the sunburst butterflyfish , chaetodon kleinii , is also known as the black-lipped butterflyfish ( or " blacklip butterflyfish " ) or klein 's butterflyfish .

it is a native of the indo-pacific region , from the red sea and east africa to the hawaiian islands and samoa , north to southern japan , south to australia and new caledonia .

it is also found in galapagos islands in the eastern pacific .

under its junior synonym c. corallicola was placed in the monotypic subgenus tifia , but this can not be separated from the earlier-described lepidochaetodon ( sometimes considered a separate genus ) .

it appears to be closer to the tahiti butterflyfish ( c. trichrous ) than to the teardrop butterflyfish ( c. unimaculatus ) .

sunburst butterflyfish

, commonly called klein’s butterflyfish but also known by a variety of other epithets , such as the sunburst butterflyfish , orange butterflyfish , brown butterflyfish , blacklip butterflyfish , corallicola butterflyfish , and probably a few others i’m not aware of .
this species is on the iucn red list as least concern ( lc ) . they have a wide distribution and a large population with no major threats identified . other common names they are known by include sunburst butterflyfish , blacklip butterflyfish , orange butterflyfish , bluehead butterflyfish , brown butterflyfish , klein ' s coralfish , kleini butterflyfish , black - lipped butterflyfish , white - spotted butterflyfish , whitespotted butterflyfish , and yellowspot butterflyfish .
this fish has an oval , disc - like shape with a pretty yellowish brown color . there are one or two broad white bands running vertically down the body and many spotted horizontal stripes on the sides . the body is contrasted with a strong black vertical stripe running across the face that has an almost metallic blue hue just above the eye in the adults . there are many descriptive common names it is known by including sunburst butterflyfish , blacklip butterflyfish , orange butterflyfish , bluehead butterflyfish , whitespotted butterflyfish , yellowspot butterflyfish , and brown butterflyfish .
the sunburst butterflyfish , found in the tropical indo - pacific from the red sea to hawaii , is also called the black - lipped butterflyfish and klein’s butterflyfish . this fish is yellowish brown with 1 - 2 broad lighter vertical bars . it has a black bar across the eyes . it is an easy fish to keep and suitable for beginners .
the sunburst butterflyfish is a species of fish that lives in the tropical waters or the indo - pacific basin . it evolves in shallow waters , and crowds coral massives . it prefers areas sheltered from the current , such as the sandy bottoms near mauritius , maldives and even the red . . .
nice underwater video showing a large group of klein ' s butterflyfish enjoying what ' s left of a sea urchin , likely initially killed by triggerfish . butterflyfish aren ' t above scavenging food and sea urchins are normally protected by their long spines , so a full triggerfish provides the best opportunity for the butterflyfish to dig in !
this is my favorite butterflyfish . even though i am an expert marine aquarist , i still like to keep them .
therefore it is important to choose the correct species in relation to the corals wanted , if one desires to keep butterflyfish in a coral - aquarium . bristleworms , tubeworms and other small invertebrates are also a part of the diet for many butterflyfish .
marine butterflyfish have not reportedly been spawned successfully in captivity . there are however , reports of some success in rearing wild collected larvae of some of the corallivorous butterflyfish . it is hoped these captive reared fish will be adapted to accept aquarium foods , and thus broaden the species selections that can be sustained in captivity . for more information see , marine fish breeding : butterflyfish .
this species is a member of a group of butterflyfishes that tentatively belong to the subgenus lepidochaetodon , which may become a distinct genus . this is a small group that consists of 8 species . also under a junior synonym is the coral butterflyfish or corallicola butterflyfish
i have bought one klein butterflyfish from the local marine fish shop , and i have to say that i have fallen in love with this fish .
butterflyfish mostly range from 12 to 22 cm ( 4 . 7 to 8 . 7 in ) in length . the largest species , the lined butterflyfish and the saddle butterflyfish , c . ephippium , grow to 30 cm ( 12 in ) . the common name references the brightly coloured and strikingly patterned bodies of many species , bearing shades of black , white , blue , red , orange , and yellow . other species are dull in colour . many have eyespots on their flanks and dark bands across their eyes , not unlike the patterns seen on butterfly wings . [ 2 ] their deep , laterally narrow bodies are easily noticed through the profusion of reef life . the conspicuous coloration of butterflyfish may be intended for interspecies communication . butterflyfish have uninterrupted dorsal fins with tail fins that may be rounded or truncated , but are never forked .
butterflyfish look like smaller versions of angelfish ( pomacanthidae ) , but unlike these , lack preopercle spines at the gill covers . some members of the genus heniochus resemble the moorish idol ( zanclus cornutus ) of the monotypic zanclidae . among the paraphyletic perciformes , the former are probably not too distantly related to butterflyfish , whereas the zanclidae seem far less close .
they ignore most other fish and are generally peaceful , therefore multiple butterflyfish will have no problem living together . one should however be cautious about keeping similar species together unless they are a couple .
generally diurnal and frequenting waters less than 18 m ( 59 ft ) deep ( though some species descend to 180 m ( 590 ft ) ) , butterflyfish stick to particular home ranges . these corallivores are especially territorial , forming pairs and staking claim to a specific coral head . contrastingly , the zooplankton feeders form large conspecific groups . by night , butterflyfish hide in reef crevices and exhibit markedly different coloration .
adults are most often seen in pairs , but are also found alone or in loose groups of up to about 30 individuals . sometimes groups will invade the nests of damselfish to eat the eggs . adults will also join groups of zooplankton feeding fish that contain some varieties of anthias , damselfish , wrasses , triggerfish , and other butterflyfish . juveniles will often associate with small surgeonfish ( tangs ) and other juvenile butterflyfish .
the butterflyfish are known for their attractive patterns and colours . they are closely related to angelfishs , but can always be distinguished , as they lack the spines on each side of the head of the angelfish .
the klein ' s butterflyfish is best kept in a large fish only live rock ( folr ) community tank . like many butterflyfish it can be a coral eater and so is not recommended for a reef tank . success may be achieved if it is well fed and has carefully selected corals . but it does eat most soft corals as well as sessile invertebrates , and may very well begin to nip on hard coral polyps
no sexual difference is noted for this species . butterflyfish species studied up to this time indicate that these fish are gonochoristic , meaning that each fish is either a male or a female and they do not change sex .
i have bought one klein butterflyfish from the local marine fish shop , and i have to say that i have fallen in love with this fish . it is not only hardy , but also . . . ( more ) sanchez
a smaller group of these fish will seek out primairily soft corals , like zoanthus . a larger part of the species will target different types of lps corals . butterflyfish are also known to seek out anemones , tubeworms and bristleworms .
this is one of the few butterflyfish that can be recommended to beginners . it is one of the most durable butterflyfish , but the key to successfully keeping it is getting a strong , healthy specimen . the biggest challenge with these fish seems to be in transportation . so to get the best specimen , make sure sure it has acclimated and is eating before you purchase . once this fish is acclimated it will take a variety of foods and no special care is needed to maintain it .
the word “beginner” and “butterflyfish” aren’t often paired together , as so many of the butterflyfishes seem to present some manner of husbandry challenge , often related to diet . still , certain butterflies have a well - deserved reputation for hardiness and general ease of care . among them is
the klein ' s butterflyfish has the typical butterflyfish shape . it has a laterally compressed disc - shaped body with a protruding snout tipped with a small mouth . the dorsal fin is continuous and it has a rounded tail fin . this species can reach a length of about 6 inches ( 15 cm ) in the wild , but most specimens in the aquarium reach about 5 inches ( 12 . 5 cm ) . the lifespan for most of the chaetodon species is between 5 - 7 years , but these fish can live longer with proper care .
the klein ' s butterflyfish are generally hardy and problems with disease are reduced in a well maintained aquarium . any additions to a tank can introduce disease , so it ' s advisable to properly clean or quarantine anything that you want add to an established tank prior to introduction .
this butterflyfish is a stony coral eater and it can also be sensitive to some drugs . be sure to observe this fish closely when medicating it , so you can remove it if it shows signs of stress . for information about saltwater fish diseases and illnesses , see aquarium fish diseases and treatments .
it is not only hardy , but also clever and cute . i used to put the live athemias in the strainer and feed my fishes with holding athemias in the strainer , and suddenly a klein butterflyfish got into the strainer to eat athemia , so i could feel his movement , i could really play with him . i recommend beginners to buy this fish . in my opinion , it is fairly pretty . his colour would change to be a bit dull at night time . now i also have other species of butterflyfish , angelfish , clownfish , wrasses , tangs , cardinal , dottyback as his tankmates , and they can cope well .
this species has not been cultivated in captivity . in the wild butterflyfish are pelagic spawners that release many tiny eggs into the planktonic water column where they float with the currents until they hatch . once hatched the fry are in a post - larval where their body , extending from the head , is covered with large bony plates .
the klein ' s butterflyfish are omnivores , in the wild they feed on algae , macroalgae , a broad range of coral species , and other cnidarians as well as tiny benthic crustaceans and zooplankton . no special food is needed in the aquarium , they will readily accept a wide variety of foods . offer meaty foods , dried flakes , shrimps , and tablets and frozen foods of all kinds including formula i , formula ii , angel formula and spirulina . several sponge based frozen foods are now available and can also be fed to butterflyfish . japanese nori will also be favored . feed it at least twice a day , and if it is a tiny juvenile feed it three to four times everyday .
it will work well with a variety of tank mates including moderately aggressive fish . it can also be housed with other butterflyfish , even its own kind , as long as they are all introduced simultaneously . the only caveat here is that two males will fight , and so will have to be separated if that occurs . many reef - keepers hope to keep it in a mini reef , but like many butterflyfish it can be a coral eater and so is not recommended for a reef tank . success may be achieved if it is well fed and has carefully selected corals . but it does eat most soft corals as well as sessile invertebrates , and may very well begin to nip on hard coral polyps
this is a peaceful fish that can be housed with a variety of tank mates , including moderately aggressive fish . it can also be housed with other butterflyfish , even its own kind , as long as they are all introduced simultaneously . the only caveat here is that two males will fight , and so will have to be separated if that occurs .
the butterflyfish are a group of conspicuous tropical marine fish of the family chaetodontidae ; the bannerfish and coralfish are also included in this group . the approximately 129 species in 12 genera [ 1 ] are found mostly on the reefs of the atlantic , indian , and pacific oceans . a number of species pairs occur in the indian and pacific oceans , members of the huge genus chaetodon .
males and females are both 6 in . as newcomers , they can be bullied by tangs , surgeons or other butterflyfish , but usually endure with no damage . when keeping them in groups , it is best to introduce them to the aquarium simultaneously . the minimum tank size is 53 gal . they should be fed meaty foods three times a day . they should also be fed algae - based foods .
is not the flashiest or most beautiful butterflyfish , but it is very hardy and inexpensive . it is one of the smaller members of the chaetodontidae family . it could reach close to 6 inches ( 15 cm ) , but will rarely grow over 5 inches ( 12 . 5 cm ) in the aquarium . this fish exhibits all the grace and beauty of its relatives and has the same characteristic elegant form .
these butterflyfish are associated with rocky reefs and coral rich areas . they occur in protected lagoons and channels , back reef areas , reef faces and reef slopes . they seem to prefer reefs that have a sandy coral bottom and not much surge . they are found at depths from 13 - 400 feet ( 4 - 122 m ) , but are most abundant at depths of less than 33 feet ( 10 m ) .
butterflyfish are pelagic spawners ; that is , they release many buoyant eggs into the water , which become part of the plankton , floating with the currents until hatching . the fry go through a tholichthys stage , wherein the body of the post larval fish is covered in large , bony plates extending from the head . they lose their bony plates as they mature . [ 2 ] only one other family of fish , the scats ( scatophagidae ) express such an armored stage .
this is a durable butterflyfish that can be suggested for a beginning aquarist . the key to successfully keeping this fish is to get the best possible specimen . to get a strong healthy specimen make sure it has acclimated and is eating before you purchase . this fish will become a hardy pet once it is acclimated and no special care is needed to maintain it . it is not recommended for reef aquariums as it is a coral eater . it will most likely snack on the polyps of stony corals as well as pick at sessile invertebrates .
the chaetodontidae can be , but are not usually , divided into two lineages that arguably are subfamilies . the subfamily name chaetodontinae is a little - used leftover from the period when the pomacanthidae and chaetodontidae were united under the latter name as a single family . hence , chaetodontinae is today considered a junior synonym of chaetodontidae . in any case , one lineage of chaetodontidae ( in the modern sense ) contains the
typical
butterflyfish around chaetodon , while the other unites the bannerfish and coralfish genera . as the perciformes are highly paraphyletic , the precise relationships of the chaetodontidae as a whole are badly resolved . [ 3 ]
greek , chaite = hair + greek , odous = teeth ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; depth range 4 - 61 m ( ref . 9710 ) , usually 10 - ? m ( ref . 1602 ) . tropical ; 30°n - 32°s , 29°e - 130°w
indo - pacific : red sea and east africa ( south to coffee bay , south africa , ref . 5372 ) to the hawaiian islands and samoa , north to southern japan , south to new south wales , australia and new caledonia . eastern pacific : galapagos islands ( ref . 5227 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 15 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5372 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 13 - 14 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 20 - 23 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 17 - 20 ; vertebrae : 24 . body is yellowish brown with two broad white vertical bars running across the body one from near the origin of the dorsal spine and the other from the middle of the back . a black bar runs vertically across the eye . there are numerous dotted horizontal stripes on the sides . the margin of caudal fin is transparent ( ref . 4855 ) . snout length 2 . 5 - 3 . 2 in hl . body depth 1 . 5 - 1 . 8 in sl ( ref . 90102 ) .
occur in deeper lagoons and channels , and seaward reefs ( ref . 1602 ) . benthopelagic ( ref . 58302 ) . depth 2 - 61 m , usually below 10 m ( ref . 90102 ) . occur singly or in pairs ( ref . 37816 ) . common , omnivorous individuals that feed mainly on soft coral polyps ( mainly on sarcophyton tracheliophorum and litophyton viridis ) , algae and zooplankton . oviparous ( ref . 205 ) . form pairs during breeding ( ref . 205 ) .
distinct pairing ( ref . 205 ) . monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social ( ref . 52884 ) .
myers , r . f . , 1991 . micronesian reef fishes . second ed . coral graphics , barrigada , guam . 298 p . ( ref . 1602 )
) : 24 . 7 - 29 , mean 27 . 8 ( based on 832 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 03090 ( 0 . 01890 - 0 . 05054 ) , b = 3 . 05 ( 2 . 91 - 3 . 19 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 2 . 9 ±0 . 2 se ; based on diet studies .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 12 of 100 ) .
indo - pacific : red sea and east africa ( south to coffee bay , south africa ) to the hawaiian islands and samoa , north to southern japan , south to new south wales , australia and new caledonia . eastern pacific : galapagos island .
this butterfly can be kept with other butterflies , including those of it ' s own species , as long as they are introduced to the tank at the same time . new additions to a tank with an established fish may be bullied . is otherwise generally peaceful towards other fish , but may nip at soft corals and small invertebrates .
will graze on algae , and will also eat small invertebrates and polyps . must be supplemented with frozen , live and veges if these aren ' t available .
requires a long tank of at least 208 litres ( 55 us g . ) , established with live rock for grazing . some open swimming space is appreciated combined with hiding places .
high sided slender oval fish . the body is primarily yellow in colour , there is half a white band in the centre from the dorsal fading mid - way down the body . the head is bolder white with a dark band running vertically from the beginning of the dorsal down through the eye and down to the anal fin . this darker band varies in colour from blue to brown . the lips of the fish are black in colour . the dorsal , caudal and anal fin are edged with blue iridescence .
this page was last edited on 13 december 2017 , at 03 : 19 .
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we would like to import some live zebra shark . contact me please . best regard , liu wei chung . email : s89186 @ urltoken
i have a green moray eel that is just too big now , does anyone have a huge tank . . . . 400 + gallons ?
it does need a good sized aquarium that is well established . a 55 gallon tank is the minimum size for a single fish , and a much bigger tank will be needed if you want to keep more than one . decorate the tank with rocks and / or corals with many hiding places along with plenty of swimming space . it swims freely and usually spends a good deal of its time in the open water , traveling along the substrate when looking for items to graze on .
was described by bloch in 1790 . they have a very wide distribution . they are found in the red sea , in the indo - pacific from eastern coast of africa and eastward to hawaii and samoa , north to southern japan and south to new south wales , australia and new caledonia as well as in the eastern pacific from the galapagos islands of ecuador .
although they are known to feed primarily on algae and macroalgae they are also known to be facultative corallivores , meaning they will eat a broad range of coral species . they will feed on of soft coral polyps , hard coral polyps , anemones , sponges , and hydroids . they also feed on tiny benthic crustaceans and zooplankton containing copepods , mysid shrimp , crustacean larvae , fish eggs and salps , as well as the tentacles of polychaete worms ( tubeworms , spaghetti worms ) .
pairs - adults are usually seen in pairs , though sometimes seen singly or in small groups .
has a yellowish brown color and there are one or two broad white bands running vertically down the body and many spotted horizontal stripes on the sides . there is a strong black vertical stripe running across the face , through the eye , that has an almost metallic blue hue just above the eye and the snout is black . juveniles are very similar but without the blue coloring to the eyebar .
there are some color variation depending upon where they are from . those from the western range will usually have a single broad vertical bar that is more beige than white , while the eastern specimen have two white bars . the eastern specimens may also have a darker band between the two lighter bands .
5 . 9 inches ( 15 . 01 cm ) - they are usually smaller in the aquarium at about 5
( 12 . 5 cm ) .
5 years - the average lifespan chaetodon species is between 5 - 7 years , and possibly longer with proper care .
several feedings per day - offer various foods quite frequently at first . once acclimated adults need at least 2 feedings a day and juveniles need 3 to 4 .
no special care or technique is needed to maintain this fish in the aquarium . frequent water changes are not necessary , rather normal water changes at 10 % biweekly or 20 % monthly are fine . sudden massive water changes can cause trouble .
bi - weekly - change 10 % biweekly or 20 % monthly and avoid sudden massive water changes .
these fish need a lot of space to accommodate their size and to swim , they can reach about 5 inches in length . a 55 gallon tank is the minimum size for a single fish , and a bigger tank will be needed if you want to keep more than one . the tank should be well decorated with rocks and / or corals with many hiding places , along with open areas fro swimming . this fish is a coral eater , nipping the polyps of hard stony coral species . consequently it is not recommended for coral - rich reefs
moderate - normal lighting - it can also be kept under very bright light as long as some dark areas are provided .
weak - water movement is not a significant factor . it can tolerate a rather strong flow but slow - moving water is recommended .
smaller non - aggressive fishes like cardinalfish , gobies , tilefish , fairy basslets , fairy and flasher wrasses are good candidates as tank mates . larger and rather territorial angelfish like
also can be good tank mates . small but very territorial fishes like dottybacks should be avoided . such fish as basses or scorpionfish , even if they are small enough , should also be avoided .
yes - sometimes two males will fight , and then have to be separated .
. some can be treated successfully with medical care or copper drugs , but some species hate sudden changes of water including ph , temperature , or any drug treatment . in the wild a cleaner wrasse (
) will help them by taking parasites from their bodies , however these wrasses are extremely difficult to sustain in captivity . alternative fish such as neon gobies (
this fish is generally readily available in pet stores and online , and is fairly inexpensive .
helmut debelius , rudie h . kuiter , world atlas of marine fishes , hollywood import & export . inc . , 2006
mark allen , roger steene and gerald r . allen , a guide to angelfishes and butterflyfishes , odyssey publishing , 1998
dr . warren e . burgess , dr . herbert r . axelrod , raymond e . hunziker iii , dr . burgess ' s atlas of marine aquarium fishes , t . f . h publications inc . , 1990
roger steene , gerald r . allen , hans a . baensch , butterfly and angelfishes of the world , volume 1 , john wiley & sons , 1980
copyright © [ animal - world ] 1998 - 2015 . all rights reserved .
these fish normally eat for the most part , coral polyps , therefore problems can arise in captivity when trying to give it an alternative food .
it is therefore essential to be well prepared before acquiring them and have several suitable food types ready to present them with . however well prepared , there will be a large percentage , that will die after a short time in captivity .
it may mean having to keep living corals , mussels and zooplankton as food , in order to keep these fish alive whilst they are getting accustomed to alternative types of food .
when the fish can find its natural food in the aquarium it requires less frequent feeding .
these fish should be kept in a well run aquarium where they can
graze
algae from rocks and stones .
if there are insufficient algae on the rocks , it is important to feed more frequently and supplement with algae rich food e . g . spirulina .
several specimen of this species can coexist in the same aquarium , provided they are introduced simultaneously .
some species of the chaetodon genus are grouped together in what is known as a
complex
, since they are so very similar .
regardless of resemblance , it is important to be able to distinguish them , as in some cases they vary greatly in their needs . sometimes there are just small differences in colour or pattern , but in other instances it is vital to know where the fish originally come from .
it can be problematic , with many of these species , to get them eating in the beginning , but many of the species cannot resist live zooplankton or live mussels with crushed shells . another option is to mimic their natural behaviour by stuffing their food into coral skeletons or stones .
as these fish can be difficult to acclimatize and get feeding , it is important to buy healthy fish , to avoid having to deal with more problems . make sure to check that they do not have parasites or any visible infections .
there are some species that should not be kept in an a aquarium , as they are food specialists and will almost always refuse to eat replacement foods . it can be possible to breed some species , which will eat frozen foods . otherwise the only way to keep food specialists is by feeding them their natural diet , which consists of live sps or lps corals for example .
indo - pacific : red sea and east africa ( south to coffee bay , south africa , ref . 5372 ) to the hawaiian islands and samoa , north to southern japan , south to new south wales , australia and new caledonia . eastern pacific : galapagos islands ( ref . 5227 ) .
scott w . michael . 2004 . angelfishes and butterflyfishes ( reef fishes series book 3 ) tfh publications / microcosm ltd . - ( english ) bob fenner . butterflyfishes ; separating the good ones and those you don ' t want - wet web media - ( english ) collection of links to additional information - wet web media - ( english ) tea yi kai . 2014 . reef nuggets 2 : aquatic lepidopterans for your reef ( revised edition ) - reef builders - ( english )
froese , r . and d . pauly . editors . 2014 . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . urltoken , version ( 08 / 2014 ) .
minimum volume
indicates the size of the tank needed to house this species under optimal conditions .
this is based on a medium size animal , which you want to keep for several years . it might be possible to keep smaller specimens for a limited period in a smaller tank . a larger tank might be needed for fully - grown specimens .
hardiness
indicates how resistant this species is to disease and how well i tolerates bad conditions in general . some species doesn ' t handle transportation very well , but that doesn ' t mean that the species isn ' t hardy under the right conditions .
in this case , a
normal
aquarium is a reef aquarium with mixed corals or a fish only aquarium with an approximately salinity of 1 . 026 ( sg ) and a temperature close to 26°c . species requiring more than a 4000 - liter tank are considered not suitable for home aquarium .
special aquariums may cover tanks with low salinity , sub - tropical temperature , deep sand bed , sea grass etc .
always reef safe : no sources indicate that this species will harm corals or other invertebrates .
often reef safe : only a few aquarists has reported problems keeping this species with corals and other invertebrates .
reef safe with caution : this species may be a threat to some types of invertebrates .
reef safe with luck : most specimens will harm corals and / or other invertebrates , but you might be lucky .
not reef safe : this species is a threat to most corals and / or other invertebrates .
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listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , large population and no apparent major threats .
this species is widely distributed throughout most of the indo - pacific region , from coastal east africa to central and western pacific , including the hawaiian islands and rapa iti to the east , extending northwards to southern japan and south to lord howe island ( australia ) . vagrants are occasionally seen in the eastern pacific and at the galapagos islands ( ecuador ) ( g . r . allen pers . comm . 2006 ) . occurs at depths from 2 - 61 m but usually below 10 m .
american samoa ; australia ; china ; christmas island ; cocos ( keeling ) islands ; comoros ; fiji ; french polynesia ; guam ; india ( andaman is . , nicobar is . ) ; indonesia ; japan ; kenya ; kiribati ; korea , republic of ; madagascar ; malaysia ; maldives ; marshall islands ; mauritius ; mayotte ; micronesia , federated states of ; mozambique ; myanmar ; nauru ; new caledonia ; northern mariana islands ; palau ; papua new guinea ; philippines ; réunion ; samoa ; seychelles ; singapore ; solomon islands ; somalia ; south africa ; sri lanka ; taiwan , province of china ; tanzania , united republic of ; thailand ; tokelau ; tonga ; tuvalu ; united states ( hawaiian is . ) ; vanuatu ; viet nam ; wallis and futuna
it is generally common with stable populations ( g . r . allen pers . comm . 2006 ) . it is common in new guinea and queensland ( australia ) ( steene 1978 ) . this species was not observed during a recent survey conducted at the galapagos archipelago ( edgar
common species : mean of 0 . 87 individuals per 200 m 2 in northern great barrier reef ( pratchett and berumen 2008 ) .
this species is associated with rocky reefs and coral - rich areas ( sometimes interspersed with sandy bottoms ) of lagoons , channels and outer reef slopes . occurs singly , in pairs , or occasionally in larger aggregations of up to about 30 individuals ( myers 1991 ) , sometimes high in the water column . it is a facultative corallivore , feeding on hard and soft corals , as well as algae , hydroids and zooplankton .
this species is frequently exported through the aquarium trade ( pyle 2001 ) . this species is important to subsistence fisheries ( mangi and roberts 2006 ) . approximately 7 , 000 individuals traded between 1988 - 2002 ( global marine aquarium database 2009 ) .
there appear to be no species - specific conservation measures in place . this species is present within a number of marine protected areas .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
the bandit angelfish is a rare and distinctive fish , found in the hawaiian and johnston islands . one of the smallest of this species , they grow to 7 in . wrasses , some surgeons and tangs may show aggression while other species are usually peaceful . the minimum size tank is 90 gals . this fish is shy and requires [ … ]
the semicircle angelfish is also known as the blue angelfish and koran angelfish . it is found in the red sea , east africa and the tropical indo - pacific . adults and juveniles have very different appearances . angelfish in general are not very hardy , but this fish is one of the hardiest of this fish family . males are 15 . 7 [ … ]
the bluestreak cleaner wrasse is found in the red sea , indian ocean and western tropical pacific . it eats parasites and dead tissue off larger fishes’ skin . this fish is very difficult to keep in captivity and only expert aquarists should attempt it . usually it will only survive a few weeks to a month before dying [ … ]
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reaching between 5 and 6 inches in total length , c . kleinii exhibits the laterally compressed body typical of butterflies and is mostly golden - yellow on the posterior half of the body . from about mid - body forward , the base coloration becomes more creamy white , with a vertical dusky - brown band occurring just behind the operculum ( gill cover ) , a vertical black band passing through the eye , and black lips .
according to fishbase , in nature , this indo - pacific butterfly feeds “mainly on soft coral polyps ( mainly on sarcophyton tracheliophorum and litophyton viridis ) , algae , and zooplankton . ” specimens kept in aquariums should be offered , and will typically accept , a variety of readily available foods , such as frozen mysids , chopped fresh seafoods , and commercial formulations that satisfy their omnivorous palate . also , be sure to provide multiple smaller feedings per day rather than one or two larger meals .
though just a medium - sized fish , c . kleinii benefits from a good combination of open swimming space and rockwork for concealment . so , a good - sized tank is recommended . i wouldn’t go any smaller than 75 - gallons for this fish , and a larger tank would be even better .
c . kleinii is a generally peaceful species that will coexist nicely with most other peaceful to moderately assertive species . it can also be kept in conspecific ( same - species ) groups provided all of the specimens are introduced to the tank at the same time . keep in mind , however , that larger housing will be necessary if you plan to keep a group of these butterflies .
considering its natural tendency to feed on certain coral polyps , c . kleinii cannot be considered reliably reef safe , so a fish - only or fowlr ( fish only with live rock ) system is preferable .
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jeff kurtz is the co - founder / editor of saltwater smarts , former senior consulting editor for tropical fish hobbyist magazine , and the aquarist formerly known as “the salt creep . ” he has been an aquarium hobbyist for over 30 years and is an avid scuba diver .
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their coloration also makes them popular aquarium fish . however , most species feed on coral polyps and sea anemones . balancing the relative populations of prey and predator is complex , leading hobby aquarists to focus on the few generalists and specialist zooplankton feeders .
the family name derives from the ancient greek words , chaite (
hair
) and ? , odontos (
tooth
) . this is an allusion to the rows of brush - like teeth found in their small , protrusible mouths .
before dna sequencing , the taxonomy was confused about whether to treat these as species or subspecies . also , numerous subgenera have been proposed for splitting out of chaetodon , and it is becoming clear how to subdivide the genus if that is desired . [ 4 ]
the fossil record of this group is marginal . their restriction to coral reefs means their carcasses are liable to be dispersed by scavengers , overgrown by corals , and any that do fossilize will not long survive erosion . however , pygaeus , a very basal fossil from the mid - to late eocene of europe , dates from around the bartonian 40 - 37 million years ago ( mya ) . thus , the chaetodontidae emerged probably in the early to mid - eocene . a crude molecular clock in combination with the evidence given by pygaeus allows placement of the initial split between the two main lineages to the middle to late eocene , and together with the few other fossils , it allows the deduction that most living genera were probably distinct by the end of the paleogene 23 mya . [ 5 ]
the bannerfish - coralfish lineage can be further divided in two groups ; these might be considered tribes , but have not been formally named . genera are listed in order of the presumed phylogeny , from the most ancient to the youngest : [ 3 ] froese , rainer , and daniel pauly , eds . ( 2013 ) .
chaetodontidae
in fishbase . february 2013 version .
pratchett , morgan s . & berumen , michael l . & kapoor , b . g . [ editors ] : biology of butterflyfishes . crc press , 2014 . isbn 978 - 1 - 4665 - 8290 - 3
( 2007 ) : molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes ( chaetodontidae ) : taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family .
( teleostei : chaetodontidae ) in the indo - west pacific : evolution in geminate species pairs and species groups .
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body a strongly compressed oval disc ; snout short , ~ eye diameter ; mouth small , at end pointed snout ; teeth long and slender ; lateral line ends under dorsal fin ; dorsal xiii - xiv , 22 - 23 ; a iii , 21 - 22 ; pectoral 13 - 15 ; scales rough , covering head body and dorsal and anal fins ; 33 - 41 lateral line scales .
front half white , back half of body and fins yellow - tan ; a dark bar from forehead through eye to chest , blue above eye , black below ; a broad tan bar behind pectoral .
attributes abundance : common . cites : not listed . climate zone : equatorial ( costa rica to ecuador + galapagos , clipperton , cocos , malpelo ) . depth range max : 60 m . depth range min : 3 m . diet : zooplankton ; benthic microalgae ; soft corals / hydroids ; pelagic fish larvae ; pelagic fish eggs . eastern pacific range : northern limit = 2 ; southern limit = - 2 ; western limit = - 93 ; eastern limit = - 90 ; latitudinal range = 4 ; longitudinal range = 3 . egg type : pelagic ; pelagic larva . feeding group : omnivore . fishbase habitat : reef associated . global endemism : all pacific ( west + central + east ) ; indo - pacific only ( indian + pacific oceans ) ; tep non - endemic ;
transpacific
( east + central & / or west pacific ) ; all species . habitat : corals ; reef associated ( reef + edges - water column & soft bottom ) ; rocks ; reef ( rock & / or coral ) ; reef only . inshore offshore : inshore ; inshore only . iucn red list : not evaluated / listed . length max : 15 cm . regional endemism : island ( s ) only ; island ( s ) ; tropical eastern pacific ( tep ) non - endemic ; eastern pacific non - endemic ; all species . residency : vagrant . salinity : marine ; marine only . water column position : bottom ; near bottom ; bottom + water column ;
bloch , m . e . , 1790 . , naturgeschichte der ausländischen fische . berlin . , naturg . ausl . fische , 4 : 1 - 128 .
humann , p . , 1993 . , reef fish identification : galapagos . , new world publishing : 192pp .
mccosker , j . e . , 1987 . , the fishes of the galapagos islands . , oceanus , 30 : 28 - 32 .
smith , m . m . and heemstra , p . , 1986 . , smith ' s sea fishes . johannesburg : macmillan south africa . 1047 pp . , macmillan south africa : 1047pp .
i thank ashley macdonald and john pickering , university of georgia , for technical support in building this page .
taxon concept chaetodon _ kleinii last modified 2013 - 10 - 23 15 : 43 : 16 . 028
syntype ( s ) zmb 1229 ( listed as holotype by eschmeyer 1998 ) , east indies ; zmb 1231 , east indies .
ningaloo reef ( 22â°00 ' s ) , rowley shoals ( 17â°20 ' s ) , and scott reef ( 14â°03 ' s ) , wa , ashmore reef , timor sea ( 12â°15 ' s ) and northern great barrier reef , qld ( 12â°00 ' s ) and holmes reef and osprey reef , coral sea to montague island , nsw ( 36â°15 ' s ) , lord howe island and middleton and elizabeth reefs ; tropical , indo - west - central pacific .
. christmas island : christmas island natural history association 2 edn , 284 pp .
allen , g . r . & smith - vaniz , w . f . 1994 . fishes of cocos ( keeling ) islands .
the marine fishes of north - western australia . a field guide for anglers and divers
. perth , wa : western australian museum vi 201 pp . , 70 pls .
. new jersey : t . f . h . publications inc . 832 pp . figs .
francis , m . p . & randall , j . e . 1993 . further additions to the fish faunas of lord howe and norfolk islands , southwest pacific ocean .
hutchins , j . b . 2001 . biodiversity of shallow reef fish assemblages in western australia using a rapid censusing technique .
johnson , j . w . 2010 . fishes of the moreton bay marine park and adjacent continental shelf waters , queensland , australia . pp . 299 - 353
davie , p . j . f . & phillips , j . a . proceedings of the thirteenth international marine biological workshop , the marine fauna and flora of moreton bay .
. sydney , nsw , australia : new holland publishers xvii , 434 pp .
mcculloch , a . r . 1929 . a check - list of the fishes recorded from australia . part ii .
paepke , h . - j . 1999 . bloch ' s fish collection in the museum fã¼r naturkunde der humboldt universitã¤t zu berlin : an illustrated catalog and historical account .
the living marine resources of the western central pacific . fao species identification guide for fisheries purposes
body oval , deep , strongly compressed . head length about equal to head height ; preopercle smooth , without prominent spines . snout short . small protractile mouth with brush - like teeth in the jaws . dorsal fin with xiii or xiv spines , no notch between spinous and soft dorsal fin ; and 20 to 23 soft rays ; anal fin with iii spines and 17 to 20 soft rays ; pectoral fins transparent with 13 to 15 soft rays ; pelvic fins with i stout spine and 5 branched rays ; caudal fin rounded . body is yellowish brown with two broad white vertical bars running across the body , one from near the origin of the dorsal spine and the other from the middle of the back . a black bar runs vertically across the eye . there are numerous dotted horizontal stripes on the sides . the margin of caudal fin is transparent .
occur in deeper lagoons and channels , and seaward reefs . occur singly or in pairs . common , omnivorous individuals that feed mainly on soft coral polyps , algae and zooplankton . oviparous .
widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters of indo - pacific from red sea and east africa to the hawaiian islands and samoa , north to southern japan , south to new south wales , australia and new caledonia . throughout micronesia ; also reported from


cycloramphus mirandaribeiroi is a species of frog in the leptodactylidae family .

it is endemic to brazil .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers .

its population is in decline .

cycloramphus mirandaribeiroi

cycloramphus mirandaribeiroi heyer , 1983 , arq . zool . , são paulo , 30 : 311 . holotype : mzusp 57809 , by original designation . type locality :
brasil ; paraná , 9 km w são joão da graciosa on pr 410 to curitiba
.
it occurs in parque estadual serra da graciosa . given the declines of high - altitude stream - breeding species in other parts of the wet tropics , surveys are urgently needed to relocate this species and to assess its status , especially in view of the lack of recent records . some other cycloramphus species have declined for unexplained reasons , and so it is an urgent priority to rediscover populations of this species .
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molecular phylogenetics and evolution ( journal , magazine , 1992 ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : molecular phylogenetics and evolution publisher : orlando , fla . : academic press isbn / issn : 1055 - 7903 oclc : 231794612
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journal of herpetology ( ejournal / emagazine , 2002 ) [ worldcat . org ]
i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : journal of herpetology publisher : [ athens , ohio ] : society for the study of amphibians and reptiles . oclc : 60688590
[ athens , ohio ] : society for the study of amphibians and reptiles .
in bioone ( bio one ) . titre de l ' écran - titre ( visionné le 31 mars 2005 ) . texte intégral .
journal of herpetology / bioone ( organisation ) ; society for the study of amphibians and reptiles . ; ; [ athens , ohio ] : society for the study of amphibians and reptiles .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : listed as data deficient in view of the absence of recent information on its extent of occurrence , status and ecological requirements .
this species is known only from the type locality , são joão da graciosa , in the serra do mar in the state of paraná , brazil , from 50 - 150m asl .
its population status is unknown . it has not been collected since the original collection in the late 1970s , despite survey efforts since 1986 .
this species occurs in fast - flowing rocky streams , in which it reproduces , in lowland forest .
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miranda ' s button frog ( frank and ramus , 1995 , compl . guide scient . common names amph . rept . world : 71 ) .
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copyright © 1998 - 2018 , darrel frost and the american museum of natural history . all rights reserved .
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frost , darrel r . 2004 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 3 . 0 ( 22 august , 2004 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa
amphibian species of the world : an online reference v5 . 3 , database ( version 5 . 3 )
frost , darrel r . 2009 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 5 . 3 ( 12 february , 2009 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
pough , f . h . , r . m . andrews , m . l . crump , a . h . savitzky , k . d . wells , and m . c . brandley . 2015 . herpetology . fourth edition . massachusetts : sinauer .
vitt , l . j . , and j . p . caldwell . 2013 . herpetology . an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles . fourth edition . amsterdam : elsevier .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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a list amphibians & reptiles of brazil compiled by armas hill upper right photo : a yacare caiman photographed during a font tour in the pantanal in mato grosso do sul , brazil codes : ( bre ) : endemic to brazil ( t1 ) : threatened species , critically endangered ( t2 ) : threatened species , endangered ( t3 ) : threatened species , vulnerable ( nt ) : near - threatened species am - in amazonian brazil ig - in the area of iguazu falls mg - in mato grosso & mato grosso do sul mn - in minas gerais rs - in rio grande do sul ( ph ) : photo in the font website ( phraa : xxx ) : referring to the number of the photo of the particular species in the book :
reptiles & amphibians of the amazon , an ecotourist ' s guide
by r . d . bartlett & patricia bartlett , published in 2003 . links within this list :
barycholos ternetzi _ _ _ _ _ _ genus brachycephalus : saddlebck toads the saddleback toads are very small frogs , mostly around 1 centimeter in length . they have only three toes on each foot , and two fingers on each hand . this is in contrast to the usual five toes and four fingers of most frogs .
+ izecksohn ' s toad ( bre ) _ _ _ _ _ _ brachycephalus didactylus the izecksohn ' s toad is said to be the smallest known frog in the southern hemisphere .
this genus was erected in 2005 following a major revision of the hylidae family .
the genus hypsiboas was resurrected in 2005 with a major revision of the hylidae family . 70 species that were previously in hyla were moved to this genus .
occurs in open areas of the forest . it calls in low vegetation , close to the water . it lays eggs in a gelatinous mass .
striped treefrog _ _ _ _ _ _ ig ( recently described , in 1991 ) hypsiboas ( formerly hyla ) caingua hypsiboas caingua occurs in streams in open areas , with secondary forest growth .
blacksmith treefrog _ _ _ _ _ _ ig hypsiboas ( formerly hyla ) faber the voice of hypsiboas faber sounds like the beating of an anvil by a hammer ( as by a
black - - smith
) .
montevideo treefrog _ _ _ _ _ _ ig hypsiboas ( formerly hyla ) pulchellus hypsiboas pulchellus occurs in lakes , pools , and streams . it hides under the vegetation , or under bark and tree trunks .
speckled treefrog _ _ _ _ _ _ ig h ypsiboas ( formerly hyla ) semiguttatus hypsiboas semiguttata breeds in backwaters or shallow riverside pools in permanent or temporary streams in the forest . its eggs are laid in clusters fixed to branches or stones .
scinax fuscovarius _ _ _ _ _ _ ig mg scinax fuscovanus is a tree dweller . it sometimes enters into human dwellings . it reproduces in temporary pools .
scinax nasicus _ _ _ _ _ _ ig mg scinax nasicus occurs in temporary pools . it lays its eggs in gelatinous masses stick to aquatic plants .
scinax squalirostris _ _ _ _ _ _ ig scinax squalirostris is found in the axila of leaves of eryngium ( false caraguata ) and other plants on the banks of lakes and pools . it can hibernate under tree trunks and bark . its eggs are stuck to aquatic plants .
veined treefrog ( phraa : 67 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ig mg ( also called pepper treefrog , or white - lipped treefrog ) trachycephalus ( formerly phrynohyas ) venulosus trachycephalus venulosus is a tree dweller , frequently in bromeliads . it lays eggs in the hollows of trees that it seals with a toxic secretion from its skin . habitat is the edge of subtropical forest , in the undergrowth . genus xenohyla
minas gerais spinythumb frog ( bre ) _ _ _ _ _ _ crossodactylus trachystomus crossodactylus trachystomus has been known to occur only in minas gerais at lagoa santa , belo horizonte , and serra de caraca . it has not been found elsewhere . 2 of the 3 known populations disappeared in the mid - 1980s . the surviving population is at caraca , with records in 2001 , 2002 , and as of 2007 . genus hylodes
araponga dwarf frog ( bre ) _ _ _ _ _ _ mn ( recently described , in 1999 ) physalaemus maximus physalaemus maximus occurs in minas gerais , in the serra do brigadeiro , at the fazenda neblina in the municipality of artaponga , and also in ouro preto , 120 kilometers from araponga .
araponga
is the brazilian name for the bare - throated bellbird . physalaemus maximus is found at the margins of temporary pools , in which it makes a foam nest , and in swampy areas in moist rainforest , and in forest edge . it is not found away from forest .
cipo swamp frog ( bre ) _ _ _ _ _ _ mn ( recently described , in 1994 ) pseudopaludicola mineira pseudopaludicola mineira is known only from serra do cipo in minas gerais , where it occurs at more than 800 meters above sea level . its distribution is poorly known , and it may occur more widely . pseudopaludicola mineira lives in open , grassy areas around temporary ponds , in which it presumably breeds . it adapts to some anthropogenic disturbance ,