hypolimnas octocula , the eight-spot butterfly , is a species of eggfly or diadem endemic to several islands and island chains in oceania , including new caledonia , vanuatu and the mariana islands .

it includes the following subspecies : h. o. octocula butler , 1869 h. o. pallas grose-smith h. o. elsina butler h. o. formosa herrich-schäffer h. o. marianensis

hypolimnas octocula

hypolimnas octocula marianensis fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 555
= hypolimnas octocula elsina ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 303
hypolimnas octocula futunaensis samson , 1986 ; tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 , 25 ; tl : s . new hebrides , futuna
hypolimnas octocula tanna samson , 1986 ; tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 , 27 ; tl : s . new hebrides , tanna is .
hypolimnas octocula ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 6 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note )
diadema octocula butler , 1869 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 3 ( 13 ) : 19 ; tl : tologa i . [ totoya ]
all the hypolimnas with the orange hindwing band are nice , hypolimnas pandarus is stunning too .
hypolimnas octocula elsina ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 303 ; [ baur ] , 224 ( text ) ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 , 29
hypolimnas alimena catalai viette , 1950 ; fn . emp . franc . 13 : 87
hypolimnas chapmani ab . fasciata aurivillius , 1894 ; ent . tidskr . 15 : 280
la variation géographique du polymorphisme chez les hypolimnas du continent africain ( lep . nymphalidae )
hypolimnas sumbawana pagenstecher , 1898 ; ent . nachr . 24 : 81 ; tl : sumbawa
hypolimnas deceptor ; [ bow ] : pl . 103 , f . 15 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas dinarcha grandis rothschild , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 344 ; tl : uganda
hypolimnas monteironis major rothschild , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 344 ; tl : uganda
hypolimnas salmacis ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas salmacis magnifica rothschild , 1918 ; novit . zool . 25 : 343 ; tl : uganda
hypolimnas eremita butler , 1883 ; ent . mon . mag . 20 : 56 ; tl : dorey
hypolimnas antilope lutescens ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 304
hypolimnas shortlandica ribbe , 1898 ; dt . ent . z . iris 11 ( 1 ) : 119
hypolimnas dimona fruhstorfer , 1912 ; ent . rundschau 29 ( 1 ) : 5 ; tl : sula
hypolimnas misippus misippus ; [ bmp ] : 165 , pl . 24 , f . 8 - 9
contributions to the lepidoptera ( 2 ) . descriptions of hypolimnas ( nymphalidae ) and charaxes ( charaxidinae )
hypolimnas anthedon ; [ bk ] : 341 , pl . 48 , f . 591 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas dimona ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas macarthuri neidhoefer , 1972 ; occ . pap . milwaukee pub . mus . ( 3 ) : 3
hypolimnas alimena talauta ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas nivas fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 , ( 174 )
hypolimnas anomala stellata ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas antilope phalkes ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas labuana butler , 1879 ; cistula ent . 2 ( 21 ) : 432 ; tl : labuan , borneo
hypolimnas bolina gigas ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas diomea fraterna ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas diomea sororia ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas diomea serica ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas errabunda hopkins , 1927 ; insects of samoa 3 ( fasc . 1 ) : 23 ; tl : samoa
hypolimnas alimena var . heteromorpha röber , 1891 ; tijdschr . ent . 34 : 306 ; tl : key i .
= hypolimnas bolina bolina ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas pithoeka dampierensis rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 204 ; tl : dampier island
hypolimnas pithoeka vulcanica rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 205 ; tl : vulcan island
hypolimnas listeri butler , 1888 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1888 : 542 ; tl : christmas i .
hypolimnas panopion grose - smith , 1894 ; novit . zool . 1 ( 2 ) : 350 ; tl : humboldt bay
hypolimnas euploeoides rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 205 ; tl : manus , admiralty islands
hypolimnas salmacis platydema rothschild & jordan , 1903 ; novit . zool . 10 ( 3 ) : 524 ; tl : scheko
hypolimnas alimena ♀ ab . coelia fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 74
hypolimnas alimena manusi rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 205 ; tl : manus , admiralty islands
hypolimnas alimena catalai ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 303 ; [ nhm card ]
hypolimnas bolina pallescens ; fruhstorfer , 1902 , stettin ent . ztg 63 ( 1 ) : 355 ; [ baur ] , 222
hypolimnas dinarcha narchadi suffert , 1904 ; dt . ent . z . iris 17 ( 1 ) : 110 ; tl : acera
hypolimnas mechowi ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 4 ; [ bafr ] , 218 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas pithoeka salomona d ' abrera , 1977 ; butts . aust . region : 219 ; tl : mt . gallego , guadalcanal
hypolimnas angustolimbata weymer , 1892 ; stettin ent . ztg 53 ( 4 - 6 ) : 87 ; tl : e . africa
hypolimnas alimena saturnia fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 74 ; tl : waigiu
hypolimnas alimena afra fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 73 ; tl : kiriwina
hypolimnas antilope arnoldi fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 76 ; tl : sumbawa
hypolimnas antilope mela fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 75 ; tl : kiriwina
hypolimnas bolina enganica fruhstorfer , 1904 ; berl . ent . zs . 49 ( 1 / 2 ) : 193 ; tl : engano
hypolimnas deois divina fruhstorfer , 1903 ; dt . ent . z . iris 16 ( 1 ) : 66 ; tl : new guinea
hypolimnas arakalulk semper , 1906 ; dt . ent . z . iris 18 ( 2 ) : 253 ; tl : karolinen arch .
hypolimnas pandarus junia fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 47 ( 3 / 4 ) : 234 ; tl : wetter
hypolimnas alimena lamina fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 73 ; tl : cape york
hypolimnas anomala ; [ bor ] , 284 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas salmacis var . thomensis aurivillius , 1910 ; ann . mus . stor . nat . genova ( 3 ) 4 / 44 : 510
hypolimnas aurifascia mengel , 1903 ; ent . news 14 ( 6 ) : 167 , pl . 7 ; tl : santo , new hebrides
hypolimnas alimena obsolescens fruhstorfer , 1903 ; berl . ent . zs . 48 ( 1 / 2 ) : 73 ; tl : fergusson i .
hypolimnas antilope wagneri clark , 1946 ; proc . biol . soc . wash . 59 : 119 ; tl : los negros , admiralty is .
hypolimnas deceptor deceptor ; [ bafr ] , 220 ; [ bk ] : 340 , pl . 47 , f . 590 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas deois divina ; fruhstorfer , 1916 , archiv naturg . 81 a ( 11 ) : 66 ( name ) ; [ baur ] , 222
hypolimnas diomea diomea ; [ bor ] , 284 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas pithoeka fumosus joicey & noakes , 1915 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1915 ( 2 ) : 191 ; tl : biak
hypolimnas alada swinhoe , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 16 ( 93 ) : 174 ; tl : hongkong
hypolimnas antevorta ; [ bow ] : pl . 103 , f . 12 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bafr ] , 216 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas palladius grose - smith , 1897 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 175 ; tl : fergusson i .
hypolimnas paleutes grose - smith , 1897 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 176 ; tl : kiriwini , trobriands
hypolimnas pithoeka gretheri clark , 1946 ; proc . biol . soc . wash . 59 : 119 ; tl : lou i . , admiralty is .
hypolimnas alimena eremitana strand , 1914 ; lepid . niepeltiana ( 1 ) : 35 , pl . 8 , f . 14 ; tl : admiralty i .
hypolimnas limbata crowley , 1890 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1890 : 552 , pl . 17 , f . 2 ; tl : madagascar
hypolimnas heteroma swinhoe , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 16 ( 93 ) : 173 ; tl : sarawak , borneo
hypolimnas curiosa swinhoe , 1915 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 16 ( 93 ) : 173 ; tl : staru , india
870x597 ( ~ 50kb ) underside male paya , tioman , malaysia , 12 - 96 , photo © s . shuichi haupt hypolimnas sp . det . krushnamegh kunte
hypolimnas alimena alimena ; [ baur ] , 220 ( text ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas antilope antilope ; [ baur ] , 218 ( text ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas deois waigeuensis joicey & talbot , 1917 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 20 ( 117 ) : 218 ; tl : waigeu
hypolimnas monteironis major ; [ bafr ] , 218 ( text ) ; [ bk ] : 342 , pl . 48 , f . 594 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas salmacis magnifica ; [ bafr ] , 216 ( text ) ; [ bk ] : 342 , pl . 48 , f . 595 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas inopinata waterhouse , 1920 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 45 ( 3 ) : 468 ; tl : waidoi , fiji
hypolimnas exiguus samson , 1980 ; tyô to ga 30 ( 3 , 4 ) : 225 , f . 7 ; tl : mapwe ( 200ft ) , santa ana
hypolimnas dexithea ; [ bow ] : pl . 103 , f . 14 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bafr ] , 216 ; [ madl ] ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas discandra weymer , 1885 ; stettin ent . ztg . 46 ( 4 - 6 ) : 264 , pl . 1 , f . 6 ; tl : nias i .
hypolimnas alimena ; [ bow ] : pl . 145 , f . 11 - 12 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
years ago there were two or three hypolimnas species that were difficult to obtain , now it ' s one of the few genera that has become more available rather than less . johnny
hypolimnas bolina bolina ; [ bmp ] : 164 , pl . 24 , f . 10 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
hypolimnas deois ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 2 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note )
hypolimnas pandarus ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 7 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note )
hypolimnas dinarcha ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 1 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bk ] : 341 , pl . 48 , f . 592 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas diomea ; [ bow ] : pl . 146 , f . 5 ; [ bor ] , 284 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas usambara ; [ bow ] : pl . 104 , f . 8 ; [ bafr ] , 222 ; [ bk ] : 341 , pl . 47 , f . 593 ; [ afrl ]
hypolimnas anomala anomala ; [ bor ] , 284 ; [ bmp ] : 164 , pl . 24 , f . 6 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas antilope ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 145 , f . 13 ; samson , 1986 , tyô to ga 37 ( 1 ) : 16 ( note ) ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
hypolimnas bolina ; wood - mason & de nicéville , 1881 , j . asiat . soc . bengal 49 pt . ii ( 4 ) : 228 ; fruhstorfer , 1910 , ent . zs . 24 ( 28 ) : 155 , f . 9 - 10 ; holloway & peters , 1976 , j . nat . hist . 10 : 304 ; [ ebw ] ; [ bow ] : pl . 145 , f . 14 , pl . 146 , f . 1 ; [ bor ] , 284 ; [ bafr ] , 214 ; [ mrs ] , 567 ; vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213 ; [ afrl ]
the exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .
papilio alimena linnaeus , 1764 ; mus . lud . ulr . : 291 ; tl : amboina
larva on pseuderanthemum variable [ baur ] , asystasia gangetica , graptophilum pictum , pseuderanthemum variabile k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 ) , asystasia , graptophyllum , pseuderanthemum , sida , pipturus vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
alimena senia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 545
alimena bandana fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : banda i .
alimena remigia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : obi
alimena eligia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : batjan
alimena diadema fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 545
alimena talauta fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : talaud
diadema polymena c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 414 , pl . 55 , f . 5 - 6 ; tl : aru i .
alimena curicta fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546
alimena libisonia fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 546 ; tl : new guinea
alimena bateia fruhstorfer , 1915 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 746 ; tl : yule i .
diadema fuliginensis mathew , 1887 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1887 ( 1 ) : 44 , pl . 4 , f . 6 ; tl : ugi , solomon is .
alimena diffusa howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 74 ; tl : bellona i .
alimena libateia howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 73 ; tl : bellona i . [ ? ]
diadema antevorta distant , [ 1880 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1879 ( 4 ) : 703 ; tl : magila , e . africa
mimics amauris niavius , amauris tartarea ( complex ) , amauris echeria . [ bk ]
f . wahlbergi mimics amauris niavius , f . mima amauris echeria . [ pbsa ]
diadema anomala wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 285 ; tl : malacca ; java
larva on pipturus arboresceus [ mrs ] , claoxylon , pipturus , pouzolzia , villebrunea vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
diadema insterstincta butler , 1873 ; cist . ent . 1 ( 7 ) : 157 ; tl : assam
diadema wallaceana butler , 1873 ; cist . ent . 1 ( 7 ) : 157 ; tl :
india ?
anomala euvaristos fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 ; tl : philippines
anomala truentus fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543
anomala stellata ( fruhstorfer , 1912 ) ( hypolimnata ) ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 ; tl : minahassa
larva on pipturus argenteus [ baur ] , asystasia , graptophyllum , pseuderanthemum , oreocnide , pipturus vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
diadema albula wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 287 ; tl : timor
diadema lutescens butler , 1874 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1874 : 283 , pl . 44 , f . 3 ; tl : ovalau , fiji
antilope maglovius fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : buru
antilope typhlis fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : key i . ?
antilope quinctinus fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : obi
antilope sila fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 544 ; tl : cerma
diadema scopas godman & salvin , 1888 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 1 ( 2 ) : 98 ; tl : solomon is .
antilope albomela howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 71 ; tl : rennell is .
phalkes fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 543 ; tl : talaut
india , ceylon , burma , au , s . arabia , madagascar . see [ maps ]
951x624 ( ~ 60kb ) female paya , tioman , malaysia , 12 - 96 , photo © s . shuichi haupt
951x624 ( ~ 52kb ) male paya , tioman , malaysia , 12 - 96 , photo © s . shuichi haupt
769x513 ( ~ 94kb ) underside thailand , krabi 24 . 12 . 2003 - 7 . 1 . 2004 , photo © olli vesikko
748x591 ( ~ 76kb ) female thailand , chon buri province , pattaya , jomtien beach , natural park resort . 25th january 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin
876x1134 ( ~ 163kb ) female thailand , chon buri province , pattaya , jomtien beach , natural park resort . 25th january 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin
740x534 ( ~ 67kb ) female thailand , chon buri province , pattaya , jomtien beach , natural park resort . 25th january 2005 , photo © oleg kosterin
876x915 ( ~ 119kb ) underside male thailand , chon buri province , pattaya environs , ko lan island , ruderal vegeation at a roadside . 15th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin
796x808 ( ~ 181kb ) male thailand , phuket , a bank of a pond at a road 1 km ne of khao sai tan kliang mt . , 18th february 2009 , photo © oleg kosterin
larva on polygonum prostratum , portulaca sp . , alternanthera denticulata , sida rhombifolia , richardia brasiliensis , asystasia gangetica , a . scandens , dipteracanthus spp . , pseuderanthemum variabile , ruellia spp . , synedrella nodiflora k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 )
larva on asystasia , diptercanthus , justicia , pseuderanthemum , rostellularia , ruelia , systasia , alternanthera , eclipta , synedrella , commelina , ipomoea , merremia , desmodium , phaseolus , vigna , perilla , abutiliion , malvastrum , sida , ficus , polygonum , persicaria , portulaca , richardia , triumfetta , boehmeria , elatostema , fleurya , laportea , pipturus , urtica vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 213
sumatra , java , lesser sunda is . , w . borneo , sulawesi , salayar , kabaena , galla , banggai , sula , maluku , new guinea , solomon is . , australia , new caledonia
978x1026 ( ~ 252kb ) underside female cambodia , koh kong province , 22 . 5 km of ene koh kong , ' nepenthes ' forest brook . 29th november 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin
1059x1215 ( ~ 314kb ) female cambodia , koh kong province , 22 . 5 km of ene koh kong , ' nepenthes ' forest brook . 29th november 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin
1166x1157 ( ~ 380kb ) underside male cambodia , kep province , kep , kep national park , ' platystylus brook ' below the pond . 6th december 2010 , photo © oleg kosterin
timor - kai , aru , waigeu , west irian - papua , n . australia - e . victoria , bismarck archipelago , solomon is . , new zealand
bolina rarik ( eschscholtz , 1821 ) ; in kotzebue , entdeck . reise süd - see 3 ( app . 5 ) : 203 , pl . 5 , f . 10 ; tl : lifu
bolina kraimoku ( eschscholtz , 1821 ) ; in kotzebue , entdeck . reise süd - see 3 ( app . 5 ) : 203
bolina inconstans butler , 1873 ; cist . ent . 1 ( 7 ) : 164 ; tl : navigator is .
diadema constans butler , 1875 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1875 ( 1 ) : 6 ; tl : tasmania ?
larva on ipomoea aquatica , i . batatus , synedrella nodiflora , sida rhombifolia , ficus microcarpa [ mrs ]
bolina holdeni butler , 1884 ; mem . nat . acad . sci . 2 : 93 ; tl : caroline i .
hypolumnas nerina var . listeri ; butler , 1900 , mon . christmas isl . : 62
diadema pulchra butler , 1874 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1874 : 281 ; tl : new caledonia
papilio jacintha drury , 1773 ; illust . nat . hist . exot . insects 2 : pl . 21 , f . 1 - 2 ( & index )
diadema lassinassa var . gigas oberthür , 1879 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1879 ( 3 ) : 233 ; tl : sanghir i .
larva on fleurya capensis , f . mitis [ pbsa ] , laportea [ bk ]
mimics amauris ochlea [ pbsa ] , amauris niavius , amauris echeria . [ bk ]
diadema tydea c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 415 , pl . 55 , f . 1 - 4
deois obianus fruhstorfer , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 9 : 555 ; tl : obi
diadema hewitsoni wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 282 ; tl : ké i .
diadema pandarus ; hewitson , 1858 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1858 : 464 , pl . 54 , f . 1 - 2
deois mysolensis talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 161
deois otakwensis talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 162
deois albosignata talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 162 ; tl : rossel i .
deois denticulata talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 163
deois woodlarkiana talbot , 1932 ; bull . hill . mus . 4 : 162 ; tl : woodlark i .
diadema dexithea hewitson , 1863 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1863 : 65 , pl . 11 ; tl : madagascar
larva on elatostema lineolatum vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 212
diadema fraterna wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 284 ; tl : macassar , celebes
s . america ( north ) , florida , caribbean , africa , australasia , india , ceylon , burma . see [ maps ]
951x624 ( ~ 55kb ) female expo park motobu , okinawa , ryukyus , japan , 8 - 93 , photo © s . shuichi haupt
1224x918 ( ~ 210kb ) upperside male thailand , chon buri province , pattaya environs , ko lan island , ruderal vegeation at a roadside . 15th january 2006 , photo © oleg kosterin
600x400 ( ~ 41kb ) underside male india : melghat , 5 . 10 . 2008 , photo © kedar tokekar
larva on portulaca oleracea [ bir ] , portulaca , portulaca okracea , abutilon , hibiscus , plantago asiatica , p . major [ mrs ] , asystasia , justicia , blepharis , ruellia , pseuderantheum [ bk ]
larva on portulaca oleracea , asystasia gangetica , pseuderanthemum variabile k . l . & l . e . dunn , 1991 , review austr . butts . ( 1 - 4 ) : ( 120 - 140 ) , asystasia , barlesia , blepharis , justicia , pseuderanthemum , ruellia , amaranthus , eleais , batatas , abelmoschus , abutilon , gossypium , hibiscus , ? ficus , plantago , portulaca , talinum , elatostema vane - wright & de jong , 2003 , zool . verh . leiden 343 : 214
diadema monteironis druce , 1874 ; cistula ent . 1 ( 10 ) : 286 ; tl : old calabar
diadema pandora wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 281 ; tl : buru
pandarus hewitsoni wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 282
diadema unicolor salvin & godman , 1877 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1877 : 144 , pl . 23 , f . 1 - 2 ; tl : duke of york i .
pithoeka bradleyi howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 71 ; tl : rennell i .
pithoeka ferruginea howarth , 1962 ; the natural history of the rennell and bellona is . ( 4 ) : 73 ; tl : bellona i .
sierra leone - cameroun , gabon , zaire , w . uganda ( bwamba valley )
salmacis insularis schultze , 1920 ; ergeb . 2tn . dt . zent . afrika exp . 1 ( 14 ) : 805 ; tl : fernando po
diadema saundersi wallace , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 4 ) : 282 ; tl : timor
e . kenya ( coastal ) , e . tanzania ( coastal ) . see [ maps ]
usambara ( ward , 1872 ) ( diadema ) ; ent . mon . mag . 9 : 148
diadema ruhama hewitson , 1872 ; ent . mon . mag . 9 : 84 ; tl : angola
hypolymnas [ sic ] poggii dewitz , 1879 ; nova acta leop . carol . ( 2 ) 41 ( 2 ) : 25 , pl . 2 , f . 2 ; tl : guinea
diadema macularia capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxliv ; tl : gabon
checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;
doctoral student ( gilbert labs ) . ; university of texas at austin , ; section of integrative biology , ; 1 university station c 0930 , ; austin , texas 78712 - 0253 . ; office : ( 512 ) 471 - 4506 ; cell : ( 512 ) 577 - 1370 ; fax : ( 512 ) 471 - 3878
butterflies of north america . 2 . scientific names list for butterfly species of north america , north of mexico .
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
results of dr . e . mjöberg ' s swedish scientific expeditions to australia . 1910 - 1913 . 21 . macrolepidoptera
voyage de découvertes de l ' astrolabe exécuté par ordre du roi , pendant les années 1826 - 1827 - 1828 - 1829 , sous le commandément de m . j . dumont d ' urville . faune entomologique de l ' océan pacifique , avec l ' illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage . lépidoptères in d ' urville ,
descriptions of some new species and a new genus of diurnal lepidoptera in the collection of herbert druce esq .
on a collection of lepidoptera obtained by the rev . s . j . whitmee from lifu ( loyalty group ) , with descriptions of new species
the lepidoptera collected during the recent expedition of h . m . s .
challenger .
list of lepidoptera collected by mr . h . o . forbes in the islands of timor laut
on a collection of lepidoptera made by mr . f . v . kirby chiefly portuguese e . africa
the butterflies of the malay peninsula . fourth edition revised by j . n . eliot with plates by bernard d ' abrera
the genera of diurnal lepidoptera , comprising their generic characters , a notice of their habitats and transformations , and a catalogue of the species of each genus ; illustrated with 86 plates by w . c . hewitson
review of australian butterflies : distribution , life history and taxonomy . pushlished by authors , melbourne
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
on a collection of lepidoptera made by he rev . g . brown of duke - of - york island and its neighbourhood
new species of butterflies collected by mr . c . m . woodford in the solomon islands
a list of the butterflies collected by mr . william bonny on the journey with mr . stanley from yambuya on the aruwimi river through the great forest of central africa ; with descriptions of nine new species
descriptions of ten new species of butterflies from the north - west coast of madagascar , captured by mr . j . t . last , in the collection of mr . h . grose smith
from new guinea ( parts i - iii ) - made by mr . w . doherty at humboldt bay , dutch new guinea , and in neighbouring islands , in the museum of the honourable walter rothschild at tring , with descriptions of new species
( 1902 ) , : ( ragadia - argyronympha - hypocysta ) : 1 - 6 , pl . [ 1 ] ( 1895 ) , [ 2 ]
illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson
lepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species
new lepidoptera collected by mr . t . a . barns , in east central africa . new forms of rhopalocera
systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition
des ritters carl von linné königlich schwedischen leib - arztes u . u . vollständiges natursystem nach der zwölften lateinischen ausgabe und nach anleitung des hollän - dischen houttuynischen werks mit einer ausfürlichen erklärung ausgefertigt
some formosan butterflies of new species , new race , new aberrant forms or little known species and forms . [ in japanese ]
on the lepidoptera in the tring museum sent by mr . a . s . meek from the admiralty islands , dampier and vulcan islands
kafferlandets dag - fjärilar , insamlade åren 1838 - 1845 af j . a . wahlberg / lepidoptera rhopalocera in terra caffrorum annis 1838 - 1845 collecta a j . a . wahlberg
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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here are links to some excellent images of the eight - spot ' s host plants taken by lauren gutirrez .
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no critical habitat rules have been published for the mariana eight - spot butterfly .
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javascript is turned off in your web browser . please turn it on to take full advantage of arctos , or try our html specimensearch option .
it seems these are more
available
lately . but i predict it ' s just temporary and will return to being an obscure species impossible to get
glad i got my pair when i did , i think all species from new caledonia will be hard to get in future , montrouzieri , amynthor and the like .
urltoken , a crowd - sourced science project . contribute to science and transcribe butterfly labels while playing a fun game .
japanese have now a permanent contact on taliabu . that ' s why dimona is now offered . with impressive recent delias discoveries ( d . kazueae , d . yagishi ' tai , d . apatela taliabu ) , a local butterfly business is now sustainable . dunc < very true , nc bans the trade of more and more species . . .
saundersii was for sale a few weeks ago from a guy in england on ebay without antenna but apart from that i have never seen it offered , dimona is still too expensive for me .
sold 3 of them in january at 100 € each . . . not so expensive .
sold 3 of them in january at 100 € each . . . not so expensive . wish i had known before i bought the teinopalpus aureus lot from greg , i would have bought a couple .
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chionaspidina is a subtribe of armored scale insects established by borchenius .

but unlike many of the subtribes recognized by borchenius , this one was found to be morphologically valid by takagi .

similarly , in molecular analysis , andersen et al. found a clade roughly corresponding to the subtribe chionaspidina .

geographical sampling and analysis indicated a number of unnamed species in the genus chionaspis and by inference in the chionaspidina .

chionaspidina

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chionaspis signoret 1868 : 871 . type species : coccus salicis linnaeus by subsequent designation cooley1899 : 3 , 9 - 10 . accepted valid name
phenacaspis cooley & cockerell 1899a : 398 . by subsequent designation . junior synonym ( takaha1956d : 48 )
marchaliella bodenheimer 1951 : 331 . type species : chionaspis lepineyi balachowsky . junior synonym ( danzigpe1998 : 205 )
chionapsis signoret ; mouillefert , 1903 in lindinger 1954 : 620 . . misspelling of genus name
general remarks : detailed treatment of north american chionaspis species by liu et al . ( 1989 ) .
biology : in some species of chionaspis occurring on deciduous trees , leaf - feeding individuals are remarkably different from conspecific bark - feeding ones in the shape of the median lobes and the leaf - associated forms are interpreted as seasonal manifestations of ancestral phenotypes ( takagi , 1985 ) .
systematics : takagi ( 1985 ) proposes the evolutionary scenario that chionaspis originated in eastern asia and invaded north america in a comparatively recent time . some species of chionaspis are phenotypically plastic for characters that have been used to define genera , specifically the shape of themedian lobes of the pygidium . individuals developing on bark can have very differently shaped lobes from those on leaves ( takagi , 1990b ) . in a phylogenetic analysis by morse and normark , 2006 , the six included species were scattered across five different places among the diaspididae .
balach1954e : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 170 , 171 , 317 - 318 , 3
bodenh1949 : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 30 , 40 - 41
chen1983 : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 6 - 7 , 63 - 66
dietzmo1916a : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 262 , 263 - 264 , 276
ferris1936a : illustration , taxonomy , pp . 21 , 22 , 24 , 42 , 54
ferris1937 : description , distribution , illustration , taxonomy , pp . si - 13 , si - 91 , si - 118
hall1946a : distribution , taxonomy , pp . 507 , 521 , 528 , 543 ,
liukorh1989 : description , distribution , host , taxonomy , pp . 11 - 18
macgil1921 : description , taxonomy , pp . 307 , 308 , 337 - 338
schmut1959 : description , illustration , taxonomy , pp . 176 , 228 - 229
takagi1961 : description , taxonomy , pp . 4 , 20 , 33 , 34
wang1982c : description , taxonomy , pp . 46 , 47 , 82 , 83 , 113
pinnaspis cockerell 1892d : 136 . type species : mytilaspis pandani comstock by subsequent designation fernal1903b : 242 . ( = aspidiotus buxi , bouché ) accepted valid name
chionaspis ( hemichionaspis ) cockerell 1897p : 592 . type species : chionaspis aspidistrae signoret by original designation . junior synonym ( lindin1913 : 78 )
jaapia lindinger 1914 : 158 . type species : mytilaspis uniloba kuwana by monotypy . junior synonym ( ferris1936a : 22 ) notes : lindinger ( 1914 ) created the new genus jaapia for mytilaspis ( lepidosaphes ) uniloba because the type species differed from lepidosaphes in having only one middle lobe , the perivaginal glands on the penultimate segment , 5 ventral chitinous stripes on the anal segment and by the absence of l2 .
lepidaspidis macgillivray 1921 : 275 . type species : mytilaspis uniloba kuwana by monotypy and original designation . junior synonym ( ferris1936a : 22 ) notes : ferris ( 1936a ) pointed out that macgillivray ( 1921 ) used the same type for his lepidaspidis as lindinger ( 1914 ) did for his jaapia .
systematics : the separation of pinnaspis and chionaspis is justifiable , but precise key characters are difficult to point out since chionaspis infringes somewhat on pinnaspis . however , in those species of chionaspis in which the median lobes are more or less fused or are closely appressed the submedian dorsal pore groups are present , or the elongate median sclerosis which yokes the median lobes in pinnaspis is lacking ( ferris , 1937 ) .
balach1954e : description , distribution , host , taxonomy , pp . 169 , 275 - 277
britto1923 : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 361 , 366 , 370
ferris1936a : illustration , taxonomy , pp . 21 , 22 , 25 , 59 , 63
fullaw1932 : distribution , taxonomy , pp . 97 , 98 , 101 , 104
leonar1920 : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 27 , 28 , 178 , 222
robins1917 : description , distribution , taxonomy , pp . 17 , 37 - 38 , 39
suh2014 : description , distribution , economic importance , host , illustration , structure , taxonomy , pp . 1 - 6
takagi2003 : description , structure , taxonomy , pp . 79 - 80 , 107
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chionaspis is a genus of scale insect . in 2011 geographical sampling and analysis indicated a number of unnamed species in the genus chionaspis .


callidrepana albiceris is a moth in the drepanidae family .

it is found in sundaland .

the habitat consists of hill dipterocarp forests , limestone forests , lower montane forests an lowland forests .

adults are whitish buff , the wings sparsely covered with very minute orange-brown atoms and a few larger black atoms .

there is a transverse brown band , composed of three lines close together from near the apex of the forewings , where there is a small brown patch with a pale centre , to the middle of the abdominal margin of the hindwings .

on the hindwings , the band is accompanied by some slight blackish suffusion , and is obsolete above vein 6 , and at the end of the cell .

touching the inner margin of the band is a rather prominent black spot and on both wings , there are submarginal black dots , close to the margin at the apex of forewings , widening from the margin hindwards .

callidrepana albiceris

bell ( ms ) has reared the species in s . india . the larva is velvety pale grey and dark brown in a variegated pattern , resembling a bird - dropping when lying along the midrib of a leaf or curled round on itself . there are paired fleshy tentacle - like processes subdorsally on t2 , t3 , a2 and a10 , curled , and often held adpressed against the body . the suranal process is similar , pointing out and up behind , also curled towards the extremity . the processes are tinged yellow . the ventrum is blackish . the pupa has two slightly divergent cylindrical processes on the head directed anteriorly ( illustrated for another species by wang ( 1995 ) ) . pupation is in a similar mode and position on the edge of a leaf to that of callidrepana species ( see callidrepana felder ) . the host - plant was schleichera ( sapindaceae ) .
. the bone - white ground colour with strong postmedial markings and dark forewing apex is distinctive .
single specimens have been taken in hill dipterocarp forest on g . mulu ( 150m ) and on the limestone g . api ( 250m ) , and two more in lower montane forest ( 900m ) on the latter . one has been taken in lowland forest at 300m in ulu temburong in brunei .
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both sexes are uniform rich brown , the female paler , larger . the discal spot is diagnostically narrow , faint , oblique . the male , but not the female , has the brown distal to the postmedials distinctly darker than that basal to them .
sundanian material differs from typical sulawesi material slightly in features of the male abdomen ( longer apodemes to the eighth sternite ) and genitalia ( narrower saccus , longer socii ) .
the species is infrequent and found in both lowland and montane forest : kerangas at 150m ( w . melinau gorge ) ; lower montane forest ( 900m in g . api , 1000m on g . mulu ) ; upper montane forest ( 1465 - 1618m on bukit retak ) .
hampson , 1893 , fauna br . india ( moths ) , 1 : 339 .
warren , 1922 , gross - schmett . erde , 10 : 471 , syn . n .
males are dark brown , lacking strong fasciation , and are also distinguished by the large , slightly paler , bilobed discal spot on the forewing and more conspicuous , irregular , pale submarginal patches on the hindwing . the female is larger , paler , with emphatic dark brown postmedials : the discal patch of the forewing is similar to that of the male though weaker . the sexual dimorphism is seen also in the falcation of the forewing : weak only in the male but emphatic in the female , with the margin generally more convex than in other species , contrasting with the acute , narrow apical hook . the black submarginal dots of the forewing are much nearer this margin in both sexes compared to other brown congeners .
the sexual dimorphism of this species led to females being described separately as praeusta . the structure of the male genitalia indicates affinity with the next species .
moore , 1879 , desc . new indian lepid . insects colln atkinson , p . 83 .
sspp . angusta , rotunda , celebesensis watson , 1957 : 439 - 441 .
and t microcrocea gaede are very similar , paler yellow than fulvata and with more general rufous shading . this is more extensive medially on the forewing in albonotata : microcrocea also has a dark patch of scales at the base of the forewing cell on the underside in the male and an elongate posterior cell spot on the upperside of the hindwing in both sexes that appears conspicuously darker than in albonotata . the yellow ground colour of albonotata is more intense .
india , nepal , vietnam ; sri lanka ( ssp . ferrea ) ; peninsular malaysia , sumatra , borneo ( ssp . angusta ) ; java , bali ( ssp . rotunda ) ; sulawesi ( ssp . celebesensis ) .
the species is frequent to common in lowland forests , but has not been noted in heath forest types .
walker , 1862 , list specimens lepid . insects colln br . mus . , 26 : 1570 .
borneo , peninsular malaysia , singapore , sumatra ( zsm ) , java , burma , india .
only three specimens have been taken in recent surveys , from 300m in ulu temburong , from 500m ( hill dipterocarp forest ) on g . mulu and from 1930m ( montane forest ) on g . kinabalu .
hampson , 1893 , illustr . typical specimens lepid . insects . colln . br . mus . , 9 : 68 .
warren , 1922 , gross - schmett . 10 : 471 , syn . n .
the pale ochreous brown wings of argenteola are distinguished by a very narrow discal brown streak on the forewing with fainter antemedial and postmedial bars flanking it in parallel : the veins posterior to these bars are picked out slightly paler . the postmedials are double and the forewings strongly falcate in both sexes . the female is larger than the male but similarly patterned .
all the taxa with synonymy above share strong , black sclerotisation of the valve processes and those of the eighth segment . the aedeagus is expanded into a black ring subapically . however , there is marked variation in the form of these structures throughout the range . the nominal subspecies occurs in sundaland .
oriental tropics to taiwan , the philippines ( ssp . dialitha ) , sulawesi ( ssp . celebensis ) and timor .
most records are from lowland forest , but single specimens were taken at 1200m and 1760m on g . kinabalu .
bell ( ms ) reared the species in india . the larva resembles a bird - dropping . it is anteriorly truncated , a fusiform shape , the suranal process short , triangular , acute . the head is bilobed . the skin has an oily gloss , and the setae are on tubercles on each segment that form part of a transverse tumidity . the colour is greenish black , streaked indistinctly with grey . a1 is dorsally black , and brownish yellow dorsolaterally . most dorsal tubercles are yellow - brown . white patches laterally on a7 extend up dorsally and , as a yellow band , to the anterior of a6 where there is a small , elongate , subdorsal orange red spot on each side . there are a few light yellow markings elsewhere . the larvae are found on the upperside of leaves , stretched along the midrib , but curling round tightly on themselves when alarmed . pupation is in a slight cradle at the edge of a leaf , pulled together with silk . the host - plant recorded by bell was mangifera ( anacardiaceae ) .
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oncaea venusta is a species of copepod with a cosmopolitan distribution , but lacking from the arctic ocean .

females are 1.1 – 1.3 millimetres ( 0.043 – 0.051 in ) long , while males are only 0.8 – 1.0 mm ( 0.031 – 0.039 in ) long .

the front of the head is unusually wide , and the body is brightly coloured , usually yellow – orange , but sometimes red .

o. venusta feeds on a variety of zooplankton and phytoplankton .

oncaea venusta

taxonomy note that in the database of marine planktonic copepods ( banyuls ) the two form variants of oncaea venusta , f . typica and f . . . .
taxonomy note that in the database of marine planktonic copepods ( banyuls ) the two form variants of oncaea venusta , f . typica and f . venella , which differ mainly in size , are presented as valid species . an intermediate size group of o . venusta has recently been described as a new species , oncaea frosti heron , 2002 . however , the morphological characterization of o . frosti is uncertain ( cf . böttger - schnack & huys , 2004 ) and the taxonomic status of the intermediate size group of oncaea venusta is still unresolved ( cf . elvers et al . , 2006 ) . [ details ]
( of antaria venusta ( philippi , 1843 ) ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of oncaea praeclara humes , 1988 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of oncaea pyriformis lubbock , 1860 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
see my comments on the taxonomic status of the form variants of o . venusta given in the database
world register of marine species ( worms )
.
issued from : p . tutasi , s . palma & m . caceres in scienc . mar . , 2011 , 75 ( 4 ) . [ p . 798 , fig . 7a ] geographic distribution of oncaea venusta in september and october 2001 , associated with the weak la niña event of 2001 .
( of oncaea coerulescens ( claus , 1866 ) ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 50 , table 2 ] . body length ( mm ) of oncaea venusta f . typica and venella from the red sea . .
issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 37 , fig . 7 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . male ( from red sea ) : a , p1 ( distal part of endopod ) ; b , p2 ( distal part of endopod ) ; c , p3 ( distal part of endopod ) . oncaea venusta f . venella . male ( from red sea ) : d , p1 ( distal part of endopod ) ; e , p2 ( distal part of endopod ) ; f , p3 ( distal part of endopod ) .
issued from : g . a . heron in hydrobiologia , 2002 , 480 . [ p . 153 , fig . 6 ] . female : pediger 2 - 4 and urosome ( lateral ) . a , oncaea venusta philippi ; b , oncaea frosti heron ; c , oncaea venella farran . nota : o . venusta is the largest of the three species . in preserved samples , it is rare to find either sex of the species where the urosome is not flexed at a 45° angle to the prosome , and the two postgenital segments and the anal seglment telescoped . exoskeleton strongly chitinized and ornamentation conspicuous ; pediger 2 without a conspicuous mid - dorsal dilationnin lateral view ; caudal ramus length variable , slightly shorter or longer than the sum of the three preceding segments . freshly collected specimens of o . venusta from the gulf of naples and new zeland areas both showed a purple - crimson shading on the widest portion of the prosome , posterior of genital segment , anterior of caudal rami , maxillipeds , and of the legs .
( of oncaea praeclara humes , 1988 ) humes , a . g . ( 1988 ) . oncaea praeclara n . sp . ( copepoda : poecilostomatoida ) from deep - sea hydrothermal vents in the eastern pacific . journal of plankton research 10 ( 3 ) : 475 - 485 , figs . 1 - 4 . [ details ]
issued from : g . a . boxshall in brit . mus . nat . hist . , zool . , 1977 , 31 ( 3 ) . [ p . 125 , fig . 11 , c , h ] . as oncaea venusta forma typica . female ( fro 18°n , 25°w ) : c , habitus ( dorsal ) ; h , mxp .
issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 51 , table 3 ] . comparison of morphological characters of oncaea venusta gisbrecht from the gulf of naples with two forms , f . typica and f . venella from the red sea .
( of oncaea praeclara humes , 1988 ) böttger - schnack , r . ( 2001 ) . taxonomy of oncaeidae ( copepoda , poecilostomatoida ) from the red sea . ii . seven species of oncaea s . str . bulletin of the natural history museum , london , zoology 67 ( 1 ) : 25 - 84 . page ( s ) : 52 [ details ]
non antaria gracilis dana , 1849 ; 1852 ; oncaea pyriformis lubbock , 1860 ; antaria coerulescens claus , 1866 ( p . 19 ) ; oncaea obtusa : brady , 1883 ( part . , p . 120 , figs . f , m ) ; thompson , 1888 d ( p . 148 ) ; kovalev & shmeleva , 1982 ( p . 85 ) ; oncäa venusta : giesbrecht , 1892 ( p . 590 , 602 , 774 , figs . f , m ) ; ? razouls , 1972 ( p . 95 , annexe : p . 111 , figs . f , m ) ; 1974 b ( p . 236 , figs . f , m ) ; oncaea praeclara humes , 1988 ( p . 475 , figs ; f , m ) ; suarez - morales & gasca , 1998 a ( p . 112 )
issued from : a . a . shmeleva in bull . inst . oceanogr . , monaco , 1965 , 65 ( n°1351 ) . [ table 6 : 42 ] . oncaea venusta ( from south adriatic ) . dimensions , volume and weight wet . means for 50 - 60 specimens . volume and weight calculated by geometrical method . assumed that the specific gravity of the copepod body is equal to 1 , then the volume will correspond to the weight .
issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 34 , fig . 4 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . female : a , p1 ( anterior ) [ a , 3rd endopod segment , showing aberrant spine number ) ; b , p2 ( anterior ) ; c , p3 ( anterior ) ; d , p4 ( anterior ) .
issued from : g . a . heron in hydrobiologia , 2002 , 480 . [ p . 152 , table 1 ] . length measurements ( : body length , pl : prosome length , in mm ) for adult females and males of oncaea venusta , o . frosti and o . venella . data are mean lengths ( bold ) , number of specimens measured ( parentheses ) , ranges , and standard error ( se ) at each locality ; - , no specimens .
issued from : y . - b . go , b . - c . oh & m . terazaki in j . mar . syst . , 1998 , 15 . [ p . 480 , fig . 4 ] . attacking behaviors of oncaea spp . on the body of sagitta ( chaetognatha ) . fvl : head trunk in front fins ; vg : ventral ganglion ; cs : caudal septum nota : direct underwater observations with scuba were performed at night . the attack behavior of oncaea started mostly below the stationary sagitta in the field . the attack distance at which oncaea spp . approached sagitta from below was about 5 - 6 cm ; the attacking behavior from the upper side of sagitta was observed only occasionally , and the attack distance was about 1 - 3 cm . this behaviour suggests that oncaea is not a touch feeder . the attachment sites of oncaea on the body of sagitta spp . were for a total of 320 individuals : ventral side 56 . 3 % , lateral side 32 . 8 % and dorsal side 10 . 9 % . oncaea crept directly to the chaetognath tail or the head region using their second antennae , and pierced the body of chaetognaths with the long claw of the maxilliped , and moved maxillae and mandibles . the chaetognaths did not move at all when this copepod was crawling on the body .
common in the ? samples taken in the vicinity of the vents by means of box corers and slurp guns ? ( humes 1988 ) . oncaea sp . has been found in plankton over the mid - atlantic ridge among dirivultids and subadult calanoids ( ivanenko 1998 ) . most of more than 70 species of oncaea occur in the epipelagic zone , several species have been found in the deep bathypelagic zone . go et al . ( 1998 ) recently reported that oncaea feeds on the integuments of various planktonic animals and inflicts especially heavy injuries to chaetognaths ; the copepods of this group ? must gnaw or cut out pieces of host integument with their mandibles . to do this , they adhere tightly to the host by means of their antennae and maxillipeds ? ( heptner & ivanenko 2002 ) .
issued from : j . m . fuentes - reinés & e . suarez - morales in check list , 2017 , 13 ( 5 ) . [ p . 515 , figs . 4 , 5 ] . oncaea venusta female ( from rodadero bay , n colombia ) : 4 , urosome ( dorsal ) ; 5 , anal somite and caudal rami ( dorsal ) . nota : genital double - somite about 1 . 8 times as long as wide . - anal somite with paired dorsal pore on posterior margin . - caudal ramus about 3 . 5 times as long as wide .
issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 44 ] . as oncäa venusta . female : 44 , mxp .
issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 33 , fig . 3 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . female : a , a2 ( posterior ; lateral elements are numbered using roman numerals , distal elements indicated by capital letters ) ; b , labrum ( anterior , slit - like pores arrowed ) ; c , idem ( posterior ) ; d , md ( showing individual elements , identified using capital letters ) ; e , mx1 ; f , mx2 ; g , mxp .
issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 2 ] . as oncäa venusta . male : 2 , urosome ( ventral ) .
issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 36 , fig . 6 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . male ( from red sea ) : a , habitus ( dorsal ; arrows indicating position of lateral raised pores ) ; b , a1 ; c , mxp ( anterior ) ; d , urosome ( dorsal ) ; e , idem ( ventral ) ; f , idem ( lateral ; spermatophores fylly developed ) ; g , p5 ( dorsal ) ; h , a2 ( posterior ) .
issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 19 ] . as oncäa venusta . female : 19 , a2 ( posterior view ) .
issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , fig . 39 ] . as oncäa venusta . female : 39 , p4 ( posterior view ) .
issued from : r . böttger - schnack in bull . nat . hist . mus . lond . ( zool . ) , 2001 , 67 ( 1 ) . [ p . 32 , fig . 2 ] . oncaea venusta f . typica . female ( from red sea ) : a , habitus ( dorsal ; lateral raised pore enlarged ) ; b , idem ( lateral left side ) ; c , urosome ( dorsal ) ; d , idem ( lateral left side ) ; e , a1 ( small sensory element arrowed ) ; f , caudal ramus ( dorsal ; setae and numbered using roman numerals ) ; g , p6 .
issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , figs . 50 , 54 , 58 ] . as oncäa venusta . female : 50 , mx2 ; 54 , mx1 ; 58 , md .
issued from : w . giesbrecht in systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . – fauna flora golf . neapel , 1892 , 19 : 1 - 831 , atlas von 54 tafeln . [ taf . 47 , figs . 5 , 13 ] . as oncäa venusta . female : 5 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 13 , same ( lateral ) .
( of oncaea pyriformis lubbock , 1860 ) giesbrecht , w . 1893 . systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . fauna und flora des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte , herausgegeben von der zoologischen station zu neapel 19 : 1 - 831 , pls . 1 - 54 . ( 1892 ) page ( s ) : 590 , 592 [ details ]
( of oncaea coerulescens ( claus , 1866 ) ) giesbrecht , w . 1893 . systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . fauna und flora des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte , herausgegeben von der zoologischen station zu neapel 19 : 1 - 831 , pls . 1 - 54 . ( 1892 ) page ( s ) : 590 , 592 [ details ]
issued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 3 ] . as oncaea praeclara . female : a , area between mxp and p1 ( ventral ) ; b , idem ( lateral ) ; c , p1 and intercoxal plate ( anterior ) ; d , p2 ( anterior ) ; e , p3 ( anterior ) ; e , p3 ; f , p4 ( anterior ) ; g , p5 ( dorsal ) .
issued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 2 ] . as oncaea praeclara . female : a , urosome with egg sac ( lateral ) ; b , rostrum and labrum ( ventral ) ; c , a1 ( postero - inner ) ; d , a2 ( antero - outer ) ; e , md ( anterior view ) ; f , paragnaths , mx1 and labial area ( ventral ) ; g , mx2 ( antero - outer ) ; h , mxp ( anterior ) ; i , claw of mxp ( posterior ) .
issued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 4 ] . as oncaea praeclara . male : a , habitus ( dorsal ) ; b , idem ( lateral ) ; c , urosome ( ventral ) ; d , 3rd segment of a2 ( postero - inner ) ; e , mxp ( anterior ) ; g , spermatophore , partly extruded from male ( ventral ) . nota : p5 reduced to low ridge bearing 2 setae ( lengths 23 and 36 microm . ) , and 1 adjacent ( length 31 microm . p6 represented by posteroventral flap on genital segment bearing spiniform process but no setae
issued from : a . g . humes in j . plankton res . , 1988 , 10 ( 3 ) . [ p . 477 , fig . 1 ] . as oncaea praeclara . female ( from galapagos rift ) : a , habitus ( dorsal ) ; b , idem ( lateral ) ; c , urosome ( dorsal ) ; d , genital area ( lateral ) ; e , caudal ramus ( dorsal ) . nota : ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome 1 . 49 : 1 . caudal ramus with fine setules along the inner margin , elongate , 125 microm . length , 23 microm . wide proximally ( 17 medially and 20 distally , ratio 6 . 7 : 1 based on medial width
epi - to mesopelagic , also demersal and semi - parasitic . sampling depth ( antarct . , sub - antarct . ) : 400 m . overall depth range in sargasso sea : 0 - 500 m ( deevey & brooks , 1977 , station
s
) . 0 - 1236 m at station t - 1 ( e tori is , e middle japan ) from furuhashi ( 1966 a ) . this species presents 2 forms ( sub - species ? ) that are characterised by their dimensions . sewell ( 1947 ) suggests also that their spawning season is different . for this author the forma typica is characterized by : the proportional lengths of the anterior and posterior regions of the body as 59 : 41 , and the length and breadth of the anterior region are as 59 to 29 . . the proportional lengths of the segments of the posterior region ( 5th thoracic segment to caudal rami ) as 13 : 46 : 7 : 7 : 9 : 18 . in the forma venella the proportional lengths of the anterior and posterior regions of the body as 60 to 40 , and the length and breadth of the anterior region as 60 to 24 . the proportional lengths of the segments of the posterior region ( 5th thoracic segment to caudal rami ) as 13 : 43 : 7 : 8 : 9 : 20 = 100 . the proportions of the caudal rami are as 23 to 6 . for tanaka ( 1960 , p . 71 ) the two forrms : large and small , are present in his material . female : the proportional lengths of the anterior and posterior regions of the body are as 57 to 43 . the anterior region is 1 . 7 times as long as wide ( 63 : 37 ) . the proportional lengths of the segments of the posterior region ( caudal rami included ) as 13 : 48 : 5 : 5 : 9 : 20 = 100 . caudal rami 4 times as long as broad . heron ( 2002 ) considers the two varieties o . venusta typica and o . venusta venella as two species ( see remarks in oncaea venella and frosti ) , position objected to by böttger - schnack & huys ( 2004 ) . after kazkazmi ( 2004 , p . 232 ) , although free living and pelagic , the species has been found on fish gills ( kazatchenko & adeev , 1977 ) or in a sponge ( ho , 1984 ) and now from the sand ( kazmi & naushaba , 2000 ) . see in dvp conway & al . , 2003 ( version 1 )
philippi , a . ( 1843 ) . fernere beobachtungen uber die copepoden des mittelmeeres . archiv fur naturgeschichte . 9 ( 1 ) : 54 - 71 , pls . 3 - 4 . [ details ]
walter , t . c . & boxshall , g . ( 2018 ) . world of copepods database .
boxshall , g . ( 2001 ) . copepoda ( excl . harpacticoida ) , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 252 - 268 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
revis , n . & e . n . okemwa ( 1988 ) . additional records of species of copepods and their distribution in the coastal and inshore waters of kenya . kenya journal of sciences series b 9 : 123 - 127 . [ details ]
giesbrecht , w . 1893 . systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . fauna und flora des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte , herausgegeben von der zoologischen station zu neapel 19 : 1 - 831 , pls . 1 - 54 . ( 1892 ) page ( s ) : 592 [ details ]
webber , w . r . ; fenwick , g . d . ; bradford - grieve , j . m . ; eagar s . g . ; buckeridge , j . s . ; poore , g . c . b . ; dawson , e . w . ; watling , l . ; jones , j . b . ; wells , j . b . j . ; bruce , n . l . ; ahyong , s . t . ; larsen , k . ; chapman , m . a . ; olesen , j . ; ho , j . ; green , j . d . ; shiel , r . j . ; rocha , c . e . f . ; lörz , a . ; bird , g . j . ; charleston , w . a . ( 2010 ) . phylum arthropoda subphylum crustacea : shrimps , crabs , lobsters , barnacles , slaters , and kin , in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) ( 2010 ) . new zealand inventory of biodiversity : 2 . kingdom animalia : chaetognatha , ecdysozoa , ichnofossils . pp . 98 - 232 . [ details ]
suárez - morales , e . , j . w . fleeger , and p . a . montagna . ( 2009 ) . free - living copepoda ( crustacea ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 841–869 in felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college statio [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
wilson , c . b . ( 1932 ) . the copepods of the woods hole region , massachusetts . bulletin of the united states national museum . 158 : 1 - 635 , figs . 1 - 316 , pls . 1 - 41 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of antaria coerulescens claus , 1866 ) walter , chad . the world of copepods . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of antaria coerulescens claus , 1866 ) giesbrecht , w . 1893 . systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . fauna und flora des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte , herausgegeben von der zoologischen station zu neapel 19 : 1 - 831 , pls . 1 - 54 . ( 1892 ) page ( s ) : 590 , 592 [ details ]
intergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
lee cnw . ( 2002 ) . the ecology of planktonic copepods and hyperbenthic communities in the cape ' d aguilar marine reserve , hong kong . phd thesis . the university of hong kong . [ details ]
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issued from : f . c . ramirez in contr . inst . biol . mar . , buenos aires , 1969 , 98 . [ p . 90 , lam . xviii , figs . 148 , 157 ] . female ( from off mar del plata ) : 148 , habitus ( lateral left side ) ; 157 , a2 . scale bars in mm : 0 . 3 ( 148 ) ; 0 . 05 ( 157 ) .
issued from : f . c . ramirez in contr . inst . biol . mar . , buenos aires , 1969 , 98 . [ p . 86 , lam . xvii , figs . 138 , 145 ] . female ( from off mar del plata ) : 138 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 145 , urosome ( dorsal ) . scale bars in mm : 2 ( 138 ) ; 0 . 2 ( 145 ) .
issued from : q . - c chen & s . - z . zhang & c . - s . zhu in studia marina sinica , 1974 , 9 . [ pl . 6 , figs . 1 - 5 ] . female ( from off - shore chekiang province ) : 1 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 2 , p3 ; 3 , p4 . male : 4 , habitus ( dorsal ) ; 5 , posterior portion of abdomen .
issued from : r . böttger - schnack & r . huys in hydrobiologia , 2004 , 513 . [ p . 3 , table 1 ] . total body length ( mm ) of size variants of female in different areas of the atlantic , indian and pacific ocean . size groups exhibiting a dorsal swelling on the p2 - bearing somite are marked in bold . * = single specimen .
issued from : g . a . boxshall in brit . mus . nat . hist . , zool . , 1977 , 31 ( 3 ) . [ p . 124 ] . female : armature formula of swimming legs p1 to p4 . roman numeral : spine ; arabic numeral : seta .
issued from : g . a . boxshall in brit . mus . nat . hist . , zool . , 1977 , 31 ( 3 ) . [ p . 126 , fig . 12 , a - d ] . male : a , urosome ( ventral ) ; b , a2 ( anterior ) ; c , mx1 ( posterior ) ; d , mxp ( anterior ) . nota : caudal rami about 1 . 8 times longer than anal somite and about 2 . 2 times longer than broad . a1 4 - segmented . mx1 bilobed ; outer lobe with 4 setae , the outermost seta is slender and unarmed ; inner lobe with 3 setae .
issued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 185 , fig . 1 ] . female ( from yellow sea , korea waters ) : a - b , habitus ( dorsal and lateral , respectively ) ; c , a1 ; d , a2 ; e , md ( with 6 elements indicated by small letters ) ; f , mx1 ; g , mx2 ; h , mxp ; i , p5 ; j , p6 . nota : a1 6 - segmented . md : gnathobase with 5 elements ( a - e ) ; ventral element a shorter than ventral blade , with long , fine spinules along dorsal side ; ventral blade b strong and extensive spiniform , with row of setules on posterior part ; dorsal blade c strong and broad , with 3 dentiform processes along distal margin ; 2 dorsal elements setiform , of which ventral one d shorter , flat and densely setose , dorsalmost one e longer and multipinnate . mx1 single segmented , weakly bilobed : inner lobe ( = praecoxal arthrite ) with 3 elements and outer lobe with 4 elements ( outermost one long spiniform having row of spinules ) . mx2 2 - segmented : syncoxa unarmed ; allobasis produced distally into slightly curved claw bearing 2 rows of very strong spinules along medial margin ; outer margin with strong seta extending almost to tip of allobasal claw , ornamented with few minute spinules distally ; inner margin with slender pinnate seta and strong spine . mxp 4 - segmented , composed of syncoxa , basis extensive and robust , with 2 spiniform spinulose elements nearly equal in length and patches of long setules on inner margin ; 1st endopodal segment without ornamentation ; 2nd one with spinulose claw along concave margin , naked seta on outer proximal margin and unipectinate spine joined to inner margin . proportional lenths ( % ) of urosomal segments and caudal rami 9 . 52 : 47 . 6 : 6 . 7 : 9 . 52 : 20 . 0 . p5 with small plumose growing from lateral surface of somite , and small free exopod without ornamentation , exopod slightly longer than wide , bearing 2 naked setae . p6 expressed as operculum around each genital aperture with spine . caudal rami about 3 times as long as wide with 6 elements .
issued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 186 , fig . 2 ] . female : a - d , p1 to p4 .
issued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 185 , fig . 1 ] . female : armature formula , spines ( roman numerals ) and setae ( arabic numerals ) .
issued from : j . h . wi , h . - l suh , h . s . yang & h . y . soh in ocean sci . j . , 2008 , 43 ( 4 ) . [ p . 188 , fig . 3 ] . male : a - b , habitus ( dorsal and lateral , respectively ) ; c , a1 ; d , a2 ; e , mxp ; f - i , endopods of p1 to p4 , respectively ; j , p5 . nota : a1 4 - segmented ; distal segment corresponding to fused segments 4 - 6 of female ; a2 coxobasis having naked and short seta at innerdistal corner ; distal endopodal segment with seta iii more stout than in female , seta iv spiniform and curved , both elements shorter than in female . p6 expressed as posterolateral flap closing off genital aperture on either side ; covered by minute denticles .
issued from : c . razouls in th . doc . etat fac . sc . paris vi , 1972 , annexe . [ fig . 66 ] . female ( from banyuls , g . of lion ) : a , urosome ; b , mxp ; c , a1 ; d , a2 ; e , p4 ; f , endopodite of p3 ; g , p1 ; h , p2 .
issued from : c . razouls in th . doc . etat fac . sc . paris vi , 1972 , annexe . [ fig . 67 ] . male : a , urosome ; b , a2 ; c , mxp .
issued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 34 , fig . 14 , e - l ] female : e , habitus ( lateral ) [ q ] ; f , same ( dorsal ) [ q ] ; g , anterior of prosome ( ventral ) [ r ] ; h , right a2 [ s ] ; i , labrum ( ventral ) [ u ] ; j , right md [ u ] ; k , left mx1 [ u ] ; l , right mx2 [ w ] . scale bars : see p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets .
issued from : g . a . heron & j . m . bradford - grieve in new zealand oceanogr . inst memoir 104 . niwa , 1995 . [ p . 35 , fig . 15 , a - j ] female : a , right mxp [ s ] ; b , p1 [ y ] ; c , p2 [ y ] ; d , p3 [ y ] ; e , p4 [ y ] ; f , p5 [ s ] . male : g , habitus ( lateral ) [ q ] ; h , same ( dorsal ) [ q ] ; i , 3rd segment of right a2 [ s ] ; j , left mxp [ s ] . scale bars : see p . 13 , fig . 2 . letter in brackets .
issued from : s . - h . hsiao , j . - s . hwang & t . - h . fang in crustaceana , 2010 , 83 ( 2 ) . [ p . 184 , table i ] . copepods collected from the sea around northern taiwan and from southern east china sea extending to the okinawa trough , to study possible spatial heterogeneity . the content of the same metal shows considerable variation both intra - and inter - specifically . the metal concentrations in males are higher than in females . copepod metal quota display spatial variation : coastal water > southern east china sea > kuroshio water , suggesting that the metal contents of copepods are influenced by the water quality of their marine environment .
issued from : s . - h . hsiao , s . kâ , t . - h . fang & j . - s . hwang in hydrobiologia , 2011 , 666 . [ p . 326 , fig . 6 ] . variations in the most abundant copepod species ( mean ± se ) along the transect in the boundary waters between the northern part taiwan strait and the east china sea i march ( black bar ) and october ( grey bar ) 2005 ( mann - whitney u test , sig . * p < 0 . 05 . see drawings of hydrological conditions and superficial marine currents in calanus sinicus .
cosmopolite ( equatorial , tropical , sub - tropical , temperate ) . from north pacific , also : bering sea , gulf of alaska ; from south : se australia , new zealand . from the north atlantic it seems with difficulty reach the latitude 45° , although noted from east nova scotia ( in sameoto & al . , 2002 ) , from labrador and north hudson bay ( in wilson , 1936 d ) ; from the south of south africa and buenos aires , brazil ( s , off rio de janeiro , vitoria bay , ubatuba , off macaé , paranagua estuary , camamu , off natal ) , in antarctic ( weddell sea in voronina & kolosova ( 1999 ) , sub - antarctic ( indiian , se pacif . ) , arctic . ( continent ) , also : hawaii ( kaneohe bay ) , clipperton is . , galapagos rift , e pacif . rise , baja california ( bahia magdalena ) , g . of california ( guaymas basin ) , coyuca lagoon ( guerrero ) , acapulco bay , caribbean colombia , rodadero bay , w costa rica , g . of mexico , off mississipi river mouth , off bermuda ( station
s
) , delaware bay ( outside ) , bahia cupica ( colombi ) , peru , chile ( n , concepcion ) , australia ( north west cape ) , e korea , cheju island , china seas ( yellow sea , east china sea , south china sea , changjiang river estuary ) , off sw taiwan , taiwan strait , taiwan ( s , ne , e : kuroshio & oyashio currents ) , kueishan is . , korea strait , japan , kuchinoerabu is . , sagami bay , tosa bay , tokyo bay , malaysia ( sarawak : bintulu coast ) , se india ( mallipayyinam - manamelkudi , mediterranean sea ( black sea included ) , g . of guinea , off lagos , red sea
502 ? ( probably less because inadequacy précision with o . venella , if it is maintened )
razouls c . , de bovée f . , kouwenberg j . et desreumaux n . , 2005 - 2018 . - diversity and geographic distribution of marine planktonic copepods . sorbonne université , cnrs . available at urltoken [ accessed july 09 , 2018 ]
author of the drawing is ernst haeckel . original uploader was pabouk at en . wikipedia . ( different older version was uploaded by boston at en . wikipedia . )
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philippi , a . ( 1843 ) . fernere beobachtungen uber die copepoden des mittelmeeres . < em > archiv fur naturgeschichte . < / em > 9 ( 1 ) : 54 - 71 , pls . 3 - 4 .
boxshall , g . ( 2001 ) . copepoda ( excl . harpacticoida ) , < b > < i > in < / i > < / b > : costello , m . j . < i > et al . < / i > ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . < i > european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , < / i > 50 : pp . 252 - 268
giesbrecht , w . 1893 . systematik und faunistik der pelagischen copepoden des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte . fauna und flora des golfes von neapel und der angrenzenden meeres - abschnitte , herausgegeben von der zoologischen station zu neapel 19 : 1 - 831 , pls . 1 - 54 . ( 1892 )
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . < em > china science press . < / em > 1267 pp .
revis , n . & e . n . okemwa ( 1988 ) . additional records of species of copepods and their distribution in the coastal and inshore waters of kenya . kenya journal of sciences series b 9 : 123 - 127 .
suárez - morales , e . , j . w . fleeger , and p . a . montagna . ( 2009 ) . free - living copepoda ( crustacea ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 841–869 in felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m press , college statio
webber , w . r . ; fenwick , g . d . ; bradford - grieve , j . m . ; eagar s . g . ; buckeridge , j . s . ; poore , g . c . b . ; dawson , e . w . ; watling , l . ; jones , j . b . ; wells , j . b . j . ; bruce , n . l . ; ahyong , s . t . ; larsen , k . ; chapman , m . a . ; olesen , j . ; ho , j . ; green , j . d . ; shiel , r . j . ; rocha , c . e . f . ; lörz , a . ; bird , g . j . ; charleston , w . a . ( 2010 ) . phylum arthropoda subphylum crustacea : shrimps , crabs , lobsters , barnacles , slaters , and kin , in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) ( 2010 ) . new zealand inventory of biodiversity : 2 . kingdom animalia : chaetognatha , ecdysozoa , ichnofossils . pp . 98 - 232 .
wilson , c . b . . ( 1932 ) the copepods of the woods hole region , massachusetts . bulletin of the united states national museum 158 : 1 - 635 , figs . 1 - 316 , pls . 1 - 41 . ( 16 - viii - 1932 )
wilson , c . b . . ( 1932 ) . the copepods of the woods hole region , massachusetts . bulletin of the united states national museum 158 : 1 - 635 , figs . 1 - 316 , pls . 1 - 41 . ( 16 - viii - 1932 )
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .


cleora repetita is a species of moth of the family geometridae .

it is found from sundaland to australia and the solomon islands .

the wingspan is about 40 mm .

adults are greyish brown with a dark wavy line across each wing .

the larvae feed on terminalia , premna , persea ( including persea americana ) , callistemon ( including callistemon saligna ) , eucalyptus ( including eucalyptus pilularis ) , fenzlia ( including fenzlia obtusa ) and flindersia ( including flindersia australis ) species .

cleora repetita

the adult moth is greyish brown with a dark wavy lines across each wing . the moth has a wingspan of about 4 cms .
volume 5 , part 1 ( 2012 ) , pp . 79 - 100 , figs . 22 a , b
the species can be distinguished from bornean congeners by the straightness of the forewing postmedial : in all other species it is angled at least weakly distally to the discal spot . the tornal angle of the forewing is darker than the rest of the wing ; in many of the other species it tends to be paler . the underside is uniform , grading darker narrowly at the margin , with the discal spots also darker . the build is relatively slender . the facies is variable .
the species is most frequently encountered in the lowlands , with some preference for disturbed or open habitats .
bigger ( 1988 ) described the larva as khaki - coloured with a conspicuous white - edged black spot dorsally on a2 . in the solomons it was recorded from terminalia ( combretaceae ) and premna ( verbenaceae ) . host plants recorded in australia ( common , 1990 ) are : persea ( lauraceae ) ; callistemon , eucalyptus , fenzlia ( myrtaceae ) ; flindersia ( rutaceae ) .
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when i first discovered this macro world of amazing color and design i never expected that 22 months later i would still be posting so many different types of moths and bugs . . . . many of these creatures are only fingernail size which with the aid of an 18mp sony hx20v camera and photoshop it has been possible to present them to the world . to the naked eye they appear as dark shapes which most people would not notice . . . all these pictures are taken at night on our upper balcony and none of them have been harmed . we live next to a rainforest which may account for the amazing variety . . . . . i hope you enjoy them , and thanks in advance for any views & comments . .
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butler , a . g . 1886 ,
descriptions of 21 new genera and 103 new species of lepidoptera heterocera from the australian region
, transactions of the entomological society of london , vol . 1886 , no . 4 , pp . 381 - 441 , pls 9 - 10
guenée , a . in boisduval , j . - a . & guenée , a . ( eds ) 1857 , vol . 10 , no . 2 , pp . 584 pp . , librarie encyclopédique de roret , paris
warren , w . 1896 ,
new species of drepanulidae , thyrididae , uraniidae , epilemidae , and geometridae in the tring museum
, novitates zoologicae , vol . 3 , pp . 335 - 419
moore , f . 1887 , vol . 3 , pp . 393 - 578 & i - xv , l . reeve & co . , london
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 08c2576a - 616c - 47a4 - ab2c - c571e0841a81
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ea0bf813 - 0afb - 4102 - 810a - dcaef4e8622d
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ee50ef75 - 2920 - 49b2 - 8d95 - 0539fa5db6d3
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ce814c9b - 5ecb - 4020 - a900 - 657e7da5d74d
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 505513
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oliva reticularis , common name the netted olive , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family olividae , the olives .

oliva reticularis

( of oliva reticularis reticularis lamarck , 1811 ) vervaet f . & recourt p . pers . com . , january 2010 [ details ]
( of oliva reticularis ernesti petuch , 1990 ) vervaet f . & recourt p . pers . com . , january 2010 [ details ]
1934 _ - _ clench _ - _ a _ new _ subspecies _ of _ oliva _ reticularis _ from _ southern _ florida . pdf
( of oliva reticularis ernesti petuch , 1990 ) hunon c . , hoarau a . & robin a . ( 2009 ) olividae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) revue exhaustive des espèces récentes du genre oliva / a complete survey of recent species of the genus oliva
oliva ( oliva ) vermiculata gray , j . e . , 1858 : aruba ; curaçao
( of oliva reticularis reticularis lamarck , 1811 ) lamarck [ j . b . m . de ] . ( 1811 ) . suite de la détermination des espèces de mollusques testacés . annales du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 16 : 300 - 328 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : page 314 , species 16 . [ details ]
oliva sayana ravenel , 1834 lettered olive oliva sayana ravenel , 1834 corded form . large specimen . corded specimen . . . oliva sayana ravenel , 1834 - orange form . gold [ form citrina johnson , 1911 ]
( of oliva reticularis ernesti petuch , 1990 ) petuch e . j . ( 1990 ) . a new molluscan faunule from the caribbean coast of panama . the nautilus . 104 ( 2 ) : 57 - 71 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
oliva sayana citrina oliva sayana citrina . johnson , 1911 , citrine olive . taxonomic information . class , gastropoda . order , caenogastropoda . superfamily , volutacea
oliva sayana oliva sayana . ravenel , 1834 , lettered olive , se usa . taxonomic information . class , gastropoda . order , caenogastropoda . superfamily , volutacea
the paleobiology database family , olividae , latreille 1825 . genus , oliva , bruguière 1789 . species , sayana taxonomic history . no taxonomic history is available for oliva sayana .
sanibel shells : bailey - matthews shell museum video clip of live oliva sayana taken from mollusks in action video . return to oliva sayana . © the bailey - matthews shell museum .
lettered olive : oliva sayana kingdom : animal phylum : molluscs class : gastropoda order : family : genus : oliva species : sayana . description : . lettered olive , photo by david byres
lettered olive seashells oliva sayana oliva sayana commonly found along the west coast florida . if found live or fresh dead the shell can have a great shiny luster . this often fades as the shell
oliva ( strephona ) finlayi petuch , e . j . & d . m . sargent , 1986 : cuba
oliva ( strephona ) antillensis petuch , e . j . & d . m . sargent , 1986 : haiti ; virgins
( of oliva formosa marrat , 1870 ) vervaet f . & recourt p . pers . com . , january 2010 [ details ]
state shell - lettered olive urltoken lettered olive shell , the lettered olive , oliva sayana , was designated the official shell of the state by act no . 360 , 1984 .
south carolina symbols , shell : lettered olive the lettered olive , oliva sayana , was designated the official shell of the state by act no . 360 , 1984 . dr . edmund ravenel of charleston , south carolina
rosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garcía , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579–699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
lamarck [ j . b . m . de ] . ( 1811 ) . suite de la détermination des espèces de mollusques testacés . annales du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 16 : 300 - 328 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : page 314 , species 16 . [ details ]
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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f + + + , extremely nice specimen found by p . williams ! rare !
the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .
photos of the lettered olive , scientific classification and general information on habitat and range . .
these are photographs of my lettered olive collection . to date , i do not own any of the brown olive species ( it is not noted to commonly wash onshore ) . it ' s beautiful marble - like appearance makes it one of my favorite shells .
unusually dark variety found on the beach . enlarge images to 320 pixels by clicking thumbnails
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lamarck [ j . b . m . de ] . ( 1811 ) . suite de la détermination des espèces de mollusques testacés . < em > annales du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . < / em > 16 : 300 - 328 .