dickens hill ( foaled 25 january 1976 ) was an irish thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

the colt showed promising form as a two-year-old in 1978 , winning the anglesey stakes and being narrowly beaten by the english-trained tap on wood in the national stakes .

in the following year he emerged as the best irish racehorse of his generation , winning the ballymoss stakes and the irish 2000 guineas in ireland in spring and the weight-for-age eclipse stakes in britain in july .

he also finished runner-up to the outstanding english-trained colt troy in both the epsom derby and the irish derby .

at the end of his three-year-old season he was sold and exported to the united states where he made little impact as a racehorse and proved to be a disappointment as a breeding stallion .

dickens hill ( horse )

where was dickens born ? on 7 february 1812 , charles dickens was born in portsmouth . his parents named him charles john huffam dickens .
when did dickens live ? dickens was born in england in 1812 . he died in 1870 .
valerie , the sleigh with the dickens carolers really needs a horse . maybe you could bring the horse back in the future . . my sleigh needs some
horse power
.
how did dickens die ? in 1864 dickens and ellen ternan were in a train crash . dickens was not badly hurt , but he was never very well after this accident .
happy times the dickens family never had much money . charles had seven brothers and sisters . mr dickens dreamed of being rich . mrs dickens dreamed of owning a school . somehow things never went right .
we suggest a visit to blists hill victorian town will take at least 3 hours .
aoc , 8½f , gulfstream park , beating monument hill , tannersville , midnight mischief .
excellent quality , beautiful horse . the horse is beautiful by itself but i love it with the 4 - piece dickens carolers in sleigh by valerie . they are both exquisite . thanks valery and qvc .
dickens is a success in 1833 , he sold his first story . at first dickens called himself ' boz ' . this was his pen - name .
pictures in dickens many of dickens ' s books had pictures . the pictures helped readers follow the story . two artists were famous for their dickens drawings . they were george cruikshank and hablot k browne , known as ' phiz ' .
two famous books of his many books , dickens liked david copperfield best . in it he wrote about mr micawber , who seems very like dickens ' father .
my horse arrived today and it would not stand up . it falls over all the time . i guess my sleigh will have no horse .
see the night sky spectacularly lit up over blists hill victorian town with a fantastic family fireworks display .
growing up by 1824 mr dickens had enough money to send charles back to school .
dickens loved acting . he had his own little theatre at home . while acting in a play in 1857 , dickens fell in love with ellen ternan , an actress .
why do people read dickens ? many of dickens ' stories came out in weekly or monthly parts , as serials . each month people could read a new chapter in the story . perhaps this is why dickens ' books make good films and tv serials too .
maybe horse who revealed his brilliance at epsom . - free online library
one of dickens’s goals in writing nicholas nickleby was to expose the ugly truth about yorkshire boarding schools . in the preface to the novel dickens has this to say about yorkshire schoolmasters :
while working in the blacking factory , dickens visited his parents on sundays - in prison .
grand parade was the first black horse for 106 years to win the epsom derby .
dickens ( c kallisto ) grosser freiberger premium - preis , 2nd deutsches derby ( g1 ) .
dickens walked for miles around the city , watching and listening . he made notes for new stories .
how was britain changing ? dickens saw many changes during his life , made by the industrial revolution .
the dickens family had a pet raven ( a large black bird ) . its name was grip .
in the summer of 1948 my love became the third french - trained horse to win the epsom derby and the fifth horse to win both the derby and the grand prix de paris .
dickens lived through the industrial revolution . he wrote about how life was changing , especially for poor people .
c : highclere , agent for rancho rosada , agent b : ky . horse center , agent
adhir says mukul is being used by bjp as troy horse to break tmc to reap benefit .
who was charles dickens ? charles dickens is a famous english writer . people all over the world enjoy his stories . one of them is oliver twist , the story of a poor boy in victorian times . books by dickens can be funny and sad . his stories are full of interesting ' characters ' ( people ) .
a famous man dickens became so famous people knew him as he walked about london . he was a celebrity .
dickens almost became an actor not a writer . having a bad cold stopped him getting his first acting job .
pearl diver became the first french - trained horse to win the epsom derby since durbar in 1914 .
the name
captain cuttle
was taken from a character in dombey and son by charles dickens , captain edward cuttle .
terimon , second to nashwan at 500 / 1 , is the longest - priced horse placed in any classic .
in early 1838 dickens and hablot browne , the illustrator for nickleby , travel to yorkshire to see the boarding schools for themselves .
dickens was a show - off . he loved to give public readings from his books . in 1842 , he visited america .
dickens was the most famous novelist in britain . there were lots of others , such as sir walter scott and charlotte brontë .
family life dickens and his wife had 10 children . but their marriage was not happy . in 1858 , they split up .
what made dickens angry ? dickens was angered by the sad things he saw . in his books , he tried to show what was wrong . in nicholas nickleby , he wrote about a terrible school , dotheboys hall , where unwanted children were cruelly treated .
dickens’s own mother , elizabeth dickens , was the model for the always - confused , comic mrs . nickleby . luckily for charles she didn’t recognize herself in the character . in fact , she asked someone if they “really believed there ever was such a woman” .
dickens keeps busy in 1846 dickens became editor of the daily news , a newspaper . he did not like being told what to do by the owners , so in 1850 he started his own magazine , household words . now he could write what he liked .
the original winner running rein was disqualified as he was actually an ineligible four - year - old horse named maccabeus .
ready for his sleigh ! equipped with a black bridle and reins , this charming , tan - colored horse is prepared to pull a cart of passengers through the winter snow . he sports dark hooves and a brushed , or flocked , appearance . from the valerie parr hill collection .
sugarman jr , hill g , forquera r , frost fj . coding of race on death certificates of patients of an urban indian health clinic , washington , 1973–1988 .
sinndar is the first horse to capture the derby , irish derby and prix de l’arc de triomphe in the same season .
dickens hill ( ire ) ch . h , 1976 { 11 - e } dp = 13 - 8 - 7 - 0 - 0 ( 28 ) di = 7 . 00 cd = 1 . 21 - 14 starts , 5 wins , 4 places , 3 shows career earnings : $ 435 , 301
april the fifth was a very popular winner and the first epsom - trained horse to win the derby since amato in 1838 .
dickens died in june 1870 , at home in kent . he was working on a new book . it was the mystery of edwin drood .
this is a very large horse , probably unrealistic during victorian times . it does make a statement . thanks val for excellent execution .
hubbard rl , marsden me , rachal jv , et al . drug abuse treatment : a national study of effectiveness . chapel hill , nc : university of north carolina press ; 1989 .
lyphard ' s wish set a hot pace until tattenham corner closely followed by milford . at tattenham corner , willie carson on troy seemed to be getting nowhere on his horse , being stuck in on the rails in 7th place . into the straight , milford faded and 3 furlongs from home , the irish 2 , 000 guineas winner dickens ' s hill , took charge and was shaping like a likely winner when troy arrived on the scene on the outside like a torrent erupting .
nijinsky became the 15th horse to gain the triple crown after winning the derby and 2000 guineas with success in the st leger at doncaster .
in 1979 hern won his first derby , with sir michael sobell ' s troy , who beat dickens hill by a spectacular seven lengths . the following year he regained the trainers ' championship after bringing off the epsom classic double , winning the derby with mrs arpad plesch ' s henbit , and the oaks with r d hollingsworth ' s bireme .
it was a harder day’s journey than yesterday’s , for there were long and weary hills to climb ; and in journeys , as in life , it is a great deal easier to go down hill than up . however , they kept on , with unabated perseverance , and the hill has not yet lifted its face to heaven that perseverance will not gain the summit of at last .
dickens is here describing the kind of three - cornered hat worn by men in the 18th century , familiar to us from historical paintings and costume dramas . planché’s
hard times in 1822 the family moved to london . now times were hard . mr dickens was sent to prison for six months for not paying his bills .
dr devious is the first horse to win the derby after contesting the kentucky derby , in which he had finished seventh to lil e tee .
in 1843 , dickens wrote a christmas carol . it is one of his most famous stories . in it , we meet the miser scrooge - and three ghosts !
nicholas nickleby was the third novel of charles dickens . the first installment was published on march 31 , 1838 and the last installment was published on october 1 , 1839 .
charles dickens was born on february 7th in 1812 and died in 1870 . view a timeline of noteworthy events and facts , both professional and personal , in his life .
phil drake ran five times and won three races , becoming the fifth and last horse to win both the epsom derby and the grand prix de paris .
showing true boldness of a soldier the great horse resisted gay mecene ' s challenge to win by a length and a half . troy had crowned himself the european horse of the year , although he didn ' t beat his rivals as comprehensively as in the two derbies , he turned in a most gallant performance .
in 1820 most people in england worked on farms . when dickens died in 1870 , most people worked in towns . many poor people worked in factories and lived in slums .
the great horse had become the first to win the epsom derby . irish derby , king george vi and queen elizabeth diamond stakes and the benson and hedges .
we love to see dogs at blists hill victorian town . they’re welcome to visit with you so long as they’re kept on their leads . sadly , we can’t let them inside any exhibits with food or our eating places .
possibly perfect , 1990 , american champion female turf horse , won yellow ribbon invitational stakes , santa ana handicap , gamely handicap , ramona handicap , beverly d . stakes
santa claus won the irish 2 , 000 guineas , the epsom derby and the irish derby . his performances earned him the title of british horse of the year .
pont l’eveque was a very late foal , born at the end of the breeding season on 25 may , making him probably the youngest horse to win the derby .
shooter’s hill was not always a place whereon one could rest in safety . indeed , it bore for long years a particularly bad name as being the lurking - place of ferocious footpads , cutpurses , highwaymen , cut - throats , and gentry of allied professions who rushed out from [ the ] leafy coverts and took liberal toll from wayfarers… . so long ago as 1767 [ eight years before the date of the mail - coach’s passage over shooter’s hill in
don ' t miss out ! pre - purchase a souvenir guide , to be collected with your tickets on arrival at blists hill victorian town . the guide is already great value so we can ' t offer an online discount .
children love blists hill victorian town . there is plenty of space for them to run around , animals for them to see , sweets to buy and in the summer they can join in all the fun of the victorian fair .
troy became the fourth horse to complete the treble of the epsom derby , irish derby and king george . he followed the footsteps of nijinsky , grundy and the minstrel .
the great bay horse simply flew past the field like a plane taking of a runaway . the way troy won that day was like a cheetah laying an ambush for his prey and then launching a devastating assault in the appropriate time to pounce on his victims . the acceleration showed was phenomenal . troy had won by the largest margin since manna won in 1925 ( 8 lengths ) . it was perhaps the most convincing derby win since sea bird won in 1965 . troy left the field as if they were pillars . dickens hill finished second followed by northern baby and the favourite ela - mana - mou .
mahmoud was a light - coloured grey horse of distinctly arab appearance , standing just under 15 . 3 hands high , and bred in france by his owner the aga khan .
possibly perfect , 1990 , american champion female turf horse , won yellow ribbon invitational stakes , santa ana handicap , gamely handicap , ramona handicap , beverly d . stakes [ 13 ]
abelson , edward ; tyrrel , john ( 1993 ) . the breedon book of horse racing records . breedon books publishing . isbn 978 - 1 - 873626 - 15 - 3 .
blists hill victorian town is our largest attraction , and we recommend you allow at least 3 hours to see everything . you can pick up a free attraction map on the day , or download it to help you plan your trip before you arrive .
on 6 june , northern baby started at 66 / 1 outsider for the 200th running of the derby stakes over one and a half miles at epsom downs racecourse . he raced just behind the leader before turning into the straight in third place before moving up to dispute the lead with two furlongs left to run . he was quickly overtaken by troy and dickens hill but stayed on to finish third , beaten seven lengths and three lengths . northern baby returned to england for one of britain ' s most prestigious weight - for - age races , the eclipse stakes over ten furlongs at sandown park racecourse and finished third behind dickens hill and crimson beau . in august , the colt was dropped in class for the group three prix de la cote normande at deauville racecourse in which he started second favourite behind wolverton . northern baby won the race easily by two and a half lengths from lord zara , with wolverton in fourth .
dickens got the idea for smike as he wandered through a churchyard near bowes academy . he read the engravings on the tombstones of the boys who died while attending bowes and the idea sprang into his mind .
maine law requires at least five residents to sign an application for a ballot initiative . the richardsons were joined on the application by bucksport police chief sean geagan , laurie fogelman , who is involved in domestic violence issues , father and gun owner christopher dickens of blue hill , and mother amy fiorilli of otis . the richardsons have become involved in the gun control and gun safety debate in maine and nationally in the years since their daughter died in a slaying that remains unsolved .
i just love my horse and the carolers in the sleigh too . i also have the 26
street lamp from valerie and i ' m going to put something under it to make it look taller and then put a blanket of snow down . dashing through the snow in a one horse open sleigh . i just love christmas and i can ' t wait to start decorating .
on 6 june , northern baby started at 66 / 1 outsider [ 6 ] for the 200th running of the derby stakes over one and a half miles at epsom downs racecourse . he raced just behind the leader before turning into the straight in third place before moving up to dispute the lead with two furlongs left to run . he was quickly overtaken by troy and dickens hill but stayed on to finish third , beaten seven lengths and three lengths . northern baby returned to england for one of britain ' s most prestigious weight - for - age races , the eclipse stakes over ten furlongs at sandown park racecourse and finished third behind dickens hill and crimson beau . in august , the colt was dropped in class for the group three prix de la cote normande at deauville racecourse in which he started second favourite behind wolverton . northern baby won the race easily by two and a half lengths from lord zara , with wolverton in fourth . [ 3 ]
i just received this huge horse and he is beautiful . my horse fell over too , so i just broke a popsicle stick to fit under his front leg and glued it on and now he is proud to stand tall and pull the sleigh and the stick doesn ' t show . perfect . . . try to think of a quick fix before returning , you will glad that you did .
i received my horse same day as the sleigh . my horse would not stand up and believe the legs were uneven and the horse was top heavy to cause this problem . i did not want to return it as no more were available . i decided to try to remedy the problem some how and went to a near by craft store . they were so nice and while i was there i was stopped by several people who admired the horse and how beautiful and big it was . working with the craft store folks we decided on some drapery weights and glue for the back uneven leg to hold it in place better . it did help . they also suggested i glue the legs to a board so it would never fall over . not sure if i want to do that , or purchasing some fishing weights and wrap around the back unstable leg . when i put the horse and sleigh together . the straps to the sleigh seemed to help hold the horse up better too . i love this set so much as as winter sleigh ride is something i have always wanted to do . i will place on my table with fluffy fake snow around it for the holidays . i love it so much , it is beautiful .
portsmouth was the home of the royal navy . his father , john dickens , worked as a clerk for the navy . his mother ' s name was elizabeth barrow . she wanted to be a teacher and run a school .
the horse didn ' t stand well at first , but after i attached it to valerie ' s carolers in the sleigh , it was perfect . love the whole look . i recommend getting the sleigh also ! !
this clydesdale - like horse is an ideal addition to the dickens ' family of carolers in the sleigh ! he arrived in great condition ; flocking , mane and tail ( looks like doll hair ) are beautifully done ! his uplifted leg gives a feeling of movement ! will display on dining room buffet to be reflected in the mirror . will add cotton around the display to depict snowfall and maybe a snowman on order . looking fwd to the holidays ! ! !
shahrastani holds off the strong late challenge of dancing brave in a memorable finish . bold arrangement becomes the first horse to contest both the kentucky derby and derby , finishing second at churchill downs to ferdinand and 14th at epsom .
readers like a good story , with interesting characters . dickens was very clever at making up characters . people all over the world know oliver twist , scrooge and david copperfield , even if they have not read the books in which these characters appear .
in 1939 , he was commissioned into the north irish horse before seeing active service in north africa and italy . together with a fellow officer , major michael pope , he organised an impromptu race meeting on the trotting course at ravenna .
a top - class middle distance runner . in 1979 , troy blazed the british racetrack like a true champion . he was head and shoulders above any other british racehorse in that year . willie carson places him amongst the three best horses he has ever ridden . his trainer dick hern , at that time rated him to be the best horse he had ever trained ( brigadier gerard , who dick hern trained was rated the 2nd best horse of the century by timeform ) .
the original illustrator was hablot knight browne , who was better known as phiz . when browne as selecting a pen name he originally thought he might use the name nemo . however , he changed it to phiz because it sounded better with dickens’s pen name , boz .
during the school holidays there are great family friendly activities and drop - in workshops . every day during our main summer season children love meeting the animals , getting stuck in at the fairground and taking a ride on the horse & carriage .
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for de ' colletage ( nzl ) . de ' colletage ( nzl ) is a mare born in 2006 october 7 by ekraar out of cashcade
in their book
a century of champions
, john randall and tony morris rated windsor lad the nineteenth best horse of the 20th century and the sixth best derby winner , behind sea bird , hyperion , mill reef , nijinsky and shergar .
troy ' s third - place prize money from the arc took his total earnings to £450 , 428 , a record for a horse trained in britain or ireland , which stood for three years until it was surpassed by glint of gold . [ 17 ]
thus , troy was bred to be a typical top class middle - distance horse with the combination of speed and staying blood . his breeding gave him the ability to launch his run 3 to 4 furlongs from home rather than produce a great burst in the end .
] a project was set afoot for building a town on the summit of shooter’s hill , but it came to nothing , which is not at all strange when one considers how constantly the dwellers there would have been obliged to run the gauntlet of the gentlemen whom americans happily call “road - agents . ” and here is a sample of what would happen now and again , taken … from the … columns of a london paper , under date of 1773 . “on sunday night , ” we read , “about ten o’clock , colonel craig and his servant were attacked near shooter’s hill by two highwaymen , well mounted , who , on the colonel’s declaring he would not be robbed , immediately fired and shot the servant’s horse in the shoulder . on this the footman discharged a pistol , and the assailants rode off with great precipitation . ” that they rode off with nothing else shows how effectually the colonel and his servant , by firmly grasping the nettle danger , plucked the flower safety . ( 36 - 7 )
troy had been syndicated for 7 , 2 millions pounds , a record sum at the time . timeform gave him a rating of 137 . he was rated as one of the top middle distance horse of the decade ( compared to mill reef , nijinsky and alleged ) .
sadly schools like dotheboys hall really did exist . in early 1838 dickens and hablot browne , the illustrator of nicholas nickleby , visited yorkshire to get a firsthand look at the situation . it was a very short visit , just two days , but it was enough to gather all the material they needed .
snow knight won the the epsom derby , then the following year earned an eclipse award as the american champion male turf horse . at stud he sired awaasif , the dam of snow bride , winner of the 1989 epsom oaks and the dam of lammtarra , winner of the 1995 epsom derby .
troy that day proved he was a truly great horse and not just a very good horse . he claimed a permanent place in the list of all - time greats like nijinsky or mill reef , however that day , it was a great regret to racing that ile de bourbon , the 1978 champion could not participate , due to fitness . it would have been one of flat racing ' s great spectacles witnessing the two champions take on each other ( ile de bourbon won the 1978 king george against a top class field the previous year and that season decimated rivals in the coronation cup , including gay mecene ) .
an implement used for attaching to the hind - wheel of a vehicle when about to proceed down hill , with a view of regulating its momentum . no carriage or other vehicle should be without this convenience , as it is rarely applied , is never in the way , and prevents accidents and damage . an implement acting on the same principle as the skid , and known as a stop - drag , consists of five or more pieces of wood , united on the outside by a strong joined iron hoop , the wood pressing on the nave of the wheel . the annexed figure [ see illustration ] shows a wheel on a declivity , the chain drawn tight by the pressure of the breeching on the horse ; the brake closely surrounding the nave , and forming an effectual drag . ( 917 )
after years of negotiation with the quebec government , punctuate by protests on parliament hill and blockades of the roads leading into the contested forest , the algonquin briefly celebrated an agreement with the quebec government and a local logging company . the agreement was to preserve half of the old - growth trees still remaining within the wildlife reserve and an important moose corridor . the agreement also was to provide for a comprehensive study of the 10 , 000km area used by the algonquin .
sadly , in the arc troy was beaten by three troikas . he finished a gallant third . had troy been his old self he surely would have won . it was a sad sight that in his farewell race he couldn ' t be the first horse to complete the historic epsom derby , irish derby , king george and arc combination .
william richard hern was born on january 20 1921 at holford , near bridgwater in somerset , the eldest of the three sons of captain roy hern , who farmed some 300 acres . educated at monmouth school before spending a year at millfield , dick had been winning prizes at horse shows since early boyhood , and hunted with the west somerset foxhounds .
the messenger , jerry cruncher , has galloped from temple bar ( a large gate marking the entrance to the city of london between london and westminster [ gaspey , vol . 1 , 51 ] ) . temple bar is a little over a mile west of london bridge ( where the dover road begins ) , so the gallop to catch the mail - coach at shooter’s hill would be a gallop of a little over nine miles ( harper , “the road to dover” ) .
lammtarra becomes the first horse to win the derby on his seasonal return since grand parade in 1919 and sets a record time of 2m 32 . 31s , beating mahmoud’s 2m 33 . 8s which was hand - timed in 1936 . the race is switched permanently from wednesday to saturday . vodafone takes over the sponsorship and remains the backer up to 2008 .
…carrying their divine rights with a high hand . according to the oed , the “divine right of kings” is the monarchical doctrine that “kings derive their power from god alone , unlimited by any rights on the part of their subjects . ” the dover road that lay … beyond the dover mail , as it lumbered up shooter’s hill . the dover road , 70 . 75 miles long , ran from london bridge ( on the surrey side of the thames river ) to dover ( harper , “the road to dover” ) . shooter’s hill , 8 . 25 miles along the dover road from london bridge , is an eminence from which the city of london could be seen during the daytime ; in the 18th century it was known for a mineral spring where queen anne herself ( r . 1702 - 1714 ) was said to take the waters . at night , however , it was dangerous . according to charles harper , in his account of the dover road ( 1922 ) ,
northern baby did not appear on the racecourse until october 1978 when he was one of eighteen two - year - olds to contest a maiden race over 1600 metres at saint - cloud racecourse and won by one and a half lengths . later that month he was moved up sharply in class when he was sent to england for the group one william hill futurity over one mile at doncaster racecourse . he started third favourite , but was never in contention and finished eighth behind the irish - trained sandy creek .
champion three - year - old and brilliant winner of the kentucky derby and dubai world cup rated 128 by timeform . uniquely talented : a g1 horse on dirt , turf and synthetic tracks . brilliantly consistent : out of the first two only twice in his career . three stakes winning juveniles in his first crop , including g2 winner untamed domain and g2 - placed sunny skies .
northern baby did not appear on the racecourse until october 1978 when he was one of eighteen two - year - olds to contest a maiden race over 1600 metres at saint - cloud racecourse and won by one and a half lengths . later that month he was moved up sharply in class when he was sent to england for the group one william hill futurity over one mile at doncaster racecourse . he started third favourite , but was never in contention and finished eighth behind the irish - trained sandy creek . [ 5 ]
kris kin is the first supplementary entry to win the derby . the sir michael stoute - trained colt had initially been entered in the classic as a yearling but was scratched at the start of his three - year - old campaign . connections paid £90 , 000 to add the horse to the line - up at the five - day stage following his victory in chester’s dee stakes .
traders in the avarice , indifference , or imbecility of parents , and the helplessness of children ; ignorant , sordid , brutal men , to whom few considerate persons would have entrusted the board and lodging of a horse or a dog ; they formed the worthy cornerstone of a structure , which , for absurdity and a magnificent high - minded laissez - aller neglect , has rarely been exceeded in the world .
anne m . libby , heather d . orton , and paul spicer are with the american indian and alaskan native programs at the university of colorado , denver , and health sciences center , aurora . richard p . barth is with the university of north carolina , chapel hill . mary bruce webb is with the administration for children and families , us department of health and human services , washington , dc . barbara j . burns is with duke university , durham , nc . patricia wood is with the child and adolescent services research center , san diego , calif .
at stud the great horse produced five group winners and seven stakes winners . his progeny includes pilsudski ( 1986 breeders ' cup turf , 1997 champion stakes , irish champion stakes , japan cup ) , oath ( 1990 epsom derby ) , fastness ( eddie read handicap and 1996 america ' s best miler ) and pelder ( prix ganay , premio parioli and the best 3yo of italy ) , all of them , classic winners .
harper goes on to record that blackheath was a popular meeting - place in english history , and the “mutinous intent” of dickens’ horses to return the carriage to blackheath might be taken as an allusion to blackheath’s history as a site of collusion and revolt . two famous revolts – one led by wat tyler in 1381 and another by jack cade in 1450 – began with the gathering of rebels on blackheath ; and the place gained a milder reputation as a rendezvous for various more peaceful assemblies . as harper puts it :
camelot becomes the 37th horse to follow up victory in the first british classic , the 2000 guineas over a mile at newmarket , with success in the investec derby as he records a convincing five - length win at epsom downs . jockey and trainer , joseph and aidan o’brien , become the first father / son combination to win the premier classic . camelot narrowly fails in his bid to win the triple crown , finishing second behind encke in the st leger at doncaster three and a half months later .
a multi - horse finish rivals that of 1913 as the closest ever . in a four - way photo , sir percy beats dragon dancer , dylan thomas and hala bek a shorthead , a head and a short - head . seven winners have had the prefix sir : sir peter teazle ( 1787 ) , sir thomas ( 1788 ) , sir harry ( 1798 ) , sir bevys ( 1879 ) , sir visto ( 1895 ) , sir ivor ( 1968 ) , and most recently sir percy .
this illustration , from fairholt’s costume , gives us an idea of the kind of boots the coach - passengers are wearing as they trudge up shooter’s hill beside the mail . … every posting - house and ale - house … a posting - house was named for the post – the conveyance of letters around the country . to travel or ride post was , in one sense , to ride with the mail , and a posting - house was a kind of way station where travelers could change horses and refresh themselves in the course of a journey ( oed ) . …the guard got down to skid the wheel for the descent… a skid , according to the dictionary of daily wants ( 1859 ) , is
in the 2 , 000 guineas en route . therefore the colt made his seasonal debut in 1979 in the 9 - furlong heath stakes ( now known as the feilden stakes ) at newmarket , which he won with enough ease to see him start favourite in the derby . as it happened , the 200th running of the derby might as well have been a one - horse race as troy won by a street , but ela - mana - mou still ran well , finishing fourth ( just ahead of lyphard ' s wish ) with
in the official international classification for 1978 , troy was rated the tenth best two - year - old in europe , seven pounds behind the top - rared tromos . troy was given a rating of 122 by the independent timeform organisation , twelve pounds behind tromos and was described in their annual racehorses of 1978 as
just the type to develop into a high - class three - year - old
. [ 6 ] troy was given an end of season rating of 137 by timeform in 1979 , the fourth highest awarded to a derby winner up to that time , [ 17 ] and was named their horse of the year . in the gilbey racing awards , based on poits accrued in major races troy was named champion racehorse of the year and middle distance champion . the compilers of the international classification was less impressed : he was named the best three - year - colt in europe but was rated a pound behind three troikas . [ 10 ] he was named british horse of the year for 1979 by the racecourse association , taking twenty - seven of the thirty - two votes . [ 17 ]
his epsom derby win , was one of the most emphatic victories ever in the history of the blue riband . troy in my rating would rank amongst the british all - time greats . he could be categorized with great horses like crepello , sir ivor , alleged , generous , nashwan grundy , etc . . . all great horses in their own right but marginally below the superstars like mill reef , nijinsky , shergar or dancing brave ( horse one can see once in a lifetime ) . troy had truly remarkable acceleration and in top gear looked like a missile cruising .
galileo’s half - brother sea the stars shows he is one of the greats as he powers to glory under veteran jockey mick kinane . the john oxx - trained colt becomes the first horse for 20 years to follow up victory in the 2000 guineas with success in the epsom classic and goes on to complete an unbeaten campaign with four further group one wins , annexing the coral - eclipse , juddmonte international , irish champion stakes and prix de l’arc de triomphe . investec takes over sponsorship of the derby and backs all the races at the two - day meeting at epsom .
troy , a big , powerfully built bay horse with three white socks , was bred in county meath , ireland , by the ballymacoll stud , the breeding operation of his owners , industrialist sir michael sobell and his son - in - law lord weinstock . [ 3 ] he was sired by petingo , the leading english two - year - old of 1967 , and was out of the mare la milo . [ 4 ] la milo had previously produced washington d . c . international winner admetus . troy was sent into training with dick hern at west ilsley in berkshire .
the comparisons made here ( of the three - cornered hat to a church spout , a flour - scale , a greyhound’s nose , etc . ) suggest that dickens’ comparison of the three - cornered hat to a spittoon participates in a tradition of pejorative similes . ( a spittoon is a “receptacle for spittle , usually a round flat vessel of earthenware or metal” [ oed ] in which saliva and tobacco might be deposited ; the shallow basin of the spittoon must have borne some resemblance to the hat’s shallow crown . ) the three - cornered hat was the typical head - dress for men until the late 18th century , and planché attributes its demise to the french revolution :
northern baby was a small , lightly - built chestnut horse with a narrow white blaze , two white socks and one white coronet , bred by the kinghaven farm stud in ontario . he was one of many important winners sired by the canadian - bred northern dancer , who won the kentucky derby in 1964 before becoming one of the most successful breeding stallions in thoroughbred history . he was the first foal of two rings , a tough and consistent racemare who won nine of her thirty - one races including the nassau stakes . two rings was great - granddaughter of the broodmare gallita , whose other descendents included nadir , mashaallah and mark of esteem .
in 1978 the independent timeform organisation gave northern baby a rating of 109 , twenty - five pounds below their top - rated two - year - old tromos . in the following year he was rated 127 by timeform , ten pounds below the top - rated racehorse troy . in the official international classification he was rated thirteen pounds below the top - rated three troikas . as a four - year - old , northern baby was rated 119 by timeform , eighteen pounds below the top - rated moorestyle . in the international classification he was rated eight pounds behind moorestyle and seven pounds inferior to the top - rated older horse ela - mana - mou .
a fortnight later , troy ran in the irish derby . rivadon set a scorching pace being a pacemaker for troy . the bart and the two french colts , fabulous dancer and scorpio followed him . just before the turn , the bart took the lead . at this point , troy was moved up into a handy position behind them and when pulled to the outside cruised to a most facile win . the pacemaker , rivadon played an instrumental win in troy ' s victory as he had got the field well strung out . it was also enough to get troy of the bit . troy had won by 4 long - looking lengths . no horse had any hope of catching him .
northern baby was a small , lightly - built chestnut horse with a narrow white blaze , two white socks and one white coronet , [ 2 ] bred by the kinghaven farm stud in ontario . he was one of many important winners sired by the canadian - bred northern dancer , who won the kentucky derby in 1964 before becoming one of the most successful breeding stallions in thoroughbred history . he was the first foal of two rings , a tough and consistent racemare who won nine of her thirty - one races including the nassau stakes . [ 3 ] two rings was great - granddaughter of the broodmare gallita , whose other descendents included nadir , mashaallah and mark of esteem . [ 4 ]
in 1978 the independent timeform organisation gave northern baby a rating of 109 , twenty - five pounds below their top - rated two - year - old tromos . [ 5 ] in the following year he was rated 127 by timeform , ten pounds below the top - rated racehorse troy . in the official international classification he was rated thirteen pounds below the top - rated three troikas . [ 3 ] as a four - year - old , northern baby was rated 119 by timeform , eighteen pounds below the top - rated moorestyle . in the international classification he was rated eight pounds behind moorestyle and seven pounds inferior to the top - rated older horse ela - mana - mou . [ 9 ]
in truth , ela - mana - mou ' s pedigree looked rather old - fashioned even at the time of his birth , hence the fact that he cost a mere 4 , 500 gns as a yearling . he proved a rare bargain at this price , thus providing a dream start to racehorse ownership for max and audry muinos , for whom he was trained in 1978 and ' 79 at pulborough in sussex by guy harwood . their luck didn ' t end with him , either , because they celebrated ela - mana - mou ' s sale at the end of the horse ' s three - year - old campaign in 1979 by re - investing some of their profits in a 20 , 000 - gns yearling - who , named
i feel like a little girl who just got her very first horse ! i was waitlisted for him last year , but did not get one . i was so excited when qvc sent me an e - mail indicating he was back in stock . i ordered him immediately , he arrived within days and he is perfect . he stands up properly , his mane and tail are in nice condition , his bells jingle when shook and his coat looks great . i haven ' t brought the sleigh out of storage yet but i do have a fine purpose for him in the meantime . my lord of the rings barbie doll legolas is currently seated on him , bow in hand ready to ride into battle ! lol i may have to see how king aragorn looks on him next .
in a very short career , troy proved particularly successful as a sire of fillies and broodmares . he sired helen street , winner of the 1985 irish oaks and france ' s prix du calvados : helen street produced street cry , the sire of 2007 kentucky derby winner street sense . by another daughter , sheer audacity , troy was also the damsire of the 1999 epsom derby winner , oath . troy also sired walensee , who raced in france and won the 1985 prix vermeille and was voted that country ' s champion 3 - year - old filly . she was the dam of westerner , the 2004 and 2005 european champion stayer . through another daughter , cocotte , troy was the damsire of pilsudski , the 1997 european champion older horse . troy ' s son tropular sired the prix du jockey club winner ragmar .
jockey : jeff teter trainer : janet e . elliot owner : william c . lickle breeder : john hartigan
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jockey : alex o . solis trainer : robert b . hess , jr . owner : jones - jones - smith breeder : hughes farm , inc .
according to the australian stud book [ 6 : 413 ] merman ' s grandam , surf , was bred to rosicrucian in 1882 . she proved barren and was covered by coltness and exported to australia , where she foaled seaweed , a chesnut filly , in 1883 . contrarily the general stud book [ 15 : 459 ] records that surf produced her first foal ( by coltness ) in 1882 , was then covered by rosicrucian and exported that year . merman was sent to england in 1897 and there won his share of races , including the cesarewitch , the jockey club cup stakes ( now the british champions long distance cup ) , the goodwood cup , the goodwood plate ( now the goodwood stakes ) and the ascot gold cup .
owner : mrs j . binet breeder : egmont stud winnings : 14 starts : 5 - 4 - 3 , $ 435 , 301 at 2 won anglesey s . - g3 ( ire ) , 2nd national s . - g2 ( ire ) , 3rd tyros s . ( ire ) at 3 won ballymoss s . - g2 ( ire ) , air cool irish 2 thousand guineas - g1 , coral eclipse s . - g1 ( eng ) , 2nd vauxhall trial s . - g3 ( ire ) , derby s . - g1 ( eng ) , irish sweeps derby - g1 ( ire ) at 4 3rd canadian turf h . - g3 ( 50 , 000 ) sold 34 , 000 gns . newmarket houghton sale . second hwt in ireland ( close )
feb . 26 , 1979 : total solar eclipse turns day into night in brandon , man .
flashback : how tv news covered the last total eclipse to cross the u . s . mainland
as images come flowing from the rail at churchill downs and pimlico , documenting every move of kentucky derby winner nyquist’s quest for the triple crown , a dedicated team in paris , ky . is still drowning in images from triple crowns past . kate lossen isn’t quite sure what her official title is in her capacity with the [ … ]
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mystus is a genus of fish in the family bagridae native to asia .

phylogenetic relationships within this genus are poorly understood , though it has been suggested that there are two major lineages .

mystus

mystus cineraceus , m . gulio , m . falcarius , m . leucophasis , m . pulcher
systematic studies conducted on mystus species of northern kerala are very rare . it is due the taxonomic ambiguity which had existed in many species of this genus ? to solve this dilemma , during this study , all mystus species were collected from their type localities and taxonomically analysed . examination of meristic , metric and major morphometric characters helped to prove the identity of all mystus species of these regions .
citation : plamoottil m ( 2017 ) taxonomic notes on mystus species of northern kerala . j aquac res development 8 : 495 . doi : 10 . 4172 / 2155 - 9546 . 1000495
mystus bleekeri was described from the ganges river drainage and myanmar ( day 1877 ) , but the lectotype designation of sharma and dutt ( 1983 ) restricts the type locality to the ganges river drainage .
( of mystus mukherjii ganguly & datta , 1975 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of mystus cavassius ( hamilton , 1822 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
asia : lowland rivers in most major basins of the indian subcontinent ( pakistan , nepal , india , sri lanka and myanmar ) , including but not limited to the indus , brahmaputra - ganges , krishna , cauvery , irrawaddy , salween and tenasserim . reports of this species from the chao phraya and mekong basins , malaysia , and indonesia are based on misidentifications of mystus albolineatus or mystus singaringan . occurs in thailand , but only in the salween basin .
justification : since mystus tengara identity is now confirmed ( darshan et al . 2010 ) , it is known to have a fairly wide distribution in the ganges and brahmaputra river basins in northern and northeastern india . the species does not face any major threats and is therefore assessed as least concern .
justification : although there is no information on the population and its trends for this species , current evidence indicates that it is still relatively widespread and abundant . despite being targeted in fisheries in some regions of its distribution , the level of exploitation is not deemed high enough to be a threat to long - term survival of this species . mystus bleekeri is therefore assessed as least concern .
mystus cavasius was described from the atrai river ( hamilton 1822 ) . this species was previously thought to occur throughout the indian subcontinent and myanmar , but chakrabarty and ng ( 2005 ) showed that the name should be restricted to the populations from northern part of the subcontinent , those from the southern part are referable to m . seengtee and those from myanmar are referable to m . falcarius .
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by jerdon ( 1849 ) from manantoddy ( mananthavady ) in wynaad , kerala , india . day ( 1877 ) changed the generic status of the fish to
madhusoodana kurup , b . , basheer , v . s . , arunachalam , m . & molur , s .
is assessed as least concern because it is widely distributed in the peninsular india and it is also common in several areas . it is cultivated commercially in tamil nadu . furthermore , there are no specific threats identified for this species .
is definitely found in kerala and tamil nadu . in kerala it is known from manantoday in wynaad ( jerdon 1849 ) , ponmni estuary ( bijukumar and sushama 2000 ) and in chalakkudy river , muvattupuzha river and periyar river ( beevi and ramachandran 2009 ) . in tamil nadu it is known from thiroomurthi dam , parambikulam , kallapuram and amaravathi ( devi
2005 ) but exact point localities are missing . this species is also recorded from the kancheepuram and kanyakumari districts in tamil nadu but the exact locations are missing ( rajagopal and davidar 2008 ) . it is reported from the nilgiris bisophere , travancroe , achankovil , periyar and kabani rivers ( kurup
2007 ) and bhima river ( suter 1944 ) in maharashtra . yadav ( 2003 ) has suggested that the species is found in krishna river system and cauvery river system , however , exact localities are missing . it is also reported from madhya pradesh ( sarkar and lakra 2007 ) . all these records need validation .
is unknown . however , it is very common in chalakkudy river , muvattupuzha river and periyar river ( beevi and ramachandran 2009 ) . the species may be common in other parts of its distribution range .
. 2005 , 2007 ) . it is also found in estuaries ( bijukumar and sushama 2000 ) . it attains a total length of 15 cm ( menon 1999 ) . it is found in deep pools in higher altitudes with sandy or muddy substrate ( kurup
2004 ) . no information is available about habitat changes and its effects on this species .
is of minor interest to fisheries ( talwar and jhingran 1991 ) . it is cultured in trichy in tamil nadu ( haniffa 2009 , m . arunachalam pers . comm . 2010
. research is essential on taxonomic ambiguity , population status , distribution , life history , ecology , harvest trends and threats to the species . some population of the species is likely to be protected in the indira gandhi wildlife sanctuary ( devi
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this species is known from the brahmaputra - ganges system , as well as the indus and mahanadi river drainages ( roberts 1994 ) .
there is no information on the population size or trends for this species , although this is a fairly common species in the ganges - brahmaputra system .
this species inhabits a large variety of freshwater bodies , primarily rivers and lakes .
this species is targeted as a food fish in west bengal , assam and tripura in india and in bangladesh ( w . vishwanath , s . c . dey pers . comm . ) . in other parts of its range , no major fishery exists for this catfish ; but is obtained in the fishing operations along with other fishes . it is also sporadically caught and exported as an ornamental fish ( h . h . ng pers . comm . ) .
the current rate of fishing for this species is not a threat in eastern and northeastern india . in other regions , the threats to this species are unknown , since there is no information on the biology of this species and therefore the impact of potential threats ( especially those of an anthropogenic nature ) remains unknown . despite the paucity of knowledge regarding potential threats , this species is still relatively abundant and widespread . this may be an indication that there are no major widespread threats to this species at the moment .
there is insufficient information on the distribution , biology and potential threats for this species . catch data for this species is also needed .
this species is known from the ganges and brahmaputra river drainages in india . it is thought to be widely distributed in the northern and northeastern parts of the indian subcontinent ( ferraris 2007 ) .
although the current population and its trends are unknown for this species , current indications from field surveys are that this species is still relatively widespread and abundant .
this species is caught as a food fish and is regularly caught and exported as an ornamental fish .
more research about the population size and trends , distribution and the biology of this species is needed , as there is insufficient information available . potential threats to this species also need to be identified .
known from the ganges , brahmaputra , mahanadi , subarnarekhar and godavari river drainages in northern india , nepal and bangladesh . the conspecificity of material identified as this species from the indus river drainage awaits further verification ( chakrabarty and ng 2005 ) .
although mishra et al . ( 2009 ) reported a mean decline of 29 . 9 % in catch for this species in southwestern bengal ( lower ganges - brahmaputra system and subarnarekha river ) for the period 1960 - 2000 , and an average decline of 57 % each decade from 1980 - 2000 ; there is insufficient data from other areas where this species is naturally distributed . data from throughout the ganges - brahmaputra system suggests that this species is still relatively common .
this species inhabits a wide variety of freshwater habitats , although it is chiefly found in larger rivers , primarily with a sandy or muddy substrate ( h . h . ng and w . vishwanath pers . comm . ) .
this species is heavily utilized as a food fish in some parts of its range , and is occasionally caught and exported as an ornamental fish .
although there is a marked decline in the population in southern west bengal due to overfishing , the threats to this species in other areas of its distribution are unknown . since there is no information on the biology of this species , the impact of potential threats ( especially those of an anthropogenic nature ) remains unknown . the current threats to aquatic biodiversity in all of its known distribution have also not been adequately identified . although iucn bangladesh ( 2000 ) identify habitat loss as a major threat to this species , this has not been verified by an empirical evidence .
there is insufficient information on the distribution , biology and potential threats for this species . catch data for this species is also needed from areas other than southern west bengal .
greek , mystax = whiskered , used by belon in 1553 to describe all fishes with whiskers ( ref . 45335 )
freshwater ; brackish ; demersal ; amphidromous ( ref . 51243 ) . tropical ; 5°n - 38°s
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 40 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 4833 ) ; max . published weight : 10 . 0 kg ( ref . 4833 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 1 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 7 ; anal spines : 0 ; anal soft rays : 10 - 11 . body elongate and compressed ; head conical ; occipital process narrow . maxillary barbels , in adults , extend posteriorly beyond the caudal fin base , but in young specimen , do not extend beyond the anal fin . dorsal spine weak , often feebly serrated . color is grayish with a more or less well - defined midlateral longitudinal stripe . a dark spot emphasized by a white or pale area along its ventral margin is just anterior to the first dorsal spine . dorsal , adipose and caudal fins shaded with melanophores .
found in tidal rivers and lakes ; also beels , canals , ditches , ponds , and inundated fields . its pectoral spine can cause painful wounds ( ref . 4833 ) . found in the basin - wide tributary of the lower mekong ( ref . 36667 ) . oviparous , distinct pairing possibly like other members of the same family ( ref . 205 ) .
talwar , p . k . and a . g . jhingran , 1991 . inland fishes of india and adjacent countries . volume 2 . a . a . balkema , rotterdam . ( ref . 4833 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00933 ( 0 . 00603 - 0 . 01443 ) , b = 2 . 98 ( 2 . 86 - 3 . 10 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & ( sub ) family - body ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 ±0 . 5 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( fec = 3 , 314 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 54 of 100 ) .
the generic name is probably derived from the latin mystax , meaning moustache , in reference to the long barbels . it was first used by scopoli in 1777 making it a very old genus that has included many catfishes from throughout the world at one time or another .
easily adapts to a wide variety of frozen and prepared food in the aquarium . may eat very small fish .
smallest 48mm , largest 400mm , average 172mm , most commonly 120mm . all sl .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of bagrus cavasius ( hamilton , 1822 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of pimelodus cavasius hamilton , 1822 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of pimelodus seengtee sykes , 1839 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of aoria cavasius ( hamilton , 1822 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of hypselobagrus nigriceps ( peters , 1868 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of macrones cavasius ( hamilton , 1822 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of macrones nigriceps peters , 1868 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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. he is working on the phylogeny of catfishes based on classical and molecular techniques .
is a professor in the department of life sciences , manipur university . his field of specialization is fish and fisheries . he is presently engaged in taxonomy and systematics of freshwater fishes of northeastern india .
is the director of directorate of coldwater fisheries research ( dcfr ) , bhimtal , uttarakhand ( under icar ) . he is presently engaged in various aspects of coldwater fishery including exploration and documentation of coldwater fishes of india . he is also supervising the
is a principal scientist in dcfr , bhimtal . his field of specialization is cytogenetics and fish molecular biology . he is presently engaged in the molecular characterization and phylogeny of coldwater fishes of india . he also supervises doctoral and post doctoral research in fish and fisheries .
ad survey , collection , morphometric and anatomic study and phylogeny of catfishes of northeast india ; wv supervision of taxonomy and phylogeny of freshwater fishes of northeastern india ; pcm inventory and cataloguing of coldwater fishes of india ; ab supervise phylogenetic study of coldwater fishes .
ab differential diagnosis , interpretation of the results , comparison with available literature and discuss taxonomic status .
we are thankful to heok hee ng for providing us valuable literature required for this study . the first author is grateful to department of biotechnology , government of india for awarding fellowship under dbt - postdoctoral program in biotechnology and life sciences .
, a new species of bagrid catfish from the headwaters of chindwin drainage in manipur , india , is described here .
it is distinguished from its congeners in having a unique combination of the following characters : a colour pattern of the body consisting of a distinct dark tympanic spot and three brown stripes separated by pale narrow longitudinal lines , cranial fontanel reaching the base of the occipital process , a long - based adipose fin contacting the base of the last dorsal - fin ray anteriorly , 16 - 19 gill rakers on the first branchial arch , a slender cleithral process , pectoral spine with 9 - 11 serrations on the posterior edge , eye with a diameter of 16 . 5–19 . 8 % hl and prepectoral length 22 . 2–26 . 0 % sl .
the new species has been compared with its congeners from myanmar and also from northeastern india .
to have an elongate cranial fontanel reaching up to the base of the occipital process , long maxillary barbel , very long adipose fin , 11–30 gill rakers on the first gill arch and 37–46 total vertebrae , about equally divided between abdominal and caudal regions . he included only eight species under the genus .
mo ( 1991 ) characterized the genus to have a thin needle - like first infraorbital , twisted and thickened metapterygoid loosely attached to the quadrate by means of ligament or a small extent of cartilage .
manipur state in the northeastern corner of india has two headwaters : that of the brahmaputra basin in the west and of the chindwin in the east .
from the lakes and streams of manipur valley , including the loktak lake ( all headwaters of the chindwin river drainage ) .
hora ( 1936 ) also collected the species from the brahmaputra basin in nagaland and menon ( 1954 ) from manipur .
the species was also reported from the chindwin basin of manipur by menon ( 1953 , 1954 ) , singh & singh ( 1985 ) , vishwanath et al . ( 1998 ) , arunkumar & singh ( 1997 ) and vishwanath
dorsal fin height was measured from the base of the spinelet to the highest point of the dorsal fin .
methods for counting gill rakers and vertebrae follow roberts ( 1992 ) and roberts ( 1994 ) , respectively .
hora , 1921 : 165–214 ( brief description of specimens from manipur valley , chindwin basin ) .
singh & singh , 1985 : 87 ( reported from sekmai & chakpi rivers , manipur ) ; vishwanath et al . 1998 : 323 ( reported from chatrikong river , manipur ) ;
arunkumar & singh , 1997 : 131 ( reported from yu - river in manipur ) ; jayaram & sanyal , 2003 : 42 ( in part , synonymy and description ) .
12 . viii . 2000 , 7ex . , 87 . 0–71 . 6 mm sl , wangoi - ngarian lake , ( chindwin drainage ) , a . drashan ( mumf 9502 / 1 - 9502 / 7 ) ; 08 . ix . 2000 , 4 ex . , 79 . 9–108 . 7 mm sl , khuga river ( chindwin drainage ) , churanchanpur district , k . santa devi ( mumf 9503 / 1 - 9503 / 4 ) ; 02 . xi . 2006 , 14 ex . , 60 . 5–86 . 3 mm sl , nambul river at naoremthong , imphal - west district , h . joyshree devi , ( mumf 9504 / 1 - 9504 / 14 ) .
70 . 2–96 . 2 mm sl , iril river at keibi ( chindwin river drainage ) , i . linthoingambi , ( mumf 9505 / 1 - 9505 / 22 ) ; 06 . vi . 1996 , 4 ex . , 83 . 1–104 . 7 mm sl , chatrickong river at sanalok ( chindwin river drainage ) , ukhrul district , k . selim ( mumf 1096–1099 ) .
morphometric data are shown in table 1 . dorsal profile rising evenly ( at an angle of 20–25
to the horizontal ) from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin then goes almost horizontal to anterior third of adipose fin , then sloping gradually ventrally from there to end of caudal peduncle .
ventral profile roughly straight to end of anal - fin base , then sloping gently dorsally to the end of caudal peduncle .
anterior cranial fontanel extending from level of posterior nasal opening to posterior orbital margins , separated from posterior fontanel by epiphyseal bar .
supraoccipital process long , reaching basal bone of dorsal fin , its base narrow with about one - fifth of its length , distally tapered .
eye ovoid , horizontal axis longest , located entirely in the dorsal half of the head .
tooth band on vomer continuous across midline and crescentic , slightly broader than premaxillary in middle , tapering posterolaterally , extending to level of lateral end of premaxillary tooth band .
dentary tooth band separated in the middle by thick skin , tapering laterally on each side , broader than premaxillary and vomerine tooth band at symphysis , length of one side equals lateral span of vomerine tooth band . gill openings wide , free from isthmus . first branchial arch has 16–19 gill rakers .
barbels in four pairs , maxillary barbel not reaching anal - fin origin , nasal reaching posterior rim of eye , outer mandibular barbel reaching base of pectoral fin and inner mandibular barbel slightly shorter .
dorsal - fin origin slightly anterior to the middle of the body , with spinelet , spine , and seven branched rays .
dorsal spine three - fifths to three - fourths of dorsal - fin height , smooth on both edges .
adipose fin long , spanning most of postdorsal distance , its origin in contact with base of last dorsal - fin ray and deeply incised posterior portion .
pectoral spine backwardly curved with 9–11 large posterior serrations and anteriorly rough . pelvic fin short with i
anal - fin origin inserted at vertical through middle of adipose - fin base , with iii - v , 8–9 rays , anterior two simple rays minute , visible in alizarin stained specimens . caudal fin deeply forked with i
ribs : commonly 12 , rarely 11 ; vertebra with 40–41 ( 21 + 19 = 40 or 22 + 18 = 40 or 23 + 18 = 41 ) .
caudal skeleton composed of five hypural plates ( two on lower and three on upper lobe ) .
dorsal and ventral lobes of caudal fin with 10 and 11 procurrent rays , respectively .
males with long genital papilla reaching to the base of the second branched anal - fin ray .
in life or freshly dead : dorsal portion of the head and body brownish - grey with greenish reflection ; tympanic spot without distinct margin , with greenish reflection that is more pronounced in the middle ; lateral surface of body silvery with brownish - golden reflection without prominent stripes , ventrally dull white .
in 10 % formalin : dorsal portion of the head and body brownish - gray , tympanic spot with distinct margin , three brown lateral stripes on body separated by pale longitudinal lines , lower pale longitudinal line about twice as wide as the upper .
the specific epithet is derived from the manipuri local name of the fish : ‘ngasep’ .
are very similar to the new species in having a long - based adipose fin that contacts the base of the last dorsal - fin ray anteriorly and cranial fontanel reaching to the base of the occipital process .
from the chindwin - irrawaddy and ganga - brahmaputra river drainages is given in table 2 .
in having three brown stripes on the body separated by pale narrow longitudinal lines above and below the lateral line ( vs . a brownish body with a midlateral stripe lacking the pale longitudinal lines ) .
in having more gill rakers on the first branchial arch ( 16–19 vs . 13–15 ; table 3 ) , more pectoral - fin rays ( 9–10 vs . 7–8 ) , more anal - fin rays ( 8–9 vs . 6–7 ) and a shorter maxillary barbel ( 200 . 0–235 . 0 % hl vs . 247 . 4–345 . 0 ) .
collected from the chindwin basin in the indo - burma border in manipur were examined and found to have a long - based adipose fin contacting the base of the last dorsal - fin ray anteriorly , a cranial fontanel reaching the base of the occipital process and a black spot at the base of the caudal fin .
vinciguerra’s ( 1890 ) description of the species clearly states the presence of a black spot at the base of the caudal fin .
labelled as zsi 781 , collected from prome ( = pyay ) , myanmar . the zsi specimen has all the diagnostic characters of
and also bears a noticeably darker region at the base of the caudal fin .
by the absence of a black or dark brown spot at the base of the caudal fin ( vs . spot present ; image 2 ) , shorter maxillary barbel ( 200 . 0–235 . 0 % hl vs . 255 . 3–290 . 2 ) and smaller eye ( eye diameter : 16 . 2–19 . 8 % hl vs . 20 . 8–23 . 5 ) .
in having ( vs . lacking ) brown lateral stripes on the body , a shorter maxillary barbel ( 200 . 0–235 . 0 % hl vs . 355 . 8–538 . 0 ) , a lower dorsal fin ( dorsal - fin height : 20 . 8–21 . 8 % sl vs . 25 . 7–33 . 6 ) and lacking the black spot in front of dorsal spine ( vs . spot present ) .
in having a longer cranial fontanel reaching the base of the occipital process ( vs . not reaching , but extending up to half the length of supraoccipital bone ) ; adipose - fin base in contact ( vs . not in contact ) with the base of the last dorsal - fin ray anteriorly , and a smooth ( vs . serrated ) dorsal spine .
further differs from the new species in having ( vs . lacking ) a filamentous extension of the upper principle - ray of the caudal fin .
in having a wider vomerine tooth - band ( as wide as the premaxillary tooth - band vs . about one - third of the premaxillary tooth - band ) , fewer vertebrae ( 41–42 vs . 35 ) and lacking ( vs . having ) a black spot at the base of the caudal fin .
from manipur based on five specimens ( 92 . 2–125 . 6 mm sl ) , but they did not provide the exact collection site of the specimens .
with a black spot at the base of the caudal fin from our extensive surveys of the brahmaputra river drainage in manipur .
however , we were unable to verify the identity of jayaram & sanyal’s ( 2003 ) material , as we were unable to locate this material for study in the collections of the zoological survey of india in kolkata .
in having a slender ( vs . broad ) cleithral process , smaller eye ( diameter 16 . 2–19 . 8 % hl vs . 20 . 2–25 . 9 ) , shorter maxillary barbel ( 200 . 0–235 . 0 % hl vs . 241 . 3–330 . 0 ) , more gill rakers on the first branchial arch ( 16–19 vs . 11–15 ) , fewer pectoral spine serrations on the posterior edge ( 9–11 vs . 11–16 ) and longer prepectoral length ( 22 . 2–26 . 0 % sl vs . 19 . 5–21 . 8 ) and dorsal spine that extends to about three - fifths to three - quarters ( vs . nearly half ) of the fin height .
in having a narrower base of the supraoccipital process , its width at the base being about one - fifth of its length ( vs . two - fifths to half of its length ) ; more vertebrae ( 40–41 vs . 37–40 ) , with the closure of the haemal arches appearing from the 12 th –14 th ( vs . commonly 11 th or rarely 12 th ) vertebra onwards .
in having fewer gill rakers ( 16–19 vs . 28 ) on the first arch , more vertebrae ( 40–41 vs . 36 )
thin black mid - lateral line connecting the tympanic spot and the black spot at the base of the caudal fin .
in having a smooth ( vs . with 8–9 serrations posteriorly ) dorsal spine , longer adipose - fin base ( 37 . 1–44 . 5 % sl vs . 24 . 0–31 . 7 ) ,
fewer gill rakers on the first arch ( 16–19 vs . 31–42 ) , 11–12 ( vs . 8–9 ) ribs and 40–41 ( vs . 34–37 ) vertebrae
in having more vertebrae ( 40–41 vs . 32 ) , a longer adipose - fin base ( 37 . 1–44 . 5 % sl vs . 8 . 5–11 . 9 ) , vomerine tooth - band continuous ( vs . interrupted in the middle ) , fewer gill rakers on the first arch ( 16–19 vs . 23–24 ) and lacking ( vs . having ) the coracoid shield below the pectoral fin .
in having a longer occipital process ( reaching to the basal bone of dorsal fin vs . not reaching ) , origin of adipose - fin base in contact ( vs . not in contact ) with the base of the last dorsal - fin ray , and a smooth ( vs . posteriorly serrated ) dorsal spine .
: zsi kolkata 1076 ( lectotype ) , 101 . 5mm sl ; india : yamuna river .
mumf 9521 ( 10 ) , 85 . 6–108 . 3 mm sl ; india : ganga river at patna . mumf 9522 ( 10 ) , 74 . 2–98 . 8 mm sl ; india : guwahati : brahmaputra river .
] , 95mm sl ; burma : prome . mumf 9530 ( 5 ) , 84 . 5–101 . 1 mm sl ; india : manipur : chandel district , moreh market .
: mumf 9513 ( 10 ) , 74 . 8–109 . 7 mm sl ; india : guwahati : brahmaputra river .
: mumf 9514 and 9517 ( 9 ) , 96 . 5–206 mm sl ; india : manipur : lokchao river .
zsi kolkata f 4716 - 19 / 1 ( 4 syntypes ) , 51 . 7–55 . 5 mm sl ; burma : bhamo . mumf 1100–1105 ( 6 ) , 55 . 8–69 . 9 mm sl ; india : manipur : ukhrul district : chatrikong river ( headwater of chindwin river drainage ) .
: mumf 9520 / 1 - 9520 / 20 ( 20 ) , 67 . 9–75 . 7 mm sl ; india : west bengal : kolkata .
mumf 9523 ( 15 ) , 52 . 1–77 . 5 mm sl ; india : brahmaputra river at guwahati .
: zsi ff4081 ( 1 ) , 47 . 9mm sl ; india : assam : brahmaputra river at guwahati .
zsi ff4080 ( 1 ) , 42 . 9mm sl ; same data as above .
mumf 9518 / 1 ( 1 ) , 39 . 0mm sl ; india : assam : brahmaputra river at guwahati .
mumf 9518 / 3 - 9518 / 10 ( 8 ) , 30 . 2–47 . 9 mm sl ; same data as above .
mumf 9519 / 1 - 9519 / 17 ( 17 ) , 39 . 0–47 . 0 mm sl ; same data as above .
mumf 9531 ( 1 ) , 36 mm sl ; india : assam : ujan bazar , guwahati .
( hamilton , 1822 ) ( teleostei : bagridae ) , with a description of a new species from myanmar .
checklist of catfishes , recent and fossil ( osteichthyes : siluriformes ) and catalogue of siluriform primary types .
fish and fisheries of manipur with some observations on those of the naga hills .
anatomy , relationships and systematics of the bagridae ( teleostei : siluroidei ) with a hypothesis of siluroid phylogeny .
on the collection of fishes from tengnoupal district of manipur with some new records .
national bureau of fish genetic resources , lucknow , up , india , 264pp .
copyright ( c ) 2011 a . darshan , w . vishwanath , p . c . mahanta , a . barat
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