the scaly-tailed possum or the ilangnalya ( wyulda squamicaudata ) is found in northwestern australia .

it is restricted to the kimberley region in western australia .

as it is monotypic in its genus , it is sometimes known simply by its genus — the wyulda .

the scaly-tailed possum is a member of the family phalangeridae , which means that it is related to cuscuses and brushtail possums .

it is a solitary nocturnal forager that feeds on leaves , flowers and fruit .

the possum has a limited range and is found in high rainfall coastal regions of the north kimberley between yampi sound and kalumburu , as well as further inland in the east kimberley at emma gorge .

populations also inhabit bigge island and boongaree island .

the preferred habitat of this animal is sandstone based woodlands where it can shelter in rock piles and fissures and feed in the trees .

scaly - tailed possum

the scaly - tailed possum was once considered endangered but is now less threatened .
( scaly - tailed possum ) is found only in the kimberley region of northwestern australia . scaly - tailed possums are taxonomically placed in the family
the scaly - tailed possum is known to breed in the dry season . the recorded litter size is one . information on the reproductive behavior of the scaly - tailed possum is limited .
the scaly - tailed possum is restricted to the kimberly division in the north of western australia .
information on the scaly - tailed possum is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
the enigmatic and poorly understood scaly - tailed possum ( wyulda squamicaudata ) was last seen in 1917 .
help scientists continue their reseach in the kimberley on the scaly - tailed possum and other rare animals .
“this left either the scaly - tailed possum or the rock ringtail , and the amount of hair on the base of the tail , easily seen in the photos , confirmed it was the scaly - tailed possum . ”
a scaly - tailed possum caught on a camera trap in awc’s artesian range . ( c ) australian wildlife conservancy ,
the scaly - tailed possum inhabits areas with trees and rocks in the broken sandstone country of savannah woodlands in hot tropics .
one of the trapping sites . if i were a scaly - tailed possum i would live here ( c ) jack ashby
runcie , m . 1999 . movements , dens and feeding behavior of the tropical scaly - tailed possum ( wyulda squamicaudata ) .
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scaly - tailed possums tend to live solitarily on home ranges of approximately one hectare . individual home ranges often overlap .
the diet mainly consists of fruits , blossoms , and leaves of eucalyptus , terminalia , etc . the scaly - tailed possum has also been known to feed on insects and small vertebrates .
scaly - tailed possum ( wyulda squamicaudata ) specimens were found at el questro station in the east kimberley . the researchers suggest the finding also represents the first discovery of the species in eastern kimberley .
originally looking for the northern quoll ( dasyurus hallucatus ) , a species at high risk from the cane toad invasion , the team were surprised to see the rare scaly - tailed possum in the resulting images .
osborne mj , christidis l ( 2002 ) molecular relationships of the cuscuses , brushtail and scaly - tailed possums ( phalangerinae ) . aust j zool 50 : 135–149
as its name implies , its distinguishing feature is a hairless , scaly tail .
trapping densities suggest that scaly - tailed possums prefer low , open woodlands and vine thickets . they are nocturnal and rely heavily on rock piles for shelter during the day .
little to nothing is known about parental investment in scaly - tailed possums . however , equal participation of both parents in parental investment has been observed in other phalangerid species like
scaly - tailed possums have no easily definable , direct , or large - scale impact on humans . their remote habitat and rarity make this a difficult topic to research .
the pelage of the scaly - tailed possum is short , fine , and dense . the general dorsal color is pale or dark ashy gray while the underside color is white . a dark stripe , which may be obscure or distinct , runs along the mid - dorsal line from the shoulders to the rump . the scaly - tailed possum has a prehensile tail that is densely furred at the base and has nonoverlapping , thick scales for the remainder of its length . the head is short and wide with short ears . the claws are short and not strongly curved .
doody , sean j . ; david rhind c , christina m . castellano b and michael bass ( 2012 ) .
rediscovery of the scaly - tailed possum ( wyulda squamicaudata ) in the eastern kimberley
. australian mammalogy 34 ( 2 ) : 260–262 . doi : 10 . 1071 / am11039 .
in general , there is little information about scaly - tailed possum behavior . they are herbivorous , feeding primarily on the leaves of various trees and shrub species . when these phalangerids feed , individuals climb out to the outermost branches of trees and use their forelimbs to pluck leaves . scaly - tailed possums achieve stability by gripping sturdy branches with their prehensile tails . they are also proficient at moving around in tree canopies and have been recorded making branch - to - branch leaps of up to one meter .
november 2012 was a good trip – we found golden back tree rats in a couple of spots ( in the tree above our tents , it turned out ) , monjons and kimberley rock rats . this was amazing , but not the dream scaly tailed possum ( or golden bandicoots ) . i’d have to go back .
genetic analysis has confirmed that although the population is isolated , it is the same species as the west kimberley possum .
little to no data is available on which animals act as primary predators of scaly - tailed possums . it is likely , however , that feral cats , large birds of prey , and large snakes may be important predators .
as “data deficient” with a declining population trend . according to the department of environment and conservation western australia , more data must be gathered concerning the conservation status of scaly - tailed possums before they can be declared a threatened species .
once again , the holy grail evaded me – rock rats were everywhere , and we had some exciting encounters with more common species like an echidna , quolls and ningbings , but the scaly - tailed possum stayed out of reach . frustratingly , a week or so after we left one of the january sites , a possum wandered through one of the camera traps we left set in the forests . obviously i’m pleased the species is there , but i can’t help feeling that nature is cruel .
runcie , m . 2000 . biparental care and obligate monogamy in the rock - haunting possum , petropseudes dahli , from tropical australia .
the finding has also extended the habitat range of the possum by some 300 to 400 kilometres from known populations in the west kimberley .
. artesian range is in one of the least accessible parts of australia , requiring a combination of propeller - plane , serious 4wd and helicopter to get to . as amazing as it was to see these species on the screen , i instantly knew i had to go and see them in the flesh . for me , the scaly - tailed possum had become the holy grail .
notable – children ' s book council of australia a traditional dreamtime story that features the scaly - tailed possum only found in a remote part of the kimberley region of australia’s north west and the echidna , one of australia’s most unusual mammals . illustrated with paintings on silk , the story also tells of the wandjina , the creator and great spirit of the wunambal people of the kimberley .
i got the call to join two trips to the area ( in november 2012 and january 2014 ) to trap sites on possible dispersal routes out of the artesian hotspot , to see how far their ranges extend . i went to each trip with extremely high hopes , but a sleep - depriving fear that they might be too far from the centre to find the scaly - tailed possum .
of course , you can’t prove absence , but trips like this have helped determine that the artesian range’s special species seem not to venture too far . now that the inventory of neighbouring properties is drawing to a close i’ll have to get myself onto one of the trips back to the heart of this amazing , extinction - free oasis , and finally set eyes on that scaly - tailed possum .
because so few scaly - tailed possums have ever been captured , vlittle is known about their longevity or population age - structures . however , studies done on other phalangerid species have produced life expectancy statistics of 17 years for females and 12 years for males .
and are the only member of their genus . little is known about this species due to their overall secretive behavior combined with the rugged nature of their habitat . scaly - tailed possums are considered the least well understood of all phalangerids , with only 54 confirmed scientific captures .
the scaly - tailed possum is assessed as near threatened because its area of occupancy may be < 2 , 000 km 2 and may be declining , but not at a rate of 30 % in 12 years ( three generations ) . recent records are from a small number of location . survey effort of the remote area where it occurs has been insufficient to estimate the actual number of locations , but this is probably > 10 .
little is known about the effects that scaly - tailed possums have on the ecosystems they inhabit . because they have different foraging and habitat related behaviors than other closely related phalangerids , it is difficult to assess how similar their effects on the ecosystem are to those of other possums .
wemmer , c . , l . collins . 1978 . communication patterns in two phalangerid marsupials , the gray cuscus ( phalanger gymnotis ) and the brush possum ( trichosurus vulpecula ) .
scaly - tailed possums are small - to - medium sized marsupials weighing an average of 1500 grams . they have relatively small ears and a total body length averaging 415 mm for males and 375 mm for females . all individuals have gray dorsal surfaces and white ventral surfaces with naked paws and noses . many individuals also have a black stripe running down the center of their back . as their name implies , scaly - tailed possums have rough tails which are covered in scales . these tails , averaging 290 mm in length , are hairless and prehensile which enables these possums to maintain firm grips on tree branches when they forage . this type of tail is unique to
barnett , j . , r . how , w . humphreys . 1982 . habitat effects on organ weights , longevity and reproduction in the mountain brushtail possum , trichosurus caninus ( ogilby ) .
taylor , a . , p . cowan , b . fricke , d . cooper . 2000 . genetic analysis of the mating system of the common brushtail possum ( trichosaurus vulpecula ) in the new zealand farmland .
kreigenhofer , b . 2011 . exploring social interactions and olfactory communication in the common brushtail possum : implications for management : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in “conservation biology” .
it seems that artesian range is the only place in mainland australia not to have suffered any mammal extinctions since european colonisation . a community of amazing endemics has clung on – scaly - tailed possums , golden - backed tree rats , monjons , golden bandicoots and kimberley rock rats . when i was analyzing those camera trap images in 2011 i was a couple of hundred kilometres south of artesian , on awc northwest’s main home sanctuary ,
the scaly - tailed possum occurs in rugged sandstones with adjacent open woodland or closed forest , sometimes with rainforest elements . it forages mainly in trees but may venture into open areas to feed on flowers , fruits , seeds and leaves . in captivity it also eats nuts and insects . it shelters in rock piles , under rock slabs and in underground crevices . females give birth mainly in the dry season between march and august , although breeding may extend later in the dry season . a single juvenile is carried in the pouch for 150 - 200 days and is weaned after eight months . females are sexually mature at two years ( humphreys et al . 1984 ; runcie 1999 ; burbidge and webb 2008 ) .
, although there is some debate over phalangerid relationships . brush - tailed possums establish dominance hierarchies in which dominant males and females are most likely to breed with one another . in brush - tailed possums , these hierarchies are often matriarchal in structure , with females dominant to males . breeding pairs might spend up to 40 days courting before they mate . scent marking and vocalizations are used to avoid direct aggression between co - dominant individuals . it is possible that these or similar behaviors take place in
there is no robust estimate of population size . it is locally common at some sites in the north - west kimberley and on bigge island ; but is apparently uncommon in the east kimberley . a 2003 survey demonstrated persistence in prince regent national park and at mitchell plateau ( start et al . 2007 ) . recent surveys ( 2011 , 2012 ) by the australian wildlife conservancy have recorded scaly - tailed possums as locally common in the artesian range south of the prince regent ( sarah legge pers . comm . ) . it has been recently recorded on augustus island via camera trapping .
national parks within its range are managed by the department of parks and wildlife . aboriginal lands , most of which are indigenous protected areas , are managed by the wunambal gaambera aboriginal corporation and the dambimangari aboriginal corporation . artesian range sanctuary is managed by the australian wildlife conservancy . emma gorge is within the el questro pastoral lease . there is regional fire management in the western parts of its range , intensive management of fire at artesian range , and regional fire management immediately to the east of the main distribution through the ecofire project . a research project on scaly - tailed possums at artesian range ( australian wildlife conservancy / university of tasmania ) began in late 2012 , aimed at describing the impacts of fire patterns and feral cats on their ecology and survival .
we would like to thank the following people and institutions for providing samples or assisting with sample collection : christina castellano , simon clulow , rosie honin , colin mchenry , david pearson , ian radford , western australia department of environment and conservation , australian wildlife conservancy , western australian museum , south australian museum and australian museum . paleo - climate data were generously provided by jeremy vanderwal . we are also grateful to craig moritz for helpful comments on the manuscript . this research was supported by funding from the chadwick fellowship ( australian museum ) , australian geographic society and monash university .
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
mammalogists for helping to forge the nomenclatural mesh that holds our science together . * journal of mammalogy * to refer to this work as a checklist undervalues it and does not give sufficient credit to the authors and editors for their meticulous efforts in its production . a valuable reference work and a vital tool , particularly for researchers . * journal of natural history * by far the most convenient source for finding the correct scientific name of any mammal and should be on the reference shelf of libraries striving to have useful science sections . * science books and films * the editors and authors are to be congratulated for undertaking such an outstanding and authoritative work , and it should serve as a standard reference for mammalian species taxonomy for many years to come . * journal of mammalian evolution * the third edition adds to its reputation as an outstanding and authorative work . * national museum of natural history weekly update & forecast * impressive and elegant work . - - g . r . seamons * reference reviews * a must - have text for any professional mammalogist , and a useful and authoritative reference for scientists and students in other disciplines . * southeastern naturalist * a magnificent work important to anyone seriously interested in mammals . this work is essential for academic or special libraries supporting zoology or conservation and for large public libraries . * american reference books annual * as were many of our colleagues , we were waiting for this revised edition since 2003 . . . we can say that the wait was worth it . - - sergio solari and robert j . baker * journal of mammalogy *
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
major threats are inappropriate fire regimes ( too frequent , extensive and hot ) and predation by feral cats . information on the effects of these threats is limited .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
little is known about the mating system of this species . however , substantial research has been done on other phalangerid species . one such highly researched species is the
females produce only one offspring per year , between march and august . young are weaned within eight months and females and males become sexually mature at two years and 18 months , respectively .
) . as in all mammals , females invest heavily in offspring through gestation and lactation .
few intra - specific interactions have ever been witnessed . phalangerids as a group , however , are known to signal one another both chemically and with physical behaviors such as tail slapping to warn of nearby predators . like other mammals , they likely have a keen sense of smell .
hudson berkhouse ( author ) , texas a & m university , jessica light ( editor ) , texas a & m university , tanya dewey ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor .
living in australia , new zealand , tasmania , new guinea and associated islands .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
forest biomes are dominated by trees , otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males , each of which also pairs with several different females .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
heinsohn , t . 2000 . short communication : predation by the white - breasted sea eagle haliaeetus leucogaster on phalangerid possums in new ireland , papua new guinea .
humphreys , w . , r . how , a . bradley , c . kemper , d . kitchener . 1984 . the biology of wyulda squamicaudata , alexander 1919 .
mcknight , m . 2008 .
wyulda squamicaudata
( on - line ) . iucn redlist . accessed october 01 , 2015 at urltoken .
potter , s . , d . rosauer , j . doody , m . webb , m . eldridge . 2014 . persistence of a potentially rare mammalian genus ( wyulda ) provides evidence for areas of evolutionary refugia within the kimberley , australia . .
to cite this page : berkhouse , h . 2015 .
wyulda squamicaudata
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
classified as data deficient ( dd ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
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apart from the type specimen , which came from violet valley in the east kimberley , all records are from the high rainfall , near - coastal north - west kimberley of western australia ( burbidge and webb 2008 ) . it has not been recorded in east kimberley since 1917 and is thought to be extinct from here . it is also found on bigge and boongaree islands ( a . burbidge pers . comm . ) .
it is found in low open woodland , using four different types of rock formations for dens during the day ( it is highly dependent on these rock formations ) : rockpiles , sunken rockpiles , large rock slabs , and underground rock crevices ( runcie 1999 ) . at night , it feeds on four species of trees ( xanthostemon eucalyptoides , x . paradoxus , eucalyptus sp . , and planchonia careya ) ( runcie 1999 ) . one young is born between march and august ( runcie 1999 ) .
observations : not much is known about the longevity of these animals . it has been argued that they live over 6 years ( bernhard grzimek 1990 ) , but more detailed studies are lacking .
lamoreux , j . & hilton - taylor , c . ( global mammal assessment team )
listed as data deficient in view of the absence of recent information on its threats and conservation status . there is concern that its habitat quality is declining and the degree to which introduced cats pose a threat is unknown .
there have not been many surveys within its range , and there are only isolated records . the species is sparsely and patchily distributed ( runcie 1999 ) . runcie ( 1999 ) found a density of 2 . 3 - 4 . 6 possums per hectare , which is nearly five times higher than that estimated by humphreys et al . ( 1984 ) . however , the study by runcie ( 1999 ) was limited to one small area , and the results may not apply elsewhere ( a . burbidge pers . comm . ) .
there are no data on threats , but this species is probably adversely affected by changed fire regimes and predation by introduced cats . on the mitchell plateau , proposed mining activity could affect this species .
this species is occurs in prince regent nature reserve . recommended actions ( maxwell et al . 1996 ) for this species include : monitor abundance at selected sites throughout range , including the islands ; conduct research aimed at understanding the biology , ecology , conservation status , and requirements . there needs to be research on fire ecology .
groves , c . p . ( 2005 ) . wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m , eds . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . baltimore : johns hopkins university press . p . 50 . oclc 62265494 . isbn 0 - 801 - 88221 - 4 .
mcknight , m . ( 2008 ) . wyulda squamicaudata . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 28 december 2008 . database entry includes justification for why this species is data deficient
menkhorst , peter ( 2001 ) . a field guide to the mammals of australia . oxford university press . p . 84 .
potter , sally ; dan rosauer ; j . sean doody ; myfanwy j . webb ; mark d . b . eldridge ( 2014 ) .
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kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
suomuhäntäkusu
to
wyulda squamicaudata alexander , 1918
.
an endemic mammal has been rediscovered in the eastern kimberley , almost a century after its last recorded sighting .
now a cane toad research team from monash university have rediscovered it in the east kimberley .
during an ongoing study of the impacts of cane toad invasion on native fauna in wa , the team set up remote camera traps at el questro station .
“i was stunned , i’m familiar with the mammal fauna of northern australia , and knew that there were no brushtail possums with bare tails , ” dr doody says .
three of the cameras set up at emma gorge produced 20 photographs of at least four individual possums in 1 , 037 trap days .
the cameras were within 400 metres of each other on both sides of the gorge and close to the tourist trail . possums were exclusively nocturnal .
there have been concerns that the first record in 1917 was an error , if so , this represents the first discovery of the species in the eastern kimberley .
dr doody says the species may have remained elusive due to two main factors .
“it’s a nocturnal mammal occupying steep escarpments dissected by gorges , and there are not enough biologists surveying the kimberley , ” he says .
the work has helped fill the knowledge gap about the mammals in tropical australia and the study has been published in csiro ' s australian mammalogy .
the population at emma gorge currently receives protection from its location in the el questro wilderness park .
dr doody says the area will become federal property in 2015 , which should secure this important population .
less than a year after a life - threatening accident , steve plain began his journey to climb the world’s seven summits .
this month we celebrate an event 50 years ago in western new south wales that changed the course of australian history : the discovery of mungo woman .
photographer james dorey offers advice on capturing the perfect shot of our native bees .
with a hefty body , a massive wingspan , and a loud , low - pitched buzz , the tropical carpenter bee can be a pretty intimidating sight .
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over the past few years i have been spending my spare time in a remote area of the kimberley , on the northwest corner of australia , helping a conservation ngo – the australian wildlife conservancy ( awc ) – to do ecological fieldwork . awc are australia’s largest private owner of land for conservation , and their mission is to manage it based on scientific research . in the northwest their big long - term projects involve determining the effects of cattle and different fire management practices on tropical savannah ecosystems . and in my most recent two trips i’ve been lucky enough to be involved in the detection of super - scarce species in extremely remote pockets of rainforest and monsoonal woodland .
a few years ago awc acquired an amazing patch of the kimberley called artesian range – monsoonal savannah criss - crossed with sandstone ranges , gorges of vine - thickets and rainforest pockets . i remember going through the first set of remote camera trap images that came back from artestian in 2011 and being amazed at the species that were being detected .
soon after , the awc northwest ecologists ventured into artesian range for live trapping and found a number of clustered locations that these species , the “artesian specials” were found . having proved that they weren’t all extinct in this region , the next question was to determine the how far their ranges extended . if artesian range was a “sink” for the exciting mammal species , then inventories of the species in the areas that they could feasibly disperse into had to happen , on to other parts of the awc property as well as neighbouring government crown land and cattle stations .
these two times of year are actually quite challenging to work in – november’s season is known as the “build up” – the hottest and most humid time of the year , before the monsoon hits . in order to avoid the 40 + °c heat and the 80 - 95 % humidity , we would check our mammal traps between about 4am and 8 . 30am , and then sit in a cave or a pond we could be reasonably confident lacked saltwater crocodiles all day until we could venture out to reset the traps in the evening .
every four or five days the helicopter would come and drop us in a site that had the characteristic sandstone gorges with boulder fields , rainforest and vine - thicket pockets . we hauled our equipment over creeks and rock features ( rarely through creeks as saltwater crocs were everywhere : standing by camp on one of the sites one night – on a major tidal river – i counted seven between me and the far bank ) to see what species we could find . we laid traps and cameras , and spent the nights searching by spotlight .
january 2014 gave me a taste of the wet season in full swing . it’s an incredible time of swollen rivers , suddenly appearing waterfalls and six hour long thunder storms where lightning flashes more than once a second . the amazing things that the water did to the gorge - ridden landscape made it impossible to resent the inch of water in my tent .


labullinyphia is a monoypic genus of spiders in the linyphiidae family endemic to sri lanka .

the sole species is labullinyphia tersa .

it was first described in 1985 by van helsdingen .

labullinyphia

phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic genus labullinyphia van helsdingen , 1985 , with redescription . . .
benjamin , s . p . & hormiga , g . ( 2009 ) phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic genus labullinyphia van helsdingen , 1985 , with redescription of labullinyphia tersa ( simon , 1894 ) from sri lanka ( araneae : linyphiidae ) . contributions to natural history , 12 , 161–181 .
benjamin , s . p . & hormiga , g . ( 2009 ) . phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic genus labullinyphia van helsdingen , 1985 , with redescription of labullinyphia tersa ( simon , 1894 ) from sri lanka ( araneae : linyphiidae ) . contributions to natural history 12 : 161 - 181 . - - show included taxa
linyphia tersa simon , 1894a : 691 ( d f ) . labullinyphia tersa van helsdingen , 1985b : 16 , f . 5 - 7 ( t f from linyphia ) . labullinyphia tersa millidge , 1993c : 146 , f . 12 ( f ) . labullinyphia tersa benjamin & hormiga , 2009 : 169 , f . 1a - f , 2a - c , 3 , 4a - b , 5a - i , 6a - f , 7a - i , 8a - f , 9a - f ( f , d m ) .
lsid : [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 011000 ]
helsdingen , p . j . van ( 1985b ) . araneae : linyphiidae of sri lanka , with a note on erigonidae . entomologica scandinavica ( suppl . ) 30 : 13 - 30 . - - show included taxa
millidge , a . f . ( 1993c ) . further remarks on the taxonomy and relationships of the linyphiidae , based on the epigynal duct confirmations and other characters ( araneae ) . bulletin of the british arachnological society 9 : 145 - 156 . - - show included taxa
simon , e . ( 1894a ) . histoire naturelle des araignées . paris 1 , 489 - 760 . - - show included taxa
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world spider catalog , version 11 . 0 , website ( version 11 . 0 )
platnick , norman i . 2011 . the world spider catalog , v . 11 . 0 . american museum of natural history . database built by robert j . raven from the files underlying the website at urltoken doi : 10 . 5531 / db . iz . 0001
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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. . . distribution . india ( map 2 ) , sri lanka , china , southeast asia [ benjamin , 2015 ; wsc , 2016 ] . , flat dorsally , finely rugulose , covered with fine grey hairs . . . .
. . . distribution . india ( map 2 ) , pakistan and sri lanka [ benjamin , 2015 ; wsc , 2016 ] . thankful to dr krushnamegh kunte , lab 8 , national centre for biological sciences , ( bangalore , india ) for allowing me to use the stereo microscope facility and to deposit the studied specimens . . . .
. . . currently , 64 species placed in 48 genera are known from sri lanka ( world spider catalog 2015 ) . however , recent fieldwork and taxonomic work conducted by us suggests that this is only a fraction of the true diversity of the family on the island ( benjamin 2004 ( benjamin , 2006 ( benjamin , 2010 ( benjamin , 2015 . here we report results of our endeavor to survey and describe this diversity , recording three new genera for the island as well as describing four new species . . . .
i would appreciated it if you could send me a copy of this paper .
two new species of the genus myrmarachne are described ( myrmarachne acutidens sp . n . , myrmarachne epigealis sp . n . ) , and myrmarachne macrognatha and myrmarachne melanocephala are redescribed from flores specimens . the females of myrmarachne macrognatha are recorded for the first time .
the higher - level phylogenetic relationships of crab spiders ( thomisidae ) are studied from morphological data . 33 taxa are coded for 74 characters ( 53 binary and 21 multistate ) . several analyses using equal , successive and implied weights were carried out . the most parsimonious tree obtained by analysis with successive and implied weights is put forward as the preferred hypothesis of thomisid . . . [ show full abstract ]
five species of ant - mimicking jumping spiders are recorded from india : myrmarachne kuwagata yaginuma , 1967 , m . melanocephala macleay , 1839 , m . plataleoides ( o . pickard - cambridge , 1869 ) , m . prava ( karsch , 1880 ) , and m . ramunni narayan , 1915 . all these species are redescribed and illustrated in detail .
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suresh p . benjamin national institute of fundamental studies , hantana road , kandy , sri lanka .
nilani kanesharatnam national institute of fundamental studies , hantana road , kandy , sri lanka .
benjamin , s . p . ( 2004 ) taxonomic revision and a phylogenetic hypothesis for the jumping spider subfamily ballinae ( araneae , salticidae ) . zoological journal of the linnean society , 142 , 1–82 . urltoken
benjamin , s . p . ( 2006 ) the male of marengo nitida with the description of m . rattotensis new species from sri lanka ( araneae : salticidae ) . zootaxa , 1326 , 25–36 .
benjamin , s . p . ( 2010 ) revision and cladistic analysis of the jumping spider genus onomastus ( araneae : salticidae ) . zoological journal of the linnean society , 159 , 711–745 . urltoken
benjamin , s . p . ( 2011 ) phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders ( araneae : dionycha , thomisidae ) . zootaxa , 3080 , 1–108 .
bremer , k . ( 1988 ) the limits of amino acid sequence data in angiosperm phylogenetic reconstruction . evolution , 42 . 795–803 . urltoken
bremer , k . ( 1994 ) branch support and tree stability . cladistics , 10 , 295–304 . urltoken
dingerkus , g . & uhler , l . d . ( 1977 ) enzyme clearing of alcian blue stained whole small vertebrates for demonstration of cartilage . stain technology , 52 , 229–232 . urltoken
edwards , g . b . ( 2015 ) freyinae , a major new subfamily of neotropical jumping spiders ( araneae : salticidae ) . zootaxa , 4036 , 1–87 . urltoken
farris , j . s . ( 1970 ) methods for computing wagner trees . systematic zoology , 19 , 83–92 . urltoken
fitch , w . m . ( 1971 ) toward defining the course of evolution : minimum change for a specific tree topology . systematic biology , 20 , 406–416 . urltoken
galiano , m . e . ( 1962 ) redescripciones de especies del gnero lyssomanes hentz , 1845 , basadas en los ejenplares tpicos . descripcin de una especie nueva ( araneae : salticidae ) . acta zoologica lilloana , 18 , 45–97 .
galiano , m . e . ( 1980 ) revisin del gnero lyssomanes hentz , 1845 ( araneae : salticidae ) . opera lilloana , 30 , 1–104 .
goloboff , p . a . , farris , j . s . , källersj , m . , oxelman , b . , ramírez , m . j . & szumik , c . a . ( 2003 ) improvements to resampling measures of group support . cladistics , 19 , 324–332 . urltoken
goloboff , p . a . , farris , j . s . & nixon , k . ( 2008 ) tnt : a free program for phylogenetic analysis . cladistics , 24 , 774–786 . urltoken
maddison , w . p . ( 2015 ) a phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders ( araneae : salticidae ) . journal of arachnology , 43 , 231–292 . urltoken
maddison , w . p . & maddison , d . r . ( 2009 ) mesquite : a modular system for evolutionary analysis . in : version 2 . 72 urltoken
maddison , w . p . & needham , k . m . ( 2006 ) lapsiines and hisponines as phylogenetically basal salticid spiders ( araneae : salticidae ) . zootaxa , 1255 , 37–55 .
nixon , k . c . ( 2002 ) winclada . published by the author , ithaca , new york .
ono , h . ( 1995 ) four east asian spiders of the families eresidae , araneidae , thomisidae and salticidae ( arachnida , araneae ) . bulletin of the national science museum , series a ( zoology ) , 21 , 157–156 .
prószyski , j . & deeleman - reinhold , c . l . ( 2013 ) description of some salticidae ( aranei ) from the malay archipelago . iii . salticidae of borneo , with comments on adjacent territories . arthropoda selecta , 22 , 113–144 .
simon , e . ( 1900 ) tudes arachnologiques . 30e mémoire . xlvii . descriptions d ' espèces nouvelles de la famille des attidae . annales de la sociét entomologique de france , 69 , 27–61 .
wanless , f . r . ( 1980a ) a revision of the spider genera asemonea and pandisus ( araneae : salticidae ) . bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) zoology , 39 , 213–257 .
wanless , f . r . ( 1980b ) a revision of the spider genus onomastus ( araneae : salticidae ) . bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) zoology , 39 , 179–188 .
wanless , f . r . ( 1981 ) a revision of the spider genus hispo ( araneae : salticidae ) . bulletin of the british museum ( natural history ) zoology 41 , 179–198 .
world spider catalog ( 2016 ) world spider catalog . natural history museum bern . [ version 16 . 5 ] available from : urltoken ( accessed 25 april 2016 )
zhang , j . x . & li , d . ( 2005 ) four new and one newly recorded species of the jumping spiders ( araneae : salticidae : lyssomaninae & spartaeinae ) from ( sub ) tropical china . raffles bulletin of zoology , 53 , 221–229 .