tyrrhenaria ceratina is a species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family helicidae , the typical snails .

this species is endemic to corsica .

tyrrhenaria ceratina

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m . charrier * , a . nicolai * . ( in review ) plan national d’actions de tyrrhenaria ceratina , escargot terrestre endémique de corse . national recovery plan , ed . ministry of ecology , of energy , of sustainable development and of the ocean
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
critically endangered b1ab ( i , ii , iii ) + 2ab ( i , ii , iii ) ver 3 . 1
falkner , m . , falkner , g . , von proschwitz , t . & charrier , m .
worldwide . it is today restricted to a very narrow distribution area which is highly fragmented , suggesting a genetic impoverishment and unforeseeable events . moreover , 40 % of the population is located on a 0 . 0051 km² area surrounded by the airport and the beach . these facts justify the maintenance of the species in the category critically endangered ( cr b1ab ( i , ii , iii ) + 2ab ( i , ii , iii ) ) .
the corsican snail is only found near ajaccio , in a biotope restricted to a small geographic area named
campo dell ' oro
( which really occupies only 0 . 02 km² ) , located near the airport , delimited at the east side by the joint delta of the two rivers gravona and prunelli and at the west side by a marina .
thanks to human assistance and biotope management ( natura 2000 site ) providing protected areas appropriate for snail colonization , the population is considered to be stable . the population size is estimated to be between 7 , 500 and 10 , 000 individuals among which 3 , 800–5 , 200 are mature individuals ( estimated information from samplings made in 2009–2010 , m . charrier , pers . comm . , 2011 )
the main threats to this species are urbanisation and land use around the town of ajaccio , leading to habitat fragmentation and habitat loss , as well as leisure activities on the sand beach .
falkner , m . , falkner , g . , von proschwitz , t . & charrier , m . 2011 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
shuttleworth , r . j . 1843 . über die land - und süsswasser - mollusken von corsica . - mittheilungen der naturforschenden gesellschaft in bern 1843 ( 2 / 3 ) : 9 - 21 .
shell looks like helix , yellowish brown with 4 - 5 reddish brown bands , irregularly striated and weakly reticulated , 3 . 5 - 4 convex whorls , last whorl slightly descending , aperture inside shiny and with distinct bands , margin straight and sharp , parietal side sometimes with a weak whitish layer , usually no umbilicus .
sandy and periodically flooded habitats in the coastal plain , in a broken masaic terrain of isolated shrubs of genista salzman - nii , avoids too densely vegetated areas and open areas devoid of genista spots . the snails bury inside the soft and sandy soil ( up to 60 cm deep ) in periods of heat and appear usually only at night and during rainfall , unable to survive in compact soils . reproduction from end of august to mid - october , up to 20 eggs are laid inside a cavity in the sand , covered by mucus , juveniles hatch after 15 - 16 days and 2 - 3 weeks later appear at the surface . maturity is reached after 2 - 4 years , life span 6 - 10 years .
references : moquin - tandon 1855 : 184 , westerlund 1889 : 449 ( h . tristis ) , germain 1930 : 188 , falkner et al . 2001 : 65 , charrier et al . 2005 , gargominy et al . 1999 in urltoken ( 02 . 2011 ) , urltoken ( 2010 ) , welter - schultes 2012 : 628 ( range map ) .
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a . nicolai , p . vernon , r . lenz , j . le lannic , v . briand , m . charrier . ( in press ) well wrapped eggs : effects of egg shell structure on heat resistance and hatchling mass in the invasive land snail cornu aspersum . journal of experimental zoology a , n° : jez - a - 2012 - 03 - 0030
a . nicolai , j . filser , r . lenz , v . briand , m . charrier . ( 2012 ) the composition of body storage compounds influences egg quality and the reproductive investment in the land snail cornu aspersum . canadian journal of zoology 90 ( 9 ) : 1161 - 1170
a . nicolai , j . filser , r . lenz , c . bertrand , m . charrier . ( 2012 ) quantitative assessment of haemolymph metabolites in respect to the physiological state in two populations of the land snail helix pomatia . physiological and biochemical zoology 83 ( 3 ) : 274 - 284
a . nicolai , j . filser , r . lenz , c . bertrand , m . charrier . ( 2011 ) adjustment of metabolite composition in the haemolymph to seasonal variations in the land snail helix pomatia . journal of comparative physiology b 181 : 457 - 466
a . nicolai , j . filser , v . briand , m . charrier . ( 2010 ) seasonally contrasting life history strategies in the land snail cornu aspersum : physiological and ecological implications . canadian journal of zoology 88 : 995 - 1002
a . ansart , a . nicolai , p . vernon and l . madec . ( 2010 ) do ice nucleating agents limit the supercooling ability of the land snail cornu aspersum ? cryoletters 31 ( 4 ) : 329 - 340
a . nicolai , p . vernon , m . lee , a . ansart and m . charrier . ( 2005 ) supercooling ability in two populations of the land snail helix pomatia ( gastropoda : helicidae ) and ice - nucleating activity of gut bacteria . cryobiology 50 : 48 - 57
a . nicolai . ( 2010 ) the impact of diet treatment on reproduction and thermo - physiological processes in the land snails cornu aspersum and helix pomatia . joint - supervision phd thesis university rennes 1 , france / university bremen , germany , urltoken
a . nicolai , r . lenz . roman . ( 2007 ) weinbergschneckenzucht auf der schwäbischen alb – ein beitrag zur regionalentwicklung . horizonte 30 : 3 - 4
a . nicolai , r . lenz . ( 2006 ) die “albschneck®” - zucht auf der schwäbischen alb . ©interessengemeinschaft albschneck , snail farming instruction manual , ed . region aktiv , baden - württemberg , germany
l . williams * , a . nicolai * . ( 2005 ) monitoring of rare species 2005 and study of tourism impact in the nalychevo nature reserve . research report , wwf russia ( * contributed equally )
a . nicolai , j . filser , r . lenz , c . bertrand , m . charrier . ( 2011 ) adjustment of metabolite composition in the haemolymph to seasonal variations in the land snail helix pomatia . 4th international symposium on the environmental physiology of ectotherms & plants at rennes , france ; society for experimental biology annual main meeting at glasgow , united kingdom
a . nicolai . cold and heat resistance in cornu aspersum . ( 2009 ) national congress of snail farming at ile de ré , france
a . nicolai . ( 2006 , 2008 , 2009 ) the impact of diet treatment on reproduction and thermo - physiological processes in the land snails cornu aspersum and helix pomatia . scholarship seminar series , federal foundation for environment of germany
r . lenz , a . nicolai . the roman snail as a member of the ark of taste of slow food . ( 2006 , 2008 ) terra madre , international congress at turin , italy
r . lenz , a . nicolai . ( 2007 ) albschneck® - roman snail farming in the svabian alps . regional agriculture exposition , münsingen , slow food exposition , stuttgart , germany
r . lenz , a . nicolai . ( 2006 , 2007 ) ecology of the roman snail and its farming in the svabian alps . ark of taste market , slow food , beurren , germany
a . nicolai . ( 2006 ) the impact of diet treatment on reproduction in the land snail helix pomatia and roman snail farming as contribution to regional sustainable development in the svabian alps . umr - cnrs 6553 ecology / biology , university rennes 1 , france
a . nicolai . ( 2006 ) roman snail population management in the svabian alps – a contribution to regional sustainable development . uft , university bremen , germany
a . nicolai , p . vernon , a . ansart , m . lee , m . charrier . ( 2003 ) eco - physiological research in helix pomatia : supercooling capacity and potential role of intestinal bacteria as ice - nucleating agents . 3rd international congress of european societies of malacology at la rochelle , france poster presentation a . nicolai , s . fournier , v . briand and m . charrier . ( 2007 ) allocation of energy to reproductive success in cornu aspersum before and after hibernation . international congress of malacology at antwerp , belgium
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chroicocephalus is a genus of medium to relatively small gulls which were included in the genus larus until recently .

some authorities also include the saunders 's gull in chroicocephalus .

the genus name chroicocephalus is from ancient greek khroizo , " to colour " , and kephale , " head " .

chroicocephalus

the black - headed gull ( chroicocephalus ridibundus - linneus 1766 ) is a bird belonging to the order of the charadriiforms ( charadriiformes ) , to the family of the larids ( laridae ) , to the genus chroicocephalus and to the species chroicocephalus ridibundus .
chroicocephalus maculipennis : lakes , rivers and coasts of s south america and falkland is .
chroicocephalus brunnicephalus : mts . of s - central asia ; winters to arabia , india and se asia
grzegorz jagodziński added the polish common name
mewa śmieszka
to
chroicocephalus ridibundus ( linnaeus , 1766 )
.
yan wong changed the thumbnail image of
file : chroicocephalus ridibundus - zürichhorn 2010 - 10 - 05 17 - 14 - 50 . jpg
.
valter jacinto marked
file : обыкновенная ( речная ) чайка весной ( вариант фото ) . jpg
as trusted on the
chroicocephalus ridibundus linnaeus , 1766
page .
the name of the genus “chroicocephalus” comes from the old greek “chroia , chroa” meaning colour , colour of the skin . therefore , the scientific term refers to a bird whose head ( in greek “kephale” , latinized “cefalo” ) can have a certain colour , which , in the case of the black - headed gull refers to the “hood” present in the summer livery of brown chocolate colour .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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black - headed gulls are not fussy eaters . they like everything , from worms to bird eggs to fish . furthermore , they also profit from all kinds of human sources of rubbish such as garbage barrels . not all black - headed gulls earn their meal in an honest way . they steal worms from shorebirds and fish from terns . nor are people always safe . should your ice cream or french fries fall on the ground , it quickly disappears in the beak of these master thieves . you find black - headed gulls almost everywhere . they are a common shorebird , land - bird and city - bird .
classification from xeno - canto bird sounds selected by michаel frаnkis - see more .
: ahh . . . yes , these regionally specific range descriptions vary . . .
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zoom h6 sennheiser me - 62 tern - like call from open ocean location in troms county . thanks to karl - birger strann for solving this mystery !
more than 50 birds competing for pieces of bread thrown by kids from a bridge .
original recording of a flock of recently ( less than month earlier ) fledged juveniles on lake shore at night .
a non breeding individual probably male was seen and heard , while it was flying and doing agressive displays against others individuals in the island of burano . recording distance was 5 meters .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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american ornithologists ' union ' s
check - list of north american birds - list of the 2 , 078 bird species known from the a . o . u . check - list area
( aou check - list , 7th edition , updated with supplements 42 - 52 ) , maintained at urltoken
ioc world bird list , master list v2 . 9 , website ( version 2 . 9 )
zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource , 2011 . 04 . 02 , website ( version 02 - apr - 11 )
zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource
maintained by alan p . peterson at urltoken
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
the term “ridibundus” , relevant to the species , comes from the latin and means “laughing scornfully” and refers to the vocalizations emitted by this species which can be very noisy especially when the flocks are eating , also by dusk or during the night . the most common call is formed by a single or repeated , with many variants , grating “krreearr” and by a short and sharp “kek” or “kekekek” .
the black - headed gull is amply distributed in europe , asia and on the eastern coasts of canada . it is a partial migrant as it retires from the most nordic and iced zones in winter and keeping sedentary in other zones .
the adult black - headed gull ( starting from the second year of age ) , presents in summer a dark chocolate coloured hood interesting the face and the head in a characteristic way .
the dark brown eye has a thin periocular ring of red skin and an outer periocular ring of white feathers . the white feathers of this last do not complete the round as they miss at the level of the median commissure of the eye itself .
the neck , the chest and the belly are white as well as the tail . the dorsal part of the body ( back and almost all the wing ) is of pale grey colour . the outer border of the wing , for a belt starting from the alula and including the outer primaries , is white . this drawing is very useful for recognizing the species when flying . the tips of the primary rectrices and of the outer secondary rectrices are black ; in the terminal black of the most median primaries is present a white “spot” evident also when the wings are closed . the bill and the legs , in this season , are red .
in winter the livery is different . the most impressive difference stays in the absence of the dark hood ; at its place , on the head , remain only two blackish - grey vertical stripes ( at times , so much light to be reduced to two spots ) on each side of the head , one of them reaches the eye and the other gets to the zone of the auricular hole , both leaving from the zone of the apex of the head . in winter , the legs and the bill are red or brown - red ; the tip of the bill is black .
nimble flyer with its about 1 m wingspan . in summer the head is dark chocolate © giuseppe mazza
the young of the year exhibits a livery with the presence of abundant brown - reddish colouration on the head as well as on the wings . also the grey - blackish colour is quite present on the feathers of the back and on the coverts and rectrices of the wings where it forms scaly drawings . the tail , always on the young of the year , has a terminal black band . during the first winter after the birth , the young presents a strong reduction of the reddish colouration even if it keeps a certain dark spotting on the wings and the strike of the tail . the colouration , during the first summer after the birth , will be similar to that of the first winter with the addition of the hood which will not be complete like that in the adult specimens as in the chocolate brown is preent a variable quantity of white . starting from the second year of life , the adult livery will be complete . this bird has a length of about 40 cm ( 37 - 44 ) and a wingspan of about 94 - 110 cm , weighs about 220 - 350 g and there is no evident sexual dimorphism ; it is a very skilful and nimble flyer .
the black - headed gull has practically an omnivorous alimentation and has often the habit of stealing the food from other birds and also from its conspecifics ( kleptoparasitism ) . in the humid and marine zones it actively looks for fishes , aquatic insects and generally small animals but its adaptative and opportunistic capacities render it able to take advantage from the most varied alimentary sources thus being practically able to nourish of whatever alimentary leftover found in the dumpings and in the urban areas .
the reproductive range of this species of gull is very ample , extending from the southern point of greenland to the whole iceland , continuing through most of europe and of central asia and reaching the kamchatka peninsula in russia and north - eastern china . it is rarer in america .
the reproductive territories are reached by early spring ( february - march for europe ) ; first by the males who occupy the territories where to build the nest and then by the females who will have to chose the partners . usually , the mating is preceded by the regurgitation of food done by the male in favour of the female . the formed pairs become territorial and defend the zone where the nest will be located ; the defended surface will be of some square metres .
the nest is formed by cup of vegetal material fairly well built ; the eggs ( 1 - 3 per brood ) are spawned between april and may . the eggs have a brown - mustard colouration and are spotted of brown ; the brooding lasts 22 - 26 days . the pullets , which since already the first days of life have open eyes and are able to get off from the nest , are nourished with fish and other food regurgitated by the parents . the newborns have a brown - reddish colouration with yellowish reflections and are totally spotted of black . this mimetic colouration along with the capacity of hiding and of flattening on the ground at the least sign of danger helps them in the defence from the predators . the reproductive colonies may count from few pairs to thousands of specimens . the adults tend to get back , for the reproduction , to the colonies where they were born .


elachista unifasciella is a moth of the elachistidae family .

it is found from sweden to the pyrenees , italy and greece and from great britain to russia and turkey .

the wingspan is 9 – 10 millimetres ( 0.35 – 0.39 in ) .

adults are on wing from june to july in one generation per year .

the larvae feed on avenula pubescens , brachypodium sylvaticum , dactylis glomerata , holcus mollis and milium effusum .

they mine the leaves of their host plant .

first , they create a long , somewhat blistered , slightly transparent corridor .

later , they mine the basal leaves lying on the ground .

they are light yellow with a light brown head .

larvae can be found from autumn to the end of may .

elachista unifasciella

vingbredd 9–10 mm . en vackert , kontrastrikt tecknad gräsminerarmal med brunsvarta framvingar , på mitten försedda med ett krämfärgat tvärband som vidgar sig något mot bakkanten . fransarna är vita vid spetsen utanför en svartaktig delningslinje . arten liknar ganska mycket lundskaftingminerarmal elachista gangabella , men denna art saknar de ljusa fransarna vid vingspetsen . denna karaktär är oftast svår att se , i synnerhet på slitna djur . arten är avbildad av traugott - olsen & nielsen ( 1977 ) .
notes : rare ( proposed as a future red data book species ) on grassland in southern england , north to worcestershire . in hampshire known only from leckford , but not recorded in the county since 1986 . not recorded from the isle of wight to date . wingspan 9 - 10 mm . formerly lumped with e . obliquella and very similar to several other elachista species with worn females of e . bisulcella in particular frequently misidentified as this species . larva mines leaves of cock ' s - foot and false - brome .
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if you have any good quality photographs and would like to contribute , please contact me by email at ian @ ukmoths . co . uk .
ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .
the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .
looking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .
procache : v317 render date : 2018 - 06 - 16 14 : 23 : 03 page render time : 0 . 1530s total w / procache : 0 . 1905s
den är funnen i centraleuropa inklusive england . i danmark är den funnen i ett brett band från nordöstra själland till södra jylland . dess nordgräns går genom skåne , där den har påträffats på flera platser . den rapporterades som ny för landet 1965 genom fynd i skåne , gärdslöv 20 . vi . 1964 ( i . svensson leg . ) där den fortfarande av allt att döma finns kvar . ca 1990 påträffades den också i bökeberg norr om svedala . arten är lokal och i allmänhet sällsynt , men här och där kan den vissa år anträffas i något större numerär .
endast känd från en handfull lokaler i skåne där den lever i mörk lundskog . arten lever troligen på flera gräsarter exempelvis hundäxing ( dactylis glomerata ) . fjärilens miljöer är i dagsläget inte hotade och någon minskning har inte kunnat påvisas . dock är utbredningsområdet litet , antalet lokaler få och arten är lätt igenkänlig , varför mörkertalet förmodligen är litet . antalet lokalområden i landet skattas till 5 ( 3 - 8 ) . utbredningsområdets storlek ( eoo ) skattas till 4600 ( 400 - 4600 ) km² och förekomstarean ( aoo ) till 20 ( 12 - 32 ) km² . - 2005 . det finns inga tecken på betydande populationsförändring . de skattade värdena som bedömningen baserar sig på ligger alla inom intervallet för kategorin nära hotad ( nt ) . de skattade värdena för utbredningsområde och förekomstarea ligger under gränsvärdet för starkt hotad ( en ) . detta i kombination med att utbredningsområdet är kraftigt fragmenterat och antalet lokalområden är extremt få gör att arten uppfyller kriterierna för kategorin nära hotad ( nt ) . ( b1a + 2a ) .
bokskogsgräsminerarmal finner man i bokskogar , som dess namn anger , helst i partier som är omväxlande beskuggade av träden . larven gör långsträckta minor i blad av hundäxing dactylis glomerata . i litteraturen anges också lundskafting brachypodium silvaticum som värdväxt . larven lever i maj i minan då den förpuppar sig . fjärilen kläcks i mitten av juni och flyger ca en månad .
med gällande lagar skyddas till stor del de skånska bokskogarna , men man bör utse något eller ett par referensområden för att kunna följa artens utveckling .
länsvis förekomst och status för bokskogsgräsmal baserat på sammanställningar och bedömningar av gjorda fynd .
blå punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och övriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan innehålla observationer som inte är validerade . kartan uppdateras var fjärde vecka .
emmet , a . m , et al . 1996 in the moths and butterflies of great britain and ireland . volume 3 . colchester , england .
traugott - olsen , e . & nielsen , e . schmidt , 1977 . the elachistidae ( lepidoptera ) of fennoscandia and denmark . fauna ent . scand . , vol . 6 . klampenborg .
längre texter , utöver kriteriedokumentation , har sammanställts av : bengt å . bengtsson 2002 . © artdatabanken , slu 2005 .
i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .
defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .
denna funktion används när du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka på deras namn . du kan också välja att använda knappen ”jämför arter” för att se bilder , kartor och kännetecken i en jämförelsevy .
du kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via släktträdet och där välja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat sätt att göra ditt urval är att använda fliken ”filtrera” , där du kan söka på olika egenskaper . ovanför listan med sökresultatet finns en knapp ”lägg i mitt urval” .
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in autumn the larva makes a long , somewhat blistered , slightly transparent corridor . in spring it mines the basal leaves that lie on the ground . these mines are swollen , clouded green , opaque , and the mined tips of the leaves are puckered and shrunken , filled with frass ( bladmineerders van europa ) .
larva : the larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles ( see video of a gracillarid larva feeding ) , six thoracic legs and abdominal legs ( see examples ) .
rather thick , light yellow ; head light brown . see steuer ( 1973a ) for an illustration of the characteristic sclerites in the pronotum , prosternum , and anal shield ( bladmineerders van europa ) .
pupa : the pupae of moths have visible head appendages , wings and legs which lie in sheaths ( see examples ) .
see patocka ( 1999a ) and patocka and turcani ( 2005a ) ( bladmineerders van europa ) .
adult : the adult is not illustrated in ukmoths ( check for update ) . the species is included in urltoken .
distribution in great britain and ireland : britain including durham , north hampshire , south essex and south northumberland ( nbn atlas ) .
distribution elsewhere : widespread in continental europe including austria , belgium , czech republic , danish mainland , estonia , european turkey , french mainland , germany , hungary , italian mainland , latvia , luxembourg , poland , ? romania , russia - central , slovakia and sweden ( karsholt and van nieukerken in fauna europaea ) .
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hodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .
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distribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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there are 2 county records of 2 individuals from 2 different sites . first recorded in 1978 .
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for the county , we have a total of 1 records from 1 sites . first recorded in 1991 .
vc63 . warren vale , rawmarsh , 5 . 7 . 1991 ( heb ) .


chetone angulosa is a moth of the erebidae family .

it was described by walker in 1854 .

it is found in central america and northern south america , including venezuela , guatemala , belize , panama and costa rica .

chetone angulosa

chetone angulosa ( walker , 1854 ) = pericopis angulosa walker , 1854 = chetone heliconides boisduval , 1870 = pericopis irenides butler , 1872 .
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distribution : ( species ) c . america & northern s . america ; ( form
method of identification : adult illustrated in colour by seitz ( 1925 ) pl . 62 , fig . b2 ( form
notes : this seems to be a very distinctive species , although the identification requires confirmation .
this information is based an ongoing project dedicated to the inventory and dissemination of information on lepidopteran larvae , their host plants , and their parasitoids in a costa rican tropical wet forest and an ecuadorian montane cloud forest .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
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cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water . subunits 1 - 3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex . co i is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme . electrons originating in cytochrome c are transferred via the copper a center of subunit 2 and heme a of subunit 1 to the bimetallic center formed by heme a3 and copper b .
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istiblennius edentulus , the rippled rockskipper , is a species of combtooth blenny found in coral reefs in the pacific and indian oceans .

it is also commonly known as the rippled blenny , smooth-lipped blenny , toothless blenny , or coral blenny .

males of this species can reach a maximum of 16 cm ( 6.3 in ) tl , while females can reach a maximum of 13.2 cm ( 5.2 in ) sl .

istiblennius edentulus

taxon concept istiblennius _ edentulus last modified 2013 - 11 - 25 10 : 42 : 21 . 399
istiblennius edentulus is of no interest to the fisheries industry , but is commercially collected for use in the aquarium trade ( burgess et . al 1990 ) .
alticops edentulus , alticops oryx , blennius cinereus , blennius edentulus , blennius truncatus , istiblennius edentululus , istiblennius enosimae , istilbennius edentulus , salarias atratus , salarias atrimarginatus , salarias azureus , more . . . salarias diproktopterus , salarias fluctatus , salarias garmani , salarias gilberti , salarias insulae , salarias marcusi , salarias melanocephalus , salarias quadricornis , salarias rechingeri , salarias sindonis , salarias sumatranus , scartella enosimae , scartichthys basiliscus , scartichthys enosimae hide . . .
a rippled rockskipper , istiblennius edentulus , at wooli , new south wales , april 2015 . source : ian shaw / inaturalist . org . license : cc by attribution - noncommercial
there are no known species - specific conservation measures in place for istiblennius edentulus . however , its range does overlap several marine protected areas ( world database of protected areas 2010 ) .
springer , v . g . and j . t . williams , 1994 . the indo - west pacific blenniid fish genus istiblennius reappraised : a revision of istiblennius , blenniella , and paralticus , new genus . . smithson . contrib . zool . 565 : 193 p
springer , v . g . and j . t . williams , 1994 . the indo - west pacific blenniid fish genus istiblennius reappraised : a revision of istiblennius , blenniella , and paralticus , new genus . smithson . contrib . zool . 565 : 1 - 193 . ( ref . 9962 )
springer , v . g . & williams , j . t . 1994 ,
the indo - west pacific blenniid fish genus istiblennius reappraised : a revision of istiblennius , blenniella , and paralticus , new genus
, smithsonian contributions to zoology , vol . 565 , pp . 1 - 193 figs 1 - 73
istiblennius edentulus is found throughout the indo - west pacific , including south africa , east africa , madagascar , mascarenes , and seychelles , north to the red sea and persian gulf , east to western australia , new south wales , lord howe and rapa islands , new caledonia , wake atoll , the marquesan , line , and pitcairn islands , north to the tuamoto and ogasawara islands , and southern japan ( forster and schneider 1801 , myers 1991 ) .
greek , istios = sail + greek , blennios = mucus ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; brackish ; reef - associated ; depth range 0 - 5 m ( ref . 9710 ) , usually 0 - 1 m ( ref . 9710 ) . tropical ; 32°n - 32°s
indo - pacific : red sea and east africa to the line , marquesan , and tuamoto islands , north to southern japan , south to lord howe and rapa .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 16 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 48636 ) ; 13 . 2 cm sl ( female )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 12 - 13 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 19 - 21 ; anal spines : 2 ; anal soft rays : 21 - 23 . males darkly dusky with 5 - 6 pairs of bands on body and pale stripes on dorsal fin ; develop a crest . females paler in color , bands broken into spots posteriorly , dorsal fin spotted ( ref . 4404 ) .
intertidal ( ref . 31184 , 48636 ) . adults are common in areas with large rubble pieces which are often used to built breakwaters or to support jetty - pylons ( ref . 48636 ) . they hide in cracks or holes when not feeding . they jump out of the water in energetic skippings to another pool when pursued ( ref . 2158 , 48636 ) . may remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds ( ref . 31184 ) . they breathe air when out of water ( ref . 31184 ) . feeds on filamentous algae ( ref . 89972 ) . oviparous . eggs are demersal and adhesive ( ref . 205 ) , and are attached to the substrate via a filamentous , adhesive pad or pedestal ( ref . 94114 ) . larvae are planktonic , often found in shallow , coastal waters ( ref . 94114 ) .
) : 24 . 7 - 29 . 3 , mean 28 . 4 ( based on 2954 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5001 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 2 . 0 ±0 . 00 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 27 of 100 ) .
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urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
eschmeyer , w . n . ( ed . ) . 2014 . catalog of fishes . updated 27 august 2014 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 27 august 2014 ) .
williams , j . t . & smith - vaniz , w . f .
this is a widespread species that is locally abundant with no known threats and occurs in marine protected areas in parts of its range . it is therefore listed as least concern .
australia ; bangladesh ; cambodia ; china ; djibouti ; egypt ; eritrea ; fiji ; french polynesia ( marquesas ) ; hong kong ; india ; indonesia ; iran , islamic republic of ; iraq ; japan ; kenya ; kuwait ; madagascar ; malaysia ; mozambique ; myanmar ; new caledonia ; new zealand ; oman ; pakistan ; papua new guinea ; philippines ; saudi arabia ; seychelles ; singapore ; somalia ; south africa ; sudan ; taiwan , province of china ; tanzania , united republic of ; thailand ; united arab emirates ; united states minor outlying islands ( wake is . ) ; viet nam ; yemen
this species is common and locally abundant throughout most of its range ( williams , j . t . pers . comm . 2009 ) .
williams , j . t . & smith - vaniz , w . f . 2014 .
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a pale greenish grey rockskipper with dark greyish divided bars on sides that extend onto the dorsal - fin base , vertical orange wavy lines in the spaces between the bars , and a pale - edged grey bar through the eye across the upper lip . females have orange - brown spots on rear of body and on dorsal and anal fins . video of rippled rockskippers in a tide pool in shirahama , japan .
inhabits the edge of rocky shorelines in relatively protected areas where wave action is not severe .
allen , g . r . , hoese , d . f . , paxton , j . r . , randall , j . e . , russell , b . c . , starck , w . a . , talbot , f . h . & whitley , g . p . 1976 . annotated checklist of the fishes of lord howe island .
allen , g . r . & smith - vaniz , w . f . 1994 . fishes of cocos ( keeling ) islands .
the marine fishes of north - western australia . a field guide for anglers and divers
. perth , wa : western australian museum vi 201 pp . , 70 pls .
castelnau , f . l . de 1875 . researches on the fishes of australia . intercolonial exhibition essays . 2 . pp . 1–52 in ,
forster , j . r . & schneider , j . g . in bloch , m . e . & schneider , j . g . 1801 .
francis , m . 1993 . checklist of the coastal fishes of lord howe , norfolk , and kermadec islands , southwest pacific ocean .
hobbs , j - p . a . , s . j . newman , g . e . a . mitsopoulos , m . j . travers , c . l . skepper , j . j . gilligan , g . r . allen , h . j . choat & a . m . ayling . 2014 . checklist and new records of christmas island fishes : the influence of isolation , biogeography and habitat availability on species abundance and community composition .
hobbs , j - p . a . , s . j . newman , g . e . a . mitsopoulos , m . j . travers , c . l . skepper , j . j . gilligan , g . r . allen , h . j . choat & a . m . ayling . 2014 . fishes of the cocos ( keeling ) islands : new records , community composition and biogeographic significance .
johnson , j . w . 2010 . fishes of the moreton bay marine park and adjacent continental shelf waters , queensland , australia . pp . 299 - 353 in davie , p . j . f . & phillips , j . a . proceedings of the thirteenth international marine biological workshop , the marine fauna and flora of moreton bay .
. sydney , nsw , australia : new holland publishers xvii , 434 pp .
ogilby , j . d . 1899 . additions to the fauna of lord howe island .
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hadorn , r . & fraussen , k 2003 ,
the deep - water indo - pacific radiation of fusinus ( chryseofusus ) subgen . nov . ( gastropoda : fasciolariidae )
, iberus , vol . 21 , no . 1
daniels , g . 1978 ,
a catalogue of the type specimens of diptera in the australian museum
, records of the australian museum , vol . 31 , no . 11 , pp . 411 - 471
mckeown , k . c . 1948 ,
a reference list of types of coleoptera in the australian museum .
, records of the australian museum , vol . 22 , no . 1 , pp . 95 - 139
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : d707bc53 - 9254 - 4f27 - a573 - 76d44a42e5eb
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 94f6eb0c - fac9 - 433c - b609 - 77a9c8f340a1
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 592863
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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neotype usnm 292529 , tahiti , society islands ( original type locality huanaine island ) .
castelnau , f . l . de 1875 . researches on the fishes of australia . intercolonial exhibition essays . 2 . pp . 1–52
holotype whereabouts unknown ( qm 1 . 862 labelled type , with 2 specimens , both too large to be holotype and holotype presumed lost ) , lord howe island .
. paris : levrault vol . 11 506 pp . pls 307 - 343 .
lectotype mnhp a . 2003 , mauritius . paralectotype ( s ) mnhp 7067 ; mnhp a , 2002 ; mnhp a , 2005 ; mnhp a , 2007 ; mnhp a . 2304 ; mnhp 846 .
dirk hartog island ( 26°08 ' s ) to cartier island ( 12°33 ' s ) , wa and lizard island , qld ( 14°39 ' s ) to sydney , nsw ( 33°48 ' s ) ; tropical , indo - west - central pacific .
johnson , j . w . 2010 . fishes of the moreton bay marine park and adjacent continental shelf waters , queensland , australia . pp . 299 - 353
davie , p . j . f . & phillips , j . a . proceedings of the thirteenth international marine biological workshop , the marine fauna and flora of moreton bay .
mcculloch , a . r . 1929 . a check - list of the fishes recorded from australia . part iii .
allen , g . r . 1985 . fishes of western australia . book 9 . pp . 2207 - 2534 526 pls
intertidal ( ref . 31184 , 48636 ) . adults are common in areas with large rubble pieces which are often used to built breakwaters or to support jetty - pylons ( ref . 48636 ) . they hide in cracks or holes when not feeding . they jump out of the water in energetic skippings to another pool when pursued ( ref . 2158 , 48636 ) . may remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds ( ref . 31184 ) . they breathe air when out of water ( ref . 31184 ) . feeds on filamentous algae ( ref . 89972 ) . oviparous . eggs are demersal and adhesive ( ref . 205 ) , and are attached to the substrate via a filamentous , adhesive pad or pedestal ( ref . 94114 ) . larvae are planktonic , often found in shallow , coastal waters ( ref . 94114 ) .
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