the crab-eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) , also known as the long-tailed macaque , is a cercopithecine primate native to southeast asia .

it is referred to as the cynomolgus monkey in laboratories .

it has a long history alongside humans ; they have been alternately seen as agricultural pests , sacred animals in some temples , and more recently , the subject of medical experiments .

the crab-eating macaque lives in matrilineal social groups with a female dominance hierarchy , and male members leave the group when they reach puberty .

they are opportunistic omnivores and have been documented using tools to obtain food in thailand and myanmar .

the crab-eating macaque is a known invasive species and a threat to biodiversity in several locations , including hong kong and western new guinea .

the significant overlap in macaque and human living space has resulted in greater habitat loss , synanthropic living , and inter - and intraspecies conflicts over resources .

crab - eating macaque

the crab - eating macaque . cool mohawk , bro . credit : shawn allen
crab - eating macaque can survive from 15 to 30 years in the wild .
containing between 5 and 60 crab - eating macaque individuals . the crab - eating macaque troops are centred around the female crab - eating macaques are they remain in the same place for their whole lives . there are often half as many males in a crab - eating macaque troop than there are females .
genomic data from the crab - eating macaque / cynomolgus monkey ( macaca fascicularis ) .
is made up from fruits , nuts and seeds . the crab - eating macaque also eats
of around six months , the female crab - eating macaque gives birth to a single infant ( baby ) crab - eating macaque . male crab - eating macaque babies remain with their mothers until they are a couple of years old and are independent enough to find another troop , but the crab - eating macaque babies tend to remain in the troop for their whole lives .
the long - tailed macaque is also called the crab - eating macaque , or the cynomolgus or ' java ' monkey .
information on the crab - eating macaque is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
the crab - eating macaque is a primarily arboreal macaque native to southeast asia . it is also called the cynomolgus monkey and the long - tailed macaque .
< 0 . 05 , grubbs ' test ) . ce , crab - eating macaque ; cr , chinese rhesus macaque ; ir , indian rhesus macaque .
crab - eating macaque has 16 to 26 inches long tail that provides balance when it moves in the treetops . crab - eating macaque is also able to jump horizontal distance of up to 16 . 4 feet .
the cynomolgus monkey is the name used in research for macaca fascicularis , sometimes also called the crab - eating macaque or long tailed macaque .
loss in the form of pollution and deforestation is causing severe declines in the crab - eating macaque population numbers .
infant crab - eating macaques are born black , and change colour as they mature .
male crab - eating monkeys have moustaches and cheek whiskers , while females have only whiskers .
one group of crab - eating macaques occupies territory of 125 hectares . grooming strengthens social bonds in the group . crab - eating macaques are very aggressive toward other groups or intruders .
genetic differentiation of the indonesian crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis / it ) : i . preliminary report on blood protein polymorphism
in the fact that the crab - eating macaque has a long tail which is about the same length as it ' s body .
crab - eating macaque is covered with black fur on birth . it drinks mother ' s milk until the age of 420 days .
crab - eating macaques are also called long - tailed macaques , due to their exceedingly long tails .
the crab - eating macaque is an arboreal primate meaning that it spends most of its life in the safety of the trees . the crab - eating macaque has a long tail which helps it to balance and sharp nails and its fingers to toes which help with grip .
genetic differentiation of the indonesian crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis / it ) : i . preliminary report on blood protein polymorphism | springerlink
the crab - eating macaque monkey also easily adjusts to human settlements and are considered sacred at some hindu temples and on some small islands .
gigadb dataset - doi 10 . 5524 / 100003 - genomic data from the crab - eating macaque / cynomolgus monkey ( macaca fascicularis ) .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive photo - crab - eating macaque troop
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive photo - crab - eating macaque troop
title =
arkive photo - crab - eating macaque troop
border =
0
/ > < / a >
the crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) is a primarily arboreal macaque native to southeast asia . it is also called the cynomolgus monkey and the long - tailed macaque . the crab - eating macaque is found in a wide variety of habitats , including primary lowland rainforests , disturbed and secondary rainforests and riverside and coastal forests of nipa palm and mangrove .
crab - eating macaque can reach 15 to 22 inches in length and 3 to 20 pounds of weight . males are much larger than females .
crab - eating macaque , also known as cynomolgus monkey , belongs to the group of old world monkeys . there are 10 subspecies of crab - eating macaque that are native to southeast asia . they inhabit subtropical and tropical forests , coastal lowland forests , deciduous and evergreen forests , mangroves and swamps . the greatest threat for the survival of crab - eating macaques in the wild is habitat loss . also , crab - eating macaques are often collected from the wild for the purpose of medical researches and due to pet trade . despite these factors , population of crab - eating macaques is large and stable in the wild .
source / reference article learn how you can use or cite the crab - eating macaque article in your website content , school work and other projects .
this is a video of the crab - eating macque taken from the bbc ' s planet earth documentary series .
threat ( s ) : some believe that the crab - eating macaque is responsible for the extinction of forest birds in and the destruction of agriculture , raiding crops ( sugar cane ) and eating food such as rice and taro plants . crab - eating macaques threaten critical bird breeding areas . the crab - eating macaque has made it to the invasive species specialist group of the world conservation union ' s list of
100 of the world ' s worst invasive alien species .
unknown but it has the third largest range of any primate species and the total population of the crab - eating macaque is currently not under significant threat .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive species - crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis )
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive species - crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis )
title =
arkive species - crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis )
border =
0
/ > < / a >
sussman , r . w . and tattersall , i . 1980 . a preliminary study of the crab - eating macaque macaca fascicularis in mauritius , the maurutius institute bulletin 9 ( 1 ) : 31 - 51 . summary : general ecology of crab - eating macaques on mauritius .
the crab - eating macaque is found in a wide variety of habitats , including primary lowland rainforests , disturbed and secondary rainforests and riverside and coastal forests of nipa palm and mangrove . the crab - eating macaque monkey also easily adjusts to human settlements and are considered sacred at some hindu temples and on some small islands .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive photo - juvenile crab - eating macaque sitting in a tree
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive photo - juvenile crab - eating macaque sitting in a tree
title =
arkive photo - juvenile crab - eating macaque sitting in a tree
border =
0
/ > < / a >
zoos keep crab - eating macaques primarily for educational purposes , because of their interesting social life and because they may be used as an exampke of an introduced invasive species . crab - eating macaques may also serve as ambassadors for the conservation of mangrove forests .
like other primates , crab - eating macaques can be quite clever . in thailand and myanmar scientists have documented macaques using tools to help with food preparation . the crab - eating macaque uses stones to open nuts , snails , crabs and other hard to get food items . they also have been observed washing fruits such as papaya and sweet potato before eating them .
crab - eating macaque lives in large groups called troops . each group consists of around 20 females and one or few males . dominant female is the leader of the troop .
we first used the degree of asymmetry in the divergence between ce macaque / cr macaque and ce macaque / ir macaque to estimate the proportion of the ce macaque genome that is of cr macaque origin . in particular , the proportion of the genome that is introgressed (
crab - eating macaques communicate via sounds , visual cues ( body postures ) and olfactory signals ( chemical substances produced in the body ) .
) a potential introgression region ( shaded blue ) , which contains fewer variations between ce macaque and cr macaque than between the two rhesus macaques ( ir macaque and cr macaque ) . (
also called crab - eating or long - tailed macaque . there are ten sub - species . conservation status : iucn red list ‘ least concern ‘ physical characteristics | habitat | ecology and behaviour
admiralty park probably holds the last population of crab - eating macaques on mainland singapore that inhabits a back mangrove , which partially lines sungei cina .
crab - eating macaques use tools such as rocks to break shell of crabs , nuts and oysters and teeth to peel skin of sweet potato .
other names : m . cynomolgus or m . irus ; crab - eating macaque , cynomolgus monkey , kera macaque , or longtail macaque ; macaque crabier or macaque de buffon ( french ) ; macaca cangrejera ( spanish ) ; javaapa or krabbmakak ( swedish ) ; m . f . atriceps : dark - crowned long - tailed macaque ; m . f . aurea : burmese long - tailed macaque ; m . f . condorensis : con song long - tailed macaque ; m . f . fusca : simeulue long - tailed macaque ; m . f . karimondjawae : kemujan long - tailed macaque ; m . f . lasiae : lasia long - tailed macaque ; m . f . philippinensis : philippine long - tailed macaque ; m . f . tua : maratua long - tailed macaque ; m . f . umbrosa : nicobar long - tailed macaque
did you know ? that the crab - eating macaque is rated by the iucn / ssc invasive species specialist group as being among the 100 world ' s worst invasive alien species ? crab - eating macaques are highly adaptable because they are generalist feeders . if expanding outside their origonal range , the may be responsible for the extinction of forest bird species .
with a name like crab - eating macaque you might think that these primates enjoy a diet of mostly seafood . however , crab - eating macaques are actually frugivorous , meaning their diet consists mainly of tropical fruit . they also eat a large portion of seeds . together , fruits and seeds make up between 60 % to 90 % of their diet .
the native range of the crab - eating macaque includes most of mainland southeast asia , including the malay archipelago islands of sumatra , java and borneo , the islands of the philippines and the nicobar islands in the bay of bengal . although this monkey is often referred to as the crab - eating macaque , its diet is by no means limited to crabs . other food items are in fact far more common .
crab - eating macaque is covered with grayish brown or reddish brown fur on dorsal side of the body and pale grey fur on ventral side of the body . tail is dark grey or brown in color .
, the crab - eating macaque , it sports a cute little punk - rock mohawk . appropriately enough , this species is alternatively known as the egret monkey , which brings us full circle on our linguistic journey .
sussman , r . w . and tattersall , i . 1980 . a preliminary study of the crab - eating macaque macaca fascicularis in mauritius , the maurutius institute bulletin 9 ( 1 ) : 31 - 51 .
natural predators of crab - eating macaques ( macaca fascicularis ) include large carnivores ( panthers and sun - bears in java ) , snakes and possibly large raptors .
with broad diets , crab - eating macaques mainly eat fruit , but also feed on items such as insects , bird eggs and as their name suggest , crabs .
there are two subspecies of the japanese macaque monkey , macaca fuscata fuscata and yakushima macaque , macaca fuscata yakui .
crab - eating macaque is an omnivore ( it eats plants and meat ) . its diet is based on fruit , leaves , nuts , seed , crabs , oysters , small birds and their eggs , lizards and frogs .
is a crab - eating macaque or long - tailed macaque ( 38 - 55 centimeters long with a tail , 40 - 65 centimeters in length , weighing 4 - 8 kilograms ) . the males and females are both born with black fur , which turns a grey to dark brown or yellowish - brown with lighter underparts and crown hairs which form a small crest . crab - eating macaques are a quadrapedal and diurnal ( active during the day ) species , highly adapted for swimming and climbing trees with tails used for balance when leaping between trees . crab - eating macaques have an average group size of 30 individuals .
a tourist took the footage of a lifetime when she stumbled across a wild long - tailed macaque ( also called a crab - eating macaque ) monkey nuzzling and grooming a small kitten at the monkey forest park in the ubud region of bali , indonesia . the bond isn ' t so surprising though , considering that crab - eating macaques are highly social animals and babies learn from interacting with both their mother and other females in their large groups of up to 60 individuals .
crab - eating and long tailed macaque make sense , as the monkeys are often seen eating crabs and they have rather long tails . the name cynomolgus , however , is rather strange so i was curious as to where it came from and why it is used . i checked wikipedia and the following section provided some information :
classification : macaca fascicularis is in the family cercopithecidae and subfamily cercopithecinae . there are 16 species of macaques . based on mating style and reproductive systems , there are 4 subgroups . the crab - eating or long - tailed macaque group , also includes the rhesus macaque , the japanese macaque ( snow monkey ) , and the formosan rock macaque . the other three groups are the silenus - sylavanus , sinica , and artoides .
macaca fascicularis aureus i . geoffroy saint - hilaire , 1831 – myanmar long - tailed macaque , burmese long - tailed macaque
) . we then constructed 19 and 18 multiple paired - end genomic dna libraries with gradually increasing insert sizes for the cr macaque and ce macaque , respectively . the total size of the assembled cr macaque and ce macaque genomes was , respectively ,
in this lesson you ' ll be learning about the ubiquitous crab - eating macaque . we ' ll be learning about where it lives in southeast asia , its fruit based diet , and unique behaviors including social dominance , tool use and reproductive strategies .
m . fascicularis , the crab - eating macaque , is native to south - east asia and has been introduced into mauritius , palau ( angaur island ) , hong kong and parts of indonesia ( tinjil island and papua ) . they are conside . . .
the crab - eating macaque is a very social animal that lives in groups anywhere from 5 - 60 individuals . these groups are multi - male groups , normally containing 2 - 5 males and 2 - 3 times as many females . their groups are female orientated .
the celebes crested macaque ( macaca nigra ) is also known as the crested black macaque , sulawesi crested macaque , or the black ‘ape’ . the celebes crested macaque lives in the northeast of the indonesian island of sulawesi ( celebes ) as well as on smaller neighbouring islands .
the crab - eating macaque is a very social animal that lives in groups anywhere from 5 – 60 individuals . these groups are multi - male groups , normally containing 2 – 5 males and 2 – 3 times as many females . their groups are female orientated . they will remain in a a group up to 4 or 5 years and will emigrate several times throughout their life . crab - eating macaques have a strict dominance hierarchy . adult males rank higher than females .
is also commonly known as the cynomolgus monkey or cynomolgous macaque . native to malaysia , indonesia and the philippines , crab - eating macaques are closely related to rhesus macaques but have a smaller body size and higher susceptibility to stress as well as other physiological and immunological differences .
crab - eating macaques like to live in large , social groups called troops . some troops may have up to 58 members . one benefit is protection against predators . large predators are much less likely to take on a large , howling group of macaques than a single macaque .
they will remain in a a group up to 4 or 5 years and will emigrate several times throughout their life . crab - eating macaques have a strict dominance hierarchy . adult males rank higher than females .
. the two sequenced genomes allowed us to quantify the influence of this introgression at the whole - genome level . specifically , we explored whether a dna signal consistent with interspecies hybridization was apparent within the cr macaque and ce macaque genomes . we calculated the divergence ratio between the ce macaque and cr macaque and compared it with the divergence ratio between the cr macaque and ir macaque for 50 - kb windows across the aligned genomes (
benefit ( s ) : the crab - eating macaques were extensively used as the laboratory animal for the research and development of the polio vaccine . in addition , they help in the distribution of introduced plant species .
, and the population indices are ce macaque : 1 , cr : 2 , ir macaque : 3 . using this equation , we found that
control level diagnosis : the control level does not seem to be a high priority in all the areas it inhabits . the level of control varies from virtually no protection to being well - protected depending on the region . there seems to be some regulation through export regulations but none that are extensive . the crab - eating macaque inhabits two sanctuaries , nine national parks , and nine reserves . they receive some protection in temple ruins where they are hand fed on a regular basis . the crab - eating macaque is legally protected in the parks and urban forests of malaysia . they are threatened in some of the reserves due to oil drilling and harvesting plans . they are considered sacred by some in bali . this may increase the chances of their survival in these reserves . crab - eating macaques are hunted for food in thailand and borneo and because they are agricultural pests , which remains a growing problem . as a result , this has impeded the government from following through with conservation efforts . crab - eating macaques were exported to the united states and great britain for biomedical research . in the wild , there are currently approximately 2 . 5 million crab - eating macaques , but they are threatened by extensive logging causing habitat loss .
the rhesus macaque ( macaca mulatta ) is one of the commonest monkeys in india , often living close to urban areas . in indonesia the crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) has become a competent swimmer and dives in the mangrove swamps for crabs and other crustaceans . in malaysia , the pig - tailed macaque ( macaca nemestrina ) has been trained to harvest coconuts . the japanese macaque ( macaca fuscata ) is the most northerly living monkeys and has a shaggy coat to protect it from the cold winters .
…of two clones of the crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) , the first primate clones using the scnt process . ( scnt has been carried out with very limited success in humans , in part because of problems with human egg cells resulting from the mother’s age and environmental factors . )
. they use their incisors and canine teeth to peel sweet potatoes before eating to avoid the bitter skins .
the booted macaque is an omnivore and feeds on figs , buds , invertebrates and cereals . there are two subspecies of the booted macaque that are recognized : macaca ochreata ochreata and muna - buton macaque , macaca ochreata brunnescens .
the long - tailed macaques or crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) is the only macaque native to singapore . they are also the most common species of non - human primate in singapore and are characterised by their long tails . adults have white fur on their eye lid , whiskers on their cheeks and are brown and grey in colour . babies are born with black coat .
the nonhuman primates most commonly used in medical research are from the genus macaca 1 . to better understand the genetic differences between these animal models , we present high - quality draft genome sequences from two macaque species , the cynomolgus / crab - eating macaque and the chinese rhesus macaque . comparison with the previously sequenced indian rhesus macaque reveals that all three macaques maintain abundant genetic heterogeneity , including millions of single - nucleotide substitutions and many insertions , deletions and gross chromosomal rearrangements . by assessing genetic regions with reduced variability , we identify genes in each macaque species that may have experienced positive selection . genetic divergence patterns suggest that the cynomolgus macaque genome has been shaped by introgression after hybridization with the chinese rhesus macaque . macaque genes display a high degree of sequence similarity with human disease gene orthologs and drug targets . however , we identify several putatively dysfunctional genetic differences between the three macaque species , which may explain functional differences between them previously observed in clinical studies .
the rhesus macaque monkey had been on the loose in the tampa - st .
a total frequency of macaque - to - human interactions at each study site .
) . this supports the occurrence of strong gene flow from the cr to the ce macaque genome . by screening the degree of asymmetry in the divergence between the ce and cr macaque and between the ce and ir macaque , we estimated that
troops of the toque macaque are a common sight in the cultural triangle , where many ancient temples are situated , hence earning them the nick name of ‘temple monkey’ . the other two subspecies of toque macaque that have been described are dryzone toque macaque ( macaca sinica sinica ) and wetzone toque macaque ( macaca sinica aurifrons ) .
crab - eating macaques are promiscuous ( they mate with more than one partner ) . pregnancy in females lasts 162 to 193 days and ends with one baby . dominant female produces offspring each year . other females usually breed once every two years .
the tibetan macaque ( macaca thibetana ) , also known as milne - edwards’ macaque , is found in china , tibet and vietnam . the tibetan macaque lives in subtropical forests either mixed deciduous or evergreen at altitude that range from 800 to 2000 metres .
, 1973 . polymorphism of red cell nadp - dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in macaque monkeys .
, 1969 . geographic variations of transferrin allelic frequencies in continental and insular macaque populations .
sussman , r . w . and tattersall , i . 1981 . behavior and ecology of macaca fascicularis in mauritius : a preliminary study , primates 22 ( 2 ) : 192 - 205 . summary : general ecology of crab - eating macaques on mauritius .
ecological role : crab - eating macaques are the most extensively used laboratory animal next to the rhesus monkey . they are able to easily adapt to mangrove forests , distributed throughout a variety of island habitats , feeding on native fruits and subsequently competing with native birds .
the native range of the crab - eating macaque includes most of mainland southeast asia , including the malay archipelago islands of sumatra , java and borneo , the islands of the philippines and the nicobar islands in the bay of bengal . although this monkey is often referred to as the crab - eating macaque , its diet is by no means limited to crabs . other food items are in fact far more common . they are an opportunistic feeding omnivore , meaning they can and will eat a wide variety of animals , plants and other materials , it also eats leaves , flowers , roots and bark . it also preys on bird chicks and nesting female birds , lizards , frogs , fishes and bird eggs .
and bird ' s eggs particularly during the colder winter months when their are slim pickings on the branches . japanese macaque babies feed on their mother ' s milk until they are able to begin eating more solid foods .
the behavioral repertoire of the stumptail macaque . a descriptive and comparative study . bibliotheca primatologica 11
we aren ' t monkeying around when we say that this macaque apes albert einstein perfectly .
macaca fascicularis philippinensis i . geoffroy saint - hilaire , 1843 – philippine long - tailed macaque
, meaning “of mixed breed . ” the species name of the long - tailed macaque is
long - tailed macaque on nick baker ' s ecologyasia website : fact sheet with photos .
, the japanese macaque is often loved and protected by the native people . however , growing
long tailed macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) | s . a . f . e . project
long - tailed macaques are mainly frugivorous but may seasonally focus on other food sources including insects , stems , young and mature leaves , flowers , seeds , grass , mushrooms , invertebrates , bird eggs , clay and bark . crab - eating macaques are excellent swimmers . where they forage in mangroves , they catch crabs , frogs , shrimps and other invertebrates . like other macaques they have cheek pouches in which they can store food as they forage , and transport it away from the foraging site to eat crab - eating macaques live in big groups , which can contain more than 100 individuals . the groups are divided in sub - groups . it is very uncommon to see a macaque living alone . after a pregnancy of 7 to 8 months the females will give birth to a single infant . new - born crab - eating macaques are sparsely haired and dark and weigh about 150 - 470 grams .
: the home range of crab - eating macaques varies greatly depending on the location and whether they are in their native range or an introduced range . in their native range the home range size may vary from between 50 hectares and 100 hectares , although the national primate conservation
females reach sexual maturity at the age of 4 years , males at the age of 6 years . males leave native group to join other , unrelated group of crab - eating monkeys . young males often fight to establish dominance and ensure higher rank in the new group .
but , part of the reason crab - eating macaques are so successful is that they are versatile consumers . they will also eat flowers , honey , bird eggs , fungi , leaves , bark and even clay . macaques sometimes consume clay for the minerals in it , like potassium .
local ganglion cell contr ibutions to the macaque electroretinogram revealed by experimental nerve fiber layer bundle defect .
, 1973 . genetic variation in the carbonic anhydrase isozymes of macaque monkeys . ii . inheritance of red cell carbonic anhydrase levels in different carbonic anhydrase i genotypes of the pig - tailed macaque ,
, 1971 . genetic variation and evolution in the red cell carbonic anhydrase isozymes of macaque monkeys .
found in a wide range of habitats : primary and secondary forests , mangrove forests , swamps and riverine forests , plantations and the outskirts of towns and villages , often near bodies of water . the crab - eating macaque was introduced to several locations ( hong kong , western new guinea , angaur island in palau , and mauritius ) where they are a threat to many native species .
jiang z ; meng z ; zeng y ; wu z ; zhou z , 2008 . cites non - detrimental finding case study for the exporting of crab - eating macaques . ( macaca fascicularis ) from china . df workshop case studies wg 5 - mammals case study 5 macaca fascicularis .
the life span of the tibetan macaque is over 20 years . there are four recognized subspecies of this macaque , macaca thibetana thibetana , macaca thibetana esau , macaca thibetana guiahouensis and macaca thibetana huangshanensis .
the number and characteristics of chromosomes of the crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) were studied . karyo - types obtained from cultured leukocytes were similar to those of other species of the genus macaca ( 2n = 42 ) . the diploid chromosome number was 42 : 15 pairs of submetacentric autosomes and 5 metacentric . the x - chromosome was metacentric and the y - chromosome was probably acrocentric .
much like raccoons , the crab - eating macaque is keen to take advantage of human activities . macaques make themselves pests to farmers , stealing crops like rice , fruit , sugarcane and taro . they even will steal food from the garbage in cities and villages . unfortunately , these primates can be dangerous . macaques have long canine teeth that can be used to display threatening behavior and even attack enemies .
1997 . female dominance relationships and food competition in the sympatric thomas langur and long - tailed macaque .
referred to as the cynomolgus monkey . in its natural environment , the long - tailed macaque is found
b mean frequency of macaque - to - human interactions for each behavior investigated across all observation sites .
in addition to what nishrat has written , crab - eating macaque has a long tail which is the size of its body . their tails also provide balance to their body . they vary in color from light brown to grayish brown fur that covers their legs and arms . they are very sociable and live in groups of about 5 to 60 individuals . they have sharp nails and fingers and toes to help them grip on to things . they also have human life hands . they do not only eat crabs but half of their diet is made up of fruits , nuts and seeds . since they look similar to humans they are our competitors because they eat the same types of foods as we do . crab - eating macaque . ( n . d . ) . retrieved may 17 , 2015 , from urltoken
m . thibetana , the milne - edwards ' s macaque , is from central china . it is the largest macaque , very short - tailed , dark brown with a bushy pale beard and cheek whiskers .
some macaques are nearly tailless , such as the stump - tailed macaque ( m . arctaides ) , some are tailless , such as the barbary ape ( m . sylvanus ) and some have long tails , such as rhesus monkey ( m . mulataa ) . the crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) , also known as the cynomolgus monkey and long - tailed macaque , has a very long tail , which is longer than the body , with the body length of the adult monkey about 38 to 55 centimeters ( 15 to 22 inches ) and the tail typically 40 to 65 centimeters ( 16 to 26 inches ) .
in their natural range , crab - eating macaques ( macaca fascicularis ) are occasionally used as a food source for some indigenous forest dwelling peoples . in mauritius , they are sold to the pharmaceutical industry with a value of approximately us $ 1500 per individual , and in angaur , palau they are sold as pets .
bertram , b . and ginsberg , j . 1994 . monkeys in mauritius : potential for humane control ( confidential report by the zoological society of london commissioned by the rspca ) : 25 . summary : confidential report summarising the problems posed by crab - eating macaques on mauritius and the feasibility of humane population control .
1996 . sexual behaviour and mating system of the wild pig - tailed macaque in west sumatra . in :
the booted macaque ( macaca ochreata ) is a macaque of the sulawesi island , indonesia . the booted macaque monkey is diurnal ( active during the daytime ) and spends most of the day in the trees . they can grow to a length of 50 – 59 centimetres long plus a tail of 35 – 40 centimetres .
) single nucleotide divergence between macaque species in 100 - kb windows across the genome . heterozygous variants were ignored in this calculation . the divergence of x chromosomes between the two rhesus macaque subspecies was a significant outlier (
bats are important pollinators in our ecosystem . contrary to popular belief , bats in singapore do not harm people and have a diet consisting mainly of fruits or insects . fruit - eating bats pollinate the beautiful flowers you see around your neighbourhood while insect - eating bats control insect populations ( including mosquito populations ) !
classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and listed on appendix ii of cites ( 2 ) . subspecies : dark - crowned long - tailed macaque , macaca fascicularis atriceps , the burmese long - tailed macaque , m . f . aureus , the simeulue long - tailed macaque , m . f . fuscus , the kemujan long - tailed macaque , m . f . karimondjawae , the lasia long - tailed macaque , m . f . lasiae , and the maratua long - tailed macaque , m . f . tua , are classified as data deficient ( dd ) , the con song long - tailed macaque , m . f . condorensis , and the nicobar long - tailed macaque , m . f . umbrosa , are classified as vulnerable ( vu ) , the long - tailed macaque , m . f . fascicularis is classified as least concern ( lc ) and the philippine long - tailed macaque , m . f . philippensis , is classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
uses in their natural range , crab - eating macaques ( macaca fascicularis ) are occasionally used as a food source for some indigenous forest dwelling peoples . in mauritius , they are sold to the pharmaceutical industry with a value of approximately us $ 1500 per individual , and in angaur , palau they are sold as pets .
crab - eating macaques ( macaca fascicularis ) may negatively impact biodiversity by eating the eggs and chicks of endangered forest birds . they compete with native birds for resources such as native fruits . they may aggravate the negative effects of exotic plant species by consuming their fruits and aiding dispersal of their seeds . macaques feed on sugar cane and other crops , affecting agriculture and livelihoods , and can be aggressive towards humans . macaques may carry potentially fatal human diseases , including b - virus .
to characterize the polymorphisms of several important variants between the ce and cr macaques , we carried out a population survey in 33 unrelated ce macaque individuals of vietnamese origin and 28 cr macaque individuals using pcr amplification and sequencing .
the moor macaque ( macaca maura ) is an macaque with brown / black body fur with a pale rump patch and pink bare skin on the rump . it is about 50 – 58 . 5 centimetres in length . the moor macaque monkey eats figs , bamboo seeds , buds , sprouts , invertebrates and cereals in tropical rainforests .
30 % of the ce macaque genome is of cr macaque origin . we next sought to identify putative introgression regions ( pirs ) in the macaque . we noted that if a given chromosomal region had originated as a consequence of hybridization between ce macaques and cr macaques , the sequence diversity between ce macaques and cr macaques ( denoted as
happel r ( 1988 ) seed - eating by west african cercopithecines , with reference to the possible evolution of bilophodont molars . am j phys anthropol 75 : 303–327
general impacts crab - eating macaques ( macaca fascicularis ) may negatively impact biodiversity by eating the eggs and chicks of endangered forest birds . they compete with native birds for resources such as native fruits . they may aggravate the negative effects of exotic plant species by consuming their fruits and aiding dispersal of their seeds . macaques feed on sugar cane and other crops , affecting agriculture and livelihoods , and can be aggressive towards humans . macaques may carry potentially fatal human diseases , including b - virus .
— ( ma ka k ) s . m . et f . 1° genre de singes à tête plate et à queue courte . un macaque . une macaque . 2° ver macaque , ver maringouin , flugacuru , ou berne , larves , dans l amérique méridionale , qui sont redoutées à l égal des moustiques ; dites , … …
———— , 1973 . blood protein variations in asian macaques . iii . characteristics of the macaque blood protein polymorphism .
the rhesus macaque ( macaca mulatta ) , often called the rhesus monkey , is one of the best known species of old world monkeys . it is a typical macaque , common throughout afghanistan to northern india and southern china .
we sequenced the genomes of a female cr macaque and a female ce macaque using a whole - genome shotgun strategy on a next - generation sequencing platform . briefly mitochondrial genome sequence analysis verified the predicted origin of both individuals (
under this definition , a negative indicates that cr macaque is closer to ce macaque than to ir macaque . to filter out the regions where the cr macaque sequence was closer to ce macaque by chance alone , we generated simulation data assuming a neutral model using parameters estimated by demographic analysis . the demographic model used for simulation assumed no migration between ce macaque and cr macaque . the program ms 26 was used to generate segregating sites for the three macaques . then , we calculated r diff for each window in the simulated data . the 1 % quartile of r diff in the simulated data was used as a cut - off ( denoted as r cutoff ) , that is p ( r diff < = r cutoff ) = 0 . 01 , for all windows in simulated data .
mhc class i a region diversity and polymorphism in macaque species . otting n , et al . immunogenetics 2007 may
macaques are similar in genetic makeup to humans and have similar immunological , neurological , and reproductive systems ( shidler 2007 ) . combined with the fact that some , such as the rhesus monkey and the crab - eating monkey , adapt well to captivity and are not endangered in the wild , they are popular animals for use in medical and scientific research ( shidler 2007 ) . the rhesus monkey ( macaca mulatta ) , for example , is used in research projects involving understanding genetic and reproductive disorders , exploring age - related health conditions , and developing an aids vaccine ( shidler 2007 ) . the cynomolgus monkey or crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) is best known for its use as the first test animal in clinical studies for development of the polio vaccine ( shidler 2007 ) .
the females have a rigid hierarchy with infants inheriting their mother’s rank . female gestation period is 173 days , females bear only one young , which weighs about 500 grams at birth . the japanese macaque has an average life span of 30 years . the japanese macaque is very smart . it is the only animal other than humans and raccoons that is known to wash its food before eating it .
the moor macaque is sometimes called dog - ape because of its dog - like muzzles , although they are no more closely related to apes than any other old world monkey . the moor macaque inhabits only sulawesi ( indonesia ) .
so , what ' s the problem with having an extra guest at the table ? crab - eating macaques have a highly varied diet . they compete with native species for all types of food , and can decimate local bird populations by dining on eggs . without natural predators , their population booms out of control and can outcompete native species .
this animal has several common names . it is often referred to as the long - tailed macaque due , unsurprisingly , to its unusually long tail that is often longer than the body . the species is also commonly known as the crab - eating macaque because it is often seen foraging beaches for crabs . another common name for m . fascicularis is the cynomolgus monkey , which literally means
dog - milker
monkey ; this is the name most commonly used in laboratory settings . in indonesia , m . fascicularis and other macaque species are known generically as kera , possibly because of the high - pitched alarm calls they give when in danger (
krra ! krra !
) .
) . in addition , > 93 % of 50 - kb genomic windows displayed a lower divergence rate between the ce and cr macaques in comparison with the ce and ir macaques . therefore , unsorted ancestral polymorphisms could not entirely explain the high proportion of inconsistent regions observed between the ce macaque and cr macaque . furthermore , by combining previous single nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) data from ir and cr macaque populations with data from our own sequenced cr and ce macaque individuals
crab - eating , or long - tailed , macaques ( m . fascicularis ) of southeast asia have whiskered brown faces ; they live in forests along rivers , where they eat fruit and fish for crabs and other crustaceans . rhesus monkeys ( m . mulatta ) are native to northern india , myanmar ( burma ) , southeast asia , and eastern…
the cynomolgus , or crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) is native to southeast asia . they are widely distributed in malaysia , indonesia and the philippines . they inhabit tropical forests , but are quite tolerant of captive housing and diets . there are several major breeding colonies in the u . s . , but large numbers of these animals can be imported from indonesia and other sources , making them readily available to laboratories at much lower cost than rhesus monkeys .
that one always loses the best specimens , is proverbial : this monkey was the biggest macaque i had ever seen .
fuentes a . patterns and context of human–macaque interactions in gibraltar . in : hodges jk , cortes kj , editors .
the long - tailed macaque – an ecologically important animal with a society that is similar to ours in many ways .
nparks has carried out research collaborations with local and international researchers since 2003 , which help to manage our macaque population .
macaca fascicularis ( primates : cercopithecidae ) long - tailed macaque by tan qiao hao joys , 2014 , on taxo4254 .
native to southeast asia , the crab - eating macaque is an adaptable species that has spread to many parts of the world . these primates are far from endangered , and have actually been classified as an invasive species due to their disruption in non - native ecosystems . although they are native to southeast asia , they are now found in parts of mainland asia , mauritius island in the indian ocean , and some islands in indonesia due to human introduction of the species .
howe hf ( 1986 ) seed dispersal by fruit - eating birds and mammals . in : murray dr ( ed ) seed dispersal . academic press , sydney , pp 123–189
( a ) schematic of protein encoded by trim5 in macaque . annotated functional domains are marked with the names of domains in the colored boxes . the positions of nonsynonymous polymorphisms and the two - amino - acid deletion ( in red ) are marked . ( b ) the frequencies of all the nonsynonymous polymorphisms and the two - amino - acid deletion in the cr macaque and ce macaque populations . the frequency is counted for the genotype that appears in the ir macaque reference .
furuichi , t . ( 1983 ) . interindividual distance and influence of dominance on feeding in a natural japanese macaque troop .
yamada , m . ( 1963 ) . a study of blood - relationship in the natural society of the japanese macaque .
. we’ll get back to the macaque in a moment , but , for now , let’s move on to our wrasse .
a rhesus macaque monkey sits on a perch at the national institutes of health ' s animal center in poolesville , md .
the lion - tailed macaque primarily eats fruits , however , it also eats leaves , buds , insects and small vertebrates .
distribution and status of long - tailed macaque ( macaca fascicularis aurea i . geofroy saint - hilaire , 1830 ) in bangladesh
the bonnet macaque ( macaca radiata ) is a macaque that resides in india . the bonnet macaque is a diurnal monkey which means it is mostly active during the daytime . bonnet macaques are around 35 – 60 centimetres long plus a tail of 35 – 68 centimetres . male bonnet macaques weigh 5 . 5 to 9 kilograms and females 3 . 5 to 4 . 5 kilograms .
natural predators of crab - eating macaques ( macaca fascicularis ) include large carnivores ( panthers and sun - bears in java ) , snakes and possibly large raptors . some primate taxonomists consider m . fascicularis to be more of a species group or superspecies , as it has a complex relationship with other species such as m . mulatto , m . cyclopis , and m . fuscata .
the common macaque is a strong , well - built monkey , of a dark grey colour , with a short stubby tail .
we constructed 19 and 18 paired - end libraries , with spanning size ranges of 200 bp to 10 kb ( supplementary section 1 ) , from the cr macaque and ce macaque , respectively . the libraries were prepared following the manufacturer ' s standard instructions and sequenced on illumina hiseq ( 2000 ) platform . whole genome sequencing was done as described previously 22 . a total of 178 . 98 gb data and 198 . 39 gb data were generated from these libraries for the cr macaque and ce macaque , respectively .
notes natural predators of crab - eating macaques ( macaca fascicularis ) include large carnivores ( panthers and sun - bears in java ) , snakes and possibly large raptors . some primate taxonomists consider m . fascicularis to be more of a species group or superspecies , as it has a complex relationship with other species such as m . mulatto , m . cyclopis , and m . fuscata .
and human genome sequences . about 97 % of cr macaque scaffolds and 92 % of ce macaque scaffolds could be placed onto chromosomes . we also applied rna - seq to profile transcripts in various tissues from one ir macaque and two ce macaques ( online methods ) . an integrated analysis combining genomic and transcriptome data was then used to define transcript structure and ascertain the expression profile of each gene (
crab - eating macaques are arboreal primates living in many habitats of southeast asia , but they have become an invasive species in nearby islands and mainland asia . they are small with long tails , gray fur , and pinkish - brown faces , and sharp canines that are used to fight predators and each other . they are frugivorous , eating a diet mostly of fruit , but also flowers , leaves , insects , eggs , sea animals and even human garbage . they live in large troops with dominant males and females . females give birth to one offspring , but demonstrate limited parental care .
but of course , there must be a reason for their name . crab - eating macaques that live near water particularly in coastal forests or mangroves are known for their seafood diet . they can be seen scavenging for crabs and frogs near the water . species in indonesia have even evolved to become strong swimmers . they dive for aquatic species , such as crabs that are underwater , shrimps , and octopuses .
fuentes a , kalchik s , gettler l , kwiatt a , konecki m , jones - engel l . characterizing human–macaque interactions in singapore .
the development of disease in baboons is somewhat slower than in the rhesus macaque . infection of wild troops with bovine tb has been described (
macaque monkeys that have developed the ability to use stone tools to open shellfish are in danger of losing the skill because of human development .
source / reference article learn how you can use or cite the japanese macaque article in your website content , school work and other projects .
local dispersal methods escape from confinement : the risk of pet crab - eating macaques ( macaca fascicularis ) escaping and forming new populations is significant as many people import these animals to keep or sell as pets ( kemp and burnett , 2003 ) . natural dispersal ( local ) : the home range of crab - eating macaques ( macaca fascicularis ) varies greatly depending on the location and whether they are in their native range or an introducted range . in their native range the home range size may vary from between 50 hectares and 100 hectares . the mean troop home range in their introduced range is estimated to be only 800 m² in mauritius ( sussman and tattersall , 1986 , carter and bright , 2002 ) . in their introduced range in papua ( indonesia ) the home range size may vary between 3 hectares and 22 hectares .
the scientific name of the crab - eating macaque is macaca fascicularis . macaca comes from the portuguese word macaco , which was picked up from makaku , a fiot ( west african language ) word ( kaku means ' monkey ' in fiot ) . fascicularis is latin for ' a small band or stripe ' . sir thomas raffles , who gave the animal its scientific name in 1821 , did not specify what he meant by the use of this word , although it is presumed it had something to do with his observation of the animal ' s color .