the sparsely-spotted stingaree , white-spotted stingaree , or dixon 's stingaree ( urolophus paucimaculatus ) is a species of stingray in the family urolophidae , common off the southern australian coast .

preferring sandy flats and seagrass beds , this benthic ray can be found from close to shore to a depth of at least 150 m ( 490 ft ) , and tends to occur deeper in the northern portion of its range .

reaching a length of 57 cm ( 22 in ) , this species has a broad , diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc that is typically plain gray in color above with a v-shaped marking between the eyes .

individuals from southerly waters also generally exhibit a smattering of small , dark-edged white spots .

this ray is further characterized by a distinctively bell-shaped curtain of skin between the nostrils .

its tail has a skin fold running along either side and a leaf-shaped caudal fin , but no dorsal fin .

relatively inactive during daytime , the sparsely-spotted stingaree preys mainly on crustaceans , and to a much lesser extent on polychaete worms and other small benthic organisms .

it is aplacental viviparous , with the mother provisioning her young with histotroph ( " uterine milk " ) .

life history differs between the eastern and western subpopulations : eastern females bear litters of up to six pups with a twelve-month gestation period , while western females bear litters of only one or two pups with a ten-month gestation period .

also , western rays mature later and live longer than eastern rays .

the venomous sting of the sparsely-spotted stingaree is potentially injurious to humans , and it has been reported to react aggressively if disturbed .

the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) has listed it under least concern , as there is little fishing activity over the majority of its range .

sparsely - spotted stingaree

demographic biology of the sparsely - spotted stingaree urolophus paucimaculatus from south eastern australia . abstract .
regional differences in the reproductive parameters of the sparsely - spotted stingaree , urolophus paucimaculatus , from south - eastern australia .
bray , d . and gomon , m . ( 2018 ) urolophus paucimaculatus sparsely - spotted stingaree in museums victoria collections urltoken accessed 10 july 2018
murch , a . spotted stingaree . elasmodiver . com . retrieved on september 7 , 2010 .
during the day , the spotted stingaree is often encountered buried in sand or hidden amongst seagrass or rocks .
head of a sparsely - spotted stingaree , urolophus paucimaculatus , at st leonards in port phillip bay , victoria . source : julian finn / museum victoria . license : cc by attribution
disc of the spotted stingaree is oval in shape and slightly longer than wide ; it is more circular in juveniles .
a pale grey stingaree with distinctive whitish spots on the disc . the spots are arranged in a regular pattern , and each has a darker margin . the sparsely - spotted stingaree is widely distributed and abundant on sandy bottoms and in seagrass beds in southern australia .
more information :
regional differences in the reproductive parameters of the sparsely - spotted stingaree , urolophus paucimaculatus , from south - eastern australia .
marine and freshwater research 65 ( 11 ) 943 - 958 urltoken
researchers have found regional differences in the reproductive strategies of one of australia ' s most abundant stingray species , the sparsely - spotted stingaree ( urolophus paucimaculatus ) , leading them to question whether they might in fact be separate species .
my study concludes that stingaree species in wa have developed a different reproductive strategy to the stingaree species in se australia ,
dr trinnie says .
sparsely - spotted stingarees are common and abundant on sandy bottoms and in seagrass beds in shallow bays , harbours and inlets , and on the continental shelf to a depth of 150 m .
reproductive biology of the eastern shovelnose stingaree trygonoptera imitata from south - eastern australia .
asynchrony and regional differences in the reproductive cycle of the greenback stingaree urolophus viridis from south - eastern australia .
biennial reproductive cycle in an extensive matrotrophic viviparous batoid : the sandyback stingaree urolophus bucculentus from south - eastern australia .
edwards , r . r . c . 1980 . aspects of the population dynamics and ecology of the white spotted stingaree , urolophus paucimaculatus dixon , in port phillip bay , victoria . australian journal of marine and freshwater research 31 : 459 - 467
the sparsely - spotted stingaree is widely distributed and abundant on sandy bottoms and in seagrass beds in southern australia , and often rests partly buried in the sandy bottom . stingarees must handled with great care as the serrated spine is venomous and can inflict a very painful wound . when wading in sandy shallows and seagrass areas it is advisable to shuffle along to avoid accidentally stepping on one of these rays .
while this species is most similar to the common stingaree , trygonoptera testacea , it lacks the dark mask around the eyes .
wa fisheries researcher dr fabian trinnie completed a phd on five stingaree species for the purpose of fisheries stock assessment , ecological risk assessment , and species extinction - risk .
the eastern and western forms of this ray differ slightly in coloration ; the western form , called sinclair ' s stingaree , has been considered a distinct separate species by some authors .
rather reclusive , at least during the day , the spotted stingaree preys largely on crustaceans . it is aplacental viviparous : female bear litters of up to 13 pups and supply them with histotroph (
uterine milk
) during gestation . relatively inoffensive towards humans , the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) has listed this species under least concern , citing the overall low level of fishing activity across its range . furthermore , it is sheltered from commercial fishing gear by the rough terrain of its favored habitats .
the spotted stingaree ( urolophus gigas ) is an uncommon species of stingray in the family urolophidae , endemic to shallow waters along the coast of southern australia . it favors rocky reefs and seagrass beds . this species can be readily identified by its nearly circular , dark - colored pectoral fin disc , adorned with a complex pattern of white or cream spots . its eastern and western forms differ slightly in coloration and have been regarded as separate species . there is a skirt - shaped curtain of skin between its nostrils . its tail is fairly thick and terminates in a short leaf - shaped caudal fin ; a relatively large dorsal fin is present just in front of the stinging spine .
justification : urolophus paucimaculatus is an abundant endemic species distributed throughout southern australia on sandy and seagrass substrates . this stingaree is a significant component of the bycatch of seine and trawl fisheries in southeastern and southwestern australia , though its distribution far exceeds the extent of these fisheries . the species has no current commercial value but is edible and has the potential to be utilised in the future . eastern and western populations may be distinct but further research is required to verify this . with a wide southern australian distribution and its abundant status ( abundance has increased in some areas , i . e . , port phillip bay , victoria ) the species is assessed as least concern . however , given the low fecundity of the species ( 1 to 2 young per year in wa ; 1 to 6 per year in se australia ) , the high abortion rates among pregnant females landed by trawlers is the only real threat to this species and the catches of this species as bycatch should be monitored into the future .
stingarees must handled with great care as the serrated spine is venomous and can inflict a very painful wound .
endemic to southern australia , from from northern new south wales to about lancelin in western australia , including victoria , tasmania and south australia .
disc smooth , somewhat rhomboidal in shape with a broadly triangular fleshy snout . tail long , flattened near base , with prominent skin folds along the sides ; caudal fin deepish , spine long and slender ; dorsal fin absent .
pale grey above with a variable number of distinctive pale , regularly - arranged spots , each with a darker border . underside pale .
carnivore - prey on crustaceans , polychaete worms and small fishes . juveniles feed on small crustaceans .
mating occurs in early to mid - summer and females give birth to a maximum of 6 pups in late autumn after a gestation of 10 - 12 months .
commonly taken as bycatch in seine and trawl fisheries in southern australia , although seldom marketed .
urolophus paucimaculatus dixon , 1969 , vic . nat . 86 ( 1 ) : 11 , pls 1 - 3 . type locality : off cape patton , victoria .
dixon , j . m . 1969 . a new species of ray of the genus urolophus ( elasmobranchii : urolophidae ) from victoria . victorian naturalist 86 ( 1 ) : 11 - 18 pls 1 - 3
gomon , m . f . , yearsley , g . k . & last , p . r . 2008 . family urolophidae . 125 - 137 pp . in gomon . m . f . , bray , d . j . & kuiter , r . h ( eds ) . fishes of australia ' s southern coast . sydney : reed new holland 928 pp .
hobday , d . k . , officer , r . a . & parry , g . d . 1999 . changes in demersal fish communities in port phillip bay , australia , over two decades , 1970–91 . marine and freshwater research 50 : 397–407 .
hutchins , j . b . & swainston , r . 1986 . sea fishes of southern australia . complete field guide for anglers and divers . perth : swainston publishing 180 pp .
last , p . r . & gomon , m . f . 1994 . family urolophidae . pp . 172 - 181 figs 150 - 159 in gomon , m . f . , glover , c . j . m . & kuiter , r . h ( eds ) . the fishes of australia ' s south coast . adelaide : state printer 992 pp . 810 figs
last , p . r . & stevens , j . d . 1994 . sharks and rays of australia . canberra : csiro australia 513 pp . 84 pls
last , p . r . & stevens , j . d . 2009 . sharks and rays of australia . collingwood : csiro publishing australia 2 , 550 pp .
last , p . r . , yearsley , g . k . & white , w . t . 2016 . family urolophidae pp . 676 - 705 . in : last , p . r . , white , w . t . , de carvalho , m . r . , séret , b . , stehmann , m . f . w . & & naylor , g . j . p . ( eds ) rays of the world . melbourne : csiro publishing , 800 pp .
platell , m . e . , potter , i . c . & clarke , k . r . 1998 . resource partitioning by four species of elasmobranchs ( batoidea : urolophidae ) in coastal waters of temperate australia . marine biology 131 ( 4 ) : 719 - 734 .
trinnae , f . i . 2013 . reproduction in five sympatric batoid species ( family urolophidae ) from south - eastern australia . phd thesis , deakin university , 198 pp .
trinnie , f . i . , white , w . t . & walker , t . i . 2006 . urolophus paucimaculatus . the iucn red list of threatened species 2006 : e . t60102a12300571 . urltoken downloaded on 17 november 2016 .
white , w . t . & potter , i . c . 2005 . reproductive biology , size and age compositions and growth of the batoid urolophus paucimaculatus , including comparisons with other species of urolophidae . marine and freshwater research 56 ( 1 ) : 101 - 110
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there are potential issues regarding eastern and western subpopulations of the species and molecular work is probably needed .
urolophus paucimaculatus is known to inhabit most southern australian continental waters where it is distributed widely across a variety of soft substrates , from shallow bays and inlets to the open continental shelf : from northern new south wales ( 31°50 ' s ) to lancelin in western australia ( 31°00 ' s ) including victoria , tasmania and south australia ( last and stevens 1994 ) . the species has undergone a southward range expansion in recent decades .
this species is one of the most abundant and widely distributed benthic chondrichthyans found in southern australian waters , but little is not known about whether subpopulations or fragmentation occur . however , the southwestern population and the southeastern populations appear to be separated . in port phillip bay , victoria , local abundances can be correlated with the catch of recreational and commercial benthic fish species and increases in the abundance of u . paucimaculatus were recorded from 1970 to 1991 , probably due to a reduction in the abundance of competitors ( hobday et al . 1999 ) .
this species is demersal on the inner continental shelf over sandy and seagrass substrates from the shore to 150 m depth or more , including shallow bays and inlets ( last and stevens 1994 ) . in se australia it is generally found < 80 m depth and occurs deeper in the great australian bight . the species exhibits aplacental viviparity with uterine trophonemata and histotroph but demonstrates extreme atrophy of the left ovary and uterus . ovulation occurs between spring and early summer in se australia . litter size 1 to 2 in sw australia and varies 1 to 6 in se australia , with larger mothers carrying more young than smaller mothers . spontaneous abortion occurs at all sizes of pregnant animals when handled or caught in fishing gear . the sex ratio of embryos in se australia is 1 : 1 . diet consists primarily of crustaceans , in particular mysids , carid decapods and amphipods ( platell et al . 1998 ) . life history parameters for both se australia ( trinnie 2003 ) and sw australia ( white and potter in prep ) are given in the table below . life history parameters age at maturity : se aust : ~ 3 years at 50 % maturity , sw aust : 5 years ( female ) ; se aust : ~ 2 . 5 years at 50 % maturity , sw aust : 3 years ( male ) . size at maturity ( total length / dic width ) : se aust : 50 % mature at 27 cm tl , sw aust : 50 % mature at 22 . 3 cm dw ( female ) ; se aust : 50 % mature at 27 . 8 cm tl , sw aust : 50 % mature at 20 . 7 cm dw ( male ) . longevity : se aust : 9 + years ( females ) ; 8 + years ( males ) ; sw aust : 14 years . maximum size ( total length / disc width ) : se aust : 50 cm tl ( females ) ; 42 cm tl ( males ) ; sw aust : 27 . 2 cm dw . size at birth : se aust : ~ 15 . 0 to 15 . 5 cm tl ; sw aust : 12 . 6 cm dw . average reproductive age ( years ) : unknown . gestation time : se aust : ~ 1 year ; sw aust : 10 months . reproductive periodicity : 1 litter per annum . average annual fecundity or litter size : se aust : 1 - 6 dependant on maternal size ; sw aust : 1 to 2 . annual rate of population increase : unknown . natural mortality : unknown .
se australia : urolophus paucimaculatus is commonly taken as bycatch in danish and inshore beach seines in the southern and eastern scalefish and shark fishery ( sessf ) . the demersal monofilament gillnets and longlines of the shark fishery in southern australia catch only small numbers and have no effect on the abundance of this species ( walker et al . 2002 ) . rapid risk assessment of the catch susceptibility defined from
availability
,
selectivity
,
encounterability
and
post - capture mortality
, rates this species as low to all fishing methods in the sessf ( t . i . walker , unpublished data ) . of animals caught and released , there would be some loss of aborting embryos in pregnant animals from the effects of capture and handling . although encounterability and selectivity are high for demersal trawl , availability is low because most of the population is distributed outside the range of this fishery . sw australia : a trawl survey of demersal fishes on the coastal shelf regions of sw australia in the early 1990s reported that u . paucimaculatus constituted 5 . 2 % of the total biomass of fish caught ( laurenson et al . 1994 , hyndes et al . 1999 ) . only a small number of trawlers operate within the range of this species and no other fisheries catch urolophids in the sw portion of its range . although females often abort embryos after capture , the low level of fishing pressure in sw australia appears to be sustainable with respect to this species . south australia / great australian bight : the species was reported as a negligible component of bycatch in the spencer gulf prawn fishery by carrick ( 1997 ) . this fishery is part of the south australian prawn fisheries and effort outside of spencer gulf and gulf saint vincent is low . indeed , a large portion of the range of u . paucimaculatus receives little fishing , i . e . large parts of inshore areas of the great australian bight . the great australian bight trawl sector of the sessf operates at depths exceeding that of u . paucimaculatus .
current monitoring of several areas in se australia is being conducted to better understand its population dynamics and to determine its life history characteristics . research is required to determine if eastern and western populations are distinct . the extensive network of ( small ) marine protected areas in southern australia will provide conservation benefits to this and other elasmobranch species . the effective implementation of the australian national plan of action for the conservation and management of sharks ( shark advisory group and lack 2004 ) ( under the fao international plan of action for the conservation and management of sharks : ipoa - sharks ) will help to facilitate the conservation and sustainable management of all chondrichthyan species in australia .
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abstract : quantifying the feeding ecology of marine predators is essential for understanding their trophic interactions and their potential regulatory effects in marine ecosystems . i quantified the feeding ecology of 2 related predators that overlap only in part in spatial distribution : the coastal broadnose notorynchus cepedianus and the deepwater sharpnose heptranchias perlo sevengill sharks . i found the following : these 2 shark species have different diet specialisation patterns , but show similarities in their prey handling mode . n . cepedianus has a generalised diet , whereas h . perlo shows high specialisation and lower prey diversity . for both shark species , small , medium and large individuals use different strategies for handling different prey groups . h . perlo preys largely on deepwater teleosts , mainly lepidorhynchus denticulatus , with larger individuals ( 901 to 1365 mm total length , tl ) also consuming high proportions of large predatory teleosts of the families gempylidae and trichiuridae . n . cepedianus has a diverse diet . small individuals ( ≤900 mm tl ) prey largely on teleosts and secondarily on chondrichthyans . medium individuals ( 901 to 1520 mm tl ) prey primarily on chondrichthyans and secondarily on teleosts . chondrichthyans ( mainly mustelus antarcticus ) are also the main prey of large n . cepedianus ( > 1700 mm tl ) , but this group also shows a greater preference ( than small and medium individuals ) for fur seals . despite the overall differences in dietary composition and the minimal overlap in spatial distribution , the 2 shark species consume prey that migrate from deep to coastal waters ( ommastrephid squid and gempylid fish ) .
cite this article as : braccini jm ( 2008 ) feeding ecology of two high - order predators from south - eastern australia : the coastal broadnose and the deepwater sharpnose sevengill sharks . mar ecol prog ser 371 : 273 - 284 . urltoken
published in meps vol . 371 . online publication date : november 19 , 2008 print issn : 0171 - 8630 ; online issn : 1616 - 1599 copyright © 2008 inter - research .
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yearsley , g . k . , last , p . r . & morris , g . b . 1997 ,
codes for australian aquatic biota ( caab ) : an upgraded and expanded species coding system for australian fisheries databases
, pp . 15 pp . + appendices
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : fb13d131 - d539 - 4789 - aad4 - 2a25acd8fdd3
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 21da9bc4 - 7a3c - 4483 - 9577 - a3b3b6cec338
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 438586
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disc flattened , almost circular , tail slender , tapering , with a prominent serrated spine , a long leaf shaped tail fin ; dorsal fin absent . pale grey above usually with one to four regularly arranged dark edged white spots , a concave bar between the eyes and a whitish underside . usually 30 cm long head to tail tip ( up to 38 cm ) .
disc almost circular , tail with a venomous spine and a caudal fin , greyish to pale brown with several dark - edged pale spots .
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[ 0822 ] garcia et al . ( 2008 ) , the importance of habitat and life history to extinction risk in sharks , skates , rays and chimaeras ( pubmed )
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it does not appear to be common , not does it aggregate any particular location .
the snout is fleshy and usually smoothly rounded , without a protruding tip . the eyes are tiny and followed by much larger comma - shaped
, which have rounded posterior rims . there is a skirt - shaped curtain of skin with a finely fringed posterior margin between the nostrils . the floor of the small mouth bears 9
12 papillae ( nipple - like structures ) ; a further narrow patch of papillae is found on the lower jaw .
80 % as long as the disc and is fairly thick , with an oval cross - section and no lateral skin folds . a serrated stinging spine is placed atop the tail and preceded by a prominent
is lance - like , short , and deep . the skin is completely smooth . the disc is dark brown to black above , becoming lighter towards the margins , and sometimes with irregularly scattered dark dots . there are 2
3 rows of small whitish spots that border the disc margin and may extend onto the tail , as well as much larger pale spots arranged in groups over the middle of the back . the areas before and behind the eyes , and a pair of patches at the back of the disc , are usually free of spots . the tail has a light stripe along the midline in juveniles , and light spots in some adults ; the dorsal and caudal fins are dark brown to black with whitish edges . the underside is white or nearly so ; most individuals have dusky blotches and wide bands bordering the lateral disc margins . in some rays the color pattern is faint . this species can grow up to
milk
) . females can produce litters of up to 13 pups . males and females reach
( mpas ) , and it would potentially benefit from the implementation of the 2004 australian national plan of action for the conservation and management of sharks .
scott , t . d . ( may 28 , 1954 ) .
four new fishes from south australia
.
last , p . r . & l . j . v . compagno ( 1999 ) .
myliobatiformes : urolophidae
. in carpenter , k . e . & v . h . niem .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 11 / 4 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
greek , oura = tail + greek , lophos = crest ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; demersal ; depth range 5 - 150 m ( ref . 12951 ) . temperate , preferred ? ; 32°s - 44°s
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 57 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 12951 )
occurs on the continental shelf ( ref . 7300 ) . adults feed on worms , crabs , shrimp , and small bony fishes while juveniles take small crustaceans ( ref . 12951 ) .
last , p . r . and j . d . stevens , 1994 . sharks and rays of australia . csiro , australia . 513 p . ( ref . 6871 )
- csiro c 4757 , 384 mm tl , mature male , south - west of cape otway , vic . ( 39°09’s , 143°15’e ) , 50 - 67 m depth , coll . by frv courageous , 20 jun . 1976 ; csiro h 3 - 01 , 430 mm tl , female , frederick henry bay , tas . ( 42°55’s , 147°36’e ) , 20 m depth , coll . by fv allanwood , 16 sep . 1983 ; csiro h 6 - 01 , 342 mm tl , mature male , same data as csiro h 3 - 01 ; csiro h 337 - 01 , off stanley , tas . ( exact coordinates unknown ) , 30 m depth , collector unkown , 19 may 1980 ; csiro h 722 - 05 , south - east of broken bay , n . s . w . ( 33°38’s , 151°27’e ) , 63 - 76 m depth , coll . by frv kapala , 20 nov . 1985 ; csiro h 870 - 10 , east of port stephens , n . s . w . ( 32°42’s , 152°32’e ) , 124 - 133 m depth , coll . by frv kapala , 22 apr . 1986 .
sarah miller set
file : urolophus paucimaculatus corner inlet . jpg
as an exemplar on
urolophus paucimaculatus dixon , 1969
.
a new species of ray of the genus urolophus ( elasmobranchii : urolophidae ) from victoria .
dixon , 1969 : in : database of modern sharks , rays and chimaeras , www . shark - references . com , world wide web electronic publication , version 07 / 2018
, 75154 ) . adults feed on worms , crabs , shrimp , and small bony fishes while juveniles take small crustaceans .
host - parasite list / parasite - host list ( version : 01 . 04 . 2015 ) 544 pp , 5 , 37 mb new !
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most easily recognised because of its pattern of white spots on the upper surface ; however , these spots become less distinct or are absent in specimens seen in deeper water and towards the north of its range . the species is more aggressive than other southern stingarees and has been known to attack divers . it is sometimes captured by trawlers in large quantities .
occurrence describes how often the species is found on surveys within its distribution . it is calculated as the % of reef sites surveyed by rls divers across all the ecoregions in which the species has been observed
abundance is calculated as the average number of individuals recorded per rls transect , where present .
edit by : gj edgar . 2008 . australian marine life . new holland , sydney
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while fishing pressure has now been reduced in the east and the species are recovering , dr trinnie warns if the same were to happen in wa , the stingarees would be even more susceptible to over - fishing because recruitment is lower . credit : klaus stiefel
he examined their reproductive biology to determine the periodicity of the reproductive cycle , size - at - maturity and maternity , and litter size caught during commercial fishing in south - east australian waters .
dr trinnie also directly compared the reproductive strategy of u . paucimaculatus which were found in crowdy head in new south wales and in lancelin .
in wa , pups are born in early or mid - summer and females bear litters of one or two , a strategy of producing few but large pups .
in the south - east , however , birth occurs in spring or early summer and females bear litters of up to six , a strategy of more but smaller pups .
without genetic testing , it is unknown whether these differences in u . paucimaculatus are due to them having to adapt to their surrounding environments ; because their habitat and environmental conditions are different or
however , there is mounting evidence to suggest that they are separate species .
dr trinnie says stingarees are highly susceptible to overfishing , as several south - eastern species are listed on the iucn red list as vulnerable to near threatened .
he says that over a 20 year period , some have had their populations reduced by up to 80 per cent .
they are all by - catch species—caught during gill - netting , seine netting , and trawling and not kept for consumption ,
he says .
when thrown back , most individuals would perish and pregnant females would most likely abort their young due to the stress .
while fishing pressure has now been reduced in the east and the species are recovering , dr trinnie warns if the same were to happen in wa , the stingarees would be even more susceptible to over - fishing because recruitment is lower .
if they were overfished in wa , it would take a lot longer to get back to the natural size population ,
he says .
western australian mussel populations ( mytilus galloprovincialis ) could potentially mix with translocated species from the eastern states according to a study by the wa department of fisheries and uwa .
signs of serotiny , an ecological adaptation in which seed release occurs in response to an environmental trigger rather than spontaneously at seed maturation , has been discovered in in two species of conospermum .
a wa botanist says detailed fossil records and the development of phylogenetic trees could help experts understand why flora in australia ' s south - west is so diverse in comparison to the south - east .
a western australian study has found that restricting trawling to 20 - 40 per cent of fishing areas in shark bay can mitigate the long - term impacts of commercial trawling in the region .
using baited longlines in conjunction with baited remote underwater video systems ( bruvs ) has improved the way in which deep water fish stocks are monitored for conservation purposes .
two new species of marine sponges , found only in the south - west of western australia , have been identified and named in recognition of the aboriginal peoples who are the traditional owners of the region .
a new type of zebrafish that produces fluorescent tags in migratory embryonic nerve precursor cells could help a rice university neurobiologist and cancer researcher find the origins of the third - most common pediatric cancer . . .
throughout the living world , parents have many ways of gifting their offspring with information they will need to help them survive . a new study in nature ecology and evolution examining the effects of exposure to predators . . .
the nuclei of cells are never static , even when the chromosomes they contain appear to be at rest . theorists at rice university have detailed the combination of forces that drive their constant motion .
the co - evolution of plant—pathogen interactions has been revealed in unprecedented detail in a study of one of the world ' s deadliest crop killers . this is the rice blast pathogen , which destroys enough food to feed more . . .
using genome editing to inactivate a protein called pcsk9 effectively reduces cholesterol levels in rhesus macaques , a species of monkey , according to researchers from the perelman school of medicine at the university of . . .
fish that ' farm ' their own patches of seaweed alter their ' cropping ' practices under high co2 conditions , researchers at the university of adelaide in australia have found .
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ae punt , f trinnie , ti walker , r mcgarvey , j feenstra , a linnane , . . .
rapid assessment of sustainability for ecological risk of shark and other chondrichthyan bycatch species taken in the southern and eastern scalefish and shark fish . . .
ti walker , jd stevens , jm braccini , rk daley , c huveneers , sb irvine , . . .
as steffe , sm taylor , sj blight , kl ryan , cj desfosses , ac tate , . . .
threatened fish species that utilize riverine environments are faced with critical habitat degradation caused by various disturbances . brachymystax lenok tsinlingensi . . .
sustainability of the rock lobster resource in south - eastern australia in a changing environment : implications for assessment and management : final report to fi . . .
a linnane , ti walker , ae punt , bs green , r mcgarvey , je feenstra , . . .
copyright© 2008 ningaloo turtle program . illustrations copyright© 2008 cape conservation group , inc . ningaloo turtle program po box 201 exmouth wa 6707
r mau , s bedford , s mckinna - jones , l reinhold , f trinnie , r carter , . . .
phone : + 61 2 9850 4229 e - mail : joomyun . park [ at ] urltoken
resilience and sustainability are increased in marine ecosystems with greater diversity and niche complexity of species . changes in tasmanian faunal assemblages have been documented over varying time periods , and have been linked to a number of anthropogenic influences , including fishing , invasive species and climate change . although the physical biogeographic parameters of the area have been well studied , there is still little known of the overall functioning of these ecosystems , particularly in commercially fished inshore waters . an understanding of the functioning of such communities is particularly important in the face of increasing negative perturbations impacting these systems .
my research focuses on the impacts of the southeastern trawl fishery on the ecosystem functioning of the marine communities in northern tasmanian inshore waters . specifically , i am documenting the assemblage of species that comprise the community , and assessing how widespread this community is . i will assess the trophic structure and functioning of the community through analyses of gut content and stable isotopes . biometric data will also be used to help understand community dynamics . through analysis of fisheries bottom trawl data over the past 20 years , my colleagues and i will assess community changes over time , and will use proxies , such as the proportion of pelagic to demersal species , to determine the state of community resilience .
such information will facilitate more informed decisions in fisheries management and conservation for the area .
during my phd , i studied the feeding and reproductive ecology of fishes collected by the trawl fishery in the southeastern waters of korea . after my phd , my research focused on two areas : ( 1 ) the ecology of larval fishes , and ( 2 ) the life history of mudskippers . research from the larval fishes study correlated impacts of climate change to the ecology of fishes the eastern sea of korea ( east / japan sea ) . several tropical and / or subtropical fish larvae , such as dolphin fish and chromis , occurred in the temperature water of the east japan sea . their presence was hypothesized to be due to the northward expansion of warmer water via the kuroshio current , particularly during summer . moreover , the zooplankton community was dominated by tropical originated copepod species , which are typical of warmer waters .
my research on the distribution and life history of mudskippers ( gobiidae ) occurred in tidal flats of southern coastal area in korea . three co - occurring species of mudskippers occurred in the area , with some segregation in habitat ranges . through gut content analyses , i showed that the diets of the three species varied , and such niche diversification may be responsible for the co - occurrence over time . i also found that some individuals consumed their own progeny , with filial cannibalism occurring during egg guarding . this may due to insufficient food resources and limited foraging opportunities for the guarding parents .
, kwak sn . 2014 . length–weight relationships and reproductive characteristics of the crowned seahorse ( hippocampus coronatus ) in eelgrass beds ( zostera marina ) of dongdae bay , korea . marine biology research , in publication .
baeck gw , park jm , huh sh , kim hj , jeong jm . feeding habits of kammal thryssa thryssa kammalensis ( bleeker , 1849 ) in the coastal waters of gadeok - do , korea . animal cells and systems , 18 , 154 - 159 .
kwak sn , park jm , huh sh . 2014 . seasonal variations in species composition and abundance of fish and decapods in an eelgrass ( zostera marina ) bed of jindong bay . journal of the korean society of marine environment & safety , 20 , 259 - 269 .
, huh sh , jeong jm , baeck gw . 2014 . diet composition and feeding strategy of yellow goosefish , lophius litulon ( jordan , 1902 ) , on the southeastern coast of korea . journal of applied ichthyology , 30 , 151 - 155 .
baeck gw , jeong jm , kim hj , huh sh , park jm . 2014 . length - weight and length - length relationships for four species of righteye flounder ( pleuronectidae ) on the south coast of korea . journal of applied ichthyology , 30 , 204 - 205 .
shim jh , kwon j , park jm , kwak sn . 2013 . the effect of ocean acidification on early growth of juvenile oliver flounder ( paralichthys olivaceus ) : in situ mesocosm experiment . korean journal of environmental biology , 31 , 353 - 361 .
, hashimoto h , jeong jm , kim h . j , baeck gw . 2013 . age and growth of the robust tonguefish cynoglossus robustus in the seto inland sea , japan . animal cells and systems , 17 , 290 - 297 .
baeck gw , yoon yh , park jm . 2013 . ontogenetic and diel changes in diets of two sympatric mudskippers periophthalmus modestus and periophthalmus magnuspinnatus on the tidal flats of suncheon bay , korea . fisheries science , 79 , 629 - 637 .
huh sh , baeck gw , choo hg , park jm . 2013 . feeding habits of spearnose grenadier , coeorinchus multispinulosus in the coastal waters off gori . korean journal of ichthyology , 25 , 157 - 162 .
huh sh , choi hc , baeck gw , kim hw , park jm . 2013 . seasonal distribution of larval fishes in the central and southern surface warters of the east sea . korean journal of fisheries and aquatic science , 46 , 216 - 222 .
baeck gw , park jm , choi hc , huh sh . 2013 . diet composition in summer of rosefish helicolenus hilgendorfii on the southeastern coast of korea . ichthyological research , 60 , 75 - 79 .
baeck gw , huh sh , park jm . 2012 . reproductive ecology of the glowbelly , acropoma japonicum ( perciformes : acropomatidae ) in the coastal waters off gori , korea . bulletin of the korean society of fisheries technology , 48 , 118 - 127 .
baeck gw , jeong jm , yeo ym , huh sh , park jm . 2012 . length–weight and length–length relationships for 10 species of scorpionfishes ( scorpaenidae ) on the south coast of korea . journal of applied ichthyology , 28 , 677 - 679 .
baeck gw , park jm , hashimoto h . 2011 . feeding ecology of three tonguefishes , genus cynoglossus ( cynoglossidae ) in the seto inland sea , japan . animal cells and systems , 15 , 325 - 336 .
baeck gw , park ci , choi hc , huh sh , park jm . 2011 . feeding habits of ocellate spot skate , okamejei kenojei ( muller henle , 1841 ) , in coastal waters of taean , korea . journal of applied ichthyology , 27 , 1079 - 1085 .
huh sh , han mi , hwang sj , park jm , baeck gw . 2011 . seasonal variation in species composition and abundance of larval fish assemblages in the south - western jinhae bay , korea . korean journal of ichthyology , 23 , 37 - 45 .
diet composition of juvenile goby species , gymnogobius heptacanthus and chaenogobius annularis , in the coastal waters of geoje , korea , 10 th japan - korea joint symposium on acquaculture , 8 - 9 december 2012 , nagasaki , japan .
stress - related physiological changes and post - release survival of elephant fish ( callorhinchus milii ) after longlining , gillnetting , angling and handling in a controlled setting .
using logbook data to determine the immediate mortality of blue sharks ( prionace glauca ) and tiger sharks ( galeocerdo cuvier ) caught in the commercial u . s . pelagic longline fishery .
prenatal stress from trawl capture affects mothers and neonates : a case study using the southern fiddler ray ( trygonorrhina dumerilii ) .
physiological response and immediate mortality of gill - net - caught blacktip reef sharks ( carcharhinus melanopterus ) .
evaluating time - depth recorders as a tool to measure the behaviour of sharks captured on longlines .
respiratory mode and gear type are important determinants of elasmobranch immediate and post - release mortality .
the adenylate energy charge as a new and useful indicator of capture stress in chondrichthyans .
moving from measuring to predicting bycatch mortality : predicting the capture condition of a longline - caught pelagic shark .
temperature insensitivity and behavioural reduction of the physiological stress response to longline capture by the gummy shark , mustelus antarcticus .
geographical variability in life - history traits of a midslope dogfish : the brier shark deania calcea .
first record of a bicephalic chondrichthyan found in australian waters ; the southern fiddler ray , trygonorrhina dumerilii ( chondrichthyes : rhinobatidae ) .
a meta - analysis of elasmobranch respiratory mode , gear type , and mortality . abstract .
fisheries capture stress and its reproductive consequences ; changes to maternal body condition and neonate size in the southern fiddler ray trygonorrhina dumerilii as a result of trawling and air exposure . poster abstract .
frequency of multiple paternity in gummy shark , mustelus antarcticus , and rig , mustelus lenticulatus , and the implications of mate encounter rate , postcopulatory influences , and reproductive mode .
immediate and delayed effects of gill - net capture on acid - base balance and intramuscular lactate concentration of gummy sharks , mustelus antarcticus .
life history traits of the brier shark and greeneye spurdog inhabiting the continental slope of south - eastern australia . abstract
in : program and abstracts for the 2011 workshop and conference of the oceania chondrichthyan society , 13th–15th september 2011 , sea world resort and water park , gold coast , queensland , australia .
trawl capture of port jackson sharks , heterodontus portusjacksoni , and gummy sharks , mustelus antarcticus , in a controlled setting : effects of tow duration , air exposure and crowding .
stress related physiological changes and post - release survival of port jackson sharks ( heterodontus portusjacksoni ) and gummy sharks ( mustelus antarcticus ) following gill - net and longline capture in captivity .
parathyroid hormone gene family in a cartilaginous fish , the elephant shark ( callorhinchus milii ) .
using rapid assessment and demographic methods to evaluate the effects of fishing on heterodontus portusjacksoni off far - eastern victoria , australia .
evolutionary origin and phylogeny of the modern holocephalans ( chondrichthyes : chimaeriformes ) : a mitogenomic perspective .
incorporating heterogeneity into growth analyses of wild and captive broadnose sevengill sharks notorynchus cepedianus .
gestational morphogenesis of the uterine epithelium of the gummy shark ( mustelus antarcticus ) .
assessing growth band counts from vertebrae and dorsal - fin spines for ageing sharks : comparison of four methods applied to heterodontus portusjacksoni .
use of stochastic models to estimate the growth of the port jackson shark , heterodontus portusjacksoni , off eastern victoria , australia .
microscopic organization of the sperm storage tubules in the oviducal gland of the female gummy shark ( mustelus antarcticus ) , with observations on sperm distribution and storae .
embracing movement and stock structure for assessment of galeorhinus galeus harvested off southern australia .
in : sharks of the open ocean : biology , fisheries and conservation . [ eds m . d . camhi , e . k . pikitch and e . a . babcock ] . blackwell publishing , oxford , u . k . : 369–392
reproductive synchrony of three sympatric species of wobbegong shark ( genus orectolobus ) in new southwales , australia : reproductive parameter estimates necessary for population modelling .
comparison of deterministic growth models fitted to length - at - age data of the piked spurdog ( squalus megalops ) in south - eastern australia .
spatial and temporal variation in the reproductive biology of gummy shark mustelus antarcticus ( chondrichthyes : triakidae ) harvested off southern australia .
embryo development and maternal - embryo nutritional relationships of piked spurdog ( squalus megalops ) .
determining reproductive parameters for population assessments of chondrichthyan species with asynchronous ovulation and parturition : piked spurdog ( squalus megalops ) as a case study .
total and partial length - length , mass - mass and mass - length relationships for the piked spurdog ( squalus megalops ) in south - eastern australia .
hierarchical approach to the assessment of fishing effects on non - target chondrichthyans : case study of squalus megalops in southeastern australia .
in : iucn 2012 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2012 . 2 . < www . iucnredlist . org >
in : fowler , s . l . , cavanagh , r . d . , camhi , m . , burgess , g . h . , cailliet , g . m . , fordham , s . v . , simpfendorfer , c . a . and musick , j . a . ( comp . and ed . ) . sharks , rays and chimaeras : the status of the chondrichthyan fishes . status survey . iucn ssc shark specialist group . iucn , gland , switzerland and cambridge , uk : 48–57
in : hamlett , w . c . ( ed . ) reproductive biology and phylogeny of chondrichthyes : sharks , rays and chimaeras , vol . 3 . endfield , usa : science publishers : 45–79
in : hamlett , w . c . ( ed . ) reproductive biology and phylogeny of chondrichthyes : sharks , rays and chimaeras , vol . 3 . endfield , usa : science publishers : 395–434
using length , age and tagging data in a stock assessment of a length selective fishery for gummy shark ( mustelus antarcticus ) .
catch evaluation of target , by - product and by - catch species taken by gillnets and longlines in the shark fishery of south - eastern australia .
in : hamlett , w . c . ( ed . ) reproductive biology and phylogeny of chondrichthyes : sharks , rays and chimaeras , vol . 3 . endfield , usa : science publishers : 361–393
microscopic organisation of the oviducal gland of the holocephalan elephant fish , callorhynchus milii .
information for ecological risk assessment of piked spurdog ( squalus megalops ) off southeastern australia . abstract
southern shark catch and effort 1970 - 2001 report to australian fisheries management authority .
microanatomy of spermatophore formation and male genital ducts in the holocephalan , callorhynchus milii .
assessing the management - related benefits of fixed - station fishery - independent surveys in australia ' s southern shark fishery .
ultrastructure of sperm storage and male genital ducts in a male holocephalan , the elephant fish , callorhynchus milii .
basslink project review of impacts of high voltage direct current sea cables and electrodes on chondrichthyan fauna and other marine life .
marine and freshwater resources institute report no . 20 : 68pp . second draft . reprinted as integrated impact assessment statement supporting study no . 29 sharks marine . ( basslink a national grid project : melbourne . )
effects of water temperature and salinity on parathyroid hormone - related protein in the circulation and tissues of elasmobranchs .
stock assessment of school shark galeorhinus galeus based on a spatially - explicit population dynamics model .


trachylepis maculilabris is a species of skink .

commonly referred to as the speckle-lipped skink , it can be found in nature in west africa .

trachylepis maculilabris

euprepis maculilabris gray 1845 : 114 euprepes notabilis peters 1879 : 36 euprepes albilabris müller 1885 mabuia ( sic ) maculilabris – boulenger 1887 : 164 mabuya maculilabris – schmidt 1919 : 525 mabuya maculilabris — angel 1942 : 110 mabuya maculilabris comorensis — loveridge 1953 : 200 ( not peters ) mabuya maculilabris maculilabris – de witte 1953 : 23 mabuya maculilabris major sternfeld 1912 ( fide loveridge 1957 ) mabuya maculilabris var . kwidkwiensis sternfeld 1912 mabuya maculilabris var . wauensis sternfeld 1912 mabuya maculilabris var . schubotzi sternfeld 1912 mabuya maculilabris var . graueri sternfeld 1912 mabuya maculilabris var . rohrbecki sternfeld 1912 mabuya maculilabris var . bergeri sternfeld 1912 mabuya polytropis — angel , guibé & lamotte 1954 mabuya maculilabris maculilabris — hoogmoed 1974 : 29 mabuya maculilabris — brygoo 1981 mabuya maculilabris — lanza 1990 mabuya maculilabris maculilabris — broadley 1991 : 523 mabuya maculilabris — greer et al . 2000 mabuya maculilabris maculilabris — broadley & howell 1991 : 15 euprepis maculilabris — mausfeld et al . 2002 trachylepis maculilabris — bauer 2003 mabuya maculilabris var . bergi — mausfeld et al . 2004 ( in error ) euprepis maculilabris — lantermann & lantermann 2009 mabuya maculilabris — largen & spawls 2010 : 394 trachylepis maculilabris — allen et al . 2017 trachylepis maculilabris — spawls et al . 2018 : 141
jennifer hammock split the classifications by mcz resource from trachylepis maculilabris gray 1845 to their own page .
le scinque brun de l ' île d ' europa ( trachylepis maculilabris infralineata ) ( îles eparses - terres australes et antarctiques françaises ) ( crédit : m . sanchez , noi )
ceríaco , luis m . p . ; mariana p . marques , aaron m . bauer 2016 . a review of the genus trachylepis ( sauria : scincidae ) from the gulf of guinea , with descriptions of two new species in the trachylepis maculilabris ( gray , 1845 ) species complex . zootaxa 4109 ( 3 ) : 284–314
kingdon , r . & spawls , s . 2010 . a new gregarious species of trachylepis ( reptilia : sauria : scincidae ) from lolui island , lake victoria , uganda , with a key to ugandan trachylepis . african journal of herpetology 59 ( 2 ) : 123 - 132 - get paper here
trachylepis maculilabris - species dictionary - hong kong : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
allen , kaitlin e . ; walter p . tapondjou n . , luke j . welton , aaron m . bauer 2017 . a new species of trachylepis ( squamata : scincidae ) from central africa and a key to the trachylepis of west and central africa . zootaxa 4268 ( 2 ) : 255–269 - get paper here
broadley , d . g . 1974 . a review of the mabuya maculilabris group in south - eastern africa ( sauria : scincidae ) . arnoldia ( rhodesia ) 6 ( 23 ) : 1 - 10
jesus , josé ; d . james harris and antónio brehm 2005 . phylogeography of mabuya maculilabris ( reptilia ) from são tomé island ( gulf of guinea ) inferred from mtdna sequences . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 37 ( 2 ) : 503 - 510 - get paper here
sindaco , r . , metallinou , m . , pupin , f . , fasola , m . & carranza , s . 2012 . forgotten in the ocean : systematics , biogeography and evolution of the trachylepis skinks of the socotra archipelago . zoologica scripta
chirio , laurent , ivan ineich , andreas schmitz and matthew lebreton . 2008 . a new species of trachylepis fitzinger , 1843 ( squamata : scincidae ) from central african forests . african journal of herpetology 57 ( 1 ) : 13 - 28 - get paper here
ceriaco , luis m . p . 2015 . lost in the middle of the sea , found in the back of the shelf : a new giant species of trachylepis ( squamata : scincidae ) from tinhosa grande islet , gulf of guinea . zootaxa 3973 ( 3 ) : 511–527
for a list of records , countries , and specimens , see ceriaco et al . 2016 : 312 .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
synonymy partly after hoogmoed 1974 . broadley ( 2000 ) elevated m . m . casuarinae to full species status .
angel , f . 1942 . les lézards de madagascar . mem . acad . malagache , tananarive xxxvi : 193 pp .
angel , f . guibé , j . & lamotte , m . 1954 . la réserve naturelle intégrale du mont nimba . 2 . xxxi . lézards . mem . i . f . a . n . 40 : 371 - 379
bauer , a . m . 2003 . on the identity of lacerta punctata linnaeus , 1758 , the type species of the genus euprepis wagler , 1830 , and the generic assignment of afro - malagasy skinks . african journal of herpetology 52 : 1 - 7 . - get paper here
boettger , o . 1913 . reptilien und amphibien von madagascar , den inseln und dem festland ostafrikas . pp . 269 - 375 . in : voeltzkow , a . reise in ostafrika in den jahren 1903 - 1905 . wissenschaftliche ergebnisse . vol . 3 . systematische arbeiten . schweizerbart’ sche verlagsbuchhandlung , nägele und sproesser , stuttgart
böhme , wolfgang , mark - oliver rödel , christian brede & philipp wagner 2011 . the reptiles ( testudines , squamata , crocodylia ) of the forested southeast of the republic guinea ( guinée forestière ) , with a country - wide checklist . bonn zoological bulletin 60 ( 1 ) : 35 - 61 - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1887 . catalogue of the lizards in the british museum ( nat . hist . ) iii . lacertidae , gerrhosauridae , scincidae , anelytropsidae , dibamidae , chamaeleontidae . london : 575pp . - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1897 . a list of reptiles and batrachians from the congo free state , with the description of two new snakes . ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 19 : 276 - 281 - get paper here
branch w . r . ; haagner , g . v . 1993 . the skink mabuya ivensii : new records from zambia and zaire , and the status of the subspecies septemlineata laurent 1964 and the genus lubuya horton . amphibia - reptilia 14 ( 2 ) : 105 - 115 - get paper here
branch , w . r . ; rödel , m . - o . & marais , j . 2005 . herpetological survey of the niassa game reserve , northern mozambique - part i : reptiles . salamandra 41 ( 4 ) : 195 - 214 - get paper here
broadley , d . g . & howell , k . m . 1991 . a check list of the reptiles of tanzania , with synoptic keys . syntarsus 1 : 1—70
broadley , d . g . 1991 . the herpetofauna of northern mwinilunga distr . , northw . zambia . arnoldia zimbabwe 9 ( 37 ) : 519 - 538
broadley , d . g . 1998 . the reptilian fauna of the democratic republic of the congo ( congo - kinshasa ) . in : schmidt , k . p . and noble , g . k . , contributions to the herpetology of the belgian congo . . . [ reprint of the 1919 and 1923 papers ] . ssar facsimile reprints in herpetology , 780 pp .
broadley , d . g . 2000 . a review of the genus mabuya in southeastern africa ( sauria : scincidae ) . african journal of herpetology , 49 ( 2 ) : 87 - 110 - get paper here
broadley , donald g . and f . p . d . cotterill . 2004 . the reptiles of southeast katanga , an overlooked ' hot spot ' . [ congo ] . african journal of herpetology 53 ( 1 ) : 35 - 61 . - get paper here
brygoo e . r . , 1981 . systematique des lezards scincides de la region malgache viii . les mabuya des iles de l ' océan indien occidental : comores , europa , séchelles . bull . mus . natn . hist . nat . 3 : 911–930
calabresi , e . 1915 . contributo alla conoscenza dei rettili della somalia . monitore zoologico italiano ( supplemento ) , 28 : 234—247 . - get paper here
carlino , p . & pauwels , o . s . g . 2015 . an updated reptile list of ivindo national park , the herpetofaunal hotspot of gabon . bull . chicago herp . soc . 50 ( 3 ) : 25 - 39 - get paper here
carretero , m . a . ; harris , j . d . & rocha , s . 2005 . recent observation of reptiles in the comoro islands ( western indian ocean ) . herpetological bulletin ( 91 ) : 19 - 28
ceríaco , luis m . p . , aaron m . bauer , david c . blackburn and ana c . f . c . lavres . 2014 . the herpetofauna of the capanda dam region , malanje , angola . herpetological review 45 ( 4 ) : 667 - 674
chirio , l . & i . ineich 2000 . description d ' un nouveau scincidé endémique des montagnes du cameroun ( lacertilia : mabuya mekuana ) . bull . soc . zool . fr . , 125 ( 3 ) : 185 - 196
chirio , l . & lebreton , m . 2007 . atlas des reptiles du cameroun . mnhn , ird , paris 688 pp .
cimatti , e . 2005 . zanzibar - zala zoological park . reptilia ( gb ) ( 39 ) : 62 - 68 - get paper here
conradie , werner ; gabriela b . bittencourt - silva , hanlie m . engelbrecht , simon p . loader , michele menegon , cristóvão nanvonamuquitxo , michael scott , krystal a . tolley , 2016 . exploration into the hidden world of mozambique’s sky island forests : new discoveries of reptiles and amphibians . zoosyst . evol . 92 ( 2 ) : 163–180 , doi 10 . 3897 / zse . 92 . 9948 - get paper here
gray , j . e . 1845 . catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the british museum . trustees of die british museum / edward newman , london : xxvii + 289 pp . - get paper here
greer , a . e . , arnold , c . & arnold , e . n . 2000 . the systematic significance of the number of presacral vertebrae in the scincid lizard genus mabuya . amphibia - reptilia 21 ( 1 ) : 121 - 126 - get paper here
haagner , g . v . ; branch , w . r . & haagner , a . j . f . 2000 . notes on a collection of reptiles from zambia and adjacent areas of the democratic republic of the congo . annals of the eastern cape museum 1 : 1 – 25
haft j . 1993 . ein beitrag zur biologie der echsen der insel sao tome ( golf von guinea ) , mit näherer betrachtung zur systematik von leptosiaphos africana ( gray ) ( reptilia : sauria : geckonidae et scincidae ) . faunistische abhandlungen ( dresden ) 19 ( 1 - 16 ) : 59 - 70 .
hawlitschek , o . ; f . glaw & d . rödder 2012 . pemba – herpetologische fundgrube im indischen ozean . reptilia ( münster ) 17 ( 97 ) : 97 - 109 - get paper here
hoogmoed , m . s . 1974 . ghanese lizards of the genus mabuya ( scincidae , sauria , reptilia ) . zoologische verhandelingen 138 : 1 - 62 - get paper here
ineich , i . & l . chirio 2004 . l ' archipel afro - montagne et les affinités de son herpetofaune : description d ' une espèce nouvelle indiquant des relations phylétiques entre le camerun et l ' afrique de l ' est ( lacertilia , scincidae , genre trachyleps . bull . soc . zool . fr . , 129 ( 3 ) : 317 - 331
jackson , k . & blackburn , d . c . 2007 . the amphibians and reptiles of nouabale - ndoki national park , republic of congo ( brazzaville ) . salamandra 43 ( 3 ) : 149 - 164 - get paper here
jackson , kate 2008 . mean and lowly things - snakes , science , and survival in the congo . harvard university press , 336 pp .
jackson , kate ; ange - ghislain zassi - boulou , lis - bethy mavoungou , and serge pangou 2007 . amphibians and reptiles of the lactélé community reserve , likouala region , republic of congo ( brazzaville ) . herp . cons . biol . 2 ( 2 ) : 75 - 86 - get paper here
jacobsen , n . h . g . 2009 . a contribution to the herpetofauna of the passendro area , central african republic . african herp news ( 47 ) : 2 - 20
jesus , josé ; brehm , antónio ; harris , d . james 2005 . relationships of scincid lizards ( mabuya spp . ) from the islands of the gulf of guinea based on mtdna sequence data . amphibia - reptilia 26 ( 4 ) : 467 - 473 - get paper here
jungnickel , j . 2012 . ein echsen - kleinbiotop auf der insel sansibar . terraria - elaphe 2012 ( 4 ) : 14 - 15 - get paper here
kirschey , tom 2016 . assessment of herpetofauna ( amphibia , reptilia ) in the kafa biosphere reserve nabu , 25 pp . - get paper here
lantermann , w . & lantermann , y . 2009 . herpetologische reiseeindrücke aus den ost - usambara - bergen in tanzania . elaphe 17 ( 2 ) : 53 - 61
lanza b 1978 . mabuya ferrarai , a new scincoid lizard from somalia . monitore zoologico italiano supplemento 11 ( 12 ) 1978 : 271 - 280 - get paper here
lanza , b . 1990 . amphibians and reptiles of the somali democratic republic : check list and biogeography . biogeographia , 14 : 407 - 465 [ 1988 ]
largen , m . j . ; spawls , s . 2006 . lizards of ethiopia ( reptilia sauria ) : an annotated checklist , bibliography , gazetteer and identification . tropical zoology 19 ( 1 ) : 21 - 109 - get paper here
largen , m . j . ; spawls , s . 2010 . amphibians and reptiles of ethiopia and eritrea . edition chimaira , frankfurt , 694 pp .
leaché , adam d . ; mark - oliver rödel , charles w . linkem , raul e . diaz , annika < br / > hillers , and matthew k . fujita 2006 . biodiversity in a forest island : reptiles and amphibians of the togo hills , kyabobo national park , ghana . amphibian & reptile conservation 4 ( 1 ) : 22 - 45 - get paper here
loveridge , a . 1923 . notes on east african lizards collected 1920 - 1923 with the description of two new races of agama lionotus blgr . proc . zool . soc . london 1923 : 935 - 969 - get paper here
loveridge , a . 1936 . african reptiles and amphibians in the field museum of natural history . zool . ser . field mus . nat . hist . , chicago , 22 ( 1 ) : 1 - 122 - get paper here
loveridge , a . 1953 . zoological results of a fifth expedition to east africa . iii . reptiles from nyasaland and tete . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard 110 ( 3 ) : 142 - 322 . - get paper here
loveridge , a . 1920 . notes on east african lizards collected 1915 - 1919 , with description of a new genus and species of skink and new subspecies of gecko . proc . zool . soc . london 1920 : 131 - 167 - get paper here
loveridge , a . 1957 . check list of the reptiles and amphibians of east africa ( uganda , kenya , tanganyika , zanzibar ) . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard 117 ( 2 ) : 153 - 362 - get paper here
malonza , patrick k . ; victor d . wasonga , vincent muchai , damaris rotich , beryl a . bwong ; a . m . bauer 2006 . diversity and biogeography of herpetofauna of the tana river primate national reserve , kenya . journal of east african natural history 95 ( 2 ) : 95–109
malonza , vincent ; beryl a . bwong , vincent muchai 2011 . kitobo forest of kenya , a unique hotspot of herpetofaunal divers . acta herpetologica 6 ( 2 ) : 149 - 160 - get paper here
mausfeld , p . ; vences , m . schmitz , a . & veith , m . 2000 . first data on the molecular phylogeography of scincid lizards of the genus mabuya . mol . phylogenet . evol . 17 ( 1 ) : 11 - 14 - get paper here
mausfeld - lafdhiya , p . ; schmitz , a . ; ineich , i . ; chirio , l . 2004 . genetic variation in two african euprepis species ( reptilia , scincidae ) , based on maximum - likelihood and bayesian analyses : taxonomic and biogeographic conclusions . bonner zoologische beitrage 52 ( 1 - 2 ) : 159 - 177 - get paper here
pauwels , o . s . g . b . le garff , i . ineich , p . carlino , i . melcore , l . boundenga , c . vigna , t . stévart , k . jeffery , c . orbell , j . - b . < br / > squarcini , j . p . vande weghe and l . j . t . white 2016 . miscellanea herpetologica gabonica v & vi bull . chicago herp . soc . 51 : 177 - get paper here
pauwels , o . s . g . & vande weghe , j . p . 2008 . les reptiles du gabon . smithsonian institution , washington : 272 pp . - get paper here
peters , wilhem carl hartwig 1879 . neue oder weniger bekannte eidechsenarten aus der familie der scinciden ( eumeces güntheri , euprepes notabilis , ablepharus rutilus ) . sitzungsber . ges . naturf . freunde berlin 1879 ( 3 ) : 35 - 37 - get paper here
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rocha , sara ; carretero , miguel a . ; harris , d . james 2010 . genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of mabuya spp . ( squamata : scincidae ) from western indian ocean islands . amphibia - reptilia 31 : 375 - 385 - get paper here
schmidt , karl patterson 1919 . contributions to the herpetology of the belgian congo based on the collection of the american congo expedition , 1909 - 1915 . part i : turtles , crocodiles , lizards , and chamaeleons . bull . amer . mus . nat . hist . 39 ( 2 ) : 385 - 624 - get paper here
segniagbeto , gabriel hoinsoude ; jean - françois trape , komlan m . afiademanyo , mark - oliver rödel , annemarie ohler , alain dubois , patrick david , danny meirte , isabelle adolé glitho , fabio petrozzi , and luca luiselli 2015 . checklist of the lizards of togo ( west africa ) , with comments on systematics , distribution , ecology , and conservation . zoosystema 37 ( 2 ) : 381 - 402 - get paper here
spawls , s . & rotich , d . 1997 . an annotated checklist of the lizards of kenya . j . east african nat . hist . 86 : 61 - 83 - get paper here
spawls , s . ; howell , k . ; drewes , r . c . & ashe , j . 2002 . a field guide to the reptiles of east africa . academic press , 543 pp . [ reviews in hr 34 : 396 and afr . j . herp . 51 ; 147 ] - get paper here
spawls , steve ; kim howell , harald hinkel , michele menegon 2018 . field guide to east african reptiles . bloomsbury , 624 pp . - get paper here
sternfeld , r . 1912 . iv . zoologie ii . lfg . reptilia . in : schubotz . , r . ( ed . ) : wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der deutschen zentral - afrika expedition 1907 - 1908 , unter führung a . friedrichs , herzogs zu mecklenburg . klinkhard und biermann , leipzig : 197 - 279 [ published 1912 , not 1913 , as often cited , see männel & kucharzewski 2017 ] - get paper here
sternfeld , r . 1917 . reptilia und amphibia . in : schubotz , h . ( hrsg . ) : wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der zweiten deutschen zentral - afrika - expedition , 1910 - 1911 unter führung adolph friedrichs , herzog zu mecklenburg . leipzig : klinkhardt & biermann , [ band ] 1 , zoologie , lieferung 11 ; s . 407 - 510 . - get paper here
taylor , edward h . ; weyer , dora 1958 . report on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from harbel , republic of liberia . univ . kansas sci . bull . 38 ( 14 ) : 1191 - 1229 - get paper here
trape , j . f . ; trape , s . & chirio , l . 2012 . lézards , crocodiles et tortues d ' afrique occidentale et du sahara . ird orstom , 503 pp . - get paper here
werner , f . 1908 . ergebnisse der mit subvention aus der erbschaft treitl unternommenen zoologischen forschungsreise dr . franz werner ' s nach nach dem ägyptischen sudan und norduganda . xii . die reptilien und amphibien . [ mabuia mongallensis , leptodira attarensis ] . sitzungsber . akad . wiss . wien 116 [ 1907 ] : 1823 - 1926 - get paper here
witte , g . f . de 1933 . reptiles récoltés au conge belge par le dr . h . schouteden et par m . g . - f . witte . ann . mus . conge belge zool . ser . 1 tome iii : 53 - 100 .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
the number of species increased from 10 , 711 to 10 , 793 , i . e . an increase of 82 species . 66 new species have been described , 9 species have been revalidated from synonymy and 16 subspecies were elevated to full species . . .
over the past 4 months , the number of species increased from 10 , 639 to 10 , 711 .
the number of species has grown from 10 , 544 in the may release to now 10 , 639 ( + 95 species ) .
overall , 212 new taxa have been added or changed their status or name .
the reptile database is a taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species , such as turtles , snakes , lizards , and crocodiles , as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians , but does not include dinosaurs .
currently there are more than 10 , 000 species and an additional 2 , 700 subspecies . this is making reptiles the largest vertebrate group after fish ( ~ 25 , 000 species ) and birds ( ~ 10 , 000 species ) , and significantly larger than mammals ( ~ 5 , 000 species ) or amphibians ( ~ 6 , 000 species ) .
the reptile database provides taxonomic information for the catalogue of life and the encyclopedia of life . our taxonomic information has also been used by genbank and many other resources and is the only comprehensive reptile database on the web .
the reptile database can be used to find all species within a certain geographic area ( e . g . all snakes of egypt ) . its collection of more than 2 , 500 images allow users to identify a species or at least get an idea how the species or genus may look like . more than 30 , 000 references provide a guide to further information .
continent : africa distribution : liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , benin , nigeria , cameroon , central african republic , equatorial guinea , gabon , democratic republic of the congo ( zaire ) , angola , zambia , somalia ( lanza 1990 ) , malawi , zimbabwe , mozambique , uganda , pemba island , tanzania , kenya , nosy tanikely , europa island , ethiopia , sudan ( werner 1908 ) , sao tome and principé ( gulf of guinea ) albotaeniata : pemba island and adjacent mesale islands . type locality : pemba island , tanzania . casuarinae : known only from the type locality : casuarinae island , one of the primeiras group , off the north mozambique coast . type locality : west africa
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i think our ugandan guide was first really sure he had a lunatic on his hands when i made him back up the jeep so i could take a picture of this lizard on a tree trunk near the road . it wasn ' t a particularly large or beautiful or probably even rare lizard , but it was one i hadn ' t seen .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
nosy be - madagascar 2014 - the island of freedom . . . andilana beach , nosy iranja . . . ( dji phantom 2 )