the tenkile ( dendrolagus scottae ) , also known as scott 's tree-kangaroo , is a species of tree-kangaroo in the family macropodidae .

it is endemic to a very small area of the torricelli mountains of papua new guinea .

its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests .

it is threatened by habitat loss and by hunting .

the tenkile , are listed as endangered due to hunting and logging activities in papua new guinea .

the tenkile is hunted for its meat , tenkile is the main protein source for the residents of papua new guinea .

the population of papua new guinea has increased in recent years due to improvements in healthcare ; therefore increasing need in tenkile meat which means that more tenkiles are being hunted .

additionally , tenkiles are poached for their fur and are captured and sold as a part of the illegal pet trade .

domesticated dogs also hunt tenkiles .

deforestation in papua new guinea affects all tree-kangaroos , however industrial logging that occurs in the torricelli mountain range decreases the already small habitat of the tenkile .

the torricelli mountain range faces additional deforestation due to the timber industry , and the production of coffee , rice and wheat .

tenkile

picture : tenkile ( 12 kb jpeg ) ( tenkile cons . all . )
tenkile conservation alliance , inc . 2003 .
tenkile info
( on - line ) . accessed 04 / 11 / 03 at urltoken .
the diet of the tenkile includes tree leaves , ferns , and soft vines .
the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) aims to save the critically endangered tenkile , or scott ' s tree kangaroo ( dendrolagus scottae ) , from becoming extinct .
continuation of the hunting moratorium for the 18 tenkile villages and 21 weimang villages . there has been no significant hunting of any fauna within the tenkile habitat since 2004 .
since the tenkiles discovery a recovery plan has been written for the species and is being implemented by the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) . local villagers are aware of the need to conserve the tree kangaroo and in 1999 a hunting moratorium was agreed between the tenkile conservation alliance and the fourteen villages that have ownership over tenkile habitat .
diet : vines , ferns and leaves . work still required for diet of tenkile .
the tenkile conservation alliance is a non - government organisation based in papua new guinea .
the tenkile is one of the most endangered mammal species in the world with as few as one hundred individuals remaining . so it is really now or never to save the tenkile .
the tenkile is diurnal and mainly terrestrial , although it climbs trees to rest and escape predators .
“ before the establishment of this program , our grand parents , parents and even my family killed tenkile for meat . but since the signing of the moratorium , tenkile numbers have increased ” .
everyone knows if you have killed a tenkile . they call smell it on your hands for at least a week . there is no way to wash off the scent of tenkile . . .
humans use tenkile tree kangaroos as a source of food and fur and sometimes keep them as pets .
establishment of chicken farms in all villages . distribution of 100 half caste austrolops chickens to tenkile villages .
the tenkile is classified as critically endangered ( cr ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
- - peter , an olo hunter of wilbeitei describing the musty odour of tenkile , february 1990 .
establishment and maintenance of seven tenkile research sites and one weimang research site ( more to be completed ) .
information on the tenkile ( dendrolagus scottae ) is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
euan ritchie spoke to urltoken about the tenkile ' s decline , and his new project to conserve the species .
local names : tenkile ( olo ) , rengile ( one ) , teklel ( elke ) and tikisir ( yel ) .
the success and future conservation goals of the tenkile conservation alliance are the subjects of a new documentary , into the jungle .
major improvements in the rabbit farming success in several tenkile villages , one village having bred more than 300 rabbits since 2004 .
the tenkile conservation alliance is a non - profit organization promoting public awareness and conservation of tree kangaroos in papua new guinea .
continuation of the hunting moratorium for all participating villages which has increased to 20
tenkile
villages and 30
weimang
villages . there has been no significant hunting of any fauna within the tenkile habitat since 2004 or in the weimang habitat since 2007 .
conservation area management committees established in all tenkile villages and significant capacity building conducted for all committee members in scientific knowledge and management .
twenty transects have been prepared with 206 survey points in tenkile habitat . gps locations for base line and some point stations obtained .
flannery 1995 , iucn 1994 , iucn 1996 , iucn 2000 , iucn 2003a , iucn 2004 , kennedy 1992 , tenkile cons . all .
the tenkile , or the scott ' s tree kangaroo ( dendrolagus scottae ) could be a cross between a koala bear and a puppy . with it ' s fuzzy dark fur , long tail and snout , and tiny ears , it ' s difficult to imagine a more adorable animal . it ' s also difficult to imagine that the tenkile is one of the most endangered species on earth : only an estimated 300 remain . according to the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) , the tenkile ' s trouble stems from a sharp increase of human settlements in the torricelli mountain range . once relatively isolated , the tenkile now struggles to avoid hunters and towns while still having sufficient range to live in .
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massicot , p . 2002 .
animal info
( on - line ) . tenkile . accessed 04 / 11 / 03 at urltoken .
preliminary results from distance sampling research indicate a significant increase in the population of tenkile . approximately 160 ( 2004 ) to 307 ( 2008 ) .
since the pair starting working with communities in png , jim says the number of tenkile have trebled from a disastrously low 100 to approximately 300 .
i undertook a study of tenkile between 1990 and 1992 . an important component of that study was radio - tracking . this proved to be very difficult , for the habitat of the remaining tenkile is very steep , wet and covered in dense , sometimes almost impenetrable , mossy scrub . because of high hunting pressure , tenkile is also extremely wary . during our radio - tracking work we saw a tenkile only once . at other times all we heard was a crash as a tracked animal fled down a gully , or else we tracked it to a tree but could not sight it .
conservation area management committees established in all tenkile and weimang villages and significant capacity building conducted for all committee members in scientific knowledge and natural resources management .
tenkile tree kangaroos impact plant communities in the ecosystems in which they live through their predation on plants . little is known of other impacts they may have .
preliminary results from distance sampling research indicate a significant increase in the population of tenkile from approximately 160 ( in 2004 ) to 240 ( in 2006 ) .
habitat : tenkile is found between 900 - 1 , 700 meters above sea level in the torricelli mountain range . the total habitat area probably does not exceed 125 square kilometers . the vegetation is mid - montane rainforest containing podocarpous , libocedrus , auraucaria , rapanea and syzygium species . tenkile is thought to feed on vines including the scaveola and tetracera species , epiphytic ferns and leaves from various forest plants . however , no studies have been done on the diet of the tenkile . at present a tenkile ' s diet is being compiled via the knowledge of the local people and a herbarium of these plant species is being prepared .
euan ritchie , an ecology lecturer at deakin university in queensland , has united with the tenkile conservation alliance to begin a camera survey in papua new guinea ' s ( png ) torricelli mountains , where the tenkile and other critically endangered animals persist . as the first comprehensive wildlife camera trap study in the torricelli range , the joint study endeavors to estimate population numbers and habitat of the tenkile , as well as other critically endangered species to discover their population numbers and habits .
there are presently thought to be two subspecies of dendrolagus scottae - tenkile and fiwo . fiwo is yet to receive a latin name . tenkile is restricted to the torricelli mountain range whilst fiwo is located in the adjacent bewani mountain range . little data has been collected on fiwo , however it is thought that it could reside in much of the bewani mountains with a range greater than 250 square kilometers . fiwo appears to be smaller than tenkile , an adult male weighed 9 . 5kg ( compared to adult male tenkile = 11 . 5kg ) and an adult female weighed 6 . 8kg ( compared to adult female tenkile = 9 . 5kg ) . a lot more work is required on fiwo . presently , fiwo is not under threat due to hunting because , unlike tenkile , it is not surrounded by a large human population . fiwo has a small distribution and has therfore been classified as vulnerable . tca aims to conduct surveys for fiwo when funding becomes available .
cause of decline : it is thought the population of tenkile could have been as low as 100 individividuals when tca was established in 2001 . results from distance sampling research estimate the population to be now over 200 ( october 2006 ) . this makes the tenkile one of the most endangered mammals in the world . the cause of their decline is predominantly due to an increase of human population in the vicinity of the torricelli mountains and consequently an increase of hunting pressure on the animal . in the past hunters recall seeing tenkile in groups of four ( possibly a pair with two young ) and historically found them closer to their villages . now tenkile is rarely seen by the villagers . when people are lucky enough to see a tenkile there is usually only one animal or very occasionally a pair . hunters believe it has drastically reduced in number and in range compared to 50 years ago . even some hunters remember killing as many as six tenkile in a day less than 30 years ago .
the rainforest canopy on the southern side of mount somoro is now the only home to tenkile tree kangaroos . this habitat is at elevations of 900 to 1500 meters .
whilst conducting distance sampling at bibane , villagers from tolgete and sarbute came across three tenkile in the same tree . the team were able to successfully capture one of these animals . the other two were too fast for the team . the captured tenkile was a female weighing 7 . 7kg and has been named
suna
by the landowners .
the conservation of the tenkile has been recognised as a high priority by the waza in situ conservation workshop held at the khaow kheow open zoo , thailand , in 2001 .
many species here occur nowhere else on earth . one such species is the tenkile , or scott’s tree kangaroo , the tca’s namesake and a critically endangered marsupial first described in1989 .
the successful breeding of rabbits in tenkile villages has led to two people being trained as “rabbit farming trainers” . these trainers have successfully completed rabbit courses to all 21 weimang villages .
the tenkile conservation alliance was originally established by a network of zoos , the png museum , local government and individuals that wanted to work towards the recovery of the critically endangered scott’s tree kangaroo ( dendrolagus scottae ) locally known as tenkile . a hunting moratorium was established with 13 villages in 1999 and this has grown to include 20 villages that have tenkile on their land . a further 30 villages that have the critically endangered weimang , or golden - mantled tree kangaroo , ( dendrolagus pulcherrimus ) have also joined the alliance and now comprises over 12 , 000 people .
the successful breeding of rabbits in tenkile villages has led to two people being trained as
rabbit farming trainers
. these trainers have successfully completed rabbit training courses to 24 weimang villages .
* * * the tenkile has a powerful odor which persists for up to a week on the hands of someone who has picked up one of the animals . * * * in 1990 , flannery discovered another population of the tenkile to the west of the main population . animals from this newly found subpopulation were much smaller and may represent an undescribed subspecies . ( flannery 1995 )
the ultimate goal of the tenkile conservation alliance is : to improve health , provide education and so relieve poverty as well as protect biodiversity and the cultures of rainforest communities in papua new guinea .
jim thomas tenkile conservation alliance p . o box 1304 wewak east sepik province n / a papua new guinea tel : n / a mob : + 675 7651 3448 fax : n / a
mr jim thomas , director of tca , said “ the tenkile conservation alliance applied for membership to iucn to increase its network within the fields of conservation , animal classification and human development . ”
a sense of pride among communities – men cried when they saw the tenkile photo taken from a camera trap and when the animals were seen on peoples land for the first time in 20 years .
tim flannery was the first scientist to describe the tenkile in 1989 . he has been a very important scientist for discovering and naming many species of fauna within png , west papua and the surrounding islands .
there are eight species of tree kangaroos living in papua new guinea . one of them , the tenkile , or scott ' s tree kangaroo ( dendrolagus scottae ) , was discovered as late as 1989 .
the tenkile , or the scottâ€™s tree kangaroo ( dendrolagus scottae ) could be a cross between a koala bear and a puppy . with it ' s fuzzy dark fur , long tail and snout , and tiny ears , it ' s difficult to imagine a more adorable animal . it ' s also difficult to imagine that the tenkile is one of the most endangered species on earth : only an estimated 300 remain .
mathew was born in the torricelli mountains and witnessed first hand the decline in the region’s fauna . in 1999 he led a group of stakeholders from 13 villages from across the region to stop the hunting of tenkile .
according to the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) , the tenkile ' s trouble stems from a sharp increase of human settlements in the torricelli mountain range . once relatively isolated , the tenkile now struggles to avoid hunters and towns while still having sufficient range to live in . the tca also suggests the cultural shift in papua new guineaâ€™s torricelli natives could contribute to the animal ' s decline : an influx of catholic missionaries lead to a mass conversion of many of the natives . while the tenkileâ€™s habitat was traditionally off limits for hunting for fear of spirits , the natives now hunt there regularly ; instead of bows and arrows , they use guns .
unfortunately , the combination of all these factors has strongly affected the tenkile population . when the conservation programme was first proposed in 1998 , as few as 100 individuals were estimated to remain in the wild . this made the tenkile one of the most endangered mammals in the world . the cause for the decline was predominantly the increase in human population and consequently increased hunting pressure on the animals , which is now only rarely seen by the villagers
the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) has become the first organisation from papua new guinea to join iucn . today iucn welcomed the tca into the union following their membership approval at the 82nd meeting of the iucn council .
tca is in the process of establishing the torricelli mountain range as a legally protected area . over 185 , 000 hectares of rainforest and biodiversity will be protected including critically endangered species such as the tenkile and weimang tree kangaroos .
recognised as the most threatened of all tree kangaroo species , the tenkile’s range is today restricted to only 150 km 2 of rainforest . like many marsupials , tenkiles are slow breeding . growing human population has led to significant increases in the hunting of wild species for food and tenkile have declined dramatically over the past 30 years as a result . their decline also compromises the wellbeing of local communities who traditionally depend on wildlife for protein , with low levels of nutrition now common .
papua new guinean , mathew akon is senior project officer of the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) , an ngo established in 2001 dedicated to the conservation of the remote torricelli mountain range , a 250 , 000 ha area rich in wildlife .
significant capacity building implemented to ensure local ownership and management of tenkile and other wildlife in the research sites across the torricelli mountain range . all scientific data are collected by tca’s research and distance sampling officers , independent of the tca project manager .
tenkile is a large , black , aromatic tree - kangaroo which is restricted to a small area on the summit of the torricelli mountains in northwestern papua new guinea . it is rather similar in appearance to doria ' s tree - kangaroo (
bravo & congratulations to all of the @ fpa2 2018 awardees , and thank you for your commitment to a # sustainable world . # victorpochat @ tenkile ’s jim thomas @ ipcc _ ch @ profterryhughes # biodiversity # climatechange # fpa2018 # monacomoments urltoken
i work with tca to save my environment in the torricelli mountain range - png . i am proud of the animals we have here such as tenkile . conservation is the way to save all the environment and animals for my children .
the tenkile is a marsupial that weighs about 10 kg ( 22 lb ) . it is found in mossy mountain forests from 900 - 1500 m ( 3000 - 5000 ' ) . the diet of the tenkile includes tree leaves , ferns , and soft vines . this tree kangaroo is diurnal and mainly terrestrial . it probably breeds throughout the year , with females giving birth at 12 month intervals . in the past , family groups of up to 4 individuals were seen . however , most recent sightings have been of solitary individuals or a female and young pair . the tenkile was apparently more common and widespread in the past . it is currently found in three locations in sandaun province in northwestern papua new guinea . hunting is its main threat .
there are many valuable ways in which you can contribute to the tenkile conservation alliance’s vision – which is , the people of png value and protect their natural resources , their community and their culture . click ' contribute ' button above to learn more .
tenkile tree kangaroos are found only papua new guinea , and only in sandaun province along the torricelli mountains in the rainforests on the southern side of mount sumoro . today , the total area occupied by these tree kangaroos is only about 50 square kilometers .
the torricelli mountains on png’s north coast are home to the scotts tree kangaroo – known locally as the tenkile - which is the biggest of the attractive and elusive animals . “they get to about 14 kilos , the big males . ” says jim thomas .
significant capacity building implemented to ensure local ownership and management of tenkile , weimang and other wildlife in the research sites across the torricelli mountain range . since 2007 all scientific data was collected by tca’s research officers and distance sampling officers , independent of the tca director .
i worked with the tca as a village representative from 2004 - 2007 . since 2008 i have been a local project officer . i really love the program because in no other part of the world can you find the tenkile and weimang tree kangaroos .
tca works directly with the local people representing 13 different language groups and unique cultures from 50 villages within two provinces of remote papua new guinea . together we form the tenkile conservation alliance . to find out more about this amazing organisation watch the 10 minute video below .
landowner agreement to establish a conservation area within the torricelli mountain range with the 20 tenkile villages and 30 weimang villages . all these villages have designated hunting areas from non - hunting areas and written their own rules and penalties for the long - term management of the area .
species . wild populations are rapidly declining , and is now thought to be less than 200 individuals . this is about a 75 % reduction since the species was first discovered . the main reason for these falling numbers is hunting by the increasing human population and habitat loss . to deal with this unfortunate population decline , the tenkile conservation alliance was formed in 1999 . this conservation group is working to maintain the failing habitat of this rare species . if action is not taken soon , the tenkile population is likely to be extinct within just a few years .
the tenkile conservation alliance ( tca ) , was originally established in 2001 , to protect the unique biodiversity of the torricelli mountain range ; png . tca uses the tree kangaroos as flagship species for achieving broad forest conservation outcomes with a main objective to establish this mountain range as a legislated conservation area .
the tenkile conservation alliance was formed after villagers noticed the number of tree kangaroos was plummeting . “the people had signed an agreement not to hunt , and then soon after we came in and started realising that it wasn’t just a matter of getting people not to hunt the animals , ” says thomas .
landowner agreement to establish a conservation area within the torricelli mountain range with the 18 tenkile villages and 21 weimang villages . all these villages have designated hunting areas from non - hunting areas and written their own rules and penalties for the long - term management of the area except for six weimang villages .
the aim of this project has been to determine the effect of the two year hunting moratorium and assess current population status and trends for tenkile in the torricelli mountains using skilled png nationals . a pacific biological foundation grant has been pivotal in engaging villagers in the design and delivery of this conservation activity .
jim’s wife jean has been a crucial partner in the tenkile conservation alliance . for two years the pair walked the steep mountainous tracks between villages , learnt to speak tok pisin and consulted with communities about how they could help to save the species . jean also introduced a conservation program into the local schools .
the northern slopes of the torricelli mountains are steep and abrupt . today , these slopes are the last refuge of tenkile . the southern slopes , however , extend gently towards the sepik plain , and here there are extensive , flat , fertile areas lying between about 600 and 900 metres elevation . these areas were always well - populated , but today they support a very dense concentration of people . this largely catholic area has seen a trebling of its population since the second world war . large villages are now situated only about four hours ' walk from tenkile ' s habitat , and human hunting pressure is intense .
the tenkile after which the organisation is called , also known as scott’s tree kangaroo , is endemic to papua new guinea and restricted to a small area . they are threatened by hunting for food and by destruction of their forest habitat , as are the weimang , black - spotted cuscus and the northern glider .
the difficulties facing tenkile are compounded by the abandonment of many traditional practices and beliefs among the olo . the termination of warfare means that intertribal boundaries are no longer such dangerous places to visit and hunters can spend days there with impunity ( in earlier times , only fleeting , secretive visits were made ) . belief in forest
one curious feature of tenkile ' s behaviour , well known to local hunters , is that it is much easier to find in april - may . this is the wet season , when it migrates out of the steep , inaccessible gullies and up onto the ridgetops and mountain summits , where it is more easily located .
due to high topographical constraints in the torricelli mountains eg much of the terrain within d . scottae s estimated range is too precipitous for dung surveys , the transect lines could not be extended as far as planned . this is likely to lead to the failure of applying the methods used in the remainder of tenkiles range .
now that an initial estimate of the population density of tenkile has been achieved , the tca are in a position to begin to assess the impact of the hunting moratorium and incorporate this into the extension and development of further field research and conservation efforts . the work undertaken so far has confirmed that the population size is critically low . without a continuing input from the tca and generous supporters like apbf , the chances for the long - term survival of the species are certainly low . coupled with this program , an intrinsic part of the tenkile recovery will be improved levels of trust and understanding between the people of the torricelli mountains and external organisations involved .
you might find it hard to believe , but some kangaroos live in trees ! tree kangaroos are one of the world’s best kept wildlife secrets . but in papua new guinea , they are struggling for survival : they are being hunted to extinction . a few years ago , the entire world population of the tenkile , one of . . .
waza conservation project 04016 is implemented by the tenkile conservation alliance with 11 full - time employees , led by jim and jean thomas from melbourne , australia . the project ' s major partners previously were zoos victoria and australian volunteers international , with additional annual support from perth zoo and grants from other donors , including saint louis zoo ' s wildcare institute .
the tenkile was apparently more common and widespread in the past . it is currently found in sandaun province in northwestern papua new guinea , in three locations along the summits of the torricelli mountains in the region between yonkeitei and wigotei villages in the fatima area . its total habitat area probably does not exceed 50 sq km ( 19 sq mi ) . ( flannery 1995 )
there is no doubt that tenkile has declined dramatically over the past 50 years . old men recalled having hunted it on the lower northern slopes in areas that today are adjacent to gardens . the total present - clay population may be little more than a few hundred . if it is not protected soon it may be lost , just as the golden - mantled tree - kangaroo (
the island of new guinea contains 7 % of the world’s biodiversity and is the third largest expanse of tropical rainforest following the amazon and congo . the torricelli mountain range , north - west papua new guinea ( png ) , is unique in that it is the only place known that is home to three species of tree kangaroo , the scott’s tree kangaroo ( tenkile ) , the golden - mantled tree kangaroo ( weimang ) and the grizzled tree kangaroo ( yongi ) . other endemic species include the black - spotted cuscus ( png’s largest cuscus ) and the northern glider . the tenkile , weimang , black - spotted cuscus and northern glider are all classified as critically endangered by the iucn . the torricelli’s , therefore have a high level of endemism and biodiversity significance .
“ having iucn status will mean tca can be more aligned with governments and therefore be able to make a greater impact on the people , their environment and the unique species that tca was established to protect , such as the critically endangered tenkile ( dendrolagus scottae ) , weimang ( d . pulcherrimus ) , black - spotted cuscus ( spilocuscus rufoniger ) and northern glider ( petaurus abidi ) , ” mr thomas said .
successful research teams have been established with 18 villages since 2003 , with more than 100 people employed each year through tca’s tenkile distance sampling research . now the goal is to establish a 96 , 000ha protected conservation area at the core of the torricelli range . mathew and tca are working directly with the region’s 39 villages to inspire support for the project , using tenkiles and another critically endangered tree kangaroo species , the weimang , as flagship species . training will then enable the communities to effectively manage the conservation area themselves .
has also broken down , and people now feel free to hunt in areas where previously no - one would enter for fear of the spirits . sweipini , one of the most important of these refuges , lost its status as a sacred place in 1990 . within a few months , many tree - kangaroos had been killed there . i visited sweipini a few months afterwards , accompanied by kaspar seiko , a village elder and the only man previously allowed to visit the area . he commented sadly that the tenkile were now all gone . the only signs i could find were a few old scratches on tree trunks .
individuals have a strong odor , which can last for up to a week on items that an animal comes in contact with ( e . g . a handler ' s hands ) . another interesting tidbit about these animals is how they received the common name ' scott ' s tree kangaroo ' . the story is that there was a trust fund named after a man called winifred scott . after his death in 1985 , the permanent trustee company , a co - trustee of the scott trust , donated the trust income to an australian museum research program . participants in this program discovered the tenkile . in honor of winifred , this species of tree kangaroo was given the name scott ' s tree kangaroo .
since the introduction of catholic missions 50 years ago , the local people have access to better medical supplies and improved hygiene . consequently the human population has trebled since world war 2 . missionaries have also been responsible for altering traditional beliefs and customs , which have affected or increased the hunting pressure on certain species within the torricelli mountains . for example the traditional conservation areas known as
ples masalai
were strictly off - limits for fear of evil spirits . the traditional land boundaries are no longer heavily fought over and people feel free to hunt on other people’s land . the introduction of guns and torches has made hunting much easier than the traditional bow and arrow . unfortunately the combination of all these factors have taken its toll on the population of the tenkile .
jean began her career with animals by breeding laboratory mice for medical research and then moved into the zoo industry working with native fauna at both healesville sanctuary and melbourne zoo . she has a bachelor of science and a diploma of education and over the years has also worked with other endangered species such as the eastern barred bandicoot and new holland mouse . jean spent her honey moon with jim banding orange - bellied parrots in the wilds of tasmania and after a year of teaching in a high school she now works with her husband managing the tenkile conservation alliance . jean ' s role with tca is very broad including the development and implementation of most of tca’s training programs , staff professional and personal development , administration , accounting , operations , pr and social media updates .
jim is a passionate and concerned conservationist with a strong work ethic who is determined and motivated to succeed in protecting endangered species and their habitats . an independent self - motivated person , culturally sensitive and internationally travelled . jim is fluent in pidgin english or tok pisin and experienced in papua new guinea culture . he has excellent common sense and decision making ability . having a gregarious nature and working well either within a team environment , solo or in a capacity of teaching or leadership are all qualities that enable him to excel as the director of the tenkile conservation alliance . jim is a la trobe university distinguished alumni award winner ( 2012 ) , deakin university adjunct fellow and was rated highly commended for the peter rawlinson conservation hero award in 2013 . he was awarded the australian geographic conservationist of the year award in 2013 with his wife jean .
jean is a hard - working , goal orientated person who is self - motivated and energized when given a task . an influential speaker who is culturally sensitive and internationally travelled . fluent in pidgin english and experienced in papua new guinea culture . she has an ability to transform complicated text and higher thinking concepts into a simple format that has been a key strength in her teaching capabilities . jean has been responsible for the capacity building of the tenkile conservation alliance , designed , produced and conducted various training programs including village drama , teacher training , natural resources management , project management , health ( water / sanitation / hygiene / nutrition / hiv / family planning ) and livestock husbandry . this has lead to community engagement and mobilization among 50 villages and the protection of 200 , 000 hectares of rainforest . consequently jean was awarded the future for nature award in 2010 , the age magazine top 100 most influential and interesting people in 2010 , australian geographic conservationist of the year in 2013 and telstra business women award for social and purpose enterprise in victoria 2015 .
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reproduction : possibly breeds year round with perhaps a young born each year . young become independent after 2 years . a lot more work required in this area .
references : mammals of new guinea – tim flannery ( 1995 ) and tree kangaroos - a curious natural history – tim flannery , roger martin and alexandra szalay ( 1996 ) . illustrations peter schouten . urltoken
averages 10 kg . tree kangaroos have bodies that are built for climbing up and down trees and for moving along tree branches . the tail is similar to that of other macropods , but the tenkiles are more adapted for maneuvering through the upper levels of the rainforest . good balance and agility are needed to be able to jump or move from tree to tree without falling to the forest floor . these qualities are enhanced by the tenkiles ' floppy tails . large foreclaws enable these animals to grasp tree branches and climb through the canopy with ease . their fur is a dark brown color and , like many other marsupials , they have a pouch used in the development of offspring .
research on scott ' s tree kangaroos suggests that these animals breed throughout most of the year . females will give birth to young at 12 month intervals . like most macropods , scott ' s tree kangaroos give birth to one offspring at a time .
species , gestation lasts about 32 days , young emerge from the pouch at about 305 days , and cease to crawl into the pouch to suckle at 408 days .
like other kangaroos , female scott ' s tree kangaroos carry their young in a pouch until the joey is large enough and old enough to emerge . this time period is usually ten to twelve months . the young are nursed from birth until the young are more than a year old .
tenkiles or scott ' s tree kangaroos are diurnal and mainly terrestrial , though they can climb to escape predators and danger . native people report that they were previously encountered mainly in groups of 4 animals , including a male , female , and their young , but are more commonly found as solitary females and young in recent years , this may be the result of severe population declines in recent years . in the wild , females may have a few acres as their territory , while males maintain a much larger territory .
species are mainly arboreal . they are capable of large leaps from the ground into the trees and from tree to tree . on the ground they move with small hops . on the ground the tail is held arched over their back and the head leans far forward . related females may form social groups that cooperate in defense against unfamiliar males .
little is known about how tenkiles communicate , however it is likely that they use the full suite of available senses to communicate and perceive their environment , including vision , chemical cues , touch , and hearing .
tenkiles , or scott ' s tree kangaroos , are mainly herbivorous . their primary diet consists of tree leaves , ferns , and soft vines . they may forage in the trees or on the ground .
the main predator of scott ' s tree kangaroos is humans . tribal hunters in the areas of the torricelli mountains are hunting these animals resulting in rapidly decreasing populations . they are used for meat and skins . the young are also being killed for their skins , or they are being captured and kept as pets . little is known about any anti - predator adaptations in this species .
lindsay cosens ( author ) , michigan state university , barbara lundrigan ( editor ) , michigan state university .
living in australia , new zealand , tasmania , new guinea and associated islands .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the business of buying and selling animals for people to keep in their homes as pets .
rainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
zoological parks and gardens board . 1998 .
melbourne zoo
( on - line ) . scott ' s tree kangaroo . accessed 04 / 11 / 03 at urltoken .
permanent trustee company , ltd . 2003 .
wills , trusts , and estate planning
( on - line ) . media releases . accessed 04 / 11 / 03 at . urltoken .
to cite this page : cosens , l . 2004 .
dendrolagus scottae
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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1 . profile ( picture ) 2 . tidbits 3 . status and trends ( iucn status , countries where currently found , history of distribution , threats and reasons for decline ) 4 . data on biology and ecology ( weight , habitat , birth season , birth rate , diet , behavior , social organization ) 5 . references
it is found in mossy mountain forests from 900 - 1500 m ( 3000 - 5000 ' ) .
in the past , hunters reported encountering groups of up to 4 individuals ( consisting of an adult male , female and 1 - 2 young ) . however , most recent encounters have been with solitary individuals or a female and young pair . ( flannery 1995 )
© 1999 - 2014 animal info . endangered animals of the world . sj contact us .
tca’s vision is for the people of papua new guinea to value and protect their natural resources , communities and cultures in the context of advancing the overall well being of their communities and their places .
provide urgent and necessary services to rainforest communities in papua new guinea that result in the relief of poverty and improve health .
facilitate processes that provide opportunity for rainforest communities in papua new guinea to govern , manage and protect their biological and cultural richness from exploitation .
implement a bottom up approach to achieving all of tca’s goals and objectives . to ensure rainforest communities are enabled with their own freedom of choice , as they advance into the 21st century , working towards self - determination of their communities .
underpinning the primary goal are five objectives with clear activities or projects to be delivered in order to move towards achieving our ultimate goal . these are detailed below .
develop alternate livelihood strategies within rainforest communities to alleviate poverty and hunger to improve health as well as minimise the existing hunting pressure on wildlife , enabling the sustainable use of their natural resources . read more .
develop sustainable sources of income for the organisation and local stakeholders . complementing the organisation’s mission , benefitting the people of papua new guinea and the sustainability of their communities and country . papua new guineans to successfully lead , manage and administer their own projects and organisations , with current , solid and transparent governance .
establish the torricelli mountain range as a legislated protected area to ensure the protection of all biodiversity and culture . read more .
implement a monitoring and evaluation program to assess the effectiveness of the above activities in conserving biodiversity within the torricelli mountain range . read more .
participate in redd + ( reduced emissions from avoided deforestation and degradation ) & pes ( payment for environmental services ) - to combat global warming & climate change , relieve poverty and improve health . read more .
it was quickly realised that in order to protect the tree kangaroos the tca needed to work very closely with the local communities that hunted the animals for food . alternative protein sources were established in the form of rabbit farming , chicken farming and fish farming . the tca also realised that sustainable development and success of these projects required basic service delivery to the village communities . since 2004 the tca has delivered water , sanitation , hygiene and health projects throughout the 50 participating communities ‘providing tangible health benefits’ . . tca embeds training and capacity building activities into all of its programs to ensure long term sustainability and community ownership .
complete handover of rabbit and chicken farming projects to local stakeholders . leadership in rabbit farming identified ( vincent kelele – wigote village ) and supported by tca as required .
local capacity built with the training and supervision of 16 project officers to implement the water , sanitation and hygiene project .
successful installation of 350 x 1000 gallon tuffa tanks and 303 vip toilets throughout 50 participating villages .
delivery of health and hygiene education program to 50 villages including community led total sanitation ( clts ) , participatory health and sanitation transformation ( phast ) and tca’s own interactive hiv / aids and family planning awareness program .
delivery of water and sanitation project management course focusing on managing attitudes and behaviour among participating communities to ensure project success .
partnership with wateraid ( australia ) in place to continue improving water and sanitation throughout project area .
local project supervisors employed and significant management responsibilities delegated to ensure future sustainability of tca project management .
significant improvements to tca base - lumi including community accommodation , staff accommodation and research station .
training manual produced and workshops held to build capacity among local research officers and distance sampling officers in point transect distance sampling techniques .
initial work on camera trapping , since 2011 , has recorded the three tree kangaroos , many mammals and birds . some species recorded are new species to science .
community conservation education programs conducted since 2003 – school visits , teacher training , puppet shows , radio programs , drama education programs have all been implemented throughout the project area , motivating and engaging thousands of people leading to the participation of 50 moratorium villages .
tca has identified that the local communities are very much in tune with their environmental , social and economic needs . people know exactly what they want . the tca has worked very closely with 50 village communities at the foothills of the torricelli mountain range for over a decade . during this time we have developed a very strong relationship built on trust , integrity , transparency and accountability . at the heart of our work is an amalgamation and mutual respect of combining scientific and traditional knowledge . we work towards the protection of natural resources , building community cohesiveness and respecting traditional cultures within png .
commitment from local communities – there has been no hunting of the tree kangaroos for over a decade .
village cohesiveness – communities have worked together despite prior disputes in order to deliver water tanks by foot into the villages .
this program is an outstanding model of how effective conservation outcomes may be achieved and assessed in developing communities when they are coupled with development of sustainable resource , economic and social alternatives .
the wwf is run at a local level by the following offices . . .
tree kangaroos are unique macropods who have adapted to a life in trees . loss of habitat and uncontrolled hunting have forced many species close to extinction .
unlike their close cousins , the tree kangaroo ' s arms and legs are approximately the same length . tree kangaroos also have much stronger fore - limbs to help in climbing the trees they inhabit . size length : 41 - 77cm tail length : 40 - 87cm weight : up to 14 . 5kg habitat montane tropical foresst range states : indonesia , papua new guinea , australia population & distribution tree kangaroos have suffered from loss of habitat , and many species have suffered severe reductions in their range . the wondiwoi tree kangaroo is critically endangered ( possibly extinct ) with as few as 50 individuals remaining . similarly , the critically endangered dingiso has suffered a population decline in excess of 80 % over the last 30 years . diet living in the trees , the tree kangaroo eats mostly leaves and fruit , although they will also collect fruit that has fallen to the ground . the animals will also eat other items such as grains , flowers , sap , eggs , young birds , and even bark .
bennett ' s tree - kangaroo ( dendrolagus bennettianus ) on the branch of a tree . the bennett ' s tree - kangaroo is a rare and vulnerable arboreal marsupial , australia .
the major threats facing tree kangaroo species are hunting and habitat loss . tree kangaroos have been hunted for food by indigenous communities across their range . for a number of species , this factor alone has contributed to a sharp decline in population numbers . habitat loss and degradation means that many species now inhabit a restricted range . habitat has been removed for logging and timber production , or converted to coffee , rice or wheat production . this loss of habitat can also expose tree kangaroos to predation by domestic dogs .


caridina dennerli is a small species of freshwater shrimp from sulawesi ( indonesia ) that grows up to 2.5 centimetres ( 1.0 in ) in length .

it takes its name from the german company dennerle , which supported the expedition that led to the scientific description of the species .

it is popularly known as the ' cardinal shrimp ' in the aquarium trade .

caridina dennerli

common name : cardinal shrimp , white glove shrimp , dennerli shrimp scientific name : caridina dennerli wild origin : indonesia – endemic to lake matano maximum size : 2 . 5cm or 1 inches
hi i have a number of caridina dennerli for sale looking for £10 each as v . rarely found , would be a lot more in retail shops .
harlequin sulawesi shrimp - caridina cf . spongicola - bucephalandra - export import plants & fish indonesia
caridina dennerli is one of the most amazing shrimp in our hobby . it is no breeding form but from the wild . their natural habitat is at the indonesian island of sulawesi . view
dancing dennerlis
and get some advices to keep and breed these shrimp .
dennerle supports this work , true to the motto
experience nature
and in return sponsors the species name for the cardinal shrimp which has only just been described scientifically . in memory of the spiritual father of natural aquatics , ludwig dennerle , it has the scientific species name
caridina dennerli
.
dennerle supports them in this work true to the motto
experience nature
and in return sponsors the species name for the cardinal shrimp , which has only just been described scientifically . in memory of the spiritual father of natural aquatics , ludwig dennerle , it has the scientific species name
caridina dennerli
.
caridina dennerli shrimp is
difficult
to keep as specific water parameters has to be provided . you may keep it alive or breed in almost any hard water but for best please see water parameters below . this is also very timid shrimp and does best in high numbers , only then shrimp will become brave enough to get out of cover . shrimp is very sensitive and can die from stress during transport or sudden temperature drop therefore this is pick up only shrimp !
the larvae of certain varieties grow up in the sea . these need salt water to develop . breeding these varieties in an aquarium is considerably more difficult , and in some cases impossible . the best known example here is the “amano shrimp” , caridina multidentata .
von rintelen , k . ; and cai , y . ( 2009 ) . radiation of endemic species flocks in ancient lakes : systematic revision of the freshwater shrimp caridina h . milne edawrds , 1837 ( crustacea : decapoda : atyidae ) from the ancient lakes of sulawesi , indonesia , with the description of eight new species . raffles bulletin of zoology 57 : 343 - 352 .
caridina spongicola is endemic to lake towuti , [ 6 ] the largest and southernmost lake in the malili complex of the island of sulawesi , fed by a river that flows from the lake to the boni bay . it is only known from the northwestern arm of lake towuti , but it can be locally common , with as many as 137 individuals recorded on a single sponge and one study finding an average of about 29 individuals per sponge . this soft - tissued , undescribed species of sponge is also restricted to the northwestern arm of the lake and reaches up to about 20 cm ( 8 in ) in diameter . [ 4 ] the similar shrimp caridina woltereckae is restricted to the same lake , but it is found throughout it and not associated with sponges . [ 7 ]
the fire shrimp is considered one of the most attractive fresh water shrimps belonging to the caridina genus . the fire shrimp has only recently been discovered . it lives in lake matano on the indonesian island of sulawesi . as a rock dweller it spends most of its life between and under the rocks . the lake has a high water quality , clear and with low nutrient content . the water values do not fluctuate to any substantial degree .
the popular fresh water shrimps belong to the family of ten - legged crabs ( decapods ) which also includes crabs and shrimps in fresh water and sea water . many shrimp varieties are excellent algae - eaters and are thus able to keep many an aquarium free of algae problems on a lasting basis . shrimps actually first came to prominence by virtue of this capacity for devouring algae . the famous japanese aquarium photographer takashi amano always used large numbers of caridina multidentata ( formerly japonica ) to keep his renowned aquascapes clean .
plenty of hiding places , such as densely planted , shaded areas , foliage , and above all cave - like retreats , are of great importance to their well - being . shrimps are gregarious animals . many of the most popular shrimp varieties reproduce regularly in the aquarium – e . g . members of the attractive bee shrimp family , caridina cf . cantonensis , and first and foremost the well - known “crystal red” variety . we thus recommend limiting the initial stock to 5 shrimps per 10 l of water .
caridina spongicola is a
complex breeder
, meaning that young are hatched as miniature adults with the same coloration ( although not as intense ) , with no need to transfer from salt and / or brackish water to freshwater as they develop through larval stages . [ 2 ] [ 6 ] eggs are black in color , are roughly 10 - 15 in number , 0 . 8 - 0 . 9 x 0 . 4 - 0 . 6 mm in size , and are carried by the female for 20–30 days before hatching . [ 2 ] [ 6 ] when not carrying eggs , there is no known , proven way to distinguish females of this species from the males . [ 9 ]
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urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
endangered b1ab ( iii , v ) + 2ab ( iii , v ) ver 3 . 1
wowor , d . , de grave , s . & klotz , w .
the species is endemic to lake matano ( = danau matano ) ( sulawesi ) , a small lake ( 164 . 1 km
) which counts as a single location for assessment purposes . current threats to the species are nickel mining ( specifically polluting lake matano ) and hydro - electric power installations on the southern shore of lake matano . nile perch and
have been introduced to nearby lake towuti ( which is connected to lake matano ) , and there is the possibility of pollution from organic effluents from the rapidly expanding human population .
this species is assessed as endangered in view of the small population size , restricted distribution , and plausible threats .
the species is endemic to lake matano ( 164 . 1 km 2 ) in sulawesi ( von rintelen and cai 2009 ) .
no information is known , but it is considered abundant ( von rintelen and cai 2009 ) .
is generally found on rocks and gravel , from shallow water to approx . 10 m depth .
is available in the aquarium trade , but some ( estimated 20 % ) of the trade is from captive breeding in europe , the rest is still wild caught though the current levels of harvesting are thought not to have a considerable impact .
current threats to the species are nickel mining ( specifically polluting danau matano ) and hydro - electric power installations on the southern shore of danau matano . also , introduced species ( nile perch and
) have been introduced to towuti a connected lake ) and organic effluents from the rapidly expanding human population .
wowor , d . , de grave , s . & klotz , w . 2013 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
aqua ! nano & more
- fachgeschäft für nano - aquaristik , aquascaping und zierfischraritäten .
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information on this very popular shrimp . its name comes from takashi amano , the creator of ada , who used these shrimp for algae eating purposes . it cannot breed in pure freshwater .
information on this wild caught species which is a filter feeder . it is very common to find in most pet stores and online . it is not possible to breed this species in pure freshwater .
information on this elusive all black color variation of the common tiger shrimp . its all black coloration is from selective breeding to widen the black stripes of the common tiger shrimp .
information on this newly introduced species to the hobby . not much is known and they are caught in the wild . captive breeding is possible .
information on this beautiful blue colored species of the wild n . zhangjiajiensis shrimp .
information on this blue coloration variation on the common tiger shrimp . it is expensive and sometimes hard to find .
information on this variation on the common tiger shrimp . easy to keep and a beautiful shrimp
information on the very popular shrimp from sulawesi indonesia . its colors are awesome .
information on this extremely popular , difficult , expensive , and complex shrimp species . selectively bred for coloration and other features .
information on this beautiful dark green colored shrimp . its eggs are a nice lime green which really make this shrimp stand out . its true scientic name and genus are in question .
information on this wild caught and extremely cheap freshwater shrimp . it carries many different names and can be found in most pet stores . it is considered a feeder shrimp for freshwater aquarium fish .
information on this all white relative of the crystal red shrimp , bee shrimp , orange bee shrimp and others . it is nicely colored but little is known as to its origin .
information on this wild caught grandfather of the selectively bred species red cherry shrimp and yellow shrimp . there may be other selectively bred color variations unknown to the hobby at the moment .
information on this wild species and the grandfather of the crystal red shrimp , bee shrimp and others . can be rare and hard to find .
information on this wild caught species . unfortunately it cannot breed in pure freshwater and has slowly disappeared from the hobby as a result .
information on the most common and most popular shrimp in the hobby . this is the ultimate beginners shrimp and most hobbyists begin with this species before venturing into more difficult / expensive shrimp .
this is a variant of the red cherry shrimp , it is bred for a deep red color and has several grades .
information on this red color variation of the common tiger shrimp . this color variation is apparently found in the wild and not selectively bred .
information on this very rare and almost impossible to find shrimp in the hobby . hopefully it will someday become more available .
information on this beautiful all white selectively bred shrimp . its name comes from its eggs which are all white resembling snowballs .
a gallery of photos of many different kinds of sulawesi shrimp from indonesia . newly introduced to the hobby in late 2007 .
information on this somewhat common shrimp . it is the less rare variation than its cousins : blue tiger , red tiger , golden eye and others .
information on this elusive and very rare species of bee shrimp . it is definitely a cool looking shrimp .
information on this selectively bred shrimp from the wild n . heteropoda species . it breeds very well .
information on care and breeding of this popular crayfish species which comes in several different colors .
information of the most common snail found in pet stores , the apple snail . are they good or bad for a shrimp tank ?
information on the common malaysian trumpet snail . they are great for all aquariums given several reasons .
information on the common pond snail . they are not bad snails and are in fact good for any kind of tank especially shrimp - only tanks .
photos of the various species of sulawesi snails . there are more species than are pictured as well .
species info on care and breeding of this non - crab , non - shrimp creature .
information on the unwelcomed hydra in the freshwater aquarium including ways to prevent and remove them .
information on this wild species and the many selectively bred color morphs that have evolved from it .
information on how to successfully pack shrimp for a wintertime shipment . keeping the shrimp warm is very important .
a rare photographic glimpse of a baby red cherry shrimp hatching from an egg .
information on how to successfully hatch isolated eggs . great method if you have a pregnant female die who has eggs .
information on how to successfully breed shrimp that require soft water . tips and advice from user kenshin .
information on how the babaulti shrimp variety is commonly mislabeled as different types of shrimp which vary in color . good to know .
information on grading the crystal red shrimp . includes information on how to identify specific features and what makes the grade .
a how - to for making a homemade shrimp trap . instead of chasing your shrimp with a net , let them do the work themselves .
an article about dosing fertilizers in a tank with shrimp . what is too much ? what will kill them ? is it ok ?
an experiment conducted to see if imported shrimp are naturally colored or dyed by the supplier . great article .
information regarding what tankmates are safe for shrimp and what will definitely eat your shrimp . very important .
information about setting up a new shrimp tank including details on exactly what should and shouldn ' t be used . great info for beginners .
general information about shipping inverts . proper packaging , insulation , heatpacks , etc . great info for all hobbyists .
information about using leaf litter in a shrimp tank . do shrimp do better with leaf litter ? what leaves to use ?
what is true and what is false about shrimp keeping and everything related to the hobby . there are a lot of false statements out there so it is important to quell them .
two journals on setting up a shrimp rack for keeping multiple tanks using smaller space . great tutorials with both journals by both ryan and pedro .
a journal on the expedition conducted by mimbon aquarium from germany . photos and information about sulawesi indonesia as well as underwater photos of the habitat .
great information by kenshin about changing the water during wintertime . you do not want very cold water to shock the shrimp . this is a great article for those in cold weather climates .
information on the many creatures found inside a tank including planaria , hydra , and many others . superb article by satu in finland .
information about what shrimp are ok to house together in the same tank , and which ones will interbreed creating a hybrid . great chart for easy comparision .
information about why it is better to ship young shrimp and why it is better to buy young shrimp vs adults . size is important when introducing shrimp to a new tank .
awesome macro photos by peter maquire . these are some of the best out there !
information for the newcomer to the hobby . how to start , what to use , what not to do .
what is it about shrimp thats makes the hobbyist love them so much ? great editorial .
quick tutorial on taking macro shots with a simple everyday camera and not professional equipment .
an editorial on why sometimes its best to let things stay the way they are .
information on this rapid multi - color changing
ninja
. many colors including black , red , brown , and more .
new to the shrimp hobby , the cardinal shrimp is fast becoming one of the most sought after shrimp . it is magnificent in person with either a dark rose red coloration or a lighter red coloration with white dots running along the side of the shrimp . photos do not do justice , you must see this species in person . it is not a beginner ' s species and only experienced hobbyists should attempt to keep this species .
the cardinal shrimp is from sulawesi , indonesia . sulawesi is one of the islands encompassing the country of indonesia . the cardinal shrimp is caught in one of several lakes in sulawesi . i highly suggest that you read the article sulawesi expedition for detailed information on sulawesi as well as more information on is habitat . there are also underwater photos of the lake system .
as with all sulawesi shrimp it is highly recommended that you keep the cardinal shrimp in a temperature of at least 78f . anything lower can kill this species . it is also recommended that you keep this species in a tank with hard water and a ph of no less than 7 . 0 .
i am currently keeping the cardinal shrimp in the same tank with a few other species from sulawesi . the tank consists of ada amazonia substrate , a temperature of 84f and a ph of 7 . 0 . some have stated that the low ph of 7 . 0 due to the ada amazonia is not good for this species . right now i disagree . all of the sulawesi shrimp that i currently house are doing very well in this setup and so far even the babies are doing very well . the babies are constantly picking away for food which is of course a good sign .
a lot of hobbyists attempt to replicate the environment of the cardinal shrimp by using rocks for aesthetics and algae surfaces . if you read the article sulawesi expedition you will notice that the cardinal shrimp lives in the rocks and picks at them for food . there are also those who use coral chips or similar to raise the water hardness . sand is also a common choice to use in the aquarium .
breeding is done in complete freshwater , not salt or brackish water is required whatsoever . there is no larval stage . the adult females carry the eggs until they hatch , producing miniature shrimp . there have been hobbyists that have had pregnant cardinal shrimp in captivity and some have had the eggs hatch successfully as well . several breeders have had good success breeding the cardinal shrimp and it is apparently not as difficult as some may think .
the females carry roughly 10 - 15 eggs . it takes approximately 20 - 30 days for the eggs to hatch . the babies immediately show the same color as the adults . the growth rate of the babies is fast as well . if the tank is in good shape then the babies will grow almost as fast as some of the neocaridina shrimp . for more information on the reproduction cycle of freshwater aquarium shrimp please read the article shrimp reproduction .
i was lucky to receive some pregnant cardinal shrimp from overseas . the pregnant ones from the wild hatched their eggs and now i have baby cardinals all over the place . they are doing very well and i hope to have them grow to adulthood and reproduce in pure captivity . i will update as time progresses .
the cardinal shrimp can have different shades of red , from dark to light red . the darkness of the red coloration is variable and is not an indicator of health , sex , or anything else . the red coloration is also contrasted by white dots throughout the body . some of the white dots appear to have a blue outline to them . one of the coolest features of the cardinal shrimp is its front white legs . the white legs move rapidly when the shrimp is feeding and also sets this species apart from the other sulawesi shrimp . the photo below show a more zoomed in look at their white legs . the video below also shows the white legs in motion .
the cardinal shrimp is not a shy species at all . it will constantly forage on the bottom and seems to prefer scraping rocks . the majority of the cardinal shrimp i have observed seem spend almost all of their time on the algae covered rocks or sides of the glass picking away . it is not an agressive species whatsoever and seem to enjoy other species in the same tank . some breeders have also reported that the cardinal shrimp seem to be more active when sulawesi snails are introduced to the tank . perhaps this makes them feel more at home with the snails found in their wild environment . they will also pick at the snails ' shell .
i feed all of the sulawesi shrimp , including the cardinal shrimp , the same as i feed all of the other shrimp i keep . i feed mostly shirakura food and the occasional algae water or other invert food . this species will eat at all times of the day but i believe that they prefer to eat at night when they feel safe . i have noticed that when the lights are off they will come out and eat better than when the lights are on .
feeding is best done once a day . only feed an amount of food that the shrimp can finish within 2 - 3 hours maximum . it is not good to feed in excess and have food sitting for too long . overfeeding is a known cause of death and can also cause water quality issues . remember that shrimp are scavengers in the wild . they will eat whatever they find and are not used to a constant food source 24 / 7 . not feeding for one or two days is fine and will not harm this species at all . sometimes i will not feed for a couple of days in order to let the shrimp cleanse their systems and keep the water clean at the same time .
sexing of the cardinal shrimp is difficult and so far no one has fully figured out how to do so with the naked eye . the females have a saddle showing eggs underneath the carapace but the only way to actually see the saddle is with an infrared light . the outside shell of the cardinal shrimp is so dark that you cannot possibly see the saddle without special equipment . as far as using the principle of the other shrimps species , meaning females are larger and have a curved underbelly , does not apply to the cardinal shrimp unfortunately . males and females seem to look exactly the same .
the species has a red - and white - patterned body that has made it popular in the tropical fish industry . legs and feelers have bands of both red and white along their lengths , eye stalks are red , and the eyes themselves are black and fairly large in size ( 0 . 8 - 0 . 9 x 0 . 4 - 0 . 6 mm ) . the carapace of the species has three red stripes running along it , the final one at the base of the tail , with red coloration running halfway along the top of the head , from the tip . the tail is red along the top and bottom , with a white band along each side . [ 6 ]
home to many endemic fishes , the lake ' s natural temperature is 26 - 29 °c with a ph of 7 . 5 - 8 . 5 , a gh of 4 - 8 , and a kh of 4 - 6 . [ 6 ] as many as 137 individuals can be found living on a single sponge . [ 6 ] they are said to hide between small rocks in shallow water , as well as between large rocks in deeper waters . [ 8 ] they are known to be intolerant of temperatures lower than 25 . 5 °c , which can kill them , to require hard water , and also to require water ph levels no less than 7 . 0 . [ 2 ] [ 9 ]
de grave , s . ; cai , y . ; amnker , a . ( 2008 ) .
global diversity of shrimps ( crustacea : decapoda : caridea ) in freshwater
. hydrobiologia . 595 : 287–293 . doi : 10 . 1007 / s10750 - 007 - 9024 - 2 .
von rintelen ; von rintelen ; meixner ; lüter ; cai ; and glaubrecht ( 2007 ) .
freshwater shrimp–sponge association from an ancient lake
. biol lett . 3 ( 3 ) : 262–264 . doi : 10 . 1098 / rsbl . 2006 . 0613 .
this page is based on a wikipedia article written by authors ( here ) . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 license ; additional terms may apply . images , videos and audio are available under their respective licenses .
these lively little invertebrates are highly robust animals which flourish when kept in the right conditions , much to the delight of the nano aquarium enthusiast . the adults measure 3 cm on average . most shrimp varieties have a relatively large tolerance range with regard to water values . a good supply of oxygen is particularly important . if the oxygen level drops too low , this will have an adverse effect on their health .
many varieties thrive at a room temperature of 20 - 22 °c . tropical varieties prefer slightly warmer temperatures , in some instances up to 28 °c . in this case an additional heater is necessary , such as the nano adjustable heater . shrimps will become inactive if the water is too cold .
shrimps are generally omnivores , with a special preference for vegetable - based foods . in addition to algae , their natural diet also includes animal plankton , detritus ( dead vegetable matter , rotting foliage , etc . ) and even carrion . these natural source of nutrition are usually lacking in an aquarium . a high - quality aquarium sind diese natürlichen nahrungsquellen meist nicht ausreichend vorhanden . als ernährungsbasis dient hier ein hochwertiges garnelenfutter , wie zum beispiel dennerle crustagran .
different types of frozen feed ( midge larvae , artemia ) dennerle algae wafers , fresh vegetables ( spinach , courgettes ) dennerle catappa leaves or herbs ( stinging nettles ) should be added to the diet on a regular basis as supplements and to provide a touch of variety .
like all crustaceans , shrimps continue to grow throughout their lives . they thus moult at regular intervals , in order to discard their old shells which have become too small for them . as the body is very soft and extremely vulnerable during moulting , they withdraw to the safety of a hideout . after a few days the new shell has hardened and the shrimps return to their normal lives .
the “crystal red” is the acknowledged king of the dwarf shrimps , its brilliant red shell adding a striking and attractive dash of colour to any nano aquarium .
the “blue tigers” are among the most popular members of this highly colourful shrimp variety . the unusual blue colouring lends them a particularly bizarre appearance .
the bumble bee shrimp is easily confused with the bee shrimp , but it lacks the latter’s orange colouring . an extremely gregarious shrimp variety .
the snow - white eggs of this transparent shrimp variety look like tiny pearls . while one generation of eggs develops in the belly , the next generation is already evolving in the neck area ( egg spot ) .
the red fire shrimp lacks the white component of the above - stated crystal red bee shrimp . the intensive red colouring of this highly fertile shrimp can be teased out to even greater effect with carotenoid - rich feed .
dennerle sponsors the species name for the cardinal shrimp , which has only just been described scientifically .
at the museum for natural history at humboldt university , the systemic biologists - the
surveyors of nature
as it were - describe new species ( taxonomy ) , their family relationships ( systematics ) , their geographical distribution and their ecology , in taxonomic and systematic research projects .
transfer the shrimps together with the water from the transport bag to a large , clean bucket . caution : some shrimp varieties are good jumpers – for safety’s sake , cover the bucket with a cloth . add 1 / 4 litre of aquarium water every 10 - 15 minutes over approx . 2 hours or use an air hose to drip - feed the water into the bucket . the final ratio of transport water to aquarium water should be around 1 : 3 . after acclimatising the shrimps in this way , carefully transfer them to the aquarium with a net .
dennerle supports the online portal which was brought to life by the expert group for wholesale ornamental fish and aquatic plants in the german pet trade & industry association ( zzf ) [ zentralverband zoologischer fachbetriebe deutschlands ] . the intention of the portal is to enable new and advanced aquarists to create functioning aquatics and to achieve aquatic diversity by breeding in their aquarium .
the portal provides information for the aquatics beginner and offers the opportunity to take part in a unique breeding programme for ornamental fish . the platform also includes a knowledge database with species descriptions for fish , invertebrates and plants , as well as the opportunity to exchange ideas in the community and a blog . schools can obtain extensive teaching material here .
experience nature – to ensure that this remains possible , dennerle is supporting the mare - mundi project for scientific research and the ecological protection of the mediterranean sea . the aquatics company sponsors the yellow cluster anemones living wild there . their smaller tropical siblings thrive extremely well in the small saltwater aquaria from the nano marinus range .
by doing this we want to pay back some of our success with the nano marinus cubes to its origins ,
says thomas feierabend , director of marketing & sales at dennerle . with its support of the mare - mundi project , dennerle is following its philosophy of natural aquatics , which has been the focus since the company was founded almost 45 years ago .
dennerle sponsors the species name for the cardinal shrimp which has only just been described scientifically .
at the museum for natural history at humboldt university , berlin , the systemic biologists – the
surveyors of nature
as it were – describe new species ( taxonomy ) , their family relationships ( systematics ) , their geographical distribution and their ecology , in taxonomic and systematic research projects .
the german pet trade & industry association ( zentralverband zoologischer fachbetriebe e . v . )
dennerle is a member of the zzf . the zzf advises , informs and promotes the pet industry in specialist and professional matters and provides opportunities for professionalisation and for the exchange of experiences beyond organisation boundaries .
at the same time the zzf is committed to the responsible and species - appropriate handling of pets and its aim is to actively present the positive effects of caring for pets in accordance with animal welfare , to the public , the media and government as well as other opinion leaders .
association for the promotion of life with pets ( fördergemeinschaft leben mit heimtieren e . v . )
dennerle supports the flh , an industry wide amalgamation of a variety of companies from aquatics and terraristics . the main aim of the association is to actively carry out public relations work to promote the hobbies of aquatics and terraristics . aquatics and terraristics are exciting , modern and very interesting hobbies that deserve more of the limelight .
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very deep red color with white dots . some specimen may differ in red intensity depends on mood and genes .
omnivore with majority of vegetable content . overfeeding of protein can cause health issues . very little feeding required this shimp will feed mostly on microflora or microalgae but will accept some classic shrimp food as well when other food is scarse .
surprisignly breeds well once settled and water parameters are right . female will carry around 15 - 20 eggs for around 3 - 4 weeks .
other sulawesi shrimp tank mates only . can be tried with small fish which can tolerate high ph but not recommended .
24 - 28c degrees , ph range 7 . 5 - 8 . 5 , tds 100 - 120 , gh5 , kh2
ph 7 . 2 - 8 tds 220 - 240 gh 4 ~ 6 kh 2 ~ 4 temp . 26 ~ 27c
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cardinal shrimp care : tank parameters required : ph – 7 . 2 - 8 . 0 gh – 5 - 8 kh – 2 - 5 tds – 150 - 200 temperature – 27 - 31c or 78 – 84f
* all pictures shown are for illustration purposes only . actual product may vary due to natural variation with livestock *
i am so pleased with my order from shrimpfever . com . my order arrived very quickly , and all the shrimp were alive and active . these are by far the finest shrimp i have seen , and i couldn’t be happier with them or the other products i received . i loved the personal and friendly service , and my questions were addressed [ read more… ]
i purchased some shrimp , and was very quick to respond . shipping was very fast , and they were packaged really well , thick foam surrounding all sides of the box . has a very reasonable d . o . a . policy although it wasn’t needed for this transaction , i will definitely order from urltoken again when i want more , would recommend to everyone . 5 [ read more… ]
i used shrimp fever for all my aquarium needs , and they shipped my products with great care and arrived early ! – james c . ( toronto ) , january 2012
similar to keeping any of the asian shrimps , with the exception of a ph greater than 7 . 5 being needed and a temp around 28c , otherwise easy to care for .


protomelas similis is a species of cichlid endemic to lake malawi where it prefers shallow waters with plentiful vegetation .

this species can reach a length of 18 centimetres ( 7.1 in ) tl .

this species can also be found in the aquarium trade .

protomelas similis

maréchal , c . , 1991 . protomelas . p . 387 - 393 . in j . daget , j . - p . gosse , g . g . teugels and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde ( eds . ) check - list of the freshwater fishes of africa ( cloffa ) . isnb , brussels ; mrac , tervuren ; and orstom , paris . vol . 4 . ( ref . 4996 )
occurs in shallow vegetated ( vallisernia ) areas where mouth brooding females hide among the weeds . herbivorous , feeding on plant material ( leaves of higher plants ) . territorial males clear a circular area among the weeds exposing the sand below , making a spawning site . known as
haplochromis similis
in the aquarium trade . max . size : 17 cm .
breeding males are characterized by a bright blue color with a reddish patch behind the gill plate . the anal fin is dark with an orange edge & has light - colored streaks . p . similis is often found in vallisneria beds where it feeds on these plants by biting out pieces of the leaves with the aid of its very sharp & closely packed teeth . males build cone bowers in the middle of these plant beds , where they have cleared room .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
snoeks , j . ( freshwater fish red list authority ) & darwall , w . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment programme )
justification : widespread throughout lakes malawi and malombe with no major widespread threats identified .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
greek , protos = the first + greek , melas , melanos = black ( ref . 45335 )
africa : endemic to lake malawi ; widespread in shallow vegetated areas ( ref . 267 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 18 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4996 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 16 - 17 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 9 - 11 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 8 - 10 ; vertebrae : 31 . differs from other species of the genus in the structure of the lower pharyngeal bone , which is somewhat inflated posteriorly , with numerous small bicuspid teeth .
inhabits shallow vegetated areas ; feeds on macrophytes and algae ( ref . 267 ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01514 ( 0 . 00700 - 0 . 03275 ) , b = 2 . 97 ( 2 . 80 - 3 . 14 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 2 . 0 ±0 . 00 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 21 of 100 ) .
pronunciation : refer to our pronunciation key for an explanation of the phonetic symbols .
habitat : this is the primary location where the cichlid is found and is a generalization . this does not mean a fish cannot be found in other habitats .
diet : many cichlids specialize in eating one type of food ; notwithstanding , some of these specialized feeders are flexible and can be opportunistic feeders .
temperament : this describes the overall demeanor of a cichlid toward other tankmates that are of a different species . consider that there is variability in temperament due to various factors , including aquarium size , tankmates of similar appearance , stocking levels , and order of introduction . there may even be some variability among individual specimens .
conspecific temperament : this describes the overall demeanor of a cichlid toward other tank - mates of the same species . consider that there is variability in temperament due to such factors as aquarium size , stocking levels and order of introduction . there may even be some variability among individual specimens .
maximum size : this is in regards to total length ( including the tail ) of typical aquarium specimens . wild specimens may not attain this size , or may in fact grow larger than aquarium raised individuals due to various factors . also consider that this is the typical maximum size and there are exceptional individuals that will exceed it .
difficulty : this measure is a relative value , comparing a single species against all other cichlids . this only accounts for maintanence in the aquarium and not breeding considerations . 1 = easy and forgiving , 5 = extremely challenging .
this is a mild - mannered malawi cichlid that reaches a size of up to 15 cm . the female is silver with a black bar running laterally the length of her body . the male has a similar black bar that disappears almost entirely when he is sexually active . the male ' s colouring is irridescent blues and greens and can be very striking when he is in his full glory . in some texts this fish is referred to as a
red empress
but i think that this is a different species ,
at last ! i stumbled onto this fish about 2 years ago at petsmart ( of all places ) . they had no idea what he was . someone had just dropped him off . he is about 15 cm now and downright stunning . he almost never fights with the other tankmates . he tears around and displays his dominance , but never nips . he lives with a n . venustus of about the same size , an electric blue hap ( 10 cm ) , a red empress and an a . jacobfriebergi ( both about 3 . 5 cm ) . all in a 265 l . for a large male , he really is a puppydog .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
inhabits shallow vegetated areas ; feeds on macrophytes and algae ( ref . 267 ) .
africa : endemic to lake malawi ; widespread in shallow vegetated areas ( ref . 267 )
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