the olive-brown oriole ( oriolus melanotis ) , or sunda oriole , is a species of bird in the family oriolidae .

it is endemic to the islands of the lesser sundas .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests .

olive - brown oriole

select an image : 1 . olive - brown oriole 2 . olive - brown oriole > > male 3 . olive - brown oriole 4 . olive - brown oriole > > female 5 . olive - brown oriole > > male 6 . olive - brown oriole > > male 7 . olive - brown oriole > > male 8 . olive - brown oriole > > male
olive - brown oriole ( oriolus melanotis ) is a species of bird in the oriolidae family .
the olive - brown oriole is classified as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category .
* olive - brown oriole ( oriolus melanotis melanotis ) - image . * olive - brown oriole ( oriolus melanotis ) - text . * orchard oriole ( icterus spurius ) - image . * oriolus chinensis - images . * oriolus cruentus - image . * oriolus flavocinctus - image . * oriolus oriolus - images . * oriolus oriolus - pirol - text und abbildung . * oriolus xanthornus - image . more
of eastern and central north america , having bright orange and black plumage in the male and olive brown plumage in the female . it was formerly considered a subspecies of the northern oriole .
olive - brown oriole is quite similar to the local helmeted friarbird but the male is less so , while on timor , where the nominate race of this oriole occurs , the female is again quite similar to the helmeted friarbird but the male is not . in australia , however , where both the olive - backed oriole and the green oriole overlap in range with the helmeted friarbird , there is no mimicry . it seems clear that the orioles mimic the friarbirds , rather than vice versa . more
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the alternative genus xanthonotus , originally described by c . l . bonaparte , in 1854 , has been used to group the dark - throated oriole ( oriolus xanthonotus ) , the philippine oriole and the isabela oriole , the first two of which were considered by sibley and monroe to be sister - species . the subspecies albilorus of the philippine oriole has sometimes been elevated to the rank of a full species , but in other treatments the philippine oriole , including albiloris , has been considered a subspecies of the dark - throated oriole .
relationship with man several oriolids , among them the eurasian golden oriole , the eastern black - headed oriole and the australasian figbird , occasionally cause damage to fruit crops in gardens and orchards , and have consequently been persecuted . it is very likely that other oriole species have met the same fate .
oriole clutches vary from one egg to six , but the average is about two to three eggs , usually laid at intervals of 1–2 days . the eggs measure approximately 2 × 3 cm and weigh 5–10 g . they are sometimes white or pinkish - white but mostly some sort of creamy colour , with reddish , brownish , purplish , greyish and blackish spots and streaks , these markings usually concentrated at the obtuse end . the eggs of figbirds , however , are duller , having a greyish - green to olive - brown ground colour .
wetar oriole ( o . m . finschi ) - hartert , 1904 : originally described as a separate species . found on wetar and atauro islands
timor oriole ( o . m . melanotis ) - bonaparte , 1850 : originally described as a separate species . found on timor , rote and semau islands
nestlings of the eurasian golden oriole begin to preen and to exercise their wings when they are about 10–12 days old , which is the time when most down feathers start to be replaced with adult feathers . a few days later , some leave the nest and perch in the immediate surroundings , including the ground . they start to fly when 16–20 days old , after which the young stay with the parents in family groups for a few weeks , or perhaps even months , feeding by the parents eventually ceasing altogether . orioles probably breed for the first time at the age of 2–3 years , as demonstrated for the eurasian golden oriole .
studies of eurasian golden orioles have revealed that this species can exhibit site - fidelity over several years . in a few cases , ringing has confirmed that both male and female returned to the same territory year after year . usually the pair chooses a new nesting site , but occasionally it will occupy the same nesting tree or , indeed , the same branch , and it may even reuse materials from the previous year’s nest or , rarely , the orioles will use the old nest , merely repairing it with some new material . both the eastern black - headed oriole and the eurasian golden oriole have on rare occasions been recorded as using the same nest a year later .
orioles must drink , and they may do so in various ways . the eurasian golden oriole , for example , may pump or suck water , as well as nectar , upwards into its downward - pointed beak , or it may use a sequence of alternately pumping and raising its beak , a “suck - and - tilt” process . usually , this species drinks from tree hollows , takes dew or raindrops from branches or leaves , or flies closely above the surface of a waterbody and quickly dips its bill . in rare instances , it will also drink from rain puddles .
although , with some members of the family , it appears that both sexes build the nest , incubate the eggs , and brood and feed the nestlings , this is the exception . more usually , it is exclusively or almost exclusively the female that incubates , for a period of 2–3 weeks , and that broods the nestlings , again for 2–3 weeks . while incubating , the female of the eurasian golden oriole leaves the nest to feed herself only for brief periods of about ten minutes , and rarely up to 38 minutes , but she leaves for longer foraging trips after the eggs have hatched . meanwhile , the male may feed her and he may also incubate or brood for short periods .
telemetric studies of the eurasian golden oriole in northern germany showed that , during the breeding season , the adults foraged for 45 % of the time within 200 m of the nest and for 80 % of the time within 700 m of the nest , but they would travel 1–3 km for especially abundant food sources , such as plants infested with caterpillars . their foraging ranges increased significantly after the hatching of the eggs . sometimes , up to three immature or adult orioles , presumably previous offspring of the nesting pair , helped in the feeding of the young , especially in habitats with poor food availability . a similar phenomenon has been recorded for the australasian figbird , the nestlings of which are occasionally brooded and fed by extra males and females .
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medium - sized passerines with relatively large , long and pointed wings , short to medium - length tail ; many species very colourful in yellow to golden and black , some more green .
habitat orioles are primarily canopy feeders ( see general habits ) . almost all members of the family have been recorded in primary forest habitats of various kinds : dry , closed - canopy african woodlands , evergreen and semi - evergreen broadleaf forests , including monsoon forest , damp highland and moss forests , eucalypt ( eucalyptus ) woodland , and deciduous and coniferous forests , as well as mixed forests such as pine–oak ( pinus – quercus ) forest .
an intriguing anti - predator response is exhibited by adult eurasian golden orioles , which , when threatened , adopt a stiff posture with beak turned upwards , similar to that of a bittern ( botaurus ) when disturbed or alarmed . this behaviour is demonstrated also by fledglings when warned by their parents , and it is already evident even among nestlings ; the latter , if a parent gives a warning call , press themselves flat into the bottom of the nest but keep the bill pointing upwards . dodging all dangers , ringed eurasian golden orioles reached a maximum age of eight years , with an average of 1·5 years for ringed nestlings and 3–4 years for individuals that had reached adulthood .
adverse weather decreases nesting success by depleting food resources , particularly invertebrates , or by directly killing nestlings or destroying nests . after such events , depending on circumstances , pairs may quickly make a new breeding attempt , or they may forgo breeding for the year in question . exceptionally bad weather , such as hailstorms , can even kill adults .
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recording av # 4262 . timor - leste : about 5 - 6 km from the indonesian border on the south coast ( - 9 . 415 , 125 . 118 ) recorded by frank r . lambert
timor - leste : about 5 - 6 km from the indonesian border on the south coast ( - 9 . 415 , 125 . 118 )
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astroscopus guttatus ( northern stargazer ) is a fish that can reach lengths of 22 inches ( 56 cm ) and are located on the eastern shores between the states of north carolina and new york in the united states .

the northern stargazer can be found up to depths of 120 feet ( 37 m ) .

stargazers have a flat forehead with a lot of body mass up front near the mouth .

astroscopus guttatus

known data sets that contain ( astroscopus guttatus ) . this may include sibling taxa data sources .
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
sähkötähystäjä
to
astroscopus guttatus abbott , 1860
.
kari pihlaviita marked the finnish common name
taivaantähystäjä
from
astroscopus guttatus abbott , 1860
as untrusted .
starry – eyed : the eyes of the northern stargazer are unusual and very important ; as a . guttatus is primarily a visual
this odd looking face , something out of a hollywood horror movie , belongs to a very unique marine creature - the northern stargazer ( astroscopus guttatus ) . unique to this strange looking fish are a pair of organs located behind the eyes that can produce up to 50 volts of electricity . it is believed this electrical charge is used as a means of protection as it is not powerful enough to stun a fish the northern stargazer might be predating on . read more about the northern stargazer ( astroscopus guttatus ) here .
citation :
northern stargazers , astroscopus guttatus ~ marinebio . org .
marinebio conservation society . web . accessed monday , july 9 , 2018 . < urltoken > . last update : 1 / 14 / 2013 2 : 22 : 00 pm ~ contributor ( s ) : marinebio
part of the stargazer ' s scientific name , astrocopus , means
one who aims at the stars ,
and guttatus means
speckled .
chapter 64 of the book
the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight
is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish astroscopus guttatus , commonly known as northern stargazer . it is noted that the fish is considered as endemic to the middle atlantic bight .
none the less , once dinner is close , astroscopus has another amazing ocular trick . depending upon which side the prey species approaches , astroscopus will rotate the contralateral eye in a semicircle a few times to further tease the prey into thinking there is small burrowing organism there . this curiosity attracts the prey to cross the body of the fish towards the moving eye . once the prey is within range , astroscopus will lunge upward and literally suck the prey into its rather generous mouth as it creates a vacuum by opening its mouth . the electric organ has been shown to discharge simultaneously and it may have some role in confusing the prey , but does not have enough current to kill . nevertheless , the discharge does seem to be part of the capture process .
research astroscopus guttatus » barcode of life ~ bioone ~ biodiversity heritage library ~ cites ~ cornell macaulay library [ audio / video ] ~ encyclopedia of life ( eol ) ~ esa online journals ~ fishbase ~ florida museum of natural history ichthyology department ~ gbif ~ google scholar ~ itis ~ iucn redlist ( threatened status ) ~ marine species identification portal ~ ncbi ( pubmed , genbank , etc . ) ~ ocean biogeographic information system ~ plos ~ siris ~ tree of life web project ~ unep - wcmc species database ~ worms
a northern stargazer ( astroscopus guttatus ) at the blue heron bridge , phil foster state park , 11 / 13 / 2015 , a 4k video . it really does make a difference if you have a 4k monitor to view the video . these fish are capable of delivering up to 50 volts at the base of the head , so hands - off is a sensible policy . as you can see , they bury in the sand to become hidden predators . only the eyes and mouth are visible to the careful observer .
it may not be the brightest star in the ocean , but the northern stargazer is a remarkable organism ; with some very unique and interesting adaptations . the northern stargazer , astroscopus guttatus , is well adept to spending life buried in the sand , waiting to ambush its prey . it has evolved unusual and most shocking uses for its extraocular muscles . a . guttatus , is unique among teleosts , as it alone is the only marine species which has an electric organ . this species of stargazer is distributed around the western atlantic ocean , ranging from new york to north carolina , the northern stargazer is native to the bahamas . being a benthic dweller , the northern stargazer spends a lot if its life buried within the sandy surf zones and deeper sand – mud environments of inshore waters . the northern stargazer usually resides at depths of approximately 36m .
this electric organ , located behind each eye , is innervated by only the oculomotor nerve and is capable of discharging up to 50 v . in astroscopus it consists of approximately 200 layers , although electorphorus may have 30 times that . some believed that astroscopus is capable of stunning a prey species of fish with the discharge , but it does not appear to be strong enough to do that , nor does it appear to be discharged at the right time for that effect . rather , the electric organ is used for defence to frighten off a potential predator , or perhaps to direct or attract prey .
the fish will then wait quietly and watch until a small prey species approaches . it has at least one mechanism of attracting small fish if necessary . astroscopus has unique gill slits that discharge sea water that has passed over the gills . the water exits adjacent to the pectoral fin causing the sand just above the discharge to dance as if there were a small creature there . potential prey fish will come to investigate . some closely related fish have lingual lures , meaning that they have appendages extending from their tongue that resemble wriggling worms bringing prey species directly to the mouth to investigate , but astroscopus does not have such accoutrement .
a withering glance can change the dynamic of a conversation , but imagine just such a glance having the capability to frighten or stun another . astroscopus ( latin “star seer” ) can do just that . the northern stargazer lives off the east coast of north america and has evolved extraordinary and shocking uses for its extraocular muscles .
being buried up to its eyes in sand may mean that the eyes must be proptosed above the body plane in order for the fish to see , and astroscopus must be able to do this since it is entirely a visual predator . the fish has an opercular cavity behind the eye that can be filled with fluid causing proptosis , raising the eyes above the level of the sand .
still , astroscopus does often use its eyes for prey capture . as an adult , it captures smaller fish by stealth and decoy . these fish possess large , square heads and spend their lives buried up their eyes in sand . since , in the larval stage , the eyes are placed laterally on the body , the eyes must migrate towards the dorsal aspects of the head by the 50 mm stage , and by this stage , the fish has adopted a benthic , burrowing lifestyle . it is , in essence , a digger .
the easy life : a . guttatus is quite lazy , spending most of its life lying under the sand waiting for the moment to ambush its unsuspecting prey . it is well adapted to life under the seabed – with modified pectoral fins that act as shovels , allowing this fish to bury itself within seconds , which can be seen in the video . one would expect living in such an environment would mean getting sand in all sorts of places , but does this matter to the northern stargazer ? no . the eyes and nostrils of this teleost are somewhat strategically positioned on the top of the head , so that they are always above the sand surface when the rest of the body is hidden in plain sight .
once the prey item in in close proximity , the northern stargazer will start to put an end to the enticement with its an ocular tease . as the prey is approaching , a . guttatus will use its protruding eyes and move them in a semi circle to deceive the prey into thinking there is a tiny organism burrowing in that location . being curious creatures , the prey will come closer to investigate further , in doing so the organism must swim over the body of the northern stargazer towards the contralateral eyes . once the northern stargazer has its prey where it wants them , it will strike forwards and upwards , engulfing the whole of the prey ; as the opening of the mouth induces a vacuum , sucking in the prey . as one would say , curiosity killed the cat .
the electric organ of a guttatus is not as powerful as that of electrophorus but is composed of portions of four extraocular muscles including the analogue for the superior , medial , and temporal recti as well as the superior oblique . the larval stage of this animal hatches from an egg deposited on the sea floor . the electric organ begins to develop when the larva is 12–15 mm long . at this stage the outer cells of these muscles begin to change into larger cells with multiple nuclei until these cells become six times the size of the normal extraocular muscle cells . these four muscles mentioned above contribute their outer layers to form a syncytium distinct from the extraocular muscles . the electric organ , then , resembles an organ separate from and external to the muscles and is histologically different from other electric organs in other fish .
predator . the eyes are capable of protruding outwards for a short period of time . this feature allows the ambush predator to gaze over the immediate vicinity and scope for any nearby prey . the stargazer fills the opercular cavity behind each eye with fluid thus causing the eyes to proptose . breathing under water : being buried under the sand proves difficult when it comes to breathing , as the gills are covered however the northern stargazer has adapted to overcome this problem . unlike other teleost fish that use their gills to “breathe” the northern stargazer uses nostrils to do so . similar to the eyes , the nostrils are located on the top of the head so that they don’t get buried within the sand . fleshy comb – like fringes also help protect the nostrils from particles of sand from being breathed in . an intriguing date : the northern stargazer has a few tricks to entice prey to come closer before it strikes them down . one of which is using the unique gill slits to discharge water , causing the sand to mimic the action of a small critter moving . to the unaware victim , this movement of water and particles of sand will intrigue them and encourage them to go investigate further ; tricking them into thinking there is a potential for food and ushering the oblivious fish into the striking zone of a . guttatus .
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electric fish are found in at least five orders , including torpediniformes ( electrogenic rays and skates ) gymnotiformes ( electric eel and others ) , siluriformes ( electric catfish ) , osteoglossiformes ( knifefishes ) and perciformes . perciformes has but one , albeit interesting , creature to contribute to this strange ménage .
most electric fish generate their charge from electroplaxes , which are collections of modified , stacked , and flattened muscle cells with a nerve leading to one side of this complex . the muscle cells are polarised in the same direction and generate their charge through the serial stacking and summation of these cells . they function more like a capacitor than a battery . with nervous stimulus , an electric discharge of these muscles cells can be generated . some , such as the electric eel ( electorphorus ) , can generate up to 500 v , capable of stunning , if not killing most fish it contacts . such a discharge can render a human unconscious or dead .
for such a lifestyle , even the nostrils must be modified so that the fish can breathe through them while buried . the narial passages open on the dorsal surface , connect to the pharynx , and contain flaps and fimbrae to filter sand and prevent regurgitation .
thanks to david b snyder for his comments on the essay and for the photographs .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
eschmeyer , w . n . and fricke , r . ( eds ) . 2015 . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . updated 1 october 2015 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 1 october 2015 ) .
cox , n . a . , santa cruz , a . & polidoro , b .
justification : this species is widely distributed and somewhat common where it occurs in coastal waters over shallow soft bottom . there are no known major threats , therefore it is assessed as least concern .
this species is distributed in the western atlantic ocean from new york south along the u . s . to southeastern florida . it does not occur in the gulf of mexico ( r . robertson pers . comm . 2014 ) .
there are 90 nominal records in fishnet2 , with up to 19 individuals in a single lot . in a survey conducted in seagrass beds in the chesapeake bay its abundance increased between the 1977 - 2011 ( sobocinski et al . 2013 ) . it was captured in 17 out of 600 trawls between 2002 - 2011 in the chesapeake bay ( buchheister et al . 2013 ) . in a surf zone beach seine survey conducted off new jersey it was somewhat commonly captured ( able et al . 2011 ) .
this demersal species occurs over soft bottoms from nearshore to 37 m depth . it conceals itself in the sediment with only the top of its head exposed and uses an electric organ to stun prey . its maximum total length is 59 cm ( robins and ray 1986 ) .
this species occurs rarely as bycatch in bottom trawls ( buchheister et al . 2013 ) . it is not utilized .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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distribution western atlantic : n . y . to n . c . [ details ]
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robins , c . r . , g . c . ray , j . douglass and r . freund . 1986 . a field guide to atlantic coast fishes of north america . houghton mifflin co . boston . 354 p . [ details ]
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
the northern stargazer has a dark , flattened body with white spots that gradually get bigger from the head tot the tail . ( david snyder / fishwise )
the stargazer ' s mouth and eyes are located on the top of its large head , facing upward . ( image courtesy canvasman21 / wikimedia )
northern stargazers can deliver an electric charge that stuns and confuses prey and helps ward off predators . ( image by peter leahy / shutterstock )
found mostly in the lower chesapeake bay , but sometimes travels to the upper bay in autumn . ranges along the atlantic coast between new york and north carolina .
the northern stargazer is a strange - looking fish with a speckled , flattened body and a large head . it lives at the bottom of the lower chesapeake bay’s deep , open waters .
the northern stargazer has a blackish - brown body with white spots that gradually get bigger from its head to its tail . it ' s flattened body can grow to 22 inches in length , but it averages 8 to 18 inches in length . its mouth and eyes are located on the top of its large head , facing upward . three dark , horizontal lines appear on its tail .
northern stargazers eat small fish , crabs and other crustaceans . they hunt by burying themselves in the sand with their eyes and mouth sticking out just enough to search for prey . once something tasty swims by , the stargazer uses its large mouth to create a vacuum to suck its prey in .
spawning occurs in may to june . females lay small , transparent eggs on the bottom of the bay . eggs eventually float to the surface and hatch . larvae grow rapidly , feeding from a yolk sac until it is completely absorbed . once they grow to about 12 to 15 millimeters long , larvae swim to the bottom of the bay , where they mature into adults . at this time their electric organ also begins to form .
the stargazer uses its side fins as shovels to quickly burrow below the sand in a matter of seconds .
northern stargazers have an organ on their heads that can deliver an electric charge that stuns and confuses prey and helps ward off predators .
fishes of chesapeake bay by edward o . murdy , ray s . birdsong and john a . musick
the chesapeake bay program is a unique regional partnership that has led and directed the restoration of the chesapeake bay since 1983 .
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university of california , davis , sacramento , ca , usa ; ude . sivadcu @ bawhcsri
browse all records of this species or download video in mp4 or webm format .
data content compiled and maintained by hendrickson lab / ichthyology collection at the university of texas at austin and licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - sharealike 3 . 0 unported license , however , some images are separately copyrighted ( see documentation / digital library ) .
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for all at last returns to the sea — to oceanus , the ocean river , like the everflowing stream of time , the beginning and the end .
- rachel carson
in the upper map above , the red dots indicate locations of quantitative data ( ~ 0 obs globally ) , while gray dots indicate locations of
presence / absence
( non - quantitative ) observation data . blue stars show locations of any time series reporting this taxa or group ( ~ 0 sites globally ) . in the lower map , the blue - shaded regions represent temperature - salinity realms that match the conditions where the taxa were observed . the dark - to - light shading indicates
theoretical niches
corresponding to temperature - salinity ranges that were associated with 75 % / 90 % / 95 % / 99 % of the original taxa observations .
stargazers bury into the sand with shovel like pectoral fins . they can look straight up waiting for prey to swim by and breathe through nostrils on their head . they have an organ just above the eyes that can produce an electrical charge for defense against predators . not a good idea to touch them there by any means . they have a blackish brown body covered with white spots that increase gradually in size towards the rear of the body . the white spots are widely spaced on top of the head and body . there are . . .
© 2018 - delaware - surf - fishing . com . all rights reserved .
greek , astra = ray + greek , skopeo = to look , to watch ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; demersal ; depth range ? - 36 m ( ref . 55313 ) . temperate , preferred ? ; 42°n - 31°n , 80°w - 71°w ( ref . 55313 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 59 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 40637 ) ; max . published weight : 9 . 1 kg ( ref . 7251 )
cleithral spine with venom gland ( ref . 57406 ) . found inshore , at depths to 36 m ( ref . 55313 ) .
robins , c . r . and g . c . ray , 1986 . a field guide to atlantic coast fishes of north america . houghton mifflin company , boston , u . s . a . 354 p . ( ref . 7251 )
marine ; demersal ; depth range ? - 36 m ( ref . 55313 ) . temperate ; 42°n - 31°n , 80°w - 71°w ( ref . 55313 )
) : 11 . 3 - 24 . 3 , mean 16 . 9 ( based on 92 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5625 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 5 ±0 . 80 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 52 of 100 ) .
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able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p200
chapter 60 of the book
the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight
is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish sphyraena borealis , commonly known as northern sennet . it is noted that the fish is usually found . . .
able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p166
chapter 50 of the book
the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight
is presented . the chapter offers information about the fish stenotomus chrysops , commonly known as scup . it is noted that the fish is found usually in large and deep estuaries such as delaware . . .
able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p185
chapter 55 of the book
the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight
is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish micropogonias undulatus , commonly known as atlantic croaker . it is noted that the bottom - feeding . . .
able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p191
chapter 57 of the book
the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight
is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish chaetodon ocellatus , commonly known as spotfin butterflyfish . it is noted that the fish is found . . .
able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p197
chapter 59 of the book
the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight
is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish mugil curema , commonly known as white mullet . it is noted that the fish is found in estuaries in . . .
able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p206
chapter 62 of the book
the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight
is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish tautogolabrus adspersus , commonly known as cunner . it is noted that the fish is usually found . . .
able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p210
chapter 63 of the book
the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight
is presented . the chapter offers information about the first year of the life cycle of the fish pholis gunnellus , commonly known as rock gunnel . it is noted that the fish is usually found in the . . .
able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p128
chapter 38 from the book
the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight ,
is presented . it focuses on hippocampus erectus or lined seahorse . the fish is commonly found in estuaries and the inner continental shelf from nova scotia to uruguay . it describes the . . .
able , kenneth w . ; fahay , michael p . / / first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlanti ; 1998 , p27
chapter 4 of the book
the first year in the life of estuarine fishes in the middle atlantic bight ,
is presented . it focuses on the characteristics of the ichthyofauna of the middle atlantic bight . information is provided on the migration of estuarine fauna . it describes the patterns of . . .
terekeme ( karapapak ) tã¼rkleri ve mã¢nileri ( bayatä±larä± / mahnä±larä± ) : mus - bulanä±k ã‡evresi .
from
miss lou
to [ star trek ' s ] zulu : the multiple communities of nalo hopkirisonh .
© 2018 by ebsco publishing . all rights reserved . privacy policy | terms of use
the name may be romantic , but the appearance of the northern stargazer doesn’t quite live up to standards .
all in all , it is safe to say that the act of deception and teasing is the chosen tactic of the northern stargazer . romance however , not so much , so one shouldn’t be fooled by its name .
extreme marine habitats is a site dedicated to those habitats that are simply extreme ! written by students , we aim to provide detailed and insightful information on a variety of marine science subjects .
is it land or is it sea ? salt marshes the border between two worlds .
9 . marine neritic - > 9 . 4 . marine neritic - subtidal sandy suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes 9 . marine neritic - > 9 . 5 . marine neritic - subtidal sandy - mud suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes 9 . marine neritic - > 9 . 6 . marine neritic - subtidal muddy suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes
able , k . w . , grothues , t . m . , rowe , p . m . , wuenschel , m . j . , & vasslides , j . m . 2011 . near - surface larval and juvenile fish in coastal habitats : comparisons between the inner shelf and an estuary in the new york bight during summer and fall . estuaries and coasts 34 ( 4 ) : 726 - 738 .
buchheister , a . , bonzek , c . f . , gartland , j . , & latour , r . j . 2013 . patterns and drivers of the demersal fish community of chesapeake bay . marine ecology progress series 481 : 161 - 180 .
carpenter , k . e . 2002 . uranoscopidae : stargazers . in : carpenter , k . e . ( ed . ) , the living marine resources of the western central atlantic , pp . 1746 - 1747 . food and agricultural organization , rome .
iucn . 2015 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2015 - 4 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 19 november 2015 ) .
robins , c . r . and ray , g . c . 1986 . a field guide to atlantic coast fishes of north america . houghton mifflin company , boston , u . s . a .
sobocinski , k . l . , orth , r . j . , fabrizio , m . c . , & latour , r . j . 2013 . historical comparison of fish community structure in lower chesapeake bay seagrass habitats . estuaries and coasts 36 ( 4 ) : 775 - 794 .
eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]


mystus atrifasciatus ( known locally as trey kanchos chhnoht ) is a species of catfish endemic to cambodia , laos , thailand and vietnam , known from mekong river , chao phraya river and mae klong river and was described from phitsanulok , thailand .

it inhabits rivers , streams and reservoirs and moves to floodplains when the water level increases and can also be found near submerged woody vegetation .

it feeds on crustaceans and zooplankton along with some algae and fish scales .

it is commonly fished and marketed and is also found in the aquarium trade .

it may be threatened by pollution and overfishing and more research is needed about the species .

mystus atrifasciatus

type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 30866 . jpg [ 2532102 ] approved = yes submission by : lopez , john on 2004 - 06 - 30 photographed by : luckenbill , kyle mystus atrifasciatus ansp 67907 holotype 1 of 1 standard length : 86 . 5 mm ventral view copyright 2003 kyle luckenbill , academy of natural sciences , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 30865 . jpg [ 1685243 ] approved = yes submission by : lopez , john on 2004 - 06 - 30 photographed by : luckenbill , kyle mystus atrifasciatus ansp 67907 holotype 1 of 1 standard length : 86 . 5 mm lateral view copyright 2003 kyle luckenbill , academy of natural sciences , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 30864 . jpg [ 3222095 ] approved = yes submission by : lopez , john on 2004 - 06 - 30 photographed by : luckenbill , kyle mystus atrifasciatus ansp 67907 holotype 1 of 1 standard length : 86 . 5 mm dorsal view copyright 2003 kyle luckenbill , academy of natural sciences , all rights reserved .
feeds mainly on crustaceans and zooplankton along with small bits of algae and fish scales . may forage in schools like the other small striped species of mystus . moves into floodplains during periods of high water and is often found in places with submerged woody vegetation .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 134824 . jpg [ 851706 ] approved = yes submission by : hautecoeur , mã©lyne on 2005 - 10 - 31 photographed by : hautecoeur , mã©lyne mystus aubentoni mnhn 1974 - 0039 holotype standard length : 0 mm dorsal view copyright©mnhn , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 134826 . jpg [ 788440 ] approved = yes submission by : hautecoeur , mã©lyne on 2005 - 10 - 31 photographed by : hautecoeur , mã©lyne mystus aubentoni mnhn 1974 - 0039 holotype standard length : 0 mm ventral view copyright©mnhn , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 83099 . jpg [ 661707 ] approved = yes submission by : allen , mark on 2005 - 02 - 06 photographed by : allen , mark mystus canarensis ams b . 7624 neotype standard length : 112 mm ventral view copyright©mark allen , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 83098 . jpg [ 654813 ] approved = yes submission by : allen , mark on 2005 - 02 - 06 photographed by : allen , mark mystus canarensis ams b . 7624 neotype standard length : 112 mm lateral view copyright©mark allen , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 83096 . jpg [ 586593 ] approved = yes submission by : allen , mark on 2005 - 02 - 06 photographed by : allen , mark mystus canarensis ams b . 7624 neotype standard length : 112 mm dorsal view copyright©mark allen , all rights reserved .
fishes of the genus mystus scopoli are small to medium - sized bagrid catfishes occurring in south asia . roberts ( 1994 ) recognized mystus to have an elongate cranial fontanel reaching up to the base of the occipital process , long maxillary barbel , very long adipose fin , 11–30 gill rakers on the first gill arch and 37–46 total vertebrae , about equally divided between abdominal and caudal regions . he included only eight species under the genus . mo ( 1991 ) characterized the genus to have a thin needle - like first infraorbital , twisted and thickened metapterygoid loosely attached to the quadrate by means of ligament or a small extent of cartilage . jayaram & sanyal ( 2003 ) and ferraris ( 2007 ) respectively listed 44 and 33 species of mystus as valid . has three faint dark and two whitish stripes on the sides ; adipose fin longer than anal fin and almost contiguous with the dorsal fin ; eyes not visible when head is viewed from below .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 83715 . jpg [ 857677 ] approved = yes submission by : allen , mark on 2005 - 02 - 10 photographed by : allen , mark mystus canarensis ams b . 7624 neotype standard length : 112 mm x - ray copyright©mark allen , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] upl _ 200849 . tif [ 3931520 ] approved = yes submission by : sabaj , mark henry on 2006 - 05 - 01 photographed by : strecker , ulrike mystus maydelli zmh 2180 holotype 1 of 1 standard length : 0 mm xray copyright©zoologisches institut und zoologisches museum , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 134829 . jpg [ 1455240 ] approved = yes submission by : hautecoeur , mã©lyne on 2005 - 10 - 31 photographed by : hautecoeur , mã©lyne mystus aubentoni mnhn 1974 - 0039 holotype standard length : 0 mm x - ray , tail copyright©mnhn , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 134827 . jpg [ 799054 ] approved = yes submission by : hautecoeur , mã©lyne on 2005 - 10 - 31 photographed by : hautecoeur , mã©lyne mystus aubentoni mnhn 1974 - 0039 holotype standard length : 0 mm lateral view , left side copyright©mnhn , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 134828 . jpg [ 747181 ] approved = yes submission by : hautecoeur , mã©lyne on 2005 - 10 - 31 photographed by : hautecoeur , mã©lyne mystus aubentoni mnhn 1974 - 0039 holotype standard length : 0 mm x - ray , head copyright©mnhn , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 200847 . jpg [ 1844918 ] approved = yes submission by : sabaj , mark henry on 2006 - 05 - 01 photographed by : strecker , ulrike mystus maydelli zmh 2180 holotype 1 of 1 standard length : 0 mm lateral view copyright©zoologisches institut und zoologisches museum , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 200845 . jpg [ 1653669 ] approved = yes submission by : sabaj , mark henry on 2006 - 05 - 01 photographed by : strecker , ulrike mystus maydelli zmh 2180 holotype 1 of 1 standard length : 0 mm dorsal view copyright©zoologisches institut und zoologisches museum , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 200848 . jpg [ 2019003 ] approved = yes submission by : sabaj , mark henry on 2006 - 05 - 01 photographed by : strecker , ulrike mystus maydelli zmh 2180 holotype 1 of 1 standard length : 0 mm ventral view copyright©zoologisches institut und zoologisches museum , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 104598 . jpg [ 1071901 ] approved = yes submission by : littmann , mike w . on 2005 - 06 - 02 photographed by : littmann , mike w . mystus sabanus fmnh 68088 holotype standard length : 119 . 72 mm lateral view copyright©fmnh division of fishes , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 104595 . jpg [ 947833 ] approved = yes submission by : littmann , mike w . on 2005 - 06 - 02 photographed by : littmann , mike w . mystus sabanus fmnh 68088 holotype standard length : 119 . 72 mm dorsoventral view copyright©fmnh division of fishes , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 29845 . jpg [ 305503 ] approved = yes submission by : littmann , mike w . on 2004 - 05 - 28 photographed by : littmann , mike w . mystus sabanus fmnh 68088 holotype standard length : 119 . 72 mm ventral view copyright fmnh division of fishes , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 104596 . jpg [ 1832944 ] approved = yes submission by : littmann , mike w . on 2005 - 06 - 02 photographed by : littmann , mike w . mystus sabanus fmnh 68088 holotype standard length : 119 . 72 mm dorsoventral head view copyright©fmnh division of fishes , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 104597 . jpg [ 1848925 ] approved = yes submission by : littmann , mike w . on 2005 - 06 - 02 photographed by : littmann , mike w . mystus sabanus fmnh 68088 holotype standard length : 119 . 72 mm lateral head view copyright©fmnh division of fishes , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 104593 . jpg [ 1998657 ] approved = yes submission by : littmann , mike w . on 2005 - 06 - 02 photographed by : littmann , mike w . mystus sabanus fmnh 68088 holotype standard length : 119 . 72 mm anal fin view copyright©fmnh division of fishes , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 29844 . jpg [ 301059 ] approved = yes submission by : littmann , mike w . on 2004 - 05 - 28 photographed by : littmann , mike w . mystus sabanus fmnh 68088 holotype standard length : 119 . 72 mm dorsal view copyright fmnh division of fishes , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 29846 . jpg [ 386518 ] approved = yes submission by : littmann , mike w . on 2004 - 05 - 28 photographed by : littmann , mike w . mystus sabanus fmnh 68088 holotype standard length : 119 . 72 mm lateral view copyright fmnh division of fishes , all rights reserved .
no voucher : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 465405 . jpg [ 1273926 ] approved = yes submission by : manimekalan , a . on 2006 - 09 - 20 photographed by : manimekalan , a . mystus gulio standard length : 147 mm locality : pointcalimere , tamil nadu , india field work collection copyright©a . manimekalan , all rights reserved .
no voucher : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 465403 . jpg [ 323540 ] approved = yes submission by : manimekalan , a . on 2006 - 09 - 20 photographed by : manimekalan , a . mystus bleekeri standard length : 132 mm locality : muthupet , mangrove , tamil nadu , india field work collection copyright©a . manimekalan , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 30870 . jpg [ 1771222 ] approved = yes submission by : lopez , john on 2004 - 06 - 30 photographed by : luckenbill , kyle mystus stigmaturus ansp 59338 holotype 1 of 1 standard length : 60 . 1 mm dorsal view copyright 2003 kyle luckenbill , academy of natural sciences , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 30872 . jpg [ 1977072 ] approved = yes submission by : lopez , john on 2004 - 06 - 30 photographed by : luckenbill , kyle mystus stigmaturus ansp 59338 holotype 1 of 1 standard length : 60 . 1 mm ventral view copyright 2003 kyle luckenbill , academy of natural sciences , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 30871 . jpg [ 2082304 ] approved = yes submission by : lopez , john on 2004 - 06 - 30 photographed by : luckenbill , kyle mystus stigmaturus ansp 59338 holotype 1 of 1 standard length : 60 . 1 mm lateral view copyright 2003 kyle luckenbill , academy of natural sciences , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 30867 . jpg [ 2071593 ] approved = yes submission by : lopez , john on 2004 - 06 - 30 photographed by : luckenbill , kyle mystus rhegma ansp 61748 holotype 1 of 1 ( unique ) standard length : 49 . 5 mm dorsal view copyright 2003 kyle luckenbill , academy of natural sciences , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 30868 . jpg [ 2406689 ] approved = yes submission by : lopez , john on 2004 - 06 - 30 photographed by : luckenbill , kyle mystus rhegma ansp 61748 holotype 1 of 1 ( unique ) standard length : 49 . 5 mm lateral view copyright 2003 kyle luckenbill , academy of natural sciences , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 30869 . jpg [ 2102284 ] approved = yes submission by : lopez , john on 2004 - 06 - 30 photographed by : luckenbill , kyle mystus rhegma ansp 61748 holotype 1 of 1 ( unique ) standard length : 49 . 5 mm ventral view copyright 2003 kyle luckenbill , academy of natural sciences , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] upl _ 105290 . tif [ 2315420 ] approved = yes submission by : raredon , sandra j . on 2005 - 06 - 08 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . mystus havmolleri usnm 90304 holotype standard length : 36 . 8 mm xray , dorsal view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . natural hist . , si , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] upl _ 105288 . tif [ 2574032 ] approved = yes submission by : raredon , sandra j . on 2005 - 06 - 08 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . mystus havmolleri usnm 90304 holotype standard length : 36 . 8 mm xray , lateral view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . natural hist . , si , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 648545 . jpg [ 694564 ] approved = yes submission by : sabaj , mark henry on 2006 - 12 - 14 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . mystus havmolleri usnm 90304 holotype standard length : 36 . 8 mm photo , ventral view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . natural hist . , si , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 648547 . jpg [ 1565067 ] approved = yes submission by : sabaj , mark henry on 2006 - 12 - 14 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . mystus havmolleri usnm 90304 holotype standard length : 36 . 8 mm photo , lateral view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . natural hist . , si , all rights reserved .
type : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 648548 . jpg [ 670779 ] approved = yes submission by : sabaj , mark henry on 2006 - 12 - 14 photographed by : raredon , sandra j . mystus havmolleri usnm 90304 holotype standard length : 36 . 8 mm photo , dorsal view copyright©div . fishes , nat . mus . natural hist . , si , all rights reserved .
no voucher : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 97183 . jpg [ 582461 ] approved = yes submission by : sabaj , mark henry on 2005 - 05 - 11 photographed by : helias , jean - francois mystus mysticetus standard length : 0 mm photo taken april 1 , 2005â at thai fisheries dept . aquarium of kasersart university , bangkok , thailand copyright©jean - francois helias , all rights reserved .
specimen : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 1228678 . jpg [ 1057100 ] approved = yes submission by : lumbantobing , daniel n . on 2007 - 07 - 22 photographed by : lumbantobing , daniel n . mystus punctifer usnm standard length : 0 mm locality : kluet river , lawe sawah , province of nanggroe aceh darussalam collected : 2006 - 07 - 15 copyright©daniel lumbantobing , all rights reserved .
specimen : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 29110 . jpg [ 83505 ] approved = yes submission by : manimekalan , a . on 2004 - 02 - 17 photographed by : manimekalan , a . on 2003 / 05 / 20 mystus armatus pers . coll . 102m locality : india ( dry season ) specimen in personal collection of a . manimekalan . copyright a . manimekalan , all rights reserved .
no voucher : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 97181 . jpg [ 472589 ] approved = yes submission by : sabaj , mark henry on 2005 - 05 - 11 photographed by : helias , jean - francois mystus wolffii standard length : 0 mm locality : bang kanat , prachinburiâ river , thailand , may 10 , 2005 angler : jean - francois helias copyright © jean - francois helias , all rights reserved .
no voucher : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 97179 . jpg [ 443631 ] approved = yes submission by : sabaj , mark henry on 2005 - 05 - 11 photographed by : helias , jean - francois mystus wolffii standard length : 0 mm locality : bang kanat , prachinburiâ river , thailand , may 10 , 2005 angler : jean - francois helias copyright © jean - francois helias , all rights reserved .
no voucher : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 97182 . jpg [ 433947 ] approved = yes submission by : sabaj , mark henry on 2005 - 05 - 11 photographed by : helias , jean - francois mystus wolffii standard length : 0 mm locality : bang kanat , prachinburiâ river , thailand , may 10 , 2005 angler : jean - francois helias copyright © jean - francois helias , all rights reserved .
specimen : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 29143 . jpg [ 164231 ] approved = yes submission by : manimekalan , a . on 2004 - 02 - 19 photographed by : manimekalan , a . on 2003 / 12 / 27 mystus montanus pers . coll . 287 locality : hill stream ( medium flow ) , india specimen in personal collection of a . manimekalan . copyright a . manimekalan , all rights reserved .
specimen : [ large ] [ zoom ] upl _ 29111 . jpg [ 136048 ] approved = yes submission by : manimekalan , a . on 2004 - 02 - 17 photographed by : manimekalan , a . on 2003 / 05 / 6 mystus cavasius pers . coll . 204 locality : indira gandhi wildlife sanctuary , india ( dry season ) specimen in personal collection of a . manimekalan . copyright a . manimekalan , all rights reserved .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
mekong , chao phraya and maeklong basins in southeast asia . it is considered least concern at present based on its wide distribution , but further information on threats and population trends is required and it should be reassessed if further information becomes available .
this species was described from a specimen collected from pitsanulok , thailand . it is recorded from the
adults inhabit rivers , streams and reservoirs . the species moves into floodplains during periods of high water and is often found in places with submerged woody vegetation ( rainboth 1996 ) . it feeds mainly on crustaceans and zooplankton along with small bits of algae and fish scales , and it may forage in schools like the other small striped species of
. the species is usually marketed fresh and may also be sold smoked ( froese and pauly 2010 ) .
this fish is found in commercial and subsistence fisheries . occasionally it is found in the aquarium trade .
it is likely to be impacted locally in parts of its range by pollution and overfishing . more species - specific information is needed .
research into population trends and threats to the species and its habitats is needed .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
the generic name is probably derived from the latin mystax , meaning moustache , in reference to the long barbels . it was first used by scopoli in 1777 making it a very old genus that has included many catfishes from throughout the world at one time or another .
150mm or 5 . 9
sl . find near , nearer or same sized spp .
( 1 ) marisco1729 . click on a username above to see all that persons registered catfish species . you can also view all
my cats
data for this species .
get or print a qr code for this species profile , or try our beta label creator .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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welcome to our website . if you continue to browse and use this website you are agreeing to comply with and be bound by the following terms and conditions of use . 1 . the content of the pages of this website is for your general information and use only . it is subject to change without notice . 2 . neither we nor any third parties provide any warranty or guarantee as to the accuracy , timeliness , performance , completeness or suitability of the information and materials found or offered on this website for any particular purpose . you acknowledge that such information and materials may contain inaccuracies or errors and we expressly exclude liability for any such inaccuracies or errors to the fullest extent permitted by law . 3 . the fish photos in this website are all under the cc ( creative commons ) license . you should denote
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description max size : 21 . 0 cm sl . color : color in life varies with age ; generally delicate gray - silvery to shining golden , with several ( about 5 ) pale blue or dark brown to deep black longitudinal bands on side . a narrow dusky spot often present on the shoulder . the fins glass , with dark tips . dorsal spines ( total ) : 1 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 6 - 7 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 12 - 13 ; vertebrae : 31 - 37 . body elongate and slightly compressed . maxillary barbels extending beyond the pelvic fins , often to the end of the anal fin . dorsal spine weak , finely serrated on its inner edge . adipose fin small , inserted much behind rayed dorsal fin but anterior to the anal fin . dioecious , external fertilization , oviparous , non - guarders , open water / substratum egg scatterers . makes sounds during spawning .
ecology habitat : estuarine prey : plants , shrimps , insects , mollusks and fish .
menon , agk ( 1999 ) checklist : fresh water fishes of india occasional paper no . 175 zsi , kolkata 366 pp available at - ncl , pune
singh , df and yazdani , gm ( 1993 ) ichthyofauna of konkan region of maharashtra ( india ) records of the zoological survey of india . occasional paper no 145 zsi , calcutta 46 available at - nio , goa
nandi , nc ; das , sr ; bhuinya , s and dasgupta , jm ( 1993 ) wetland faunal resources of west bengal , i . , north and south 24 - parganas districts occasional paper no 150 records of the zoological survey of india zsi 18264