was found . both taxa are reciprocally monophyletic in the tree based on the 16s rdna sequences ( fig . 1 a ) . thus , the genetic data corroborate the species status of the partly sympatric c . brembina and c . whateliana .
we are grateful to hartmut nordsieck and gianbattista nardi for samples , to hartmut nordsieck also for a critical reading of an earlier version of this paper , to elke bustorf and arne nolte for running the aflp gels and to marco neiber and bettina scheel for help in the lab .
zur anatomie und systematik der clausilien , xvi . zur kenntnis der mentissoideinae und kaukasischen baleinae
molecular evidence for repetitive parallel evolution of shell structure in clausiliidae ( gastropoda . pulmonata )
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a dark brown , rather slender fusiform shell with dense surface sculpturation and only a weakly glossy to dull surface . aperture pear - shaped , with strong parietal and weak columellar lamellae . colour typically dark brown to reddish - brown but often bleached grey with algal stains . finely and regularly ribbed with delicate , cross - cutting , spiral striation . generally abundant but mainly in woodland .
very variable in size with populations of miniature forms , little over half the height of normal shells , occurring here and there e . g . basalt rocks and dunes on the north coasts of cos antrim and londonderry
ranging from france and the british isles through switzerland and the low countries to denmark , germany and southern scandinavia . distribution type : suboceanic temperate ( 72 ) .
michaud , g . ( 1862 ) . description des coquilles fossiles des environs de hauterive ( drôme ) . journal de conchyliologie . 10 , 58 - 84 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 74 , pl . 3 , fig . 18 [ details ]
truc , g . ( 1972 ) . clausiliidae ( gastropoda , euthyneura ) du néogène du bassin rhodanien ( france ) . geobios . 5 ( 3 ) : 247 - 275 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 254 - 256 , pl . 18 , figs 9 - 13 , pl . 19 , fig . 6 , textfigs 1 - 2 [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
babor , j . f . ( 1897 ) . beiträge zur kenntnis der tertiären binnenconchylienfauna böhmens . i . sitzungsberichte der königl . böhmischen gesellschaft für wissenschaften , mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche klasse . 63 , 1 - 18 . page ( s ) : 10 [ details ]
cossmann , m . ( 1898 ) . paléoconchologie . revue critique de paléozoologie . 2 ( 2 ) : 42 - 63 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 57 [ details ]
traub , f . ( 1938 ) . geologische und palaeontologische bearbeitung der kreide und des tertiärs im östlichen rupertiwinkel , nördlich von salzburg . palaeontographica abt . a . 88 ( 1 - 3 ) : 1 - 114 . [ details ]
nordsieck , h . ( 1985 ) . zwei neue gattungen alttertiärer clausilien ( gastropoda : stylommatophora ) . heldia . 1 ( 3 ) : 83 - 87 . [ details ]
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public domain . the bhl considers that this work is no longer under copyright protection .